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沙特阿拉伯一年一度的阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王骆驼节又开始了。评委们将根据骆驼的头、脖子、驼峰等进行全方位评分，选出“最美骆驼”，颁发大奖。据外媒报道，这次比赛中超过40头骆驼因使用医美手段“提升”容貌而被取消参赛资格。这也是沙特史上最大的一次骆驼选美作假案。
[Photo/Pexels]
In an attempt to keep artificially-enhanced camels out of official beauty pageants, Saudi authorities recently disqualified 43 camels over the use of Botox and other cosmetic procedures.
选美比赛将整容骆驼拒之门外。因注射肉毒杆菌和使用其他医美手段，43头骆驼近日被沙特官方取消参加选美比赛的资格。
Saudi Arabia’s King Abdulaziz Camel Festival is one of the several annual events that features a camel beauty pageant. These sort of competitions is such a big deal that some breeders reportedly resort to Botox injections and other cosmetic touchups to make their animals prettier. The Saudi Press Agency recently reported that over 40 camels were disqualified from this year’s King Abdulaziz Camel Festival pageant because of Botox injections and other cosmetic procedures.
阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王骆驼节是沙特阿拉伯几个一年一度的骆驼选美活动之一。这类比赛在沙特阿拉伯是大事，据报道，一些饲养者为了让骆驼更漂亮，会给它们注射肉毒杆菌和使用其他医美手段。沙特新闻社近日报道称，超过40头骆驼因注射肉毒杆菌和其他医美手段而被取消今年阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王骆驼节的参赛资格。
Apparently, Botox is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the illegal use of cosmetic intervention for camel beauty pageants. Using collagen lip fillers, artificially increasing the animals’ muscles with hormones, and inflating body parts with rubber bands have all been documented in the past.
显然，注射肉毒杆菌只是骆驼选美比赛中的众多非法医美手段之一。过去还出现过给骆驼使用胶原蛋白丰唇，用激素让骆驼肌肉更发达，用塑料圈来塑造身体部位。
The use of cosmetics by camel breeders has become such a big problem in recent years that competition organizers have had to adopt “specialized and advanced” technology to detect any unauthorized tampering with the animals.
近年来，饲养者给骆驼整容已成为令人头疼的问题，比赛组织者不得不采用“专业和先进”的技术来检测未经许可美化骆驼容貌的行为。
To ensure that the natural beauty of the camel is preserved, the animals are checked both physically and clinically before the pageant, using X-ray machines and sonar devices. Offenders risk fines as high as 100,000 riyals per camel for procedures like Botox or hormone injections.
为了确保骆驼的自然美得以保存，在比赛前，组织者会用X光机和声纳设备对骆驼进行身体检查和临床检查。给骆驼注射肉毒杆菌素或激素的违法者可能被处以每头骆驼高达10万沙特里亚尔（约合人民币17万元）的罚款。
据悉，骆驼饲养人想方设法地美化骆驼，最重要的原因就是金钱诱惑。因为一头美丽的骆驼能卖出大价钱，也可在选美中赢回大奖，带来丰厚的经济回报。
Camel breeding is big business in the Middle East, and good placing at beauty pageants can have seriously beneficial implications for the owners. And then there is the prize money. This year breeders at the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival are competing for about $66 million.
骆驼养殖在中东是一项大生意，在骆驼选美比赛中取得好成绩对饲养者是非常有利的。而且比赛还设有奖金。今年，阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹国王骆驼节的饲养员们将共同竞争约6600万美元（约合人民币4.2亿元）的奖金。
来源：Oddity Central
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Pexels]
In an attempt to keep artificially-enhanced camels out of official beauty pageants, Saudi authorities recently disqualified 43 camels over the use of Botox and other cosmetic procedures.
Saudi Arabia’s King Abdulaziz Camel Festival is one of the several annual events that features a camel beauty pageant. These sort of competitions is such a big deal that some breeders reportedly resort to Botox injections and other cosmetic touchups to make their animals prettier. The Saudi Press Agency recently reported that over 40 camels were disqualified from this year’s King Abdulaziz Camel Festival pageant because of Botox injections and other cosmetic procedures.
Apparently, Botox is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the illegal use of cosmetic intervention for camel beauty pageants. Using collagen lip fillers, artificially increasing the animals’ muscles with hormones, and inflating body parts with rubber bands have all been documented in the past.
The use of cosmetics by camel breeders has become such a big problem in recent years that competition organizers have had to adopt “specialized and advanced” technology to detect any unauthorized tampering with the animals.
To ensure that the natural beauty of the camel is preserved, the animals are checked both physically and clinically before the pageant, using X-ray machines and sonar devices. Offenders risk fines as high as 100,000 riyals per camel for procedures like Botox or hormone injections.
Camel breeding is big business in the Middle East, and good placing at beauty pageants can have seriously beneficial implications for the owners. And then there is the prize money. This year breeders at the King Abdulaziz Camel Festival are competing for about $66 million. | 沙特阿拉伯一年一度的阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王骆驼节又开始了。评委们将根据骆驼的头、脖子、驼峰等进行全方位评分，选出“最美骆驼”，颁发大奖。据外媒报道，这次比赛中超过40头骆驼因使用医美手段“提升”容貌而被取消参赛资格。这也是沙特史上最大的一次骆驼选美作假案。
选美比赛将整容骆驼拒之门外。因注射肉毒杆菌和使用其他医美手段，43头骆驼近日被沙特官方取消参加选美比赛的资格。
阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王骆驼节是沙特阿拉伯几个一年一度的骆驼选美活动之一。这类比赛在沙特阿拉伯是大事，据报道，一些饲养者为了让骆驼更漂亮，会给它们注射肉毒杆菌和使用其他医美手段。沙特新闻社近日报道称，超过40头骆驼因注射肉毒杆菌和其他医美手段而被取消今年阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹国王骆驼节的参赛资格。
显然，注射肉毒杆菌只是骆驼选美比赛中的众多非法医美手段之一。过去还出现过给骆驼使用胶原蛋白丰唇，用激素让骆驼肌肉更发达，用塑料圈来塑造身体部位。
近年来，饲养者给骆驼整容已成为令人头疼的问题，比赛组织者不得不采用“专业和先进”的技术来检测未经许可美化骆驼容貌的行为。
为了确保骆驼的自然美得以保存，在比赛前，组织者会用X光机和声纳设备对骆驼进行身体检查和临床检查。给骆驼注射肉毒杆菌素或激素的违法者可能被处以每头骆驼高达10万沙特里亚尔（约合人民币17万元）的罚款。
据悉，骆驼饲养人想方设法地美化骆驼，最重要的原因就是金钱诱惑。因为一头美丽的骆驼能卖出大价钱，也可在选美中赢回大奖，带来丰厚的经济回报。
骆驼养殖在中东是一项大生意，在骆驼选美比赛中取得好成绩对饲养者是非常有利的。而且比赛还设有奖金。今年，阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹国王骆驼节的饲养员们将共同竞争约6600万美元（约合人民币4.2亿元）的奖金。
来源：Oddity Central
编辑：董静 |
日本的科学家近日研发出了一种新型口罩，如果佩戴者感染了新冠病毒，这种口罩就能在紫外灯下发出亮光。有了这款口罩，人们在家中就可以自测是否感染了新冠病毒。
[Photo/Pexels]
A team of Japanese scientists has created a prototype for a mask filter that glows under ultraviolet light and reveals traces of the COVID-19 virus if the wearer is infected.
日本的一个科学家团队日前研发出了一款口罩过滤片样品，如果佩戴者感染了新冠病毒，这款口罩就会在紫外线灯照射下发光，提示病毒的存在。
Scientists from the Kyoto Prefectural University say that the masks they've made contain an additional filter within its layers. When removed and sprayed with a fluorescent dye containing antibodies, the filter will glow when placed under UV light if traces of the COVID-19 virus are detected.
京都府立大学的科学家称，他们制作出的这款口罩内含有一层额外的过滤片。把这层过滤片取出来喷上含有新冠抗体的荧光染料后，如果接触到新冠病毒，这层过滤片就能在紫外灯照射下发光。
According to a press release from the university, the team developed this method by first injecting an inactive form of the COVID-19 virus into female ostriches. From there, they worked to extract antibodies from the eggs of these female ostriches, infusing these antibodies into the fluorescent spray.
京都府立大学在新闻稿中称，该研究团队先是将灭活的新冠病毒注入雌鸵鸟体内，然后从雌鸵鸟产的蛋中提取抗体，并将其加入荧光喷雾中。
Speaking to Japanese news outlet Kyodo News, researcher Yasuhiro Tsukamoto said that he conducted experiments with 32 people infected with COVID-19 over a 10-day timeframe. The researchers found that the masks worn by these 32 testers glowed brightly and showed traces of the COVID-19 virus after being sprayed with the antibody spray and held under a UV light. Tsukamoto's team also noted that the glow faded over time as the patients recovered and their viral load decreased.
研究员冢元安弘告诉日本共同社说，他在10天时间内对32名新冠病毒感染者开展了实验。结果发现，32名测试者佩戴过的口罩在喷洒过抗体喷雾后能在紫外灯下发出亮光，表明口罩上有新冠病毒。冢元安弘的团队还指出，随着患者康复，病毒载量降低，口罩发出的光也会减弱。
Tsukamoto intends to trial the mask on 150 participants in the team's next round of testing, and hopes to get the green light from the Japanese government to sell the masks in 2022.
在研究团队的下一轮测试中，冢元安弘计划让150名参与者试用这种口罩，他希望日本政府能批准这款口罩在2022年上市。
英文来源：内幕网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
A team of Japanese scientists has created a prototype for a mask filter that glows under ultraviolet light and reveals traces of the COVID-19 virus if the wearer is infected.
Scientists from the Kyoto Prefectural University say that the masks they've made contain an additional filter within its layers. When removed and sprayed with a fluorescent dye containing antibodies, the filter will glow when placed under UV light if traces of the COVID-19 virus are detected.
According to a press release from the university, the team developed this method by first injecting an inactive form of the COVID-19 virus into female ostriches. From there, they worked to extract antibodies from the eggs of these female ostriches, infusing these antibodies into the fluorescent spray.
Speaking to Japanese news outlet Kyodo News, researcher Yasuhiro Tsukamoto said that he conducted experiments with 32 people infected with COVID-19 over a 10-day timeframe. The researchers found that the masks worn by these 32 testers glowed brightly and showed traces of the COVID-19 virus after being sprayed with the antibody spray and held under a UV light. Tsukamoto's team also noted that the glow faded over time as the patients recovered and their viral load decreased.
Tsukamoto intends to trial the mask on 150 participants in the team's next round of testing, and hopes to get the green light from the Japanese government to sell the masks in 2022. | 日本的科学家近日研发出了一种新型口罩，如果佩戴者感染了新冠病毒，这种口罩就能在紫外灯下发出亮光。有了这款口罩，人们在家中就可以自测是否感染了新冠病毒。
日本的一个科学家团队日前研发出了一款口罩过滤片样品，如果佩戴者感染了新冠病毒，这款口罩就会在紫外线灯照射下发光，提示病毒的存在。
京都府立大学的科学家称，他们制作出的这款口罩内含有一层额外的过滤片。把这层过滤片取出来喷上含有新冠抗体的荧光染料后，如果接触到新冠病毒，这层过滤片就能在紫外灯照射下发光。
京都府立大学在新闻稿中称，该研究团队先是将灭活的新冠病毒注入雌鸵鸟体内，然后从雌鸵鸟产的蛋中提取抗体，并将其加入荧光喷雾中。
研究员冢元安弘告诉日本共同社说，他在10天时间内对32名新冠病毒感染者开展了实验。结果发现，32名测试者佩戴过的口罩在喷洒过抗体喷雾后能在紫外灯下发出亮光，表明口罩上有新冠病毒。冢元安弘的团队还指出，随着患者康复，病毒载量降低，口罩发出的光也会减弱。
在研究团队的下一轮测试中，冢元安弘计划让150名参与者试用这种口罩，他希望日本政府能批准这款口罩在2022年上市。
英文来源：内幕网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
华盛顿大学研究人员发表在《柳叶刀》的研究报告预测，全球人口将在2064年达到顶峰，约为97亿，2100年将降至约88亿。研究人员称，这将是第一次由生育率下降而导致的全球人口下降。
Photo provided to China Daily
According to a new study published in the
Lancet
journal, the world population will decline for the first time in the next century.
发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的一项新研究称，下个世纪全球人口将首次下降。
The world’s population is currently estimated to be at 7.8 billion people. According to the estimate, the global population would peak at around 9.7 billion in 2064. Then it will fall to 8.79 billion in 2100.
目前，全球人口预计为 78 亿。 据估计，全球人口将在2064年达到峰值，约为97亿。然后在 2100 年下降到 87.9 亿。
Due to low birth rates and aging populations, up to 23 countries, including Japan, Thailand, Italy, Spain, Portugal, South Korea, and others, might see their populations fall by more than 50%.
由于低出生率和人口老龄化，包括日本、泰国、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙、韩国等在内的多达 23 个国家的人口可能会下降 50% 以上。
China is the world’s most populated country. But it will see its population drop from 1.4 billion in 2017 to 732 million in 2100.
中国是目前世界上人口最多的国家，但到2100年，中国的人口将从 2017 年的 14 亿下降到 7.32 亿。
The study noted the global trend of population decline. But it also predicted that some sections of the world would witness an increase in population.
这项研究指出了全球人口下降的趋势，也预测世界某些地区将出现人口增长。
This encompasses North Africa, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. It is likely to triple in population from 1.03 billion in 2017 to 3.07 billion in 2100 over the century.
人口增长地区包括北非、中东和撒哈拉以南非洲。在本世纪内，这些地区的人口可能会从2017年的10.3亿增加到2100年的30.7亿。
According to the study, the population of India, the world’s second-most populous country, will be approximately 1.09 billion in 2100.
该研究指出，2100年，世界第二人口大国印度的人口将为10.9亿左右。
[Photo/Pexels]
World population decline driven by fertility decline
生育率下降导致全球人口下降
Lead study author and Professor of Global Health at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Stein Emil Vollset, told IFLScience, “The last time that global population declined was in the mid 14th century, due to the Black Plague. If our forecast is correct, it will be the first time population decline is driven by fertility decline, as opposed to events such as a pandemic or famine.”
该研究主要作者、华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所全球健康教授斯坦因·埃米尔·沃尔赛特告诉IFLScience网站：“全球人口上一次下降是在 14 世纪中叶，是黑死病导致的。如果我们的预测正确，这将是第一次由生育率下降而导致人口下降，而不是由于疫情或饥荒等原因。”
The fertility rate is the average number of children a woman has over her lifetime. The worldwide total fertility rate is likely to steadily drop, from 2.37 in 2017 to 1.66 in 2100. It is significantly below the minimum rate (2.1 live births per woman) necessary to maintain population levels, he added.
生育率是女性一生中平均生育子女的数量。全球总生育率可能会稳步下降，从2017年的2.37下降到2100年的1.66。这远低于维持人口水平所需的最低生育率（平均每位女性 2.1的生育率）。
来源：breezyscroll
编辑：董静 | Photo provided to China Daily
According to a new study published in the
Lancet
journal, the world population will decline for the first time in the next century.
The world’s population is currently estimated to be at 7.8 billion people. According to the estimate, the global population would peak at around 9.7 billion in 2064. Then it will fall to 8.79 billion in 2100.
Due to low birth rates and aging populations, up to 23 countries, including Japan, Thailand, Italy, Spain, Portugal, South Korea, and others, might see their populations fall by more than 50%.
China is the world’s most populated country. But it will see its population drop from 1.4 billion in 2017 to 732 million in 2100.
The study noted the global trend of population decline. But it also predicted that some sections of the world would witness an increase in population.
This encompasses North Africa, the Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa. It is likely to triple in population from 1.03 billion in 2017 to 3.07 billion in 2100 over the century.
According to the study, the population of India, the world’s second-most populous country, will be approximately 1.09 billion in 2100.
[Photo/Pexels]
World population decline driven by fertility decline
Lead study author and Professor of Global Health at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), Stein Emil Vollset, told IFLScience, “The last time that global population declined was in the mid 14th century, due to the Black Plague. If our forecast is correct, it will be the first time population decline is driven by fertility decline, as opposed to events such as a pandemic or famine.”
The fertility rate is the average number of children a woman has over her lifetime. The worldwide total fertility rate is likely to steadily drop, from 2.37 in 2017 to 1.66 in 2100. It is significantly below the minimum rate (2.1 live births per woman) necessary to maintain population levels, he added. | 华盛顿大学研究人员发表在《柳叶刀》的研究报告预测，全球人口将在2064年达到顶峰，约为97亿，2100年将降至约88亿。研究人员称，这将是第一次由生育率下降而导致的全球人口下降。
发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的一项新研究称，下个世纪全球人口将首次下降。
目前，全球人口预计为 78 亿。 据估计，全球人口将在2064年达到峰值，约为97亿。然后在 2100 年下降到 87.9 亿。
由于低出生率和人口老龄化，包括日本、泰国、意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙、韩国等在内的多达 23 个国家的人口可能会下降 50% 以上。
中国是目前世界上人口最多的国家，但到2100年，中国的人口将从 2017 年的 14 亿下降到 7.32 亿。
这项研究指出了全球人口下降的趋势，也预测世界某些地区将出现人口增长。
人口增长地区包括北非、中东和撒哈拉以南非洲。在本世纪内，这些地区的人口可能会从2017年的10.3亿增加到2100年的30.7亿。
该研究指出，2100年，世界第二人口大国印度的人口将为10.9亿左右。
生育率下降导致全球人口下降
该研究主要作者、华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所全球健康教授斯坦因·埃米尔·沃尔赛特告诉IFLScience网站：“全球人口上一次下降是在 14 世纪中叶，是黑死病导致的。如果我们的预测正确，这将是第一次由生育率下降而导致人口下降，而不是由于疫情或饥荒等原因。”
生育率是女性一生中平均生育子女的数量。全球总生育率可能会稳步下降，从2017年的2.37下降到2100年的1.66。这远低于维持人口水平所需的最低生育率（平均每位女性 2.1的生育率）。
来源：breezyscroll
编辑：董静 |
学外语到底难不难？不如来听听一个会讲10种语言的人现身说法。
[Photo/Pexels]
There are over 6,000 languages in the world. Some are more important than others, not better or more advanced, just more important. Why? Because they are spoken by more people, in more countries. That does not mean that Finnish is not important to the Finns, and Maori is not important to the Maoris. It is just that these languages are not so important to the rest of us.
世界上的语言超过6000种，其中有些更重要些，有些则不是很重要。这不是说那些重要的就是更好的或者更高级的语言，而是因为使用者更多、分布也更广。芬兰语对芬兰人很重要，毛利语对毛利人也很重要，但对于其他人来说就不那么重要了。
On the other hand, Mandarin Chinese is spoken by over one billion people. Chinese origin words account for 60% of Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese vocabulary. Knowing Chinese will help you learn these languages too. It helped me. Chinese culture has influenced the world for thousands of years with its art, philosophy, technology, food, medicine and performing arts. Today China’s economy is booming. Chinese seems well worth learning.
汉语普通话的使用者有十多亿，而且日语、韩语、越南语中有60%的词汇都来源于汉语，掌握了汉语，学习这些语言会容易许多，这是我的亲身体验。中国文化——包括艺术、哲学、技术、饮食、医药以及表演艺术等——几千年来不断影响着世界，如今中国经济又日益强大，所以汉语是值得好好学习的。
Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese are essentially dialects of the same language. If you learn one, you can learn the others. I did. If you learn Spanish, you open the door to the culture, music, history and possible business dealings with 800 million people in 60 countries, including the US and Canada.
西班牙语、法语、意大利语和葡萄牙语其实就是一种语言的不同方言。学会了一种，就能学会其他几种。我就是这样。如果你学会了西班牙语，你就打开了一扇通向8亿人的大门，包括他们的文化、音乐、历史，以及同他们做生意的机会。这些人分布在60多个国家，包括美国和加拿大。
If you get ambitious you could try Russian, as I have been doing for the last two years. Once you have Russian you can probably communicate with other Slav speakers.
如果抱负够大，你可以尝试一下俄语。过去的两年里，我自己就在学习这门语言。一旦学会了俄语，不仅可以和俄国人交流，甚至可以和其他斯拉夫语系的人沟通。
But hold it here! Before getting carried away, let’s look at the present situation of language teaching. According to one Canadian survey, after 12 years of daily French classes, only one high school graduate out of 147 (0.68%) achieved “intermediate” proficiency. Another survey of immigrants learning English in the US showed that “classroom instructional hours” had little impact on progress.
不过你先别激动，让我们先看看语言教学的现状再说。根据一项加拿大的调查，在课堂上日复一日地学了12年法语后，每147名中学毕业生中只有一名能达到中等熟练水平，比例是0.68%。根据另一项针对美国入境移民的调查，课堂英语教学对他们的英语水平几乎没有什么提高。
If we cannot teach our own official languages in North America, what hope is there for other languages like Chinese or Spanish, let alone Russian, Arabic or Hindi?
如果我们在自己的国家教自己的官方语言都如此失败，那我们还怎能教别人学会汉语、西班牙语等其他语言呢？更别说俄语、阿拉伯语和印度语了！
As a speaker of 10 languages I know the benefits of speaking more than one language. We simply have to change the way we go about teaching languages. To start with we need to dispel seven common misconceptions about language learning.
我能说10种语言，我知道会说外语的好处。我们需要做的是改变传统的语言教学方式。首先，我们要破除关于语言学习的7个错误观念。
[Photo/Pexels]
1. Language learning is difficult
外语很难学
It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me, it is that simple. I have done it many times. Soon you feel the satisfaction of understanding another language. Before you know it you start speaking. It is the way languages are usually taught that makes language learning hard to like.
如果你不想学，那外语的确很难学。学语言要花时间，但并不难。你要做的主要就是听和读。相信我，就这么简单，我就是这么学的。只要不断地听和读，很快就能理解你所学的外语了，而且不知不觉中你就会说了。之所以很多人不喜欢外语学习，是因为我们的教法不对。
2. You have to have a gift for learning languages
学语言必须要有天赋
No you don’t. Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages. Foreign athletes in North America usually learn to speak English faster than people in more formal learning environments. In language learning it is attitude, not aptitude, that determines success.
不对。不管是谁，只要想学，就能学会。在荷兰和瑞典，很多人都会一种以上的语言。他们不可能都有语言天赋。北美的外国运动员学会说英语的速度往往快于那些在正规的教学环境中学习英语的人。学习外语，重要的是态度，而不是能力。
3. You have to live where the language is spoken
必须住在英语国家才能学会英语
Some immigrants to North America never learn to speak more than halting English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak flawless English. In 1968, I learned to speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hong Kong, where few people spoke it. With the Internet, language content is available to anyone with a computer, and you can download it to your iPod and listen. Where you live is not an obstacle.
实际上，一些来到北美的移民直到最后也只会说磕磕巴巴的英语。但在其他国家生活的一些人却能把英语说得很流利。1968年我住在香港时学会了流利的普通话，虽然那里几乎没人说普通话。现在有了互联网，只要有台电脑，任何人都可以接触到语言材料，还可以下载到你的ipod里听。所以，住在哪里已经不是障碍了。
4. Only children can learn to speak another language well
只有孩子才能学好外语
Recent brain research has demonstrated that our brains remain plastic well into old age. Adults who lose their eyesight have to learn a new language, braille, for example. Adults have a wide vocabulary in their own language and are better language learners than children. I have learned 4 languages since the age of 55. Adults only need the child’s willingness to experiment and desire to communicate, without the fear of ridicule.
最近的研究表明，人类大脑的可塑性能一直保持到老年。很多成年人在失明后能学会盲文就是一个例子。成年人掌握了大量的本族语词汇，学外语比儿童更有优势。拿我自己来说，从55岁开始，我已经学会了4种语言。成年人需要做的只是像孩子那样乐于尝试，渴望交流，并且不怕被嘲笑。
5. To learn a language you need formal classroom instruction
只有通过正规的课堂教学才能学会外语
This is the crux of the problem. Classrooms may be economical to run and a great place to meet others. They have the weight of history and tradition behind them. Unfortunately, a classroom is an inefficient place to learn a language. The more students in the class, the more inefficient it is. Languages cannot be taught, they can only be learned.Theoretical grammatical explanations are hard to understand, hard to remember, and even harder to use. Drills and exercises are annoying to most people. A majority of school kids graduate unable to communicate in languages that they study for 10 or more years.
这是问题的关键。课堂教学比较经济，通过课堂学习还可以结交很多人，而且这种教学方式历史悠久，已经成为传统。但对语言学习来说，这却是一种低效的方式，而且班里的的人数越多，就越低效。语言不是教会的，而是学会的。语法讲解让人难以理解，难以记住，更难以运用，而句型练习和课后练习则枯燥无味、令人生厌。结果是，很多学生在学习了10年甚至更长时间的外语后，还是不能用它进行交际。
6. You need to speak in order to learn (and I have nobody to speak to)
必须通过说才能学会外语，（没人跟我说，所以我学不会）
Speaking the language is usually the goal of language learning, but speaking can wait. Once you have acquired the language, you will find the opportunity to speak. When you are learning the language it is more important to listen. Trying to just pick up a few “handy” phrases to say is likely to just get you into trouble. If you meet a native speaker, you will inevitably spend most of your time listening unless you already know the language. You do not need to speak in order to learn, you need to learn in order to speak.
能说外语一般是外语学习的目标，但“说外语”可以先等一等。一旦你学会了一门外语，自然会有说的机会。但在这之前，更重要的是听，而不是说。记住几个常用的句子然后就去说往往会让你陷入麻烦。如果你遇到一个外国人，你将主要是听对方说，这是难免的事，除非你已经学会了对方的语言。总之，不必为了学而去刻意说外语，而应该为了会说去学外语。
7. I would love to learn but I don’t have the time
我很想学外语，但没时间
How about the time you spend waiting in line, commuting, doing things around the house, going for a walk? Why not use that time to listen to a language on your iPod? Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you believe you will achieve significant results, and if you enjoy doing it, as I do, you will find the time.
那么在排队、坐车、做家务或者散步的时候你有时间吗？为什么不在这些时候用你的ipod听听外语呢？开始的时候，即便你每天只能听10或15分钟也没关系，不久后你自然就能延长到30分钟甚至一个小时。只要有信心，你就能获得巨大的进步，只要你喜欢这样做——像我这样，你自然就能够找到学习的时间。
（来源：沪江英语 编辑：丹妮） | [Photo/Pexels]
There are over 6,000 languages in the world. Some are more important than others, not better or more advanced, just more important. Why? Because they are spoken by more people, in more countries. That does not mean that Finnish is not important to the Finns, and Maori is not important to the Maoris. It is just that these languages are not so important to the rest of us.
On the other hand, Mandarin Chinese is spoken by over one billion people. Chinese origin words account for 60% of Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese vocabulary. Knowing Chinese will help you learn these languages too. It helped me. Chinese culture has influenced the world for thousands of years with its art, philosophy, technology, food, medicine and performing arts. Today China’s economy is booming. Chinese seems well worth learning.
Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese are essentially dialects of the same language. If you learn one, you can learn the others. I did. If you learn Spanish, you open the door to the culture, music, history and possible business dealings with 800 million people in 60 countries, including the US and Canada.
If you get ambitious you could try Russian, as I have been doing for the last two years. Once you have Russian you can probably communicate with other Slav speakers.
But hold it here! Before getting carried away, let’s look at the present situation of language teaching. According to one Canadian survey, after 12 years of daily French classes, only one high school graduate out of 147 (0.68%) achieved “intermediate” proficiency. Another survey of immigrants learning English in the US showed that “classroom instructional hours” had little impact on progress.
If we cannot teach our own official languages in North America, what hope is there for other languages like Chinese or Spanish, let alone Russian, Arabic or Hindi?
As a speaker of 10 languages I know the benefits of speaking more than one language. We simply have to change the way we go about teaching languages. To start with we need to dispel seven common misconceptions about language learning.
[Photo/Pexels]
1. Language learning is difficult
It is only difficult to learn a language if you don’t want to. Learning a language takes time, but is not difficult. You mostly need to listen and read. Believe me, it is that simple. I have done it many times. Soon you feel the satisfaction of understanding another language. Before you know it you start speaking. It is the way languages are usually taught that makes language learning hard to like.
2. You have to have a gift for learning languages
No you don’t. Anyone who wants to, can learn. In Sweden and Holland most people speak more than one language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages. Foreign athletes in North America usually learn to speak English faster than people in more formal learning environments. In language learning it is attitude, not aptitude, that determines success.
3. You have to live where the language is spoken
Some immigrants to North America never learn to speak more than halting English. Yet we meet people in other countries who speak flawless English. In 1968, I learned to speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hong Kong, where few people spoke it. With the Internet, language content is available to anyone with a computer, and you can download it to your iPod and listen. Where you live is not an obstacle.
4. Only children can learn to speak another language well
Recent brain research has demonstrated that our brains remain plastic well into old age. Adults who lose their eyesight have to learn a new language, braille, for example. Adults have a wide vocabulary in their own language and are better language learners than children. I have learned 4 languages since the age of 55. Adults only need the child’s willingness to experiment and desire to communicate, without the fear of ridicule.
5. To learn a language you need formal classroom instruction
This is the crux of the problem. Classrooms may be economical to run and a great place to meet others. They have the weight of history and tradition behind them. Unfortunately, a classroom is an inefficient place to learn a language. The more students in the class, the more inefficient it is. Languages cannot be taught, they can only be learned.Theoretical grammatical explanations are hard to understand, hard to remember, and even harder to use. Drills and exercises are annoying to most people. A majority of school kids graduate unable to communicate in languages that they study for 10 or more years.
6. You need to speak in order to learn (and I have nobody to speak to)
Speaking the language is usually the goal of language learning, but speaking can wait. Once you have acquired the language, you will find the opportunity to speak. When you are learning the language it is more important to listen. Trying to just pick up a few “handy” phrases to say is likely to just get you into trouble. If you meet a native speaker, you will inevitably spend most of your time listening unless you already know the language. You do not need to speak in order to learn, you need to learn in order to speak.
7. I would love to learn but I don’t have the time
How about the time you spend waiting in line, commuting, doing things around the house, going for a walk? Why not use that time to listen to a language on your iPod? Once you get started, even 10 or 15 minutes a day will soon grow to 30 minutes a day, or one hour. If you believe you will achieve significant results, and if you enjoy doing it, as I do, you will find the time. | 学外语到底难不难？不如来听听一个会讲10种语言的人现身说法。
世界上的语言超过6000种，其中有些更重要些，有些则不是很重要。这不是说那些重要的就是更好的或者更高级的语言，而是因为使用者更多、分布也更广。芬兰语对芬兰人很重要，毛利语对毛利人也很重要，但对于其他人来说就不那么重要了。
汉语普通话的使用者有十多亿，而且日语、韩语、越南语中有60%的词汇都来源于汉语，掌握了汉语，学习这些语言会容易许多，这是我的亲身体验。中国文化——包括艺术、哲学、技术、饮食、医药以及表演艺术等——几千年来不断影响着世界，如今中国经济又日益强大，所以汉语是值得好好学习的。
西班牙语、法语、意大利语和葡萄牙语其实就是一种语言的不同方言。学会了一种，就能学会其他几种。我就是这样。如果你学会了西班牙语，你就打开了一扇通向8亿人的大门，包括他们的文化、音乐、历史，以及同他们做生意的机会。这些人分布在60多个国家，包括美国和加拿大。
如果抱负够大，你可以尝试一下俄语。过去的两年里，我自己就在学习这门语言。一旦学会了俄语，不仅可以和俄国人交流，甚至可以和其他斯拉夫语系的人沟通。
不过你先别激动，让我们先看看语言教学的现状再说。根据一项加拿大的调查，在课堂上日复一日地学了12年法语后，每147名中学毕业生中只有一名能达到中等熟练水平，比例是0.68%。根据另一项针对美国入境移民的调查，课堂英语教学对他们的英语水平几乎没有什么提高。
如果我们在自己的国家教自己的官方语言都如此失败，那我们还怎能教别人学会汉语、西班牙语等其他语言呢？更别说俄语、阿拉伯语和印度语了！
我能说10种语言，我知道会说外语的好处。我们需要做的是改变传统的语言教学方式。首先，我们要破除关于语言学习的7个错误观念。
外语很难学
如果你不想学，那外语的确很难学。学语言要花时间，但并不难。你要做的主要就是听和读。相信我，就这么简单，我就是这么学的。只要不断地听和读，很快就能理解你所学的外语了，而且不知不觉中你就会说了。之所以很多人不喜欢外语学习，是因为我们的教法不对。
学语言必须要有天赋
不对。不管是谁，只要想学，就能学会。在荷兰和瑞典，很多人都会一种以上的语言。他们不可能都有语言天赋。北美的外国运动员学会说英语的速度往往快于那些在正规的教学环境中学习英语的人。学习外语，重要的是态度，而不是能力。
必须住在英语国家才能学会英语
实际上，一些来到北美的移民直到最后也只会说磕磕巴巴的英语。但在其他国家生活的一些人却能把英语说得很流利。1968年我住在香港时学会了流利的普通话，虽然那里几乎没人说普通话。现在有了互联网，只要有台电脑，任何人都可以接触到语言材料，还可以下载到你的ipod里听。所以，住在哪里已经不是障碍了。
只有孩子才能学好外语
最近的研究表明，人类大脑的可塑性能一直保持到老年。很多成年人在失明后能学会盲文就是一个例子。成年人掌握了大量的本族语词汇，学外语比儿童更有优势。拿我自己来说，从55岁开始，我已经学会了4种语言。成年人需要做的只是像孩子那样乐于尝试，渴望交流，并且不怕被嘲笑。
只有通过正规的课堂教学才能学会外语
这是问题的关键。课堂教学比较经济，通过课堂学习还可以结交很多人，而且这种教学方式历史悠久，已经成为传统。但对语言学习来说，这却是一种低效的方式，而且班里的的人数越多，就越低效。语言不是教会的，而是学会的。语法讲解让人难以理解，难以记住，更难以运用，而句型练习和课后练习则枯燥无味、令人生厌。结果是，很多学生在学习了10年甚至更长时间的外语后，还是不能用它进行交际。
必须通过说才能学会外语，（没人跟我说，所以我学不会）
能说外语一般是外语学习的目标，但“说外语”可以先等一等。一旦你学会了一门外语，自然会有说的机会。但在这之前，更重要的是听，而不是说。记住几个常用的句子然后就去说往往会让你陷入麻烦。如果你遇到一个外国人，你将主要是听对方说，这是难免的事，除非你已经学会了对方的语言。总之，不必为了学而去刻意说外语，而应该为了会说去学外语。
我很想学外语，但没时间
那么在排队、坐车、做家务或者散步的时候你有时间吗？为什么不在这些时候用你的ipod听听外语呢？开始的时候，即便你每天只能听10或15分钟也没关系，不久后你自然就能延长到30分钟甚至一个小时。只要有信心，你就能获得巨大的进步，只要你喜欢这样做——像我这样，你自然就能够找到学习的时间。
（来源：沪江英语 编辑：丹妮） |
关上灯，爬上床，拿起手机，美好的夜生活仿佛才刚刚开始……
你是不是也常常边刷手机边感叹：网上有意思的内容也太多了吧！但是你有没有发现，当你一心盯着手机看时，就会忘记了眨眼。
[Photo/Pexels]
Researchers have found high levels of looking at a phone or tablet is linked with around a 30 percent higher risk of short-sightedness, also known as myopia. But when it is combined with excessive computer use, that risk rose to around 80 percent.
研究人员发现，长时间盯着手机或平板电脑会使患近视的风险增加约30%。但如果再加上过度使用电脑，这种风险将上升到80%左右。
一不小心，干眼症上门！
正常状况下，眼睛一分钟眨15次左右，但如果一直盯着东西看，一分钟可能只眨5次。眨眼次数变少，泪水也更容易蒸发，这时，干眼症就有可能找上门来啦！
所以，建议大家玩手机每天最好别超过三小时，使用手机超过30分钟就要休息一下哦！
躺玩手机，眼压真会升高？
睡前躺着玩手机是一天中最放松的事情了，但是你知道吗，这个操作对眼睛的危害可不是一点半点呀……
躺着玩手机时，手机距离眼睛眼睛通常会很近，那么距离低于40厘米时，人的眼睛肌肉就会高度紧张，一天的疲劳是消失了，可视疲劳却产生了，听起来是不是有种吃了大亏的感jio？
如果你经常躺着玩手机，还有眼睛肿痛、视物模糊、头晕脑涨等症状，可要当心自己是不是属于高眼压潜在人群了！
建议看手机、看平板的距离也要和小时候老师提醒我们的看书距离一样，也就是相距一尺（33厘米）远哦！
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end causes focusing fatigue. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” – looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20ft away for at least 20 seconds.
连续数小时盯着屏幕会导致聚焦性眼疲劳。为了避免这一点，很多眼科专家推荐“20-20-20规则”，也就是每20分钟让眼睛离开手机或电脑屏幕，盯着20英尺（约合6.1米）外的物体看至少20秒。
侧躺看屏，度数快速加深！
有没有同学两边眼睛近视度数不一样，甚至还相差很多的？
侧躺看手机可能就是大家近视度数不同的诱因之一哦～侧躺时，我们双眼用眼很不平均，久而久之会导致左右眼视力不一致。
成年人长时间侧躺玩手机，还可能造成睫状肌痉挛，引起短时间度数加深。不要以为自己成年了，近视度数就不会再加深了，太天真啦！
Smartphone blindness happens when people lie on their side at night, with one eye against the pillow and the other staring at the smartphone screen.
人们晚上侧躺着看手机，一只眼靠着枕头，另一只眼盯着手机屏幕的时候会出现“智能手机眼盲症”。
While one eye adjusts to the dark, the other eye gets used to the bright light of the high-resolution screen.
一只眼（靠着枕头的那只）适应了黑暗的环境，而另一只眼（看手机的那只）则适应了高分辨率屏幕发出的亮光。
所以，大家玩手机时尽量要秉持“能坐不躺”原则哦，玩时坐起来，别躺卧啦！
关灯后玩手机，青光眼……
昏暗光线下看东西，会造成瞳孔长时间散大，堵塞眼内液体循环流通，青光眼就来了！
不仅如此，晚上熬夜长时间盯着电子屏幕，还容易患上结膜结石，但这主要发生在有沙眼、慢性结膜炎等慢性眼病的人身上。
所以，建议大家晚上关灯看手机或者电视时，一般最好不要超过一个小时的时间。如果晚上想玩手机，还是开着灯吧！
Most monitors let you adjust the color temperature manually. It's best to use a warmer (yellowish) color temperature in dark rooms and a colder (bluer) color temperature in bright rooms.
大多数显示器可以手动调节色调。最好在黑暗的房间里使用偏暖色调（偏黄），在明亮的房间里使用偏冷色调（偏蓝）。
眼睛是很脆弱的，特别是每天坐在电脑面前码字、敲代码的同学，更要注重对眼睛的保护哦，希望各位都能拥有一个令人羡慕的好视力！
编辑：侯淑媛
实习生：杨鸿杰 | [Photo/Pexels]
Researchers have found high levels of looking at a phone or tablet is linked with around a 30 percent higher risk of short-sightedness, also known as myopia. But when it is combined with excessive computer use, that risk rose to around 80 percent.
Staring at a screen continuously for hours on end causes focusing fatigue. To avoid this, many eye experts recommend the “20-20-20 rule” – looking away from your phone/computer screen every 20 minutes and focusing on an object at least 20ft away for at least 20 seconds.
Smartphone blindness happens when people lie on their side at night, with one eye against the pillow and the other staring at the smartphone screen.
While one eye adjusts to the dark, the other eye gets used to the bright light of the high-resolution screen.
Most monitors let you adjust the color temperature manually. It's best to use a warmer (yellowish) color temperature in dark rooms and a colder (bluer) color temperature in bright rooms. | 关上灯，爬上床，拿起手机，美好的夜生活仿佛才刚刚开始……
你是不是也常常边刷手机边感叹：网上有意思的内容也太多了吧！但是你有没有发现，当你一心盯着手机看时，就会忘记了眨眼。
研究人员发现，长时间盯着手机或平板电脑会使患近视的风险增加约30%。但如果再加上过度使用电脑，这种风险将上升到80%左右。
一不小心，干眼症上门！
正常状况下，眼睛一分钟眨15次左右，但如果一直盯着东西看，一分钟可能只眨5次。眨眼次数变少，泪水也更容易蒸发，这时，干眼症就有可能找上门来啦！
所以，建议大家玩手机每天最好别超过三小时，使用手机超过30分钟就要休息一下哦！
躺玩手机，眼压真会升高？
睡前躺着玩手机是一天中最放松的事情了，但是你知道吗，这个操作对眼睛的危害可不是一点半点呀……
躺着玩手机时，手机距离眼睛眼睛通常会很近，那么距离低于40厘米时，人的眼睛肌肉就会高度紧张，一天的疲劳是消失了，可视疲劳却产生了，听起来是不是有种吃了大亏的感jio？
如果你经常躺着玩手机，还有眼睛肿痛、视物模糊、头晕脑涨等症状，可要当心自己是不是属于高眼压潜在人群了！
建议看手机、看平板的距离也要和小时候老师提醒我们的看书距离一样，也就是相距一尺（33厘米）远哦！
连续数小时盯着屏幕会导致聚焦性眼疲劳。为了避免这一点，很多眼科专家推荐“20-20-20规则”，也就是每20分钟让眼睛离开手机或电脑屏幕，盯着20英尺（约合6.1米）外的物体看至少20秒。
侧躺看屏，度数快速加深！
有没有同学两边眼睛近视度数不一样，甚至还相差很多的？
侧躺看手机可能就是大家近视度数不同的诱因之一哦～侧躺时，我们双眼用眼很不平均，久而久之会导致左右眼视力不一致。
成年人长时间侧躺玩手机，还可能造成睫状肌痉挛，引起短时间度数加深。不要以为自己成年了，近视度数就不会再加深了，太天真啦！
人们晚上侧躺着看手机，一只眼靠着枕头，另一只眼盯着手机屏幕的时候会出现“智能手机眼盲症”。
一只眼（靠着枕头的那只）适应了黑暗的环境，而另一只眼（看手机的那只）则适应了高分辨率屏幕发出的亮光。
所以，大家玩手机时尽量要秉持“能坐不躺”原则哦，玩时坐起来，别躺卧啦！
关灯后玩手机，青光眼……
昏暗光线下看东西，会造成瞳孔长时间散大，堵塞眼内液体循环流通，青光眼就来了！
不仅如此，晚上熬夜长时间盯着电子屏幕，还容易患上结膜结石，但这主要发生在有沙眼、慢性结膜炎等慢性眼病的人身上。
所以，建议大家晚上关灯看手机或者电视时，一般最好不要超过一个小时的时间。如果晚上想玩手机，还是开着灯吧！
大多数显示器可以手动调节色调。最好在黑暗的房间里使用偏暖色调（偏黄），在明亮的房间里使用偏冷色调（偏蓝）。
眼睛是很脆弱的，特别是每天坐在电脑面前码字、敲代码的同学，更要注重对眼睛的保护哦，希望各位都能拥有一个令人羡慕的好视力！
编辑：侯淑媛
实习生：杨鸿杰 |
伴随着辞职人数的上升，美国的“用工荒”越发严重，雇主们不得不绞尽脑汁留住现有人才。为了留住业务骨干的心，美国的公司们纷纷开展“劝留”面谈。
[Photo/Pexels]
Americans are walking away from their jobs in record numbers as remote work has uncoupled jobs from geography, and droves of employees are re-evaluating the relationships they have with their employers.
自从远程工作让员工摆脱了地域限制，美国的离职人数创下了历史新高，这迫使许多员工开始重新评估他们和雇主之间的关系。
To keep workers happy and on the job, more companies are turning to “stay interviews,” one-on-one meetings with top performers to give those key people the chance to talk about what works, and what doesn’t work, about their current jobs.
为了让员工快乐地留下来工作，越来越多的公司开始进行“劝留面谈”，与业绩最突出的员工进行一对一会面，让这些业务骨干有机会谈一谈现在工作中哪些方面是有成效的，哪些是行不通的。
"This has become an extremely popular topic ... to try and help retain employees as much as possible,” said Robyn Hopper, a human resources knowledge adviser for the Society for Human Resource Management. Managers who conduct stay interviews are coached to ask workers open-ended questions about what they like most about their jobs, what they dislike and under what events or circumstances they might leave.
美国人力资源管理学会的人力资源知识顾问罗宾·霍珀称：“尽可能让员工留下来……这已经成为非常热门的一个话题。”开展劝留面谈的主管人员会按照培训内容询问员工一些开放式问题，比如这份工作让他们最喜欢的是什么，他们不喜欢什么，以及在什么情境下他们会离职。
Scott Bonneau, the vice president of global talent attraction at Indeed.com, said: “Employers, particularly in certain sectors, are seeing people leave at a faster rate. I think stay interviews can be quite effective. ... It promotes and fosters trust and open communication.”
招聘网站Indeed全球人才吸引部副主席斯科特·博诺说：“雇主们，尤其是特定行业的雇主，发现人们的离职速度加快了。我认为劝留面谈可以有效地增进信任和敞开心扉的交流。”
Sometimes workers switch jobs in pursuit of higher salaries, but recruiters say a significant factor is the higher expectations of job candidates today when it comes to feeling seen and supported by their bosses. “People don’t leave companies. People leave managers,” said Dave Carvajal, the CEO of Dave Partners, a tech industry recruiting firm.
有时候员工跳槽是为了追求更高的薪酬，但是招聘人员指出了另一个重要因素，那就是现在求职者对于得到老板重视和支持的期待更高了。技术行业招聘公司Dave Partners的首席执行官戴夫·卡瓦哈尔说：“人们离开的不是公司，而是主管。”
Other departures are spurred by chances to have more flexible hours, remote work or professional development opportunities.
其他离职原因包括想获得更多弹性工作时间、希望远程工作或谋求职业发展机会。
While experts say stay interviews can be a valuable tool to retain top employees, there is one big caveat: Bosses have to actually follow through on the feedback they solicit.
尽管专家表示，劝留面谈是留住优秀员工的有效工具，但要郑重警告的是，面谈中听到的反馈意见，老板必须跟踪落实。
"At the end of the day, you can promise the best things in the world, but if you can’t execute and deliver, people will tend to look elsewhere,” said Thomas Wu, who recently took a job as the director of finance at an NFT startup.
最近刚入职NFT初创企业担任金融部主管的托马斯·吴表示：“你可以做出最美好的承诺，但如果到头来你无法履行和兑现，人们还是会离职。”
Carvajal said small businesses, which struggle to compete with huge companies in salaries and benefits, have more at stake and tend to use processes like stay interviews more frequently.
卡瓦哈尔说，那些薪酬和福利竞争不过大企业的小公司人才流失风险更高，因此小公司往往会更频繁地开展劝留面谈。
Bonneau added, however, that workers who want to stay with their current employers should be honest about their perspectives if they are asked to participate in stay interviews.
不过，博诺补充道，那些想继续跟着现任雇主干的员工如果被邀请参加劝留面谈，应该坦诚地说出自己的看法。
"If there are things you’ve wanted to get off your chest or things you would really like to see changed ... if your employer is going to the trouble of doing this in good faith, this is your opportunity to say those things,” he said.
他说：“如果你有什么想说的，或者你希望有所改变的，只要你的雇主是真心诚意想为员工排忧解难，这就是你坦诚相告的机会。”
英文来源：美国国家广播公司新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Americans are walking away from their jobs in record numbers as remote work has uncoupled jobs from geography, and droves of employees are re-evaluating the relationships they have with their employers.
To keep workers happy and on the job, more companies are turning to “stay interviews,” one-on-one meetings with top performers to give those key people the chance to talk about what works, and what doesn’t work, about their current jobs.
"This has become an extremely popular topic ... to try and help retain employees as much as possible,” said Robyn Hopper, a human resources knowledge adviser for the Society for Human Resource Management. Managers who conduct stay interviews are coached to ask workers open-ended questions about what they like most about their jobs, what they dislike and under what events or circumstances they might leave.
Scott Bonneau, the vice president of global talent attraction at Indeed.com, said: “Employers, particularly in certain sectors, are seeing people leave at a faster rate. I think stay interviews can be quite effective. ... It promotes and fosters trust and open communication.”
Sometimes workers switch jobs in pursuit of higher salaries, but recruiters say a significant factor is the higher expectations of job candidates today when it comes to feeling seen and supported by their bosses. “People don’t leave companies. People leave managers,” said Dave Carvajal, the CEO of Dave Partners, a tech industry recruiting firm.
Other departures are spurred by chances to have more flexible hours, remote work or professional development opportunities.
While experts say stay interviews can be a valuable tool to retain top employees, there is one big caveat: Bosses have to actually follow through on the feedback they solicit.
"At the end of the day, you can promise the best things in the world, but if you can’t execute and deliver, people will tend to look elsewhere,” said Thomas Wu, who recently took a job as the director of finance at an NFT startup.
Carvajal said small businesses, which struggle to compete with huge companies in salaries and benefits, have more at stake and tend to use processes like stay interviews more frequently.
Bonneau added, however, that workers who want to stay with their current employers should be honest about their perspectives if they are asked to participate in stay interviews.
"If there are things you’ve wanted to get off your chest or things you would really like to see changed ... if your employer is going to the trouble of doing this in good faith, this is your opportunity to say those things,” he said. | 伴随着辞职人数的上升，美国的“用工荒”越发严重，雇主们不得不绞尽脑汁留住现有人才。为了留住业务骨干的心，美国的公司们纷纷开展“劝留”面谈。
自从远程工作让员工摆脱了地域限制，美国的离职人数创下了历史新高，这迫使许多员工开始重新评估他们和雇主之间的关系。
为了让员工快乐地留下来工作，越来越多的公司开始进行“劝留面谈”，与业绩最突出的员工进行一对一会面，让这些业务骨干有机会谈一谈现在工作中哪些方面是有成效的，哪些是行不通的。
美国人力资源管理学会的人力资源知识顾问罗宾·霍珀称：“尽可能让员工留下来……这已经成为非常热门的一个话题。”开展劝留面谈的主管人员会按照培训内容询问员工一些开放式问题，比如这份工作让他们最喜欢的是什么，他们不喜欢什么，以及在什么情境下他们会离职。
招聘网站Indeed全球人才吸引部副主席斯科特·博诺说：“雇主们，尤其是特定行业的雇主，发现人们的离职速度加快了。我认为劝留面谈可以有效地增进信任和敞开心扉的交流。”
有时候员工跳槽是为了追求更高的薪酬，但是招聘人员指出了另一个重要因素，那就是现在求职者对于得到老板重视和支持的期待更高了。技术行业招聘公司Dave Partners的首席执行官戴夫·卡瓦哈尔说：“人们离开的不是公司，而是主管。”
其他离职原因包括想获得更多弹性工作时间、希望远程工作或谋求职业发展机会。
尽管专家表示，劝留面谈是留住优秀员工的有效工具，但要郑重警告的是，面谈中听到的反馈意见，老板必须跟踪落实。
最近刚入职NFT初创企业担任金融部主管的托马斯·吴表示：“你可以做出最美好的承诺，但如果到头来你无法履行和兑现，人们还是会离职。”
卡瓦哈尔说，那些薪酬和福利竞争不过大企业的小公司人才流失风险更高，因此小公司往往会更频繁地开展劝留面谈。
不过，博诺补充道，那些想继续跟着现任雇主干的员工如果被邀请参加劝留面谈，应该坦诚地说出自己的看法。
他说：“如果你有什么想说的，或者你希望有所改变的，只要你的雇主是真心诚意想为员工排忧解难，这就是你坦诚相告的机会。”
英文来源：美国国家广播公司新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
据英国《卫报》报道，为了实现2025年成为无烟国家的目标，新西兰拟推出新法案，禁止下一代人口购买烟草。根据该法案，14岁以下的年轻人将永远不能在新西兰合法购买香烟。这一年龄限制将逐年提高，以扩大终身禁烟的人口比例。
[Photo/Pexels]
New Zealand has announced it will outlaw smoking for the next generation, so that those who are aged 14 and under today will never be legally able to buy tobacco.
新西兰宣布，将禁止下一代人吸烟，因此14岁以下人群将终身无法合法购买烟草。
New legislation means the legal smoking age will increase every year, to create a smoke-free generation of New Zealanders, associate health minister Dr Ayesha Verrall said on Thursday.
新西兰卫生部副部长阿伊莎·韦拉尔博士12月9日表示，新法案意味着合法吸烟年龄将逐年提高，以实现新西兰的无烟一代。
“This is a historic day for the health of our people,” she said.
她说：“这对新西兰人民的健康来说是具有历史意义的一天。”
The government announced the rising age alongside other measures to make smoking unaffordable and inaccessible, to try to reach its goal of making the country entirely smoke-free within the next four years. Other measures include reducing the legal amount of nicotine in tobacco products to very low levels, cutting down the shops where cigarettes could legally be sold, and increasing funding to addiction services. The new laws will not restrict vape sales.
新西兰政府宣布提高合法吸烟年龄，同时采取其他措施，让人们无力购买烟草且难以获得，以努力实现其在未来四年内全国彻底无烟的目标。新西兰政府的措施还包括将烟草产品中尼古丁的合法含量降低到极低水平，减少可以合法出售香烟的商店，以及增加戒烟服务拨款。这项新法规不会限制电子烟的销售。
Note：
Vape 电子烟
“We want to make sure young people never start smoking so we will make it an offence to sell or supply smoked tobacco products to new cohorts of youth. People aged 14 when the law comes into effect will never be able to legally purchase tobacco,” Verrall said.
韦拉尔称：“我们希望确保年轻人永远不会吸烟，因此我们将把向新生代年轻人出售或提供烟草制品定为犯罪行为。法律生效后，14岁以下人群将终身无法合法购买烟草。”
New Zealand’s daily smoking rates have been dropping over time – down to 11.6% in 2018, from 18% a decade earlier. But smoking rates for Māori and Pacifika were far higher – 29% for Māori and 18% for Pasifika. “If nothing changes, it would be decades till Māori smoking rates fall below 5%,” Verrall said. She said eradicating smoking in the next four years was within reach: “I believe it is. The issue is, though, if we don’t change what we’re doing, we won’t make it for Maori – and that’s [what] the plan is really focused on”.
从2011年的18%到2018年的11.6%，新西兰的每日吸烟率一直在下降。但毛利人和岛民的吸烟率要高得多，分别为29%和18%。韦拉尔说：“如果不做任何改变，将毛利人的吸烟率下降至5%以下将需要几十年的时间。”她说，在未来四年内全面无烟是可以实现的，“我相信我们可以做到。不过，问题是，如果我们不做出改变，就无法让毛利人实现这一目标——而这正是该法案真正关注的。”
Smoking has already been widely replaced by vaping among teenage New Zealanders, and is also attracting many young people who would never have taken up smoking – according to surveying of 19,000 high school students this year, nearly 20% were vaping daily or several times a day, the majority with high nicotine doses. That’s compared to 3% of those aged 15-17 who smoked daily in 2018, or 13% who smoked a decade earlier.
在新西兰青少年群体中，纸烟已经被电子烟广泛取代，电子烟也吸引了许多从未吸过烟的年轻人。根据今年对19000名高中生的调查，近20%的人每天至少吸一次电子烟。其中大多数人吸食的尼古丁剂量很高。相比之下，2018年，在15-17岁的人群中，每天吸纸烟的人为3%，2011年每天吸纸烟的人为13%。
Verrall said the legislation would be introduced in 2022, with the age limits coming in in 2023.
韦拉尔表示，该法案将于2022年出台，关于合法吸烟的年龄限制将于2023年实施。
来源：卫报
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Pexels]
New Zealand has announced it will outlaw smoking for the next generation, so that those who are aged 14 and under today will never be legally able to buy tobacco.
New legislation means the legal smoking age will increase every year, to create a smoke-free generation of New Zealanders, associate health minister Dr Ayesha Verrall said on Thursday.
“This is a historic day for the health of our people,” she said.
The government announced the rising age alongside other measures to make smoking unaffordable and inaccessible, to try to reach its goal of making the country entirely smoke-free within the next four years. Other measures include reducing the legal amount of nicotine in tobacco products to very low levels, cutting down the shops where cigarettes could legally be sold, and increasing funding to addiction services. The new laws will not restrict vape sales.
Note：
“We want to make sure young people never start smoking so we will make it an offence to sell or supply smoked tobacco products to new cohorts of youth. People aged 14 when the law comes into effect will never be able to legally purchase tobacco,” Verrall said.
Smoking has already been widely replaced by vaping among teenage New Zealanders, and is also attracting many young people who would never have taken up smoking – according to surveying of 19,000 high school students this year, nearly 20% were vaping daily or several times a day, the majority with high nicotine doses. That’s compared to 3% of those aged 15-17 who smoked daily in 2018, or 13% who smoked a decade earlier.
Verrall said the legislation would be introduced in 2022, with the age limits coming in in 2023. | 据英国《卫报》报道，为了实现2025年成为无烟国家的目标，新西兰拟推出新法案，禁止下一代人口购买烟草。根据该法案，14岁以下的年轻人将永远不能在新西兰合法购买香烟。这一年龄限制将逐年提高，以扩大终身禁烟的人口比例。
新西兰宣布，将禁止下一代人吸烟，因此14岁以下人群将终身无法合法购买烟草。
新西兰卫生部副部长阿伊莎·韦拉尔博士12月9日表示，新法案意味着合法吸烟年龄将逐年提高，以实现新西兰的无烟一代。
她说：“这对新西兰人民的健康来说是具有历史意义的一天。”
新西兰政府宣布提高合法吸烟年龄，同时采取其他措施，让人们无力购买烟草且难以获得，以努力实现其在未来四年内全国彻底无烟的目标。新西兰政府的措施还包括将烟草产品中尼古丁的合法含量降低到极低水平，减少可以合法出售香烟的商店，以及增加戒烟服务拨款。这项新法规不会限制电子烟的销售。
Vape 电子烟
韦拉尔称：“我们希望确保年轻人永远不会吸烟，因此我们将把向新生代年轻人出售或提供烟草制品定为犯罪行为。法律生效后，14岁以下人群将终身无法合法购买烟草。”
New Zealand’s daily smoking rates have been dropping over time – down to 11.6% in 2018, from 18% a decade earlier. But smoking rates for Māori and Pacifika were far higher – 29% for Māori and 18% for Pasifika. “If nothing changes, it would be decades till Māori smoking rates fall below 5%,” Verrall said. She said eradicating smoking in the next four years was within reach: “I believe it is. The issue is, though, if we don’t change what we’re doing, we won’t make it for Maori – and that’s [what] the plan is really focused on”.
从2011年的18%到2018年的11.6%，新西兰的每日吸烟率一直在下降。但毛利人和岛民的吸烟率要高得多，分别为29%和18%。韦拉尔说：“如果不做任何改变，将毛利人的吸烟率下降至5%以下将需要几十年的时间。”她说，在未来四年内全面无烟是可以实现的，“我相信我们可以做到。不过，问题是，如果我们不做出改变，就无法让毛利人实现这一目标——而这正是该法案真正关注的。”
在新西兰青少年群体中，纸烟已经被电子烟广泛取代，电子烟也吸引了许多从未吸过烟的年轻人。根据今年对19000名高中生的调查，近20%的人每天至少吸一次电子烟。其中大多数人吸食的尼古丁剂量很高。相比之下，2018年，在15-17岁的人群中，每天吸纸烟的人为3%，2011年每天吸纸烟的人为13%。
韦拉尔表示，该法案将于2022年出台，关于合法吸烟的年龄限制将于2023年实施。
来源：卫报
编辑：董静 |
经过精心筹备
美国即将召开民主峰会
After careful preparation, the US is going to hold its
“Summit for Democracy”.
美国铁了心
要给全世界推销美式民主
也不管自己这罐可乐
是否符合别国的口味
It seems that the Biden administration is determined to promote
US-style
democracy to
other countries
, regardless of whether
they want it or not.
这就有点讽刺了
对内
美国民主还不是金钱游戏
比拼谁更有钞能力？
Everyone knows American democracy is a game of money,
在“民主”的盛宴里
美国权贵在扩大自己的财富
美国民众却在受苦
in which the privileged class expand their fortune while ordinary
people suffer.
这种“民主”表面光鲜
内部早已破破烂烂
American democracy is like a house that is well decorated outside,
but built with rotten timber.
对外
美国推销“民主”不遗余力
但在全球都遇到很多问题
In order to promote American
democracy to the world,
美国大兵带枪推销“民主”
却毁了多少人的家园
让当地百姓受苦
the US government has never hesitated in sending
in
troops.
最终在一地鸡毛中
美军灰溜溜撤退
却给当地人埋下冲突的雷
They
have
caused trouble everywhere, then left, leaving problems
unsolved.
现在开“民主峰会”
是为了打压别的国家
抢夺“民主”话语权
脸皮之厚令人惊叹
Now they hold the summit in order to monopolize
the definition of “democracy”, in a shameless way.
美国政客需要明白
各国有自己适合的民主形式
切不可削足适履
US politicians need to know that American
democracy cannot suit the whole world;
美国民主自身表现一般
不是民主优等生更不是教师爷
有必要操好自己的心
别再指导别国
Especially, with their own bad performance, it is time they stopped
preaching..
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | After careful preparation, the US is going to hold its
“Summit for Democracy”.
It seems that the Biden administration is determined to promote
US-style
democracy to
other countries
, regardless of whether
they want it or not.
Everyone knows American democracy is a game of money,
in which the privileged class expand their fortune while ordinary
people suffer.
American democracy is like a house that is well decorated outside,
but built with rotten timber.
In order to promote American
democracy to the world,
the US government has never hesitated in sending
in
troops.
They
have
caused trouble everywhere, then left, leaving problems
unsolved.
Now they hold the summit in order to monopolize
the definition of “democracy”, in a shameless way.
US politicians need to know that American
democracy cannot suit the whole world;
Especially, with their own bad performance, it is time they stopped
preaching.. | 经过精心筹备
美国即将召开民主峰会
美国铁了心
要给全世界推销美式民主
也不管自己这罐可乐
是否符合别国的口味
这就有点讽刺了
对内
美国民主还不是金钱游戏
比拼谁更有钞能力？
在“民主”的盛宴里
美国权贵在扩大自己的财富
美国民众却在受苦
这种“民主”表面光鲜
内部早已破破烂烂
对外
美国推销“民主”不遗余力
但在全球都遇到很多问题
美国大兵带枪推销“民主”
却毁了多少人的家园
让当地百姓受苦
最终在一地鸡毛中
美军灰溜溜撤退
却给当地人埋下冲突的雷
现在开“民主峰会”
是为了打压别的国家
抢夺“民主”话语权
脸皮之厚令人惊叹
美国政客需要明白
各国有自己适合的民主形式
切不可削足适履
美国民主自身表现一般
不是民主优等生更不是教师爷
有必要操好自己的心
别再指导别国
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
潘通日前发布了2022年的代表色彩，这是一种用宁静蓝和活力红调制而成的新颜色，潘通将其称为“仙女紫”。这是潘通首次选用新颜色作为年度色彩，旨在传递强烈的新感觉。
The periwinkle shade is a brand new edition to Pantone's color libray. Credit: Courtesy of Pantone Color Institute
While many of us will spend the final days of 2021 reflecting on its whirlwind events, global color authority Pantone has already been busy looking ahead -- to decide on the shade that will best encapsulate 2022.
2021年到了尾声，许多人都在回顾过去一年接踵而至的纷繁事件，全球色彩权威机构潘通却早已开始展望未来，决定出最能代表2022年的颜色。
On Wednesday it unveiled Very Peri, a periwinkle hue that the company says combines the steady tranquility of blue with an energetic infusion of red. It's the first time the company has manufactured a color instead of delving into their pre-existing archive.
12月8日，潘通发布了2022年度色彩，仙女紫。据称这种长春花紫色是将宁静蓝和活力红混合而成。这是潘通首次选用自己调制的新颜色，而非像以往那样选用色库里已有的颜色。
"It was really important for us to come up with a new color, because we have a very new vision of the world now," said Pantone Color Institute's Executive Director Leatrice Eiseman in a video call.
潘通色彩研究所的执行总监丽特里斯·艾斯曼在视频会议中讲道：“选用新颜色作为年度色彩对我们来说真的很重要，因为我们现在对世界的看法已经焕然一新。”
"It is literally the happiest and the warmest of all the blue hues," she added, describing the shade. "Because of that red undertone, it introduces an empowering feeling of newness, and newness is what we're looking for."
她在描述这一颜色时说道：“这是所有蓝色调中最快乐也最温暖的颜色。加入的红色给人带来一种强烈的新感觉，而这种新感觉正是我们要寻找的。”
The pandemic has heavily impacted how we normally live and work -- posing obstacles that have forced people to think outside the box.
疫情深深影响了人们正常的生活和工作方式，也带来了重重阻碍，这迫使人们跳出固有思维模式。
"We've gone through so many challenges over this time, we don't know what's going to pop up from one day to the next," said Pantone's vice president Laurie Pressman, who was also on the call. "It's curiosity that's helping people to get through these difficult times. What we would call courageous creativity."
潘通色彩研究所副所长劳里·普雷斯曼在视频会议中说：“这段时间我们经历了这么多挑战，我们不知道明天还会发生什么事。正是好奇心帮助人们度过了这些艰难时刻，或者可以称之为勇敢的创造力。”
"The color symbolizes the future," Eiseman adds. "(It) has that sprightly, joyous attitude that we're talking about, that carefree confidence, and creative spirit."
艾斯曼补充道：“这一颜色象征着未来。它包含着我们谈论的那种活泼欢乐的态度，那种无忧无虑的自信，还有创新精神。”
The color authority have partnered with Microsoft and will be rolling out the color accross various applications. Credit: Courtesy of Pantone Color Institute
Each year, Pantone attempts to interpret the zeitgeist through the lens of color theory -- mining the likes of fashion, design and interiors for clues.
每一年，潘通都试图通过颜色理论来解读时代精神，从时尚、设计和室内装修等各个领域去找寻线索。
And it's no stranger to making unconventional picks: In 2016, the company chose a gradient made out of two shades, Rose Quartz and Serenity, to reflect a year defined by shifting gender politics. In 2020, not one but two colors -- Ultimate Gray and Illuminating (a vibrant yellow) -- were selected to capture both the resilience and optimism shown during the first year of the pandemic.
在挑选年度色彩方面，潘通惯于打破常规。2016年，潘通选择了水晶粉和宁静蓝两种色彩的渐变组合来反映性别政治变迁的一年。2020年，潘通选择了两种颜色——极致灰和荧光黄——来表达人们在疫情第一年所展现出的坚韧和乐观。
The annual task of forecasting the color that will best reflect the year ahead has been a more than 20-year endeavor, beginning as a desire to cultivate conversations around the power of color, says Eiseman.
潘通每年都要选出最能代表下一个年度的色彩，艾斯曼指出，这项已经持续了20多年的任务最初是为了引发人们关于色彩力量的对话。
"We first did color of the year to get people talking about (the role of) color," she said. "And once you get them talking about it, you then create a buzz and the realization hits them: color is such an integral part of our everyday lives, but we take it for granted."
她说：“最初我们发布年度色彩是为了让人们谈论颜色的作用。一旦讨论开始，就会产生热度，然后人们会意识到，颜色是我们日常生活中如此不可缺少的一部分，但我们却往往视而不见。”
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | The periwinkle shade is a brand new edition to Pantone's color libray. Credit: Courtesy of Pantone Color Institute
While many of us will spend the final days of 2021 reflecting on its whirlwind events, global color authority Pantone has already been busy looking ahead -- to decide on the shade that will best encapsulate 2022.
On Wednesday it unveiled Very Peri, a periwinkle hue that the company says combines the steady tranquility of blue with an energetic infusion of red. It's the first time the company has manufactured a color instead of delving into their pre-existing archive.
"It was really important for us to come up with a new color, because we have a very new vision of the world now," said Pantone Color Institute's Executive Director Leatrice Eiseman in a video call.
"It is literally the happiest and the warmest of all the blue hues," she added, describing the shade. "Because of that red undertone, it introduces an empowering feeling of newness, and newness is what we're looking for."
The pandemic has heavily impacted how we normally live and work -- posing obstacles that have forced people to think outside the box.
"We've gone through so many challenges over this time, we don't know what's going to pop up from one day to the next," said Pantone's vice president Laurie Pressman, who was also on the call. "It's curiosity that's helping people to get through these difficult times. What we would call courageous creativity."
"The color symbolizes the future," Eiseman adds. "(It) has that sprightly, joyous attitude that we're talking about, that carefree confidence, and creative spirit."
The color authority have partnered with Microsoft and will be rolling out the color accross various applications. Credit: Courtesy of Pantone Color Institute
Each year, Pantone attempts to interpret the zeitgeist through the lens of color theory -- mining the likes of fashion, design and interiors for clues.
And it's no stranger to making unconventional picks: In 2016, the company chose a gradient made out of two shades, Rose Quartz and Serenity, to reflect a year defined by shifting gender politics. In 2020, not one but two colors -- Ultimate Gray and Illuminating (a vibrant yellow) -- were selected to capture both the resilience and optimism shown during the first year of the pandemic.
The annual task of forecasting the color that will best reflect the year ahead has been a more than 20-year endeavor, beginning as a desire to cultivate conversations around the power of color, says Eiseman.
"We first did color of the year to get people talking about (the role of) color," she said. "And once you get them talking about it, you then create a buzz and the realization hits them: color is such an integral part of our everyday lives, but we take it for granted." | 潘通日前发布了2022年的代表色彩，这是一种用宁静蓝和活力红调制而成的新颜色，潘通将其称为“仙女紫”。这是潘通首次选用新颜色作为年度色彩，旨在传递强烈的新感觉。
2021年到了尾声，许多人都在回顾过去一年接踵而至的纷繁事件，全球色彩权威机构潘通却早已开始展望未来，决定出最能代表2022年的颜色。
12月8日，潘通发布了2022年度色彩，仙女紫。据称这种长春花紫色是将宁静蓝和活力红混合而成。这是潘通首次选用自己调制的新颜色，而非像以往那样选用色库里已有的颜色。
潘通色彩研究所的执行总监丽特里斯·艾斯曼在视频会议中讲道：“选用新颜色作为年度色彩对我们来说真的很重要，因为我们现在对世界的看法已经焕然一新。”
她在描述这一颜色时说道：“这是所有蓝色调中最快乐也最温暖的颜色。加入的红色给人带来一种强烈的新感觉，而这种新感觉正是我们要寻找的。”
疫情深深影响了人们正常的生活和工作方式，也带来了重重阻碍，这迫使人们跳出固有思维模式。
潘通色彩研究所副所长劳里·普雷斯曼在视频会议中说：“这段时间我们经历了这么多挑战，我们不知道明天还会发生什么事。正是好奇心帮助人们度过了这些艰难时刻，或者可以称之为勇敢的创造力。”
艾斯曼补充道：“这一颜色象征着未来。它包含着我们谈论的那种活泼欢乐的态度，那种无忧无虑的自信，还有创新精神。”
每一年，潘通都试图通过颜色理论来解读时代精神，从时尚、设计和室内装修等各个领域去找寻线索。
在挑选年度色彩方面，潘通惯于打破常规。2016年，潘通选择了水晶粉和宁静蓝两种色彩的渐变组合来反映性别政治变迁的一年。2020年，潘通选择了两种颜色——极致灰和荧光黄——来表达人们在疫情第一年所展现出的坚韧和乐观。
潘通每年都要选出最能代表下一个年度的色彩，艾斯曼指出，这项已经持续了20多年的任务最初是为了引发人们关于色彩力量的对话。
她说：“最初我们发布年度色彩是为了让人们谈论颜色的作用。一旦讨论开始，就会产生热度，然后人们会意识到，颜色是我们日常生活中如此不可缺少的一部分，但我们却往往视而不见。”
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
日本前首相安倍晋三最近口出狂言
说“台湾有事就是日本有事”
矛头直接指向中国台湾
Former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe recently
uttered some wild talk
about Taiwan, implying that Japan might intervene in
China’s reunification.
日本投降76年来
始终有右翼政客
对军国主义念念不忘
妄图恢复他们曾经的“荣光”
Seventy-six years after its surrender at the end of World War II, some right-wing politicians in Japan still
glorify
its military past.
为此日本拼命抱大腿
让美国在自己国土上部署导弹
不顾本国陷入战火的危险
To fuel their militarist dreams
, the
US
has been allowed to install missiles in
Japan,
还和美国狼狈为奸
围绕中国海疆捣乱
试图掀起风浪滔天
and Tokyo is cooperating with
Washington to
try and cause
trouble
for
China.
有什么用呢
追随美国反华的日本
不还是被主子当成工具人？
Japan
is
like a satellite country of the US
.
美日干涉台湾问题再下劲
“一个中国”原则坚如磐石
岂容这些右翼政客撼动？
But no matter how hard
they try,
the anti-China politicians in the
US and Japanese right-wing politicians are unable to shake the one-China principle.
具体到安倍个人
在台上时就多次要修宪
When he was in office, Abe tried several times to amend
Japan’s
pacifist
Constitution,
引发国内外抗议
自己搞的灰头土脸
but he only
aroused protests and made himself a joke.
现在下台都一年多了
怎么还在搞事情
非要把日本拖入深渊？
Now, having resigned as PM for
more
than one year, Abe is still trying to harm his home country.
军国主义阴魂不散
只会拖累日本的发展
只有和这具僵尸一刀两断
日本才能有美好的明天
The
specter of
militarism will only drag Japan
into further difficulties. Only by getting rid of it can Japan embrace a brighter future.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | Former Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe recently
uttered some wild talk
about Taiwan, implying that Japan might intervene in
China’s reunification.
Seventy-six years after its surrender at the end of World War II, some right-wing politicians in Japan still
glorify
its military past.
To fuel their militarist dreams
, the
US
has been allowed to install missiles in
Japan,
and Tokyo is cooperating with
Washington to
try and cause
trouble
for
China.
Japan
is
like a satellite country of the US
.
But no matter how hard
they try,
the anti-China politicians in the
US and Japanese right-wing politicians are unable to shake the one-China principle.
When he was in office, Abe tried several times to amend
Japan’s
pacifist
Constitution,
but he only
aroused protests and made himself a joke.
Now, having resigned as PM for
more
than one year, Abe is still trying to harm his home country.
The
specter of
militarism will only drag Japan
into further difficulties. Only by getting rid of it can Japan embrace a brighter future. | 日本前首相安倍晋三最近口出狂言
说“台湾有事就是日本有事”
矛头直接指向中国台湾
日本投降76年来
始终有右翼政客
对军国主义念念不忘
妄图恢复他们曾经的“荣光”
为此日本拼命抱大腿
让美国在自己国土上部署导弹
不顾本国陷入战火的危险
还和美国狼狈为奸
围绕中国海疆捣乱
试图掀起风浪滔天
有什么用呢
追随美国反华的日本
不还是被主子当成工具人？
美日干涉台湾问题再下劲
“一个中国”原则坚如磐石
岂容这些右翼政客撼动？
具体到安倍个人
在台上时就多次要修宪
引发国内外抗议
自己搞的灰头土脸
现在下台都一年多了
怎么还在搞事情
非要把日本拖入深渊？
军国主义阴魂不散
只会拖累日本的发展
只有和这具僵尸一刀两断
日本才能有美好的明天
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
美国宾夕法尼亚大学的一项新研究表明，含有高水平血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）蛋白的口香糖可“捕获”新冠病毒，减少唾液中的病毒载量，并有可能抑制传播，成为一种低成本的抗疫“武器”。
按照研究人员的构想，患者咀嚼这种口香糖时，口香糖含有的ACE2蛋白能“捕获”唾液中的病毒，可以降低患者因说话、呼吸或咳嗽传播病毒的可能性。
[Photo/pexels]
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are working to create a special chewing gum that could help reduce the spread of COVID-19 by "trapping" the virus so a person can't transmit it to someone else.
宾夕法尼亚大学新冠病毒研究人员正在努力研制一种特殊口香糖，它可以通过“诱捕”新冠病毒阻止其感染他人，从而帮助抑制新冠疫情传播。
Experts agree that vaccinations are the best way to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, but it's also known that vaccinated people can still transmit the virus. The University of Pennsylvania researchers are hoping that their chewing gum will give people a low-cost way to further prevent COVID-19 from spreading.
专家们认为接种疫苗是抗击新冠的最佳手段，但众所周知，已经接种疫苗的人仍能传播病毒。宾夕法尼亚大学新冠研究者希望他们研发的口香糖能成为进一步控制疫情传播的低成本方法。
"This gum offers an opportunity to neutralize the virus in the saliva, giving us a simple way to possibly cut down on a source of disease transmission," Henry Daniell, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and leader of the research, told Penn Today.
宾大口腔医学学院教授亨利·丹尼尔是该研究的负责人，他告诉Penn Today网站：“这种口香糖可中和唾液中的病毒，为我们提供了一种可能减少疾病传播的简单方法。”
The gum contains plant-grown ACE2 proteins, which showed in laboratory studies to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus. When researchers exposed saliva samples from COVID-19 patients to the modified chewing gum, they found the levels of viral RNA were "drastically reduced" to the point that the virus was almost undetectable.
口香糖含有植物产生的血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）蛋白，实验室研究表明这种蛋白可以中和新冠病毒。研究人员让新冠患者的唾液样本与ACE2蛋白口香糖接触，发现病毒RNA的含量“急剧下降”到几乎检测不到的程度。
"Henry's approach of making the proteins in plants and using them orally is inexpensive, hopefully scalable; it really is clever," Ronald Collman, a virologist at Penn Medicine who is working on the research, told Penn Today.
宾夕法尼亚大学医学院病毒学家罗纳德·科尔曼在接受Penn Today采访时表示：“亨利从植物中提取ACE2蛋白并口服使用，这种方法成本低，有希望广泛推广，非常巧妙。”
The research is still in its early stages, and the researchers are working on getting permission to conduct a clinical trial in humans to determine if the gum is safe and effective. Should the gum work, Penn Today reported it could be used in situations where people need to be in close proximity to each other—such as a dental cleaning, for example—to reduce the risk of passing the virus to others.
这项研究仍处于早期阶段，研究人员正在争取进行人体临床试验的许可，以确定这种口香糖是否安全有效。Penn Today报道称，如果证实有效，该口香糖可以用于诸如洗牙等需要密切接触的情况，以降低病毒传播的风险。
"We are already using masks and other physical barriers to reduce the chance of transmission," Daniell said. "This gum could be used as an additional tool in that fight."
丹尼尔说：“我们已经在使用口罩和其他物理屏障来减少病毒传播的途径。这种口香糖可以作为我们额外的防疫武器。”
Before researchers can bring their chewing gum to market, they have to determine how much of it should be used per day, which will be based on how long it takes the virus to replicate. However, if it does prove to be an effective tool at combating coronavirus, Daniell told "hundreds of millions of chewing gum" could be produced within three months.
在研究人员将该口香糖推向市场之前，他们必须确定口香糖的每日用量，这取决于病毒复制所需的时间。丹尼尔表示，如果ACE2蛋白口香糖被证明确实能有效对抗新冠病毒，“数亿口香糖”可以在三个月内生产出来。
来源：Newsweek
编辑：董静 | [Photo/pexels]
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania are working to create a special chewing gum that could help reduce the spread of COVID-19 by "trapping" the virus so a person can't transmit it to someone else.
Experts agree that vaccinations are the best way to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, but it's also known that vaccinated people can still transmit the virus. The University of Pennsylvania researchers are hoping that their chewing gum will give people a low-cost way to further prevent COVID-19 from spreading.
"This gum offers an opportunity to neutralize the virus in the saliva, giving us a simple way to possibly cut down on a source of disease transmission," Henry Daniell, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine and leader of the research, told Penn Today.
The gum contains plant-grown ACE2 proteins, which showed in laboratory studies to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus. When researchers exposed saliva samples from COVID-19 patients to the modified chewing gum, they found the levels of viral RNA were "drastically reduced" to the point that the virus was almost undetectable.
"Henry's approach of making the proteins in plants and using them orally is inexpensive, hopefully scalable; it really is clever," Ronald Collman, a virologist at Penn Medicine who is working on the research, told Penn Today.
The research is still in its early stages, and the researchers are working on getting permission to conduct a clinical trial in humans to determine if the gum is safe and effective. Should the gum work, Penn Today reported it could be used in situations where people need to be in close proximity to each other—such as a dental cleaning, for example—to reduce the risk of passing the virus to others.
"We are already using masks and other physical barriers to reduce the chance of transmission," Daniell said. "This gum could be used as an additional tool in that fight."
Before researchers can bring their chewing gum to market, they have to determine how much of it should be used per day, which will be based on how long it takes the virus to replicate. However, if it does prove to be an effective tool at combating coronavirus, Daniell told "hundreds of millions of chewing gum" could be produced within three months. | 美国宾夕法尼亚大学的一项新研究表明，含有高水平血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）蛋白的口香糖可“捕获”新冠病毒，减少唾液中的病毒载量，并有可能抑制传播，成为一种低成本的抗疫“武器”。
按照研究人员的构想，患者咀嚼这种口香糖时，口香糖含有的ACE2蛋白能“捕获”唾液中的病毒，可以降低患者因说话、呼吸或咳嗽传播病毒的可能性。
宾夕法尼亚大学新冠病毒研究人员正在努力研制一种特殊口香糖，它可以通过“诱捕”新冠病毒阻止其感染他人，从而帮助抑制新冠疫情传播。
专家们认为接种疫苗是抗击新冠的最佳手段，但众所周知，已经接种疫苗的人仍能传播病毒。宾夕法尼亚大学新冠研究者希望他们研发的口香糖能成为进一步控制疫情传播的低成本方法。
宾大口腔医学学院教授亨利·丹尼尔是该研究的负责人，他告诉Penn Today网站：“这种口香糖可中和唾液中的病毒，为我们提供了一种可能减少疾病传播的简单方法。”
口香糖含有植物产生的血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）蛋白，实验室研究表明这种蛋白可以中和新冠病毒。研究人员让新冠患者的唾液样本与ACE2蛋白口香糖接触，发现病毒RNA的含量“急剧下降”到几乎检测不到的程度。
宾夕法尼亚大学医学院病毒学家罗纳德·科尔曼在接受Penn Today采访时表示：“亨利从植物中提取ACE2蛋白并口服使用，这种方法成本低，有希望广泛推广，非常巧妙。”
这项研究仍处于早期阶段，研究人员正在争取进行人体临床试验的许可，以确定这种口香糖是否安全有效。Penn Today报道称，如果证实有效，该口香糖可以用于诸如洗牙等需要密切接触的情况，以降低病毒传播的风险。
丹尼尔说：“我们已经在使用口罩和其他物理屏障来减少病毒传播的途径。这种口香糖可以作为我们额外的防疫武器。”
在研究人员将该口香糖推向市场之前，他们必须确定口香糖的每日用量，这取决于病毒复制所需的时间。丹尼尔表示，如果ACE2蛋白口香糖被证明确实能有效对抗新冠病毒，“数亿口香糖”可以在三个月内生产出来。
来源：Newsweek
编辑：董静 |
日前提交给美国联邦政府的一份新报告显示，美国人口虽只占全球的4.3%，但美国却是全球塑料垃圾的最大来源国，每年制造的塑料垃圾总量比整个欧盟的总和还要多。
[Photo/Pexels]
The US is the world’s biggest culprit in generating plastic waste and the country urgently needs a new strategy to curb the vast amount of plastic that ends up in the oceans, a new report submitted to the federal government has found.
一份提交给美国联邦政府的新报告发现，美国是全世界塑料垃圾的最大来源国。报告认为，美国亟需制定新战略来遏制污染海洋的大量塑料垃圾。
The advent of cheap, versatile plastics has created “a global scale deluge of plastic waste seemingly everywhere we look”, the report states, with the US a leading contributor of disposable plastics that ends up entangling and choking marine life, harming ecosystems and bringing harmful pollution up through the food chain.
报告指出，廉价又用途广泛的塑料造成“全球范围内随处可见塑料垃圾泛滥的景象”，其中一次性塑料制品会导致海洋生物被缠绕和窒息，危害生态系统、在食物链中向上传递有害污染，而美国则是“贡献”一次性塑料制品最多的国家。
Plastic waste has increased sharply in the US since 1960, with the country now generating about 42m metric tons of plastic waste a year, amounting to about 130kg of waste for every person in America. This total is more than all European Union member countries combined. The overall amount of municipal waste created in the US is also two to eight times greater than comparable countries around the world, the report found.
从上世纪60年代起，美国的塑料垃圾开始急剧增加。现在美国每年大约会产生4200万公吨塑料垃圾，这意味着每个美国人平均一年产生130千克塑料垃圾。美国一年产生的塑料垃圾总量比所有欧盟国家的垃圾总和加起来还要多。报告发现，与其他体量相当的国家相比，美国产生的城市垃圾总量也要多出2到8倍。
Recycling infrastructure has failed to keep pace with the huge growth in American plastic production. Littering, dumping and inefficient waste disposal in landfills has caused up to 2.2m tons of plastic – including everything from plastic bottles and straws to packaging – to “leak” into the environment each year. The total waste may be even greater than this due to data gaps in tracking it.
美国回收基础设施的处理能力已经跟不上美国塑料垃圾增长的速度。乱丢垃圾、垃圾倾倒和垃圾填埋场对垃圾的低效处理每年导致包括塑料瓶、塑料吸管和塑料包装在内的220万吨塑料垃圾“泄露”到环境中。由于追踪数据存在的漏洞，实际总量甚至可能比这个数字还要大。
Much of this plastic ends up, via rivers and streams, in the world’s oceans.
很多塑料垃圾最后都经由河流进入了世界各大海洋。
Worldwide, at least 8.8m tons of plastic waste enters the marine environment each year, the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck filled with plastic into the ocean every single minute. If current trends continue, scientists have estimated this total could leap to 53m tons annually by 2030, which is roughly half of the weight of all fish caught from the oceans globally each year.
在世界范围内，每年至少有880万吨塑料垃圾进入海洋环境，相当于每分钟就有一卡车的塑料垃圾倾倒进海洋。如果当前的这种趋势持续下去，科学家预计到2030年塑料垃圾总量每年将达到5300万吨，这大约相当于全球每年从海洋捕捞的所有鱼类重量的一半。
[Photo/Pexels]
"Plastic waste is an environmental and social crisis that the US needs to affirmatively address from source to sea,” said Margaret Spring, chief conservation and science officer at Monterey Bay Aquarium. Spring chaired a committee of experts who compiled the congressionally mandated report for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
蒙特利湾水族馆的首席环保科学官玛格丽特·斯普林说：“塑料垃圾是美国需要积极处理的一个环境和社会危机，涉及从源头到海洋各环节。”斯普林是编撰这一国会授权报告的专家委员会的领头人。该报告是为美国国家科学、工程和医学研究院撰写的。
The committee’s report recommends that a new national strategy is required by the end of next year to stem the flow of plastics into the ocean. The strategy, the report states, should aim to slash plastic production, particularly for plastics not reusable or recyclable, help promote alternative materials that can be reused and set better standards for waste collection and capture.
报告建议，美国明年年底前应出台一项新的国家战略来阻止塑料垃圾流入海洋。报告指出，这一战略的目标应该是大量减少塑料生产，尤其是不可再利用或不可回收的塑料，推进可重复利用替代材料的研发和生产，并为垃圾收集和捕获制定更高标准。
The US, along with many other developed countries, used to outsource its waste problem by shipping plastics to China but these imports were halted by the Chinese in 2018. This has led to an increase in plastic waste sent to other countries, such as Vietnam and Thailand, as well as “recycled” plastic being burned in domestic landfills unable to cope with the sheer volume of waste.
过去，美国和许多其他发达国家一样将塑料垃圾运到中国，通过这种方式将垃圾问题外包，然而中国从2018年开始停止进口“洋垃圾”。结果美国不得不将更多塑料垃圾运往越南、泰国等其他国家，或者将“回收的”塑料在无力处理海量垃圾的国内垃圾填埋场燃烧。
"There is an urgency to the issue because production is increasing, waste generation is increasing and therefore leakage impacts have the potential to increase too,” said Jenna Jambeck, a member of the scientific committee behind the report.
撰写报告的科学委员会成员詹娜·詹贝克说：“这个问题亟待解决，因为塑料生产一直在增加，产生的塑料垃圾也越来越多，垃圾泄露到环境中的影响也会因此加深。”
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
The US is the world’s biggest culprit in generating plastic waste and the country urgently needs a new strategy to curb the vast amount of plastic that ends up in the oceans, a new report submitted to the federal government has found.
The advent of cheap, versatile plastics has created “a global scale deluge of plastic waste seemingly everywhere we look”, the report states, with the US a leading contributor of disposable plastics that ends up entangling and choking marine life, harming ecosystems and bringing harmful pollution up through the food chain.
Plastic waste has increased sharply in the US since 1960, with the country now generating about 42m metric tons of plastic waste a year, amounting to about 130kg of waste for every person in America. This total is more than all European Union member countries combined. The overall amount of municipal waste created in the US is also two to eight times greater than comparable countries around the world, the report found.
Recycling infrastructure has failed to keep pace with the huge growth in American plastic production. Littering, dumping and inefficient waste disposal in landfills has caused up to 2.2m tons of plastic – including everything from plastic bottles and straws to packaging – to “leak” into the environment each year. The total waste may be even greater than this due to data gaps in tracking it.
Much of this plastic ends up, via rivers and streams, in the world’s oceans.
Worldwide, at least 8.8m tons of plastic waste enters the marine environment each year, the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck filled with plastic into the ocean every single minute. If current trends continue, scientists have estimated this total could leap to 53m tons annually by 2030, which is roughly half of the weight of all fish caught from the oceans globally each year.
[Photo/Pexels]
"Plastic waste is an environmental and social crisis that the US needs to affirmatively address from source to sea,” said Margaret Spring, chief conservation and science officer at Monterey Bay Aquarium. Spring chaired a committee of experts who compiled the congressionally mandated report for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
The committee’s report recommends that a new national strategy is required by the end of next year to stem the flow of plastics into the ocean. The strategy, the report states, should aim to slash plastic production, particularly for plastics not reusable or recyclable, help promote alternative materials that can be reused and set better standards for waste collection and capture.
The US, along with many other developed countries, used to outsource its waste problem by shipping plastics to China but these imports were halted by the Chinese in 2018. This has led to an increase in plastic waste sent to other countries, such as Vietnam and Thailand, as well as “recycled” plastic being burned in domestic landfills unable to cope with the sheer volume of waste.
"There is an urgency to the issue because production is increasing, waste generation is increasing and therefore leakage impacts have the potential to increase too,” said Jenna Jambeck, a member of the scientific committee behind the report. | 日前提交给美国联邦政府的一份新报告显示，美国人口虽只占全球的4.3%，但美国却是全球塑料垃圾的最大来源国，每年制造的塑料垃圾总量比整个欧盟的总和还要多。
一份提交给美国联邦政府的新报告发现，美国是全世界塑料垃圾的最大来源国。报告认为，美国亟需制定新战略来遏制污染海洋的大量塑料垃圾。
报告指出，廉价又用途广泛的塑料造成“全球范围内随处可见塑料垃圾泛滥的景象”，其中一次性塑料制品会导致海洋生物被缠绕和窒息，危害生态系统、在食物链中向上传递有害污染，而美国则是“贡献”一次性塑料制品最多的国家。
从上世纪60年代起，美国的塑料垃圾开始急剧增加。现在美国每年大约会产生4200万公吨塑料垃圾，这意味着每个美国人平均一年产生130千克塑料垃圾。美国一年产生的塑料垃圾总量比所有欧盟国家的垃圾总和加起来还要多。报告发现，与其他体量相当的国家相比，美国产生的城市垃圾总量也要多出2到8倍。
美国回收基础设施的处理能力已经跟不上美国塑料垃圾增长的速度。乱丢垃圾、垃圾倾倒和垃圾填埋场对垃圾的低效处理每年导致包括塑料瓶、塑料吸管和塑料包装在内的220万吨塑料垃圾“泄露”到环境中。由于追踪数据存在的漏洞，实际总量甚至可能比这个数字还要大。
很多塑料垃圾最后都经由河流进入了世界各大海洋。
在世界范围内，每年至少有880万吨塑料垃圾进入海洋环境，相当于每分钟就有一卡车的塑料垃圾倾倒进海洋。如果当前的这种趋势持续下去，科学家预计到2030年塑料垃圾总量每年将达到5300万吨，这大约相当于全球每年从海洋捕捞的所有鱼类重量的一半。
蒙特利湾水族馆的首席环保科学官玛格丽特·斯普林说：“塑料垃圾是美国需要积极处理的一个环境和社会危机，涉及从源头到海洋各环节。”斯普林是编撰这一国会授权报告的专家委员会的领头人。该报告是为美国国家科学、工程和医学研究院撰写的。
报告建议，美国明年年底前应出台一项新的国家战略来阻止塑料垃圾流入海洋。报告指出，这一战略的目标应该是大量减少塑料生产，尤其是不可再利用或不可回收的塑料，推进可重复利用替代材料的研发和生产，并为垃圾收集和捕获制定更高标准。
过去，美国和许多其他发达国家一样将塑料垃圾运到中国，通过这种方式将垃圾问题外包，然而中国从2018年开始停止进口“洋垃圾”。结果美国不得不将更多塑料垃圾运往越南、泰国等其他国家，或者将“回收的”塑料在无力处理海量垃圾的国内垃圾填埋场燃烧。
撰写报告的科学委员会成员詹娜·詹贝克说：“这个问题亟待解决，因为塑料生产一直在增加，产生的塑料垃圾也越来越多，垃圾泄露到环境中的影响也会因此加深。”
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
12月6日，在线英语词典网站Dictionary.com宣布“allyship”当选2021年度词汇，该网站表示，这是首个在被其收录同年就当选年度词汇的单词。你知道它的含义吗？
[Photo/Unsplash]
The online dictionary defines "allyship" as "the status or role of a person who advocates and actively works for the inclusion of a marginalized or politicized group in all areas of society, not as a member of that group but in solidarity with its struggle and point of view and under its leadership."
Dictionary.com网站将“allyship（同盟关系）”定义为“支持并积极致力于将某个边缘化群体或政治敏感群体融入社会各个领域的人的身份或角色，这些人不属于群体一员，但为群体的斗争和观点声援，并接受群体领导”。
This year, the word was increasingly used in reference to Black and LGBTQ people, Dictionary.com reported, as well as for parents working and handling child care during the pandemic, health care workers, teachers and airline employees.
据Dictionary.com网站报道，今年，“allyship”更多被用来指代黑人和LGBTQ（性少数者）群体，以及在新冠疫情期间边工作边照顾孩子的父母、医护人员、教师和航空公司员工。
"Shows of support and advocacy for these groups in 2021 point to ways in which the term allyship is giving name to ever more nuanced ideas of social justice and is increasingly being extended to contexts of support outside of racial, gender, and sexual identity, such as disability and economic status," Dictionary.com said.
Dictionary.com网站称：“2021年，对这些群体的支持和声援，让allyship成为了更细微细致的社会公平思想的代名词，并越来越多地扩展到支持种族、性别和性别认同之外的情境中，如残疾和经济地位。”
The website chose "allyship" based on search trends throughout 2021 as well as the year's "major themes," it said. "Allyship" was one of the top 850 search terms that steered online users toward the site in 2021, Dictionary.com said, often searched with the word "workplace" as companies publicly pledged to invest in diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.
该网站基于2021年的搜索趋势和年度“主要话题”选择了“allyship”作为年度词汇。它是2021年网友访问Dictionary.com查询的前850个搜索词之一，通常和“workplace（办公场所）”一同搜索，因为企业公开承诺在保证多样性、公平性和包容性上做出努力。
But the word most often searched along with "allyship" was "performative," according to the online reference service. "Performative allyship" describes someone thought to be "'playing the part' of being an ally instead of actually supporting the people they claim to," Dictionary.com said.
但Dictionary.com网站称，最常与“allyship”一起搜索的词是“performative（表演的）”。根据Dictionary.com，“performative allyship（表演型同盟关系）”指被认为是“‘扮演盟友角色’，而并非真正支持其声援群体的人”。
Related words also in the running for Dictionary.com's top term were "critical race theory," "burnout" and 'vaccine," the last of which was chosen as
Merriam-Webster's
Word of the Year.
竞争Dictionary.com年度词汇的其他候选词汇还包括“critical race theory（批判性种族理论）”、“burnout（过度疲劳）”和“vaccine（疫苗）”，“vaccine”当选《韦氏词典》2021年度词汇。
"Allyship" was added to Dictionary.com this year, but the first recorded use of its root, "ally," dates back to around 1250-1300, the online dictionary said in a blog post, derived from the Latin word "alligāre," which means to "bind together, combine, unite." The word "allyship" has been used since the mid-1800s, Dictionary.com said.
“Allyship”在今年被Dictionary.com网站收录，但该网站在一篇博文中称，其词根“ally”的首次使用可追溯到1250-1300年左右，“ally”源于拉丁语单词“alligāre”，意思是“绑定在一起、合并、联合”。Dictionary.com称，“allyship”一词从19世纪中期开始使用。
来源：CNN
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Unsplash]
The online dictionary defines "allyship" as "the status or role of a person who advocates and actively works for the inclusion of a marginalized or politicized group in all areas of society, not as a member of that group but in solidarity with its struggle and point of view and under its leadership."
This year, the word was increasingly used in reference to Black and LGBTQ people, Dictionary.com reported, as well as for parents working and handling child care during the pandemic, health care workers, teachers and airline employees.
"Shows of support and advocacy for these groups in 2021 point to ways in which the term allyship is giving name to ever more nuanced ideas of social justice and is increasingly being extended to contexts of support outside of racial, gender, and sexual identity, such as disability and economic status," Dictionary.com said.
The website chose "allyship" based on search trends throughout 2021 as well as the year's "major themes," it said. "Allyship" was one of the top 850 search terms that steered online users toward the site in 2021, Dictionary.com said, often searched with the word "workplace" as companies publicly pledged to invest in diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.
But the word most often searched along with "allyship" was "performative," according to the online reference service. "Performative allyship" describes someone thought to be "'playing the part' of being an ally instead of actually supporting the people they claim to," Dictionary.com said.
Related words also in the running for Dictionary.com's top term were "critical race theory," "burnout" and 'vaccine," the last of which was chosen as
Merriam-Webster's
Word of the Year. | 12月6日，在线英语词典网站Dictionary.com宣布“allyship”当选2021年度词汇，该网站表示，这是首个在被其收录同年就当选年度词汇的单词。你知道它的含义吗？
Dictionary.com网站将“allyship（同盟关系）”定义为“支持并积极致力于将某个边缘化群体或政治敏感群体融入社会各个领域的人的身份或角色，这些人不属于群体一员，但为群体的斗争和观点声援，并接受群体领导”。
据Dictionary.com网站报道，今年，“allyship”更多被用来指代黑人和LGBTQ（性少数者）群体，以及在新冠疫情期间边工作边照顾孩子的父母、医护人员、教师和航空公司员工。
Dictionary.com网站称：“2021年，对这些群体的支持和声援，让allyship成为了更细微细致的社会公平思想的代名词，并越来越多地扩展到支持种族、性别和性别认同之外的情境中，如残疾和经济地位。”
该网站基于2021年的搜索趋势和年度“主要话题”选择了“allyship”作为年度词汇。它是2021年网友访问Dictionary.com查询的前850个搜索词之一，通常和“workplace（办公场所）”一同搜索，因为企业公开承诺在保证多样性、公平性和包容性上做出努力。
但Dictionary.com网站称，最常与“allyship”一起搜索的词是“performative（表演的）”。根据Dictionary.com，“performative allyship（表演型同盟关系）”指被认为是“‘扮演盟友角色’，而并非真正支持其声援群体的人”。
竞争Dictionary.com年度词汇的其他候选词汇还包括“critical race theory（批判性种族理论）”、“burnout（过度疲劳）”和“vaccine（疫苗）”，“vaccine”当选《韦氏词典》2021年度词汇。
"Allyship" was added to Dictionary.com this year, but the first recorded use of its root, "ally," dates back to around 1250-1300, the online dictionary said in a blog post, derived from the Latin word "alligāre," which means to "bind together, combine, unite." The word "allyship" has been used since the mid-1800s, Dictionary.com said.
“Allyship”在今年被Dictionary.com网站收录，但该网站在一篇博文中称，其词根“ally”的首次使用可追溯到1250-1300年左右，“ally”源于拉丁语单词“alligāre”，意思是“绑定在一起、合并、联合”。Dictionary.com称，“allyship”一词从19世纪中期开始使用。
来源：CNN
编辑：董静 |
韩国近日的一项调查发现，70%的韩国人坦言压力很大。疫情持久战、债台高筑、买不起房，再加上快节奏的生活，让许多韩国人只想找个地方静一静。或者是到一个茶馆呆着，什么也不做，或者是看一场画面单一没有情节的电影。放空，成为韩国人治愈自己的流行方式。
Green Lab/Facebook
Tucked away in a side street near an urban park named Seoul Forest is a tea shop that barely seats 10. Here, you can’t talk. Your phone must be on silent. No shoes allowed.
首尔森林城市公园附近的一条小巷中有一家茶馆，里面只能容纳10个人。在这里，不能讲话。手机必须静音。不能穿鞋进去。
The rules have one aim. Relax. Just space out.
这些规则都有一个目标：放松，让自己放空。
As South Koreans enter the living-with-corona phase of the pandemic, some are easing back into social life by visiting public spaces where they can be alone and do very little. Nothing is the new something in South Korea as people desperately seek refuge from the pressures of living as functioning adults in a global pandemic in a high-stress and fast-paced society with soaring real estate prices and often-grueling work schedules.
随着韩国进入和新冠共存的疫情新阶段，有些人开始逐渐回归社交生活，到一些可以独处的公共场所去，然后几乎什么也不做。在全球疫情冲击下，身处于快节奏的高压社会中，面对飙升的房价、繁重的工作，拼命想逃离生活压力的韩国成年人不再热衷于追求那些新鲜事物。
At a Space Out Competition this year, competitors sought to achieve the lowest heart rate possible while sitting in a “healing forest” on the southern island of Jeju.
在今年的放空比赛中，参赛者坐在南部济州岛的“治愈森林”中，试图让自己的心率降到最低。
And the concept is seeping out into a handful of public spaces in South Korea. This month, theaters throughout the country premiered a movie simulating a 40-minute plane ride above and through clouds. Tickets for “Flight,” a project backed by Megabox, a major movie theater company, are just under $6. A tagline reads: “Take a brief rest through the fluffy clouds.”
放空的理念也渗透进韩国的多个公共空间。本月韩国各地的影院首映了电影《飞行》，该片模拟乘坐飞机在云上和云中飞行40分钟的感受。大型影院公司Megabox出资拍摄的这部电影票价不到6美元（约合人民币38元）。宣传语是“在松软的云朵中小憩一下吧”。
It’s a sequel to a movie released this spring, “Fire Mung”: 31 minutes of footage of a burning campfire.
《飞行》是今春上映的《看火放空》的续集，《看火放空》就是31分钟的篝火燃烧视频。
Spacing out is known in Korean as “hitting mung,” a slang usage of the word “mung” to describe a state of being totally zoned out. (In this case, “mung” describes a state of blankness.) With the weather change this fall, now popular are the terms “forest mung” and “foliage mung,” meaning spacing out while looking at trees or foliage. There’s “fire mung,” or spacing out while watching logs burn, and “water mung,” being meditative near bodies of water.
放空在韩语中的表达是hitting mung，用mung这个词来形容出神的状态，表示大脑一片空白。入秋变天后，最流行的词语是forest mung（森林放空）和foliage mung（树叶放空），意思是看着树或树叶发呆。类似的还有fire mung（火边放空）和water mung（水边放空）。
Screenshot from Instagram
Cafes like Green Lab, the shop near Seoul Forest, have been featured in local media reports and have enjoyed a steady stream of visitors throughout the pandemic by offering spaces to heal and “hit mung.” Over tea, customers can read, write poetry, meditate or simply stare out at the trees.
首尔森林附近这家提供放空和治愈空间的茶馆Green Lab已经被当地多家媒体报道，在疫情期间一直客流不断。顾客可以在这里喝茶、阅读、写诗、冥想或看着树发呆。
On a recent weekday afternoon, Jung Jae-hwan, 38, took a group of colleagues to the shop. As the head of a skin-care brand, Hyggee, Jung said he had been looking for ways to find peace as he hustles in an intensely competitive business world. He has tried Pilates and yoga but wanted to find a place that would require him to do nothing — and ended up at Green Lab.
在不久前一个工作日的下午，38岁的郑在奂带一群同事去了这家茶馆。作为护肤品牌休给的负责人，郑在奂表示，在竞争激烈的商界中奋力前行的他一直在寻找让自己平静下来的方式。他试过了普拉提和瑜伽，但是他想要的是一个什么事都不用做的地方，于是他找到了Green Lab茶馆。
"I wanted to be able to press the stop button and take a moment for myself, but I feel like I constantly have to do something,” he said.
他说：“我想按下暂停键，让自己有片刻喘息的时间，但是我觉得自己总是有事要做。”
"In this space, the rule is that I must do nothing,” he said. “It made space in my brain. I even read a book, enjoyed the smell of diffusers, looked at flowers, wrote poetry. I started getting new ideas, one by one, and I felt so refreshed.”
他说：“在这个空间里，规则就是我什么事都不能做。它能让我的大脑放空。我甚至看了一本书，闻了喷雾器散发出的气味，赏了花，还写了诗。我的脑子里开始涌现出新想法，一个接一个，我感觉神清气爽。”
One of his colleagues, Ahn Areum, said she had heard of the Space Out Competition but didn’t know places such as Green Lab existed. She was eager to check it out and said she had been looking for ways to cope with her pandemic anxieties and daily stresses.
他的同事安雅琳表示她听说过放空比赛，但是不知道还有Green Lab这种地方。她迫不及待地想体验一番，并坦言自己一直在想办法应对自己的疫情焦虑和日常压力。
"I’ve been so tired, and I don’t even have time to space out. After work, I go home, and I have to do housework, and then I barely have 30 minutes to an hour before I need to sleep. I spend that time on my phone. So with a space like this, I can actually focus on taking a break,” said Ahn, 32.
32岁的安雅琳说：“我一直觉得好累，我甚至没有放空的时间。下班后回家我要做家务，一直忙到快睡觉，睡前能腾出半小时到一小时的时间给自己就不错了。这点时间我会刷刷手机。所以在这样的空间里，我终于可以专心地休息了。”
Similar spaces have opened in other parts of the country.
韩国其他地方也开设了类似的空间。
At a Jeju cafe named Goyose, the upstairs area is designated by reservation for people to spend time alone. The cafe provides stationery so that you can write letters to yourself over coffee and dessert.
济州岛有一家名为Goyose的咖啡厅，楼上是专门供顾客独处的。咖啡厅提供文具，你可以在喝咖啡吃甜点的时候写信给自己。
Screenshot from Instagram
On Ganghwa Island, off South Korea’s west coast, a cafe named Mung Hit also offers no-activity relaxation areas. In one section is a single chair facing a mirror for anyone who wants to sit and stare. There are nooks for meditating, reading, sitting by a pond or the garden, or enjoying mountain views. No pets or children are allowed.
在临近韩国西海岸的江华岛上，有一家名为Mung Hit的咖啡厅也提供“不活动”放松区。在咖啡厅的一角是一把面对镜子的椅子，你可以坐在椅子上看镜子中的自己。咖啡厅内、池塘边或花园里有供你冥想、阅读、欣赏山景的角落。宠物和小孩不许入内。
Ta Jung Kim, 32, found the cafe online and recently visited it to get away from the city. There were other visitors, but she found enough nooks to be alone with minimum contact with others and to clear her head.
32岁的金大贞从网上发现了这家咖啡厅，最近她为了逃离城市生活拜访了这家店。店里有其他顾客，但是有足够的角落让她可以独处并尽量减少和别人的接触，让她可以理清头脑。
"As I sat there, secluded and relaxed, taking in the view and drinking coffee, I couldn’t help but space out,” she said. “I felt so comforted, and I felt like my heart opened up. The busy thoughts in my head disappeared, and I came back with a more positive outlook.”
她说：“当我坐在那个隐蔽角落，放松地欣赏景色、喝咖啡时，我不由自主地出神了。我觉得自己得到了很大安慰，感觉自己的心打开了。我脑中充斥的乱七八糟的想法消失了，回来后我的心态也变得积极了。”
英文来源：华盛顿邮报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Green Lab/Facebook
Tucked away in a side street near an urban park named Seoul Forest is a tea shop that barely seats 10. Here, you can’t talk. Your phone must be on silent. No shoes allowed.
The rules have one aim. Relax. Just space out.
As South Koreans enter the living-with-corona phase of the pandemic, some are easing back into social life by visiting public spaces where they can be alone and do very little. Nothing is the new something in South Korea as people desperately seek refuge from the pressures of living as functioning adults in a global pandemic in a high-stress and fast-paced society with soaring real estate prices and often-grueling work schedules.
At a Space Out Competition this year, competitors sought to achieve the lowest heart rate possible while sitting in a “healing forest” on the southern island of Jeju.
And the concept is seeping out into a handful of public spaces in South Korea. This month, theaters throughout the country premiered a movie simulating a 40-minute plane ride above and through clouds. Tickets for “Flight,” a project backed by Megabox, a major movie theater company, are just under $6. A tagline reads: “Take a brief rest through the fluffy clouds.”
It’s a sequel to a movie released this spring, “Fire Mung”: 31 minutes of footage of a burning campfire.
Spacing out is known in Korean as “hitting mung,” a slang usage of the word “mung” to describe a state of being totally zoned out. (In this case, “mung” describes a state of blankness.) With the weather change this fall, now popular are the terms “forest mung” and “foliage mung,” meaning spacing out while looking at trees or foliage. There’s “fire mung,” or spacing out while watching logs burn, and “water mung,” being meditative near bodies of water.
Screenshot from Instagram
Cafes like Green Lab, the shop near Seoul Forest, have been featured in local media reports and have enjoyed a steady stream of visitors throughout the pandemic by offering spaces to heal and “hit mung.” Over tea, customers can read, write poetry, meditate or simply stare out at the trees.
On a recent weekday afternoon, Jung Jae-hwan, 38, took a group of colleagues to the shop. As the head of a skin-care brand, Hyggee, Jung said he had been looking for ways to find peace as he hustles in an intensely competitive business world. He has tried Pilates and yoga but wanted to find a place that would require him to do nothing — and ended up at Green Lab.
"I wanted to be able to press the stop button and take a moment for myself, but I feel like I constantly have to do something,” he said.
"In this space, the rule is that I must do nothing,” he said. “It made space in my brain. I even read a book, enjoyed the smell of diffusers, looked at flowers, wrote poetry. I started getting new ideas, one by one, and I felt so refreshed.”
One of his colleagues, Ahn Areum, said she had heard of the Space Out Competition but didn’t know places such as Green Lab existed. She was eager to check it out and said she had been looking for ways to cope with her pandemic anxieties and daily stresses.
"I’ve been so tired, and I don’t even have time to space out. After work, I go home, and I have to do housework, and then I barely have 30 minutes to an hour before I need to sleep. I spend that time on my phone. So with a space like this, I can actually focus on taking a break,” said Ahn, 32.
Similar spaces have opened in other parts of the country.
At a Jeju cafe named Goyose, the upstairs area is designated by reservation for people to spend time alone. The cafe provides stationery so that you can write letters to yourself over coffee and dessert.
Screenshot from Instagram
On Ganghwa Island, off South Korea’s west coast, a cafe named Mung Hit also offers no-activity relaxation areas. In one section is a single chair facing a mirror for anyone who wants to sit and stare. There are nooks for meditating, reading, sitting by a pond or the garden, or enjoying mountain views. No pets or children are allowed.
Ta Jung Kim, 32, found the cafe online and recently visited it to get away from the city. There were other visitors, but she found enough nooks to be alone with minimum contact with others and to clear her head.
"As I sat there, secluded and relaxed, taking in the view and drinking coffee, I couldn’t help but space out,” she said. “I felt so comforted, and I felt like my heart opened up. The busy thoughts in my head disappeared, and I came back with a more positive outlook.” | 韩国近日的一项调查发现，70%的韩国人坦言压力很大。疫情持久战、债台高筑、买不起房，再加上快节奏的生活，让许多韩国人只想找个地方静一静。或者是到一个茶馆呆着，什么也不做，或者是看一场画面单一没有情节的电影。放空，成为韩国人治愈自己的流行方式。
首尔森林城市公园附近的一条小巷中有一家茶馆，里面只能容纳10个人。在这里，不能讲话。手机必须静音。不能穿鞋进去。
这些规则都有一个目标：放松，让自己放空。
随着韩国进入和新冠共存的疫情新阶段，有些人开始逐渐回归社交生活，到一些可以独处的公共场所去，然后几乎什么也不做。在全球疫情冲击下，身处于快节奏的高压社会中，面对飙升的房价、繁重的工作，拼命想逃离生活压力的韩国成年人不再热衷于追求那些新鲜事物。
在今年的放空比赛中，参赛者坐在南部济州岛的“治愈森林”中，试图让自己的心率降到最低。
放空的理念也渗透进韩国的多个公共空间。本月韩国各地的影院首映了电影《飞行》，该片模拟乘坐飞机在云上和云中飞行40分钟的感受。大型影院公司Megabox出资拍摄的这部电影票价不到6美元（约合人民币38元）。宣传语是“在松软的云朵中小憩一下吧”。
《飞行》是今春上映的《看火放空》的续集，《看火放空》就是31分钟的篝火燃烧视频。
放空在韩语中的表达是hitting mung，用mung这个词来形容出神的状态，表示大脑一片空白。入秋变天后，最流行的词语是forest mung（森林放空）和foliage mung（树叶放空），意思是看着树或树叶发呆。类似的还有fire mung（火边放空）和water mung（水边放空）。
首尔森林附近这家提供放空和治愈空间的茶馆Green Lab已经被当地多家媒体报道，在疫情期间一直客流不断。顾客可以在这里喝茶、阅读、写诗、冥想或看着树发呆。
在不久前一个工作日的下午，38岁的郑在奂带一群同事去了这家茶馆。作为护肤品牌休给的负责人，郑在奂表示，在竞争激烈的商界中奋力前行的他一直在寻找让自己平静下来的方式。他试过了普拉提和瑜伽，但是他想要的是一个什么事都不用做的地方，于是他找到了Green Lab茶馆。
他说：“我想按下暂停键，让自己有片刻喘息的时间，但是我觉得自己总是有事要做。”
他说：“在这个空间里，规则就是我什么事都不能做。它能让我的大脑放空。我甚至看了一本书，闻了喷雾器散发出的气味，赏了花，还写了诗。我的脑子里开始涌现出新想法，一个接一个，我感觉神清气爽。”
他的同事安雅琳表示她听说过放空比赛，但是不知道还有Green Lab这种地方。她迫不及待地想体验一番，并坦言自己一直在想办法应对自己的疫情焦虑和日常压力。
32岁的安雅琳说：“我一直觉得好累，我甚至没有放空的时间。下班后回家我要做家务，一直忙到快睡觉，睡前能腾出半小时到一小时的时间给自己就不错了。这点时间我会刷刷手机。所以在这样的空间里，我终于可以专心地休息了。”
韩国其他地方也开设了类似的空间。
济州岛有一家名为Goyose的咖啡厅，楼上是专门供顾客独处的。咖啡厅提供文具，你可以在喝咖啡吃甜点的时候写信给自己。
在临近韩国西海岸的江华岛上，有一家名为Mung Hit的咖啡厅也提供“不活动”放松区。在咖啡厅的一角是一把面对镜子的椅子，你可以坐在椅子上看镜子中的自己。咖啡厅内、池塘边或花园里有供你冥想、阅读、欣赏山景的角落。宠物和小孩不许入内。
32岁的金大贞从网上发现了这家咖啡厅，最近她为了逃离城市生活拜访了这家店。店里有其他顾客，但是有足够的角落让她可以独处并尽量减少和别人的接触，让她可以理清头脑。
她说：“当我坐在那个隐蔽角落，放松地欣赏景色、喝咖啡时，我不由自主地出神了。我觉得自己得到了很大安慰，感觉自己的心打开了。我脑中充斥的乱七八糟的想法消失了，回来后我的心态也变得积极了。”
英文来源：华盛顿邮报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
意大利一名牙医不愿接种新冠疫苗，欲骗得已接种证明，竟然戴上硅胶假肢去接种，最终被发现。他可能因此遭刑事诉讼。
[Photo/Agencies]
A dentist in Italy faces possible criminal charges after trying to receive a coronavirus vaccine in a fake arm made of silicone.
意大利一名牙医可能面临刑事指控，因为他试图用硅胶假手臂接种新冠疫苗。
A nurse in the northern city of Biella, Filippa Bua, said she could tell right away that something was off when a man presented the phony limb for a shot on Thursday.
该国北部城市比耶拉的护士菲利帕·布阿说，当一名男子12月2日试图用假肢来接种时，她马上就感觉到了不对劲。
“When I uncovered the arm, I felt skin that was cold and gummy, and the color was too light,” Bua told Italian newspaper
Corriere della Sera
.
布阿在接受意大利《晚邮报》采访时表示：“当他露出手臂时，我感到他的皮肤冰冷粘稠，颜色也太浅。”
She said she initially thought the 57-year-old man was an amputee and had mistakenly offered the wrong arm. She lifted his shirt and saw a silicone arm.
布阿表示，她一开始以为这名57岁的男子是截肢者，误将手臂伸错了。后来，她掀起该男子的衬衫后，看到了一只硅胶手臂。
“I understood immediately that the man was trying to avoid the vaccination by using a silicone prosthetic, into which he hoped that I would inject the drug, unaware, Bua said.
布阿说：“我立刻明白了，这名男子是想用硅胶假肢来逃避接种疫苗，他希望骗过我给他注射疫苗。”
The nurse said the man acknowledged he did not want a vaccine but to obtain a “super” health pass, which from Monday will be required to enter restaurants, cinemas, theaters and other venues in Italy.
这名护士称，该男子承认他不想接种疫苗，只是想获得一张“超级”健康通行证。从12月6日开始，要想进入意大利的餐馆、电影院、剧院和其他场所时，必须要出示该通行证。
He had already been suspended from work because of his refusal to get vaccinated, which Italy requires for medical personnel.
由于拒绝接种疫苗，他已经被停职。意大利要求医务人员接种疫苗。
The nurse said the man was courteous and left the vaccination center after the failed attempt.
护士说这名男子很有礼貌，在尝试失败后离开了疫苗接种中心。
“We stopped and reflected, and we understood that this wasn’t just a surreal situation, but a real attempt at fraud,” Bua said. She and others at the vaccination site turned paperwork over to superiors so they could report the case, which has been given to prosecutors.
布阿说：“我们停下来消化这件事，意识到这不仅仅是一个魔幻的举动，而是真正的欺诈企图。”她和疫苗接种现场的其他人将相关文件交给了上级，以便他们能够报告这起案件，而案件已经交给了当地检察官。
While Italy’s vaccination rate is relatively high at 85% of the currently eligible population ages 12 and over, people in the the age range from 30 to 59 have proven the most resistant to vaccinations, with nearly 3.5 million still not having received their first doses.
虽然意大利的疫苗接种率相对较高，12岁以上符合接种资格的人群接种率为85%。但该国年龄在30至59岁之间的人群中，仍有近350万人未进行第一次接种。这一群体对疫苗的抵制最强烈。
来源：美联社
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Agencies]
A dentist in Italy faces possible criminal charges after trying to receive a coronavirus vaccine in a fake arm made of silicone.
A nurse in the northern city of Biella, Filippa Bua, said she could tell right away that something was off when a man presented the phony limb for a shot on Thursday.
“When I uncovered the arm, I felt skin that was cold and gummy, and the color was too light,” Bua told Italian newspaper
Corriere della Sera
.
She said she initially thought the 57-year-old man was an amputee and had mistakenly offered the wrong arm. She lifted his shirt and saw a silicone arm.
“I understood immediately that the man was trying to avoid the vaccination by using a silicone prosthetic, into which he hoped that I would inject the drug, unaware, Bua said.
The nurse said the man acknowledged he did not want a vaccine but to obtain a “super” health pass, which from Monday will be required to enter restaurants, cinemas, theaters and other venues in Italy.
He had already been suspended from work because of his refusal to get vaccinated, which Italy requires for medical personnel.
The nurse said the man was courteous and left the vaccination center after the failed attempt.
“We stopped and reflected, and we understood that this wasn’t just a surreal situation, but a real attempt at fraud,” Bua said. She and others at the vaccination site turned paperwork over to superiors so they could report the case, which has been given to prosecutors.
While Italy’s vaccination rate is relatively high at 85% of the currently eligible population ages 12 and over, people in the the age range from 30 to 59 have proven the most resistant to vaccinations, with nearly 3.5 million still not having received their first doses. | 意大利一名牙医不愿接种新冠疫苗，欲骗得已接种证明，竟然戴上硅胶假肢去接种，最终被发现。他可能因此遭刑事诉讼。
意大利一名牙医可能面临刑事指控，因为他试图用硅胶假手臂接种新冠疫苗。
该国北部城市比耶拉的护士菲利帕·布阿说，当一名男子12月2日试图用假肢来接种时，她马上就感觉到了不对劲。
布阿在接受意大利《晚邮报》采访时表示：“当他露出手臂时，我感到他的皮肤冰冷粘稠，颜色也太浅。”
布阿表示，她一开始以为这名57岁的男子是截肢者，误将手臂伸错了。后来，她掀起该男子的衬衫后，看到了一只硅胶手臂。
布阿说：“我立刻明白了，这名男子是想用硅胶假肢来逃避接种疫苗，他希望骗过我给他注射疫苗。”
这名护士称，该男子承认他不想接种疫苗，只是想获得一张“超级”健康通行证。从12月6日开始，要想进入意大利的餐馆、电影院、剧院和其他场所时，必须要出示该通行证。
由于拒绝接种疫苗，他已经被停职。意大利要求医务人员接种疫苗。
护士说这名男子很有礼貌，在尝试失败后离开了疫苗接种中心。
布阿说：“我们停下来消化这件事，意识到这不仅仅是一个魔幻的举动，而是真正的欺诈企图。”她和疫苗接种现场的其他人将相关文件交给了上级，以便他们能够报告这起案件，而案件已经交给了当地检察官。
虽然意大利的疫苗接种率相对较高，12岁以上符合接种资格的人群接种率为85%。但该国年龄在30至59岁之间的人群中，仍有近350万人未进行第一次接种。这一群体对疫苗的抵制最强烈。
来源：美联社
编辑：董静 |
上班族在办公室待的时间最长，所以办公室环境的重要性不言而喻。在你昏昏欲睡或提不起干劲的时候，如果飘来一阵提神醒脑的香气，将会让你瞬间神清气爽，工作效率倍增。那么什么香气最有助于提升工作效率呢？
[Photo/Pexels]
1. Rosemary 迷迭香
Rosemary oils are found to be stimulative. It is said to help increase alertness and in a 2018 study, rosemary is found to help boost memory and focus.
迷迭香精油能够提神，据称还能提高警觉性。2018年的一项研究发现，迷迭香精油有助于提升记忆力和专注力。
2. Lemon 柠檬
The lemon scent helps to increase focus and a Japanese study on how smells can affect typists’ accuracy concluded that those who worked in lemon-scented workplaces made 54% lesser errors. According to
Natural Health Magazine
, scientists have also found that “just a whiff of lemon can boost your feel-good hormones and reduce stress levels.”
柠檬香气有助于集中注意力。日本曾研究过香气对打字员打字准确度的影响，结论是在散发着柠檬香气的环境中工作的打字员出错率比其他人低54%。据《自然健康杂志》报道，科学家还发现，“一缕柠檬香气就能有助于释放让你感觉良好的激素，并能降低压力水平。”
3. Peppermint 薄荷
The spicy peppermint scent helps to improve your ability to focus and can boost alertness and memory. When you find yourself constantly distracted by your surroundings, perhaps it is time to diffuse some peppermint essential oils in your office.
辛辣的薄荷香气有助于提升你的专注力，还能增强警觉性和记忆力。如果周围环境总是让你分心，也许是时候在办公室里放一些薄荷精油了。
4. Coffee 咖啡
While most people drink coffee for that caffeine energy boost, the coffee scent alone is said to help people perform better on analytical reasoning tasks. According to FragranceX, “the smell had a similar effect to (as) if they had ingested the coffee.”
多数人喝咖啡都是为了摄入补充能量的咖啡因，但是据称光是闻一闻咖啡香气就能有助于改善人们在分析推理任务中的表现。香水网站FragranceX指出，“闻咖啡香气和喝咖啡有相似的功效。”
5. Lavender 薰衣草
Lavender is commonly used for relaxation and for falling asleep faster. But did you know that when "lavender essential oil [was inhaled] before doing math problems helped subjects complete the problems faster and more accurately.” The lavender scent is also said to decrease the stress hormone, cortisol, which caused us to be more irritable and less focused.
薰衣草常用于放松和助眠。但是你可知道，“在做数学题之前吸入薰衣草精油香气可以帮助做题者更快做完题目，并提高准确率。”据称，薰衣草香气还能减少压力荷尔蒙皮质醇的分泌，这种荷尔蒙会让我们急躁易怒，注意力难以集中。
6. Sage 鼠尾草
In a study, Spanish sage essential oil is found to help enhance memory and stimulate brain function, and the scent “significantly improved immediate word recall” in the study’s participants. The robust scent of sage is also said to help reduce stress and anxiety, elevating moods.
一项研究发现，西班牙鼠尾草精油有助于提高记忆力、激发大脑功能。此外鼠尾草香气可以“极大地提高（研究参与者）即刻回忆字词的能力”。据称鼠尾草的浓郁香气还有助于减轻压力和焦虑情绪、改善心情。
7. Vetiver 香根草
Inhaling vetiver scent improves alertness and brain function. A 2016 study also concluded that “the stimulating effects of vetiver essential oil might be beneficial for learning and memory processes” and can be used as a stimulant to improve task performance.
吸入香根草香气可以增强警觉性和大脑功能。2016年的一项研究得出结论称，“香根草精油的提神功效可能有助于学习和记忆”，这种功效也可以用来提升工作表现。
英文来源：雅虎新闻
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Rosemary oils are found to be stimulative. It is said to help increase alertness and in a 2018 study, rosemary is found to help boost memory and focus.
The lemon scent helps to increase focus and a Japanese study on how smells can affect typists’ accuracy concluded that those who worked in lemon-scented workplaces made 54% lesser errors. According to
Natural Health Magazine
, scientists have also found that “just a whiff of lemon can boost your feel-good hormones and reduce stress levels.”
The spicy peppermint scent helps to improve your ability to focus and can boost alertness and memory. When you find yourself constantly distracted by your surroundings, perhaps it is time to diffuse some peppermint essential oils in your office.
While most people drink coffee for that caffeine energy boost, the coffee scent alone is said to help people perform better on analytical reasoning tasks. According to FragranceX, “the smell had a similar effect to (as) if they had ingested the coffee.”
Lavender is commonly used for relaxation and for falling asleep faster. But did you know that when "lavender essential oil [was inhaled] before doing math problems helped subjects complete the problems faster and more accurately.” The lavender scent is also said to decrease the stress hormone, cortisol, which caused us to be more irritable and less focused.
In a study, Spanish sage essential oil is found to help enhance memory and stimulate brain function, and the scent “significantly improved immediate word recall” in the study’s participants. The robust scent of sage is also said to help reduce stress and anxiety, elevating moods.
Inhaling vetiver scent improves alertness and brain function. A 2016 study also concluded that “the stimulating effects of vetiver essential oil might be beneficial for learning and memory processes” and can be used as a stimulant to improve task performance. | 上班族在办公室待的时间最长，所以办公室环境的重要性不言而喻。在你昏昏欲睡或提不起干劲的时候，如果飘来一阵提神醒脑的香气，将会让你瞬间神清气爽，工作效率倍增。那么什么香气最有助于提升工作效率呢？
1. Rosemary 迷迭香
迷迭香精油能够提神，据称还能提高警觉性。2018年的一项研究发现，迷迭香精油有助于提升记忆力和专注力。
2. Lemon 柠檬
柠檬香气有助于集中注意力。日本曾研究过香气对打字员打字准确度的影响，结论是在散发着柠檬香气的环境中工作的打字员出错率比其他人低54%。据《自然健康杂志》报道，科学家还发现，“一缕柠檬香气就能有助于释放让你感觉良好的激素，并能降低压力水平。”
3. Peppermint 薄荷
辛辣的薄荷香气有助于提升你的专注力，还能增强警觉性和记忆力。如果周围环境总是让你分心，也许是时候在办公室里放一些薄荷精油了。
4. Coffee 咖啡
多数人喝咖啡都是为了摄入补充能量的咖啡因，但是据称光是闻一闻咖啡香气就能有助于改善人们在分析推理任务中的表现。香水网站FragranceX指出，“闻咖啡香气和喝咖啡有相似的功效。”
5. Lavender 薰衣草
薰衣草常用于放松和助眠。但是你可知道，“在做数学题之前吸入薰衣草精油香气可以帮助做题者更快做完题目，并提高准确率。”据称，薰衣草香气还能减少压力荷尔蒙皮质醇的分泌，这种荷尔蒙会让我们急躁易怒，注意力难以集中。
6. Sage 鼠尾草
一项研究发现，西班牙鼠尾草精油有助于提高记忆力、激发大脑功能。此外鼠尾草香气可以“极大地提高（研究参与者）即刻回忆字词的能力”。据称鼠尾草的浓郁香气还有助于减轻压力和焦虑情绪、改善心情。
7. Vetiver 香根草
吸入香根草香气可以增强警觉性和大脑功能。2016年的一项研究得出结论称，“香根草精油的提神功效可能有助于学习和记忆”，这种功效也可以用来提升工作表现。
英文来源：雅虎新闻
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
当冬天来临，我们最盼望的是快点下一场雪！但冬天比你想象的要缤纷多彩。除了皑皑白雪，我们还可以欣赏“雨凇”、“霜花”、“雾凇”……你见过这些自然气象吗？你知道它们的英文表达吗？
图源：Pexels
HOAR FROST
白霜
One of the first signs of winter is the hoar frost of late autumn. Deriving its name from an Old English word (hoar, meaning “to appear old”), this is the thin, feathery coating of ice that often forms on objects during cool nights with clear skies. The clear skies allow the ground to lose heat more quickly than the surrounding air, and the humidity in the atmosphere condenses and freezes into a solid when it makes contact with surfaces. This frost can occur even when the air a few feet above ground is well above freezing, and usually melts within an hour or two of sunrise.
深秋的白霜（hoar frost）是预示冬天到来的最早预告。它的英文名来源于一个“古老”的英语单词（hoar，意思是“显得古老”）。白霜是一层薄薄的羽毛状冰层，通常在晴朗的寒夜凝结于物体表面。晴天使地面温度比周围空气的温度下降更快，大气中的湿气在与地面接触时凝结成固体。即使地面上几英尺的空气远高于冰点，也会形成这种冰霜，并且通常在日出后一两个小时内融化。
FROST FLOWER
霜花
Frost flowers (and the related “ice ribbons” and “ice beards”) are very thin, spindly, unique formations of ice, seen in late autumn or early winter, when plants are first freezing.
霜花（以及相关的“冰带”和“冰须”）是一种薄而细长、非常独特的冰结构，见于深秋或初冬，植物第一次结冰时。
When the water in the plant stem freezes, it expands to the point where the plant splits open along the side, and the frozen water is extruded from the split. More water is then drawn up through the stem from the ground via capillary action, adding more ice crystals to the frost flower.
当植物茎秆中的水凝结时，会涌到茎秆裂开的地方，冻结的水从裂口中溢出。由于毛细作用，植物的茎从地面吸收更多水分，从而结出更多冰晶的霜花。
图源：央视新闻
GLAZE ICE
雨凇
When falling precipitation hits a surface that’s below freezing, it can instantly form what’s known as “glaze ice,” a buildup of smooth, clear, and transparent ice. It can be seen coating tree branches and plants following an ice storm.
当雨点落在温度在冰点以下的表面时，会立即形成所谓的“雨凇”，即光滑、透明的冰层。雨雪过后，可见雨凇覆盖在树枝和植物上。
2018年12月12日，游人在吉林省吉林市丰满区吉丰东路松花江畔观赏雾凇美景。图源：新华网
HARD RIME
硬雾淞
As the weather cools, freezing fogs can occur, and when that fog is combined with wind, hard rime can form on windward (wind-facing) surfaces. “Rime” literally means “hoar frost,” and while slightly different on a meteorological level, “soft rime” is very similar to a thick hoarfrost. Hard rime, on the other hand, is much thicker and harder, and consists of fairly dense pellets of irregular ice crystals glommed together.
随着天气变冷，可能会出现冻雾，当冻雾与风结合时，物体迎风面会形成硬雾凇（hard rime）。Rime字面意思是“白霜”，软雾凇与厚厚的白霜非常相似，但在气象层面上略有不同。此外，硬雾凇要更厚更硬，由高密度的不规则冰晶团聚合在一起形成。
THUNDERSNOW
雷雪
The conditions required to create thundersnow are most common around lakes (it occasionally accompanies lake-effect snow) and coastal areas. In these places, the sun is able to heat the ground and cause relatively warm and humid columns of unstable air to rise up and form turbulent clouds.
在湖泊周围（偶尔出现湖泊效应降雪）和沿海地区最常出现满足雷雪天气的气候条件。在这些地方，阳光让地面温度上升，导致相对温暖潮湿的不稳定空气柱上升，形成湍流云。
But clouds alone don’t make thundersnow. Only if the layer of air between the clouds and the ground is warmer than the cloud cover, but still cold enough to create snow, and the wind shear is pushing the warmer air slightly upwards, does thundersnow form.
但光有云层并不能产生雷雪。只有当云层和地面之间的空气层比云层温度高，但仍冷到足以形成降雪，并且风向切变将温暖的空气稍微向上推时，才会形成雷雪。
The snow can often muffle the thunderclap, meaning that many instances of thundersnow probably go unnoticed.
雪通常会掩盖雷声，这意味着许多时候可能听不到雷声。
图源：Pexels
SNOWPACK
积雪
When a place has an extended cold season, snow rarely melts between each subsequent snowfall. Some of it will sublimate—or transition directly from a solid to a gas—especially in areas with lots of sunlight and dry wind, but the majority of it will stay present on the ground. When fresh snow falls on top of the old snow, the crystals of the old snow get packed down under the weight of the new cover. Depending on the length of time, snowflake types, and weather conditions between snowfalls, each layer of the snowpack may have a different thickness and density.
在寒冷季节漫长的地区， 每场雪下完之后都不会融化。其中一些雪会升华（直接从固体转变为气体），特别是在阳光充足和风干燥的地区，但大部分雪会留在地面上。当新雪落在旧雪上面，旧雪的晶体会被新雪覆盖的重量压下来。根据每次降雪间隔的时间长度、雪花类型和天气条件，每层积雪可能具有不同的厚度和密度。
FIRN
粒雪
When years and years of snowpack accumulate, that buildup is called “firn.” It’s much denser than regular snowpack, because of two factors: the partial melting during warmer seasons packs the snow mass closer together; and the new snow falling on top of the ultra-condensed pack pushes the crystals together without melting during the cold season.
当积雪一年又一年堆积起来，就形成了“粒雪”。粒雪比普通积雪密度大得多，这是两个因素导致的：在温暖的季节，一部分雪融化使积雪堆积得更紧密；在寒冷的季节，新雪落在密实的积雪顶部，将晶体推到一起而不融化。
The buildup of firn at high elevations eventually forms glaciers, and replenishes glacial mass to counteract the melting and calving at their lower elevations. The density of firn is between 550830 kilograms per square meter. To put that in perspective, the density of freshly-fallen “powder” snow is around 50 to 70 kilograms per square meter.
高海拔地区的积雪最终形成冰川，并补充冰川物质，以抵消低海拔地区冰川的融化和崩解。粒雪的密度在每平方米550830公斤之间。这是什么概念呢？刚落下的“粉末”雪的密度约为每平方米50至70公斤。
来源：Mental Floss
编辑：董静 | HOAR FROST
One of the first signs of winter is the hoar frost of late autumn. Deriving its name from an Old English word (hoar, meaning “to appear old”), this is the thin, feathery coating of ice that often forms on objects during cool nights with clear skies. The clear skies allow the ground to lose heat more quickly than the surrounding air, and the humidity in the atmosphere condenses and freezes into a solid when it makes contact with surfaces. This frost can occur even when the air a few feet above ground is well above freezing, and usually melts within an hour or two of sunrise.
FROST FLOWER
Frost flowers (and the related “ice ribbons” and “ice beards”) are very thin, spindly, unique formations of ice, seen in late autumn or early winter, when plants are first freezing.
When the water in the plant stem freezes, it expands to the point where the plant splits open along the side, and the frozen water is extruded from the split. More water is then drawn up through the stem from the ground via capillary action, adding more ice crystals to the frost flower.
GLAZE ICE
When falling precipitation hits a surface that’s below freezing, it can instantly form what’s known as “glaze ice,” a buildup of smooth, clear, and transparent ice. It can be seen coating tree branches and plants following an ice storm.
HARD RIME
As the weather cools, freezing fogs can occur, and when that fog is combined with wind, hard rime can form on windward (wind-facing) surfaces. “Rime” literally means “hoar frost,” and while slightly different on a meteorological level, “soft rime” is very similar to a thick hoarfrost. Hard rime, on the other hand, is much thicker and harder, and consists of fairly dense pellets of irregular ice crystals glommed together.
THUNDERSNOW
The conditions required to create thundersnow are most common around lakes (it occasionally accompanies lake-effect snow) and coastal areas. In these places, the sun is able to heat the ground and cause relatively warm and humid columns of unstable air to rise up and form turbulent clouds.
But clouds alone don’t make thundersnow. Only if the layer of air between the clouds and the ground is warmer than the cloud cover, but still cold enough to create snow, and the wind shear is pushing the warmer air slightly upwards, does thundersnow form.
The snow can often muffle the thunderclap, meaning that many instances of thundersnow probably go unnoticed.
SNOWPACK
When a place has an extended cold season, snow rarely melts between each subsequent snowfall. Some of it will sublimate—or transition directly from a solid to a gas—especially in areas with lots of sunlight and dry wind, but the majority of it will stay present on the ground. When fresh snow falls on top of the old snow, the crystals of the old snow get packed down under the weight of the new cover. Depending on the length of time, snowflake types, and weather conditions between snowfalls, each layer of the snowpack may have a different thickness and density.
FIRN
When years and years of snowpack accumulate, that buildup is called “firn.” It’s much denser than regular snowpack, because of two factors: the partial melting during warmer seasons packs the snow mass closer together; and the new snow falling on top of the ultra-condensed pack pushes the crystals together without melting during the cold season.
The buildup of firn at high elevations eventually forms glaciers, and replenishes glacial mass to counteract the melting and calving at their lower elevations. The density of firn is between 550830 kilograms per square meter. To put that in perspective, the density of freshly-fallen “powder” snow is around 50 to 70 kilograms per square meter. | 当冬天来临，我们最盼望的是快点下一场雪！但冬天比你想象的要缤纷多彩。除了皑皑白雪，我们还可以欣赏“雨凇”、“霜花”、“雾凇”……你见过这些自然气象吗？你知道它们的英文表达吗？
图源：Pexels
白霜
深秋的白霜（hoar frost）是预示冬天到来的最早预告。它的英文名来源于一个“古老”的英语单词（hoar，意思是“显得古老”）。白霜是一层薄薄的羽毛状冰层，通常在晴朗的寒夜凝结于物体表面。晴天使地面温度比周围空气的温度下降更快，大气中的湿气在与地面接触时凝结成固体。即使地面上几英尺的空气远高于冰点，也会形成这种冰霜，并且通常在日出后一两个小时内融化。
霜花
霜花（以及相关的“冰带”和“冰须”）是一种薄而细长、非常独特的冰结构，见于深秋或初冬，植物第一次结冰时。
当植物茎秆中的水凝结时，会涌到茎秆裂开的地方，冻结的水从裂口中溢出。由于毛细作用，植物的茎从地面吸收更多水分，从而结出更多冰晶的霜花。
图源：央视新闻
雨凇
当雨点落在温度在冰点以下的表面时，会立即形成所谓的“雨凇”，即光滑、透明的冰层。雨雪过后，可见雨凇覆盖在树枝和植物上。
2018年12月12日，游人在吉林省吉林市丰满区吉丰东路松花江畔观赏雾凇美景。图源：新华网
硬雾淞
随着天气变冷，可能会出现冻雾，当冻雾与风结合时，物体迎风面会形成硬雾凇（hard rime）。Rime字面意思是“白霜”，软雾凇与厚厚的白霜非常相似，但在气象层面上略有不同。此外，硬雾凇要更厚更硬，由高密度的不规则冰晶团聚合在一起形成。
雷雪
在湖泊周围（偶尔出现湖泊效应降雪）和沿海地区最常出现满足雷雪天气的气候条件。在这些地方，阳光让地面温度上升，导致相对温暖潮湿的不稳定空气柱上升，形成湍流云。
但光有云层并不能产生雷雪。只有当云层和地面之间的空气层比云层温度高，但仍冷到足以形成降雪，并且风向切变将温暖的空气稍微向上推时，才会形成雷雪。
雪通常会掩盖雷声，这意味着许多时候可能听不到雷声。
图源：Pexels
积雪
在寒冷季节漫长的地区， 每场雪下完之后都不会融化。其中一些雪会升华（直接从固体转变为气体），特别是在阳光充足和风干燥的地区，但大部分雪会留在地面上。当新雪落在旧雪上面，旧雪的晶体会被新雪覆盖的重量压下来。根据每次降雪间隔的时间长度、雪花类型和天气条件，每层积雪可能具有不同的厚度和密度。
粒雪
当积雪一年又一年堆积起来，就形成了“粒雪”。粒雪比普通积雪密度大得多，这是两个因素导致的：在温暖的季节，一部分雪融化使积雪堆积得更紧密；在寒冷的季节，新雪落在密实的积雪顶部，将晶体推到一起而不融化。
高海拔地区的积雪最终形成冰川，并补充冰川物质，以抵消低海拔地区冰川的融化和崩解。粒雪的密度在每平方米550830公斤之间。这是什么概念呢？刚落下的“粉末”雪的密度约为每平方米50至70公斤。
来源：Mental Floss
编辑：董静 |
洗澡对大家来说是一件很日常的事，不仅可以洗去身上的污垢，还可以缓解疲劳，放松心情。那么冬天应该多久洗一次澡合适？为什么会有人说冬天经常洗澡会导致皮肤发痒？
美国休斯顿贝勒医学院 （Baylor College of Medicine）、美国权威健康网站健康线 （Healthline）以及科普中国都对冬天洗澡展开了研究，一起来看看～
[Photo/Pexels]
为什么冬天洗澡皮肤容易痒？
人体皮肤最外层是角质层，上面有一层酸性皮脂膜，皮脂膜中的脂肪酸、尿素、尿酸、乳酸盐对皮肤有着保护和滋润作用。
The outermost layer of human skin is the stratum corneum, on top of which there is an acid sebaceous film. The fatty acids, urea, uric acid and lactate in the sebaceous film protect and hydrate the skin.
据科普中国介绍，冬季天气寒冷，空气干燥。人体皮脂腺、汗腺分泌的汗液减少，皮脂膜也明显变薄。
皮脂膜最怕经常性的碱性刺激和高温破坏，如果频繁洗澡和大量使用沐浴液，就会使肌肤上正常的角质细胞过多脱落，皮脂膜也会变得更薄，进一步导致保护皮肤的屏障破坏，引起皮肤干燥瘙痒和皮屑加重。
冬季多久洗一次澡比较合适？
对于年轻人来说，冬天2-3天洗一次澡为宜，老人和婴幼儿建议3-5天洗一次，尽量少用清洁产品，用清水洗澡即可。
For young people, it is advisable to take a bath once every 2-3 days in winter, and the elderly as well as infants are recommended to take a bath every 3-5 days. Use cleaning products with harsh chemicals as little as possible.
贝勒医学院皮肤病学教授拉贾尼·卡塔（Rajani Katta）建议淋浴后在擦干身体之前可以先用手轻轻地把皮肤拍干，然后使用润肤乳进行保湿。
Dr. Rajani Katta, professor of dermatology at Baylor, recommended patting the skin partially dry, then using moisturizer cream while skin is still damp after a shower.
早上洗澡好还是晚上洗澡好？
很多人说早上洗澡要比晚上好，此种说法对吗？
事实上，什么时候洗澡取决于想达到什么样的效果，可以根据自身需求选择，并没有严格的规定。
早上洗澡会使头脑清醒，元气满满地进入工作状态。而晚上睡觉前来一个温水浴，在清除皮肤表面污垢的同时，还能加快血液循环，使全身肌肉放松，消除疲劳、改善睡眠。
Taking a bath in the morning can be refreshing, helping you feel more alert at work. By contrast, a warm bath before going to bed can remove the dirt from the surface of the skin, accelerate blood circulation, relax the muscles of the whole body, eliminate fatigue, and improve sleep quality.
洗澡搓掉的泥是什么？
科普中国研究表明，在洗澡的时候，经常会搓出一些灰白色的细长泥状物，俗称搓澡泥。
这些搓澡泥主要是人体皮肤自然产生的代谢产物，包括正常代谢脱落的细胞、皮脂、汗液等，也包括一些体表外来的微生物、化妆品残留等。
During a shower, what we wash away is mainly metabolites of human skin, including cells, sebum, and sweat, as well as external microorganisms on the body surface and cosmetics residue.
冬季洗澡一定要注意这些
■
洗澡时尽量不要锁住浴室的门
冬季洗澡时，绝大多数人都喜欢关紧门窗，但在保暖的同时也容易出现一氧化碳中毒、摔伤、心脑血管疾病突发及低血糖等意外情况，建议打开浴室排风扇或者把门留个缝隙，以防出事时无法及时施救。
When taking a bath in winter, it is recommended to turn on the bathroom exhaust fan to improve circulation, and leave the door ajar so that you can be reached quickly if an accident occurs.
■
不要用力搓澡
经常用热水浸泡、用力搓洗容易导致皮肤角质细胞过多脱落，使皮脂膜变薄，失去皮肤屏障保护功能，使皮肤变干或引发皮肤疾病。
英国伦敦卡多根诊所的皮肤科顾问德里克·菲利普斯建议洗澡的时候动作要轻柔，避免使用香味太重的产品，然后使用乳霜或乳液等温和的润肤剂，帮助恢复皮肤的油脂，同时避免刺激皮肤。
Derrick Phillips, consultant dermatologist at the Cadogan Clinic in London, recommends being very gentle in the shower. Avoid products with fragrances and always use a gentle emollient like cream or lotion afterward to help restore oils in the skin and avoid irritation.
“搓澡会搓走表层皮肤的天然油脂，导致皮肤干燥和刺激，这对那些患有湿疹以及皮肤本来就干燥的人来说尤其成问题。”
"Washing strips natural oils from the upper layer of the skin, leading to drying and irritation" Phillips says. "This can be particularly problematic in those with eczema who have naturally dry skin."
■
洗澡时间不要过长
拉贾尼·卡塔建议，在冬季，用温水洗澡的时间不要超过10-15分钟。
Dr. Rajani Katta, recommends showering with lukewarm water for no more than 10 to 15 minutes during wintery months.
时间过长容易出现疲劳、体力减弱，还容易引发心脑血管疾病。患有严重高血压、冠心病或者久病初愈人群，在洗澡时应有专人陪护。
■
水温不要过高
水温过高，容易增加心脏负担，洗澡水温以40℃左右为宜，洗完换衣服时也应注意保暖，防止着凉。
贝勒医学院研究表明，在冬天洗个热水澡可能会让人觉得神清气爽，但它会让皮肤变得更加干燥。洗澡时的水温过高会加剧皮肤干燥，由此产生的损害可能会持续很长一段时间。
A hot steamy bath might feel good during the winter months but it could leave your skin desperate for moisture. Doctors at Baylor College of Medicine say the higher temperatures at bath time increase dry skin, which could have long-term damaging effects.
“在寒冷的天气里长时间的热水淋浴可以舒缓皮肤，但这实际上对皮肤不好。洗澡的时候水温很高，皮肤上的水分会蒸发，一旦结束淋浴，皮肤会变得更干燥，” 拉贾尼·卡塔解释说。
"Even though long hot showers feel soothing to the skin during cold weather, it is actually hard on the skin," she said. "The high water temperature and the evaporation of water off the skin once out of the shower, causes the skin to become drier."
■
洗澡不要过于频繁
减少洗澡频次，适量使用沐浴用品，如果出现皮肤瘙痒，一定要注意护理，洗完澡后再涂抹适量具有保湿功效的护肤产品。
“洗完澡后涂上富含神经酰胺的润肤乳，有助于恢复天然油脂，修复皮肤屏障。”德里克·菲利普斯补充道。
"Generous application of an emollient rich in ceramides immediately after washing will help to restore the natural oils and repair the skin barrier," adds Phillips.
■
据美国健康网站健康线（Healthline），每天洗澡对身体并无大碍，以下小贴士可以帮助你养成更为健康的洗澡习惯：
►
Bathe daily if it works for your lifestyle and body type；
出于个人生活方式需要或者体型需要，可以每天洗澡；
►
Bathe every other day if you're concerned about saving water or a skin condition；
需要节约用水或者皮肤状况不允许每天洗澡的话，每隔一天洗一次澡；
►
Spot cleaning is better than nothing if you can't shower daily；
如果不能天天洗澡的话，局部清洗总比不清洗好；
►
Avoid products that are overly drying；
避免使用过于干燥的清洁产品；
►
Avoid using scrubs or exfoliation techniques more than once a week；
使用磨砂工具或去角质工具一周不超过一次；
►
Use body moisturizers and lotions after every shower or bath.
每次沐浴后使用润肤霜和乳液进行保湿。
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：商桢 李金昳 丹妮） | [Photo/Pexels]
The outermost layer of human skin is the stratum corneum, on top of which there is an acid sebaceous film. The fatty acids, urea, uric acid and lactate in the sebaceous film protect and hydrate the skin.
For young people, it is advisable to take a bath once every 2-3 days in winter, and the elderly as well as infants are recommended to take a bath every 3-5 days. Use cleaning products with harsh chemicals as little as possible.
Dr. Rajani Katta, professor of dermatology at Baylor, recommended patting the skin partially dry, then using moisturizer cream while skin is still damp after a shower.
Taking a bath in the morning can be refreshing, helping you feel more alert at work. By contrast, a warm bath before going to bed can remove the dirt from the surface of the skin, accelerate blood circulation, relax the muscles of the whole body, eliminate fatigue, and improve sleep quality.
During a shower, what we wash away is mainly metabolites of human skin, including cells, sebum, and sweat, as well as external microorganisms on the body surface and cosmetics residue.
■
When taking a bath in winter, it is recommended to turn on the bathroom exhaust fan to improve circulation, and leave the door ajar so that you can be reached quickly if an accident occurs.
■
Derrick Phillips, consultant dermatologist at the Cadogan Clinic in London, recommends being very gentle in the shower. Avoid products with fragrances and always use a gentle emollient like cream or lotion afterward to help restore oils in the skin and avoid irritation.
"Washing strips natural oils from the upper layer of the skin, leading to drying and irritation" Phillips says. "This can be particularly problematic in those with eczema who have naturally dry skin."
■
Dr. Rajani Katta, recommends showering with lukewarm water for no more than 10 to 15 minutes during wintery months.
■
A hot steamy bath might feel good during the winter months but it could leave your skin desperate for moisture. Doctors at Baylor College of Medicine say the higher temperatures at bath time increase dry skin, which could have long-term damaging effects.
"Even though long hot showers feel soothing to the skin during cold weather, it is actually hard on the skin," she said. "The high water temperature and the evaporation of water off the skin once out of the shower, causes the skin to become drier."
■
"Generous application of an emollient rich in ceramides immediately after washing will help to restore the natural oils and repair the skin barrier," adds Phillips.
■
►
Bathe daily if it works for your lifestyle and body type；
►
Bathe every other day if you're concerned about saving water or a skin condition；
►
Spot cleaning is better than nothing if you can't shower daily；
►
Avoid products that are overly drying；
►
Avoid using scrubs or exfoliation techniques more than once a week；
►
Use body moisturizers and lotions after every shower or bath. | 洗澡对大家来说是一件很日常的事，不仅可以洗去身上的污垢，还可以缓解疲劳，放松心情。那么冬天应该多久洗一次澡合适？为什么会有人说冬天经常洗澡会导致皮肤发痒？
美国休斯顿贝勒医学院 （Baylor College of Medicine）、美国权威健康网站健康线 （Healthline）以及科普中国都对冬天洗澡展开了研究，一起来看看～
为什么冬天洗澡皮肤容易痒？
人体皮肤最外层是角质层，上面有一层酸性皮脂膜，皮脂膜中的脂肪酸、尿素、尿酸、乳酸盐对皮肤有着保护和滋润作用。
据科普中国介绍，冬季天气寒冷，空气干燥。人体皮脂腺、汗腺分泌的汗液减少，皮脂膜也明显变薄。
皮脂膜最怕经常性的碱性刺激和高温破坏，如果频繁洗澡和大量使用沐浴液，就会使肌肤上正常的角质细胞过多脱落，皮脂膜也会变得更薄，进一步导致保护皮肤的屏障破坏，引起皮肤干燥瘙痒和皮屑加重。
冬季多久洗一次澡比较合适？
对于年轻人来说，冬天2-3天洗一次澡为宜，老人和婴幼儿建议3-5天洗一次，尽量少用清洁产品，用清水洗澡即可。
贝勒医学院皮肤病学教授拉贾尼·卡塔（Rajani Katta）建议淋浴后在擦干身体之前可以先用手轻轻地把皮肤拍干，然后使用润肤乳进行保湿。
早上洗澡好还是晚上洗澡好？
很多人说早上洗澡要比晚上好，此种说法对吗？
事实上，什么时候洗澡取决于想达到什么样的效果，可以根据自身需求选择，并没有严格的规定。
早上洗澡会使头脑清醒，元气满满地进入工作状态。而晚上睡觉前来一个温水浴，在清除皮肤表面污垢的同时，还能加快血液循环，使全身肌肉放松，消除疲劳、改善睡眠。
洗澡搓掉的泥是什么？
科普中国研究表明，在洗澡的时候，经常会搓出一些灰白色的细长泥状物，俗称搓澡泥。
这些搓澡泥主要是人体皮肤自然产生的代谢产物，包括正常代谢脱落的细胞、皮脂、汗液等，也包括一些体表外来的微生物、化妆品残留等。
冬季洗澡一定要注意这些
洗澡时尽量不要锁住浴室的门
冬季洗澡时，绝大多数人都喜欢关紧门窗，但在保暖的同时也容易出现一氧化碳中毒、摔伤、心脑血管疾病突发及低血糖等意外情况，建议打开浴室排风扇或者把门留个缝隙，以防出事时无法及时施救。
不要用力搓澡
经常用热水浸泡、用力搓洗容易导致皮肤角质细胞过多脱落，使皮脂膜变薄，失去皮肤屏障保护功能，使皮肤变干或引发皮肤疾病。
英国伦敦卡多根诊所的皮肤科顾问德里克·菲利普斯建议洗澡的时候动作要轻柔，避免使用香味太重的产品，然后使用乳霜或乳液等温和的润肤剂，帮助恢复皮肤的油脂，同时避免刺激皮肤。
“搓澡会搓走表层皮肤的天然油脂，导致皮肤干燥和刺激，这对那些患有湿疹以及皮肤本来就干燥的人来说尤其成问题。”
洗澡时间不要过长
拉贾尼·卡塔建议，在冬季，用温水洗澡的时间不要超过10-15分钟。
时间过长容易出现疲劳、体力减弱，还容易引发心脑血管疾病。患有严重高血压、冠心病或者久病初愈人群，在洗澡时应有专人陪护。
水温不要过高
水温过高，容易增加心脏负担，洗澡水温以40℃左右为宜，洗完换衣服时也应注意保暖，防止着凉。
贝勒医学院研究表明，在冬天洗个热水澡可能会让人觉得神清气爽，但它会让皮肤变得更加干燥。洗澡时的水温过高会加剧皮肤干燥，由此产生的损害可能会持续很长一段时间。
“在寒冷的天气里长时间的热水淋浴可以舒缓皮肤，但这实际上对皮肤不好。洗澡的时候水温很高，皮肤上的水分会蒸发，一旦结束淋浴，皮肤会变得更干燥，” 拉贾尼·卡塔解释说。
洗澡不要过于频繁
减少洗澡频次，适量使用沐浴用品，如果出现皮肤瘙痒，一定要注意护理，洗完澡后再涂抹适量具有保湿功效的护肤产品。
“洗完澡后涂上富含神经酰胺的润肤乳，有助于恢复天然油脂，修复皮肤屏障。”德里克·菲利普斯补充道。
据美国健康网站健康线（Healthline），每天洗澡对身体并无大碍，以下小贴士可以帮助你养成更为健康的洗澡习惯：
出于个人生活方式需要或者体型需要，可以每天洗澡；
需要节约用水或者皮肤状况不允许每天洗澡的话，每隔一天洗一次澡；
如果不能天天洗澡的话，局部清洗总比不清洗好；
避免使用过于干燥的清洁产品；
使用磨砂工具或去角质工具一周不超过一次；
每次沐浴后使用润肤霜和乳液进行保湿。
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：商桢 李金昳 丹妮） |
你有“潮人恐惧症”吗？街上看到打扮不寻常的潮男潮女会不会不自觉避开一点走？
B站UP主“元气小鸡血”在视频里总结了几点“潮人恐惧症”的常见表现：
❶ 有很多不敢去的地方
如精酿酒馆、小众咖啡馆、商场里装潢前卫的理发店。
❷ 会变得拘束
在景点拍照会碍于“潮人”等着拍而变得姿势不自然。
❸ 误以为所有潮人都很高冷
看照片时仅凭穿着打扮妆容等就得出“这个人不好接近”的结论。
无论是打车、买奶茶、理发还是蹦音乐节，网友们都表示：好怕我的土影响到别人。
► 我真的好害怕潮流一族。有一次打车遇到潮男司机，我坐在车内浑身僵直，手紧抠住车门圈！
► 跟朋友去逛街她要去潮流店铺看一看，站在店门口透过玻璃门看到里面布满时尚的店员和顾客，我心理压力巨大，推门的手微微颤抖。真的好可怕好可怕好可怕啊啊啊啊啊啊！！！
► 我感觉我同时有潮人恐惧症和人潮恐惧症，所以类似夜店和电音节。人多又全是潮人的地方我巨害怕。
► 我在离家近的奶茶店想买果茶，准备进去时发现店员又是花臂又是浓妆，而且有还有两个穿的很潮的人在等，我又开车去了个离家远的。
有人还解释说，“潮恐”和“社恐”不是一回事。“潮恐”是指害怕自己不够潮而无法融入的情况。
这种情形在英文中称作 “fashion anxiety时尚焦虑”，而导致这一点的是 “fashion bullying时尚霸凌”。
在学生时代，“时尚霸凌”就已初现端倪。如果你发现中学生买衣服时过分挑剔，但又因买不起而纠结，那么他们或许在学校已经经历了“时尚霸凌”。
With fashion magazines, advertisements and teenage icons sporting the "latest and greatest" trends, there's a lot of pressure on teenagers to fit the mold...no matter how expensive it might be.
时尚杂志、广告和青少年偶像们展现出“最新和最棒”的潮流，无论多贵，青少年们都在被迫去适应这种模式。
For decades, teenage and adolescent boys and girls have used fashion as a social weapon. Bullies will pick out peers that aren't wearing the best brands of clothing and criticize them.
几十年来，青少年们一直将时尚作为一种社交武器。霸凌者会挑出没穿牌子货的同龄人来批评。
Dr. Jensen, a professor at Western Illinois University in Macomb, says there are some tell-tale signs your child might be a victim of fashion bullying. They'll become picky about what clothes they wear and will be very demanding when you take them shopping.
詹森博士是西伊利诺伊大学马库姆分校的教授，他说，有一些迹象表明你的孩子可能是时尚霸凌的受害者。他们会对穿什么衣服变得挑剔，你带他们去购物时他们会要求很高。
英国教师与讲师协会的调查发现：孩子们被迫购买特定品牌的产品以融入同龄人。这一霸凌现象十分常见——甚至只需要一个眼神。
Dr Mary Bousted, the general secretary of The Association of Teachers and Lecturers said: "Bullying of this kind can be quite insidious, it can just be a look that a child is given. Advertising and marketing have made our society increasingly image-conscious and our children are suffering the consequences. Schools and colleges should be places where all children feel equal, but it is virtually impossible for schools to protect their pupils from the harsher aspects of these commercial influences."
教师和讲师协会秘书长玛丽·鲍斯特德博士说：“这种欺凌行为相当阴险，可能只是瞥一眼那个被欺凌的小孩。广告和营销活动使我们的社会越来越注重个人形象，而我们的孩子正承受其后果。中学和大学应该是所有孩子都感到平等的地方，但学校几乎不可能保护学生免受这些商业活动的恶性影响。”
Andy Cranham, a teacher at City of Bristol College said: "The need to belong in groups is paramount to young learners and exclusion is something they see as the end of the world."
布里斯托城市学院的一位教师安迪·克兰厄姆说：“对于年轻学生来说，群体归属感是最重要的事情，被排斥在外会让他们觉得是世界末日。”
这么看，穿校服的确是不错的办法，时尚只存在于被遮住的内搭和卷起的裤脚上。
此外，成年人自然也无法逃脱“时尚霸凌”。美国早年间的时尚节目
What Not to Wear
《千万别穿这个》就被人诟病“时尚霸权”。
What Not to Wear
, a popular television show, features fashion bullying as entertainment. Each week Stacy and Clinton ambush a fashion victim, belittling her appearance, and both verbally and literally trashing her wardrobe. They harass and harangue the victim while she shops according to their “fashion rules.”
《千万别穿这个》是一档受欢迎的电视节目，从时尚霸凌中获得娱乐效果。主持人斯泰西和克林顿每周都会“伏击”一位时尚受害者，贬低她的外表，口头上和字幕上都在嘲弄她的衣橱。在受害者购物时，他们会依照自己的“时尚规则”对她唠叨不休。
After she submits to a total fashion renovation, Stacy and Clinton offer her acceptance and approval. Each show climaxes with a homecoming celebration where the former fashion disaster returns to fawning friends and family who gush with admiration as the remade sophisticated, self-confident “new woman” sweeps into the room.
在她接受了一次彻底的时尚变装后，斯泰西和克林顿才会接纳和赞扬她。每集节目都以回家庆祝活动为高潮，昔日的“时尚灾难”回到满嘴恭维的家人朋友身边，这位精致自信的“新女性”重新登场时，他们赞不绝口。
这档节目让人不免想起去年初芒果TV的《你怎么这么好看》被人民网评论批评为“缺乏尊重”：
无论是冲进别人家中对他人生活随意做出评价，还是嘉宾频频表现出一脸嫌弃的表情，抑或是当海归女博士明确表示对化妆没有兴趣、不喜欢消费主义之后，依然按照嘉宾自己的喜好强行改造，都暴露了嘉宾令人堪忧的专业素养，也看不到对人的尊重、对多样性的尊重。
网友的期待则是：嘉宾应当非常暖心，注重对他人的理解和尊重，不会把自己的价值观强加在被改造的人身上，也不去否定别人的生活。在节目环节上要做到用心倾听、推心置腹，真切体会素人的痛点与需求，不过分地论断他人，并设身处地从他人需求上去改变、提升对方的生活品质。
如果是囿于时间、金钱、体重、和复杂的时尚规则等原因而无法变身“潮人”，你其实不必担心。如高赞网友在时尚论坛里所说：
I think beauty is probably at the base of fashion, and the problem comes when so called “stylish” people start defining beauty in a way that excludes other people.
我认为美是时尚的基础。但问题出在所谓“时髦”的人开始定义美，隔绝了其他人。
Why wait for a trend in order to wear something in its wake? If you're able to wear something with confidence, YOU will be the one starting a trend.
为什么要等潮流，穿什么都亦步亦趋呢？如果你穿衣服有自信，那么你就会成为弄潮儿。
Notes
sport [spɔːt] v 得意地穿戴；故意显示
insidious [ɪnˈsɪdiəs] adj 潜伏的；隐袭的
paramount [ˈpærəmaʊnt] adj 至为重要的；首要的
belittling [bɪˈlɪtl] 贬低；小看
harangue [həˈræŋ] v 呵斥；大声谴责；慷慨激昂地劝说
fawn [fɔːn] v ~ on sb 恭维；讨好；巴结
编辑：李金昳
来源：人民网 新京报 微博 卫报 Bilibili The Fashion Spot | With fashion magazines, advertisements and teenage icons sporting the "latest and greatest" trends, there's a lot of pressure on teenagers to fit the mold...no matter how expensive it might be.
For decades, teenage and adolescent boys and girls have used fashion as a social weapon. Bullies will pick out peers that aren't wearing the best brands of clothing and criticize them.
Dr. Jensen, a professor at Western Illinois University in Macomb, says there are some tell-tale signs your child might be a victim of fashion bullying. They'll become picky about what clothes they wear and will be very demanding when you take them shopping.
Dr Mary Bousted, the general secretary of The Association of Teachers and Lecturers said: "Bullying of this kind can be quite insidious, it can just be a look that a child is given. Advertising and marketing have made our society increasingly image-conscious and our children are suffering the consequences. Schools and colleges should be places where all children feel equal, but it is virtually impossible for schools to protect their pupils from the harsher aspects of these commercial influences."
Andy Cranham, a teacher at City of Bristol College said: "The need to belong in groups is paramount to young learners and exclusion is something they see as the end of the world."
What Not to Wear
What Not to Wear
, a popular television show, features fashion bullying as entertainment. Each week Stacy and Clinton ambush a fashion victim, belittling her appearance, and both verbally and literally trashing her wardrobe. They harass and harangue the victim while she shops according to their “fashion rules.”
After she submits to a total fashion renovation, Stacy and Clinton offer her acceptance and approval. Each show climaxes with a homecoming celebration where the former fashion disaster returns to fawning friends and family who gush with admiration as the remade sophisticated, self-confident “new woman” sweeps into the room.
I think beauty is probably at the base of fashion, and the problem comes when so called “stylish” people start defining beauty in a way that excludes other people.
Why wait for a trend in order to wear something in its wake? If you're able to wear something with confidence, YOU will be the one starting a trend.
Notes | 你有“潮人恐惧症”吗？街上看到打扮不寻常的潮男潮女会不会不自觉避开一点走？
B站UP主“元气小鸡血”在视频里总结了几点“潮人恐惧症”的常见表现：
❶ 有很多不敢去的地方
如精酿酒馆、小众咖啡馆、商场里装潢前卫的理发店。
❷ 会变得拘束
在景点拍照会碍于“潮人”等着拍而变得姿势不自然。
❸ 误以为所有潮人都很高冷
看照片时仅凭穿着打扮妆容等就得出“这个人不好接近”的结论。
无论是打车、买奶茶、理发还是蹦音乐节，网友们都表示：好怕我的土影响到别人。
► 我真的好害怕潮流一族。有一次打车遇到潮男司机，我坐在车内浑身僵直，手紧抠住车门圈！
► 跟朋友去逛街她要去潮流店铺看一看，站在店门口透过玻璃门看到里面布满时尚的店员和顾客，我心理压力巨大，推门的手微微颤抖。真的好可怕好可怕好可怕啊啊啊啊啊啊！！！
► 我感觉我同时有潮人恐惧症和人潮恐惧症，所以类似夜店和电音节。人多又全是潮人的地方我巨害怕。
► 我在离家近的奶茶店想买果茶，准备进去时发现店员又是花臂又是浓妆，而且有还有两个穿的很潮的人在等，我又开车去了个离家远的。
有人还解释说，“潮恐”和“社恐”不是一回事。“潮恐”是指害怕自己不够潮而无法融入的情况。
这种情形在英文中称作 “fashion anxiety时尚焦虑”，而导致这一点的是 “fashion bullying时尚霸凌”。
在学生时代，“时尚霸凌”就已初现端倪。如果你发现中学生买衣服时过分挑剔，但又因买不起而纠结，那么他们或许在学校已经经历了“时尚霸凌”。
时尚杂志、广告和青少年偶像们展现出“最新和最棒”的潮流，无论多贵，青少年们都在被迫去适应这种模式。
几十年来，青少年们一直将时尚作为一种社交武器。霸凌者会挑出没穿牌子货的同龄人来批评。
詹森博士是西伊利诺伊大学马库姆分校的教授，他说，有一些迹象表明你的孩子可能是时尚霸凌的受害者。他们会对穿什么衣服变得挑剔，你带他们去购物时他们会要求很高。
英国教师与讲师协会的调查发现：孩子们被迫购买特定品牌的产品以融入同龄人。这一霸凌现象十分常见——甚至只需要一个眼神。
教师和讲师协会秘书长玛丽·鲍斯特德博士说：“这种欺凌行为相当阴险，可能只是瞥一眼那个被欺凌的小孩。广告和营销活动使我们的社会越来越注重个人形象，而我们的孩子正承受其后果。中学和大学应该是所有孩子都感到平等的地方，但学校几乎不可能保护学生免受这些商业活动的恶性影响。”
布里斯托城市学院的一位教师安迪·克兰厄姆说：“对于年轻学生来说，群体归属感是最重要的事情，被排斥在外会让他们觉得是世界末日。”
这么看，穿校服的确是不错的办法，时尚只存在于被遮住的内搭和卷起的裤脚上。
此外，成年人自然也无法逃脱“时尚霸凌”。美国早年间的时尚节目
《千万别穿这个》就被人诟病“时尚霸权”。
《千万别穿这个》是一档受欢迎的电视节目，从时尚霸凌中获得娱乐效果。主持人斯泰西和克林顿每周都会“伏击”一位时尚受害者，贬低她的外表，口头上和字幕上都在嘲弄她的衣橱。在受害者购物时，他们会依照自己的“时尚规则”对她唠叨不休。
在她接受了一次彻底的时尚变装后，斯泰西和克林顿才会接纳和赞扬她。每集节目都以回家庆祝活动为高潮，昔日的“时尚灾难”回到满嘴恭维的家人朋友身边，这位精致自信的“新女性”重新登场时，他们赞不绝口。
这档节目让人不免想起去年初芒果TV的《你怎么这么好看》被人民网评论批评为“缺乏尊重”：
无论是冲进别人家中对他人生活随意做出评价，还是嘉宾频频表现出一脸嫌弃的表情，抑或是当海归女博士明确表示对化妆没有兴趣、不喜欢消费主义之后，依然按照嘉宾自己的喜好强行改造，都暴露了嘉宾令人堪忧的专业素养，也看不到对人的尊重、对多样性的尊重。
网友的期待则是：嘉宾应当非常暖心，注重对他人的理解和尊重，不会把自己的价值观强加在被改造的人身上，也不去否定别人的生活。在节目环节上要做到用心倾听、推心置腹，真切体会素人的痛点与需求，不过分地论断他人，并设身处地从他人需求上去改变、提升对方的生活品质。
如果是囿于时间、金钱、体重、和复杂的时尚规则等原因而无法变身“潮人”，你其实不必担心。如高赞网友在时尚论坛里所说：
我认为美是时尚的基础。但问题出在所谓“时髦”的人开始定义美，隔绝了其他人。
为什么要等潮流，穿什么都亦步亦趋呢？如果你穿衣服有自信，那么你就会成为弄潮儿。
sport [spɔːt] v 得意地穿戴；故意显示
insidious [ɪnˈsɪdiəs] adj 潜伏的；隐袭的
paramount [ˈpærəmaʊnt] adj 至为重要的；首要的
belittling [bɪˈlɪtl] 贬低；小看
harangue [həˈræŋ] v 呵斥；大声谴责；慷慨激昂地劝说
fawn [fɔːn] v ~ on sb 恭维；讨好；巴结
编辑：李金昳
来源：人民网 新京报 微博 卫报 Bilibili The Fashion Spot |
今年，综艺《忘不了餐厅》的线下实体店在上海落地。在这里，8名有认知障碍的老人与其他服务员一起，用细致的服务和乐观的态度给每一位顾客带去温暖。老人们说：“在这里，我真的变得快乐和自信。”
朱彩萍在餐厅工作。摄影：贺琦/中国日报
When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago, she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life.
三年前，73岁的朱彩萍被诊断为轻度认知障碍。深陷焦虑、抑郁甚至自卑情绪已是她的生活常态。
It was not until last year, after she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant server, that her situation began to improve dramatically.
去年，她参加了一档综艺，成为餐厅服务员，一切才开始明显好转。
The restaurant in Shanghai where she works is the Forget Me Not Cafe, a bricks-and-mortar spinoff of the reality show of the same name. The restaurant shares the reality show's goal of providing job opportunities for elderly people who have Alzheimer's disease or other cognitive impairments.
她在上海的“忘不了餐厅”工作。作为同名综艺衍生的实体店，该餐厅与其目标一致——为患有老年痴呆症或其他认知障碍的老年人提供就业机会。
The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments who take turns working with other waiters to help customers.
现在，餐厅内有八名患有认知障碍的老年员工，轮流与其他服务员一同帮助顾客。
"I provide basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders. I can now remember all the dishes on the menu," said Zhu, who has come to the restaurant three times a week since February and works three hours a day.
朱彩萍说：“我只做些小事，比如倒倒水、点个餐、上个菜什么的。现在，菜单上的所有菜品我基本都能记住了。”2月份起，朱彩萍每周来这家餐厅三次，每次工作三个小时。
"The colleagues take good care of us. They never allow us to deliver hot dishes such as soups. The guests are also very tolerant of us, because sometimes we make mistakes," she added.
她补充说：“同事们对我们很好，太烫的汤菜也不让我们上。有时也犯点错，但客人们都很宽容。”
In addition to providing services, the elderly employees participate in welfare activities organized by volunteers, such as baking, dancing and learning English. Other elderly people with cognitive impairment are also invited to participate.
除了在餐厅帮帮忙之外，老年雇员还参加志愿者组织的福利活动，烘焙、跳舞和英语课之类的。这些活动里，也有其它被邀参加的有认知障碍的老年人。
"These activities are essential for me. They reactivate my brain," Zhu said. "What old people like us worry about most is that our brain stagnates due to being inactive."
朱彩萍表示：“搞搞这些活动对我很关键，可以锻炼我的大脑。像我们这样的老年人最担心的就是，大脑太长时间不用就转不动了。”
Because of memory loss, Zhu writes down all the information she wants to remember on sticky notes, such as the names of the volunteers and teacher as well as English words.
上了年纪的朱彩萍有些健忘，因此她将记不住的东西都写在便笺上，比如各位志愿者和老师的名字，还有英语单词。
"But I really became happy and confident because of being here," she said.
朱彩萍说：“不过在这里我确实更快乐、更自信了。”
Understanding the painful difficulty of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, Zhu wants to help elderly people in a similar situation.
深知患认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的痛苦，朱彩萍也希望帮助处于类似情况的老年人。
"There are many seniors with similar conditions who visit us accompanied by their families. I will pay special attention to them, because I used to have the same feelings as they do," Zhu said.
朱彩萍说：“有很多有类似情况的老年人会在他们家人的陪同下拜访我们。我会特别关注他们，因为我曾和他们有着同样的感受。”
She recalled one customer in particular, a 58-year-old woman from Jiangsu province, whose husband brings her to the restaurant.
她特别提到一位顾客，那是一个58岁来自江苏的妇女，当时由丈夫带着来到餐厅。
"When she came here for the first time, she barely said a word and was expressionless and indifferent. I told her that she must speak and communicate, and I left her homework every time with rewards," Zhu said.
朱彩萍说：“她第一次来这里时，一句话也不说，面无表情，无动于衷。我告诉她，她要说点什么，和大家交流交流。然后我每次都会给她留下作业，完成以后给她奖励。”
The woman has since come to the restaurant every Friday, and after several months, her condition has improved.
此后，这位阿姨每周五都会来餐厅。几个月后，她的病情有所好转。
"She started to comment that the food was 'delicious' and to talk to others. Moreover, she began to embrace me every time," Zhu said.
朱彩萍说：“她开始说吃的很不错，开始慢慢和其他人交谈。此外，她每次都会来抱抱我。”
"People with cognitive impairment actually refuse and fear to communicate with society, but this will aggravate their condition," she added. "Helping more people like us is the meaning of this restaurant and what I am eager to do most."
“有认知障碍的人会拒绝和害怕融入社会，这样反而会加重他们的病情，”她补充道，“这家餐厅的意义在于帮助更多像我们这样的人，这也是我最渴望做的事情。”
In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.
除了为老年人提供就业机会外，餐厅外的一块宣传板上还张贴了有关认知障碍和阿尔兹海默症的信息，帮助人们及时发现症状并尽快寻求治疗。
Zeng Rong, a co-founder of the restaurant, said the reality show
Forget Me Not
Cafe
has had a great impact on elderly people with cognitive impairment. "I can see that the elderly participating in the show have obviously changed."
这家餐厅的联合创始人曾荣说，综艺《忘不了餐厅》对有认知障碍的老年人产生了巨大影响。“我可以看到，参加节目的老年人都发生了明显的变化。”
As China faces an aging population, the increasing number of seniors with cognitive impairment has become a significant social issue.
中国人口渐趋老龄化，越来越多老年人患有认知障碍，这已成为一个不容忽视的社会问题。
According to the seventh National Census last year, 38.77 million people ages 60 and over in China have been diagnosed with cognitive impairment, including 9.83 million patients with Alzheimer's disease.
据去年第七次全国人口普查结果显示，3877万60岁及以上的中国人被诊断为认知障碍，其中包括983万名阿尔茨海默症患者。
With the deterioration of brain function, they may gradually lose memory and the ability to take care of themselves and might even see the loss of emotions.
随着大脑功能的不断退化，患者可能会逐渐丧失记忆、无法照顾自己，甚至失去感情。
"We should feel lucky that the whole of society is concerned about the seniors, especially for people like us. The neighborhood committee always checks on our situation and watches for other elderly people with symptoms," Zhu said.
朱彩萍说：“我们应该感到幸运，全社会都在关心老年人，特别是像我们这样患有认知障碍的老年人。居委会时刻关注我们的情况和其他有症状的老年人。”
Shanghai is also home to other eateries that provide help and support for vulnerable groups.
上海还有许多帮扶弱势群体的餐馆。
Last year, the cafe Hinchijou went viral after word spread that half its employees have disabilities, especially hearing impairment. Also known as the Bear Paw Cafe, it features a hole in a wall through which a furry bear paw serves coffee to customers and protects the employees.
去年，一家名为“Hinchijou”的咖啡馆在上海走红了。原因是这里的员工有一半身患残疾，主要是听力障碍。Hinchijou还有一个更为人熟知的名字：熊掌咖啡馆。它家的特色是墙上有一个洞，毛茸茸的熊掌从这个洞里伸出来，给顾客递咖啡，同时也能保护员工。
In 2018, A-Coffee was established in the city, training people with autism to become professional baristas and waiters and providing them with opportunities for social interaction.
2018年，A-Coffee在上海开业，旨在培训自闭症患者成为专业咖啡师和服务员，为他们提供融入社会的机会。
"The popularity of these special cafes and restaurants shows that many people in the city pay attention to public welfare, which is the embodiment of Shanghai's soft power," said Lyu Xiaohui, who is on the standing committee of the Xuhui District Committee and is director of its publicity department.
徐汇区区委常委、宣传部部长吕晓辉表示，这些特色咖啡馆和餐厅受到欢迎表明上海很多人都重视公益事业，这是上海软实力的体现。
"We have good public welfare and volunteer organizations," Lyu added. "The government does a good job in planning and services, and residents are enthusiastic about participating. Together, these add to the warmth of our city."
吕晓辉补充道，上海有良好的社会福利和公益志愿组织，政府在规划和服务方面做得很好，居民也积极参与；所有这些形成合力，温暖了这座城市。
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：陈月华 周婵 商桢 丹妮） | When Zhu Caiping, 73, was diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment three years ago, she found that anxiety, depression and even looking down on herself became normal in her life.
It was not until last year, after she participated in a reality show and became a restaurant server, that her situation began to improve dramatically.
The restaurant in Shanghai where she works is the Forget Me Not Cafe, a bricks-and-mortar spinoff of the reality show of the same name. The restaurant shares the reality show's goal of providing job opportunities for elderly people who have Alzheimer's disease or other cognitive impairments.
The cafe has eight elderly employees with cognitive impairments who take turns working with other waiters to help customers.
"I provide basic services for guests, such as pouring water, serving and taking orders. I can now remember all the dishes on the menu," said Zhu, who has come to the restaurant three times a week since February and works three hours a day.
"The colleagues take good care of us. They never allow us to deliver hot dishes such as soups. The guests are also very tolerant of us, because sometimes we make mistakes," she added.
In addition to providing services, the elderly employees participate in welfare activities organized by volunteers, such as baking, dancing and learning English. Other elderly people with cognitive impairment are also invited to participate.
"These activities are essential for me. They reactivate my brain," Zhu said. "What old people like us worry about most is that our brain stagnates due to being inactive."
Because of memory loss, Zhu writes down all the information she wants to remember on sticky notes, such as the names of the volunteers and teacher as well as English words.
"But I really became happy and confident because of being here," she said.
Understanding the painful difficulty of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, Zhu wants to help elderly people in a similar situation.
"There are many seniors with similar conditions who visit us accompanied by their families. I will pay special attention to them, because I used to have the same feelings as they do," Zhu said.
She recalled one customer in particular, a 58-year-old woman from Jiangsu province, whose husband brings her to the restaurant.
"When she came here for the first time, she barely said a word and was expressionless and indifferent. I told her that she must speak and communicate, and I left her homework every time with rewards," Zhu said.
The woman has since come to the restaurant every Friday, and after several months, her condition has improved.
"She started to comment that the food was 'delicious' and to talk to others. Moreover, she began to embrace me every time," Zhu said.
"People with cognitive impairment actually refuse and fear to communicate with society, but this will aggravate their condition," she added. "Helping more people like us is the meaning of this restaurant and what I am eager to do most."
In addition to the job opportunities for the elderly, information about cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease is posted on a board outside the restaurant to help people recognize symptoms and seek treatment as soon as possible.
Zeng Rong, a co-founder of the restaurant, said the reality show
Forget Me Not
Cafe
has had a great impact on elderly people with cognitive impairment. "I can see that the elderly participating in the show have obviously changed."
As China faces an aging population, the increasing number of seniors with cognitive impairment has become a significant social issue.
According to the seventh National Census last year, 38.77 million people ages 60 and over in China have been diagnosed with cognitive impairment, including 9.83 million patients with Alzheimer's disease.
With the deterioration of brain function, they may gradually lose memory and the ability to take care of themselves and might even see the loss of emotions.
"We should feel lucky that the whole of society is concerned about the seniors, especially for people like us. The neighborhood committee always checks on our situation and watches for other elderly people with symptoms," Zhu said.
Shanghai is also home to other eateries that provide help and support for vulnerable groups.
Last year, the cafe Hinchijou went viral after word spread that half its employees have disabilities, especially hearing impairment. Also known as the Bear Paw Cafe, it features a hole in a wall through which a furry bear paw serves coffee to customers and protects the employees.
In 2018, A-Coffee was established in the city, training people with autism to become professional baristas and waiters and providing them with opportunities for social interaction.
"The popularity of these special cafes and restaurants shows that many people in the city pay attention to public welfare, which is the embodiment of Shanghai's soft power," said Lyu Xiaohui, who is on the standing committee of the Xuhui District Committee and is director of its publicity department.
"We have good public welfare and volunteer organizations," Lyu added. "The government does a good job in planning and services, and residents are enthusiastic about participating. Together, these add to the warmth of our city." | 今年，综艺《忘不了餐厅》的线下实体店在上海落地。在这里，8名有认知障碍的老人与其他服务员一起，用细致的服务和乐观的态度给每一位顾客带去温暖。老人们说：“在这里，我真的变得快乐和自信。”
朱彩萍在餐厅工作。摄影：贺琦/中国日报
三年前，73岁的朱彩萍被诊断为轻度认知障碍。深陷焦虑、抑郁甚至自卑情绪已是她的生活常态。
去年，她参加了一档综艺，成为餐厅服务员，一切才开始明显好转。
她在上海的“忘不了餐厅”工作。作为同名综艺衍生的实体店，该餐厅与其目标一致——为患有老年痴呆症或其他认知障碍的老年人提供就业机会。
现在，餐厅内有八名患有认知障碍的老年员工，轮流与其他服务员一同帮助顾客。
朱彩萍说：“我只做些小事，比如倒倒水、点个餐、上个菜什么的。现在，菜单上的所有菜品我基本都能记住了。”2月份起，朱彩萍每周来这家餐厅三次，每次工作三个小时。
她补充说：“同事们对我们很好，太烫的汤菜也不让我们上。有时也犯点错，但客人们都很宽容。”
除了在餐厅帮帮忙之外，老年雇员还参加志愿者组织的福利活动，烘焙、跳舞和英语课之类的。这些活动里，也有其它被邀参加的有认知障碍的老年人。
朱彩萍表示：“搞搞这些活动对我很关键，可以锻炼我的大脑。像我们这样的老年人最担心的就是，大脑太长时间不用就转不动了。”
上了年纪的朱彩萍有些健忘，因此她将记不住的东西都写在便笺上，比如各位志愿者和老师的名字，还有英语单词。
朱彩萍说：“不过在这里我确实更快乐、更自信了。”
深知患认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的痛苦，朱彩萍也希望帮助处于类似情况的老年人。
朱彩萍说：“有很多有类似情况的老年人会在他们家人的陪同下拜访我们。我会特别关注他们，因为我曾和他们有着同样的感受。”
她特别提到一位顾客，那是一个58岁来自江苏的妇女，当时由丈夫带着来到餐厅。
朱彩萍说：“她第一次来这里时，一句话也不说，面无表情，无动于衷。我告诉她，她要说点什么，和大家交流交流。然后我每次都会给她留下作业，完成以后给她奖励。”
此后，这位阿姨每周五都会来餐厅。几个月后，她的病情有所好转。
朱彩萍说：“她开始说吃的很不错，开始慢慢和其他人交谈。此外，她每次都会来抱抱我。”
“有认知障碍的人会拒绝和害怕融入社会，这样反而会加重他们的病情，”她补充道，“这家餐厅的意义在于帮助更多像我们这样的人，这也是我最渴望做的事情。”
除了为老年人提供就业机会外，餐厅外的一块宣传板上还张贴了有关认知障碍和阿尔兹海默症的信息，帮助人们及时发现症状并尽快寻求治疗。
这家餐厅的联合创始人曾荣说，综艺《忘不了餐厅》对有认知障碍的老年人产生了巨大影响。“我可以看到，参加节目的老年人都发生了明显的变化。”
中国人口渐趋老龄化，越来越多老年人患有认知障碍，这已成为一个不容忽视的社会问题。
据去年第七次全国人口普查结果显示，3877万60岁及以上的中国人被诊断为认知障碍，其中包括983万名阿尔茨海默症患者。
随着大脑功能的不断退化，患者可能会逐渐丧失记忆、无法照顾自己，甚至失去感情。
朱彩萍说：“我们应该感到幸运，全社会都在关心老年人，特别是像我们这样患有认知障碍的老年人。居委会时刻关注我们的情况和其他有症状的老年人。”
上海还有许多帮扶弱势群体的餐馆。
去年，一家名为“Hinchijou”的咖啡馆在上海走红了。原因是这里的员工有一半身患残疾，主要是听力障碍。Hinchijou还有一个更为人熟知的名字：熊掌咖啡馆。它家的特色是墙上有一个洞，毛茸茸的熊掌从这个洞里伸出来，给顾客递咖啡，同时也能保护员工。
2018年，A-Coffee在上海开业，旨在培训自闭症患者成为专业咖啡师和服务员，为他们提供融入社会的机会。
徐汇区区委常委、宣传部部长吕晓辉表示，这些特色咖啡馆和餐厅受到欢迎表明上海很多人都重视公益事业，这是上海软实力的体现。
吕晓辉补充道，上海有良好的社会福利和公益志愿组织，政府在规划和服务方面做得很好，居民也积极参与；所有这些形成合力，温暖了这座城市。
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：陈月华 周婵 商桢 丹妮） |
推特于当地时间11月30日推出新规，禁止用户在未经本人许可的情况下分享他人的私人图像。根据新规定，非公众人物可以向推特举报并要求删除拍到他们但未经其许可发布的照片或视频。推特表示，这条规定不适用于“推动公共利益或增加公共讨论价值的推文中随附图像包括的公众人物或个人”。
[Photo/REUTERS]
Twitter has updated its privacy policy so that it can remove images of people that have been posted without their consent, the company said in a blog post Tuesday.
推特11月30日发布博文称，已经更新其隐私政策，可删除未经本人同意发布的人物图片。
Under its current policy, the social media giant prohibits the publication of people's private information, including addresses, phone numbers, identity documents and medical records.
根据现行政策，推特禁止用户发布他人隐私信息，包括地址、电话号码、身份证件和医疗记录。
Now, it says it has added "private media" to the list, because the sharing of such material could be used to "harass, intimidate, and reveal the identities of individuals."
现在，推特称已经将“个人影像”加入隐私条款，因为分享这些信息可能被用来“骚扰、恐吓和揭露个人身份”。
"Sharing personal media, such as images or videos, can potentially violate a person's privacy, and may lead to emotional or physical harm," the company said.
推特表示：“传播个人影像，如图像或视频，可能会侵犯个人隐私，并可能对当事人造成心理或身体伤害。”
Before removing the image or video, Twitter said, it would require a first-person report or a report from an authorized representative to establish whether or not the individual had consented to it being shared.
推特表示，在删除私人图像或视频之前，需要当事人举报或授权代表的举报，以确定该个人是否同意共享该图像或视频。
Once Twitter established that the personal media had been shared without permission, it would then proceed to remove it from the platform, the company said.
推特表示，一旦平台确定个人影像的发布未经当事人许可，便会将其从平台上删除。
It added that the policy changes do not apply when there is public interest at stake, or in an emergency situation.
推特补充道，这项新政策不适用于涉及公共利益的情况或紧急情况。
"This policy is not applicable to media featuring public figures or individuals when media and accompanying Tweet text are shared in the public interest or add value to public discourse," the company said.
该公司表示：“如果媒体所发布的推文是为了推动公共利益或增加公共讨论价值，则推文中随附图像包括的公众人物或个人不适用于该政策。”
The new measures, which went into effect globally on Tuesday, were met with criticism from users arguing that the changes were too immediate, and could result in undue censorship.
这项新政策11月30日在全球范围内生效后遭到了用户批评，他们认为这一改变过于急迫，可能导致过度审查。
The company subsequently clarified the changes in a series of tweets — adding that images and videos showing public events including mass protests and sports events would largely not violate the policy.
该公司随后在一系列推文中详细阐述了这些变化，并补充称，展示公众活动（包括大规模抗议和体育活动）的图像和视频大多不会违反该政策。
"Context matters. Our existing private information policy includes many exceptions in order to enable robust reporting on newsworthy events and conversations that are in the public interest," the company said.
该公司表示：“背景很重要。我们现有的隐私政策包括许多例外情况，以便能够对符合公共利益的有新闻价值的事件和话题进行充分报道。”
来源：CNN
编辑：董静 | [Photo/REUTERS]
Twitter has updated its privacy policy so that it can remove images of people that have been posted without their consent, the company said in a blog post Tuesday.
Under its current policy, the social media giant prohibits the publication of people's private information, including addresses, phone numbers, identity documents and medical records.
Now, it says it has added "private media" to the list, because the sharing of such material could be used to "harass, intimidate, and reveal the identities of individuals."
"Sharing personal media, such as images or videos, can potentially violate a person's privacy, and may lead to emotional or physical harm," the company said.
Before removing the image or video, Twitter said, it would require a first-person report or a report from an authorized representative to establish whether or not the individual had consented to it being shared.
Once Twitter established that the personal media had been shared without permission, it would then proceed to remove it from the platform, the company said.
It added that the policy changes do not apply when there is public interest at stake, or in an emergency situation.
"This policy is not applicable to media featuring public figures or individuals when media and accompanying Tweet text are shared in the public interest or add value to public discourse," the company said.
The new measures, which went into effect globally on Tuesday, were met with criticism from users arguing that the changes were too immediate, and could result in undue censorship.
The company subsequently clarified the changes in a series of tweets — adding that images and videos showing public events including mass protests and sports events would largely not violate the policy.
"Context matters. Our existing private information policy includes many exceptions in order to enable robust reporting on newsworthy events and conversations that are in the public interest," the company said. | 推特于当地时间11月30日推出新规，禁止用户在未经本人许可的情况下分享他人的私人图像。根据新规定，非公众人物可以向推特举报并要求删除拍到他们但未经其许可发布的照片或视频。推特表示，这条规定不适用于“推动公共利益或增加公共讨论价值的推文中随附图像包括的公众人物或个人”。
推特11月30日发布博文称，已经更新其隐私政策，可删除未经本人同意发布的人物图片。
根据现行政策，推特禁止用户发布他人隐私信息，包括地址、电话号码、身份证件和医疗记录。
现在，推特称已经将“个人影像”加入隐私条款，因为分享这些信息可能被用来“骚扰、恐吓和揭露个人身份”。
推特表示：“传播个人影像，如图像或视频，可能会侵犯个人隐私，并可能对当事人造成心理或身体伤害。”
推特表示，在删除私人图像或视频之前，需要当事人举报或授权代表的举报，以确定该个人是否同意共享该图像或视频。
推特表示，一旦平台确定个人影像的发布未经当事人许可，便会将其从平台上删除。
推特补充道，这项新政策不适用于涉及公共利益的情况或紧急情况。
该公司表示：“如果媒体所发布的推文是为了推动公共利益或增加公共讨论价值，则推文中随附图像包括的公众人物或个人不适用于该政策。”
这项新政策11月30日在全球范围内生效后遭到了用户批评，他们认为这一改变过于急迫，可能导致过度审查。
该公司随后在一系列推文中详细阐述了这些变化，并补充称，展示公众活动（包括大规模抗议和体育活动）的图像和视频大多不会违反该政策。
该公司表示：“背景很重要。我们现有的隐私政策包括许多例外情况，以便能够对符合公共利益的有新闻价值的事件和话题进行充分报道。”
来源：CNN
编辑：董静 |
英国经济学人智库调查显示，自新冠疫情暴发以来，由于供应链紧张和消费者需求变化，许多大城市生活成本上涨。以色列特拉维夫在2021全球城市生活成本排名中位列第一，这是特拉维夫市首次位居榜首。中国有两个城市也跻身榜单前20位。
For the first time in the index's history, Tel Aviv has come out as the world's most expensive city.Photo/AFP
All over the world, it's been a tough year on wallets.
对于世界各地而言，今年都是荷包吃紧的一年。
Supply-chain blockages and changing consumer demand have pushed up the cost of living in many of our biggest cities, according to new research published Wednesday, and inflation is the fastest recorded over the past five years.
12月1日发布的新调查报告显示，供应链阻塞和消费者需求变化让许多大城市的生活成本水涨船高，通胀速度也达到了五年来的最高水平。
One city has been experiencing more rapid change than most, jumping from fifth place to first in this year's Worldwide Cost of Living index released by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
根据经济学人智库发布的2021全球生活成本指数，有一个城市的生活成本上涨速度尤其快，从第五名跃升到了第一名。
The Israeli city of Tel Aviv topped the rankings for the first time, overtaking last year's leader Paris, which is now tied in second place with Singapore.
以色列特拉维夫市首次位居榜首，去年排名第一的巴黎今年和新加坡并列第二。
Previous list-topper Singapore fell one slot in 2021. Photo/AFP
The EIU attributes Tel Aviv's sharp rise on the index to increases to grocery and transport prices and the strength of the Israeli shekel against the US dollar.
经济学人智库将特拉维夫市的指数飙升归结于食品杂货价格和交通费用的上涨，以及以色列谢克尔对美元汇率上涨。
The 2021 Worldwide Cost of Living index tracks the cost of living across 173 global cities -- 40 more than last year -- and compares the price of more than 200 everyday products and services.
2021全球生活成本指数追踪了全球173个城市的生活成本（比去年多了40个），并比较了200多种日常用品和服务的价格。
Data for the survey, which has been carried out for more than three decades, is gathered by EIU's global team of researchers each March and September.
这项调查已经开展了三十多年，每年3月和9月经济学人智库的全球研究团队都会收集数据。
The index is benchmarked against prices in New York City, hence cities with currencies that are stronger against the US dollar are likely to appear higher in the rankings.
全球生活成本指数以纽约市物价为基准，因此本币比美元坚挺的城市通常排名更靠前。
Zurich and Hong Kong are at Nos. four and five respectively, having held the top spot last year alongside Paris. New York, Geneva, Copenhagen, Los Angeles and Osaka round up the rest of the top 10.
苏黎世和香港分别排在第四和第五位，去年巴黎、香港、苏黎世生活成本并列全球第一。生活成本排名前十的城市还有纽约、日内瓦、哥本哈根、洛杉矶和大阪。
Hong Kong was at the top of the leaderboard in 2020.Photo/AFP
The upper rankings continue to be dominated by European and developed Asian cities. The lowest-ranking cities are mainly in the Middle East, Africa and less wealthy parts of Asia.
欧洲城市和亚洲发达城市依然名列前茅。排名垫底的主要分布在中东、非洲和比较贫困的亚洲地区。
The EIU reports that, on average, prices for the goods and services covered by the index have risen by 3.5% year on year in local-currency terms, compared with an increase of just 1.9% this time last year.
经济学人智库报告称，按照当地货币标准，该指数所涵盖的商品和服务价格和去年同期相比平均上升了3.5%，相比之下，去年同比仅上升1.9%。
Those much-reported global supply-chain problems have contributed to price rises and the Covid-19 pandemic and social restrictions are still affecting production and trade around the world. With a new coronavirus variant currently causing widespread alarm, these issues won't be going away in a hurry.
被广泛报道的全球供应链问题导致了物价上升。与此同时，新冠疫情和社交限制措施依然影响着世界各地的生产和贸易。眼下随着新变种毒株的蔓延引发普遍恐慌，这些问题不可能很快得到解决。
Rising oil prices drove a 21% increase in the price of unleaded petrol, reports the EIU, but there were also big price hikes in the recreation, tobacco and personal care categories.
据经济学人智库报告，原油价格上升导致无铅汽油价格上涨了21%，但是娱乐、烟草、个人护理等行业也出现了大幅涨价。
The highest-rising city in 2021 was the Iranian city of Tehran, which jumped 50 places from No.79 to No.29 as US sanctions resulted in shortages and higher prices.
2021年排名上升最快的城市是伊朗德黑兰，从去年的79名跃升50位至29名，原因是美国制裁导致物资短缺、物价高企。
The Syrian city of Damascus once again ranks as the cheapest city in the world, as its war-torn economy continues to struggle. Damascus and Tehran suffered from very high inflation in 2021, as did Caracas in Venezuela and Buenos Aires in Argentina.
在长年战乱的重创下，经济不景气的叙利亚大马士革再度成为全球最便宜城市。大马士革和德黑兰2021年的通胀指数都非常高，委内瑞拉的加拉加斯和阿根廷的布宜诺斯艾利斯也同样遭遇了高通胀。
一起来看看这份全球生活成本最高城市榜单：
1. Tel Aviv, Israel 以色列特拉维夫
2. (tie) Paris, France （并列第二）法国巴黎
2. (tie) Singapore （并列第二）新加坡
4. Zurich, Switzerland 瑞士苏黎世
5. Hong Kong, China 中国香港
6. New York City, New York 纽约
7. Geneva, Switzerland 瑞士日内瓦
8. Copenhagen, Denmark 丹麦哥本哈根
9. Los Angeles, California 美国加州洛杉矶
10. Osaka, Japan 日本大阪
11. Oslo, Norway 挪威奥斯陆
12. Seoul, South Korea 韩国首尔
13. Tokyo, Japan 日本东京
14. (tie) Vienna, Austria （并列第十四）奥地利维也纳
14. (tie) Sydney, Australia （并列第十四）澳大利亚悉尼
16. Melbourne, Australia 澳大利亚墨尔本
17. (tie) Helsinki, Finland （并列第十七）芬兰赫尔辛基
17. (tie) London, UK （并列第十七）英国伦敦
19. (tie) Dublin, Ireland （并列第十九）爱尔兰都柏林
19. (tie) Frankfurt, Germany（并列第十九）德国法兰克福
19. (tie) Shanghai, China（并列第十九）中国上海
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | For the first time in the index's history, Tel Aviv has come out as the world's most expensive city.Photo/AFP
All over the world, it's been a tough year on wallets.
Supply-chain blockages and changing consumer demand have pushed up the cost of living in many of our biggest cities, according to new research published Wednesday, and inflation is the fastest recorded over the past five years.
One city has been experiencing more rapid change than most, jumping from fifth place to first in this year's Worldwide Cost of Living index released by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
The Israeli city of Tel Aviv topped the rankings for the first time, overtaking last year's leader Paris, which is now tied in second place with Singapore.
Previous list-topper Singapore fell one slot in 2021. Photo/AFP
The EIU attributes Tel Aviv's sharp rise on the index to increases to grocery and transport prices and the strength of the Israeli shekel against the US dollar.
The 2021 Worldwide Cost of Living index tracks the cost of living across 173 global cities -- 40 more than last year -- and compares the price of more than 200 everyday products and services.
Data for the survey, which has been carried out for more than three decades, is gathered by EIU's global team of researchers each March and September.
The index is benchmarked against prices in New York City, hence cities with currencies that are stronger against the US dollar are likely to appear higher in the rankings.
Zurich and Hong Kong are at Nos. four and five respectively, having held the top spot last year alongside Paris. New York, Geneva, Copenhagen, Los Angeles and Osaka round up the rest of the top 10.
Hong Kong was at the top of the leaderboard in 2020.Photo/AFP
The upper rankings continue to be dominated by European and developed Asian cities. The lowest-ranking cities are mainly in the Middle East, Africa and less wealthy parts of Asia.
The EIU reports that, on average, prices for the goods and services covered by the index have risen by 3.5% year on year in local-currency terms, compared with an increase of just 1.9% this time last year.
Those much-reported global supply-chain problems have contributed to price rises and the Covid-19 pandemic and social restrictions are still affecting production and trade around the world. With a new coronavirus variant currently causing widespread alarm, these issues won't be going away in a hurry.
Rising oil prices drove a 21% increase in the price of unleaded petrol, reports the EIU, but there were also big price hikes in the recreation, tobacco and personal care categories.
The highest-rising city in 2021 was the Iranian city of Tehran, which jumped 50 places from No.79 to No.29 as US sanctions resulted in shortages and higher prices.
The Syrian city of Damascus once again ranks as the cheapest city in the world, as its war-torn economy continues to struggle. Damascus and Tehran suffered from very high inflation in 2021, as did Caracas in Venezuela and Buenos Aires in Argentina. | 英国经济学人智库调查显示，自新冠疫情暴发以来，由于供应链紧张和消费者需求变化，许多大城市生活成本上涨。以色列特拉维夫在2021全球城市生活成本排名中位列第一，这是特拉维夫市首次位居榜首。中国有两个城市也跻身榜单前20位。
对于世界各地而言，今年都是荷包吃紧的一年。
12月1日发布的新调查报告显示，供应链阻塞和消费者需求变化让许多大城市的生活成本水涨船高，通胀速度也达到了五年来的最高水平。
根据经济学人智库发布的2021全球生活成本指数，有一个城市的生活成本上涨速度尤其快，从第五名跃升到了第一名。
以色列特拉维夫市首次位居榜首，去年排名第一的巴黎今年和新加坡并列第二。
经济学人智库将特拉维夫市的指数飙升归结于食品杂货价格和交通费用的上涨，以及以色列谢克尔对美元汇率上涨。
2021全球生活成本指数追踪了全球173个城市的生活成本（比去年多了40个），并比较了200多种日常用品和服务的价格。
这项调查已经开展了三十多年，每年3月和9月经济学人智库的全球研究团队都会收集数据。
全球生活成本指数以纽约市物价为基准，因此本币比美元坚挺的城市通常排名更靠前。
苏黎世和香港分别排在第四和第五位，去年巴黎、香港、苏黎世生活成本并列全球第一。生活成本排名前十的城市还有纽约、日内瓦、哥本哈根、洛杉矶和大阪。
欧洲城市和亚洲发达城市依然名列前茅。排名垫底的主要分布在中东、非洲和比较贫困的亚洲地区。
经济学人智库报告称，按照当地货币标准，该指数所涵盖的商品和服务价格和去年同期相比平均上升了3.5%，相比之下，去年同比仅上升1.9%。
被广泛报道的全球供应链问题导致了物价上升。与此同时，新冠疫情和社交限制措施依然影响着世界各地的生产和贸易。眼下随着新变种毒株的蔓延引发普遍恐慌，这些问题不可能很快得到解决。
据经济学人智库报告，原油价格上升导致无铅汽油价格上涨了21%，但是娱乐、烟草、个人护理等行业也出现了大幅涨价。
2021年排名上升最快的城市是伊朗德黑兰，从去年的79名跃升50位至29名，原因是美国制裁导致物资短缺、物价高企。
在长年战乱的重创下，经济不景气的叙利亚大马士革再度成为全球最便宜城市。大马士革和德黑兰2021年的通胀指数都非常高，委内瑞拉的加拉加斯和阿根廷的布宜诺斯艾利斯也同样遭遇了高通胀。
一起来看看这份全球生活成本最高城市榜单：
1. Tel Aviv, Israel 以色列特拉维夫
2. (tie) Paris, France （并列第二）法国巴黎
2. (tie) Singapore （并列第二）新加坡
4. Zurich, Switzerland 瑞士苏黎世
5. Hong Kong, China 中国香港
6. New York City, New York 纽约
7. Geneva, Switzerland 瑞士日内瓦
8. Copenhagen, Denmark 丹麦哥本哈根
9. Los Angeles, California 美国加州洛杉矶
10. Osaka, Japan 日本大阪
11. Oslo, Norway 挪威奥斯陆
12. Seoul, South Korea 韩国首尔
13. Tokyo, Japan 日本东京
14. (tie) Vienna, Austria （并列第十四）奥地利维也纳
14. (tie) Sydney, Australia （并列第十四）澳大利亚悉尼
16. Melbourne, Australia 澳大利亚墨尔本
17. (tie) Helsinki, Finland （并列第十七）芬兰赫尔辛基
17. (tie) London, UK （并列第十七）英国伦敦
19. (tie) Dublin, Ireland （并列第十九）爱尔兰都柏林
19. (tie) Frankfurt, Germany（并列第十九）德国法兰克福
19. (tie) Shanghai, China（并列第十九）中国上海
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
面对来势汹汹的新冠疫情，欧洲多个国家已经针对未接种疫苗者推出了各种惩罚或限制措施。希腊宣布将对60岁以上拒打疫苗者罚款，奥地利拒打疫苗者将面临罚款或监禁，德国禁止未打疫苗者进入公共场所，法国则实行了更严格的入境规定。
Greece will be the first country in the EU to target a specific age group. Photo: AFP
Greece is to make Covid vaccinations mandatory for people aged 60 and over.
希腊将强制60岁以上人群接种新冠疫苗。
Fines of €100 will be imposed at monthly intervals from mid-January on those who refuse, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said.
希腊总理基里亚科斯·米佐塔基斯称，从1月中旬开始，将对60岁以上拒打疫苗者每月罚款100欧元（约合人民币721元）。
The money will go towards the Greek health system, which is struggling with a surge in hospital admissions.
这些罚金将流入因住院人数激增而承受重压的希腊卫生系统。
About 63% of Greece's 11-million population is fully vaccinated, but data show more than 520,000 people over 60 are yet to get the jab.
希腊总人口1100万人，其中约63%已完成疫苗接种，但是数据显示，逾52万60岁以上人群还未接种疫苗。
"Greeks over the age of 60... must book their appointment for a first jab by January 16," the premier said in a statement to the cabinet.
希腊总理在提交给内阁的一份声明中表示：“60岁以上的希腊人……必须在1月16日前预约接种第一针疫苗。”
"Their vaccination is henceforth compulsory."
“今后将强制60岁以上人群接种新冠疫苗。”
The measure is still to be put to a parliamentary vote, he said, but lawmakers are widely expected to approve it.
总理表示，这一举措还需经议会投票决定，但是议员应该普遍都会投赞成票。
While countries have made vaccines mandatory for health workers and other high-risk workers, Greece will become the first in the EU to target a specific age group.
尽管多个国家已经强制医务人员和从事其他高风险工作的人群接种疫苗，而希腊将成为欧盟首个针对特定年龄段人群强制接种疫苗的国家。
Austria has announced that compulsory Covid vaccinations will start in February.
奥地利已宣布将于明年2月起强制全民接种新冠疫苗。
Syriza, Greece's main opposition party, called the new measures punitive and financially excessive.
希腊的主要反对党激进左翼联盟声称这一新举措是惩罚性的，而且罚金过高。
Mr Mitsotakis said the decision had "tortured" him but he felt a "heavy responsibility in standing next to those most vulnerable, even if it might fleetingly displease them".
米佐塔基斯表示，这一决定也让他“很煎熬”，但是他觉得“有责任和易感染人群站在一起，即使这样做在短时间内可能会令他们不悦。”
The virus has claimed more than 18,000 lives in Greece.
新冠病毒已经在希腊夺去了18000多人的生命。
除了希腊，包括奥地利、德国、法国在内的欧洲其他国家对拒绝接种疫苗者也推出了各种惩罚或限制措施。
奥地利：罚款/监禁+禁足
According to a draft law developed by the Austrian government, compulsory vaccination against coronavirus will apply to all people living in Austria from February 2022. The penalty for refusing vaccination will be 3,600 euros or four months in prison. Those who ignore two notifications from the authorities about the need for vaccination will face a huge fine of 7,200 euros.
根据奥地利政府提出的一项法律草案，2022年2月起将强制所有奥地利居民接种新冠疫苗。拒绝接种疫苗的人将被处以3600欧元罚款或四个月监禁。如果连续两次无视政府部门要求接种疫苗的通知，将面临7200欧元的巨额罚款。
Exceptions will include people who are at risk for life and health due to vaccination, pregnant women and children under 12 years of age. The bill is due to be submitted to parliament around 6 December, after which it must be approved by the two chambers of the Austrian parliament.
例外人群包括接种疫苗会给生命和健康造成风险者、孕妇以及12岁以下儿童。该法案将于12月6日前后提交议会，须经两院分别通过。
Austria has implemented lockdown measures for all those age 12 and older who are not fully vaccinated against Covid-19 from November 15.
奥地利从11月15日起对所有12岁以上未完成新冠疫苗接种者实行封闭管理措施。
The unvaccinated are ordered to stay home except for a few limited reasons; the rules are policed by officers carrying out spot checks on those who are out.
除几种规定的特殊情况外，未接种疫苗者必须居家。为确保规定被执行，警官会巡逻抽查那些外出的人。
德国：禁止进入公共场所
Several states and cities have required the public to show Covid passes, which have an individual’s vaccination status or if they’ve just recovered from the virus in order to access bars, restaurants and other public venues like movie theaters or museums.
德国的几个州和城市要求公众出示新冠通行证（完成疫苗接种或感染病毒后被治愈的证明）才能进入酒吧、餐厅、影院、博物馆等公共场所。
法国：更严格的入境规定
The French government has announced that unvaccinated arrivals from a number of European countries must now have a negative PCR test within 24 hours of their departure.
法国政府宣布，来自多个欧洲国家的未接种疫苗者必须持有出发前24小时内的核酸检测阴性结果证明才能入境。
From December 15, travellers who are 65 and over and have been fully vaccinated for more than six months and five weeks will need to demonstrate that they have received an approved Covid-19 booster injection.
从12月15日起，65岁以上的入境者如果完成疫苗接种超过6月零5周需要出示接种加强针证明。
英文来源：BBC、CNN、CNBC、getreading、novinite
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Greece will be the first country in the EU to target a specific age group. Photo: AFP
Greece is to make Covid vaccinations mandatory for people aged 60 and over.
Fines of €100 will be imposed at monthly intervals from mid-January on those who refuse, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis said.
The money will go towards the Greek health system, which is struggling with a surge in hospital admissions.
About 63% of Greece's 11-million population is fully vaccinated, but data show more than 520,000 people over 60 are yet to get the jab.
"Greeks over the age of 60... must book their appointment for a first jab by January 16," the premier said in a statement to the cabinet.
"Their vaccination is henceforth compulsory."
The measure is still to be put to a parliamentary vote, he said, but lawmakers are widely expected to approve it.
While countries have made vaccines mandatory for health workers and other high-risk workers, Greece will become the first in the EU to target a specific age group.
Austria has announced that compulsory Covid vaccinations will start in February.
Syriza, Greece's main opposition party, called the new measures punitive and financially excessive.
Mr Mitsotakis said the decision had "tortured" him but he felt a "heavy responsibility in standing next to those most vulnerable, even if it might fleetingly displease them".
The virus has claimed more than 18,000 lives in Greece.
According to a draft law developed by the Austrian government, compulsory vaccination against coronavirus will apply to all people living in Austria from February 2022. The penalty for refusing vaccination will be 3,600 euros or four months in prison. Those who ignore two notifications from the authorities about the need for vaccination will face a huge fine of 7,200 euros.
Exceptions will include people who are at risk for life and health due to vaccination, pregnant women and children under 12 years of age. The bill is due to be submitted to parliament around 6 December, after which it must be approved by the two chambers of the Austrian parliament.
Austria has implemented lockdown measures for all those age 12 and older who are not fully vaccinated against Covid-19 from November 15.
The unvaccinated are ordered to stay home except for a few limited reasons; the rules are policed by officers carrying out spot checks on those who are out.
Several states and cities have required the public to show Covid passes, which have an individual’s vaccination status or if they’ve just recovered from the virus in order to access bars, restaurants and other public venues like movie theaters or museums.
The French government has announced that unvaccinated arrivals from a number of European countries must now have a negative PCR test within 24 hours of their departure.
From December 15, travellers who are 65 and over and have been fully vaccinated for more than six months and five weeks will need to demonstrate that they have received an approved Covid-19 booster injection. | 面对来势汹汹的新冠疫情，欧洲多个国家已经针对未接种疫苗者推出了各种惩罚或限制措施。希腊宣布将对60岁以上拒打疫苗者罚款，奥地利拒打疫苗者将面临罚款或监禁，德国禁止未打疫苗者进入公共场所，法国则实行了更严格的入境规定。
希腊将强制60岁以上人群接种新冠疫苗。
希腊总理基里亚科斯·米佐塔基斯称，从1月中旬开始，将对60岁以上拒打疫苗者每月罚款100欧元（约合人民币721元）。
这些罚金将流入因住院人数激增而承受重压的希腊卫生系统。
希腊总人口1100万人，其中约63%已完成疫苗接种，但是数据显示，逾52万60岁以上人群还未接种疫苗。
希腊总理在提交给内阁的一份声明中表示：“60岁以上的希腊人……必须在1月16日前预约接种第一针疫苗。”
“今后将强制60岁以上人群接种新冠疫苗。”
总理表示，这一举措还需经议会投票决定，但是议员应该普遍都会投赞成票。
尽管多个国家已经强制医务人员和从事其他高风险工作的人群接种疫苗，而希腊将成为欧盟首个针对特定年龄段人群强制接种疫苗的国家。
奥地利已宣布将于明年2月起强制全民接种新冠疫苗。
希腊的主要反对党激进左翼联盟声称这一新举措是惩罚性的，而且罚金过高。
米佐塔基斯表示，这一决定也让他“很煎熬”，但是他觉得“有责任和易感染人群站在一起，即使这样做在短时间内可能会令他们不悦。”
新冠病毒已经在希腊夺去了18000多人的生命。
除了希腊，包括奥地利、德国、法国在内的欧洲其他国家对拒绝接种疫苗者也推出了各种惩罚或限制措施。
奥地利：罚款/监禁+禁足
根据奥地利政府提出的一项法律草案，2022年2月起将强制所有奥地利居民接种新冠疫苗。拒绝接种疫苗的人将被处以3600欧元罚款或四个月监禁。如果连续两次无视政府部门要求接种疫苗的通知，将面临7200欧元的巨额罚款。
例外人群包括接种疫苗会给生命和健康造成风险者、孕妇以及12岁以下儿童。该法案将于12月6日前后提交议会，须经两院分别通过。
奥地利从11月15日起对所有12岁以上未完成新冠疫苗接种者实行封闭管理措施。
除几种规定的特殊情况外，未接种疫苗者必须居家。为确保规定被执行，警官会巡逻抽查那些外出的人。
德国：禁止进入公共场所
德国的几个州和城市要求公众出示新冠通行证（完成疫苗接种或感染病毒后被治愈的证明）才能进入酒吧、餐厅、影院、博物馆等公共场所。
法国：更严格的入境规定
法国政府宣布，来自多个欧洲国家的未接种疫苗者必须持有出发前24小时内的核酸检测阴性结果证明才能入境。
从12月15日起，65岁以上的入境者如果完成疫苗接种超过6月零5周需要出示接种加强针证明。
英文来源：BBC、CNN、CNBC、getreading、novinite
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
美国要举办“民主峰会”
在他们看来
民主就像可口可乐
全世界都应该一个滋味
The US
is to
hold a
“summit
for democracy
”
. It seems to think
democracy
is
like Coca Cola, with the same taste for all.
还有比这更荒谬的吗？
非西方国家发展民主的各种形式
美国却大手一挥
非要强加自己的标准？
Is there anything more absurd than this? There are all kinds of democracies, yet the US
thinks it has the say on what is and isn’t.
美国祖上靠剥削黑奴取得发展
甚至第一部宪法都规定
黑人按白人的五分之三算选举权
US politicians might have forgotten how they adopted the
“Three fifths clause”
in the
country
’
s
first
constitution;
一直到今天
不少黑人都处境悲惨
面对如此现实还谈民主
是怎么做到的大言不惭？
They also turn a blind eye to the miserable conditions of African Americans today. So why are they still so proud of their
“democracy”?
美国还有“国家民主基金会”
到处给捣乱的人发美元
It even founded a National Endowment for Democracy, which spreads dollars to
make
trouble;
甚至还派出美国大兵
拿枪满世界破坏和平
The US also sends hundreds of thousands of GIs all around the world to threaten peace.
美国军队所到之处
当地人民生活都被战火毁掉
只剩下一张选票
Wherever US troops arrive, peace and prosperity leave.
如此“制造民主”
只把美国自己变成笑料
灰溜溜从各地跑掉
But the US forces have to flee, after
suffering failure.
美国还邀请中国台湾地区参会
这是给“台独”势力打气
想达到“以台制华”的目的
US politicians also invited counterparts from Taiwan, which is part of China,
to the summit
, obviously to
provoke
China.
有必要让他们知道
“一中原则”不容挑战
任何玩火者都必将自焚
It is necessary to let them know the inviolability of the one-China principle, and that anyone trying to challenge it will suffer.
无论是蔡英文还是美国政客
都不要绑架台湾人民
更不要螳臂当车
Tsai Ing-wen and her US friends can
play their games
, but
it is the
Taiwan people
who will suffer.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | The US
is to
hold a
“summit
for democracy
”
. It seems to think
democracy
is
like Coca Cola, with the same taste for all.
Is there anything more absurd than this? There are all kinds of democracies, yet the US
thinks it has the say on what is and isn’t.
US politicians might have forgotten how they adopted the
“Three fifths clause”
in the
country
’
s
first
constitution;
They also turn a blind eye to the miserable conditions of African Americans today. So why are they still so proud of their
“democracy”?
It even founded a National Endowment for Democracy, which spreads dollars to
make
trouble;
The US also sends hundreds of thousands of GIs all around the world to threaten peace.
Wherever US troops arrive, peace and prosperity leave.
But the US forces have to flee, after
suffering failure.
US politicians also invited counterparts from Taiwan, which is part of China,
to the summit
, obviously to
provoke
China.
It is necessary to let them know the inviolability of the one-China principle, and that anyone trying to challenge it will suffer.
Tsai Ing-wen and her US friends can
play their games
, but
it is the
Taiwan people
who will suffer. | 美国要举办“民主峰会”
在他们看来
民主就像可口可乐
全世界都应该一个滋味
还有比这更荒谬的吗？
非西方国家发展民主的各种形式
美国却大手一挥
非要强加自己的标准？
美国祖上靠剥削黑奴取得发展
甚至第一部宪法都规定
黑人按白人的五分之三算选举权
一直到今天
不少黑人都处境悲惨
面对如此现实还谈民主
是怎么做到的大言不惭？
美国还有“国家民主基金会”
到处给捣乱的人发美元
甚至还派出美国大兵
拿枪满世界破坏和平
美国军队所到之处
当地人民生活都被战火毁掉
只剩下一张选票
如此“制造民主”
只把美国自己变成笑料
灰溜溜从各地跑掉
美国还邀请中国台湾地区参会
这是给“台独”势力打气
想达到“以台制华”的目的
有必要让他们知道
“一中原则”不容挑战
任何玩火者都必将自焚
无论是蔡英文还是美国政客
都不要绑架台湾人民
更不要螳臂当车
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
在12月1日“世界艾滋病日”前夕，联合国发布最新报告，警告国际社会抗艾力度远远不够，儿童已成为艾滋病主要受害群体，未来10年全球或有高达770万人死于这一恶疾。
[Photo/Pexels]
UNAIDS issued a stark warning Monday that if leaders fail to tackle inequalities the world could face 7.7 million AIDS-related deaths over the next 10 years.
联合国艾滋病规划署11月29日发出严厉警告，如果各国不能解决不平等问题，全球未来10年可能有770万人死于艾滋病。
与此同时，联合国儿童基金会一份报告称，
At least 300,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2020, or one child every two minutes.
2020年至少有30万新增儿童艾滋病毒感染者，即每两分钟就有一名儿童感染。
Another 120,000 children died from AIDS-related causes during the same period, or one child every five minutes.
同一时期，另有12万儿童死于艾滋病相关疾病，即每五分钟就有一名儿童死亡。
联合国艾滋病规划署执行主任温妮·比亚尼马称，这是一项紧急行动呼吁。她表示：
“Progress against the AIDS pandemic, which was already off track, is now under even greater strain as the COVID-19 crisis continues to rage, disrupting HIV prevention and treatment services, schooling, violence-prevention programmes and more. We cannot be forced to choose between ending the AIDS pandemic today and preparing for the pandemics of tomorrow. The only successful approach will achieve both. As of now, we are not on track to achieve either.”
“随着新冠疫情持续肆虐，原本已经偏离轨道的抗艾进展现在面临着更大的压力，扰乱了艾滋病防治服务、教育、暴力预防计划等。我们不能被迫在今天消除艾滋病和预防明天的流行病之间做选择。同时实现这两个目标才是唯一成功的方法。到目前为止，这两件事我们都没有做好。”
[Photo/IC]
Some countries, including some with the highest rates of HIV, have made remarkable progress against AIDS, illustrating what is feasible. However, new HIV infections are not falling fast enough globally to stop the pandemic, with 1.5 million new HIV infections in 2020 and growing HIV infection rates in some countries. Infections are also following lines of inequality. Six in seven new HIV infections among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are occurring among adolescent girls. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who use drugs face a 25–35 times greater risk of acquiring HIV worldwide.
一些国家（包括艾滋病毒感染率最高的一些国家）在防治艾滋病方面取得了显著进展，证明这是可以做到的。然而，全球新增艾滋病毒感染人数下降的速度还不足以阻止这一传染病，2020年新增艾滋病毒感染人数为150万，一些国家的艾滋病毒感染率也在上升。同时，感染还伴随着不平等现象。撒哈拉以南非洲新增的青少年艾滋病毒感染者中七分之六为少女。在全球范围内，男同性恋和其他男男性行为者、性工作者和吸毒者感染艾滋病毒的风险要高出25-35倍。
COVID-19 is undercutting the AIDS response in many places. The pace of HIV testing declined almost uniformly and fewer people living with HIV initiated treatment in 2020 in 40 of 50 countries reporting to UNAIDS. HIV prevention services have been impacted—in 2020, harm reduction services for people who use drugs were disrupted in 65% of 130 countries surveyed.
新冠肺炎削弱了许多地方对艾滋病的反应。在50个向联合国艾滋病规划署报告的国家中，有40个国家的艾滋病毒检测速度几乎同时出现下降，2020年新增接受治疗的艾滋病毒感染者减少。艾滋病毒预防服务在2020年受到影响，在接受调查的130个国家中，65%的国家为吸毒者提供的减少伤害服务中断。
“It is still possible to end the epidemic by 2030,” affirmed United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres in his World AIDS Day message. “But that will require stepped up action and greater solidarity. To beat AIDS—and build resilience against the pandemics of tomorrow—we need collective action.”
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在世界艾滋病日致辞中表示：“在2030年前消除艾滋病疫情仍然是有可能的。为此需要加大行动力度、加强团结。为了战胜艾滋病并建立抵御未来流行病的能力，我们需要集体行动。”
This year marks 40 years since the first cases of AIDS were reported. Since that time, there has been huge progress, particularly in expanding access to treatment. By June 2021, 28.2 million people had access to HIV treatment, up from 7.8 million in 2010, although progress has slowed considerably.
今年是首次报告艾滋病病例40周年。自那时以来，艾滋病防治取得了巨大进展，特别是在扩大治疗机会方面。截至2021年6月，获得治疗的艾滋病感染者从2010年的780万人增加至2820万人，但进展已明显放缓。
来源：United Nations，reliefweb
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Pexels]
UNAIDS issued a stark warning Monday that if leaders fail to tackle inequalities the world could face 7.7 million AIDS-related deaths over the next 10 years.
At least 300,000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2020, or one child every two minutes.
Another 120,000 children died from AIDS-related causes during the same period, or one child every five minutes.
“Progress against the AIDS pandemic, which was already off track, is now under even greater strain as the COVID-19 crisis continues to rage, disrupting HIV prevention and treatment services, schooling, violence-prevention programmes and more. We cannot be forced to choose between ending the AIDS pandemic today and preparing for the pandemics of tomorrow. The only successful approach will achieve both. As of now, we are not on track to achieve either.”
[Photo/IC]
Some countries, including some with the highest rates of HIV, have made remarkable progress against AIDS, illustrating what is feasible. However, new HIV infections are not falling fast enough globally to stop the pandemic, with 1.5 million new HIV infections in 2020 and growing HIV infection rates in some countries. Infections are also following lines of inequality. Six in seven new HIV infections among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are occurring among adolescent girls. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, sex workers and people who use drugs face a 25–35 times greater risk of acquiring HIV worldwide.
COVID-19 is undercutting the AIDS response in many places. The pace of HIV testing declined almost uniformly and fewer people living with HIV initiated treatment in 2020 in 40 of 50 countries reporting to UNAIDS. HIV prevention services have been impacted—in 2020, harm reduction services for people who use drugs were disrupted in 65% of 130 countries surveyed.
This year marks 40 years since the first cases of AIDS were reported. Since that time, there has been huge progress, particularly in expanding access to treatment. By June 2021, 28.2 million people had access to HIV treatment, up from 7.8 million in 2010, although progress has slowed considerably. | 在12月1日“世界艾滋病日”前夕，联合国发布最新报告，警告国际社会抗艾力度远远不够，儿童已成为艾滋病主要受害群体，未来10年全球或有高达770万人死于这一恶疾。
联合国艾滋病规划署11月29日发出严厉警告，如果各国不能解决不平等问题，全球未来10年可能有770万人死于艾滋病。
与此同时，联合国儿童基金会一份报告称，
2020年至少有30万新增儿童艾滋病毒感染者，即每两分钟就有一名儿童感染。
同一时期，另有12万儿童死于艾滋病相关疾病，即每五分钟就有一名儿童死亡。
联合国艾滋病规划署执行主任温妮·比亚尼马称，这是一项紧急行动呼吁。她表示：
“随着新冠疫情持续肆虐，原本已经偏离轨道的抗艾进展现在面临着更大的压力，扰乱了艾滋病防治服务、教育、暴力预防计划等。我们不能被迫在今天消除艾滋病和预防明天的流行病之间做选择。同时实现这两个目标才是唯一成功的方法。到目前为止，这两件事我们都没有做好。”
一些国家（包括艾滋病毒感染率最高的一些国家）在防治艾滋病方面取得了显著进展，证明这是可以做到的。然而，全球新增艾滋病毒感染人数下降的速度还不足以阻止这一传染病，2020年新增艾滋病毒感染人数为150万，一些国家的艾滋病毒感染率也在上升。同时，感染还伴随着不平等现象。撒哈拉以南非洲新增的青少年艾滋病毒感染者中七分之六为少女。在全球范围内，男同性恋和其他男男性行为者、性工作者和吸毒者感染艾滋病毒的风险要高出25-35倍。
新冠肺炎削弱了许多地方对艾滋病的反应。在50个向联合国艾滋病规划署报告的国家中，有40个国家的艾滋病毒检测速度几乎同时出现下降，2020年新增接受治疗的艾滋病毒感染者减少。艾滋病毒预防服务在2020年受到影响，在接受调查的130个国家中，65%的国家为吸毒者提供的减少伤害服务中断。
“It is still possible to end the epidemic by 2030,” affirmed United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres in his World AIDS Day message. “But that will require stepped up action and greater solidarity. To beat AIDS—and build resilience against the pandemics of tomorrow—we need collective action.”
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯在世界艾滋病日致辞中表示：“在2030年前消除艾滋病疫情仍然是有可能的。为此需要加大行动力度、加强团结。为了战胜艾滋病并建立抵御未来流行病的能力，我们需要集体行动。”
今年是首次报告艾滋病病例40周年。自那时以来，艾滋病防治取得了巨大进展，特别是在扩大治疗机会方面。截至2021年6月，获得治疗的艾滋病感染者从2010年的780万人增加至2820万人，但进展已明显放缓。
来源：United Nations，reliefweb
编辑：董静 |
进入寒冷的冬季，很多人都有早上起床困难的问题。不管闹钟响了几次，总是感觉睡不醒，“被窝里面好暖好舒服，哪里都不想伸出来。”
这是咋回事儿？难道一到冬天，人也会像有些动物一样需要冬眠吗？今天我们就从科学角度详细说说，为什么冬天起床更困难。
A study conducted by neurobiologists from Northwestern University made it possible to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
美国西北大学神经生物学家进行的一项研究或许能解释导致这种现象的机理。
Their study on fruit flies, has found a thermometer circuit can transfer information about cold temps from their antennas right to the brain.
他们在对果蝇的研究中发现了一个温度提示回路，可以将低温信息从触角传输到大脑。
They show how, through this circuit, seasonally cold and dark conditions can inhibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness, particularly in the morning.
研究显示，通过该回路，季节性寒冷和黑暗环境可以抑制果蝇大脑中促进活动和清醒的神经元，特别是在早晨。
“This helps explains why -- for both flies and humans -- it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter,” said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. “By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so critical to regulating sleep.”
温伯格文理学院神经生物学副教授马可·加利奥表示：“这有助于解释为什么无论对苍蝇还是人类来说，在冬天的早上醒来都很困难。通过研究果蝇的行为，我们可以更好地理解温度对调节睡眠的重要性。”
[Photo/Pexels]
The study, led by Gallio and conducted in Drosophila melanogaster, was published in the journal
Current Biology.
这项研究由加利奥主导，研究对象为黑腹果蝇，研究成果发表在《当代生物学》杂志上。
The paper describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors residing in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of approximately 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
这篇论文首次介绍了果蝇触角中的“绝对寒冷”感觉神经元，它们只对低于果蝇温度舒适区的气温作出反应。果蝇感到适宜的温度接近25摄氏度。
Having identified those neurons, the researchers followed them all the way to their targets within the brain. They found the main recipients of this information are a small group of brain neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the cold circuit they discovered is active, the target cells, which normally are activated by morning light, are shut down.
在识别出这些神经元后，研究人员一直追踪，发现了它们在大脑中对应的靶细胞。研究人员发现这些信息的主要接收者是一小群大脑神经元细胞，它们是控制活动和睡眠规律的大脑神经网络的一部分。当温度提示回路被激活时，通常可以被晨光激活的这些靶细胞就会休息。
“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental sensory modalities,” said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few in the world that is systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the fly brain -- the logic and organization -- may be the same all the way to humans. Whether fly or human, the sensory systems have to solve the same problems, so they often do it in the same ways.”
加里奥的研究团队是世界上为数不多的系统研究果蝇温度感应的团队之一，他表示：“温度感应是最基本的感觉方式之一。我们在果蝇大脑中发现的原理——逻辑和组织结构——可能对人类来说都是一样的。无论苍蝇还是人类，感觉系统都必须处理同样的问题，因此它们的处理机制通常也是相似的。”
来源：Study Finds，news.northwestern.edu
编辑：董静 | A study conducted by neurobiologists from Northwestern University made it possible to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
Their study on fruit flies, has found a thermometer circuit can transfer information about cold temps from their antennas right to the brain.
They show how, through this circuit, seasonally cold and dark conditions can inhibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness, particularly in the morning.
“This helps explains why -- for both flies and humans -- it is so hard to wake up in the morning in winter,” said Marco Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. “By studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so critical to regulating sleep.”
[Photo/Pexels]
The study, led by Gallio and conducted in Drosophila melanogaster, was published in the journal
Current Biology.
The paper describes for the first time “absolute cold” receptors residing in the fly antenna, which respond to temperature only below the fly’s “comfort zone” of approximately 77 degrees Fahrenheit.
Having identified those neurons, the researchers followed them all the way to their targets within the brain. They found the main recipients of this information are a small group of brain neurons that are part of a larger network that controls rhythms of activity and sleep. When the cold circuit they discovered is active, the target cells, which normally are activated by morning light, are shut down.
“Temperature sensing is one of the most fundamental sensory modalities,” said Gallio, whose group is one of only a few in the world that is systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the fly brain -- the logic and organization -- may be the same all the way to humans. Whether fly or human, the sensory systems have to solve the same problems, so they often do it in the same ways.” | 进入寒冷的冬季，很多人都有早上起床困难的问题。不管闹钟响了几次，总是感觉睡不醒，“被窝里面好暖好舒服，哪里都不想伸出来。”
这是咋回事儿？难道一到冬天，人也会像有些动物一样需要冬眠吗？今天我们就从科学角度详细说说，为什么冬天起床更困难。
美国西北大学神经生物学家进行的一项研究或许能解释导致这种现象的机理。
他们在对果蝇的研究中发现了一个温度提示回路，可以将低温信息从触角传输到大脑。
研究显示，通过该回路，季节性寒冷和黑暗环境可以抑制果蝇大脑中促进活动和清醒的神经元，特别是在早晨。
温伯格文理学院神经生物学副教授马可·加利奥表示：“这有助于解释为什么无论对苍蝇还是人类来说，在冬天的早上醒来都很困难。通过研究果蝇的行为，我们可以更好地理解温度对调节睡眠的重要性。”
这项研究由加利奥主导，研究对象为黑腹果蝇，研究成果发表在《当代生物学》杂志上。
这篇论文首次介绍了果蝇触角中的“绝对寒冷”感觉神经元，它们只对低于果蝇温度舒适区的气温作出反应。果蝇感到适宜的温度接近25摄氏度。
在识别出这些神经元后，研究人员一直追踪，发现了它们在大脑中对应的靶细胞。研究人员发现这些信息的主要接收者是一小群大脑神经元细胞，它们是控制活动和睡眠规律的大脑神经网络的一部分。当温度提示回路被激活时，通常可以被晨光激活的这些靶细胞就会休息。
加里奥的研究团队是世界上为数不多的系统研究果蝇温度感应的团队之一，他表示：“温度感应是最基本的感觉方式之一。我们在果蝇大脑中发现的原理——逻辑和组织结构——可能对人类来说都是一样的。无论苍蝇还是人类，感觉系统都必须处理同样的问题，因此它们的处理机制通常也是相似的。”
来源：Study Finds，news.northwestern.edu
编辑：董静 |
眼下新冠病毒依然在全球肆虐，疫情相关词频频入选各大词典的年度词汇，《韦氏词典》也不例外。该词典选出的2021年度词汇是从去年火到今年的“疫苗”（vaccine）。
A nurse prepares a dose of the of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine during the vaccination campaign at the Ridge Hospital in Accra, Ghana, March 2, 2021. REUTERS/Francis Kokoroko
"Vaccine" is Merriam-Webster's Word of the Year. The word was selected based on lookup data, notable spikes, and year-over-year increases in searches.
《韦氏词典》的年度词汇是“疫苗”。该词是基于查询数据、访问量峰值和同比搜索增加量选出的。
"This is a word that has kind of two parallel but intersecting stories: one is a medical story, and one is a political story or a cultural story," said Peter Sokolowski, Merriam-Webster's editor-at-large.
《韦氏词典》的特约编辑彼得·索科洛夫斯基说：“这个词有两个平行又相交的故事，一个是医学上的，还有一个是政治或文化上的。”
On the site, lookups for "vaccine" shot up 601% over 2020, especially toward the latter part of the year when the first US shot was administered in December. There was a 1,048% increase in site lookups this year compared to 2019.
《韦氏词典》网站上“疫苗”一词的查询量在2020年飙升了601%，下半年搜索量更高，尤其是去年12月美国接种第一剂疫苗之时。2021年“疫苗”一词的查询量比2019年增加了1048%。
And searches have remained stable through late fall, especially with talk about the Omicron variant and the efficacy of vaccines in stopping it.
而且该词搜索量一直到秋末都居高不下，尤其是在奥密克戎毒株引发有关疫苗有效性的讨论之后。
《韦氏词典》其他年度词汇
候选
One notable runner-up word was "insurrection," searches for which increased by 61,000% on January 7, the day after the January 6 siege on the US Capitol.
一个值得注意的候选年度词汇是“暴动”，由于美国国会大厦在1月6日遭遇袭击，该词在1月7日的搜索量暴增61000%。
Another runner-up was "perseverance," the name of NASA's latest Mars rover, which landed February 18. The name was chosen by a seventh-grader in Virginia who participated in an essay contest organized by NASA.
另一个重要的候选年度词汇是“毅力”，是美国宇航局最新的火星探测器的名字。“毅力号”于2月18日登陆火星。这个名字是美国宇航局通过作文比赛公开征集名称时选中的，提交这个名称的是弗吉尼亚州的一名七年级学生。
Other words in Merriam-Webster’s Top 10 include Cicada (we had an invasion), guardian (the Cleveland Indians became the Cleveland Guardians), meta (the lofty new name of Facebook’s parent company), cisgender (a gender identity that corresponds to one’s sex assigned at birth) and woke (charged with politics and political correctness).
入选《韦氏词典》候选年度词汇前十名的还包括：蝉（因大举入侵美国而入选）、守卫者（美国棒球队克里夫兰印地安人更名为克里夫兰守卫者）、元（脸书母公司高大上的新名字）、顺性别者（自我性别认定和出生时的生理性别相同的人）和警醒（满脑子都是政治正确性）。
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网、泰晤士报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | A nurse prepares a dose of the of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine during the vaccination campaign at the Ridge Hospital in Accra, Ghana, March 2, 2021. REUTERS/Francis Kokoroko
"Vaccine" is Merriam-Webster's Word of the Year. The word was selected based on lookup data, notable spikes, and year-over-year increases in searches.
"This is a word that has kind of two parallel but intersecting stories: one is a medical story, and one is a political story or a cultural story," said Peter Sokolowski, Merriam-Webster's editor-at-large.
On the site, lookups for "vaccine" shot up 601% over 2020, especially toward the latter part of the year when the first US shot was administered in December. There was a 1,048% increase in site lookups this year compared to 2019.
And searches have remained stable through late fall, especially with talk about the Omicron variant and the efficacy of vaccines in stopping it.
One notable runner-up word was "insurrection," searches for which increased by 61,000% on January 7, the day after the January 6 siege on the US Capitol.
Another runner-up was "perseverance," the name of NASA's latest Mars rover, which landed February 18. The name was chosen by a seventh-grader in Virginia who participated in an essay contest organized by NASA.
Other words in Merriam-Webster’s Top 10 include Cicada (we had an invasion), guardian (the Cleveland Indians became the Cleveland Guardians), meta (the lofty new name of Facebook’s parent company), cisgender (a gender identity that corresponds to one’s sex assigned at birth) and woke (charged with politics and political correctness). | 眼下新冠病毒依然在全球肆虐，疫情相关词频频入选各大词典的年度词汇，《韦氏词典》也不例外。该词典选出的2021年度词汇是从去年火到今年的“疫苗”（vaccine）。
《韦氏词典》的年度词汇是“疫苗”。该词是基于查询数据、访问量峰值和同比搜索增加量选出的。
《韦氏词典》的特约编辑彼得·索科洛夫斯基说：“这个词有两个平行又相交的故事，一个是医学上的，还有一个是政治或文化上的。”
《韦氏词典》网站上“疫苗”一词的查询量在2020年飙升了601%，下半年搜索量更高，尤其是去年12月美国接种第一剂疫苗之时。2021年“疫苗”一词的查询量比2019年增加了1048%。
而且该词搜索量一直到秋末都居高不下，尤其是在奥密克戎毒株引发有关疫苗有效性的讨论之后。
《韦氏词典》其他年度词汇
候选
一个值得注意的候选年度词汇是“暴动”，由于美国国会大厦在1月6日遭遇袭击，该词在1月7日的搜索量暴增61000%。
另一个重要的候选年度词汇是“毅力”，是美国宇航局最新的火星探测器的名字。“毅力号”于2月18日登陆火星。这个名字是美国宇航局通过作文比赛公开征集名称时选中的，提交这个名称的是弗吉尼亚州的一名七年级学生。
入选《韦氏词典》候选年度词汇前十名的还包括：蝉（因大举入侵美国而入选）、守卫者（美国棒球队克里夫兰印地安人更名为克里夫兰守卫者）、元（脸书母公司高大上的新名字）、顺性别者（自我性别认定和出生时的生理性别相同的人）和警醒（满脑子都是政治正确性）。
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网、泰晤士报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
对于近日在一些国家出现的新冠病毒变异毒株奥密克戎，世界卫生组织26日紧急召开专门评估会议，将其列为“需要关注”的变异毒株，要求各国加强监测与测序工作。奥密克戎毒株为何“需要关注”？此次病毒突变的意义何在？现有防疫工具是否还有效？关于奥密克戎毒株你想知道的都在这里。
[Photo/Agencies]
What is it called?
最新变异毒株叫什么？
The variant was initially referred to as B.1.1.529, but on Friday was designated as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization because of its “concerning” mutations and because “preliminary evidence suggests an increased risk of reinfection with this variant”. The WHO system assigns such variants a Greek letter, to provide a non-stigmatising label that does not associate new variants with the location where they were first detected. The new variant has been called Omicron.
该变异毒株最初被称为B.1.1.529，世界卫生组织11月26日认定其为“需要关注”的变异株，因为其出现“令人担忧”的突变以及“初步证据表明该变异株使人体再次感染的风险增加”。世卫组织以希腊字母“奥密克戎”命名该变异毒株。这样不带歧视的命名形式确保这些新变异毒株的名字不会与它们首次被发现的地方关联起来。
When was the Omicron variant first detected?
何时首次检测到奥密克戎毒株？
The B.1.1.529 variant was identified on Tuesday and highlighted as a concern due to its high number of mutations, which could lead it to evade immunity. It was also linked to a surge in case numbers in the Gauteng province of South Africa, an urban area containing Pretoria and Johannesburg, in the past two weeks. These two factors put it quickly on the radar of international monitors, with the chief medical adviser to the UK Health and Security Agency describing the variant as the “most worrying we’ve seen”.
奥密克戎变异毒株于11月23日被发现，由于其存在大量突变，可能逃避人体的免疫系统，而引起关注。该变异株与过去两周南非豪登省（包含比勒陀利亚和约翰内斯堡的城区）的病例数量激增有关。这两个因素迅速引起了国际监测机构的注意，英国卫生安全局首席医学顾问称这种变异毒株是“我们见过的最令人担忧的”。
Where did it come from?
奥密克戎毒株从哪里来？
Although initially linked to Gauteng, the variant did not necessarily originate there. The earliest sample showing the variant was collected in Botswana on 11 November. Scientists say that the unusual constellation of mutations suggests it may have emerged during a chronic infection of an immunocompromised person, such as an untreated HIV/Aids patient.
虽然奥密克戎毒株最初与豪登省相关，但并不一定起源于豪登省。该变异株的最早样本是11月11日在博茨瓦纳收集到的。科学家称，这种不寻常的大量突变表明，奥密克戎毒株可能是在免疫功能低下的人（如未经治疗的艾滋病病毒携带者或艾滋病患者）的慢性感染过程中出现的。
Why are scientists worried about it?
为什么科学家对此感到担忧？
The variant has more than 30 mutations on its spike protein – the key used by the virus to unlock our body’s cells – more than double the number carried by Delta. Such a dramatic change has raised concerns that the antibodies from previous infections or vaccination may no longer be well matched.
奥密克戎毒株的刺突蛋白有30多个突变，是德尔塔毒株的两倍多。刺突蛋白是病毒解锁人体细胞的钥匙。这种巨大的变化让人担心以前因感染或接种疫苗产生的抗体可能对奥密克戎毒株无效。
Is it more transmissible?
奥密克戎毒株传播力更强吗？
This is not yet clearcut but the emerging picture is worrying. There has been a surge of cases in South Africa from 273 cases on 16 November to more than 1,200 by the start of last week. More than 80% of these were from Gauteng province and preliminary analysis suggests the variant has rapidly become the dominant strain. The R value, which indicates how fast an epidemic is growing, is estimated to be 1.47 for South Africa as a whole, but 1.93 in Gauteng. There is a chance this is a statistical blip linked to a super-spreader event but the data has triggered enough concern for precautionary measures.
关于这点尚不清楚，但目前出现的情况令人担忧。南非的病例从11月16日的273例激增到上周初的1200多例。其中80%以上来自豪登省，初步分析表明该变种已迅速成为优势菌株。R值表示流行病的传播速度，据估算南非整体R值为1.47，豪登省R值为1.93。这可能是与超级传播者有关的暂时性统计突变，但统计数据已经足以让人担忧，需要采取预防措施。
[Photo/Agencies]
Will existing vaccines work against it?
现有的疫苗对奥密克戎毒株有效吗？
Scientists are concerned by the number of mutations and the fact some of them have already been linked to an ability to evade existing immune protection. These are theoretical predictions, though, and studies are rapidly being conducted to test how effectively antibodies neutralize the new variant. Real-world data on reinfection rates will also give a clearer indication on the extent of any change in immunity.
奥密克戎毒株基因突变的数量以及其中一些突变与逃避现有免疫保护的能力有关，这让科学家感到担忧。不过，这些都是理论上的预测，目前正在迅速开展研究，以测试抗体对新毒株的有效性如何。再感染率的真实数据也将更清楚地表明免疫力变化的程度。
Scientists do not expect that the variant will be entirely unrecognizable to existing antibodies, just that current vaccines may give less protection. So a crucial objective remains to increase vaccination rates, including third doses for at-risk groups.
科学家们并不认为现有抗体完全无法识别奥密克戎毒株，只是目前的疫苗保护力可能降低。因此，一个关键目标仍然是提高疫苗接种率，包括为高危人群提供第三剂疫苗。
What about existing drugs?
现有的药物呢？
Scientists expect that recently approved antiviral drugs, such as Merck’s pill, will work as effectively against the new variant because these drugs do not target the spike protein – they work by stopping the virus from replicating. However, there is a bigger risk that monoclonal antibodies, such as Regeneron’s treatment, could fail or partially fail because they target parts of the virus that will have mutated.
科学家们预计，最近批准的抗病毒药物，如默克的药剂，将对这种新毒株同样有效，因为这些药物不针对刺突蛋白——它们通过阻止病毒复制发挥作用。然而，单克隆抗体（如再生元制药公司的药物）失败或部分失败的风险更大，因为它们针对的是病毒将发生突变的部分。
Will the variant cause more severe Covid?
感染奥密克戎毒株病情会更严重吗？
There is no information yet on whether the variant leads to a change in Covid symptoms or severity – this is something South African scientists will be closely monitoring. Since there is a lag between infections and more serious illness, it will take several weeks before any clear data is available. At this stage, scientists say there is no strong reason to suspect that the latest variant will be either worse or milder.
目前还没有关于该变异株是否会导致新冠病毒症状或严重程度改变的信息——南非科学家将密切关注这一点。由于感染和更严重的病症之间存在时滞，因此需要几周时间才能获得明确的数据。在这个阶段，科学家表示没有强有力的理由怀疑感染奥密克戎毒株病情会更重或更轻。
来源：卫报
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Agencies]
What is it called?
The variant was initially referred to as B.1.1.529, but on Friday was designated as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization because of its “concerning” mutations and because “preliminary evidence suggests an increased risk of reinfection with this variant”. The WHO system assigns such variants a Greek letter, to provide a non-stigmatising label that does not associate new variants with the location where they were first detected. The new variant has been called Omicron.
When was the Omicron variant first detected?
The B.1.1.529 variant was identified on Tuesday and highlighted as a concern due to its high number of mutations, which could lead it to evade immunity. It was also linked to a surge in case numbers in the Gauteng province of South Africa, an urban area containing Pretoria and Johannesburg, in the past two weeks. These two factors put it quickly on the radar of international monitors, with the chief medical adviser to the UK Health and Security Agency describing the variant as the “most worrying we’ve seen”.
Where did it come from?
Although initially linked to Gauteng, the variant did not necessarily originate there. The earliest sample showing the variant was collected in Botswana on 11 November. Scientists say that the unusual constellation of mutations suggests it may have emerged during a chronic infection of an immunocompromised person, such as an untreated HIV/Aids patient.
Why are scientists worried about it?
The variant has more than 30 mutations on its spike protein – the key used by the virus to unlock our body’s cells – more than double the number carried by Delta. Such a dramatic change has raised concerns that the antibodies from previous infections or vaccination may no longer be well matched.
Is it more transmissible?
This is not yet clearcut but the emerging picture is worrying. There has been a surge of cases in South Africa from 273 cases on 16 November to more than 1,200 by the start of last week. More than 80% of these were from Gauteng province and preliminary analysis suggests the variant has rapidly become the dominant strain. The R value, which indicates how fast an epidemic is growing, is estimated to be 1.47 for South Africa as a whole, but 1.93 in Gauteng. There is a chance this is a statistical blip linked to a super-spreader event but the data has triggered enough concern for precautionary measures.
[Photo/Agencies]
Will existing vaccines work against it?
Scientists are concerned by the number of mutations and the fact some of them have already been linked to an ability to evade existing immune protection. These are theoretical predictions, though, and studies are rapidly being conducted to test how effectively antibodies neutralize the new variant. Real-world data on reinfection rates will also give a clearer indication on the extent of any change in immunity.
Scientists do not expect that the variant will be entirely unrecognizable to existing antibodies, just that current vaccines may give less protection. So a crucial objective remains to increase vaccination rates, including third doses for at-risk groups.
What about existing drugs?
Scientists expect that recently approved antiviral drugs, such as Merck’s pill, will work as effectively against the new variant because these drugs do not target the spike protein – they work by stopping the virus from replicating. However, there is a bigger risk that monoclonal antibodies, such as Regeneron’s treatment, could fail or partially fail because they target parts of the virus that will have mutated.
Will the variant cause more severe Covid?
There is no information yet on whether the variant leads to a change in Covid symptoms or severity – this is something South African scientists will be closely monitoring. Since there is a lag between infections and more serious illness, it will take several weeks before any clear data is available. At this stage, scientists say there is no strong reason to suspect that the latest variant will be either worse or milder. | 对于近日在一些国家出现的新冠病毒变异毒株奥密克戎，世界卫生组织26日紧急召开专门评估会议，将其列为“需要关注”的变异毒株，要求各国加强监测与测序工作。奥密克戎毒株为何“需要关注”？此次病毒突变的意义何在？现有防疫工具是否还有效？关于奥密克戎毒株你想知道的都在这里。
最新变异毒株叫什么？
该变异毒株最初被称为B.1.1.529，世界卫生组织11月26日认定其为“需要关注”的变异株，因为其出现“令人担忧”的突变以及“初步证据表明该变异株使人体再次感染的风险增加”。世卫组织以希腊字母“奥密克戎”命名该变异毒株。这样不带歧视的命名形式确保这些新变异毒株的名字不会与它们首次被发现的地方关联起来。
何时首次检测到奥密克戎毒株？
奥密克戎变异毒株于11月23日被发现，由于其存在大量突变，可能逃避人体的免疫系统，而引起关注。该变异株与过去两周南非豪登省（包含比勒陀利亚和约翰内斯堡的城区）的病例数量激增有关。这两个因素迅速引起了国际监测机构的注意，英国卫生安全局首席医学顾问称这种变异毒株是“我们见过的最令人担忧的”。
奥密克戎毒株从哪里来？
虽然奥密克戎毒株最初与豪登省相关，但并不一定起源于豪登省。该变异株的最早样本是11月11日在博茨瓦纳收集到的。科学家称，这种不寻常的大量突变表明，奥密克戎毒株可能是在免疫功能低下的人（如未经治疗的艾滋病病毒携带者或艾滋病患者）的慢性感染过程中出现的。
为什么科学家对此感到担忧？
奥密克戎毒株的刺突蛋白有30多个突变，是德尔塔毒株的两倍多。刺突蛋白是病毒解锁人体细胞的钥匙。这种巨大的变化让人担心以前因感染或接种疫苗产生的抗体可能对奥密克戎毒株无效。
奥密克戎毒株传播力更强吗？
关于这点尚不清楚，但目前出现的情况令人担忧。南非的病例从11月16日的273例激增到上周初的1200多例。其中80%以上来自豪登省，初步分析表明该变种已迅速成为优势菌株。R值表示流行病的传播速度，据估算南非整体R值为1.47，豪登省R值为1.93。这可能是与超级传播者有关的暂时性统计突变，但统计数据已经足以让人担忧，需要采取预防措施。
现有的疫苗对奥密克戎毒株有效吗？
奥密克戎毒株基因突变的数量以及其中一些突变与逃避现有免疫保护的能力有关，这让科学家感到担忧。不过，这些都是理论上的预测，目前正在迅速开展研究，以测试抗体对新毒株的有效性如何。再感染率的真实数据也将更清楚地表明免疫力变化的程度。
科学家们并不认为现有抗体完全无法识别奥密克戎毒株，只是目前的疫苗保护力可能降低。因此，一个关键目标仍然是提高疫苗接种率，包括为高危人群提供第三剂疫苗。
现有的药物呢？
科学家们预计，最近批准的抗病毒药物，如默克的药剂，将对这种新毒株同样有效，因为这些药物不针对刺突蛋白——它们通过阻止病毒复制发挥作用。然而，单克隆抗体（如再生元制药公司的药物）失败或部分失败的风险更大，因为它们针对的是病毒将发生突变的部分。
感染奥密克戎毒株病情会更严重吗？
目前还没有关于该变异株是否会导致新冠病毒症状或严重程度改变的信息——南非科学家将密切关注这一点。由于感染和更严重的病症之间存在时滞，因此需要几周时间才能获得明确的数据。在这个阶段，科学家表示没有强有力的理由怀疑感染奥密克戎毒株病情会更重或更轻。
来源：卫报
编辑：董静 |
每一年的圣诞季都是佳片云集的时刻，今年圣诞季你可以看到荷兰弟的最后一部《蜘蛛侠》，基努·里维斯时隔20年再度回归的《黑客帝国》新片，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的《西区故事》，还有全明星阵容的《不要抬头》。
(Credit: Sony Pictures/ Marvel Studios)
Spider-Man: No Way Home
《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》
Now that Marvel's superheroes have saved the Universe, their next job is obvious: they have to save the multiverse. In the third of the
Spider-Man
blockbusters starring Tom Holland, the teenage web-spinner accidentally opens a portal to numerous parallel realities. He finds himself up against Alfred Molina's Doctor Octopus, who fought the Tobey Maguire incarnation of Spider-Man, and Jamie Foxx's Electro, who fought the Andrew Garfield incarnation. And, who knows, he may even bump into Maguire and Garfield themselves. Sounds fun? Errr... well, apparently not. "What people will be really surprised about is that it's not fun, this film," Holland told
Total Film
. "It's dark and it's sad, and it's going to be really affecting. You're going to see characters that you love go through things that you would never wish for them to go through."
如今漫威的超级英雄已经拯救了宇宙，他们的下一个任务显而易见，那就是拯救多元宇宙。在汤姆·赫兰德主演的第三部《蜘蛛侠》中，这位少年蜘蛛侠意外打开了通往多个平行现实世界的大门，碰上了托比·马奎尔版蜘蛛侠和安德鲁·加菲尔德版蜘蛛侠的死对头——阿尔弗雷德·莫利纳饰演的章鱼博士和杰米·福克斯饰演的电光人。听上去很有意思？事实显然并非如此。赫兰德告诉《电影大全》杂志说：“让人们大吃一惊的是，这部电影并不好玩。这是一部阴暗悲伤的影片，而且还会催人泪下。你将看见你喜爱的角色经历你希望他们永远不要经历的可怕事情。”
Released internationally on 15 December
该片将于12月15日在全球上映。
(Credit: Niko Tavernise/ Netflix)
Don't Look Up
《不要抬头》
People are often slow to react to a cataclysm, whether it's a climate emergency or a global pandemic – and it was this tendency that prompted Adam McKay (
The Big Short
,
Vice
) to make his new satire,
Don't Look Up
. Jennifer Lawrence and Leonardo DiCaprio play two astronomers who have calculated that a "planet killer" comet is going to smash into the Earth, killing everyone. But the US president (Meryl Streep) is just one of the many people who refuse to face the facts. The rest of the all-star cast includes Rob Morgan, Jonah Hill, Timothée Chalamet and Ariana Grande.
人们对灾难的反应通常很迟钝，无论是气候危机还是全球性大流行病，正是这种迟钝促使亚当·麦凯（代表作《大空头》、《副总统》）拍出了讽刺新片《不要抬头》。詹妮弗·劳伦斯和莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥饰演两名天文学家，他们估算出一颗“足以毁灭行星的”彗星将会撞击地球，导致所有人丧生。但是梅丽尔·斯特里普饰演的美国总统和许多人一样不愿面对现实。该片的全明星阵容还包括罗布·摩根、乔纳·希尔、蒂莫西·柴勒梅德和爱莉安娜·格兰德。
In selected cinemas from 10 December, and on Netflix from 24 December
该片将于12月10日在北美部分影院上映，12月24日在奈飞平台上线。
(Credit: Warner Bros.)
The Matrix Resurrections
《黑客帝国：矩阵重启》
Almost two decades after
The Matrix Revolutions
rounded off the Matrix saga – or so it seemed – it's time to take the red pill once again. The story is that Neo (Keanu Reeves) has been living as plain old Thomas A Anderson, with no memory of his heroics as a robot-bashing, kung-fu-kicking messiah, and no knowledge of his relationship with Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss). Then, of course, everything changes. This is the first Matrix film to be directed by Lana Wachowski without her sister Lilly, and two of the series' best actors – Laurence Fishburne and Hugo Weaving – aren't returning. Still, the action-packed trailer looks suitably eye-popping, and, thanks to Mark Zuckerberg, virtual reality and the metaverse is a hot topic once again.
在《黑客帝国：矩阵革命》终结《黑客帝国》系列近20年后，现在似乎是时候再次服下红色药丸了。新片讲述了基努·里维斯饰演的尼奥已经忘却了自己用功夫打败机器人拯救世界的英雄过往，也不再记得他和崔妮蒂（凯瑞-安·莫斯饰演）的感情，现在他只是一个名叫托马斯·A·安德森的平凡老人。当然，接下来一切都改变了。这是拉娜·沃卓斯基在没有与妹妹莉莉合作的情况下执导的第一部《黑客帝国》电影，老片中最出色的两位演员劳伦斯·费什伯恩和雨果·维文也不会回归本片。尽管如此，武打戏十足的预告片看起来还是让人大开眼界。此外，多亏了马克·扎克伯格，虚拟现实和元宇宙再度成为了热门话题。
Released internationally on 22 December
该片将于12月22日在全球上映。
(Credit: Niko Tavernise/ Twentieth Century Fox)
West Side Story
《西区故事》
The original 1961 film of
West Side Story
, directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins, is renowned as one of the finest Hollywood musicals ever made. A New York-set update of
Romeo and Juliet
, it was the biggest box-office hit of the year, and went on to win 10 Oscars, including best picture. Why, then, should anyone watch a new take on the same material? Well, one answer is that this
West Side Story
is directed by Steven Spielberg. Another answer is that Stephen Sondheim, who wrote the lyrics to Leonard Bernstein's music, has given it his seal of approval. "It's really terrific," he said on
The Late Show
with Stephen Colbert. "And for those of you who know the show, there are going to be some real surprises in it, because Tony Kushner who wrote the screenplay has done some really imaginative and surprising things with the way the songs are used in the story, and the whole thing has real sparkle to it and real energy... Spielberg and Kushner really, really nailed it."
众所周知，罗伯特·怀斯和杰罗姆·罗宾斯导演的1961年原版《西区故事》是有史以来最精良的好莱坞音乐电影之一。这部电影以纽约为场景讲述了现代罗密欧和朱丽叶的故事，在当年票房登顶，还赢得了包括最佳影片奖在内的10座奥斯卡奖杯。那么，人们为什么还要看一部同样题材的翻拍电影呢？一个答案是，新版《西区故事》是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的。另一个答案是，曾为老版《西区故事》中伦纳德·伯恩斯坦创作的音乐填写歌词的斯蒂芬·桑德海姆已经对新片表示了认可。他在《深夜秀》节目上对斯蒂芬·科尔伯特说：“这部电影真是棒极了。对于那些已经看过老版电影的人，这部新片还是能给你一些惊喜，因为编剧托尼·库什纳用非常有想象力和惊人的方式将歌曲穿插在故事中，让整部片子焕发出光彩和生机……斯皮尔伯格和库什纳真的做到了。”
Released internationally on 10 December
该片将于12月10日在全球上映。
(Credit: Kerry Hayes/ 20th Century Studios)
Nightmare Alley
《玉面情魔》
Guillermo del Toro's first film as director since his Oscar-winning
The Shape of Water
is also his first not to feature ghosts, aliens, vampire superheroes or any other supernatural creatures. Despite having a spooky title,
Nightmare Alley
is a shadowy crime thriller based on a 1946 novel by William Lindsay Gresham. Bradley Cooper stars as The Great Stanton, a conjurer who steals a mind-reading act from a clairvoyant (Toni Collette) in a low-rent carnival. He performs it in swanky nightclubs with his loyal girlfriend (Rooney Mara), but a seductive psychologist (Cate Blanchett) is onto his game.
《玉面情魔》是吉尔莫·德尔·托罗自奥斯卡获奖影片《水形物语》之后的首部作品，也是他执导的第一部没有鬼魂、外星人、吸血鬼、超级英雄或其他超自然生物的电影。尽管电影名令人毛骨悚然，但是《玉面情魔》其实是一部阴暗神秘的犯罪惊悚片，该片基于威廉·林赛·格雷沙姆1946年的一部小说。布莱德利·库柏饰演魔术师斯坦顿，他在一次低档的嘉年华上偷看了占卜师（托妮·科莱特饰演）的一次占卜过程。然后他和鲁妮·玛拉饰演的忠实女友一起在豪华俱乐部表演读心术，但却被一位性感的心理学家（凯特·布兰切特饰演）盯上了。
Released on 3 December in India, and on 17 December in the US
该片将于12月3日在印度上映，12月17日在美国上映。
clairvoyant [klerˈvɔɪənt]: n. 能预知未来的人
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | (Credit: Sony Pictures/ Marvel Studios)
Spider-Man: No Way Home
Now that Marvel's superheroes have saved the Universe, their next job is obvious: they have to save the multiverse. In the third of the
Spider-Man
blockbusters starring Tom Holland, the teenage web-spinner accidentally opens a portal to numerous parallel realities. He finds himself up against Alfred Molina's Doctor Octopus, who fought the Tobey Maguire incarnation of Spider-Man, and Jamie Foxx's Electro, who fought the Andrew Garfield incarnation. And, who knows, he may even bump into Maguire and Garfield themselves. Sounds fun? Errr... well, apparently not. "What people will be really surprised about is that it's not fun, this film," Holland told
Total Film
. "It's dark and it's sad, and it's going to be really affecting. You're going to see characters that you love go through things that you would never wish for them to go through."
Released internationally on 15 December
(Credit: Niko Tavernise/ Netflix)
Don't Look Up
People are often slow to react to a cataclysm, whether it's a climate emergency or a global pandemic – and it was this tendency that prompted Adam McKay (
The Big Short
,
Vice
) to make his new satire,
Don't Look Up
In selected cinemas from 10 December, and on Netflix from 24 December
(Credit: Warner Bros.)
The Matrix Resurrections
Almost two decades after
The Matrix Revolutions
rounded off the Matrix saga – or so it seemed – it's time to take the red pill once again. The story is that Neo (Keanu Reeves) has been living as plain old Thomas A Anderson, with no memory of his heroics as a robot-bashing, kung-fu-kicking messiah, and no knowledge of his relationship with Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss). Then, of course, everything changes. This is the first Matrix film to be directed by Lana Wachowski without her sister Lilly, and two of the series' best actors – Laurence Fishburne and Hugo Weaving – aren't returning. Still, the action-packed trailer looks suitably eye-popping, and, thanks to Mark Zuckerberg, virtual reality and the metaverse is a hot topic once again.
Released internationally on 22 December
(Credit: Niko Tavernise/ Twentieth Century Fox)
West Side Story
The original 1961 film of
West Side Story
, directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins, is renowned as one of the finest Hollywood musicals ever made. A New York-set update of
Romeo and Juliet
, it was the biggest box-office hit of the year, and went on to win 10 Oscars, including best picture. Why, then, should anyone watch a new take on the same material? Well, one answer is that this
West Side Story
is directed by Steven Spielberg. Another answer is that Stephen Sondheim, who wrote the lyrics to Leonard Bernstein's music, has given it his seal of approval. "It's really terrific," he said on
The Late Show
with Stephen Colbert. "And for those of you who know the show, there are going to be some real surprises in it, because Tony Kushner who wrote the screenplay has done some really imaginative and surprising things with the way the songs are used in the story, and the whole thing has real sparkle to it and real energy... Spielberg and Kushner really, really nailed it."
Released internationally on 10 December
(Credit: Kerry Hayes/ 20th Century Studios)
Nightmare Alley
Guillermo del Toro's first film as director since his Oscar-winning
The Shape of Water
is also his first not to feature ghosts, aliens, vampire superheroes or any other supernatural creatures. Despite having a spooky title,
Nightmare Alley
is a shadowy crime thriller based on a 1946 novel by William Lindsay Gresham. Bradley Cooper stars as The Great Stanton, a conjurer who steals a mind-reading act from a clairvoyant (Toni Collette) in a low-rent carnival. He performs it in swanky nightclubs with his loyal girlfriend (Rooney Mara), but a seductive psychologist (Cate Blanchett) is onto his game.
Released on 3 December in India, and on 17 December in the US | 每一年的圣诞季都是佳片云集的时刻，今年圣诞季你可以看到荷兰弟的最后一部《蜘蛛侠》，基努·里维斯时隔20年再度回归的《黑客帝国》新片，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的《西区故事》，还有全明星阵容的《不要抬头》。
《蜘蛛侠：英雄无归》
如今漫威的超级英雄已经拯救了宇宙，他们的下一个任务显而易见，那就是拯救多元宇宙。在汤姆·赫兰德主演的第三部《蜘蛛侠》中，这位少年蜘蛛侠意外打开了通往多个平行现实世界的大门，碰上了托比·马奎尔版蜘蛛侠和安德鲁·加菲尔德版蜘蛛侠的死对头——阿尔弗雷德·莫利纳饰演的章鱼博士和杰米·福克斯饰演的电光人。听上去很有意思？事实显然并非如此。赫兰德告诉《电影大全》杂志说：“让人们大吃一惊的是，这部电影并不好玩。这是一部阴暗悲伤的影片，而且还会催人泪下。你将看见你喜爱的角色经历你希望他们永远不要经历的可怕事情。”
该片将于12月15日在全球上映。
《不要抬头》
. Jennifer Lawrence and Leonardo DiCaprio play two astronomers who have calculated that a "planet killer" comet is going to smash into the Earth, killing everyone. But the US president (Meryl Streep) is just one of the many people who refuse to face the facts. The rest of the all-star cast includes Rob Morgan, Jonah Hill, Timothée Chalamet and Ariana Grande.
人们对灾难的反应通常很迟钝，无论是气候危机还是全球性大流行病，正是这种迟钝促使亚当·麦凯（代表作《大空头》、《副总统》）拍出了讽刺新片《不要抬头》。詹妮弗·劳伦斯和莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥饰演两名天文学家，他们估算出一颗“足以毁灭行星的”彗星将会撞击地球，导致所有人丧生。但是梅丽尔·斯特里普饰演的美国总统和许多人一样不愿面对现实。该片的全明星阵容还包括罗布·摩根、乔纳·希尔、蒂莫西·柴勒梅德和爱莉安娜·格兰德。
该片将于12月10日在北美部分影院上映，12月24日在奈飞平台上线。
《黑客帝国：矩阵重启》
在《黑客帝国：矩阵革命》终结《黑客帝国》系列近20年后，现在似乎是时候再次服下红色药丸了。新片讲述了基努·里维斯饰演的尼奥已经忘却了自己用功夫打败机器人拯救世界的英雄过往，也不再记得他和崔妮蒂（凯瑞-安·莫斯饰演）的感情，现在他只是一个名叫托马斯·A·安德森的平凡老人。当然，接下来一切都改变了。这是拉娜·沃卓斯基在没有与妹妹莉莉合作的情况下执导的第一部《黑客帝国》电影，老片中最出色的两位演员劳伦斯·费什伯恩和雨果·维文也不会回归本片。尽管如此，武打戏十足的预告片看起来还是让人大开眼界。此外，多亏了马克·扎克伯格，虚拟现实和元宇宙再度成为了热门话题。
该片将于12月22日在全球上映。
《西区故事》
众所周知，罗伯特·怀斯和杰罗姆·罗宾斯导演的1961年原版《西区故事》是有史以来最精良的好莱坞音乐电影之一。这部电影以纽约为场景讲述了现代罗密欧和朱丽叶的故事，在当年票房登顶，还赢得了包括最佳影片奖在内的10座奥斯卡奖杯。那么，人们为什么还要看一部同样题材的翻拍电影呢？一个答案是，新版《西区故事》是史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的。另一个答案是，曾为老版《西区故事》中伦纳德·伯恩斯坦创作的音乐填写歌词的斯蒂芬·桑德海姆已经对新片表示了认可。他在《深夜秀》节目上对斯蒂芬·科尔伯特说：“这部电影真是棒极了。对于那些已经看过老版电影的人，这部新片还是能给你一些惊喜，因为编剧托尼·库什纳用非常有想象力和惊人的方式将歌曲穿插在故事中，让整部片子焕发出光彩和生机……斯皮尔伯格和库什纳真的做到了。”
该片将于12月10日在全球上映。
《玉面情魔》
《玉面情魔》是吉尔莫·德尔·托罗自奥斯卡获奖影片《水形物语》之后的首部作品，也是他执导的第一部没有鬼魂、外星人、吸血鬼、超级英雄或其他超自然生物的电影。尽管电影名令人毛骨悚然，但是《玉面情魔》其实是一部阴暗神秘的犯罪惊悚片，该片基于威廉·林赛·格雷沙姆1946年的一部小说。布莱德利·库柏饰演魔术师斯坦顿，他在一次低档的嘉年华上偷看了占卜师（托妮·科莱特饰演）的一次占卜过程。然后他和鲁妮·玛拉饰演的忠实女友一起在豪华俱乐部表演读心术，但却被一位性感的心理学家（凯特·布兰切特饰演）盯上了。
该片将于12月3日在印度上映，12月17日在美国上映。
clairvoyant [klerˈvɔɪənt]: n. 能预知未来的人
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
国外网站RunRepeat的一项调查发现，摩羯座运动员共获得过1202枚奥运奖牌，位居十二星座奥运奖牌榜榜首，比其他星座所获奖牌平均数高58.6%，其他星座运动员平均获得757枚奖牌。该网站统计了1896年至2018年间28届夏季奥运会和23届冬季奥运会的16027名奖牌获得者的生日，不包括奥运会团体项目获奖者。一起来看完整榜单！
[Photo/Xinhua]
12 Leo 狮子座
Coming in as the least competitive of all zodiac signs, 510 Leo athletes in the study have a total of 681 medals combined. But while they may not be major winners, Leos don't seem to let this bring them down, as they're confident, protective, and welcoming.
作为十二星座中竞争力最弱的星座，调查中的510名狮子座运动员共获得681枚奖牌。不过，尽管狮子座可能不是主要的赢家，但他们似乎并不会因此失望，因为他们自信、保护欲强、热情友好。
They are naturally regal, and always assume a boss-like stance in any relationship or group dynamic.
他们是天生的王者，在任何人际关系或群体互动中都会表现出领导风范。
Lyu Xiaojun [Photo/IC]
11 Scorpio 天蝎座
Out of 531 athletes, Scorpios have 696 medals. This water sign is still a force to be reckoned with, however, despite how uncompetitive they are. Allure notes that Scorpios not only "lie in wait and strike when least expected," but they are very intuitive and passionate. They will also work long and hard to achieve their goals, refusing to let anything get in their way.
531名天蝎座运动员共获得696枚奖牌。尽管竞争力欠佳，这个水象星座仍是一股不可忽视的力量。Allure网站称，天蝎座不仅会“静静等待并在最不经意的时候发起攻击”，而且他们直觉敏锐，充满激情。天蝎座还会为了实现自己的目标而付出长期努力，不会让任何事情妨碍到他们。
10 Taurus 金牛座
The 518 Taureans in this study received a total of 713 Olympic medals. Because of the laid-back lives they live, per
Cosmopolitan
, it's no surprise that these athletes don't have the biggest competitive side.
调查中的518名金牛座运动员共获得713枚奥运奖牌。《大都会》杂志称，金牛座过着悠闲的生活，所以他们不具备最强的竞争力。
"They are soothing, stoic, chilled, and happy in their own skin,"
Cosmopolitan
says. "There is no drama or tension in their default state of mind or mood."
《大都会》称：“金牛座安闲、坚忍、冷静、自在快乐。他们的默认情绪里没有紧张刺激。”
9 Libra 天秤座
Ma Long[Photo/Xinhua]
Only slightly more competitive than Taureans, Libras have won 724 medals, out of 529 athletes. While they aren't big on competition, they are big on learning new things. According to Allure, this air sign has great taste and is very intellectual. They're also very focused on finding the fairest solution to any problem, so they won't let any aggression or competition get to them in the process.
529名天秤座运动员比金牛座运动员略胜一筹，共获得724枚奖牌。虽然他们不热衷于竞争，但他们热衷于学习新事物。Allure网站称，天秤座有品味，有智慧。他们也非常专注于在任何问题上找到最公平的解决方案，因此他们不会让任何挑衅或竞争影响到他们。 | [Photo/Xinhua]
Coming in as the least competitive of all zodiac signs, 510 Leo athletes in the study have a total of 681 medals combined. But while they may not be major winners, Leos don't seem to let this bring them down, as they're confident, protective, and welcoming.
They are naturally regal, and always assume a boss-like stance in any relationship or group dynamic.
Lyu Xiaojun [Photo/IC]
Out of 531 athletes, Scorpios have 696 medals. This water sign is still a force to be reckoned with, however, despite how uncompetitive they are. Allure notes that Scorpios not only "lie in wait and strike when least expected," but they are very intuitive and passionate. They will also work long and hard to achieve their goals, refusing to let anything get in their way.
The 518 Taureans in this study received a total of 713 Olympic medals. Because of the laid-back lives they live, per
Cosmopolitan
, it's no surprise that these athletes don't have the biggest competitive side.
"They are soothing, stoic, chilled, and happy in their own skin,"
Cosmopolitan
says. "There is no drama or tension in their default state of mind or mood."
Ma Long[Photo/Xinhua]
Only slightly more competitive than Taureans, Libras have won 724 medals, out of 529 athletes. While they aren't big on competition, they are big on learning new things. According to Allure, this air sign has great taste and is very intellectual. They're also very focused on finding the fairest solution to any problem, so they won't let any aggression or competition get to them in the process. | 国外网站RunRepeat的一项调查发现，摩羯座运动员共获得过1202枚奥运奖牌，位居十二星座奥运奖牌榜榜首，比其他星座所获奖牌平均数高58.6%，其他星座运动员平均获得757枚奖牌。该网站统计了1896年至2018年间28届夏季奥运会和23届冬季奥运会的16027名奖牌获得者的生日，不包括奥运会团体项目获奖者。一起来看完整榜单！
12 Leo 狮子座
作为十二星座中竞争力最弱的星座，调查中的510名狮子座运动员共获得681枚奖牌。不过，尽管狮子座可能不是主要的赢家，但他们似乎并不会因此失望，因为他们自信、保护欲强、热情友好。
他们是天生的王者，在任何人际关系或群体互动中都会表现出领导风范。
11 Scorpio 天蝎座
531名天蝎座运动员共获得696枚奖牌。尽管竞争力欠佳，这个水象星座仍是一股不可忽视的力量。Allure网站称，天蝎座不仅会“静静等待并在最不经意的时候发起攻击”，而且他们直觉敏锐，充满激情。天蝎座还会为了实现自己的目标而付出长期努力，不会让任何事情妨碍到他们。
10 Taurus 金牛座
调查中的518名金牛座运动员共获得713枚奥运奖牌。《大都会》杂志称，金牛座过着悠闲的生活，所以他们不具备最强的竞争力。
《大都会》称：“金牛座安闲、坚忍、冷静、自在快乐。他们的默认情绪里没有紧张刺激。”
9 Libra 天秤座
529名天秤座运动员比金牛座运动员略胜一筹，共获得724枚奖牌。虽然他们不热衷于竞争，但他们热衷于学习新事物。Allure网站称，天秤座有品味，有智慧。他们也非常专注于在任何问题上找到最公平的解决方案，因此他们不会让任何挑衅或竞争影响到他们。 |
除了口音和名字外怎样区分英国人、德国人和法国人？来看看Quora上获得高赞的回答。
[Photo/Pexels]
获得29.2k好评的回答@Shanti Vanderborght：
I’m French, lived 10 years in the UK and currently living in Germany. I can sometimes tell the three apart from some subtle physical features.
我是法国人，在英国住了10年，现居德国。有时根据微妙的身体特征我就能把这三个国家的人区分开。
Outward appearance:
外貌：
•Freckles and red hair - very common in the UK, relatively common in France, very rare in Germany.
雀斑和红头发——在英国很常见，法国一般多，德国很少见。
•Blue eyes - very common in the UK and in Germany, relatively rare in France.
蓝眼睛——在英国和德国很常见，法国相对少一点。
•British people are generally taller than French people, and German people are generally taller than British people.
英国人普遍比法国人高，德国人普遍比英国人高。
•French people tend to be generally less overweight than in the UK and Germany (or perhaps overweight people in France stay indoors?).
法国人中超重的人一般比英国人和德国人少。（或者可能法国超重的人都不出屋？）
•There are also ways people dress, but it’s very complex and would take a lot of time to explain. Some items of clothing are just more popular in some countries than in others. For example, German people often wear sandals with their socks on, which is something a French person would normally never do. In Berlin, where I live, people don’t really dress a smart as they would in Paris or London. Germans have a reputation for not caring so much about their outward appearance – as long as the clothes are efficient and comfortable, they’re happy! They also seem to love sportswear more than anywhere else.
人们穿着也有区别，但这个问题很复杂，解释起来很费时间。有些着装在某些国家比其他国家更流行，比如德国人穿凉鞋时常穿袜子，法国人通常不会这样做。我住在柏林，那里的人们真没有巴黎或伦敦的人穿得时尚。都知道德国人不是很在乎外表，只要衣服得体舒适他们就很开心！他们也似乎比其他任何地区的人都更喜欢运动服。
Traits of character:
性格特点：
•The French cannot queue, while the British just seem to love it.
法国人不排队，但英国人就热衷排队。
•French people are always late, British people are always on time and German people are always early.
法国人总是迟到，英国人总是守时，德国人总会提前。
•French people use their hands a lot more when they speak, and take a lot more time to say something.
法国人说话时总是用手比划，说话更费时间。
•French people care a lot about how things are done or said. The British do care about things are done and said, but only in a context of etiquette and politeness. Germans just care about how things are done.
法国人很在乎做事或说话的方式，英国人在乎做事和说话要讲规矩、有礼貌，德国人只在乎怎样做事。
•The French and the British seem to care more about how things look. For example, food products and packaging.
法国人和英国人好像更关注事情的外在，比如食品和包装。
Habits and customs:
习惯和习俗：
•French people kiss on the cheeks when saying hello to friends and relatives, whereas British people do it only with very close friends, and even though very rarely. A lot of them just never do it, even with their family. They don’t even shake hands (except perhaps in more formal settings). Germans are somehow in between, but a handshake is usually enough.
法国人跟朋友亲人打招呼时会亲吻对方脸颊，而英国人只会在亲密的朋友间这样做，甚至很少这样做，很多人从来不这样，甚至跟家人也不会。他们甚至不握手（除非是正式场合）。德国人介于两者之间，但通常握手就够了。
•When it comes to food, for example in a restaurant, a French person would never think of ordering beer with a meal, which is something totally normal for a German or a Brit.
提到食物，比如在饭店里法国人吃饭从不点啤酒，但对德国人或英国人来说却很正常。
•I find Germans the cleanest and most disciplined in public spaces. The French are the worst and the British somehow in between.
我发现德国人在公共场所最干净、最守规矩，法国人在这方面最不好，英国人介于两者之间。
（来源：沪江英语 翻译：菲菲 编辑：丹妮） | [Photo/Pexels]
I’m French, lived 10 years in the UK and currently living in Germany. I can sometimes tell the three apart from some subtle physical features.
Outward appearance:
•Freckles and red hair - very common in the UK, relatively common in France, very rare in Germany.
•Blue eyes - very common in the UK and in Germany, relatively rare in France.
•British people are generally taller than French people, and German people are generally taller than British people.
•French people tend to be generally less overweight than in the UK and Germany (or perhaps overweight people in France stay indoors?).
•There are also ways people dress, but it’s very complex and would take a lot of time to explain. Some items of clothing are just more popular in some countries than in others. For example, German people often wear sandals with their socks on, which is something a French person would normally never do. In Berlin, where I live, people don’t really dress a smart as they would in Paris or London. Germans have a reputation for not caring so much about their outward appearance – as long as the clothes are efficient and comfortable, they’re happy! They also seem to love sportswear more than anywhere else.
Traits of character:
•The French cannot queue, while the British just seem to love it.
•French people are always late, British people are always on time and German people are always early.
•French people use their hands a lot more when they speak, and take a lot more time to say something.
•French people care a lot about how things are done or said. The British do care about things are done and said, but only in a context of etiquette and politeness. Germans just care about how things are done.
•The French and the British seem to care more about how things look. For example, food products and packaging.
Habits and customs:
•French people kiss on the cheeks when saying hello to friends and relatives, whereas British people do it only with very close friends, and even though very rarely. A lot of them just never do it, even with their family. They don’t even shake hands (except perhaps in more formal settings). Germans are somehow in between, but a handshake is usually enough.
•When it comes to food, for example in a restaurant, a French person would never think of ordering beer with a meal, which is something totally normal for a German or a Brit.
•I find Germans the cleanest and most disciplined in public spaces. The French are the worst and the British somehow in between. | 除了口音和名字外怎样区分英国人、德国人和法国人？来看看Quora上获得高赞的回答。
获得29.2k好评的回答@Shanti Vanderborght：
我是法国人，在英国住了10年，现居德国。有时根据微妙的身体特征我就能把这三个国家的人区分开。
外貌：
雀斑和红头发——在英国很常见，法国一般多，德国很少见。
蓝眼睛——在英国和德国很常见，法国相对少一点。
英国人普遍比法国人高，德国人普遍比英国人高。
法国人中超重的人一般比英国人和德国人少。（或者可能法国超重的人都不出屋？）
人们穿着也有区别，但这个问题很复杂，解释起来很费时间。有些着装在某些国家比其他国家更流行，比如德国人穿凉鞋时常穿袜子，法国人通常不会这样做。我住在柏林，那里的人们真没有巴黎或伦敦的人穿得时尚。都知道德国人不是很在乎外表，只要衣服得体舒适他们就很开心！他们也似乎比其他任何地区的人都更喜欢运动服。
性格特点：
法国人不排队，但英国人就热衷排队。
法国人总是迟到，英国人总是守时，德国人总会提前。
法国人说话时总是用手比划，说话更费时间。
法国人很在乎做事或说话的方式，英国人在乎做事和说话要讲规矩、有礼貌，德国人只在乎怎样做事。
法国人和英国人好像更关注事情的外在，比如食品和包装。
习惯和习俗：
法国人跟朋友亲人打招呼时会亲吻对方脸颊，而英国人只会在亲密的朋友间这样做，甚至很少这样做，很多人从来不这样，甚至跟家人也不会。他们甚至不握手（除非是正式场合）。德国人介于两者之间，但通常握手就够了。
提到食物，比如在饭店里法国人吃饭从不点啤酒，但对德国人或英国人来说却很正常。
我发现德国人在公共场所最干净、最守规矩，法国人在这方面最不好，英国人介于两者之间。
（来源：沪江英语 翻译：菲菲 编辑：丹妮） |
“年龄不是问题，身高不是距离。”当爱情发生时，似乎一切都不是问题。不过，是否存在最佳的年龄差可以让亲密关系更长久呢？
[Photo/Pexels]
An often-asserted rule of thumb to determine whether an age difference is socially acceptable holds that a person should never date someone whose age is less than half their own plus seven years.
一种流传很广的理论认为，社会普遍能接受的年龄差是年纪小的一方不小于年纪大的一方年龄的一半加上7。
按照这个公式来看，一个28岁的人和一个小于21岁（28÷2+7=21）的对象谈恋爱就不太合适。
尽管来源是个谜，但这个理论已经被不少人拿来判断两个人的年龄差距是否合适。
男性和女性的选择有何不同
交友网站OKCupid的联合创始人Christian Rudder所做的研究表明：男性和女性在年龄差上的偏好有所不同。
While female users look for men roughly the same age as them (or perhaps a year or two older) men prefer women in their early twenties, regardless of their own age.
女性通常会选择和自己年龄大致相近或者大一两岁的对象，而男性无论多少岁都会更倾向于选择20出头的对象。
While women prefer a small and constant age gap, men are so hooked on the idea of a nubile young partner that they prefer a larger age gap the older they get.
女性更喜欢小而恒定的年龄差距，而男性非常着迷于年轻性感的伴侣，因此男性年龄越大越倾向于选择更大的年龄差。
Across Western countries, about 8 percent of all married heterosexual couples can be classified as having a large age gap (ten years or more). These generally involve older men partnered with younger women. About 1 percent of age-gap couples involve an older woman partnered with a younger man.
在西方国家，大约8%的已婚异性夫妻年龄差距都较大（10岁或更大），其中大部分夫妇是年长男性与年轻女性的结合，1%是年长女性与年轻男性的结合。
那么，较小的年龄差距会使两个人在一起的可能性变大吗？
[Photo/Pexels]
年龄差越小越好？
小的年龄差似乎有不少优点，两个人之间较多的相同点或许能增强彼此间的情感联系。
The ability of both members of a couple to sing a favourite childhood television theme tune could bond them together, at the risk of irritating those nearby.
情侣们冒着打扰身边人的风险，哼唱同一首孩提时期最喜欢的电视剧主题曲，或许能让二人更亲近。
In 2014, the Atlantic claimed that “a five year age difference makes a couple 18 percent more likely to get divorced, compared to a couple born on or around the same year.”
据Atlantic在2014年的研究，有5岁年龄差的夫妻离婚的可能性比年龄相同或相近的夫妻要大18%。
但是这种判定也不是绝对的，离婚与年龄差不一定就存在着因果关系。
关系走向与什么有关？
虽然不少人认为有较大年龄差的两个人关系可能不会长久，但也有研究表明伴侣之间年龄差较大意味着更多的信任与承诺。
These couples seem to report greater trust and lower jealousy than similar-age couples. Over three-quarters of couples where younger women are partnered with older men report satisfying romantic relationships.
年龄差较大的情侣会更信任彼此，嫉妒也会少得多。有超过四分之三的年轻女性与年长男性结合的情侣们对亲密关系很满意。
If people in age-gap couples believe their family, friends and wider community disapprove of their union, then relationship commitment decreases and the risk of break-up increases.
如果存在年龄差的情侣们认为他们的家人或朋友不赞成二人的结合，那么这段关系破裂的可能性就会相应增大。
Another factor at play may have to do with the stage of life each partner is experiencing. For instance, a ten-year gap between a 20-year-old and a 30-year-old may bring up different challenges and issues than for a ten-year gap where one partner is 53 and the other is 63.
另外一个影响关系走向的因素是两个人所处的人生阶段。例如，同样是10岁的年龄差，20岁和30岁之间人生阶段的差异自然要比53岁和63岁的大很多。
真爱面前年龄不是问题
当然，数据只是一个大致趋势，爱情这种人生的修行还是如人饮水，冷暖自知。
世界上不存在成功爱情的秘诀，一段亲密关系能否快乐而健康最终还是取决于身处其中的当事人。
尽管年龄差距可能会为一段关系中的两人带来一些挑战，但只要双方共同维系这段感情，年龄就不会成为障碍。
We all know that the best things in life don't come without putting in a little work, and love is no exception.
爱情和生活中其他美好的事情一样，不付出努力是不会来到我们身边的。
愿大家都能找到自己生命中的“the one”。
编辑：李金昳 商桢
实习生：向静雅
来源：维基百科 经济学人 The Conversation BRIDES | [Photo/Pexels]
An often-asserted rule of thumb to determine whether an age difference is socially acceptable holds that a person should never date someone whose age is less than half their own plus seven years.
While female users look for men roughly the same age as them (or perhaps a year or two older) men prefer women in their early twenties, regardless of their own age.
While women prefer a small and constant age gap, men are so hooked on the idea of a nubile young partner that they prefer a larger age gap the older they get.
Across Western countries, about 8 percent of all married heterosexual couples can be classified as having a large age gap (ten years or more). These generally involve older men partnered with younger women. About 1 percent of age-gap couples involve an older woman partnered with a younger man.
[Photo/Pexels]
The ability of both members of a couple to sing a favourite childhood television theme tune could bond them together, at the risk of irritating those nearby.
In 2014, the Atlantic claimed that “a five year age difference makes a couple 18 percent more likely to get divorced, compared to a couple born on or around the same year.”
These couples seem to report greater trust and lower jealousy than similar-age couples. Over three-quarters of couples where younger women are partnered with older men report satisfying romantic relationships.
If people in age-gap couples believe their family, friends and wider community disapprove of their union, then relationship commitment decreases and the risk of break-up increases.
Another factor at play may have to do with the stage of life each partner is experiencing. For instance, a ten-year gap between a 20-year-old and a 30-year-old may bring up different challenges and issues than for a ten-year gap where one partner is 53 and the other is 63.
We all know that the best things in life don't come without putting in a little work, and love is no exception. | “年龄不是问题，身高不是距离。”当爱情发生时，似乎一切都不是问题。不过，是否存在最佳的年龄差可以让亲密关系更长久呢？
一种流传很广的理论认为，社会普遍能接受的年龄差是年纪小的一方不小于年纪大的一方年龄的一半加上7。
按照这个公式来看，一个28岁的人和一个小于21岁（28÷2+7=21）的对象谈恋爱就不太合适。
尽管来源是个谜，但这个理论已经被不少人拿来判断两个人的年龄差距是否合适。
男性和女性的选择有何不同
交友网站OKCupid的联合创始人Christian Rudder所做的研究表明：男性和女性在年龄差上的偏好有所不同。
女性通常会选择和自己年龄大致相近或者大一两岁的对象，而男性无论多少岁都会更倾向于选择20出头的对象。
女性更喜欢小而恒定的年龄差距，而男性非常着迷于年轻性感的伴侣，因此男性年龄越大越倾向于选择更大的年龄差。
在西方国家，大约8%的已婚异性夫妻年龄差距都较大（10岁或更大），其中大部分夫妇是年长男性与年轻女性的结合，1%是年长女性与年轻男性的结合。
那么，较小的年龄差距会使两个人在一起的可能性变大吗？
年龄差越小越好？
小的年龄差似乎有不少优点，两个人之间较多的相同点或许能增强彼此间的情感联系。
情侣们冒着打扰身边人的风险，哼唱同一首孩提时期最喜欢的电视剧主题曲，或许能让二人更亲近。
据Atlantic在2014年的研究，有5岁年龄差的夫妻离婚的可能性比年龄相同或相近的夫妻要大18%。
但是这种判定也不是绝对的，离婚与年龄差不一定就存在着因果关系。
关系走向与什么有关？
虽然不少人认为有较大年龄差的两个人关系可能不会长久，但也有研究表明伴侣之间年龄差较大意味着更多的信任与承诺。
年龄差较大的情侣会更信任彼此，嫉妒也会少得多。有超过四分之三的年轻女性与年长男性结合的情侣们对亲密关系很满意。
如果存在年龄差的情侣们认为他们的家人或朋友不赞成二人的结合，那么这段关系破裂的可能性就会相应增大。
另外一个影响关系走向的因素是两个人所处的人生阶段。例如，同样是10岁的年龄差，20岁和30岁之间人生阶段的差异自然要比53岁和63岁的大很多。
真爱面前年龄不是问题
当然，数据只是一个大致趋势，爱情这种人生的修行还是如人饮水，冷暖自知。
世界上不存在成功爱情的秘诀，一段亲密关系能否快乐而健康最终还是取决于身处其中的当事人。
尽管年龄差距可能会为一段关系中的两人带来一些挑战，但只要双方共同维系这段感情，年龄就不会成为障碍。
爱情和生活中其他美好的事情一样，不付出努力是不会来到我们身边的。
愿大家都能找到自己生命中的“the one”。
编辑：李金昳 商桢
实习生：向静雅
来源：维基百科 经济学人 The Conversation BRIDES |
想象一下，走出家门不到10分钟就能到达工作场地、学校、健身中心和娱乐场所，这样的生活是多么便利！韩国首尔近日推出的一个社区项目即将把这个美妙设想变成现实。
Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
The idea of a "15-minute city," in which residents can all reach work and leisure facilities within a quarter-hour walk -- or cycle -- of their homes, has gained significant traction among urban planners during the Covid-19 pandemic.
“15分钟城市”，即居民都能从家步行或骑车15分钟内到达工作和休闲场所，这一概念在新冠疫情期间越来越受城市规划者的欢迎。
Now, a group of architects is planning an even more ambitious neighborhood in South Korea's capital, Seoul: a 10-minute city.
如今，一群建筑师正在韩国首都首尔规划一个更加雄心勃勃的社区项目——10分钟城市。
Dubbed "Project H1," the development is set to transform an old industrial site into an interconnected "smart" city. Combining eight residential buildings with co-working offices and study spaces, the 125-acre district is also set to house entertainment venues, fitness centers, swimming pools and even hydroponic urban farms.
该规划被称为“H1项目”，旨在将一个老工业区改造成一个互相连通的“智慧”城市。通过将8栋住宅楼和联合办公区、教学空间结合在一起，这块方圆125英亩（50.6万平方米）的地上将建起娱乐场所、健身中心、游泳池甚至城市水培农场。
The project comprises eight residential towers, as well as retail, commercial and leisure facilities. Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
Designed by Dutch architecture firm UNStudio and backed by Hyundai Development Company (a real estate firm owned by the conglomerate behind the car maker of the same name), the neighborhood will also be completely car-free. A press release for the project claimed that "all the conveniences of the city" will be within a 10-minute walk of people's homes.
这个项目由荷兰建筑公司UNStudio设计、现代房地产开发公司出资建造，建成后将实现无车化。该项目发布新闻稿称，“城市的所有便利”将会在从家步行10分钟以内的范围享受到。
In a statement, UNStudio co-founder Ben van Berkel said that residents' "daily life experience" is the project's "top priority."
UNStudio建筑师事务所的联合创始人本·凡·贝克尔在一份声明中称，居民的“日常生活体验”是项目“最重视的事”。
"We do this through the inclusion of a rich density of uplifting, curated on-site experiences that provide an extensive range of options for how they can spend their living, working and leisure time, thereby also saving them the time needed to travel elsewhere in the city -- because with time that is saved, more time is created," he is quoted as saying.
他在声明中说道：“我们在项目中密集植入精心策划的各种活力现场体验，从而为居民提供了生活、工作和休闲的多样化选择，由此节省了他们去市内其他地方所需的出行时间，这样一来时间就变多了。”
A spokesperson for UNStudio confirmed that project has been green-lit but did not disclose when it is likely to break ground. For now, a series of CGI renderings hint at how the neighborhood will look, with public plazas, gardens, green roofs and "nature zones" connected by pedestrian walkways.
UNStudio的一名发言人证实该项目已获批准，但是没有透露何时动工。目前只能看到电脑生成的效果图，图上显示这个社区有广场、花园、绿色屋顶以及和多条人行道相连的“自然区”。
A digital rendering shows residents walking through the pedestrianized neighborhood. Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
The architects also said that clean energy will be generated on site, while systems to capture and store rain are being designed to reduce water use.
这家建筑公司还透露，社区内将会就地生产清洁能源，还会建立收集和储存雨水的节水系统。
The "15-minute city" concept was first proposed by French-Colombian academic Carlos Moreno in 2016, and was more recently popularized by Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo, who proposed making the French capital a "ville du quart d'heure" -- a quarter-hour city -- during her recent reelection campaign.
“15分钟城市”概念是法裔哥伦比亚籍学者卡洛斯·莫雷诺于2016年首次提出的，近期在巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈的连任竞选活动中得到推广。伊达尔戈提议把法国首都改造成一个15分钟城市。
Critics have suggested that the concept could cause gentrification by further concentrating wealth in the most accessible and convenient districts. The desirability of "15-minute" neighborhoods may, in turn, result in home prices that exclude low-income and marginalized communities.
批评人士指出，这一概念可能会让财富进一步往最便利地区集中，从而导致住宅高档化。“15分钟”社区的高需求量最后可能会抬高房价，从而把低收入者和边缘化社区排除在外。
An aerial view of the proposed neighborhood. Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
But the Covid-19 pandemic has seen growing interest in the concept. With people around the world working from home and avoiding public transport, urban planners have begun pedestrianizing streets and reimagining how cities manage dense populations.
但是新冠疫情的暴发催热了这一概念。由于世界各地的人们在家办公、远离公交，城市规划者开始将街道改造成步行区，并重新设想城市管理高密度人口的方式。
Writing in the academic journal
Smart Cities
earlier this year, Moreno said, "The emergence of this pandemic exposed the vulnerability of cities ... and the need for a radical re-thinking, where innovative measures need to be tailored to ensure that urban residents are able to cope and continue with their basic activities, including cultural ones, to ensure that cities remain both resilient and livable in the short and long terms."
莫雷诺今年早些时候在学术杂志《智慧城市》中写道：“疫情的来袭暴露了城市的脆弱性……我们需要彻底改变思维，并根据具体情况制定新措施确保城市居民可以继续进行日常活动，包括文化活动，从而确保城市在短期和长期内都能适应变化并适宜居住。”
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
The idea of a "15-minute city," in which residents can all reach work and leisure facilities within a quarter-hour walk -- or cycle -- of their homes, has gained significant traction among urban planners during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Now, a group of architects is planning an even more ambitious neighborhood in South Korea's capital, Seoul: a 10-minute city.
Dubbed "Project H1," the development is set to transform an old industrial site into an interconnected "smart" city. Combining eight residential buildings with co-working offices and study spaces, the 125-acre district is also set to house entertainment venues, fitness centers, swimming pools and even hydroponic urban farms.
The project comprises eight residential towers, as well as retail, commercial and leisure facilities. Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
Designed by Dutch architecture firm UNStudio and backed by Hyundai Development Company (a real estate firm owned by the conglomerate behind the car maker of the same name), the neighborhood will also be completely car-free. A press release for the project claimed that "all the conveniences of the city" will be within a 10-minute walk of people's homes.
In a statement, UNStudio co-founder Ben van Berkel said that residents' "daily life experience" is the project's "top priority."
"We do this through the inclusion of a rich density of uplifting, curated on-site experiences that provide an extensive range of options for how they can spend their living, working and leisure time, thereby also saving them the time needed to travel elsewhere in the city -- because with time that is saved, more time is created," he is quoted as saying.
A spokesperson for UNStudio confirmed that project has been green-lit but did not disclose when it is likely to break ground. For now, a series of CGI renderings hint at how the neighborhood will look, with public plazas, gardens, green roofs and "nature zones" connected by pedestrian walkways.
A digital rendering shows residents walking through the pedestrianized neighborhood. Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
The architects also said that clean energy will be generated on site, while systems to capture and store rain are being designed to reduce water use.
The "15-minute city" concept was first proposed by French-Colombian academic Carlos Moreno in 2016, and was more recently popularized by Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo, who proposed making the French capital a "ville du quart d'heure" -- a quarter-hour city -- during her recent reelection campaign.
Critics have suggested that the concept could cause gentrification by further concentrating wealth in the most accessible and convenient districts. The desirability of "15-minute" neighborhoods may, in turn, result in home prices that exclude low-income and marginalized communities.
An aerial view of the proposed neighborhood. Credit: Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon
But the Covid-19 pandemic has seen growing interest in the concept. With people around the world working from home and avoiding public transport, urban planners have begun pedestrianizing streets and reimagining how cities manage dense populations.
Writing in the academic journal
Smart Cities
earlier this year, Moreno said, "The emergence of this pandemic exposed the vulnerability of cities ... and the need for a radical re-thinking, where innovative measures need to be tailored to ensure that urban residents are able to cope and continue with their basic activities, including cultural ones, to ensure that cities remain both resilient and livable in the short and long terms." | 想象一下，走出家门不到10分钟就能到达工作场地、学校、健身中心和娱乐场所，这样的生活是多么便利！韩国首尔近日推出的一个社区项目即将把这个美妙设想变成现实。
“15分钟城市”，即居民都能从家步行或骑车15分钟内到达工作和休闲场所，这一概念在新冠疫情期间越来越受城市规划者的欢迎。
如今，一群建筑师正在韩国首都首尔规划一个更加雄心勃勃的社区项目——10分钟城市。
该规划被称为“H1项目”，旨在将一个老工业区改造成一个互相连通的“智慧”城市。通过将8栋住宅楼和联合办公区、教学空间结合在一起，这块方圆125英亩（50.6万平方米）的地上将建起娱乐场所、健身中心、游泳池甚至城市水培农场。
这个项目由荷兰建筑公司UNStudio设计、现代房地产开发公司出资建造，建成后将实现无车化。该项目发布新闻稿称，“城市的所有便利”将会在从家步行10分钟以内的范围享受到。
UNStudio建筑师事务所的联合创始人本·凡·贝克尔在一份声明中称，居民的“日常生活体验”是项目“最重视的事”。
他在声明中说道：“我们在项目中密集植入精心策划的各种活力现场体验，从而为居民提供了生活、工作和休闲的多样化选择，由此节省了他们去市内其他地方所需的出行时间，这样一来时间就变多了。”
UNStudio的一名发言人证实该项目已获批准，但是没有透露何时动工。目前只能看到电脑生成的效果图，图上显示这个社区有广场、花园、绿色屋顶以及和多条人行道相连的“自然区”。
这家建筑公司还透露，社区内将会就地生产清洁能源，还会建立收集和储存雨水的节水系统。
“15分钟城市”概念是法裔哥伦比亚籍学者卡洛斯·莫雷诺于2016年首次提出的，近期在巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈的连任竞选活动中得到推广。伊达尔戈提议把法国首都改造成一个15分钟城市。
批评人士指出，这一概念可能会让财富进一步往最便利地区集中，从而导致住宅高档化。“15分钟”社区的高需求量最后可能会抬高房价，从而把低收入者和边缘化社区排除在外。
但是新冠疫情的暴发催热了这一概念。由于世界各地的人们在家办公、远离公交，城市规划者开始将街道改造成步行区，并重新设想城市管理高密度人口的方式。
莫雷诺今年早些时候在学术杂志《智慧城市》中写道：“疫情的来袭暴露了城市的脆弱性……我们需要彻底改变思维，并根据具体情况制定新措施确保城市居民可以继续进行日常活动，包括文化活动，从而确保城市在短期和长期内都能适应变化并适宜居住。”
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
“NFT”当选《柯林斯词典》2021年度词汇。NFT是non-fungible token的缩写，中文翻译为“非同质化代币”，是记录数字资产所有权的唯一数字标识符。柯林斯表示，NFT在2021年的使用率增长了110000%。
[Photo provided to China Daily]
“NFT” is 2021’s "Word of the Year," Collins Dictionary announced Wednesday.
11月24日，《柯林斯词典》宣布“NFT（非同质化代币）”成为2021年“年度词汇”。
NFT is an abbreviation for non-fungible token, which according to the dictionary is “a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.”
NFT是non-fungible token的缩写，据《柯林斯词典》解释，这个词指的是“在区块链中注册的唯一数字证书，用于记录艺术品或收藏品等资产的所有权。”
Perhaps the most well-known example of an NFT is "Everydays: The First 5000 Days,” a collection of digital art made by graphic designer Mike Winkelmann, better known as Beeple. In March, an NFT for the piece sold for $69.3 million.
NFT最著名的交易案例是“Everydays: the First 5000 Days”，这是由平面设计师迈克·温克尔曼（Beeple是他被大众更熟知的名字）创作的数字艺术藏品。该作品今年3月售出，NFT售价为6930万美元（约合人民币4.4亿元）。
Because of the blockchain technology, Beeple will continue to earn money each time his art changes hands. He gets 10 percent of the price after every sale.
由于区块链技术，Beeple将在作品每次转手时继续获利。每次出售后，他将获得售价10%的金额作为收益。
Another American artist, Anne Spalter, sells some work as NFTs. At first, she did not think NFTs were a good idea, but then changed her mind. She said the technology has made people who might never go to an art gallery in person interested in art. She did, however, say she remained “mystified” by how high the prices have gone for some pieces.
另一位美国艺术家安妮·斯帕尔特将一些作品作为NFT出售。起初，她并不看好NFT，但后来她改变了主意。她说，这项技术让那些可能永远不会亲自去画廊的人对艺术感兴趣。然而，斯帕尔特表示，她仍然对一些作品的“天价”感到“困惑”。
Twitter founder Jack Dorsey sold an NFT for his first tweet for $2.9 million.
推特创始人杰克·多尔西以290万美元（约合人民币1852万元）的价格出售了他第一条推特的NFT。
“Whether the NFT will have a lasting influence is yet to be determined, but its sudden presence in conversations around the world makes it very clearly our Word of the Year,” the dictionary said.
《柯林斯词典》称：“NFT是否会产生持久的影响尚不确定，但它突然开始在世界各地引发讨论，使其成为我们今年的热门词汇。”
In 2020, the word of the year was “lockdown,” but pandemic-related words like “double vaxxed” and “hybrid working” were still among the finalists for this year. “Crypto,” short for cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, and “cheugy,” meaning clunky or outdated, were among this year’s finalists.
该词典的2020年度词汇是“lockdown（封锁）”，但与疫情相关的词汇今年仍有入围，如“double vaxxed（接种两剂疫苗）”和“hybrid working（混合办公）”。“Crypto”是比特币等加密货币的缩写，“cheugy”，意思是笨重或过时，这两个词也是今年的入围词汇。
来源：VOA News
编辑：董静 | [Photo provided to China Daily]
“NFT” is 2021’s "Word of the Year," Collins Dictionary announced Wednesday.
NFT is an abbreviation for non-fungible token, which according to the dictionary is “a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.”
Perhaps the most well-known example of an NFT is "Everydays: The First 5000 Days,” a collection of digital art made by graphic designer Mike Winkelmann, better known as Beeple. In March, an NFT for the piece sold for $69.3 million.
Because of the blockchain technology, Beeple will continue to earn money each time his art changes hands. He gets 10 percent of the price after every sale.
Another American artist, Anne Spalter, sells some work as NFTs. At first, she did not think NFTs were a good idea, but then changed her mind. She said the technology has made people who might never go to an art gallery in person interested in art. She did, however, say she remained “mystified” by how high the prices have gone for some pieces.
Twitter founder Jack Dorsey sold an NFT for his first tweet for $2.9 million.
“Whether the NFT will have a lasting influence is yet to be determined, but its sudden presence in conversations around the world makes it very clearly our Word of the Year,” the dictionary said.
In 2020, the word of the year was “lockdown,” but pandemic-related words like “double vaxxed” and “hybrid working” were still among the finalists for this year. “Crypto,” short for cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, and “cheugy,” meaning clunky or outdated, were among this year’s finalists. | “NFT”当选《柯林斯词典》2021年度词汇。NFT是non-fungible token的缩写，中文翻译为“非同质化代币”，是记录数字资产所有权的唯一数字标识符。柯林斯表示，NFT在2021年的使用率增长了110000%。
11月24日，《柯林斯词典》宣布“NFT（非同质化代币）”成为2021年“年度词汇”。
NFT是non-fungible token的缩写，据《柯林斯词典》解释，这个词指的是“在区块链中注册的唯一数字证书，用于记录艺术品或收藏品等资产的所有权。”
NFT最著名的交易案例是“Everydays: the First 5000 Days”，这是由平面设计师迈克·温克尔曼（Beeple是他被大众更熟知的名字）创作的数字艺术藏品。该作品今年3月售出，NFT售价为6930万美元（约合人民币4.4亿元）。
由于区块链技术，Beeple将在作品每次转手时继续获利。每次出售后，他将获得售价10%的金额作为收益。
另一位美国艺术家安妮·斯帕尔特将一些作品作为NFT出售。起初，她并不看好NFT，但后来她改变了主意。她说，这项技术让那些可能永远不会亲自去画廊的人对艺术感兴趣。然而，斯帕尔特表示，她仍然对一些作品的“天价”感到“困惑”。
推特创始人杰克·多尔西以290万美元（约合人民币1852万元）的价格出售了他第一条推特的NFT。
《柯林斯词典》称：“NFT是否会产生持久的影响尚不确定，但它突然开始在世界各地引发讨论，使其成为我们今年的热门词汇。”
该词典的2020年度词汇是“lockdown（封锁）”，但与疫情相关的词汇今年仍有入围，如“double vaxxed（接种两剂疫苗）”和“hybrid working（混合办公）”。“Crypto”是比特币等加密货币的缩写，“cheugy”，意思是笨重或过时，这两个词也是今年的入围词汇。
来源：VOA News
编辑：董静 |
一提到感恩节，大家就想起金黄的烤火鸡、香甜的南瓜派，还有全家人围坐在一起吃大餐，空气中弥漫的都是幸福的味道。在这个时候，看一部经典的感恩节电影最合适不过了。
Credit:CBS Television
A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving
(1973)
《查理·布朗的感恩节》
A true classic, this Peanuts cartoon gives many viewers a sense of nostalgia. Return to the iconic moment when Lucy pulls the football away from Charlie Brown right as he’s about to kick it. Life is hard, but in this animated film, sweetness prevails when the Peanuts gang prepares a Thanksgiving feast complete with jelly beans.
这部改编自《花生漫画》的电影是一部真正的经典之作，触发了很多观众的怀旧情绪。再来回顾一下露西在查理·布朗就要踢足球时突然抢走足球的标志性瞬间吧。生活很艰难，但是在这部动画电影中，当花生漫画人物一起准备有软心糖豆的感恩节大餐时，你感受到的都是甜美的味道。
Credit:Universal Pictures
Scent of a Woman
(1992)
《闻香识女人》
The movie focuses on the relationship between Frank (Al Pacino), a blind, retired lieutenant in the US army who is difficult to get along with, and Charlie (Chris O'Donnell), a prep school student who takes the job as Frank's assistant for Thanksgiving.
这部电影聚焦于双目失明、很难相处的美军退役中尉弗兰克（阿尔·帕西诺饰演）和在感恩节期间担任弗兰克助理的预科学校学生查理（克里斯·奥唐纳饰演）之间的关系。
Credit:Paramount Pictures
Planes, Trains and Automobiles
(1987)
《落难见真情》
This John Hughes comedy starring Steve Martin and John Candy is already a Thanksgiving classic for many. Neal (Martin) ends up rerouted because of a snowstorm. As he struggles to find a way home for Thanksgiving, he gets stuck with overwhelmingly positive Del (Candy).
由约翰·休斯导演、史蒂夫·马丁和约翰·坎迪主演的这部喜剧片是很多人心目中的感恩节经典电影。暴风雪的来袭让尼尔（马丁饰演）乘坐的飞机更改了航线。尼尔努力想办法回家过感恩节，但却总是和无比乐观的德尔（坎迪饰演）一起陷入囧途。
Credit:Universal Pictures
One True Thing
(1998)
《亲情无价》
Meryl Streep was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance in this movie as a wife and mom who struggles with cancer. Renée Zellweger plays the grown daughter who has to come home to help with the holidays. The two try to hold the family together, especially during a tense Thanksgiving meal when guests get all the attention.
梅丽尔·斯特里普在此片中饰演一名身患癌症的妻子和母亲，她还凭借该角色获得奥斯卡奖提名。蕾妮·齐薇格饰演不得不回家帮忙准备过节的成年女儿。两个人试图让家人团结在一起，尤其是在客人至上、气氛紧张的感恩节大餐中。
Credit:United Artists
The Gold Rush
(1925)
《淘金记》
Charlie Chaplin as the Little Tramp eats his shoe for Thanksgiving dinner while trapped in a blizzard in this endearing silent film classic from 1925. Watch this one if you’re in the mood to see a leather shoe prepped and eaten as if it were a succulent turkey. Makes you grateful for what you have!
在这部备受喜爱的1925年经典默片中，查理·卓别林饰演的流浪汉被困在暴风雪中，把自己的鞋当成感恩节大餐吃掉。如果你想目睹一双皮鞋是如何像一只味美多汁的火鸡一样被一段段切开吃掉的，那就看这部电影吧。这会让你对自己所拥有的心存感恩。
Credit:ReelFX
Free Birds
(2013)
《火鸡总动员》
In this family-friendly animated romp, two turkeys steal a time machine and head back to the first Thanksgiving to try to keep turkeys off the menu. An all-star cast featuring Owen Wilson, Amy Poehler, and George Takei provides the voices.
在这部喧闹的合家欢电影中，两只火鸡偷走了一台时光机并回到了第一个感恩节，试图让火鸡从感恩节菜单上消失。这部影片拥有全明星配音阵容，包括欧文·威尔逊、艾米·波勒、武井乔治等。
英文来源：雅虎新闻、读者文摘
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Credit:CBS Television
A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving
(1973)
A true classic, this Peanuts cartoon gives many viewers a sense of nostalgia. Return to the iconic moment when Lucy pulls the football away from Charlie Brown right as he’s about to kick it. Life is hard, but in this animated film, sweetness prevails when the Peanuts gang prepares a Thanksgiving feast complete with jelly beans.
Credit:Universal Pictures
Scent of a Woman
(1992)
The movie focuses on the relationship between Frank (Al Pacino), a blind, retired lieutenant in the US army who is difficult to get along with, and Charlie (Chris O'Donnell), a prep school student who takes the job as Frank's assistant for Thanksgiving.
Credit:Paramount Pictures
Planes, Trains and Automobiles
(1987)
This John Hughes comedy starring Steve Martin and John Candy is already a Thanksgiving classic for many. Neal (Martin) ends up rerouted because of a snowstorm. As he struggles to find a way home for Thanksgiving, he gets stuck with overwhelmingly positive Del (Candy).
Credit:Universal Pictures
One True Thing
(1998)
Credit:United Artists
The Gold Rush
(1925)
Charlie Chaplin as the Little Tramp eats his shoe for Thanksgiving dinner while trapped in a blizzard in this endearing silent film classic from 1925. Watch this one if you’re in the mood to see a leather shoe prepped and eaten as if it were a succulent turkey. Makes you grateful for what you have!
Credit:ReelFX
Free Birds
(2013)
In this family-friendly animated romp, two turkeys steal a time machine and head back to the first Thanksgiving to try to keep turkeys off the menu. An all-star cast featuring Owen Wilson, Amy Poehler, and George Takei provides the voices. | 一提到感恩节，大家就想起金黄的烤火鸡、香甜的南瓜派，还有全家人围坐在一起吃大餐，空气中弥漫的都是幸福的味道。在这个时候，看一部经典的感恩节电影最合适不过了。
《查理·布朗的感恩节》
这部改编自《花生漫画》的电影是一部真正的经典之作，触发了很多观众的怀旧情绪。再来回顾一下露西在查理·布朗就要踢足球时突然抢走足球的标志性瞬间吧。生活很艰难，但是在这部动画电影中，当花生漫画人物一起准备有软心糖豆的感恩节大餐时，你感受到的都是甜美的味道。
《闻香识女人》
这部电影聚焦于双目失明、很难相处的美军退役中尉弗兰克（阿尔·帕西诺饰演）和在感恩节期间担任弗兰克助理的预科学校学生查理（克里斯·奥唐纳饰演）之间的关系。
《落难见真情》
由约翰·休斯导演、史蒂夫·马丁和约翰·坎迪主演的这部喜剧片是很多人心目中的感恩节经典电影。暴风雪的来袭让尼尔（马丁饰演）乘坐的飞机更改了航线。尼尔努力想办法回家过感恩节，但却总是和无比乐观的德尔（坎迪饰演）一起陷入囧途。
《亲情无价》
Meryl Streep was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance in this movie as a wife and mom who struggles with cancer. Renée Zellweger plays the grown daughter who has to come home to help with the holidays. The two try to hold the family together, especially during a tense Thanksgiving meal when guests get all the attention.
梅丽尔·斯特里普在此片中饰演一名身患癌症的妻子和母亲，她还凭借该角色获得奥斯卡奖提名。蕾妮·齐薇格饰演不得不回家帮忙准备过节的成年女儿。两个人试图让家人团结在一起，尤其是在客人至上、气氛紧张的感恩节大餐中。
《淘金记》
在这部备受喜爱的1925年经典默片中，查理·卓别林饰演的流浪汉被困在暴风雪中，把自己的鞋当成感恩节大餐吃掉。如果你想目睹一双皮鞋是如何像一只味美多汁的火鸡一样被一段段切开吃掉的，那就看这部电影吧。这会让你对自己所拥有的心存感恩。
《火鸡总动员》
在这部喧闹的合家欢电影中，两只火鸡偷走了一台时光机并回到了第一个感恩节，试图让火鸡从感恩节菜单上消失。这部影片拥有全明星配音阵容，包括欧文·威尔逊、艾米·波勒、武井乔治等。
英文来源：雅虎新闻、读者文摘
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
11月22日公布的《2021美国门户开放报告》显示 2020至2021学年，美国大学新增国际学生数量比上一学年骤降46%，国际学生人数减少15%，中国大陆学生人数下降14.8%，但中国大陆仍然是美国国际学生的最大生源地。
The global pandemic primarily affected international students studying at a US university for the first time. [Photo/IC]
All places of origin and regions saw declines in the number of students enrolled at US higher education institutions and online from abroad due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to The Open Doors 2021 Report on International Educational Exchange, released Monday.
11月22日公布的《2021美国门户开放报告》显示，受新冠疫情影响，全球各地区赴美就读和在国外上网课的美国高校留学生人数均有下降。
The global pandemic primarily affected international students studying at a US university for the first time, or new international students. That segment declined by 46 percent, according to the report, launched by the US Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs and the Institute of International Education.
疫情主要影响美国大学新增国际学生数量。根据美国国务院教育与文化事务局和美国国际教育协会发布的报告，这类学生数量下降了46%。
China remained the top place of origin of all international students, contributing slightly more than one-third of the total 914,095 foreign students in the 2020-21 academic year. That overall number represented a decrease of 15 percent from the previous academic year, according to the annual report.
中国的赴美留学生仍然是最多的，在2020-21学年的914095名外国留学生中，中国留学生的比例略高于三分之一。根据这份年度报告，赴美留学总人数比上一学年减少了15%。
The second-largest place of origin is India, which had 18.3 percent of all international students in the US. Both Chinese and Indian groups declined this year by 14.8 percent and 13.2 percent, respectively.
美国的留学生第二大来源地是印度，占美国留学生总数的18.3%。今年，来自中国和印度的留学生人数分别下降了14.8%和13.2%。
As in previous years, slightly more than half of international students pursued a major in a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) field, and in all, foreign students represented 4.6 percent of all students in US higher education, the lowest mix since the 2014-15 academic year.
与前几年一样，略超过半数的留学生选择了科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域的专业，外国学生占美国高校学生总数的4.6%，为2014-15学年以来的最低比例。
While the COVID-19 pandemic was a primary factor affecting enrollment, the strained relationship between the US and China, the largest source of international students for the US, has made itself felt for some Chinese students who sought to enter the US recently.
虽然新冠疫情是影响留学生入学的主要因素，但作为美国最大的留学生来源地，中美之间的紧张关系让一些最近打算赴美留学的中国学生感到不安。
There have been "frequent incidents of unwarranted harassment and suppression" targeting Chinese students and visiting fellows to the US, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said on Nov 3.
中国外交部发言人汪文斌11月3日表示，针对中国赴美留学、访学人员的“无理滋扰打压事件频繁发生”。
Just the other day, a Chinese visiting scholar holding a valid visa issued by the US government was repatriated after being interrogated without cause upon entry, and about 30 Chinese students and visiting scholars have been subjected to the same "unjust" treatment by the US since August, Wang said at a daily news briefing.
汪文斌在例行记者会上表示，就在近日，一名持美政府签发的合法签证的中国访问学者又在入境时遭美方无理盘查后被遣返。今年8月以来有近30名中国赴美留学、访学人员遭受此类不公正待遇。
Wang noted that the US had "stretched" the concept of national security to "wantonly harass" Chinese students and scholars in an attempt to produce a "chilling effect" among Chinese personnel pursuing studies in the US.
汪文斌指出，美国大肆泛化国家安全概念，无理滋扰中国学生学者，试图在中国赴美留学人员当中制造寒蝉效应。
Asked to comment on how the tightened rules the Trump administration put in place on Chinese student visas were related to the "noticeable dip" in the number of Chinese students, Ethan Rosenzweig, deputy assistant secretary of state for academic programs, said "we can welcome students and protect our national security at the same time".
当被问及特朗普政府收紧中国学生签证的规定与中国学生人数“明显下降”有何关系时，负责学术项目的美国副助理国务卿伊桑·罗森茨威格表示，“美国会在欢迎学生的同时，保护美国国家安全”。
"I'll stress that we've tripled the number of Chinese students here in the US over the last decade. And in the Biden administration with our joint statement, you can see that we are amplifying, that we welcome students to the United States here for their educational purposes," he said at a briefing on the release of the Open Doors report.
他在《美国门户开放报告》新闻发布会上表示：“我要强调的是，在过去十年中，中国赴美留学人数增加了两倍。在拜登政府和教育部的联合声明中，你可以看到我们正在扩大留学生人数，我们欢迎学生们到美国来接受教育。”
The joint statement of principles in support of international education, co-signed by both the US state and education departments, said that international students are central to diplomacy, innovation, economic prosperity and national security, according to Rosenzweig.
罗森茨威格表示，美国国务院和教育部共同签署的支持国际教育的联合声明表明，国际学生对外交、创新、经济繁荣和国家安全至关重要。
International students contributed $39 billion to the US economy in 2020, of which $14.3 billion, or 36 percent, came from Chinese students, according to the US Department of Commerce.
根据美国商务部的数据，2020年，国际学生为美国经济贡献了390亿美元（约合人民币2491亿元），其中143亿美元（约合人民币914亿元）（36%）来自中国学生。
"So whether students from Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, they're welcome here along with everyone else in the Chinese community that wants to study here," Rosenzweig told
China Daily
.
罗森茨威格在接受《中国日报》采访时称：“因此，无论是来自广州、北京、上海、青岛的学生，我们都表示欢迎，就像我们欢迎其他所有希望在美国学习的华人群体一样。”
The US embassy and consulates in China had issued more than 85,000 student visas to applicants in the fiscal year 2021, an American official on consular affairs said at the online press briefing.
一位负责领事事务的美国官员在线上新闻发布会上表示，美国驻华大使馆和领事馆在2021财年发放了85000多份学生签证。
China remains a top country for US colleges and universities to prioritize for outreach and recruitment, noted Mirka Martel, Head of Research, Evaluation and Learning with the Institute of International Education.
美国国际教育协会研究、评估和学习负责人米尔卡·马特尔指出，中国仍然是美国高校优先考虑推广和招生的国家。
Slightly half of the surveyed 860 US higher education institutions, or 51 percent, are giving priority to target prospective international students in China, leveraging current international students, online recruitment events, and social media outreach, according to the survey.
调查显示，在接受调查的860所美国高等教育机构中，约有一半（51%）高校在利用现有国际学生、线上招生活动和社交媒体推广进行招生宣传时，优先考虑中国的潜在国际学生。
来源：China Daily
编辑：董静 | The global pandemic primarily affected international students studying at a US university for the first time. [Photo/IC]
All places of origin and regions saw declines in the number of students enrolled at US higher education institutions and online from abroad due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to The Open Doors 2021 Report on International Educational Exchange, released Monday.
The global pandemic primarily affected international students studying at a US university for the first time, or new international students. That segment declined by 46 percent, according to the report, launched by the US Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs and the Institute of International Education.
China remained the top place of origin of all international students, contributing slightly more than one-third of the total 914,095 foreign students in the 2020-21 academic year. That overall number represented a decrease of 15 percent from the previous academic year, according to the annual report.
The second-largest place of origin is India, which had 18.3 percent of all international students in the US. Both Chinese and Indian groups declined this year by 14.8 percent and 13.2 percent, respectively.
As in previous years, slightly more than half of international students pursued a major in a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) field, and in all, foreign students represented 4.6 percent of all students in US higher education, the lowest mix since the 2014-15 academic year.
While the COVID-19 pandemic was a primary factor affecting enrollment, the strained relationship between the US and China, the largest source of international students for the US, has made itself felt for some Chinese students who sought to enter the US recently.
There have been "frequent incidents of unwarranted harassment and suppression" targeting Chinese students and visiting fellows to the US, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said on Nov 3.
Just the other day, a Chinese visiting scholar holding a valid visa issued by the US government was repatriated after being interrogated without cause upon entry, and about 30 Chinese students and visiting scholars have been subjected to the same "unjust" treatment by the US since August, Wang said at a daily news briefing.
Wang noted that the US had "stretched" the concept of national security to "wantonly harass" Chinese students and scholars in an attempt to produce a "chilling effect" among Chinese personnel pursuing studies in the US.
Asked to comment on how the tightened rules the Trump administration put in place on Chinese student visas were related to the "noticeable dip" in the number of Chinese students, Ethan Rosenzweig, deputy assistant secretary of state for academic programs, said "we can welcome students and protect our national security at the same time".
"I'll stress that we've tripled the number of Chinese students here in the US over the last decade. And in the Biden administration with our joint statement, you can see that we are amplifying, that we welcome students to the United States here for their educational purposes," he said at a briefing on the release of the Open Doors report.
The joint statement of principles in support of international education, co-signed by both the US state and education departments, said that international students are central to diplomacy, innovation, economic prosperity and national security, according to Rosenzweig.
International students contributed $39 billion to the US economy in 2020, of which $14.3 billion, or 36 percent, came from Chinese students, according to the US Department of Commerce.
"So whether students from Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, they're welcome here along with everyone else in the Chinese community that wants to study here," Rosenzweig told
China Daily
.
The US embassy and consulates in China had issued more than 85,000 student visas to applicants in the fiscal year 2021, an American official on consular affairs said at the online press briefing.
China remains a top country for US colleges and universities to prioritize for outreach and recruitment, noted Mirka Martel, Head of Research, Evaluation and Learning with the Institute of International Education.
Slightly half of the surveyed 860 US higher education institutions, or 51 percent, are giving priority to target prospective international students in China, leveraging current international students, online recruitment events, and social media outreach, according to the survey. | 11月22日公布的《2021美国门户开放报告》显示 2020至2021学年，美国大学新增国际学生数量比上一学年骤降46%，国际学生人数减少15%，中国大陆学生人数下降14.8%，但中国大陆仍然是美国国际学生的最大生源地。
11月22日公布的《2021美国门户开放报告》显示，受新冠疫情影响，全球各地区赴美就读和在国外上网课的美国高校留学生人数均有下降。
疫情主要影响美国大学新增国际学生数量。根据美国国务院教育与文化事务局和美国国际教育协会发布的报告，这类学生数量下降了46%。
中国的赴美留学生仍然是最多的，在2020-21学年的914095名外国留学生中，中国留学生的比例略高于三分之一。根据这份年度报告，赴美留学总人数比上一学年减少了15%。
美国的留学生第二大来源地是印度，占美国留学生总数的18.3%。今年，来自中国和印度的留学生人数分别下降了14.8%和13.2%。
与前几年一样，略超过半数的留学生选择了科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域的专业，外国学生占美国高校学生总数的4.6%，为2014-15学年以来的最低比例。
虽然新冠疫情是影响留学生入学的主要因素，但作为美国最大的留学生来源地，中美之间的紧张关系让一些最近打算赴美留学的中国学生感到不安。
中国外交部发言人汪文斌11月3日表示，针对中国赴美留学、访学人员的“无理滋扰打压事件频繁发生”。
汪文斌在例行记者会上表示，就在近日，一名持美政府签发的合法签证的中国访问学者又在入境时遭美方无理盘查后被遣返。今年8月以来有近30名中国赴美留学、访学人员遭受此类不公正待遇。
汪文斌指出，美国大肆泛化国家安全概念，无理滋扰中国学生学者，试图在中国赴美留学人员当中制造寒蝉效应。
当被问及特朗普政府收紧中国学生签证的规定与中国学生人数“明显下降”有何关系时，负责学术项目的美国副助理国务卿伊桑·罗森茨威格表示，“美国会在欢迎学生的同时，保护美国国家安全”。
他在《美国门户开放报告》新闻发布会上表示：“我要强调的是，在过去十年中，中国赴美留学人数增加了两倍。在拜登政府和教育部的联合声明中，你可以看到我们正在扩大留学生人数，我们欢迎学生们到美国来接受教育。”
罗森茨威格表示，美国国务院和教育部共同签署的支持国际教育的联合声明表明，国际学生对外交、创新、经济繁荣和国家安全至关重要。
根据美国商务部的数据，2020年，国际学生为美国经济贡献了390亿美元（约合人民币2491亿元），其中143亿美元（约合人民币914亿元）（36%）来自中国学生。
罗森茨威格在接受《中国日报》采访时称：“因此，无论是来自广州、北京、上海、青岛的学生，我们都表示欢迎，就像我们欢迎其他所有希望在美国学习的华人群体一样。”
一位负责领事事务的美国官员在线上新闻发布会上表示，美国驻华大使馆和领事馆在2021财年发放了85000多份学生签证。
美国国际教育协会研究、评估和学习负责人米尔卡·马特尔指出，中国仍然是美国高校优先考虑推广和招生的国家。
调查显示，在接受调查的860所美国高等教育机构中，约有一半（51%）高校在利用现有国际学生、线上招生活动和社交媒体推广进行招生宣传时，优先考虑中国的潜在国际学生。
来源：China Daily
编辑：董静 |
干家务很累人，但是研究发现，干家务并不是全无好处。新加坡的一个研究团队指出，常做家务的人，到了老年以后认知功能和记忆力更强，跌倒风险也更低。
[Photo/Pexels]
Household chores might seem a drag, but researchers have suggested tasks like dusting, scrubbing floors and washing the windows might help adults to stay healthy into old age.
家务活也许看似累赘，但是研究人员指出，打扫灰尘、拖地、擦窗等家务活可能有助于人们到老年以后保持身体健康。
Writing in the journal
BMJ Open
, a Singapore-based team of researchers said regular physical activity “improves physical and mental health, mitigates the risks and effects of chronic diseases, and reduces falls, immobility, dependency and mortality among older adults”.
研究报告指出，常做体力活动可以“改善身心健康，减轻慢性病的风险和影响，降低老年人跌倒、卧床不起、失去独立生活能力和死亡的几率”。该研究结果由一个新加坡研究团队发表在《英国医学杂志》上。
The team randomly recruited adults from the town of Yishun in Singapore, and asked them to complete cognitive function tests as well as activities to assess their physical capabilities, such as standing up from a chair as quickly as they could.
该团队从新加坡义顺镇随机招募了一组成年人，请他们完成认知功能测试，并通过体力活动来评估他们的体能，比如用最快的速度从椅子上站起来。
Participants were also quizzed on their levels of physical activity, including the amount of light housework (such as dusting) and heavy housework (such as floor-scrubbing) they did, and were assessed for their risk of having a fall based on measures such as knee extension strength.
研究人员还通过问卷调查了参与者的体力活动水平，包括他们做多少轻度家务（比如打扫灰尘）和重度家务（比如拖地），并基于膝关节伸展力等衡量标准对他们跌倒的风险进行了评估。
The study involved 249 participants aged 21-64 and 240 participants aged 65-90. Most of those who reported doing high levels of heavy or light housework were women.
该研究涵盖了249名21至64岁的参与者和240名65至90岁的参与者。大多数报告称自己做了大量重度或轻度家务的参与者为女性。
After taking into account factors including age and sex, the team found cognitive scores and attention scores were 8% and 14% higher respectively for older adults doing high amounts of heavy housework – on average 131 minutes a week – compared with low levels, which appeared to amount to none at all.
在考虑了年龄、性别等因素后，研究团队发现，做大量重度家务（每周平均131分钟）的老年人认知功能和注意力得分比很少做家务的老年人分别高出8%和14%。
Sit-to-stand times were lower for older adults reporting high amounts of heavy housework compared with low amounts, while they were also assessed as being at lower risk of having a fall.
相比很少做家务的老年人，做大量重度家务的老年人报告的从椅子上站起来的时间更短，与此同时评估显示他们跌倒的风险也更低。
The team also found cognitive scores were 5% higher for older adults who reported high levels of light housework – on average doing 902 minutes a week – and memory scores were also higher, compared with those undertaking low levels of such tasks, averaging 89 minutes a week.
研究团队还发现，报告称做大量轻度家务（每周平均902分钟）的老年人认知功能得分比做少量轻度家务（每周平均89分钟）的老年人高出5%，记忆力得分也更高。
Dr Shiou-Liang Wee, the co-author of the research, from the Singapore Institute of Technology and Geriatric Education and Research Institute said health messaging on staying active should not just be about recreational physical activities.
该研究的合著者、新加坡科技学院和老年医学教育与研究学院的韦修良（音译）博士表示，关于保持活跃的保健宣传不应该只专注于休闲运动。
"Housework is a purposeful activity performed by many older adults. Independent of recreation, [commuting] and other work-related physical activity, heavy housework is linked to sharper memory and better falls protection in older adults,” he said.
他说：“家务活是很多老年人从事的有明确目标的活动。重家务活独立于娱乐、通勤和其他工作相关的体力活动之外，可以增强老年人的记忆力，减少老年人跌倒的风险。”
Gill Livingston, professor of psychiatry of older people at University College London, who was not involved in the work, said the study was interesting but had little meaning as people who are not so well may be expected to do less housework.
没有参与该研究的伦敦大学学院老年人精神病学系教授吉尔·利文斯顿表示，这一研究很有趣，但没什么意义，因为身体不太好的人做的家务活也少。
"I think the advice would be that housework can be good exercise, which is good for your heart and brain. We cannot draw any conclusions from this study that it is specifically protective,” she said.
她说：“我认为这一研究给出的建议应该是，干家务是不错的锻炼方式，对心脏和大脑都有益。但是我们无法从这项研究得出结论，认为干家务能起到特别的保护作用。”
Charlie Foster, professor of physical activity and public health at the University of Bristol, also urged caution, noting the study relied on self-reported levels of household chores, which may be inaccurate, and did not fully take into account other factors which may influence the results.
布里斯托大学身体活动与公共健康系教授查理·福斯特也劝大家保持谨慎，并指出该研究的家务活数据是参与者自己报告的，可能并不准确，而且该研究也没有充分考虑其他可能影响结果的因素。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Household chores might seem a drag, but researchers have suggested tasks like dusting, scrubbing floors and washing the windows might help adults to stay healthy into old age.
Writing in the journal
BMJ Open
, a Singapore-based team of researchers said regular physical activity “improves physical and mental health, mitigates the risks and effects of chronic diseases, and reduces falls, immobility, dependency and mortality among older adults”.
The team randomly recruited adults from the town of Yishun in Singapore, and asked them to complete cognitive function tests as well as activities to assess their physical capabilities, such as standing up from a chair as quickly as they could.
Participants were also quizzed on their levels of physical activity, including the amount of light housework (such as dusting) and heavy housework (such as floor-scrubbing) they did, and were assessed for their risk of having a fall based on measures such as knee extension strength.
The study involved 249 participants aged 21-64 and 240 participants aged 65-90. Most of those who reported doing high levels of heavy or light housework were women.
After taking into account factors including age and sex, the team found cognitive scores and attention scores were 8% and 14% higher respectively for older adults doing high amounts of heavy housework – on average 131 minutes a week – compared with low levels, which appeared to amount to none at all.
Sit-to-stand times were lower for older adults reporting high amounts of heavy housework compared with low amounts, while they were also assessed as being at lower risk of having a fall.
The team also found cognitive scores were 5% higher for older adults who reported high levels of light housework – on average doing 902 minutes a week – and memory scores were also higher, compared with those undertaking low levels of such tasks, averaging 89 minutes a week.
Dr Shiou-Liang Wee, the co-author of the research, from the Singapore Institute of Technology and Geriatric Education and Research Institute said health messaging on staying active should not just be about recreational physical activities.
"Housework is a purposeful activity performed by many older adults. Independent of recreation, [commuting] and other work-related physical activity, heavy housework is linked to sharper memory and better falls protection in older adults,” he said.
Gill Livingston, professor of psychiatry of older people at University College London, who was not involved in the work, said the study was interesting but had little meaning as people who are not so well may be expected to do less housework.
"I think the advice would be that housework can be good exercise, which is good for your heart and brain. We cannot draw any conclusions from this study that it is specifically protective,” she said.
Charlie Foster, professor of physical activity and public health at the University of Bristol, also urged caution, noting the study relied on self-reported levels of household chores, which may be inaccurate, and did not fully take into account other factors which may influence the results. | 干家务很累人，但是研究发现，干家务并不是全无好处。新加坡的一个研究团队指出，常做家务的人，到了老年以后认知功能和记忆力更强，跌倒风险也更低。
家务活也许看似累赘，但是研究人员指出，打扫灰尘、拖地、擦窗等家务活可能有助于人们到老年以后保持身体健康。
研究报告指出，常做体力活动可以“改善身心健康，减轻慢性病的风险和影响，降低老年人跌倒、卧床不起、失去独立生活能力和死亡的几率”。该研究结果由一个新加坡研究团队发表在《英国医学杂志》上。
该团队从新加坡义顺镇随机招募了一组成年人，请他们完成认知功能测试，并通过体力活动来评估他们的体能，比如用最快的速度从椅子上站起来。
研究人员还通过问卷调查了参与者的体力活动水平，包括他们做多少轻度家务（比如打扫灰尘）和重度家务（比如拖地），并基于膝关节伸展力等衡量标准对他们跌倒的风险进行了评估。
该研究涵盖了249名21至64岁的参与者和240名65至90岁的参与者。大多数报告称自己做了大量重度或轻度家务的参与者为女性。
在考虑了年龄、性别等因素后，研究团队发现，做大量重度家务（每周平均131分钟）的老年人认知功能和注意力得分比很少做家务的老年人分别高出8%和14%。
相比很少做家务的老年人，做大量重度家务的老年人报告的从椅子上站起来的时间更短，与此同时评估显示他们跌倒的风险也更低。
研究团队还发现，报告称做大量轻度家务（每周平均902分钟）的老年人认知功能得分比做少量轻度家务（每周平均89分钟）的老年人高出5%，记忆力得分也更高。
该研究的合著者、新加坡科技学院和老年医学教育与研究学院的韦修良（音译）博士表示，关于保持活跃的保健宣传不应该只专注于休闲运动。
他说：“家务活是很多老年人从事的有明确目标的活动。重家务活独立于娱乐、通勤和其他工作相关的体力活动之外，可以增强老年人的记忆力，减少老年人跌倒的风险。”
没有参与该研究的伦敦大学学院老年人精神病学系教授吉尔·利文斯顿表示，这一研究很有趣，但没什么意义，因为身体不太好的人做的家务活也少。
她说：“我认为这一研究给出的建议应该是，干家务是不错的锻炼方式，对心脏和大脑都有益。但是我们无法从这项研究得出结论，认为干家务能起到特别的保护作用。”
布里斯托大学身体活动与公共健康系教授查理·福斯特也劝大家保持谨慎，并指出该研究的家务活数据是参与者自己报告的，可能并不准确，而且该研究也没有充分考虑其他可能影响结果的因素。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
北京冬奥会即将举办
美国媒体又在盛传
美国可能“抵制”冬奥会
不派代表团
S
ome US media outlets and politicians have called for a
“
diplomatic
boycott”
of
the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics,.
这就蠢到家了
有些美国政客
总把所有坏事都归罪给中国
That
is foolish.
But some US politicians blame China
for everything
;
我们管这种人叫
反华精神疾病患者
他们反华的套路
也不过那老三样
Inside their “
smear
China
”
toolbox there are always
the same
old things.
要么公然造谣
诋毁我们的新疆
They either fabricated rumors
about Xinjiang,
要么无视基本事实
诬蔑我们的香港
or distorted facts about Hong Kong,
再要么指使蔡英文捣乱
祸害我们的宝岛台湾
or
the encourage
Tsai Ing-wen
to provoke
the Chinese mainland.
美国以为自己有扑克牌
其实它们一张张都会消失掉
美国啥也打不起来
Some US politicians
want to
play
anti-China cards
all time, but these
cards are disappearing.
某些美国政客逢中必反
中国依然安如泰山
只有反华的美国政客丢脸
China is always able to refute their
rumors, and they are the ones to lose face.
美国最近疫情又泛滥
日均确诊超过八万
有空多关心关心自己的公民
别满世界胡搅蛮缠
Facing a new wave of the novel coronavirus, the daily infections in the US have risen to 80,000. These politicians should care more about their citizens, instead of trying to make trouble everywhere.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | S
ome US media outlets and politicians have called for a
“
diplomatic
boycott”
of
the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics,.
That
is foolish.
But some US politicians blame China
for everything
;
Inside their “
smear
China
”
toolbox there are always
the same
old things.
They either fabricated rumors
about Xinjiang,
or distorted facts about Hong Kong,
or
the encourage
Tsai Ing-wen
to provoke
the Chinese mainland.
Some US politicians
want to
play
anti-China cards
all time, but these
cards are disappearing.
China is always able to refute their
rumors, and they are the ones to lose face.
Facing a new wave of the novel coronavirus, the daily infections in the US have risen to 80,000. These politicians should care more about their citizens, instead of trying to make trouble everywhere. | 北京冬奥会即将举办
美国媒体又在盛传
美国可能“抵制”冬奥会
不派代表团
这就蠢到家了
有些美国政客
总把所有坏事都归罪给中国
我们管这种人叫
反华精神疾病患者
他们反华的套路
也不过那老三样
要么公然造谣
诋毁我们的新疆
要么无视基本事实
诬蔑我们的香港
再要么指使蔡英文捣乱
祸害我们的宝岛台湾
美国以为自己有扑克牌
其实它们一张张都会消失掉
美国啥也打不起来
某些美国政客逢中必反
中国依然安如泰山
只有反华的美国政客丢脸
美国最近疫情又泛滥
日均确诊超过八万
有空多关心关心自己的公民
别满世界胡搅蛮缠
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
近日，东方卫视装修真人秀节目《梦想改造家》在网络上引发了部分网友的争议和质疑。
Many social media users accusing an architect on the show of overriding the wishes of rural property owners with his artistic preferences.
许多网友在社交媒体上指责节目中的建筑师不顾农民房主的意愿，将自己的艺术偏好强加于人。
《梦想改造家》是由东方卫视打造的一档家装改造节目，每一期家庭分别代表、折射一部分人群。具体的家庭故事围绕主人公背景、居住烦恼和对梦想中家的憧憬展开。
最新引发疯狂吐槽的这期节目，委托人是一位地道的农民老杜，生活在甘肃省白银市水泉镇牙沟水村。他家里是一个大家族同住。根据节目中的展示，小院里一度有多达20口人一起生活。节目中设计师团队需要改造设计的是一个已经建成40年的、由土和砖构建成围合式小院。
节目中，老人先表达了自己对改造的要求和期待：靠近城市现代化、外观整体要洋气、类似二层小别墅的精致。
房主老杜
The architect, Tao Lei, was commissioned to renovate a rural family house in the northwestern Gansu province into a two-story Western-style villa for the popular TV show “Dream House.” However, he managed to convince the family members to adopt more local aesthetics in a minimalist design — the house combines wooden panels with cement and bricks, which are also partly used to create geometric patterns on the walls.
建筑师陶磊接到《梦想改造家》的委托将甘肃省西北部的一座农村家庭住宅改造成一栋两层的西式别墅。然而，他说服了这家人接受带有本土美学的极简主义设计——改造的房屋将木板与水泥和砖块结合在一起，还用它们在墙上勾勒出几何图案。
“I believe concrete and red brick are the best architectural forms,” Tao said in the program.
陶磊在节目中表示：“我认为混凝土和红砖是最好的建筑形式。”
不过，陶磊的设计没能像以往节目让人倍感惊艳不说，反倒引发无数疯狂吐槽，其中最大的质疑就是“花了农民132万元建的却是红砖毛坯房”。
经过改造的农家小院，建筑部分几乎全都被改成了红砖为外墙，并且没有再加任何涂饰。
通过节目镜头，观众还发现，像主卧这样的房间顶上直接保留了混凝土的清水模样，周围用来隔开房间的也只是木板。洗手间的盥洗台同样也是使用的混凝土的毛坯样子，甚至有眼尖的网友发现“边角都没有打磨一下”。
改造后的卫生间
不仅如此，室内采光也被网友吐槽，厨房暗，走廊更暗。
改造后的房间走廊
而老人想要的二层小楼由于前期费用花超了，只有主屋部分有二层。从一楼到二楼的楼梯，不仅陡度大，台阶高，还很窄，不利于老人爬楼。
Although the family didn’t express their dislike of the final outcome, audiences, however, picked apart the design, as well as the 1.32 million yuan ($206,800) price tag for the construction. Many of them took to microblogging platform Weibo to accuse the architect of manipulating the family to pay for his artistic but impractical ideas, with some comparing a neighboring Western-style villa to be of superior design.
尽管这家人没有表达他们对最终结果的不满，但观众们还是无法把这栋建筑和132万元的改造成本联系在一起。许多观众在微博上指责这位建筑师强迫房主一家为他艺术但不切实际的想法买单，一些人将附近一栋西式别墅与之相比，认为其设计更为优越。
“It looks like an art museum instead of a residential building,” one user said, adding that the geometric shapes on the exterior walls would not be suitable for the freezing winter temperatures in the northwest region.
一位网友称：“它看起来像一座艺术博物馆，而不是一栋住宅楼。”外墙的几何形状不适合西北地区寒冷的冬天。
Responding to the criticism, producers of the program aired on Shanghai-based Dragon TV said Sunday that the project hadn’t been completed yet, and they would cover half of the construction costs along with the family.
11月22日，针对网友的抨击，《梦想改造家》节目组回应称，该项目尚未完工，节目组将与房主家人各分担一半改造成本。
However, many social media users argued that the family should be spared any of the costs.
然而，许多网友认为，老人一家不应该承担任何费用。
With limited project opportunities and strict construction requirements in urban areas, many young architects look to rural areas to exercise their creativity, industry insiders told Sixth Tone.
业内人士对《第六声》表示，由于城市地区的项目机会有限，建筑要求严格，许多年轻建筑师将目光投向农村地区，以发挥他们的创造力。
A Beijing-based architect, surnamed Zhou, said the architect’s vision on the TV show was “thoughtful,” adding he disagreed with the negative comments online.
北京一位周姓建筑师表示，建筑师陶磊在电视节目中的设想是“深思熟虑的”，他不同意网上的负面评论。
“Today’s bricks can serve as structure, heat insulation, and decoration at the same time, and these new aesthetics should be gradually accepted,” he told Sixth Tone.
他告诉《第六声》：“如今砖可以同时用作结构、隔热和装饰，这些新的美学应该逐渐被接受。”
然而，设计师出于艺术创作的热情为业主出谋划策，职业精神值得肯定和尊重，但也要认清，房子不只是展现自己设计DNA、理念和能力的实验场，更是别人的家。
艺术源于生活，不能因前卫的理念，而脱离了具体实际，不能因精英的思维，而忽视了大众审美。好的作品，一定是拉近彼此距离、雅俗共赏。
来源：央视网，澎湃新闻，Sixth Tone
编辑：董静 | Many social media users accusing an architect on the show of overriding the wishes of rural property owners with his artistic preferences.
The architect, Tao Lei, was commissioned to renovate a rural family house in the northwestern Gansu province into a two-story Western-style villa for the popular TV show “Dream House.” However, he managed to convince the family members to adopt more local aesthetics in a minimalist design — the house combines wooden panels with cement and bricks, which are also partly used to create geometric patterns on the walls.
“I believe concrete and red brick are the best architectural forms,” Tao said in the program.
Although the family didn’t express their dislike of the final outcome, audiences, however, picked apart the design, as well as the 1.32 million yuan ($206,800) price tag for the construction. Many of them took to microblogging platform Weibo to accuse the architect of manipulating the family to pay for his artistic but impractical ideas, with some comparing a neighboring Western-style villa to be of superior design.
“It looks like an art museum instead of a residential building,” one user said, adding that the geometric shapes on the exterior walls would not be suitable for the freezing winter temperatures in the northwest region.
Responding to the criticism, producers of the program aired on Shanghai-based Dragon TV said Sunday that the project hadn’t been completed yet, and they would cover half of the construction costs along with the family.
However, many social media users argued that the family should be spared any of the costs.
With limited project opportunities and strict construction requirements in urban areas, many young architects look to rural areas to exercise their creativity, industry insiders told Sixth Tone.
A Beijing-based architect, surnamed Zhou, said the architect’s vision on the TV show was “thoughtful,” adding he disagreed with the negative comments online.
“Today’s bricks can serve as structure, heat insulation, and decoration at the same time, and these new aesthetics should be gradually accepted,” he told Sixth Tone. | 近日，东方卫视装修真人秀节目《梦想改造家》在网络上引发了部分网友的争议和质疑。
许多网友在社交媒体上指责节目中的建筑师不顾农民房主的意愿，将自己的艺术偏好强加于人。
《梦想改造家》是由东方卫视打造的一档家装改造节目，每一期家庭分别代表、折射一部分人群。具体的家庭故事围绕主人公背景、居住烦恼和对梦想中家的憧憬展开。
最新引发疯狂吐槽的这期节目，委托人是一位地道的农民老杜，生活在甘肃省白银市水泉镇牙沟水村。他家里是一个大家族同住。根据节目中的展示，小院里一度有多达20口人一起生活。节目中设计师团队需要改造设计的是一个已经建成40年的、由土和砖构建成围合式小院。
节目中，老人先表达了自己对改造的要求和期待：靠近城市现代化、外观整体要洋气、类似二层小别墅的精致。
房主老杜
建筑师陶磊接到《梦想改造家》的委托将甘肃省西北部的一座农村家庭住宅改造成一栋两层的西式别墅。然而，他说服了这家人接受带有本土美学的极简主义设计——改造的房屋将木板与水泥和砖块结合在一起，还用它们在墙上勾勒出几何图案。
陶磊在节目中表示：“我认为混凝土和红砖是最好的建筑形式。”
不过，陶磊的设计没能像以往节目让人倍感惊艳不说，反倒引发无数疯狂吐槽，其中最大的质疑就是“花了农民132万元建的却是红砖毛坯房”。
经过改造的农家小院，建筑部分几乎全都被改成了红砖为外墙，并且没有再加任何涂饰。
通过节目镜头，观众还发现，像主卧这样的房间顶上直接保留了混凝土的清水模样，周围用来隔开房间的也只是木板。洗手间的盥洗台同样也是使用的混凝土的毛坯样子，甚至有眼尖的网友发现“边角都没有打磨一下”。
改造后的卫生间
不仅如此，室内采光也被网友吐槽，厨房暗，走廊更暗。
改造后的房间走廊
而老人想要的二层小楼由于前期费用花超了，只有主屋部分有二层。从一楼到二楼的楼梯，不仅陡度大，台阶高，还很窄，不利于老人爬楼。
尽管这家人没有表达他们对最终结果的不满，但观众们还是无法把这栋建筑和132万元的改造成本联系在一起。许多观众在微博上指责这位建筑师强迫房主一家为他艺术但不切实际的想法买单，一些人将附近一栋西式别墅与之相比，认为其设计更为优越。
一位网友称：“它看起来像一座艺术博物馆，而不是一栋住宅楼。”外墙的几何形状不适合西北地区寒冷的冬天。
11月22日，针对网友的抨击，《梦想改造家》节目组回应称，该项目尚未完工，节目组将与房主家人各分担一半改造成本。
然而，许多网友认为，老人一家不应该承担任何费用。
业内人士对《第六声》表示，由于城市地区的项目机会有限，建筑要求严格，许多年轻建筑师将目光投向农村地区，以发挥他们的创造力。
北京一位周姓建筑师表示，建筑师陶磊在电视节目中的设想是“深思熟虑的”，他不同意网上的负面评论。
他告诉《第六声》：“如今砖可以同时用作结构、隔热和装饰，这些新的美学应该逐渐被接受。”
然而，设计师出于艺术创作的热情为业主出谋划策，职业精神值得肯定和尊重，但也要认清，房子不只是展现自己设计DNA、理念和能力的实验场，更是别人的家。
艺术源于生活，不能因前卫的理念，而脱离了具体实际，不能因精英的思维，而忽视了大众审美。好的作品，一定是拉近彼此距离、雅俗共赏。
来源：央视网，澎湃新闻，Sixth Tone
编辑：董静 |
法国参议院日前通过了一项新的动物福利法案，新法律规定，从2024年起禁止宠物店销售猫狗，从2026年起禁止海豚和虎鲸表演，从2028年起禁止马戏团巡演使用野生动物。
[Photo/Pexels]
France will ban pet shops from selling dogs and cats from 2024 as part of efforts to prevent abandonment.
为了防止猫狗被遗弃，法国将从2024年起禁止宠物店销售猫狗。
Under a new animal welfare law approved by the Senate on Thursday, licensed breeders and shelters will be among the few options for would-be owners.
根据法国参议院上周四（11月18日）通过的新动物福利法案，想要养猫狗的人只能从有营业执照的动物养殖场或动物收容所等地获得猫狗。
Owners will also be required to sign a commitment certificate confirming their knowledge of the needs of the animals. Purchases can be cancelled within seven days.
他们必须签一份承诺书，确认自己了解动物的需求。购买合同在7天之内可以取消。
The provisions are designed to prevent impulsive buying, which is a factor behind abandonment.
这一条款旨在防止冲动性购买，这是猫狗被遗弃的一个因素。
A pet food industry association says nearly 22 million dogs and cats are kept as pets in France. But according to animal welfare groups, 100,000 are abandoned every year.
一个宠物食品行业协会表示，法国有近2200万只宠物猫狗。但是动物福利团体指出，每年都有10万只猫狗被遗弃。
A lawmaker who cosponsored the bill welcomed its adoption as a historic first step.
支持这一法案的一名议员对法案的通过表示欢迎，称其为历史性的第一步。
The law also bans dolphin and orca shows from 2026, and the use of wild animals in traveling circuses from 2028.
该法案还将从2026年起禁止海豚和虎鲸表演，并将从2028年起禁止马戏团巡演使用野生动物。
A representative of a circus association vowed to stage a protest, saying that no show animals are abused and the law is arbitrary.
一个马戏团联盟的一名代表声称要举行抗议活动，并表示参加马戏团表演的动物没有受到虐待，这一立法太武断。
英文来源：日本广播协会网站
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
France will ban pet shops from selling dogs and cats from 2024 as part of efforts to prevent abandonment.
Under a new animal welfare law approved by the Senate on Thursday, licensed breeders and shelters will be among the few options for would-be owners.
Owners will also be required to sign a commitment certificate confirming their knowledge of the needs of the animals. Purchases can be cancelled within seven days.
The provisions are designed to prevent impulsive buying, which is a factor behind abandonment.
A pet food industry association says nearly 22 million dogs and cats are kept as pets in France. But according to animal welfare groups, 100,000 are abandoned every year.
A lawmaker who cosponsored the bill welcomed its adoption as a historic first step.
The law also bans dolphin and orca shows from 2026, and the use of wild animals in traveling circuses from 2028.
A representative of a circus association vowed to stage a protest, saying that no show animals are abused and the law is arbitrary. | 法国参议院日前通过了一项新的动物福利法案，新法律规定，从2024年起禁止宠物店销售猫狗，从2026年起禁止海豚和虎鲸表演，从2028年起禁止马戏团巡演使用野生动物。
为了防止猫狗被遗弃，法国将从2024年起禁止宠物店销售猫狗。
根据法国参议院上周四（11月18日）通过的新动物福利法案，想要养猫狗的人只能从有营业执照的动物养殖场或动物收容所等地获得猫狗。
他们必须签一份承诺书，确认自己了解动物的需求。购买合同在7天之内可以取消。
这一条款旨在防止冲动性购买，这是猫狗被遗弃的一个因素。
一个宠物食品行业协会表示，法国有近2200万只宠物猫狗。但是动物福利团体指出，每年都有10万只猫狗被遗弃。
支持这一法案的一名议员对法案的通过表示欢迎，称其为历史性的第一步。
该法案还将从2026年起禁止海豚和虎鲸表演，并将从2028年起禁止马戏团巡演使用野生动物。
一个马戏团联盟的一名代表声称要举行抗议活动，并表示参加马戏团表演的动物没有受到虐待，这一立法太武断。
英文来源：日本广播协会网站
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
天气越来越冷，仅靠一条秋裤已经不能抵御严寒。除了多穿衣服外，还应增加御寒食物的摄入来增强体质，提高防寒能力。那么哪些美食保暖御寒呢？
In general, foods that take longer to digest can help raise your body temperature and make you feel warmer. The medical term for this process is thermogenesis, which is the process of your body producing heat caused by food metabolizing. Look for food that’s high in healthy fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Many of these foods take longer to digest.
一般来说，需要更长时间来消化的食物可以升高体温，让你感觉更温暖。这个过程在医学上称为产热作用，也就是由食物代谢引起的身体产生热量的过程。多吃富含健康脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的食物，这类食物的消化速度更慢。
[Photo/Pexels]
Eat Bananas
吃香蕉
Bananas have a lot of vitamin B and magnesium, which are important for your thyroid and adrenal glands to function properly. These glands help regulate body temperature.
香蕉含有大量的维生素B和镁，它们对甲状腺和肾上腺的正常运转很重要。这些腺体有助于调节体温。
[Photo/Pexels]
Drink Ginger Tea
喝姜茶
Hot ginger tea can make you feel warm inside on a cold day. Ginger is known to be good for digestive health and can stimulate thermogenesis. It’s also a diaphoretic, which means it will help your body warm from the inside out. Keeping you warm is only one of the many health benefits of drinking ginger tea.
在寒冷的日子里，热姜茶可以温暖你。众所周知，生姜有益于消化系统健康，并能刺激产热。姜也是一种发汗剂，能让你的身体从里到外感到温暖。保暖只是喝姜茶的众多健康益处之一。
[Photo/Pexels]
Drink Coffee
喝咖啡
One of the benefits to drinking coffee is the caffeine. Caffeine increases your metabolism, which can raise your body temperature. Technically, iced coffee can be even better because it has more caffeine. However, if you can’t give up the warm cup of coffee in your hands, you’ll still get the benefits from a hot cup of coffee.
喝咖啡的一个好处是咖啡因。咖啡因能促进新陈代谢，从而让体温升高。理论上，冰咖啡效果更好，因为含咖啡因更多。然而，如果你舍不得手中那杯温暖的咖啡，一杯热咖啡也可以很不错。
[Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Eat Red Meat
吃红肉
Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, is a good source of iron. Iron is an important mineral to help carry oxygen throughout your body. People with low iron may notice cold hands and feet or feel tired easily. Eating red meat can also supply vitamin B12, which contributes to healthy nerves and a strong immune system.
牛肉、羊肉和猪肉等红肉富含铁元素。铁是一种重要的矿物质，有助于将氧气输送到全身。缺铁的人可能出现手脚冰冷或容易感到疲劳的症状。吃红肉还可以补充维生素B12，对神经系统和免疫系统有益。
[Photo/Pexels]
Eat Sweet Potatoes
吃红薯
Sweet potatoes and other root vegetables need more energy to move through the digestion process, which raises your body temperature. High in vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium, sweet potatoes can add fiber and other nutrients to a warm winter meal. Research shows sweet potatoes are also good for eye health.
红薯和其他根茎类蔬菜需要更多的能量来消化，这会让体温升高。红薯富含维生素A、维生素C和钾元素，可以为温暖的冬季膳食增添纤维和其他营养素。研究表明，红薯还有益于眼睛健康。
[Photo/Pexels]
Drink Water
喝水
A simple way to help your body stay warm this winter is to drink water. Water keeps your body functioning at its best and helps regulate your internal temperature. Dehydration causes your core temperature to drop, which may lead to hypothermia. People are less likely to drink water when it’s cold outside because they don’t feel as thirsty, according to Summit Medical Group. You may want to carry a water bottle with you to serve as a reminder.
在冬天保暖的一个简单方法就是喝水。水使身体保持最佳状态，并帮助调节体温。脱水会导致核心体温下降，这可能导致体温过低。据Summit医疗集团称，天气寒冷时，人们就不太喝水，因为他们感觉不那么渴。你可以随身携带一个水瓶提醒自己喝水。
Avoid Alcohol
避免饮酒
You may follow the old adage that a shot of whisky can keep you warm. However, whisky and other kinds of alcohol actually lower your body’s core temperature. You may feel warm at first but it will be hard to stay warm over time. Alcohol also impairs your ability to shiver, which is a natural response to raise your body temperature.
你可能会相信老话说得那样，喝杯威士忌让你热乎乎。然而，威士忌和其他种类的酒实际上会降低你身体的核心温度。一开始你可能感觉很温暖，但过段时间就不行了。酒精还会削弱你的颤抖能力，这是一种升高体温的自然反应。
来源：hvrxsolutions
编辑：董静 | In general, foods that take longer to digest can help raise your body temperature and make you feel warmer. The medical term for this process is thermogenesis, which is the process of your body producing heat caused by food metabolizing. Look for food that’s high in healthy fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Many of these foods take longer to digest.
[Photo/Pexels]
Eat Bananas
Bananas have a lot of vitamin B and magnesium, which are important for your thyroid and adrenal glands to function properly. These glands help regulate body temperature.
[Photo/Pexels]
Drink Ginger Tea
Hot ginger tea can make you feel warm inside on a cold day. Ginger is known to be good for digestive health and can stimulate thermogenesis. It’s also a diaphoretic, which means it will help your body warm from the inside out. Keeping you warm is only one of the many health benefits of drinking ginger tea.
[Photo/Pexels]
Drink Coffee
One of the benefits to drinking coffee is the caffeine. Caffeine increases your metabolism, which can raise your body temperature. Technically, iced coffee can be even better because it has more caffeine. However, if you can’t give up the warm cup of coffee in your hands, you’ll still get the benefits from a hot cup of coffee.
[Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Eat Red Meat
Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork, is a good source of iron. Iron is an important mineral to help carry oxygen throughout your body. People with low iron may notice cold hands and feet or feel tired easily. Eating red meat can also supply vitamin B12, which contributes to healthy nerves and a strong immune system.
[Photo/Pexels]
Eat Sweet Potatoes
Sweet potatoes and other root vegetables need more energy to move through the digestion process, which raises your body temperature. High in vitamin A, vitamin C and potassium, sweet potatoes can add fiber and other nutrients to a warm winter meal. Research shows sweet potatoes are also good for eye health.
[Photo/Pexels]
Drink Water
A simple way to help your body stay warm this winter is to drink water. Water keeps your body functioning at its best and helps regulate your internal temperature. Dehydration causes your core temperature to drop, which may lead to hypothermia. People are less likely to drink water when it’s cold outside because they don’t feel as thirsty, according to Summit Medical Group. You may want to carry a water bottle with you to serve as a reminder.
Avoid Alcohol
You may follow the old adage that a shot of whisky can keep you warm. However, whisky and other kinds of alcohol actually lower your body’s core temperature. You may feel warm at first but it will be hard to stay warm over time. Alcohol also impairs your ability to shiver, which is a natural response to raise your body temperature. | 天气越来越冷，仅靠一条秋裤已经不能抵御严寒。除了多穿衣服外，还应增加御寒食物的摄入来增强体质，提高防寒能力。那么哪些美食保暖御寒呢？
一般来说，需要更长时间来消化的食物可以升高体温，让你感觉更温暖。这个过程在医学上称为产热作用，也就是由食物代谢引起的身体产生热量的过程。多吃富含健康脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的食物，这类食物的消化速度更慢。
吃香蕉
香蕉含有大量的维生素B和镁，它们对甲状腺和肾上腺的正常运转很重要。这些腺体有助于调节体温。
喝姜茶
在寒冷的日子里，热姜茶可以温暖你。众所周知，生姜有益于消化系统健康，并能刺激产热。姜也是一种发汗剂，能让你的身体从里到外感到温暖。保暖只是喝姜茶的众多健康益处之一。
喝咖啡
喝咖啡的一个好处是咖啡因。咖啡因能促进新陈代谢，从而让体温升高。理论上，冰咖啡效果更好，因为含咖啡因更多。然而，如果你舍不得手中那杯温暖的咖啡，一杯热咖啡也可以很不错。
吃红肉
牛肉、羊肉和猪肉等红肉富含铁元素。铁是一种重要的矿物质，有助于将氧气输送到全身。缺铁的人可能出现手脚冰冷或容易感到疲劳的症状。吃红肉还可以补充维生素B12，对神经系统和免疫系统有益。
吃红薯
红薯和其他根茎类蔬菜需要更多的能量来消化，这会让体温升高。红薯富含维生素A、维生素C和钾元素，可以为温暖的冬季膳食增添纤维和其他营养素。研究表明，红薯还有益于眼睛健康。
喝水
在冬天保暖的一个简单方法就是喝水。水使身体保持最佳状态，并帮助调节体温。脱水会导致核心体温下降，这可能导致体温过低。据Summit医疗集团称，天气寒冷时，人们就不太喝水，因为他们感觉不那么渴。你可以随身携带一个水瓶提醒自己喝水。
避免饮酒
你可能会相信老话说得那样，喝杯威士忌让你热乎乎。然而，威士忌和其他种类的酒实际上会降低你身体的核心温度。一开始你可能感觉很温暖，但过段时间就不行了。酒精还会削弱你的颤抖能力，这是一种升高体温的自然反应。
来源：hvrxsolutions
编辑：董静 |
疫情改变了人们的卫生习惯，改变了人们的聚会方式，甚至还改变了人们对伴侣的需求。美国的一项研究发现，受疫情影响，单身人士不再那么看重颜值，而是更看重情感关系的稳定性。
[Photo/Pexels]
The largest annual scientific study on single adults shows that COVID-19 has caused a dramatic shift in people's priorities when it comes to dating, sex and love. Faculty from the Kinsey Institute at Indiana University say some of the changes could last well beyond the pandemic.
本年度规模最大的单身成年人科学研究表明，受疫情影响，人们在约会、性和爱情中最看重的元素发生了显著变化。印第安纳大学金赛研究所的研究人员表示，某些变化可能在疫情结束之后仍会持续存在。
This is the 11th year for Match.com's "Singles in America" study, which Kinsey Institute executive director Justin Garcia and senior research fellow Helen Fisher contribute to as scientific advisers. The research includes a demographically representative sample of 5,000 single adults between the ages of 18 and 98.
今年是Match婚恋网进行“美国单身人士”研究的第11年，金赛研究所执行主任贾斯汀·加西亚和高级研究员海伦·费希尔作为科学顾问参与了这项研究。该研究涵盖了具有代表性的5000名18岁至98岁的单身成年人。
Data from the 2021 study shows that 83% of singles want a partner who's emotionally mature. Only 78% want someone physically attractive, compared to 90% in 2020.
2021年的研究数据显示，83%的单身人士想要一个情感成熟的伴侣。只有78%的人希望找颜值高的人，而2020年这一比例为90%。
"Singles have grown up, and along with that they are looking for more stable partners," Fisher said. "The so-called bad boys and bad girls are out; emotional maturity is in."
费希尔说：“单身人士已经长大了，相应地他们也在寻找更稳定的伴侣。所谓的坏男孩和坏女孩已经不受欢迎了；情感成熟的人才是最佳伴侣。”
That mindset change is also reflected in a drastic increase in those interested in marriage. The number of singles who want a partner desiring marriage jumped from 58% two years ago to 76% this year—and men and younger adults are leading in this pattern.
对婚姻感兴趣的人数急剧增加也反映出了这种心态的变化。想要结婚的单身人士数量从两年前的58%跃升到今年的76%，其中以男性和年轻人居多。
With that focus on stability, casual sex has become a lower priority for singles than in the past, with more focusing on emotional connection.
随着对稳定性的需求增加，随意风流对于单身人士没有以前那么重要了，他们更关注情感的维系。
"I don't think that's a temporary blip; I think it's a sea change," Garcia said.
加西亚表示：“我不认为这是一个暂时的变化；我认为这是一个巨大的转变。”
Garcia said he believes the pandemic changed the way people seek out partners long-term. The pandemic led one in four singles to turn to video dating as a way to get a "vibe check" before meeting a potential romantic partner in real life. The numbers are even higher for young singles, with nearly half of Gen Z and millennials going on a video date as a first step in the dating process.
加西亚说，他认为疫情改变了人们寻找长期伴侣的方式。这场大流行病导致四分之一的单身人士转向视频约会，在“奔现”之前先通过视频看看“来不来电”。年轻单身人士视频约会的比例更高，近半数的Z世代和千禧一代将视频约会作为约会过程的第一步。
注：Z世代是指1995至2009年间出生的一代人。
Fisher said that while there tends to be a lot of focus on how technology can negatively impact relationships, the data shows that it can facilitate meaningful connections.
费希尔说，虽然很多人关注技术对情感关系产生的负面影响，但数据显示，它可以促进有意义的联系。
"When you go on a video chat, sex is off the table," she said. "You don't have to decide if you're going to kiss or not, and you don't have to decide how you're going to spend your money. So it's practical."
她说：“视频聊天时，你不必考虑上床这样的事，不用考虑是否要接吻以及怎么付账。所以很实际。”
"Singles in America" also gauged attitudes on COVID-19 vaccination, finding that vaccination is a higher priority for singles than the rest of the US population. In addition to having a higher vaccination rate themselves compared to the overall population, 65% of singles want their partners to be vaccinated.
“美国的单身人士”研究还调查了受访者对接种新冠疫苗的态度，结果发现美国单身人士对疫苗接种的重视程度高于美国其他年龄人口。这部分人群不仅疫苗接种率高于整体人口，而且有65%的单身人士希望他们的伴侣也能接种疫苗。
英文来源：Phys.org
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
The largest annual scientific study on single adults shows that COVID-19 has caused a dramatic shift in people's priorities when it comes to dating, sex and love. Faculty from the Kinsey Institute at Indiana University say some of the changes could last well beyond the pandemic.
This is the 11th year for Match.com's "Singles in America" study, which Kinsey Institute executive director Justin Garcia and senior research fellow Helen Fisher contribute to as scientific advisers. The research includes a demographically representative sample of 5,000 single adults between the ages of 18 and 98.
Data from the 2021 study shows that 83% of singles want a partner who's emotionally mature. Only 78% want someone physically attractive, compared to 90% in 2020.
"Singles have grown up, and along with that they are looking for more stable partners," Fisher said. "The so-called bad boys and bad girls are out; emotional maturity is in."
That mindset change is also reflected in a drastic increase in those interested in marriage. The number of singles who want a partner desiring marriage jumped from 58% two years ago to 76% this year—and men and younger adults are leading in this pattern.
With that focus on stability, casual sex has become a lower priority for singles than in the past, with more focusing on emotional connection.
"I don't think that's a temporary blip; I think it's a sea change," Garcia said.
Garcia said he believes the pandemic changed the way people seek out partners long-term. The pandemic led one in four singles to turn to video dating as a way to get a "vibe check" before meeting a potential romantic partner in real life. The numbers are even higher for young singles, with nearly half of Gen Z and millennials going on a video date as a first step in the dating process.
Fisher said that while there tends to be a lot of focus on how technology can negatively impact relationships, the data shows that it can facilitate meaningful connections.
"When you go on a video chat, sex is off the table," she said. "You don't have to decide if you're going to kiss or not, and you don't have to decide how you're going to spend your money. So it's practical."
"Singles in America" also gauged attitudes on COVID-19 vaccination, finding that vaccination is a higher priority for singles than the rest of the US population. In addition to having a higher vaccination rate themselves compared to the overall population, 65% of singles want their partners to be vaccinated. | 疫情改变了人们的卫生习惯，改变了人们的聚会方式，甚至还改变了人们对伴侣的需求。美国的一项研究发现，受疫情影响，单身人士不再那么看重颜值，而是更看重情感关系的稳定性。
本年度规模最大的单身成年人科学研究表明，受疫情影响，人们在约会、性和爱情中最看重的元素发生了显著变化。印第安纳大学金赛研究所的研究人员表示，某些变化可能在疫情结束之后仍会持续存在。
今年是Match婚恋网进行“美国单身人士”研究的第11年，金赛研究所执行主任贾斯汀·加西亚和高级研究员海伦·费希尔作为科学顾问参与了这项研究。该研究涵盖了具有代表性的5000名18岁至98岁的单身成年人。
2021年的研究数据显示，83%的单身人士想要一个情感成熟的伴侣。只有78%的人希望找颜值高的人，而2020年这一比例为90%。
费希尔说：“单身人士已经长大了，相应地他们也在寻找更稳定的伴侣。所谓的坏男孩和坏女孩已经不受欢迎了；情感成熟的人才是最佳伴侣。”
对婚姻感兴趣的人数急剧增加也反映出了这种心态的变化。想要结婚的单身人士数量从两年前的58%跃升到今年的76%，其中以男性和年轻人居多。
随着对稳定性的需求增加，随意风流对于单身人士没有以前那么重要了，他们更关注情感的维系。
加西亚表示：“我不认为这是一个暂时的变化；我认为这是一个巨大的转变。”
加西亚说，他认为疫情改变了人们寻找长期伴侣的方式。这场大流行病导致四分之一的单身人士转向视频约会，在“奔现”之前先通过视频看看“来不来电”。年轻单身人士视频约会的比例更高，近半数的Z世代和千禧一代将视频约会作为约会过程的第一步。
注：Z世代是指1995至2009年间出生的一代人。
费希尔说，虽然很多人关注技术对情感关系产生的负面影响，但数据显示，它可以促进有意义的联系。
她说：“视频聊天时，你不必考虑上床这样的事，不用考虑是否要接吻以及怎么付账。所以很实际。”
“美国的单身人士”研究还调查了受访者对接种新冠疫苗的态度，结果发现美国单身人士对疫苗接种的重视程度高于美国其他年龄人口。这部分人群不仅疫苗接种率高于整体人口，而且有65%的单身人士希望他们的伴侣也能接种疫苗。
英文来源：Phys.org
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
塑料为人类带来了很多便利，我们现在早已习惯了用塑料，穿塑料，玩塑料，吃……塑料。没错，我们几乎每天都在吃塑料。
[Photo/Pexels]
Microplastics are “one of the greatest manmade disasters of our time”, according to the Natural History Museum. That’s bad news, given they are also everywhere; in tap water, the food you buy, the clothes you wear and the air you breathe.
伦敦自然历史博物馆认为，微塑料是“这个时代最大的人造灾难之一”。这是个坏消息，因为微塑料无处不在；它存在于在自来水里，你买的食物，你穿的衣服，你呼吸的空气中。
The largest microplastics can be seen by the naked eye and are anything under half a centimetre in size. But many of them are small enough to act like specks of dust which we can inadvertently breathe in or eat in food. The smallest particles are called nanoplastics and they are small enough to get their way deep into the human body.
最大的微塑料肉眼可见，大小不足0.5厘米。但许多微塑料都很小，小到像灰尘一样可以在不经意间被我们吸入或和食物一起吃下去。最小的塑料颗粒被称为纳米塑料，它们小到可以深入人体。
New findings from the University of Portsmouth show that there is so much synthetic material in our homes that we might be breathing in up to 7,000 microplastic particles a day. Using specialist equipment, they measured a typical family home and found the highest concentration of it was in the bedroom of the eight-year-old daughter, whose room was decorated with plastic-based bedding, carpet and soft toys.
英国朴茨茅斯大学的新发现表明，我们的家中有太多合成材料，我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑粒子。研究人员使用专业设备测量了一个典型家庭住宅，发现其中微塑料最集中的地方是8岁女儿的卧室，她的房间摆放着塑料床垫、地毯和毛绒玩具。
Note:
Synthetic 人造的；（人工）合成的
Although research is in its infancy, the risks of these plastics could be serious – some studies have linked high exposure to cancer risk and disrupting our hormones. In animal studies, the particles have been shown to affect metabolism, gut bacteria and the immune system, among other things.
尽管研究还处于起步阶段，但微塑料的危害可能很大——一些研究表明，微塑料与高患癌风险和扰乱人体激素有关。在动物研究中，微塑料已被证明会影响新陈代谢、肠道细菌和免疫系统等。
Note:
Metabolism 新陈代谢
It is not yet known what a healthy level of microplastics might look like, but Dr Sabine Donnai, CEO of the Viavi clinic, is adamant that many people in the West are over the threshold. In tests at her clinic, patients often come back with dangerously high levels of plastic in their bodies, she says.
目前，我们还不知道人体内微塑料的健康水平是多少，但Viavi诊所首席执行官萨宾·多奈博士坚信，许多西方人已经超过了安全线。多奈表示，在她的诊所进行的测试中，患者体内的塑料含量往往处于较高的危险值。
微塑料几乎无处不在，食物、饮用水、化妆品、生活用品中都有微塑料。从现代生活里消除塑料几乎是不可能的，但我们仍然可以采取一些措施来尽量减小微塑料的摄入。
1 Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes
避免将外卖装在塑料盒中重新加热
Any time plastic containers are heated, chemical changes in the material mean it can leach microparticles into your food. If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers. Instead, decant them to a plate.
每当塑料容器被加热时，材料发生的化学变化意味着会有微粒子渗入到食物中。如果你无法避免使用外卖盒，那么吃剩饭时尽量不要在外卖盒里加热，而是应该倒进盘子里。
2 Using a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one
用玻璃水瓶代替塑料水瓶
Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who exclusively drinks bottled water would imbibe 130,000 more particles a year, compared to 4,000 from tap water.
2019年加拿大的一项研究发现，瓶装水中的微塑料含量是自来水的22倍，这意味着只饮用瓶装水的人每年会吸收超过13万个微塑料粒子，而饮用自来水的人吸收的微塑料粒子数量为4000个。
She recommends using a glass bottle when you’re on the go, and filling it with water that has gone through a reverse osmosis filter, which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.
她建议外出时携带玻璃瓶，并装入经过反渗透过滤器的水，这有助于去除自来水中的微塑料。
[Photo/Pexels]
3 Avoiding using cling film on hot food
避免在热食物上包裹保鲜膜
“Cling film is bad: never microwave it or put it on hot food,” says Donnai.
多奈表示：“保鲜膜不健康：千万不要用微波炉加热或放在热的食物上。”
4 Using metal or glass coffee cups
使用金属或玻璃咖啡杯
The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink. Instead, bring a reusable glass cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe.
咖啡的热度会让塑料渗入你的饮料中。可以带一个可重复使用的玻璃杯，或者考虑在咖啡馆喝咖啡。
5 Swapping plastic baby bottles for glass versions
将塑料婴儿奶瓶换成玻璃瓶
To reduce your baby’s exposure, you could think about swapping plastic baby bottles for glass versions. Alternatively, you could use other methods to sterilize that don’t involve heating, like UV light sterilization machines or with sterilizing powder or tablets.
为了减少宝宝接触微塑料，你可以考虑将塑料婴儿奶瓶换成玻璃奶瓶。或者，也可以使用其他不需要加热的方法给奶瓶消毒，比如紫外线消毒机或使用消毒粉或消毒片。
6 Stopping chewing on the end of pens
停止啃咬笔头
Donnai also suggests looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives, including baby chewing toys or dummies which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth. Similarly, she recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens.
多奈还建议寻找孩子在生活中接触到的其他塑料来源，包括婴儿咀嚼玩具或橡皮奶嘴，这些物件会进入口腔，因此尤其有害。同样，她建议成年人停止咬笔的末端。
来源：《每日电讯报》
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Pexels]
Microplastics are “one of the greatest manmade disasters of our time”, according to the Natural History Museum. That’s bad news, given they are also everywhere; in tap water, the food you buy, the clothes you wear and the air you breathe.
The largest microplastics can be seen by the naked eye and are anything under half a centimetre in size. But many of them are small enough to act like specks of dust which we can inadvertently breathe in or eat in food. The smallest particles are called nanoplastics and they are small enough to get their way deep into the human body.
New findings from the University of Portsmouth show that there is so much synthetic material in our homes that we might be breathing in up to 7,000 microplastic particles a day. Using specialist equipment, they measured a typical family home and found the highest concentration of it was in the bedroom of the eight-year-old daughter, whose room was decorated with plastic-based bedding, carpet and soft toys.
Note:
Although research is in its infancy, the risks of these plastics could be serious – some studies have linked high exposure to cancer risk and disrupting our hormones. In animal studies, the particles have been shown to affect metabolism, gut bacteria and the immune system, among other things.
Note:
It is not yet known what a healthy level of microplastics might look like, but Dr Sabine Donnai, CEO of the Viavi clinic, is adamant that many people in the West are over the threshold. In tests at her clinic, patients often come back with dangerously high levels of plastic in their bodies, she says.
1 Avoiding reheating takeaway food in plastic boxes
Any time plastic containers are heated, chemical changes in the material mean it can leach microparticles into your food. If you can’t avoid the takeaway boxes, try not to reheat food in them when having leftovers. Instead, decant them to a plate.
2 Using a glass water bottle instead of a plastic one
Canadian research from 2019 found that bottled water contains 22 times more microplastics than tap water, meaning someone who exclusively drinks bottled water would imbibe 130,000 more particles a year, compared to 4,000 from tap water.
She recommends using a glass bottle when you’re on the go, and filling it with water that has gone through a reverse osmosis filter, which can help to remove the microplastics in tap water.
[Photo/Pexels]
3 Avoiding using cling film on hot food
“Cling film is bad: never microwave it or put it on hot food,” says Donnai.
4 Using metal or glass coffee cups
The heat of the coffee will encourage the plastic to leach into your drink. Instead, bring a reusable glass cup for takeaways or consider drinking your coffee in a cafe.
5 Swapping plastic baby bottles for glass versions
To reduce your baby’s exposure, you could think about swapping plastic baby bottles for glass versions. Alternatively, you could use other methods to sterilize that don’t involve heating, like UV light sterilization machines or with sterilizing powder or tablets.
6 Stopping chewing on the end of pens
Donnai also suggests looking at other sources of plastic in your children’s lives, including baby chewing toys or dummies which are particularly harmful because they go in the mouth. Similarly, she recommends that adults stop chewing on the end of pens. | 塑料为人类带来了很多便利，我们现在早已习惯了用塑料，穿塑料，玩塑料，吃……塑料。没错，我们几乎每天都在吃塑料。
伦敦自然历史博物馆认为，微塑料是“这个时代最大的人造灾难之一”。这是个坏消息，因为微塑料无处不在；它存在于在自来水里，你买的食物，你穿的衣服，你呼吸的空气中。
最大的微塑料肉眼可见，大小不足0.5厘米。但许多微塑料都很小，小到像灰尘一样可以在不经意间被我们吸入或和食物一起吃下去。最小的塑料颗粒被称为纳米塑料，它们小到可以深入人体。
英国朴茨茅斯大学的新发现表明，我们的家中有太多合成材料，我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑粒子。研究人员使用专业设备测量了一个典型家庭住宅，发现其中微塑料最集中的地方是8岁女儿的卧室，她的房间摆放着塑料床垫、地毯和毛绒玩具。
Synthetic 人造的；（人工）合成的
尽管研究还处于起步阶段，但微塑料的危害可能很大——一些研究表明，微塑料与高患癌风险和扰乱人体激素有关。在动物研究中，微塑料已被证明会影响新陈代谢、肠道细菌和免疫系统等。
Metabolism 新陈代谢
目前，我们还不知道人体内微塑料的健康水平是多少，但Viavi诊所首席执行官萨宾·多奈博士坚信，许多西方人已经超过了安全线。多奈表示，在她的诊所进行的测试中，患者体内的塑料含量往往处于较高的危险值。
微塑料几乎无处不在，食物、饮用水、化妆品、生活用品中都有微塑料。从现代生活里消除塑料几乎是不可能的，但我们仍然可以采取一些措施来尽量减小微塑料的摄入。
避免将外卖装在塑料盒中重新加热
每当塑料容器被加热时，材料发生的化学变化意味着会有微粒子渗入到食物中。如果你无法避免使用外卖盒，那么吃剩饭时尽量不要在外卖盒里加热，而是应该倒进盘子里。
用玻璃水瓶代替塑料水瓶
2019年加拿大的一项研究发现，瓶装水中的微塑料含量是自来水的22倍，这意味着只饮用瓶装水的人每年会吸收超过13万个微塑料粒子，而饮用自来水的人吸收的微塑料粒子数量为4000个。
她建议外出时携带玻璃瓶，并装入经过反渗透过滤器的水，这有助于去除自来水中的微塑料。
避免在热食物上包裹保鲜膜
多奈表示：“保鲜膜不健康：千万不要用微波炉加热或放在热的食物上。”
使用金属或玻璃咖啡杯
咖啡的热度会让塑料渗入你的饮料中。可以带一个可重复使用的玻璃杯，或者考虑在咖啡馆喝咖啡。
将塑料婴儿奶瓶换成玻璃瓶
为了减少宝宝接触微塑料，你可以考虑将塑料婴儿奶瓶换成玻璃奶瓶。或者，也可以使用其他不需要加热的方法给奶瓶消毒，比如紫外线消毒机或使用消毒粉或消毒片。
停止啃咬笔头
多奈还建议寻找孩子在生活中接触到的其他塑料来源，包括婴儿咀嚼玩具或橡皮奶嘴，这些物件会进入口腔，因此尤其有害。同样，她建议成年人停止咬笔的末端。
来源：《每日电讯报》
编辑：董静 |
前一阵大家一定收到了不少快递包裹（parcels）。和快递一样多的，或许是你多年来囤积在设置里的“收件地址”。想知道你关心谁，不用问塔罗占卜，梳理下你的收件地址就知道了。
[Photo/Pexels]
从后往前，你还能描摹出自己若干年来的行动轨迹。
工作城市的出租屋、公司的办公地、对象的住处、早年读书时的宿舍、实习的位置等等。
不像经过润色的日记，网购所带来的一切：收件地址、购物偏好、收藏囤货、订单记录……都更直观地记录了一个人的若干侧面。
有人感慨：“看双11回顾才发现，收到我快递最多的是前男友。”
每一条俏皮网名的地址背后，都有一段亲人、朋友、或者自己的工作、学习、恋爱的故事。
很多人明明地址满了，系统提示必须要删除一条才能添加新地址时，却仍纠结到底删哪条好。
情感联结是囤地址的一大原因。而且，地址也不是网民们囤的唯一。英文中把这种行为称为
digital hoarding
。
Digital hoarding (also known as e-hoarding, data hoarding or cyber hoarding) is excessive acquisition and reluctance to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user.
数字囤积（也称为电子囤积、数据囤积或网络囤积）指的是过度获取以及不愿删除对用户不再有价值的电子材料。
有人不仅不舍得删地址，还不舍得删聊天记录。
Antoinette, 25, said, “I don’t think I could ever delete the WhatsApp chat with my ex-boyfriend. It’s interesting looking back at the start of the relationship so many years ago and who I was then versus now, and I can see how the relationship changed.”
25岁的安托瓦内特说：“我想我永远都无法删除与前男友的WhatsApp聊天。回顾多年前这段关系的开始，我当时如何以及现在如何，很有意思，我可以看到这段关系是如何改变的。”
照片就更不用说了，就连屏幕截图都是盖了时间戳的绝好plog素材（plog：图片博客），哪舍得删啊。
For Lauren, 28, who has 58,000 photos in her camera roll, these feelings are familiar. “My camera roll is largely taken up by throwaway selfies, memories that should be offloaded onto storage devices, memes and screenshots I never get around to deleting,” she tells me. “I’ve been meaning to delete the screenshots but I always get a bit overwhelmed when I go into that folder, so there they remain.”
劳伦今年28岁，她的相机里有58000张照片，（不知道如何删照片的）感觉对她来说很熟悉。她告诉我：“我的相册大部分被自拍废片占据，还有那些应该被转移到存储设备上的回忆，还有我从来没有机会删除的表情包和截图。我一直想删除屏幕截图，但当我打开文件夹，我就蒙了，所以照片就还在那。”
[Photo/Pexels]
有调查显示，美国人囤桌面图标、网页标签、不再用的文件和软件、网页书签、看过的电影文件等等，数字惊人。
一项研究显示美国人平均拥有：
83 bookmarks
83个书签
7 open tabs in their browser
浏览器里有7个打开的网页标签
15 unread emails
15封未读邮件
13 unused phone apps
13个闲置的手机软件
2 unused or broken cell phones
2个闲置或者坏了的手机
20 desktop icons
20个桌面图标
209 GB of cloud storage
209GB的云存储
Digital files, folders, music, movies, computer programs, and even the “friends” we keep on social media are also forms of digital clutter.
电子文件、文件夹、音乐、电影、电脑软件、甚至那些社交媒体上的“朋友”都是各式各样的电子囤积堆。
学生们不舍得/不知道如何整理或删除的东西可能就更多了——比如上课拍的投影ppt照片，删也不是不删也不是。
Both undergraduates and graduates expressed feeling overwhelmed with the sheer volume of technological detritus: lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, PDFs of research, snapshots of classroom whiteboards — not to mention their own ever-swelling Facebook friends they didn’t know but were afraid of unfriending.
本科生和研究生们都表示，他们对大量的电子碎片感到不知所措：课堂讲义、ppt、论文pdf、上课拍的板书——更不用说他们自己不断膨胀的Facebook好友数量了，即便不认识也不敢删。
手机上的app越来越多，但每次整理都得下好一番决心，每一个app似乎都值得思虑再三——文件扫描软件需要吗？一年也没扫描过几个文件。这位网友的体会或许很多人有同感：
My first home screen is filled with apps I use every day – Facebook, Spotify, Twitter, Outlook, Weather, etc. My second home screen has apps that I don't use quite as much, but still want within easy reach -- billing apps, shopping, and smart home apps.
我的第一个主屏幕上布满了我每天都在使用的应用程序——脸书、Spotify、推特、Outlook、天气等。我的第二个主屏幕上有一些应用程序，我用的不多，但还是希望能随手取用——账单软件、购物软件、和智能家居软件。
My third home screen is where things get chaotic and out of control, just a mess of games, work and business-related apps, and a ton of miscellaneous crap that I keep telling myself I'll need for that one thing on that one day that has never come and probably never will.
我的第三个主屏幕就开始混乱失控了，有一堆游戏、工作和与商务相关的软件，另外还有一大堆杂七杂八的软件。我一直跟自己说，一定有一天我会用到这个特定的软件，但是这天从未到来，或者再也不会到来。
有研究把“赛博囤积者”们分成了四种：数据掌控者、数据失控者、无情打工人、emo有情人
。
“Collectors” are organized, systematic and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders” are disorganized, don’t know what they have, and don’t have control over it. The “compliant hoarder” keeps data on behalf of their company. Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ties to their data — and are worried about deleting it.
“收集者[数据掌控者]”是有组织、有系统地控制着数据。“意外囤积者[数据失控者]”是无组织的，他们不知道自己拥有什么数据，也无法控制它。“听话的囤积者[无情打工人]”为公司保存数据。最后，“焦虑的囤积者[emo有情人]”与他们的数据有着强烈的情感联系，他们删除数据会很焦虑。
研究指出，不愿删除数据的囤积者大概是把这些东西“拟人化”了——怎么忍心让一个活物在回收站里被清空呢？
People are more resistant when it comes to actually getting rid of their cherished possessions — perhaps because they “anthropomorphize” them, treating inanimate objects as if they had thoughts and feelings.
人们很抗拒处理掉自己珍视的数字财产——也许是因为人们把这些物件“拟人化”了，把无生命的物体当作了有思想和感情的东西来对待。
有些赛博回忆不是你主动囤积的，它们在开头提到的网购场景中不断提醒你：去过哪儿、关心过谁、他们的爱吃爱用物是什么……
这些算法里的生活踪迹实在是嵌入衣食住行，以至于手指滑动间，就可以经历若干次“睹物思人”。
有趣的是，软件常常想要猜出你喜欢买什么，但无心插柳，猜中的却是你满心牵挂的人。
Notes
hoard [hɔːrd] v 贮藏；囤积
sheer [ʃɪr] adj （用来强调事物的大小、程度、或数量）
miscellaneous [ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs] adj 混杂的；各种各样的
anthropomorphize [ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːˌfaɪz] v 拟人；赋予人性
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：陈月华、向静雅、丹妮） | [Photo/Pexels]
digital hoarding
。
Digital hoarding (also known as e-hoarding, data hoarding or cyber hoarding) is excessive acquisition and reluctance to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user.
Antoinette, 25, said, “I don’t think I could ever delete the WhatsApp chat with my ex-boyfriend. It’s interesting looking back at the start of the relationship so many years ago and who I was then versus now, and I can see how the relationship changed.”
For Lauren, 28, who has 58,000 photos in her camera roll, these feelings are familiar. “My camera roll is largely taken up by throwaway selfies, memories that should be offloaded onto storage devices, memes and screenshots I never get around to deleting,” she tells me. “I’ve been meaning to delete the screenshots but I always get a bit overwhelmed when I go into that folder, so there they remain.”
[Photo/Pexels]
83 bookmarks
7 open tabs in their browser
15 unread emails
13 unused phone apps
2 unused or broken cell phones
20 desktop icons
209 GB of cloud storage
Digital files, folders, music, movies, computer programs, and even the “friends” we keep on social media are also forms of digital clutter.
Both undergraduates and graduates expressed feeling overwhelmed with the sheer volume of technological detritus: lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, PDFs of research, snapshots of classroom whiteboards — not to mention their own ever-swelling Facebook friends they didn’t know but were afraid of unfriending.
My first home screen is filled with apps I use every day – Facebook, Spotify, Twitter, Outlook, Weather, etc. My second home screen has apps that I don't use quite as much, but still want within easy reach -- billing apps, shopping, and smart home apps.
My third home screen is where things get chaotic and out of control, just a mess of games, work and business-related apps, and a ton of miscellaneous crap that I keep telling myself I'll need for that one thing on that one day that has never come and probably never will.
。
“Collectors” are organized, systematic and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders” are disorganized, don’t know what they have, and don’t have control over it. The “compliant hoarder” keeps data on behalf of their company. Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ties to their data — and are worried about deleting it.
People are more resistant when it comes to actually getting rid of their cherished possessions — perhaps because they “anthropomorphize” them, treating inanimate objects as if they had thoughts and feelings.
Notes | 前一阵大家一定收到了不少快递包裹（parcels）。和快递一样多的，或许是你多年来囤积在设置里的“收件地址”。想知道你关心谁，不用问塔罗占卜，梳理下你的收件地址就知道了。
从后往前，你还能描摹出自己若干年来的行动轨迹。
工作城市的出租屋、公司的办公地、对象的住处、早年读书时的宿舍、实习的位置等等。
不像经过润色的日记，网购所带来的一切：收件地址、购物偏好、收藏囤货、订单记录……都更直观地记录了一个人的若干侧面。
有人感慨：“看双11回顾才发现，收到我快递最多的是前男友。”
每一条俏皮网名的地址背后，都有一段亲人、朋友、或者自己的工作、学习、恋爱的故事。
很多人明明地址满了，系统提示必须要删除一条才能添加新地址时，却仍纠结到底删哪条好。
情感联结是囤地址的一大原因。而且，地址也不是网民们囤的唯一。英文中把这种行为称为
数字囤积（也称为电子囤积、数据囤积或网络囤积）指的是过度获取以及不愿删除对用户不再有价值的电子材料。
有人不仅不舍得删地址，还不舍得删聊天记录。
25岁的安托瓦内特说：“我想我永远都无法删除与前男友的WhatsApp聊天。回顾多年前这段关系的开始，我当时如何以及现在如何，很有意思，我可以看到这段关系是如何改变的。”
照片就更不用说了，就连屏幕截图都是盖了时间戳的绝好plog素材（plog：图片博客），哪舍得删啊。
劳伦今年28岁，她的相机里有58000张照片，（不知道如何删照片的）感觉对她来说很熟悉。她告诉我：“我的相册大部分被自拍废片占据，还有那些应该被转移到存储设备上的回忆，还有我从来没有机会删除的表情包和截图。我一直想删除屏幕截图，但当我打开文件夹，我就蒙了，所以照片就还在那。”
有调查显示，美国人囤桌面图标、网页标签、不再用的文件和软件、网页书签、看过的电影文件等等，数字惊人。
一项研究显示美国人平均拥有：
83个书签
浏览器里有7个打开的网页标签
15封未读邮件
13个闲置的手机软件
2个闲置或者坏了的手机
20个桌面图标
209GB的云存储
电子文件、文件夹、音乐、电影、电脑软件、甚至那些社交媒体上的“朋友”都是各式各样的电子囤积堆。
学生们不舍得/不知道如何整理或删除的东西可能就更多了——比如上课拍的投影ppt照片，删也不是不删也不是。
本科生和研究生们都表示，他们对大量的电子碎片感到不知所措：课堂讲义、ppt、论文pdf、上课拍的板书——更不用说他们自己不断膨胀的Facebook好友数量了，即便不认识也不敢删。
手机上的app越来越多，但每次整理都得下好一番决心，每一个app似乎都值得思虑再三——文件扫描软件需要吗？一年也没扫描过几个文件。这位网友的体会或许很多人有同感：
我的第一个主屏幕上布满了我每天都在使用的应用程序——脸书、Spotify、推特、Outlook、天气等。我的第二个主屏幕上有一些应用程序，我用的不多，但还是希望能随手取用——账单软件、购物软件、和智能家居软件。
我的第三个主屏幕就开始混乱失控了，有一堆游戏、工作和与商务相关的软件，另外还有一大堆杂七杂八的软件。我一直跟自己说，一定有一天我会用到这个特定的软件，但是这天从未到来，或者再也不会到来。
有研究把“赛博囤积者”们分成了四种：数据掌控者、数据失控者、无情打工人、emo有情人
“收集者[数据掌控者]”是有组织、有系统地控制着数据。“意外囤积者[数据失控者]”是无组织的，他们不知道自己拥有什么数据，也无法控制它。“听话的囤积者[无情打工人]”为公司保存数据。最后，“焦虑的囤积者[emo有情人]”与他们的数据有着强烈的情感联系，他们删除数据会很焦虑。
研究指出，不愿删除数据的囤积者大概是把这些东西“拟人化”了——怎么忍心让一个活物在回收站里被清空呢？
人们很抗拒处理掉自己珍视的数字财产——也许是因为人们把这些物件“拟人化”了，把无生命的物体当作了有思想和感情的东西来对待。
有些赛博回忆不是你主动囤积的，它们在开头提到的网购场景中不断提醒你：去过哪儿、关心过谁、他们的爱吃爱用物是什么……
这些算法里的生活踪迹实在是嵌入衣食住行，以至于手指滑动间，就可以经历若干次“睹物思人”。
有趣的是，软件常常想要猜出你喜欢买什么，但无心插柳，猜中的却是你满心牵挂的人。
hoard [hɔːrd] v 贮藏；囤积
sheer [ʃɪr] adj （用来强调事物的大小、程度、或数量）
miscellaneous [ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs] adj 混杂的；各种各样的
anthropomorphize [ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːˌfaɪz] v 拟人；赋予人性
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：陈月华、向静雅、丹妮） |
说到格言（aphorism /ˈæfərɪzəm/），大家脑中浮现的各种格言画风可能是这样的：
但实际上，历史上许多名人的格言除了简短精炼、发人深省，也不乏机智和嘲讽，今天就带大家来品味一些幽默风趣又嘲讽力max的格言警句。
The proof of good parenting: that the child has no desire to be famous.
受过良好教养的证明：孩子对出名没兴趣。
——F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) 美国作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德
The true indicator of a man’s character is the health of his wife.
一个男人的品性如何，从他妻子的健康程度就能看得出来。
——Cyril Connolly (1903-1974) 英国作家西里尔·康诺利
He that refuses praise the first time it is offered does it because he would like to hear it a second.
人第一次得到表扬时拒绝，是因为想再听一次。
——Francois De La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) 法国作家弗朗索瓦·德·拉罗什富科
The only people we can think of as normal are those we don’t yet know very well.
如果我们觉得还有人是正常人，那只是因为我们还不够了解他。
——Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) 奥地利精神分析学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德
Insomnia is the mind’s revenge for all the thoughts we forgot to have in the day.
失眠是大脑对我们白天所有忘记思考的事情的报复。
——Norman Mailer (1923-2007) 美国作家诺曼·梅勒
We keep a special place in our hearts for people who refuse to be impressed by us.
我们在心里为那些拒绝注意到我们的人保留了一个特殊的位置。
——Jean de La Bruyère (1645-1696) 法国作家拉布吕耶尔
Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else's opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation.
大多数人过着他人的生活，他们的思想是他人的观点，他们的生活是对他人的模仿，他们的热情都是引用来的。
——Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) 英国作家奥斯卡·王尔德
编辑：左卓
实习生：曾玲 | The proof of good parenting: that the child has no desire to be famous.
The true indicator of a man’s character is the health of his wife.
He that refuses praise the first time it is offered does it because he would like to hear it a second.
The only people we can think of as normal are those we don’t yet know very well.
Insomnia is the mind’s revenge for all the thoughts we forgot to have in the day.
We keep a special place in our hearts for people who refuse to be impressed by us.
Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else's opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation. | 说到格言（aphorism /ˈæfərɪzəm/），大家脑中浮现的各种格言画风可能是这样的：
但实际上，历史上许多名人的格言除了简短精炼、发人深省，也不乏机智和嘲讽，今天就带大家来品味一些幽默风趣又嘲讽力max的格言警句。
受过良好教养的证明：孩子对出名没兴趣。
——F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) 美国作家弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德
一个男人的品性如何，从他妻子的健康程度就能看得出来。
——Cyril Connolly (1903-1974) 英国作家西里尔·康诺利
人第一次得到表扬时拒绝，是因为想再听一次。
——Francois De La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) 法国作家弗朗索瓦·德·拉罗什富科
如果我们觉得还有人是正常人，那只是因为我们还不够了解他。
——Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) 奥地利精神分析学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德
失眠是大脑对我们白天所有忘记思考的事情的报复。
——Norman Mailer (1923-2007) 美国作家诺曼·梅勒
我们在心里为那些拒绝注意到我们的人保留了一个特殊的位置。
——Jean de La Bruyère (1645-1696) 法国作家拉布吕耶尔
大多数人过着他人的生活，他们的思想是他人的观点，他们的生活是对他人的模仿，他们的热情都是引用来的。
——Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) 英国作家奥斯卡·王尔德
编辑：左卓
实习生：曾玲 |
《剑桥词典》日前宣布，2021年度词汇是perseverance（毅力）。该词的当选得益于美国宇航局的火星探测器“毅力号”。《剑桥词典》的编辑认为，该词也反映出过去一年来人们面对新冠疫情和气候危机带来的挑战所展示出的耐力。
Wheel tread marks are left in the soil of Jezero Crater on Mars, as NASA's Mars rover Perseverance drives on Martian surface for the first time, on March 4, 2021. NASA/JPL-Caltech/Handout via REUTERS
Cambridge Dictionary’s word of the year for 2021 has been revealed as “perseverance”.
《剑桥词典》日前公布2021年度词汇为“毅力”。
The word was inspired by Nasa’s mission to Mars, as data showed that users across the globe searched for the word online more than 243,000 times throughout the year.
该词的当选得益于美国宇航局的火星任务，数据显示，全球用户从年初至今对“毅力”一词的网络搜索量超过了24.3万次。
The dictionary found there was a surge in searches for the meaning of “perseverance” between 18 and 24 February, after Nasa’s Perseverance Rover landed on Mars.
《剑桥词典》发现，在美国宇航局的“毅力号”探测器登陆火星后，2月18日至24日期间网友对“毅力”含义的搜索量激增。
"Perseverance” is defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as a “continued effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time”.
《剑桥词典》将“毅力”一词定义为“不断努力地做某事或实现某个目标，无论有多困难或需要花多长时间”。
The word is “almost always a positive word that expresses our admiration for people who keep going in difficult situations”, wrote the editors.
编辑写道，这个词“几乎总是正面的，用来对不怕困难坚持不懈的人表达敬佩之情”。
They added that people had shown the meaning of the word “in the face of challenges and disruption to our lives from Covid-19 and other problems”.
他们还表示，人们“面对疫情和其他问题给生活带来的挑战和挫折”展示出了“毅力”一词的内涵。
Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary publishing manager, said it “made sense” that searches for the word spiked after the descent of the Mars Rover.
《剑桥词典》的出版经理温达琳·尼克尔斯说，在火星探测器着陆后该词的搜索量暴增是“合理的”。
"Cambridge Dictionary is the top website in the world for learners of English, and perseverance is not a common word for students of English to have in their vocabulary," she said.
她说：“剑桥词典官网是世界一流的英语学习网站，很多英语学习者都不知道perseverance这个单词是什么意思。”
"We often see spikes in look-ups of words associated with current events when those words are less familiar."
“当时事新闻中出现不常见的单词时，通常会出现搜索量激增。”
She said editors felt it was an appropriate word for the year, given the challenges of 2021.
她表示，编辑们认为考虑到2021年的种种挑战，“毅力”很适合做年度词汇。
"Just as it takes perseverance to land a rover on Mars, it takes perseverance to face the challenges and disruption to our lives from Covid-19, climate disasters, political instability and conflict," said Nichols.
尼克尔斯说：“正如让探测器登陆火星需要不懈的努力，面对新冠疫情、气候灾难、政治动荡和冲突给我们生活带来的挑战和挫折也需要毅力。”
Other words that can be used as synonyms for “perseverance” include “determination”, “persistence”, “doggedness”, “tenacity”, “resolve”, and “will”.
Perseverance的同义词包括determination（决心）、persistence（坚持）、doggedness（顽强）、tenacity（坚韧）、resolve（决心）和will（意志）。
Last year, Cambridge Dictionary named “quarantine” as word of the year, after it became one of the most highly searched for words online.
去年，《剑桥词典》选出的年度词汇是“
隔离
”，该词是当年网络搜索量最高的词汇之一。
英文来源：独立报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Wheel tread marks are left in the soil of Jezero Crater on Mars, as NASA's Mars rover Perseverance drives on Martian surface for the first time, on March 4, 2021. NASA/JPL-Caltech/Handout via REUTERS
Cambridge Dictionary’s word of the year for 2021 has been revealed as “perseverance”.
The word was inspired by Nasa’s mission to Mars, as data showed that users across the globe searched for the word online more than 243,000 times throughout the year.
The dictionary found there was a surge in searches for the meaning of “perseverance” between 18 and 24 February, after Nasa’s Perseverance Rover landed on Mars.
"Perseverance” is defined in the Cambridge Dictionary as a “continued effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time”.
The word is “almost always a positive word that expresses our admiration for people who keep going in difficult situations”, wrote the editors.
They added that people had shown the meaning of the word “in the face of challenges and disruption to our lives from Covid-19 and other problems”.
Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary publishing manager, said it “made sense” that searches for the word spiked after the descent of the Mars Rover.
"Cambridge Dictionary is the top website in the world for learners of English, and perseverance is not a common word for students of English to have in their vocabulary," she said.
"We often see spikes in look-ups of words associated with current events when those words are less familiar."
She said editors felt it was an appropriate word for the year, given the challenges of 2021.
"Just as it takes perseverance to land a rover on Mars, it takes perseverance to face the challenges and disruption to our lives from Covid-19, climate disasters, political instability and conflict," said Nichols.
Other words that can be used as synonyms for “perseverance” include “determination”, “persistence”, “doggedness”, “tenacity”, “resolve”, and “will”.
Last year, Cambridge Dictionary named “quarantine” as word of the year, after it became one of the most highly searched for words online. | 《剑桥词典》日前宣布，2021年度词汇是perseverance（毅力）。该词的当选得益于美国宇航局的火星探测器“毅力号”。《剑桥词典》的编辑认为，该词也反映出过去一年来人们面对新冠疫情和气候危机带来的挑战所展示出的耐力。
《剑桥词典》日前公布2021年度词汇为“毅力”。
该词的当选得益于美国宇航局的火星任务，数据显示，全球用户从年初至今对“毅力”一词的网络搜索量超过了24.3万次。
《剑桥词典》发现，在美国宇航局的“毅力号”探测器登陆火星后，2月18日至24日期间网友对“毅力”含义的搜索量激增。
《剑桥词典》将“毅力”一词定义为“不断努力地做某事或实现某个目标，无论有多困难或需要花多长时间”。
编辑写道，这个词“几乎总是正面的，用来对不怕困难坚持不懈的人表达敬佩之情”。
他们还表示，人们“面对疫情和其他问题给生活带来的挑战和挫折”展示出了“毅力”一词的内涵。
《剑桥词典》的出版经理温达琳·尼克尔斯说，在火星探测器着陆后该词的搜索量暴增是“合理的”。
她说：“剑桥词典官网是世界一流的英语学习网站，很多英语学习者都不知道perseverance这个单词是什么意思。”
“当时事新闻中出现不常见的单词时，通常会出现搜索量激增。”
她表示，编辑们认为考虑到2021年的种种挑战，“毅力”很适合做年度词汇。
尼克尔斯说：“正如让探测器登陆火星需要不懈的努力，面对新冠疫情、气候灾难、政治动荡和冲突给我们生活带来的挑战和挫折也需要毅力。”
Perseverance的同义词包括determination（决心）、persistence（坚持）、doggedness（顽强）、tenacity（坚韧）、resolve（决心）和will（意志）。
去年，《剑桥词典》选出的年度词汇是“
隔离
”，该词是当年网络搜索量最高的词汇之一。
英文来源：独立报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
“帮不了国家什么大忙，遇到了就想着出点力。”
近日，一段浙大学生与销售蜜橘商家的聊天记录引发关注，话题冲上微博热搜第一！
据了解，浙江大学的肖同学在网店买橘子时，店主陈先生得知她是为了做科研，马上决定免费给肖同学寄一箱，说帮不了国家大忙，遇到了就出点力。
“Can oranges be used for experiments?” Chen asked the student during an online conversation.
陈先生在和肖同学线上沟通时问道：“橘子还能做实验的吗？”
After being told they could, he asked if the experiment was for the benefit of the country.
在被告知橘子也可用于科研后，陈先生询问这个实验是否是给国家做的。
“You could say so. We are graduate school students,” Xiao replied.
肖同学回答：“算是吧。我们是研究生。”
“To serve the country, I will donate one box to you … I can’t help our country a lot. Since I’ve encountered this opportunity, I will make my contribution,” wrote Chen.
陈先生回复：“给国家服务，我捐一箱给你们试试……帮不了国家什么大忙，遇到了就想着出点力。”
11月12日上午，陈先生寄出了第一箱约5公斤的蜜橘，了解到实验需要使用的橘子数量多达几百个，他又选了5箱10公斤的橘子寄出。
The next morning, Chen sent Xiao a box of oranges and then added five more boxes when he realized that she had said they needed oranges of different sizes for the experiment.
第二天一早，陈先生给肖同学送了一箱蜜橘，当了解到肖同学说他们需要不同大小的桔子做实验时，又加送了五箱。
陈先生赠送的蜜橘。图源：央视新闻
肖同学把这段经历发到了校内论坛，同学们也纷纷下单购买支持商家的生意。消息刷屏后，店主被送
“最美卖橘人”
称号，浙大校友更是前来
“野性消费”
。
After receiving the fruit she released her online chat with the farmer on her school’s internal website. On the next day, touched by the kindness of Chen, many students flocked to his online shop to buy oranges.
收到水果后，她在学校内部网站上发布了她与这位果农的聊天记录。第二天，许多学生被陈的好意所感动，涌向他的网店去买桔子。
聊天截图被转发到了其它平台，这家蜜橘网店也引起了大众的关注。为了避免店主感到疑惑，肖小娥还专程给陈先生留言解释：
The donation story was picked up by local news outlets over the weekend. It has since been viewed 590 million times on Weibo.
当地新闻媒体在上周末报道了这个捐赠事件。此后，该话题在微博上的浏览量已达5.9亿次。
网友纷纷为友善的大学生和朴实的陈老板点赞：“暖心遇到了暖心”，“最好的国家，最好的人民”。
目前，店主陈先生和下单的肖同学都找到了！这件事还有后续……
11月14日，浙江临海文明办的工作人员赶到了临海涌泉镇西柯岙村为陈凯颁发“周周正能量奖”。95后陈凯正是这家网店的店主。
图源：钱江晚报
陈凯开的这家网店只有他和妻子在打理，家里人一起打包、发货。如今，大量的订单让陈凯的网店爆单，“我觉得我的电脑要爆炸了。”
Chen said he could not have predicted the result as the enthusiasm from internet users was beyond his imagination.
陈凯表示，他完全没有想到事情的结果是这样，网友的热情超出了他的想象。
Chen has had to deal with more than 15,000 online orders per day, previously the number of daily orders at his shop on Chinese e-commerce platform Pinduoduo was fewer than 100, the
Zhejiang Daily
reported.
据《浙江日报》报道，陈先生每天要处理15000多份网上订单，此前他在国内电商平台拼多多的店铺每日订单数量不到100份。
陈凯表示，自己的橘子已经不够卖了，所以他决定转为给村民们“带货”。陈凯希望借着这波热度，可以帮邻里乡亲推销掉大量的橘子，减轻销售压力。
Chen said with the rising demand, he is selling oranges not only from his own farm, but also from farms nearby.
陈凯说，随着需求的增加，他不仅卖自己家的橘子，而且还帮附近的农场卖橘子。
图源：台州交通广播
被点赞“格局大”的同时，陈凯提醒大家要理性消费，如果不是真的喜欢吃橘子，真的不需要买，已经感受到网友的诚意和肯定，万分感谢。
“You don’t need to buy oranges from my shop. I will be moved even if you just say ‘hi’ to me.It’s important to consume rationally.”
“真的没有必要下单，你们的留言就让我很感动。请一定要理性消费。”
此外，临海市政府还准备了另一张“周周正能量奖”的证书，“这张证书我们颁发给浙大的学生，感谢他们这种‘滴水之恩涌泉相报’的精神。”奖状将通过邮递的方式寄往杭州。
图源：钱江晚报
据了解，肖同学是浙江大学农业与生物技术学院植物病理学专业博士研究生肖小娥，当时是“要把从柑橘上分离到的真菌接种在柑橘果实上，观察柑橘是否会发病”，所以才问了店家比较多的细节。
Xiao, a PhD candidate from the College of Agriculture and Biotechnology at Zhejiang University, later told the newspaper that she and her fellow classmates were conducting experiments on diseases affecting oranges.
肖小娥是浙江大学农业与生物技术学院的博士研究生，她随后向《浙江日报》表示，自己正在和同学做实验，研究影响柑橘的疾病。
据媒体报道，肖小娥是浙大李红叶教授团队的一员。李红叶研究团队发表SCI收录论文70余篇，为全国的柑橘产业发展提供了大量技术、服务和设备支持，为国家柑橘产业发展和植物检疫做出了重要贡献。而李红叶教授是国家柑橘产业技术体系岗位科学家，已为中国柑橘事业坚守20年。
有网友写下这样一条评论：
每个人都做好自己的“小事”，橘子越来越甜，爱和奉献成了流动的循环。
综合来源：中国青年报，South China Morning Post，浙江日报，钱江晚报
编辑：董静 | “Can oranges be used for experiments?” Chen asked the student during an online conversation.
After being told they could, he asked if the experiment was for the benefit of the country.
“You could say so. We are graduate school students,” Xiao replied.
“To serve the country, I will donate one box to you … I can’t help our country a lot. Since I’ve encountered this opportunity, I will make my contribution,” wrote Chen.
The next morning, Chen sent Xiao a box of oranges and then added five more boxes when he realized that she had said they needed oranges of different sizes for the experiment.
。
After receiving the fruit she released her online chat with the farmer on her school’s internal website. On the next day, touched by the kindness of Chen, many students flocked to his online shop to buy oranges.
The donation story was picked up by local news outlets over the weekend. It has since been viewed 590 million times on Weibo.
Chen said he could not have predicted the result as the enthusiasm from internet users was beyond his imagination.
Chen has had to deal with more than 15,000 online orders per day, previously the number of daily orders at his shop on Chinese e-commerce platform Pinduoduo was fewer than 100, the
Zhejiang Daily
reported.
Chen said with the rising demand, he is selling oranges not only from his own farm, but also from farms nearby.
“You don’t need to buy oranges from my shop. I will be moved even if you just say ‘hi’ to me.It’s important to consume rationally.”
Xiao, a PhD candidate from the College of Agriculture and Biotechnology at Zhejiang University, later told the newspaper that she and her fellow classmates were conducting experiments on diseases affecting oranges. | “帮不了国家什么大忙，遇到了就想着出点力。”
近日，一段浙大学生与销售蜜橘商家的聊天记录引发关注，话题冲上微博热搜第一！
据了解，浙江大学的肖同学在网店买橘子时，店主陈先生得知她是为了做科研，马上决定免费给肖同学寄一箱，说帮不了国家大忙，遇到了就出点力。
陈先生在和肖同学线上沟通时问道：“橘子还能做实验的吗？”
在被告知橘子也可用于科研后，陈先生询问这个实验是否是给国家做的。
肖同学回答：“算是吧。我们是研究生。”
陈先生回复：“给国家服务，我捐一箱给你们试试……帮不了国家什么大忙，遇到了就想着出点力。”
11月12日上午，陈先生寄出了第一箱约5公斤的蜜橘，了解到实验需要使用的橘子数量多达几百个，他又选了5箱10公斤的橘子寄出。
第二天一早，陈先生给肖同学送了一箱蜜橘，当了解到肖同学说他们需要不同大小的桔子做实验时，又加送了五箱。
陈先生赠送的蜜橘。图源：央视新闻
肖同学把这段经历发到了校内论坛，同学们也纷纷下单购买支持商家的生意。消息刷屏后，店主被送
“最美卖橘人”
称号，浙大校友更是前来
“野性消费”
收到水果后，她在学校内部网站上发布了她与这位果农的聊天记录。第二天，许多学生被陈的好意所感动，涌向他的网店去买桔子。
聊天截图被转发到了其它平台，这家蜜橘网店也引起了大众的关注。为了避免店主感到疑惑，肖小娥还专程给陈先生留言解释：
当地新闻媒体在上周末报道了这个捐赠事件。此后，该话题在微博上的浏览量已达5.9亿次。
网友纷纷为友善的大学生和朴实的陈老板点赞：“暖心遇到了暖心”，“最好的国家，最好的人民”。
目前，店主陈先生和下单的肖同学都找到了！这件事还有后续……
11月14日，浙江临海文明办的工作人员赶到了临海涌泉镇西柯岙村为陈凯颁发“周周正能量奖”。95后陈凯正是这家网店的店主。
图源：钱江晚报
陈凯开的这家网店只有他和妻子在打理，家里人一起打包、发货。如今，大量的订单让陈凯的网店爆单，“我觉得我的电脑要爆炸了。”
陈凯表示，他完全没有想到事情的结果是这样，网友的热情超出了他的想象。
据《浙江日报》报道，陈先生每天要处理15000多份网上订单，此前他在国内电商平台拼多多的店铺每日订单数量不到100份。
陈凯表示，自己的橘子已经不够卖了，所以他决定转为给村民们“带货”。陈凯希望借着这波热度，可以帮邻里乡亲推销掉大量的橘子，减轻销售压力。
陈凯说，随着需求的增加，他不仅卖自己家的橘子，而且还帮附近的农场卖橘子。
图源：台州交通广播
被点赞“格局大”的同时，陈凯提醒大家要理性消费，如果不是真的喜欢吃橘子，真的不需要买，已经感受到网友的诚意和肯定，万分感谢。
“真的没有必要下单，你们的留言就让我很感动。请一定要理性消费。”
此外，临海市政府还准备了另一张“周周正能量奖”的证书，“这张证书我们颁发给浙大的学生，感谢他们这种‘滴水之恩涌泉相报’的精神。”奖状将通过邮递的方式寄往杭州。
图源：钱江晚报
据了解，肖同学是浙江大学农业与生物技术学院植物病理学专业博士研究生肖小娥，当时是“要把从柑橘上分离到的真菌接种在柑橘果实上，观察柑橘是否会发病”，所以才问了店家比较多的细节。
肖小娥是浙江大学农业与生物技术学院的博士研究生，她随后向《浙江日报》表示，自己正在和同学做实验，研究影响柑橘的疾病。
据媒体报道，肖小娥是浙大李红叶教授团队的一员。李红叶研究团队发表SCI收录论文70余篇，为全国的柑橘产业发展提供了大量技术、服务和设备支持，为国家柑橘产业发展和植物检疫做出了重要贡献。而李红叶教授是国家柑橘产业技术体系岗位科学家，已为中国柑橘事业坚守20年。
有网友写下这样一条评论：
每个人都做好自己的“小事”，橘子越来越甜，爱和奉献成了流动的循环。
综合来源：中国青年报，South China Morning Post，浙江日报，钱江晚报
编辑：董静 |
疫情的来袭让很多人不敢在飞机上吃东西，改为在乘机前进食。专家指出，乘机前不能乱吃东西，否则后果很严重。来看看哪些食物上了“黑名单”。
[Photo/Pexels]
Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are understandably less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport.
过去在飞机上吃东西很正常。但是在新冠疫情期间，许多乘客都不愿在飞行途中摘下口罩进食，甚至不愿在机场吃零食，这也是可以理解的。
As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created equal.
因此现在人们一般在家吃完东西再去乘机。长途旅客甚至会大吃一顿，这样一整天都不会饿。不过，不要以为乘机前吃什么都一样。
Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink.
纽约市注册营养师特蕾西·洛克伍德·贝克曼说，在为乘机旅行做准备，包括摄入饮食的时候，应该考虑自己的整体健康状况。
"Immune systems are tested, digestive systems are thrown off and hydration takes a hit,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s so important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying.”
贝克曼说：“免疫系统会受到考验，消化功能会减退，还会出现水分流失。这就是为什么飞行前摄入一些能够增强免疫系统、补充水分并且好消化的食物很重要。”
So, which foods are best avoided on a day when you’re traveling by plane?
那么在乘机旅行前最好避免摄入什么食物呢？
高钠食物
"It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the cabin,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a sodium-laden meal the day before or morning of your flight.”
贝克曼说：“由于机舱内湿度不够、空气干燥，在坐飞机时感到缺水很常见。因此在坐飞机前一天或当天早上吃高钠食物并不是明智之举。”
Beckerman advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt and consuming more fresh foods to avoid dehydration-related headaches, constipation and fatigue.
贝克曼建议减少盐的摄入，选择一些不添加盐的零食，多吃新鲜食物，以避免缺水引发的头痛、便秘和疲劳。
碳酸饮料
"Because flying may cause some folks to feel bloated or extra gassy, thanks to the changes in cabin pressure, it’s wise to avoid anything with carbonation beforehand, like seltzers, sodas or kombucha,” Beckerman said.
贝克曼说：“因为机舱内气压的变化，飞行途中有些人可能会出现水肿或胀气，因此在飞行前不要喝气泡矿泉水、苏打水或甜汽水等碳酸饮料。”
She noted that these bubbly beverages can worsen digestive air pockets, causing you to feel “extra belchy, bloated or gassy” during your flight.
她指出，这些气泡饮料会加重胃胀气，让你在飞行途中“特别想打嗝、放屁或感觉肚子很胀”。
酒
"Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low barometric pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen concentration in blood,” Jonathan Valdez, media spokesperson for the New York State Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, said. “Therefore you are more likely to get inebriated faster and urinate frequently.”
纽约州营养和饮食学会的媒体发言人乔纳森·瓦尔迪兹说：“饮酒往往会导致脱水，而且与在地面上饮酒相比，由于机舱内气压低，血液中氧气浓度降低，在飞机上饮酒对身体会产生不同的影响。你会更容易喝醉，而且会频繁地上厕所。”
[Photo/Pexels]
容易胀气的食物
"Certain foods such as onions, asparagus, beans, cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts can contribute to intestinal gas and bloating because we do not have the necessary enzymes to digest certain carbohydrates known as FODMAPs found in these foods,” Valdez said.
瓦尔迪兹指出：“洋葱、芦笋、豆子、卷心菜、花椰菜和球芽甘蓝等特定食物会引发肠胃胀气，因为我们体内没有消化这些食物中的FODMAP碳水化合物所需的酶。”
"This, along with a gas expansion that happens inside your stomach and intestines during flight elevation, can lead to uncomfortable gas and flatulence,” he added.
他说道：“高空飞行本来就会导致肠胃内的气体膨胀，而这些食物则会加剧不适的胀气症状。”
咖啡
"A cup of joe can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment,” Valdez said, adding that coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom.
瓦尔迪兹说：“一杯咖啡会让你在本就干燥的环境中更加缺水。”他补充道，咖啡还有轻微的利尿效果，导致你更频繁地上厕所。
Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also interfere with your ability to doze during your travels.
除了脱水效果外，咖啡中所含的咖啡因还会让你在飞行途中保持清醒，让你失去补眠的机会。频繁上厕所也会妨碍你在旅途中打盹。
超加工食品
If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to steer clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly processed snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could unsettle your digestive system.
如果你肠胃敏感，你应该避免吃那些影响消化功能的东西，包括糖果、快餐等超加工零食，这种食品通常含有扰乱消化系统的配料。
在乘飞机前吃什么最好？
As Valdez said: “A balanced meal that satisfies your thirst with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and low in added sugars and sodium is ideal.”
正如瓦尔迪兹所说：“乘机前的理想一餐是包含解渴的水和补充水分的水果、适量的复合碳水化合物和精益蛋白质在内的平衡膳食，最好是低糖少盐。”
英文来源：赫芬顿邮报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Eating on a plane used to be common practice. But in the age of COVID-19, many passengers are understandably less inclined to remove their masks to take a mid-flight bite ― or to even have a snack at the airport.
As a result, it’s more common to eat at home before embarking on a flight. Those with longer travel journeys may even eat a large meal to carry them through the day. Still, not all preflight eats are created equal.
Tracy Lockwood Beckerman, a registered dietitian based in New York City, said it’s worth considering your overall health as you prep for travel, including what you eat and drink.
"Immune systems are tested, digestive systems are thrown off and hydration takes a hit,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s so important to eat foods that will keep your immune system strong, keep you hydrated and are easily digested before flying.”
So, which foods are best avoided on a day when you’re traveling by plane?
"It’s super common for dehydration to set in when flying, thanks to the lack of humidity and dry air in the cabin,” Beckerman said. “That’s why it’s not the smartest to have a sodium-laden meal the day before or morning of your flight.”
Beckerman advised going easy on the salt shaker, opting for snacks without added salt and consuming more fresh foods to avoid dehydration-related headaches, constipation and fatigue.
"Because flying may cause some folks to feel bloated or extra gassy, thanks to the changes in cabin pressure, it’s wise to avoid anything with carbonation beforehand, like seltzers, sodas or kombucha,” Beckerman said.
She noted that these bubbly beverages can worsen digestive air pockets, causing you to feel “extra belchy, bloated or gassy” during your flight.
"Alcohol consumption tends to cause dehydration and has a different effect on the body than if you were to have a drink at ground level due to the low barometric pressure in the cabin and the low oxygen concentration in blood,” Jonathan Valdez, media spokesperson for the New York State Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, said. “Therefore you are more likely to get inebriated faster and urinate frequently.”
[Photo/Pexels]
"Certain foods such as onions, asparagus, beans, cabbage, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts can contribute to intestinal gas and bloating because we do not have the necessary enzymes to digest certain carbohydrates known as FODMAPs found in these foods,” Valdez said.
"This, along with a gas expansion that happens inside your stomach and intestines during flight elevation, can lead to uncomfortable gas and flatulence,” he added.
"A cup of joe can leave you dehydrated in an already dry environment,” Valdez said, adding that coffee also has a mild diuretic effect, which can lead to more frequent trips to the bathroom.
Beyond the dehydrating effects, caffeine can also keep you awake during a flight, which is often an opportunity to catch up on sleep. The need for more frequent bathroom visits can also interfere with your ability to doze during your travels.
If you have a sensitive stomach, you might want to steer clear of foods that can mess with your digestion. That includes highly processed snacks like candy and fast food, which often contain ingredients that could unsettle your digestive system.
As Valdez said: “A balanced meal that satisfies your thirst with water and hydrating fruits contains moderate amounts of complex carbohydrates and lean protein, and low in added sugars and sodium is ideal.” | 疫情的来袭让很多人不敢在飞机上吃东西，改为在乘机前进食。专家指出，乘机前不能乱吃东西，否则后果很严重。来看看哪些食物上了“黑名单”。
过去在飞机上吃东西很正常。但是在新冠疫情期间，许多乘客都不愿在飞行途中摘下口罩进食，甚至不愿在机场吃零食，这也是可以理解的。
因此现在人们一般在家吃完东西再去乘机。长途旅客甚至会大吃一顿，这样一整天都不会饿。不过，不要以为乘机前吃什么都一样。
纽约市注册营养师特蕾西·洛克伍德·贝克曼说，在为乘机旅行做准备，包括摄入饮食的时候，应该考虑自己的整体健康状况。
贝克曼说：“免疫系统会受到考验，消化功能会减退，还会出现水分流失。这就是为什么飞行前摄入一些能够增强免疫系统、补充水分并且好消化的食物很重要。”
那么在乘机旅行前最好避免摄入什么食物呢？
高钠食物
贝克曼说：“由于机舱内湿度不够、空气干燥，在坐飞机时感到缺水很常见。因此在坐飞机前一天或当天早上吃高钠食物并不是明智之举。”
贝克曼建议减少盐的摄入，选择一些不添加盐的零食，多吃新鲜食物，以避免缺水引发的头痛、便秘和疲劳。
碳酸饮料
贝克曼说：“因为机舱内气压的变化，飞行途中有些人可能会出现水肿或胀气，因此在飞行前不要喝气泡矿泉水、苏打水或甜汽水等碳酸饮料。”
她指出，这些气泡饮料会加重胃胀气，让你在飞行途中“特别想打嗝、放屁或感觉肚子很胀”。
酒
纽约州营养和饮食学会的媒体发言人乔纳森·瓦尔迪兹说：“饮酒往往会导致脱水，而且与在地面上饮酒相比，由于机舱内气压低，血液中氧气浓度降低，在飞机上饮酒对身体会产生不同的影响。你会更容易喝醉，而且会频繁地上厕所。”
容易胀气的食物
瓦尔迪兹指出：“洋葱、芦笋、豆子、卷心菜、花椰菜和球芽甘蓝等特定食物会引发肠胃胀气，因为我们体内没有消化这些食物中的FODMAP碳水化合物所需的酶。”
他说道：“高空飞行本来就会导致肠胃内的气体膨胀，而这些食物则会加剧不适的胀气症状。”
咖啡
瓦尔迪兹说：“一杯咖啡会让你在本就干燥的环境中更加缺水。”他补充道，咖啡还有轻微的利尿效果，导致你更频繁地上厕所。
除了脱水效果外，咖啡中所含的咖啡因还会让你在飞行途中保持清醒，让你失去补眠的机会。频繁上厕所也会妨碍你在旅途中打盹。
超加工食品
如果你肠胃敏感，你应该避免吃那些影响消化功能的东西，包括糖果、快餐等超加工零食，这种食品通常含有扰乱消化系统的配料。
在乘飞机前吃什么最好？
正如瓦尔迪兹所说：“乘机前的理想一餐是包含解渴的水和补充水分的水果、适量的复合碳水化合物和精益蛋白质在内的平衡膳食，最好是低糖少盐。”
英文来源：赫芬顿邮报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
《哈利·波特》主演要重聚了。HBO Max宣布，为了纪念《哈利·波特》系列影片上映20周年，将推出特辑《回到霍格沃茨》，明年1月1日上线。包括三名主演在内的多名演员将重聚，与影迷一起回忆《哈利·波特》的故事。
[Photo/HBO Max]
When the clock strikes midnight on New Year’s Eve, 2022 will bring with it the HBO Max premiere of
Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts.
The retrospective special will feature stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson joining director Chris Columbus for a celebration of the beloved franchise.
当迎接2022年新年的钟声敲响时，《哈利·波特20周年纪念：重返霍格沃茨》将在HBO Max首映。回顾特辑将邀请丹尼尔·雷德克里夫、鲁伯特·格林特和艾玛·沃森等明星与导演克里斯·哥伦布携手，共同为这部深受喜爱的系列电影举行庆祝活动。
The special will recap the creation of the eight-film series through in-depth interviews and conversations with the cast. It marks the first official reunion since
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
brought the film series to a close in 2011.
这个特别节目将通过深入访谈和与演员对话，重温八部电影的创作过程。这是该系列电影最后一部《哈利·波特与死亡圣器（下）》2011年上映以来的首次官方重聚。
While Radcliffe, Grint and Watson lead the
Return to Hogwarts
hype, what sends the reunion over the edge is the return of iconic cast members like Helena Bonham Carter, Robbie Coltrane, Ralph Fiennes, Jason Isaacs, Gary Oldman, Imelda Staunton and Tom Felton who made up the thread that held the Harry Potter films together.
虽然雷德克里夫、格林特和沃森是《重返霍格沃茨》的宣传重点，但让这场重聚令人疯狂的是海伦娜·邦汉·卡特、罗比·科尔特兰、拉尔夫·费恩斯、杰森·艾萨克斯、加里·奥德曼、伊梅尔达·斯汤顿和汤姆·费尔顿等标志性演员的回归，他们共同构成了哈利·波特电影的主线。
“There’s magic in the air here with this incredible cast, as they all return home to the original sets of Hogwarts, where they began 20 years ago,” executive producer Casey Patterson said in a statement. “The excitement is palpable as they prepare to take their fans on a very special and personal journey, through the making of these incredible films.”
执行制片人凯西·帕特森在一份声明中称：“这个强大的演员阵容让这部特辑充满了魔力，他们都回到了最初的霍格沃茨，这是他们20年前出发的地方。当他们准备通过拍摄不可思议的特辑影片带着影迷们踏上一段特殊而个性化的旅程时，激动之情显而易见。”
11月16日，《哈利·波特》赫敏扮演者艾玛·沃森通过社交媒体分享了旧照，并发文庆祝《哈利·波特与魔法石》上映20周年。此外，她也感谢了一路支持的影迷，并宣布自己也将回归《重返霍格沃茨》。
“
Harry Potter
was my home, my family, my world and Hermione (still is) my favorite fictional character of all time,” Watson wrote Tuesday on Instagram."I think a journalist once said it was irritating how many times during an interview I mentioned how lucky I was and started counting… BUT I DAMN WELL KNEW!!! And still know."
沃森11月16日在Instagram上写道：“《哈利·波特》是我的家，我的家人，我的世界，赫敏（仍然）是我最喜欢的虚构人物。曾经有一个记者说起过：我在一次采访中提到‘我多么幸运’的次数太多很烦人，还开始数有多少次。我当然知道啊！到现在我也很清楚这一点。”
“I am proud not just of what we as [a] group contributed as actors to the franchise but also as the children that became young adults that walked that path. I look at my fellow cast members now and I am just so proud of who everyone has become as people. I am proud we were kind to each other that we supported one another and that we held up something meaningful.”
“让我感到骄傲的不仅是我们以演员的身份参与该系列电影，在孩童时加入并在出演的过程中长大成人也让我倍感骄傲。我看着一起拍片的同伴们，为他们如今一个个长大成才感到十分骄傲：我们对彼此友善，互相支持，一起做了有意义的事情。”
"Thank you to the fans that have continued to show their support well after the last chapter closed. The magic of the world wouldn’t exist without you. Thank you for fighting to make it such an inclusive and loving place," Watson added. "I still miss the crew who made these films all the time. Thank you for all of your hard work too — I know your contributions sometimes get overlooked."
她还写道：“感谢粉丝们在电影完结后依然支持着我们。没有你们，魔法世界就不会存在。谢谢你们的努力让它成为了一个包容、充满爱意的世界。我也很想念剧组工作人员。谢谢你们的辛勤工作，我知道你们的付出有时会被忽视。”
来源：Rolling Stone
编辑：董静 | [Photo/HBO Max]
When the clock strikes midnight on New Year’s Eve, 2022 will bring with it the HBO Max premiere of
Harry Potter 20th Anniversary: Return to Hogwarts.
The retrospective special will feature stars Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson joining director Chris Columbus for a celebration of the beloved franchise.
The special will recap the creation of the eight-film series through in-depth interviews and conversations with the cast. It marks the first official reunion since
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2
brought the film series to a close in 2011.
While Radcliffe, Grint and Watson lead the
Return to Hogwarts
hype, what sends the reunion over the edge is the return of iconic cast members like Helena Bonham Carter, Robbie Coltrane, Ralph Fiennes, Jason Isaacs, Gary Oldman, Imelda Staunton and Tom Felton who made up the thread that held the Harry Potter films together.
“There’s magic in the air here with this incredible cast, as they all return home to the original sets of Hogwarts, where they began 20 years ago,” executive producer Casey Patterson said in a statement. “The excitement is palpable as they prepare to take their fans on a very special and personal journey, through the making of these incredible films.”
“
Harry Potter
was my home, my family, my world and Hermione (still is) my favorite fictional character of all time,” Watson wrote Tuesday on Instagram."I think a journalist once said it was irritating how many times during an interview I mentioned how lucky I was and started counting… BUT I DAMN WELL KNEW!!! And still know."
“I am proud not just of what we as [a] group contributed as actors to the franchise but also as the children that became young adults that walked that path. I look at my fellow cast members now and I am just so proud of who everyone has become as people. I am proud we were kind to each other that we supported one another and that we held up something meaningful.”
"Thank you to the fans that have continued to show their support well after the last chapter closed. The magic of the world wouldn’t exist without you. Thank you for fighting to make it such an inclusive and loving place," Watson added. "I still miss the crew who made these films all the time. Thank you for all of your hard work too — I know your contributions sometimes get overlooked." | 《哈利·波特》主演要重聚了。HBO Max宣布，为了纪念《哈利·波特》系列影片上映20周年，将推出特辑《回到霍格沃茨》，明年1月1日上线。包括三名主演在内的多名演员将重聚，与影迷一起回忆《哈利·波特》的故事。
当迎接2022年新年的钟声敲响时，《哈利·波特20周年纪念：重返霍格沃茨》将在HBO Max首映。回顾特辑将邀请丹尼尔·雷德克里夫、鲁伯特·格林特和艾玛·沃森等明星与导演克里斯·哥伦布携手，共同为这部深受喜爱的系列电影举行庆祝活动。
这个特别节目将通过深入访谈和与演员对话，重温八部电影的创作过程。这是该系列电影最后一部《哈利·波特与死亡圣器（下）》2011年上映以来的首次官方重聚。
虽然雷德克里夫、格林特和沃森是《重返霍格沃茨》的宣传重点，但让这场重聚令人疯狂的是海伦娜·邦汉·卡特、罗比·科尔特兰、拉尔夫·费恩斯、杰森·艾萨克斯、加里·奥德曼、伊梅尔达·斯汤顿和汤姆·费尔顿等标志性演员的回归，他们共同构成了哈利·波特电影的主线。
执行制片人凯西·帕特森在一份声明中称：“这个强大的演员阵容让这部特辑充满了魔力，他们都回到了最初的霍格沃茨，这是他们20年前出发的地方。当他们准备通过拍摄不可思议的特辑影片带着影迷们踏上一段特殊而个性化的旅程时，激动之情显而易见。”
11月16日，《哈利·波特》赫敏扮演者艾玛·沃森通过社交媒体分享了旧照，并发文庆祝《哈利·波特与魔法石》上映20周年。此外，她也感谢了一路支持的影迷，并宣布自己也将回归《重返霍格沃茨》。
沃森11月16日在Instagram上写道：“《哈利·波特》是我的家，我的家人，我的世界，赫敏（仍然）是我最喜欢的虚构人物。曾经有一个记者说起过：我在一次采访中提到‘我多么幸运’的次数太多很烦人，还开始数有多少次。我当然知道啊！到现在我也很清楚这一点。”
“让我感到骄傲的不仅是我们以演员的身份参与该系列电影，在孩童时加入并在出演的过程中长大成人也让我倍感骄傲。我看着一起拍片的同伴们，为他们如今一个个长大成才感到十分骄傲：我们对彼此友善，互相支持，一起做了有意义的事情。”
她还写道：“感谢粉丝们在电影完结后依然支持着我们。没有你们，魔法世界就不会存在。谢谢你们的努力让它成为了一个包容、充满爱意的世界。我也很想念剧组工作人员。谢谢你们的辛勤工作，我知道你们的付出有时会被忽视。”
来源：Rolling Stone
编辑：董静 |
有“战斗民族”之称的俄罗斯近日开发出了一款带有战斗机气味的香水，这款香水拥有战斗机驾驶舱的玻璃、金属和皮革的气味。
据报道，这款香水是专门为第五代“将军”战斗机在2021年迪拜航展上的国际首展而研制。香水瓶采用黑色象棋马的形状，也是战机的象征之一。
The black 50ml perfume bottle is shaped like a knight chess piece. Credit: Rostec
Russia has unveiled what could be the world’s most macho scent, complete with notes of metal, leather and exhaust fumes from its cutting-edge stealth fighter jet.
俄罗斯近日推出的一款香水拥有俄罗斯先进隐形战机的金属、皮革和尾气的味道，这可能是全世界最具阳刚之气的香水。
The country’s perfume guild dedicated its latest scent to the fifth-generation Sukhoi fighter dubbed “The Checkmate,” according to Russia’s industrial conglomerate Rostec. Russia announced construction of the AI-powered multi-target jet’s prototype over the weekend.
俄罗斯国家技术集团宣称，俄罗斯化妆品制造商协会将这款新香水敬献给绰号为“将军”的第五代苏霍伊战机。上周末，俄罗斯宣布已成功研制出这架以人工智能为动力、可同时攻击多目标的战斗机样机。
The Russian alchemists took “original samples of the aircraft’s metal alloy, glass and leather trim and combined it with light shades of juniper, patchouli and oak moss,” the state-run RIA Novosti news agency quoted Rostec as saying.
俄罗斯新闻社援引俄罗斯国家技术集团的话称，俄罗斯调香师采用了“战斗机的金属合金、玻璃和皮革配件的原始样品，并融入了杜松、广藿香和橡苔淡淡的味道”。
"The five main scents were brought together thanks to the technogenic accord of the perfume,” Rostec said.
俄罗斯国家技术集团称：“这五种主要气味通过香水制作工艺融合在一起。”
The black 50ml perfume bottle is shaped like a knight chess piece and comes in a chessboard-style box — all in reference to the jet’s nickname.
50毫升装的黑色香水瓶采用了象棋马的形状，包装盒也是棋盘样式的，与苏霍伊战机的绰号相呼应。
So far, only visitors to the Dubai Airshow 2021 have experienced the limited edition new aroma, and Rostec has not announced plans to enter the scent into mass circulation.
迄今为止，只有参观过2021年迪拜航展的人有机会体验一把这款限量版新香水，俄罗斯国家技术集团也没有宣布大批量生产这款香水的计划。
英文来源：莫斯科时报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | The black 50ml perfume bottle is shaped like a knight chess piece. Credit: Rostec
Russia has unveiled what could be the world’s most macho scent, complete with notes of metal, leather and exhaust fumes from its cutting-edge stealth fighter jet.
The country’s perfume guild dedicated its latest scent to the fifth-generation Sukhoi fighter dubbed “The Checkmate,” according to Russia’s industrial conglomerate Rostec. Russia announced construction of the AI-powered multi-target jet’s prototype over the weekend.
The Russian alchemists took “original samples of the aircraft’s metal alloy, glass and leather trim and combined it with light shades of juniper, patchouli and oak moss,” the state-run RIA Novosti news agency quoted Rostec as saying.
"The five main scents were brought together thanks to the technogenic accord of the perfume,” Rostec said.
The black 50ml perfume bottle is shaped like a knight chess piece and comes in a chessboard-style box — all in reference to the jet’s nickname.
So far, only visitors to the Dubai Airshow 2021 have experienced the limited edition new aroma, and Rostec has not announced plans to enter the scent into mass circulation. | 有“战斗民族”之称的俄罗斯近日开发出了一款带有战斗机气味的香水，这款香水拥有战斗机驾驶舱的玻璃、金属和皮革的气味。
据报道，这款香水是专门为第五代“将军”战斗机在2021年迪拜航展上的国际首展而研制。香水瓶采用黑色象棋马的形状，也是战机的象征之一。
俄罗斯近日推出的一款香水拥有俄罗斯先进隐形战机的金属、皮革和尾气的味道，这可能是全世界最具阳刚之气的香水。
俄罗斯国家技术集团宣称，俄罗斯化妆品制造商协会将这款新香水敬献给绰号为“将军”的第五代苏霍伊战机。上周末，俄罗斯宣布已成功研制出这架以人工智能为动力、可同时攻击多目标的战斗机样机。
俄罗斯新闻社援引俄罗斯国家技术集团的话称，俄罗斯调香师采用了“战斗机的金属合金、玻璃和皮革配件的原始样品，并融入了杜松、广藿香和橡苔淡淡的味道”。
俄罗斯国家技术集团称：“这五种主要气味通过香水制作工艺融合在一起。”
50毫升装的黑色香水瓶采用了象棋马的形状，包装盒也是棋盘样式的，与苏霍伊战机的绰号相呼应。
迄今为止，只有参观过2021年迪拜航展的人有机会体验一把这款限量版新香水，俄罗斯国家技术集团也没有宣布大批量生产这款香水的计划。
英文来源：莫斯科时报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
有人说，孩子是天生的哲学家。他们懵懂天真，总在不经意间用最浅显的语言给出最深刻的答案。他们童言无忌，“幼稚”的话语中带着人生的哲理。下面就跟随这些小小哲学家的智慧语录，回归童真，感受孩子们眼中的世界吧。
[Photo/Pexels]
我的身体里有太多拥抱，我得把它们送出去。
原来我的阿姨就是我妈妈的妹妹，世界真小啊。
只要是早上吃的蛋糕都是早餐蛋糕。
谢谢我的老师，他们教会了我和父母吵架的单词。
我有四种模式：开心，非常开心，生气和霹雳舞模式。
我虚构的朋友中有15个是狗狗。
“晚安阿彻，我爱你胜过星星月亮。”
“晚安妈妈，我爱你比爱爸爸还多。”
妈妈我做到了！我再也不需要你了，但我的心不行，我的心还需要你。
长大意味着你要照看自己。
你的问题太多了，我的大脑已经关门了。
我要和威廉结婚。他很有趣，这对婚姻很重要。
真希望我是那边那个枕头，那才是人生。
我想要一次真正的约会，和某个人用两根吸管一起喝一杯奶昔。
我不要再打扫了。我又不是灰姑娘。
假装我对人过敏，接下来一整天我都不和任何人说话，你觉得怎么样？
我很难过，因为我不小心让你伤心了，现在我也伤心了，但我不知道怎么治好心伤。
你知道吗，如果你没有女朋友，你可以和拖把跳舞。
要是我太兴奋，肚子里的蝴蝶跑出来了，该怎么办？
我不想当大人，因为那样我就得工作，没有一点快乐。
来源：Bored panda
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Pexels] | 有人说，孩子是天生的哲学家。他们懵懂天真，总在不经意间用最浅显的语言给出最深刻的答案。他们童言无忌，“幼稚”的话语中带着人生的哲理。下面就跟随这些小小哲学家的智慧语录，回归童真，感受孩子们眼中的世界吧。
我的身体里有太多拥抱，我得把它们送出去。
原来我的阿姨就是我妈妈的妹妹，世界真小啊。
只要是早上吃的蛋糕都是早餐蛋糕。
谢谢我的老师，他们教会了我和父母吵架的单词。
我有四种模式：开心，非常开心，生气和霹雳舞模式。
我虚构的朋友中有15个是狗狗。
“晚安阿彻，我爱你胜过星星月亮。”
“晚安妈妈，我爱你比爱爸爸还多。”
妈妈我做到了！我再也不需要你了，但我的心不行，我的心还需要你。
长大意味着你要照看自己。
你的问题太多了，我的大脑已经关门了。
我要和威廉结婚。他很有趣，这对婚姻很重要。
真希望我是那边那个枕头，那才是人生。
我想要一次真正的约会，和某个人用两根吸管一起喝一杯奶昔。
我不要再打扫了。我又不是灰姑娘。
假装我对人过敏，接下来一整天我都不和任何人说话，你觉得怎么样？
我很难过，因为我不小心让你伤心了，现在我也伤心了，但我不知道怎么治好心伤。
你知道吗，如果你没有女朋友，你可以和拖把跳舞。
要是我太兴奋，肚子里的蝴蝶跑出来了，该怎么办？
我不想当大人，因为那样我就得工作，没有一点快乐。
来源：Bored panda
编辑：董静 |
President
Xi
Jinping
on Tuesday called for developing a sound and steady China-US relationship
during
a virtual meeting with US President Joe Biden.
Xi
pointed out that both China and the US are at critical stages of development, and the "global village" of humanity faces multiple challenges. As the world's two largest economies and permanent members of the UN Security Council, China and the US need to increase communication and cooperation, each run their domestic affairs well and, at the same time, shoulder their share of international responsibilities, and work together to advance the noble cause of world peace and development,
Xi
said. This is the shared desire of the people of the two countries and around the world, and the joint mission of Chinese and American leaders, he said.
国家主席习近平11月16日同美国总统拜登举行视频会晤。习近平指出，两国应构建健康稳定的中美关系。当前，中美发展都处在关键阶段，人类的"地球村"也面临诸多挑战。中美作为世界前两大经济体和联合国安理会常任理事国，应该加强沟通和合作，既办好我们各自国内的事情，又承担起应尽的国际责任，共同推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。这是中美两国和世界各国人民的共同愿景，也是中美两国领导人的共同使命。
以下为本次会晤其他要点：
[新时期中美相处]
Xi highlighted mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation as three principles in developing China-US relations in the new era.
习近平强调，新时期中美相处应该坚持三点原则：一是相互尊重。二是和平共处。三是合作共赢。
He
compared China and the United States to two giant ships sailing in the ocean, saying that it is important for the two sides to keep a steady hand on the tiller, so that the two giant ships will break waves and forge ahead together without losing direction or speed, still less colliding with each other.
习近平强调，中美两国是两艘在大海中航行的巨轮，我们要把稳舵，使中美两艘巨轮迎着风浪共同前行，不偏航、不失速，更不能相撞。
Xi expressed the hope that US President Joe Biden will demonstrate "political leadership" to bring
the US policy towards China back to a "rational and practical" track.
习近平指出，希望总统先生发挥政治领导力，推动美国对华政策回归理性务实的轨道。
[关于台湾问题]
China will be compelled to take resolute measures, should the separatist forces for "Taiwan independence" "provoke us, force our hands or even cross the red line."
如果“台独”分裂势力挑衅逼迫，甚至突破红线，我们将不得不采取断然措施。
[关于中美经贸关系]
Xi described the China-US economic and trade relations as mutually beneficial in
nature,
and said that economic and trade issues between the two countries should not be politicized.
中美经贸关系本质是互利双赢，在商言商，不要把中美经贸问题政治化。
[关于能源安全问题]
China and the United States should call on the international community to jointly protect global energy security.
中美应该倡导国际社会共同维护全球能源安全。
[关于气候变化问题]
Climate change can well become a new highlight of China-US cooperation.
气候变化完全可以成为中美新的合作亮点。
[其它]
Xi pledged to provide a bigger market and more opportunities to other countries.
习近平强调，中国必将给各国提供更大市场、创造更多机遇。
China does not approve of using human rights to meddle in other countries' internal affairs.
我们不赞成借人权问题干涉别国内政。
He
called on the United States to take concrete actions to meet its word of not seeking a "new Cold War."
习近平强调，希望美方把不打“新冷战”表态落到实处。
China has no intention to sell its own development path to the world.
中国无意满世界推销自己的道路。
Multilateralism without China-US
cooperation is incomplete.
如果没有中美合作，多边主义是不完整的。
编辑：彭娜 许雅宁
参考链接：新华社 | President
Xi
Jinping
on Tuesday called for developing a sound and steady China-US relationship
during
a virtual meeting with US President Joe Biden.
Xi
pointed out that both China and the US are at critical stages of development, and the "global village" of humanity faces multiple challenges. As the world's two largest economies and permanent members of the UN Security Council, China and the US need to increase communication and cooperation, each run their domestic affairs well and, at the same time, shoulder their share of international responsibilities, and work together to advance the noble cause of world peace and development,
Xi
said. This is the shared desire of the people of the two countries and around the world, and the joint mission of Chinese and American leaders, he said.
Xi highlighted mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation as three principles in developing China-US relations in the new era.
He
compared China and the United States to two giant ships sailing in the ocean, saying that it is important for the two sides to keep a steady hand on the tiller, so that the two giant ships will break waves and forge ahead together without losing direction or speed, still less colliding with each other.
Xi expressed the hope that US President Joe Biden will demonstrate "political leadership" to bring
the US policy towards China back to a "rational and practical" track.
China will be compelled to take resolute measures, should the separatist forces for "Taiwan independence" "provoke us, force our hands or even cross the red line."
Xi described the China-US economic and trade relations as mutually beneficial in
nature,
and said that economic and trade issues between the two countries should not be politicized.
China and the United States should call on the international community to jointly protect global energy security.
Climate change can well become a new highlight of China-US cooperation.
Xi pledged to provide a bigger market and more opportunities to other countries.
China does not approve of using human rights to meddle in other countries' internal affairs.
He
called on the United States to take concrete actions to meet its word of not seeking a "new Cold War."
China has no intention to sell its own development path to the world.
Multilateralism without China-US
cooperation is incomplete. | 国家主席习近平11月16日同美国总统拜登举行视频会晤。习近平指出，两国应构建健康稳定的中美关系。当前，中美发展都处在关键阶段，人类的"地球村"也面临诸多挑战。中美作为世界前两大经济体和联合国安理会常任理事国，应该加强沟通和合作，既办好我们各自国内的事情，又承担起应尽的国际责任，共同推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。这是中美两国和世界各国人民的共同愿景，也是中美两国领导人的共同使命。
以下为本次会晤其他要点：
[新时期中美相处]
习近平强调，新时期中美相处应该坚持三点原则：一是相互尊重。二是和平共处。三是合作共赢。
习近平强调，中美两国是两艘在大海中航行的巨轮，我们要把稳舵，使中美两艘巨轮迎着风浪共同前行，不偏航、不失速，更不能相撞。
习近平指出，希望总统先生发挥政治领导力，推动美国对华政策回归理性务实的轨道。
[关于台湾问题]
如果“台独”分裂势力挑衅逼迫，甚至突破红线，我们将不得不采取断然措施。
[关于中美经贸关系]
中美经贸关系本质是互利双赢，在商言商，不要把中美经贸问题政治化。
[关于能源安全问题]
中美应该倡导国际社会共同维护全球能源安全。
[关于气候变化问题]
气候变化完全可以成为中美新的合作亮点。
[其它]
习近平强调，中国必将给各国提供更大市场、创造更多机遇。
我们不赞成借人权问题干涉别国内政。
习近平强调，希望美方把不打“新冷战”表态落到实处。
中国无意满世界推销自己的道路。
如果没有中美合作，多边主义是不完整的。
编辑：彭娜 许雅宁
参考链接：新华社 |
美国六名议员
搭军机窜访台湾
布林肯也放狠话
要“确保台湾有能力自卫”
全然不顾这些言行有多危险
Six US lawmakers visited Taiwan, while
US Secretary of State Antony
Blinken uttered dangerous words about the Taiwan Question.
真是坏到极点
拜登刚说不打“新冷战”
美国政客这些言行
简直是光速打脸
That’s so
bad. It
’
s a slap on the face of Joe Biden, who said that the US did not want
“a New Cold War”.
美国政客和我们都懂
是到处找茬的美国大兵
真正威胁台海和平
Everyone
knows that it is US military forces that are the threat to peace in the Taiwan Straits.
何止台海
美国势力所到之处
不都在制造混乱与冲突？
And not just the
Taiwan Straits, wherever there are US forces, there is chaos.
上次在南海出事故的潜艇
不就属于到处窜的美国海军？
Don’t forget, a US sub recently had an accident in the South China Sea.
美国政客是坏
台湾民进党则是蠢
拿着台湾人民血汗钱买军备
The Democratic Progressive Party is being foolish buying equipment from the US,
难道不明白
自己不过是美国手里一张扑克牌？
without realizing that they are just a card in the US
’
geopolitical games.
只是苦了台湾人民
被民进党和美国联手坑
The only victims are Taiwan people, who suffer from the politicians
’
wrongs.
好在这种被坑的日子不长了
祖国统一是历史大势
民进党和美国勾搭得再近
也一定会被历史的车轮碾碎
Luckily their days of suffering are numbered. China will be reunified, while the DPP will be crushed by history.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | Six US lawmakers visited Taiwan, while
US Secretary of State Antony
Blinken uttered dangerous words about the Taiwan Question.
That’s so
bad. It
’
s a slap on the face of Joe Biden, who said that the US did not want
“a New Cold War”.
Everyone
knows that it is US military forces that are the threat to peace in the Taiwan Straits.
And not just the
Taiwan Straits, wherever there are US forces, there is chaos.
Don’t forget, a US sub recently had an accident in the South China Sea.
The Democratic Progressive Party is being foolish buying equipment from the US,
without realizing that they are just a card in the US
’
geopolitical games.
The only victims are Taiwan people, who suffer from the politicians
’
wrongs.
Luckily their days of suffering are numbered. China will be reunified, while the DPP will be crushed by history. | 美国六名议员
搭军机窜访台湾
布林肯也放狠话
要“确保台湾有能力自卫”
全然不顾这些言行有多危险
真是坏到极点
拜登刚说不打“新冷战”
美国政客这些言行
简直是光速打脸
美国政客和我们都懂
是到处找茬的美国大兵
真正威胁台海和平
何止台海
美国势力所到之处
不都在制造混乱与冲突？
上次在南海出事故的潜艇
不就属于到处窜的美国海军？
美国政客是坏
台湾民进党则是蠢
拿着台湾人民血汗钱买军备
难道不明白
自己不过是美国手里一张扑克牌？
只是苦了台湾人民
被民进党和美国联手坑
好在这种被坑的日子不长了
祖国统一是历史大势
民进党和美国勾搭得再近
也一定会被历史的车轮碾碎
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
随着气候危机的加剧，越来越多人意识到保护地球的重要性，但是调查发现，如果需要人们为此改变生活方式，绝大多数人都不愿意。与此同时，大多数国家的受访者认为本国政府做得很不够。
[Photo/Pexels]
Citizens are alarmed by the climate crisis, but most believe they are already doing more to preserve the planet than anyone else, including their government, and few are willing to make significant lifestyle changes, an international survey has found.
一项跨国调查发现，民众对气候危机感到担忧，但是多数人认为他们为保护地球所做的贡献已经比包括本国政府在内的其他人都要多，而且愿意为了环保在生活方式上做出重大改变的人也寥寥无几。
The survey found that 62% of people surveyed saw the climate crisis as the main environmental challenge the world was now facing, ahead of air pollution (39%), the impact of waste (38%) and new diseases (36%).
调查发现，62%的受访者认为气候危机是当前世界面临的主要环境挑战，紧随其后的是空气污染（39%）、废物污染（38%）和新型疾病（36%）。
But when asked to rate their individual action against others’ such as governments, business and the media, people generally saw themselves as much more committed to the environment than others in their local community, or any institution.
但是当被要求对比其他人（包括政府、企业和媒体）来评价自己的个人行为时，人们通常认为自己对环境的贡献比本地社区其他人或机构都大得多。
About 36% rated themselves “highly committed” to preserving the planet, while only 21% felt the same was true of the media and 19% of local government. A mere 18% felt their local community was equally committed, with national governments (17%) and big corporations (13%) seen as even less engaged.
约36%的受访者自称对保护地球“做出很大努力”，而认为媒体和本地政府做到这一点的人分别只有21%和19%。仅18%的受访者认为本地社区也在同样努力地保护地球，国家政府和大公司得到的评价更低，分别只有17%和13%的人认为这两者在努力保护地球。
Respondents were also lukewarm about doing more themselves, citing a wide range of reasons. Most (76%) of those surveyed said they would accept stricter environmental rules and regulations, but almost half (46%) felt that there was no real need for them to change their personal habits.
受访者对于为环保付出更多个人努力也不太热心，并援引了各种理由。大多数（76%）受访者表示他们可以接受更严格的环保规定和条例，但是近半数（46%）受访者觉得无需改变自己的个人习惯。
Only 51% said they would definitely take individual climate action, with 14% saying they would definitely not and 35% torn. People in Poland and Singapore (56%) were the most willing to act, and in Germany (44%) and the Netherlands (37%) the least.
只有51%的受访者表示自己肯定会采取行动应对气候问题，14%的人表示肯定不会，还有35%的人摇摆不定。波兰和新加坡的受访者采取气候行动的意愿最强，比例达到56%，德国和荷兰受访者的意愿是最低的，分别只有44%和37%。
Screenshot from Guardian
The most common reasons given for not being willing to do more for the planet were “I feel proud of what I am currently doing” (74%), “There isn’t agreement among experts on the best solutions” (72%), and “I need more resources and equipment from public authorities” (69%).
不愿意为保护地球做更多努力的最常见原因包括“我对自己现在的所作所为感到自豪”（74%）、“专家们对于最佳解决方案没有达成统一意见”（72%），以及“我需要公共部门提供更多资源和设备”（69%）。
Other reasons for not wanting to do more included “I can’t afford to make those efforts” (60%), “I lack information and guidance on what to do” (55%), “I don’t think individual efforts can really have an impact” (39%), “I believe environmental threats are overestimated” (35%) and “I don’t have the headspace to think about it” (33%).
其他原因还有“我的经济能力不允许”（60%）、“我缺乏与行动相关的信息和指导意见”（55%）、“我认为个人努力不会产生实质影响”（39%）、“我认为环境威胁被高估了”（35%）和“我没有多余的脑力来考虑这事儿”（33%）。
Asked which actions to preserve the planet should be prioritised, moreover, people attributed more importance to measures that were already established habits, required less individual effort, or for which they bore little direct responsibility.
此外，在被问及应该优先采取哪些保护地球的行动时，受访者更倾向于选择那些已经成为习惯、不太需要个人努力以及基本不用个人承担直接责任的行动。
Screenshot from Guardian
About 57%, for example, said that reducing waste and increasing recycling was “very important”. Other measures seen as priorities were reversing deforestation (54%), protecting endangered animal species (52%), building energy-efficient buildings (47%), and replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy (45%).
举例来说，约57%的受访者表示减少垃圾、增加回收“非常重要”。其他被认为应该优先采取的措施包括退耕还林（54%）、保护濒危动物（52%）、建造节能建筑（47%）以及用再生能源替代化石燃料（45%）。
Respondents viewed measures likely to affect their own lifestyles, however, as significantly less important: reducing people’s energy consumption was seen as a priority by only 32%, while favouring public transport over cars (25%) and radically changing our agricultural model (24%) were similarly unpopular.
然而，受访者认为那些可能影响自身生活方式的措施没那么重要。只有32%的人认为应该降低人们的能源消耗，同样，只有25%的人认为应该多乘公交少坐车，24%的人认为应该彻底改变我们的农业模式（24%）。
Only 23% felt that reducing plane travel and charging more for products that did not respect environmental norms were important to preserve the planet, while banning fossil fuel vehicles (22%) and reducing meat consumption (18%) and international trade (17%) were seen as even lower priorities.
只有23%的受访者认为减少航空出行和向不环保的产品增加征税对于保护地球很重要。禁止燃油车、减少肉类消费和国际贸易的优先级更低，分别只有22%、18%和17%的人支持这些措施。
"Citizens are undeniably concerned by the state of the planet, but these findings raise doubts regarding their level of commitment to preserving it,” the study said. “Rather than translating into a greater willingness to change their habits, citizens’ concerns are particularly focused on their negative assessment of governments’ efforts.”
研究指出，“不可否认，民众对地球的现状感到担忧，但是这些发现却对人们保护地球的意愿提出了质疑。人们不是更积极地通过改变个人习惯去保护地球，而是特别关注对政府作为的负面评价。”
Representative samples of more than 1,000 people were questioned in the US, UK, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Singapore and New Zealand.
调查选取的1000多名具有代表性的受访者来自美国、英国、西班牙、法国、荷兰、德国、瑞典、波兰、新加坡和新西兰。
People gave themselves the highest score for commitment everywhere except Sweden, while only in Singapore and New Zealand were national governments seen as highly engaged. The gulf between citizens’ view of their own efforts (44%) and that of their government (16%) was highest in the UK.
除了瑞典以外，其他国家的受访民众给自己为环保所做的努力都打了最高分。只有新加坡和新西兰的民众认为本国政府积极采取行动保护地球。民众对自身努力的评价（44%打高分）和对政府作为的评价（16%打高分）之间差距最大的是英国。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Citizens are alarmed by the climate crisis, but most believe they are already doing more to preserve the planet than anyone else, including their government, and few are willing to make significant lifestyle changes, an international survey has found.
The survey found that 62% of people surveyed saw the climate crisis as the main environmental challenge the world was now facing, ahead of air pollution (39%), the impact of waste (38%) and new diseases (36%).
But when asked to rate their individual action against others’ such as governments, business and the media, people generally saw themselves as much more committed to the environment than others in their local community, or any institution.
About 36% rated themselves “highly committed” to preserving the planet, while only 21% felt the same was true of the media and 19% of local government. A mere 18% felt their local community was equally committed, with national governments (17%) and big corporations (13%) seen as even less engaged.
Respondents were also lukewarm about doing more themselves, citing a wide range of reasons. Most (76%) of those surveyed said they would accept stricter environmental rules and regulations, but almost half (46%) felt that there was no real need for them to change their personal habits.
Only 51% said they would definitely take individual climate action, with 14% saying they would definitely not and 35% torn. People in Poland and Singapore (56%) were the most willing to act, and in Germany (44%) and the Netherlands (37%) the least.
Screenshot from Guardian
The most common reasons given for not being willing to do more for the planet were “I feel proud of what I am currently doing” (74%), “There isn’t agreement among experts on the best solutions” (72%), and “I need more resources and equipment from public authorities” (69%).
Other reasons for not wanting to do more included “I can’t afford to make those efforts” (60%), “I lack information and guidance on what to do” (55%), “I don’t think individual efforts can really have an impact” (39%), “I believe environmental threats are overestimated” (35%) and “I don’t have the headspace to think about it” (33%).
Asked which actions to preserve the planet should be prioritised, moreover, people attributed more importance to measures that were already established habits, required less individual effort, or for which they bore little direct responsibility.
Screenshot from Guardian
About 57%, for example, said that reducing waste and increasing recycling was “very important”. Other measures seen as priorities were reversing deforestation (54%), protecting endangered animal species (52%), building energy-efficient buildings (47%), and replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy (45%).
Respondents viewed measures likely to affect their own lifestyles, however, as significantly less important: reducing people’s energy consumption was seen as a priority by only 32%, while favouring public transport over cars (25%) and radically changing our agricultural model (24%) were similarly unpopular.
Only 23% felt that reducing plane travel and charging more for products that did not respect environmental norms were important to preserve the planet, while banning fossil fuel vehicles (22%) and reducing meat consumption (18%) and international trade (17%) were seen as even lower priorities.
"Citizens are undeniably concerned by the state of the planet, but these findings raise doubts regarding their level of commitment to preserving it,” the study said. “Rather than translating into a greater willingness to change their habits, citizens’ concerns are particularly focused on their negative assessment of governments’ efforts.”
Representative samples of more than 1,000 people were questioned in the US, UK, Spain, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Singapore and New Zealand.
People gave themselves the highest score for commitment everywhere except Sweden, while only in Singapore and New Zealand were national governments seen as highly engaged. The gulf between citizens’ view of their own efforts (44%) and that of their government (16%) was highest in the UK. | 随着气候危机的加剧，越来越多人意识到保护地球的重要性，但是调查发现，如果需要人们为此改变生活方式，绝大多数人都不愿意。与此同时，大多数国家的受访者认为本国政府做得很不够。
一项跨国调查发现，民众对气候危机感到担忧，但是多数人认为他们为保护地球所做的贡献已经比包括本国政府在内的其他人都要多，而且愿意为了环保在生活方式上做出重大改变的人也寥寥无几。
调查发现，62%的受访者认为气候危机是当前世界面临的主要环境挑战，紧随其后的是空气污染（39%）、废物污染（38%）和新型疾病（36%）。
但是当被要求对比其他人（包括政府、企业和媒体）来评价自己的个人行为时，人们通常认为自己对环境的贡献比本地社区其他人或机构都大得多。
约36%的受访者自称对保护地球“做出很大努力”，而认为媒体和本地政府做到这一点的人分别只有21%和19%。仅18%的受访者认为本地社区也在同样努力地保护地球，国家政府和大公司得到的评价更低，分别只有17%和13%的人认为这两者在努力保护地球。
受访者对于为环保付出更多个人努力也不太热心，并援引了各种理由。大多数（76%）受访者表示他们可以接受更严格的环保规定和条例，但是近半数（46%）受访者觉得无需改变自己的个人习惯。
只有51%的受访者表示自己肯定会采取行动应对气候问题，14%的人表示肯定不会，还有35%的人摇摆不定。波兰和新加坡的受访者采取气候行动的意愿最强，比例达到56%，德国和荷兰受访者的意愿是最低的，分别只有44%和37%。
不愿意为保护地球做更多努力的最常见原因包括“我对自己现在的所作所为感到自豪”（74%）、“专家们对于最佳解决方案没有达成统一意见”（72%），以及“我需要公共部门提供更多资源和设备”（69%）。
其他原因还有“我的经济能力不允许”（60%）、“我缺乏与行动相关的信息和指导意见”（55%）、“我认为个人努力不会产生实质影响”（39%）、“我认为环境威胁被高估了”（35%）和“我没有多余的脑力来考虑这事儿”（33%）。
此外，在被问及应该优先采取哪些保护地球的行动时，受访者更倾向于选择那些已经成为习惯、不太需要个人努力以及基本不用个人承担直接责任的行动。
举例来说，约57%的受访者表示减少垃圾、增加回收“非常重要”。其他被认为应该优先采取的措施包括退耕还林（54%）、保护濒危动物（52%）、建造节能建筑（47%）以及用再生能源替代化石燃料（45%）。
然而，受访者认为那些可能影响自身生活方式的措施没那么重要。只有32%的人认为应该降低人们的能源消耗，同样，只有25%的人认为应该多乘公交少坐车，24%的人认为应该彻底改变我们的农业模式（24%）。
只有23%的受访者认为减少航空出行和向不环保的产品增加征税对于保护地球很重要。禁止燃油车、减少肉类消费和国际贸易的优先级更低，分别只有22%、18%和17%的人支持这些措施。
研究指出，“不可否认，民众对地球的现状感到担忧，但是这些发现却对人们保护地球的意愿提出了质疑。人们不是更积极地通过改变个人习惯去保护地球，而是特别关注对政府作为的负面评价。”
调查选取的1000多名具有代表性的受访者来自美国、英国、西班牙、法国、荷兰、德国、瑞典、波兰、新加坡和新西兰。
除了瑞典以外，其他国家的受访民众给自己为环保所做的努力都打了最高分。只有新加坡和新西兰的民众认为本国政府积极采取行动保护地球。民众对自身努力的评价（44%打高分）和对政府作为的评价（16%打高分）之间差距最大的是英国。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
英语中有许多表示酒的单词,如alcohol,booze,drink,liquor都可以泛指酒类.除此之外,spirits也可以指烈性酒.Spirit有"精神,心灵,灵魂"的意思,那么酒精和灵魂有什么关系?为什么烈性酒可以用spirits表示?
[Photo/Pexels]
According to VinePair, one theory suggests that we call some liquors spirits because of alcohol’s association with one spirit in particular: the Holy Spirit, which, together with God and Jesus, forms the Holy Trinity in most Christian denominations. This theory is based primarily on certain places in the
Bible
where the effects of the Holy Spirit are juxtaposed with alcohol’s effects. In the New Testament, for example, when Jesus’s disciples are “filled with the Holy Spirit” during Pentecost and begin to speak in other languages, some bystanders jokingly write off their strange behavior as a symptom of having drunk too much wine.
据VinePair网站称，一种理论认为，某些酒被称为“spirits”，是因为酒精与圣灵有特殊的关联，圣灵与上帝和耶稣一起构成了大多数基督教教派的三位一体。这种说法主要基于《圣经》，在某些篇章中圣灵的作用与酒精相同。例如，在《新约》中，当耶稣的门徒在五旬节期间“被圣灵充满”并开始说其他语言时，一些旁观者会戏称他们的奇怪行为是喝多了的表现。
A more likely explanation has to do with the etymology of the word alcohol, which is thought to have come from either of two old Arabic words. As
Scientific American
reports, the first option is al-ghawl, which literally means spirit and is even mentioned in the
Qur’an
as a spirit or demon that imbues wine with its intoxicating effects.
更有可能的一种解释是，与单词alcohol（酒精）的词源有关，人们认为alcohol源自两个古老的阿拉伯单词中的任一个。据《科学美国人》报道，第一种可能是al-ghawl，其字面意思是灵魂（spirit），《古兰经》中提到，al-ghawl是一种鬼魂或恶魔，能使葡萄酒产生醉人的效果。
Though that origin story seems logical enough, the second option, al-koh’l, is pretty plausible, too. The word al-koh’l described an eyeliner made from a black powdery mineral called stibnite. Since the method of transforming stibnite into makeup was similar to how people distilled liquids, al-koh’l may have gotten co-opted to mean “anything that was distilled.” When alcohol showed up in English during the 16th century, it was used to describe the spirit or essence distilled from some other substance, as in “alcohol of wine.” All things considered, it’s not surprising that people eventually just started calling those spirits “spirits.”
虽然上述起源故事似乎很合乎逻辑，不过，第二种可能也相当合理，即spirits与al－koh‘l的词源相关。Al-koh'l指一种眼线笔，它是由一种被称为辉锑矿的黑色粉状矿物制成的。由于将辉锑矿转化为化妆品的方法类似于人们蒸馏液体的方法，因此al-koh'l可以指“任何蒸馏过的东西”。16世纪，当 alcohol 在英语中出现时，这个词被用来描述从其他物质中蒸馏出的精髓（spirit）或精华，如“alcohol of wine（葡萄酒的精华）”。综上所述，人们最终将这些酒称为“spirits”也就没什么奇怪的了。
说到烈性酒，就不得不提到中国的白酒。它与白兰地、威士忌、伏特加、朗姆酒和金酒一起并称为世界六大蒸馏酒。那么中国白酒的英文该如何翻译呢？
多年来，中国白酒缺乏一个官方的准确的英文名称，比如Chinese spirits（中国白酒）, Chinese distilled spirits（中国蒸馏酒）, Chinese liquor（中国烈酒）等都称为“中国白酒”。
经与海关总署税收征管局（京津）多次沟通，中国酒业协会于2020年4月25日正式向海关总署提出申请，建议将海关商品名录中中国白酒的英文名字由原来的“Chinese distilled spirits”更改为“Chinese Baijiu”。2021年1月11日，这一翻译方式正式官宣。
除了白酒，其他种类的酒用英文怎么说呢？一起来看《公共服务领域英文译写规范》给出的翻译吧：
米酒 Rice Wine
黄酒 Yellow Rice Wine或Shaoxing Wine
洋酒 Imported Wines and Liquors
红葡萄酒 Red Wine
白葡萄酒 White Wine
啤酒 Beer
果酒 Fruit Wine
开胃酒 Aperitifs
来源：Mental floss，中国日报双语新闻
编辑：董静，陈月华 | [Photo/Pexels]
According to VinePair, one theory suggests that we call some liquors spirits because of alcohol’s association with one spirit in particular: the Holy Spirit, which, together with God and Jesus, forms the Holy Trinity in most Christian denominations. This theory is based primarily on certain places in the
Bible
where the effects of the Holy Spirit are juxtaposed with alcohol’s effects. In the New Testament, for example, when Jesus’s disciples are “filled with the Holy Spirit” during Pentecost and begin to speak in other languages, some bystanders jokingly write off their strange behavior as a symptom of having drunk too much wine.
A more likely explanation has to do with the etymology of the word alcohol, which is thought to have come from either of two old Arabic words. As
Scientific American
reports, the first option is al-ghawl, which literally means spirit and is even mentioned in the
Qur’an
as a spirit or demon that imbues wine with its intoxicating effects.
Though that origin story seems logical enough, the second option, al-koh’l, is pretty plausible, too. The word al-koh’l described an eyeliner made from a black powdery mineral called stibnite. Since the method of transforming stibnite into makeup was similar to how people distilled liquids, al-koh’l may have gotten co-opted to mean “anything that was distilled.” When alcohol showed up in English during the 16th century, it was used to describe the spirit or essence distilled from some other substance, as in “alcohol of wine.” All things considered, it’s not surprising that people eventually just started calling those spirits “spirits.” | 英语中有许多表示酒的单词,如alcohol,booze,drink,liquor都可以泛指酒类.除此之外,spirits也可以指烈性酒.Spirit有"精神,心灵,灵魂"的意思,那么酒精和灵魂有什么关系?为什么烈性酒可以用spirits表示?
据VinePair网站称，一种理论认为，某些酒被称为“spirits”，是因为酒精与圣灵有特殊的关联，圣灵与上帝和耶稣一起构成了大多数基督教教派的三位一体。这种说法主要基于《圣经》，在某些篇章中圣灵的作用与酒精相同。例如，在《新约》中，当耶稣的门徒在五旬节期间“被圣灵充满”并开始说其他语言时，一些旁观者会戏称他们的奇怪行为是喝多了的表现。
更有可能的一种解释是，与单词alcohol（酒精）的词源有关，人们认为alcohol源自两个古老的阿拉伯单词中的任一个。据《科学美国人》报道，第一种可能是al-ghawl，其字面意思是灵魂（spirit），《古兰经》中提到，al-ghawl是一种鬼魂或恶魔，能使葡萄酒产生醉人的效果。
虽然上述起源故事似乎很合乎逻辑，不过，第二种可能也相当合理，即spirits与al－koh‘l的词源相关。Al-koh'l指一种眼线笔，它是由一种被称为辉锑矿的黑色粉状矿物制成的。由于将辉锑矿转化为化妆品的方法类似于人们蒸馏液体的方法，因此al-koh'l可以指“任何蒸馏过的东西”。16世纪，当 alcohol 在英语中出现时，这个词被用来描述从其他物质中蒸馏出的精髓（spirit）或精华，如“alcohol of wine（葡萄酒的精华）”。综上所述，人们最终将这些酒称为“spirits”也就没什么奇怪的了。
说到烈性酒，就不得不提到中国的白酒。它与白兰地、威士忌、伏特加、朗姆酒和金酒一起并称为世界六大蒸馏酒。那么中国白酒的英文该如何翻译呢？
多年来，中国白酒缺乏一个官方的准确的英文名称，比如Chinese spirits（中国白酒）, Chinese distilled spirits（中国蒸馏酒）, Chinese liquor（中国烈酒）等都称为“中国白酒”。
经与海关总署税收征管局（京津）多次沟通，中国酒业协会于2020年4月25日正式向海关总署提出申请，建议将海关商品名录中中国白酒的英文名字由原来的“Chinese distilled spirits”更改为“Chinese Baijiu”。2021年1月11日，这一翻译方式正式官宣。
除了白酒，其他种类的酒用英文怎么说呢？一起来看《公共服务领域英文译写规范》给出的翻译吧：
米酒 Rice Wine
黄酒 Yellow Rice Wine或Shaoxing Wine
洋酒 Imported Wines and Liquors
红葡萄酒 Red Wine
白葡萄酒 White Wine
啤酒 Beer
果酒 Fruit Wine
开胃酒 Aperitifs
来源：Mental floss，中国日报双语新闻
编辑：董静，陈月华 |
发表在《自然》期刊上的一项新研究发现，包括日语、汉语、土耳其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前在中国东北种植谷子的农民。研究人员指出，农业的发展推动了语言的传播。
[Photo/Pexels]
A study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago.
一项综合了语言学、基因学和考古学证据的研究发现，现代日语、韩语、土耳其语和蒙古语等同一语系的语言以及说这些语言的人，都起源于大约 9000 年前在中国东北地区种植粟的古代农民。
The findings detailed on Wednesday document a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages across an area stretching more than 8,000 km.
该研究结果详细记录了在绵延8000多公里的区域内数亿人共同的基因传承，他们使用的语言被研究人员称为“泛欧亚语系”。该研究结果于上周三（11月10日）发表。
The findings illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the dispersal of some of the world's major language families. Millet was an important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.
这些发现阐述了冰川时代后人类从事农业活动对世界上一些主要语系传播产生的推动作用。谷子（粟）是早期狩猎采集者转向农业生活方式时的一种重要作物。
There are 98 Transeurasian languages. Among these are Korean and Japanese as well as: various Turkic languages including Turkish in parts of Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia and Siberia; various Mongolic languages including Mongolian in Central and Northeast Asia; and various Tungusic languages in northeastern China and Siberia.
泛欧亚语系总共有98种语言，包括韩语、日语、各类突厥语系（包括在欧洲、安纳托利亚、中亚和西伯利亚部分地区使用的土耳其语）、亚洲中部和东北部使用的各类蒙古语系以及在中国东北和西伯利亚使用的各类通古斯语系。
This language family's beginnings were traced to Neolithic millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area encompassing parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and the steppes and east into the Korean peninsula and over the sea to the Japanese archipelago over thousands of years.
泛欧亚语系的源头可以追溯到新石器时代位于今中国辽宁、吉林和内蒙三地的辽河流域种植谷子的农民。随着这些农民迁移到东北亚，其后代语言在数千年的时间里，就随之向北和西传播到了西伯利亚和大草原，也向东传播到朝鲜半岛并跨过海洋到达日本群岛。
steppe [step]: n. 大草原，干草原（特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原）
The research underscored the complex beginnings for modern populations and cultures.
这项研究强调了现代人口和文化的复杂起源。
"Accepting that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make," said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets, leader of the Archaeolinguistic Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany and lead author of the study published in the journal
Nature
.
该研究的主要作者、比较语言学家马丁·罗贝茨坦言：“承认自己的语言、文化的根源或祖先来自境外，是一种身份的屈服，这让有些人接受不了。” 罗贝茨也是德国马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学研究所考古语言学研究小组的负责人。这项研究发表在《自然》期刊上。
"Powerful nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth that makes people with nationalist agendas uncomfortable is that all languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed," Robbeets added.
罗贝茨还表示：“日本、韩国和中国这样的强国通常被认为代表着一种语言、一种文化和一种基因。但是让有民族主义动机的人感到不快的真相是，所有的语言、文化和人种，包括亚洲在内，都是混合发展而成的。”
The researchers devised a dataset of vocabulary concepts for the 98 languages, identified a core of inherited words related to agriculture and fashioned a language family tree.
研究人员为这98种语言设计了一个词汇概念数据集，从中识别出了一组与农业相关的核心传承词汇，并绘制了一棵语言谱系树。
Archaeologist and study co-author Mark Hudson of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History said the researchers examined data from 255 archaeological sites in China, Japan, the Korean peninsula and the Russia Far East, assessing similarities in artifacts including pottery, stone tools and plant and animal remains. They also factored in the dates of 269 ancient crop remains from various sites.
该研究的合著者之一、来自马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学研究所的考古学家马克·哈德逊表示，研究人员研究了来自中国、日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯远东地区的255个考古遗址的数据，从陶器、石制工具等人工制品和植物、动物遗迹中总结出相似性。他们还把各个遗址发掘的269种古代农作物的出产年代也结合起来分析。
The researchers determined that farmers in northeastern China eventually supplemented millet with rice and wheat, an agricultural package that was transmitted when these populations spread to the Korean peninsula by about 1300 BC and from there to Japan after about 1000 BC.
研究结果指出，中国东北的农民后来开始种植水稻和小麦，作为对谷子的补充。当这些族群在公元前1300年左右来到朝鲜半岛，并在公元前1000年左右从那里迁到日本时，这些农作物也随之得到传播。
The researchers performed genomic analyses on ancient remains of 23 people and examined existing data on others who lived in North and East Asia as long as 9,500 years ago.
研究人员对23具远古人类遗骸进行了基因组分析，并将其与9500年来生活在北亚和东亚的人类现有基因数据进行比照。
For example, a woman's remains found in Yokchido in South Korea had 95% ancestry from Japan's ancient Jomon people, indicating her recent ancestors had migrated over the sea.
举例来说，在韩国济州岛发掘的一具女性遗骸的基因组与日本古绳文人有95%的相似性，这表明她的祖先从日本漂洋过海迁移而来。
The origins of modern Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion with millet also involved. While the progenitors of the Transeurasian languages grew broomcorn millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language family farmed foxtail millet at roughly the same time in China's Yellow River region, paving the way for a separate language dispersal, Robbeets said.
现代汉语拥有独立的起源，但是也与谷子种植有关。罗贝茨指出，泛欧亚语系的祖先在辽河流域种植黍时，汉藏语系的始祖大约同一时期也在中国黄河流域种植粟，为现代汉语的传播奠定了基础。
progenitor [proʊˈdʒenɪtər]: n. 祖先；原著；起源
英文来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
A study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago.
The findings detailed on Wednesday document a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages across an area stretching more than 8,000 km.
The findings illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the dispersal of some of the world's major language families. Millet was an important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.
There are 98 Transeurasian languages. Among these are Korean and Japanese as well as: various Turkic languages including Turkish in parts of Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia and Siberia; various Mongolic languages including Mongolian in Central and Northeast Asia; and various Tungusic languages in northeastern China and Siberia.
This language family's beginnings were traced to Neolithic millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area encompassing parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and the steppes and east into the Korean peninsula and over the sea to the Japanese archipelago over thousands of years.
The research underscored the complex beginnings for modern populations and cultures.
"Accepting that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make," said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets, leader of the Archaeolinguistic Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany and lead author of the study published in the journal
Nature
.
"Powerful nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth that makes people with nationalist agendas uncomfortable is that all languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed," Robbeets added.
The researchers devised a dataset of vocabulary concepts for the 98 languages, identified a core of inherited words related to agriculture and fashioned a language family tree.
Archaeologist and study co-author Mark Hudson of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History said the researchers examined data from 255 archaeological sites in China, Japan, the Korean peninsula and the Russia Far East, assessing similarities in artifacts including pottery, stone tools and plant and animal remains. They also factored in the dates of 269 ancient crop remains from various sites.
The researchers determined that farmers in northeastern China eventually supplemented millet with rice and wheat, an agricultural package that was transmitted when these populations spread to the Korean peninsula by about 1300 BC and from there to Japan after about 1000 BC.
The researchers performed genomic analyses on ancient remains of 23 people and examined existing data on others who lived in North and East Asia as long as 9,500 years ago.
For example, a woman's remains found in Yokchido in South Korea had 95% ancestry from Japan's ancient Jomon people, indicating her recent ancestors had migrated over the sea.
The origins of modern Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion with millet also involved. While the progenitors of the Transeurasian languages grew broomcorn millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language family farmed foxtail millet at roughly the same time in China's Yellow River region, paving the way for a separate language dispersal, Robbeets said. | 发表在《自然》期刊上的一项新研究发现，包括日语、汉语、土耳其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前在中国东北种植谷子的农民。研究人员指出，农业的发展推动了语言的传播。
一项综合了语言学、基因学和考古学证据的研究发现，现代日语、韩语、土耳其语和蒙古语等同一语系的语言以及说这些语言的人，都起源于大约 9000 年前在中国东北地区种植粟的古代农民。
该研究结果详细记录了在绵延8000多公里的区域内数亿人共同的基因传承，他们使用的语言被研究人员称为“泛欧亚语系”。该研究结果于上周三（11月10日）发表。
这些发现阐述了冰川时代后人类从事农业活动对世界上一些主要语系传播产生的推动作用。谷子（粟）是早期狩猎采集者转向农业生活方式时的一种重要作物。
泛欧亚语系总共有98种语言，包括韩语、日语、各类突厥语系（包括在欧洲、安纳托利亚、中亚和西伯利亚部分地区使用的土耳其语）、亚洲中部和东北部使用的各类蒙古语系以及在中国东北和西伯利亚使用的各类通古斯语系。
泛欧亚语系的源头可以追溯到新石器时代位于今中国辽宁、吉林和内蒙三地的辽河流域种植谷子的农民。随着这些农民迁移到东北亚，其后代语言在数千年的时间里，就随之向北和西传播到了西伯利亚和大草原，也向东传播到朝鲜半岛并跨过海洋到达日本群岛。
steppe [step]: n. 大草原，干草原（特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原）
这项研究强调了现代人口和文化的复杂起源。
该研究的主要作者、比较语言学家马丁·罗贝茨坦言：“承认自己的语言、文化的根源或祖先来自境外，是一种身份的屈服，这让有些人接受不了。” 罗贝茨也是德国马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学研究所考古语言学研究小组的负责人。这项研究发表在《自然》期刊上。
罗贝茨还表示：“日本、韩国和中国这样的强国通常被认为代表着一种语言、一种文化和一种基因。但是让有民族主义动机的人感到不快的真相是，所有的语言、文化和人种，包括亚洲在内，都是混合发展而成的。”
研究人员为这98种语言设计了一个词汇概念数据集，从中识别出了一组与农业相关的核心传承词汇，并绘制了一棵语言谱系树。
该研究的合著者之一、来自马克斯·普朗克人类历史科学研究所的考古学家马克·哈德逊表示，研究人员研究了来自中国、日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯远东地区的255个考古遗址的数据，从陶器、石制工具等人工制品和植物、动物遗迹中总结出相似性。他们还把各个遗址发掘的269种古代农作物的出产年代也结合起来分析。
研究结果指出，中国东北的农民后来开始种植水稻和小麦，作为对谷子的补充。当这些族群在公元前1300年左右来到朝鲜半岛，并在公元前1000年左右从那里迁到日本时，这些农作物也随之得到传播。
研究人员对23具远古人类遗骸进行了基因组分析，并将其与9500年来生活在北亚和东亚的人类现有基因数据进行比照。
举例来说，在韩国济州岛发掘的一具女性遗骸的基因组与日本古绳文人有95%的相似性，这表明她的祖先从日本漂洋过海迁移而来。
现代汉语拥有独立的起源，但是也与谷子种植有关。罗贝茨指出，泛欧亚语系的祖先在辽河流域种植黍时，汉藏语系的始祖大约同一时期也在中国黄河流域种植粟，为现代汉语的传播奠定了基础。
progenitor [proʊˈdʒenɪtər]: n. 祖先；原著；起源
英文来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
废话对答是什么效果？
A：“听君一席话，如听一席话。”
B：“你搁这儿搁这儿呢？”
这样的对话，即使信息量为零，仍然具备幽默效果。
废话，逐渐成了信息时代的一股“清流”。重复，是“废话文学”最明显的特征。
一个词或一个短语，在条件句后的主句中重复一遍，能造成一种意想不到的嘲弄幽默效果。
比如这些：
能力越大，能力就越大。
如果你是我姐妹的话，我们就是姐妹。
如果我没猜错的话，我一定是猜对了。
但凡你这话有点道理，也不至于一点道理也没有。
如果你愿意多花点时间了解我，你就会发现多花了点时间。
你也可以做单位换算：
台上一分钟，台下六十秒。
七天不见，如隔一周。
利用好自己的同义词储备：
这个西红柿一股番茄味。
这个马铃薯怎么长得跟土豆一样。
也可以特别硬核地套娃重复：
我直呼我直呼……
你搁这儿搁这儿呢……
俗话说得好：俗话说得好。
还有这些套用了网络热梗或者古诗的你可能也见过：
我三句话就让男人听了我说三句话。
吾家洗砚池头树，挨着吾家洗砚池。
我睡着之前还是醒的。
上次这么无语还是上次。
有人说，“废话”中的这种语义重复造成了预期差异，是幽默的来源，也是人们反叛高密度信息社会的一种心理策略。
其实，英文中也有一位“废话大家”，Yogi Berra（尤吉·贝拉）作为一名杰出的棒球手，语录已经红遍网络。拥趸们称它为“Yogi-ism”（“尤语”）。
Berra is an all-time great player, and yet he is perhaps just as famous for his snappy one-liners, affectionately called "Yogi-isms." He creatively butchered the English language, with Yogi-isms. He had countless expressions and turns of phrase that were memorable because most of them didn’t make any sense. (At the same time, each one had some truth to it.)
尤吉·贝拉是有史以来最伟大的棒球球员之一，但可能也以其俏皮的“一句话”而闻名，粉丝称为“尤语”。他创造性地滥用英语，有着无数令人难忘的表达和词组，其中大多数都没有任何意义（不过，或许每一句都有点道理）。
"It ain't over 'til it's over."
这事儿完事儿之前都还没完。
This is easily the most famous and truest Yogi-ism of them all. This one came about in 1973.
这无疑是“尤语”中最著名、最真实的一条，是他1973年说的。
Some of his more famous expressions include: "
A nickel ain't worth a dime anymore," referring to the ever-increasing cost of living
, or "
The future ain't what it used to be
," which refers to the inevitable changes and advancements of modern society, and "
I always thought that record would stand until it was broken
."
其他“尤语”包括：“五分钱不再值十分钱”，意指不断上涨的生活成本，以及“未来不再是过去的样子”，说的是现代社会不可避免的变化和进步，还有 “我一直认为纪录会一直保持到被打破为止”。
Yogi-isms are now countless, and many of them are just attributed to Berra, even if he never actually said them. As he so perfectly put it: "
I never said most of the things I said.
"
“尤语”现在已经数不胜数，其中很多他从未说过，但是大家都以为是他说的。为此他又创造了一条绝妙“尤语”：“我说的大部分话我都没说过。”
Yogi的语录涵盖广泛。除了单纯的重复，他还有不少无厘头的发言，有些会让人以为他数学不好。
数学不好型：
"Pair up in threes."
三人成一对。
"I usually take a two-hour nap from 1 to 4."
我一般从1点到4点睡两小时午觉。
"Baseball is 90 percent mental. The other half is physical."
棒球90%都是脑力运动，另外一半才是体力运动。
鬼故事型：
"You should always go to other people's funerals, otherwise, they won't come to yours."
你得去别人的葬礼，否则，他们就不会来参加你的葬礼了。
要说废话，网民的评论可能够废，但要论文学，最近可以数到2014年因为“废话现代诗”火过一把的乌青。他最出名的一首是争议颇大的《对白云的赞美》。
对白云的赞美
天上的白云真白啊
真的，很白很
白非常白
非常非常十分白
特别白特白
极其白
贼白
简直白死了
啊——
他的大多数现代诗都是以重复为基本元素的，但细细读来，也绝不是味同嚼蜡。
晚安
晚安晚安晚安
晚安晚安晚安安
晚安 晚安 晚安
我特别想你
晚安晚安晚安
晚安晚安晚安
我特别想你 晚安
晚安晚安晚安
鸡会难过
这时候一只鸡
走过来
说我很难过
鸡很难过
我也很难过
摆摊卖诗指南
卖不出去
是正常的
除了废话文学，近来兴起的还有“矛盾文学”。
跟重复不一样，“矛盾文学”把语义对立的两个事物放在一起，造成的预期差异也有幽默的效果。
中文网络世界就有自己的“矛盾文学”，典型的欲抑先扬：
视频挺短的，就是有些长。
发型挺好看的，就是有点丑。
唱得挺好听，下次别唱了。
你用过哪些废话/矛盾文学语录吗？
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：左卓、陈一驰、丹妮） | Berra is an all-time great player, and yet he is perhaps just as famous for his snappy one-liners, affectionately called "Yogi-isms." He creatively butchered the English language, with Yogi-isms. He had countless expressions and turns of phrase that were memorable because most of them didn’t make any sense. (At the same time, each one had some truth to it.)
"It ain't over 'til it's over."
This is easily the most famous and truest Yogi-ism of them all. This one came about in 1973.
Some of his more famous expressions include: "
A nickel ain't worth a dime anymore," referring to the ever-increasing cost of living
, or "
The future ain't what it used to be
," which refers to the inevitable changes and advancements of modern society, and "
I always thought that record would stand until it was broken
."
Yogi-isms are now countless, and many of them are just attributed to Berra, even if he never actually said them. As he so perfectly put it: "
I never said most of the things I said.
"
"Pair up in threes."
"I usually take a two-hour nap from 1 to 4."
"Baseball is 90 percent mental. The other half is physical."
"You should always go to other people's funerals, otherwise, they won't come to yours." | 废话对答是什么效果？
A：“听君一席话，如听一席话。”
B：“你搁这儿搁这儿呢？”
这样的对话，即使信息量为零，仍然具备幽默效果。
废话，逐渐成了信息时代的一股“清流”。重复，是“废话文学”最明显的特征。
一个词或一个短语，在条件句后的主句中重复一遍，能造成一种意想不到的嘲弄幽默效果。
比如这些：
能力越大，能力就越大。
如果你是我姐妹的话，我们就是姐妹。
如果我没猜错的话，我一定是猜对了。
但凡你这话有点道理，也不至于一点道理也没有。
如果你愿意多花点时间了解我，你就会发现多花了点时间。
你也可以做单位换算：
台上一分钟，台下六十秒。
七天不见，如隔一周。
利用好自己的同义词储备：
这个西红柿一股番茄味。
这个马铃薯怎么长得跟土豆一样。
也可以特别硬核地套娃重复：
我直呼我直呼……
你搁这儿搁这儿呢……
俗话说得好：俗话说得好。
还有这些套用了网络热梗或者古诗的你可能也见过：
我三句话就让男人听了我说三句话。
吾家洗砚池头树，挨着吾家洗砚池。
我睡着之前还是醒的。
上次这么无语还是上次。
有人说，“废话”中的这种语义重复造成了预期差异，是幽默的来源，也是人们反叛高密度信息社会的一种心理策略。
其实，英文中也有一位“废话大家”，Yogi Berra（尤吉·贝拉）作为一名杰出的棒球手，语录已经红遍网络。拥趸们称它为“Yogi-ism”（“尤语”）。
尤吉·贝拉是有史以来最伟大的棒球球员之一，但可能也以其俏皮的“一句话”而闻名，粉丝称为“尤语”。他创造性地滥用英语，有着无数令人难忘的表达和词组，其中大多数都没有任何意义（不过，或许每一句都有点道理）。
这事儿完事儿之前都还没完。
这无疑是“尤语”中最著名、最真实的一条，是他1973年说的。
其他“尤语”包括：“五分钱不再值十分钱”，意指不断上涨的生活成本，以及“未来不再是过去的样子”，说的是现代社会不可避免的变化和进步，还有 “我一直认为纪录会一直保持到被打破为止”。
“尤语”现在已经数不胜数，其中很多他从未说过，但是大家都以为是他说的。为此他又创造了一条绝妙“尤语”：“我说的大部分话我都没说过。”
Yogi的语录涵盖广泛。除了单纯的重复，他还有不少无厘头的发言，有些会让人以为他数学不好。
数学不好型：
三人成一对。
我一般从1点到4点睡两小时午觉。
棒球90%都是脑力运动，另外一半才是体力运动。
鬼故事型：
你得去别人的葬礼，否则，他们就不会来参加你的葬礼了。
要说废话，网民的评论可能够废，但要论文学，最近可以数到2014年因为“废话现代诗”火过一把的乌青。他最出名的一首是争议颇大的《对白云的赞美》。
对白云的赞美
天上的白云真白啊
真的，很白很
白非常白
非常非常十分白
特别白特白
极其白
贼白
简直白死了
啊——
他的大多数现代诗都是以重复为基本元素的，但细细读来，也绝不是味同嚼蜡。
晚安
晚安晚安晚安
晚安晚安晚安安
晚安 晚安 晚安
我特别想你
晚安晚安晚安
晚安晚安晚安
我特别想你 晚安
晚安晚安晚安
鸡会难过
这时候一只鸡
走过来
说我很难过
鸡很难过
我也很难过
摆摊卖诗指南
卖不出去
是正常的
除了废话文学，近来兴起的还有“矛盾文学”。
跟重复不一样，“矛盾文学”把语义对立的两个事物放在一起，造成的预期差异也有幽默的效果。
中文网络世界就有自己的“矛盾文学”，典型的欲抑先扬：
视频挺短的，就是有些长。
发型挺好看的，就是有点丑。
唱得挺好听，下次别唱了。
你用过哪些废话/矛盾文学语录吗？
（来源：中国日报双语新闻微信 编辑：左卓、陈一驰、丹妮） |
上周末，全球首富埃隆·马斯克在推特上发起了一项投票，问网友是否支持他卖掉10%的特斯拉股票，结果有过半人投票表示支持。本周三，马斯克遵守诺言，卖掉了价值约50亿美元的特斯拉股票。马斯克从来不拿现金工资，他表示自己纳税的唯一方法就是出售股票。
Tesla CEO Elon Musk attends the Tesla Shanghai Gigafactory groundbreaking ceremony in Shanghai, China January 7, 2019. REUTERS/Aly Song
Tesla chief executive Elon Musk has sold around $5bn of shares in the electric carmaker.
特斯拉总裁埃隆·马斯克已卖出他在特斯拉电动汽车公司价值约50亿美元（约合人民币320亿元）的股票。
It comes days after he asked his 63 million Twitter followers whether he should sell 10% of his stake in Tesla.
数日前他曾向6300万推特粉丝发问，是否应该卖掉他在特斯拉10%的股票。
The company's shares fell by around 16% in the two days after the poll came out in favour of him selling shares, before regaining some ground on Wednesday.
支持他卖掉股票的投票结果出来后的两天内，特斯拉股价狂跌近16%，本周三（11月10日）股价才有所回升。
Tesla is the world's most valuable carmaker, with a stock market valuation of more than $1tn.
特斯拉是全世界最有价值的汽车制造商，市场估值超过1万亿美元。
Mr Musk's trust sold almost 3.6 million shares in Tesla, worth around $4bn.
马斯克的基金会卖掉了他在特斯拉的近360万股股票，价值约40亿美元。
He also sold another 934,000 shares for about $1.1bn after exercising options to acquire nearly 2.2 million shares, according to filings with the US stock market regulator.
美国证监会的文件显示，马斯克买入了近220万股特斯拉期权，随后又卖出了934000股股票，获利约11亿美元。
The documents showed that the sale of about a fifth of the shares was made based on a pre-arranged trading plan set up in September, long before Mr Musk's social media posts at the weekend about selling some of his shares.
文件显示，马斯克卖出的股票中有五分之一是预先安排好的，他在九月份就公布过这一交易计划，早在上周末在社交媒体发帖说要卖股票之前。
Mr Musk has highlighted that he is not paid in cash by Tesla and only has stock.
马斯克曾强调过，他在特斯拉的收入全是股票，没有现金。
Part of the latest transaction saw him exercising stock options that he was awarded as part of his pay package in 2012, which is due to expire in August next year.
最近的交易显示，他行使的股票期权是即将于明年八月过期的2012年薪酬奖励的一部分。
Mr Musk has one option to buy 22.86 million Tesla shares at $6.24 each, but if he doesn't exercise the stock option then the shares would become worthless after the expiry date.
马斯克可以以每股6.24美元的价格买入2286万股特斯拉股票，如果他不行使股权，这部分股票在过期后将会变得一文不值。
Such transactions trigger income taxes, which are typically settled using money raised from immediately selling some of the newly acquired shares.
这种交易会产生所得税，这笔税款一般通过立即出售一部分新购股票所得来缴纳。
His move also comes as US Democrats have proposed a so-called "billionaires tax", which could have the richest taxed on "unrealised gains" even if they do not sell any of their stock.
此前，美国民主党提出了所谓的“亿万富翁所得税”，要求对富豪的“未实现收益”征税，即使他们没有卖掉任何股票，也要征税。
Screenshot from BBC
On Saturday, Mr Musk posted a poll asking his followers to vote on whether he should sell part of his stake in Tesla to meet his tax obligations.
上周六（11月6日），马斯克让粉丝投票决定他是否应该出售自己在特斯拉的部分股票以履行纳税义务。
"Much is made lately of unrealised gains being a means of tax avoidance, so I propose selling 10% of my Tesla stock," he tweeted.
他发推称：“最近有很多人认为未实现收益是一种避税手段，所以我提议出售自己在特斯拉的10%的股票。”
"I will abide by the results of this poll, whichever way it goes."
“无论结果如何，我都会按照这次投票的结果履行承诺。”
The poll attracted more than 3.5 million votes, with nearly 58% voting in favour of the share sale.
这次投票吸引了逾350万人参加，近58%投票支持马斯克卖掉股票。
It was Mr Musk's first sale of shares since 2016, when he last exercised stock options. At the time he also sold some of the shares to cover an income tax bill of close to $600m.
这是马斯克自2016年（上一次行使股票期权之时）以来第一次出售股票。当时他为了缴纳近6亿美元的所得税款卖掉了一部分股票。
Mr Musk is the world's richest person, with a fortune estimated to be more than $280bn.
马斯克是全世界最富有的人，资产估值超过了2800亿美元。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Tesla CEO Elon Musk attends the Tesla Shanghai Gigafactory groundbreaking ceremony in Shanghai, China January 7, 2019. REUTERS/Aly Song
Tesla chief executive Elon Musk has sold around $5bn of shares in the electric carmaker.
It comes days after he asked his 63 million Twitter followers whether he should sell 10% of his stake in Tesla.
The company's shares fell by around 16% in the two days after the poll came out in favour of him selling shares, before regaining some ground on Wednesday.
Tesla is the world's most valuable carmaker, with a stock market valuation of more than $1tn.
Mr Musk's trust sold almost 3.6 million shares in Tesla, worth around $4bn.
He also sold another 934,000 shares for about $1.1bn after exercising options to acquire nearly 2.2 million shares, according to filings with the US stock market regulator.
The documents showed that the sale of about a fifth of the shares was made based on a pre-arranged trading plan set up in September, long before Mr Musk's social media posts at the weekend about selling some of his shares.
Mr Musk has highlighted that he is not paid in cash by Tesla and only has stock.
Part of the latest transaction saw him exercising stock options that he was awarded as part of his pay package in 2012, which is due to expire in August next year.
Mr Musk has one option to buy 22.86 million Tesla shares at $6.24 each, but if he doesn't exercise the stock option then the shares would become worthless after the expiry date.
Such transactions trigger income taxes, which are typically settled using money raised from immediately selling some of the newly acquired shares.
His move also comes as US Democrats have proposed a so-called "billionaires tax", which could have the richest taxed on "unrealised gains" even if they do not sell any of their stock.
Screenshot from BBC
On Saturday, Mr Musk posted a poll asking his followers to vote on whether he should sell part of his stake in Tesla to meet his tax obligations.
"Much is made lately of unrealised gains being a means of tax avoidance, so I propose selling 10% of my Tesla stock," he tweeted.
"I will abide by the results of this poll, whichever way it goes."
The poll attracted more than 3.5 million votes, with nearly 58% voting in favour of the share sale.
It was Mr Musk's first sale of shares since 2016, when he last exercised stock options. At the time he also sold some of the shares to cover an income tax bill of close to $600m.
Mr Musk is the world's richest person, with a fortune estimated to be more than $280bn. | 上周末，全球首富埃隆·马斯克在推特上发起了一项投票，问网友是否支持他卖掉10%的特斯拉股票，结果有过半人投票表示支持。本周三，马斯克遵守诺言，卖掉了价值约50亿美元的特斯拉股票。马斯克从来不拿现金工资，他表示自己纳税的唯一方法就是出售股票。
特斯拉总裁埃隆·马斯克已卖出他在特斯拉电动汽车公司价值约50亿美元（约合人民币320亿元）的股票。
数日前他曾向6300万推特粉丝发问，是否应该卖掉他在特斯拉10%的股票。
支持他卖掉股票的投票结果出来后的两天内，特斯拉股价狂跌近16%，本周三（11月10日）股价才有所回升。
特斯拉是全世界最有价值的汽车制造商，市场估值超过1万亿美元。
马斯克的基金会卖掉了他在特斯拉的近360万股股票，价值约40亿美元。
美国证监会的文件显示，马斯克买入了近220万股特斯拉期权，随后又卖出了934000股股票，获利约11亿美元。
文件显示，马斯克卖出的股票中有五分之一是预先安排好的，他在九月份就公布过这一交易计划，早在上周末在社交媒体发帖说要卖股票之前。
马斯克曾强调过，他在特斯拉的收入全是股票，没有现金。
最近的交易显示，他行使的股票期权是即将于明年八月过期的2012年薪酬奖励的一部分。
马斯克可以以每股6.24美元的价格买入2286万股特斯拉股票，如果他不行使股权，这部分股票在过期后将会变得一文不值。
这种交易会产生所得税，这笔税款一般通过立即出售一部分新购股票所得来缴纳。
此前，美国民主党提出了所谓的“亿万富翁所得税”，要求对富豪的“未实现收益”征税，即使他们没有卖掉任何股票，也要征税。
上周六（11月6日），马斯克让粉丝投票决定他是否应该出售自己在特斯拉的部分股票以履行纳税义务。
他发推称：“最近有很多人认为未实现收益是一种避税手段，所以我提议出售自己在特斯拉的10%的股票。”
“无论结果如何，我都会按照这次投票的结果履行承诺。”
这次投票吸引了逾350万人参加，近58%投票支持马斯克卖掉股票。
这是马斯克自2016年（上一次行使股票期权之时）以来第一次出售股票。当时他为了缴纳近6亿美元的所得税款卖掉了一部分股票。
马斯克是全世界最富有的人，资产估值超过了2800亿美元。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
联合国气候报告反复强调，要把全球升温幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内。此前《巴黎协定》提出的目标是，要把升幅控制在2摄氏度以内，同时尽力不超过1.5摄氏度。全球升温1.5度和2度的区别到底有多大？
A crushed bottle is seen on the dry ground of the Jaguari dam, which is part of the Cantareira reservoir system, during a drought in Joanopolis, near Sao Paulo, Brazil, October 8, 2021. REUTERS/Amanda Perobelli
Over and over at the UN climate summit in Glasgow, world leaders have stressed the need to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
在格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候变化大会上，世界各国领导人反复强调，必须把全球变暖幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内。
The 2015 Paris Agreement commits countries to limit the global average temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to aim for 1.5°C.
2015年达成的《巴黎协定》中，各国政府承诺将全球平均温度控制在比前工业化水平升温2摄氏度以内，并努力达到升温1.5摄氏度以内的目标。
Scientists have said crossing the 1.5°C threshold risks unleashing far more severe climate change effects on people, wildlife and ecosystems.
科学家指出，升温幅度超过1.5摄氏度意味着人类、野生动植物和生态系统都可能遭受气候变化带来的更严重后果。
Preventing it requires almost halving global CO2 emissions by 2030 from 2010 levels and cutting them to net-zero by 2050.
防止全球升温超过1.5摄氏度要求我们在2030年前将全球碳排放量减少为2010年的一半，并在2050年前实现净零排放。
But what is the difference between 1.5°C and 2°C of warming?
但是全球升温1.5摄氏度和升温2摄氏度有什么不同呢？
Already, the world has heated to around 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels. Each of the last four decades was hotter than any decade since 1850.
当前，全球温度已经比前工业化水平高出约1.1摄氏度。过去四个十年的气温比1850年以来的任何一个十年都更高。
"We never had such a global warming in only a few decades", said climate scientist Daniela Jacob at the Climate Service Center Germany. "Half a degree means much more extreme weather, and it can be more often, more intense, or extended in duration."
德国气候服务中心的气候科学家丹妮拉·雅各布说：“仅仅数十年就升温这么多，这样的全球变暖是从未发生过的。升温0.5度意味着更极端的天气会更频繁地出现，极端天气会更恶劣或持续更长时间。”
Just this year, torrential rains flooded Western Europe, killing hundreds of people. Hundreds more died when temperatures in the Pacific Northwest hit record highs. Greenland saw massive melting events, wildfires ravaged the Mediterranean and Siberia, and record drought hit parts of Brazil.
就在今年，欧洲西部暴雨引发的洪水令数百人丧生。太平洋西北地区的破纪录高温天气也导致数百人死亡。格陵兰岛冰川大规模融化。地中海地区和西伯利亚野火肆虐。巴西部分地区遭遇了史上罕见的旱灾。
Houses destroyed by the flood are pictured in Mayschoss, Germany, July 29, 2021. REUTERS/Andreas Kranz
"Climate change is already affecting every inhabited region across the globe," said climate scientist Rachel Warren at the University of East Anglia.
东英吉利亚大学的气候科学家瑞秋·沃伦说：“气候变化已经影响到了人类居住的每个角落。”
More warming to 1.5°C and beyond will worsen such impacts. For example, heatwaves would become both more frequent and more severe.
全球升温超过1.5摄氏度将会加剧气候变化的影响。比如，高温将会更频繁地来袭，程度也会更严重。
A warmer atmosphere can also hold more moisture, resulting in more extreme rainfall that raises flood risks. It also increases evaporation, leading to more intense droughts.
气温升高还会让大气变得更湿润，引发更多强降雨，从而增加洪水风险。蒸发量增加还会导致更严重的干旱。
"At 1.5°C, there’s a good chance we can prevent most of the Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheet from collapsing," said climate scientist Michael Mann at Pennsylvania State University.
宾夕法尼亚州立大学的气候科学家迈克尔·曼恩说：“如果升温幅度在1.5摄氏度以内，我们还有可能防止格陵兰岛和南极西部的大部分冰盖融化崩塌。”
That would help limit sea level rise to a few feet by the end of the century - still a big change that would erode coastlines and inundate some small island states and coastal cities.
这有助于在本世纪末将海平面上升水平控制在几英尺以内，尽管海平面上升几英尺仍然会造成巨变，包括侵蚀海岸线、淹没一些小岛国和沿海城市。
But blow past 2°C and the ice sheets could collapse, Mann said, with sea levels rising up to 10 metres - though how quickly that could happen is uncertain.
曼恩说，但是如果升温幅度超过2摄氏度，冰盖就会瓦解，海平面会上升10米之多。不过，不确定这一天来得会有多快。
Warming of 1.5°C would destroy at least 70% of coral reefs, but at 2°C more than 99% would be lost. That would destroy fish habitats and communities that rely on reefs for their food and livelihoods.
全球升温1.5摄氏度会摧毁至少70%的珊瑚礁，但是如果升温2摄氏度，超过99%的珊瑚礁都会死亡。这对于依赖珊瑚觅食和栖息的鱼群是一个毁灭性打击。
Warming of 2°C, versus 1.5°C, would also increase the impact on food production.
全球升温由1.5摄氏度到2摄氏度还会加大对粮食生产的影响。
"If you have crop failures in a couple of the breadbaskets of the world at the same time, then you could see extreme food price spikes and hunger and famine across wide swathes of the world," said climate scientist Simon Lewis at University College London.
伦敦大学学院的气候科学家西蒙·路易斯说：“如果世界上的几个粮食主产地同时发生农作物歉收，大范围的食品价格飞涨和饥荒将会席卷全球。”
A warmer world could see the mosquitoes that carry diseases such as malaria and dengue fever expand across a wider range. But 2°C would also see a bigger share of insects and animals lose most of their habitat range, compared with 1.5°C, and increase the risk of forest fires - another risk to wildlife.
全球变暖会导致携带疟疾和登革热病毒的蚊虫大范围滋生。相比升温1.5摄氏度，升温2摄氏度会让更多昆虫和动物失去大部分栖息地，还会增加森林火灾风险，进而危及野生动植物的生存。
Flames rise as a wildfire burns in the village of Galatsona, on the island of Evia, Greece, August 9, 2021. REUTERS/Nicolas Economou
As the world heats up, the risk increases that the planet will reach "tipping points", where Earth’s systems cross a threshold that triggers irreversible or cascading impacts. Exactly when those points would be reached is uncertain.
随着全球变暖，地球达到“临界点”的风险也会增加。一旦到达这个临界点，就会触发地球系统不可逆转的连锁效应。但是具体何时到达临界点还不确定。
Droughts, reduced rainfall, and continued destruction of the Amazon through deforestation, for example, could see the rainforest system collapse, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere rather than storing it. Or warming Arctic permafrost could cause long-frozen biomass to decompose, releasing vast amount of carbon emissions.
举例来说，干旱、降雨减少以及对亚马逊雨林持续性的砍伐，将会导致雨林系统崩溃，结果就是将二氧化碳释放到空气中而不是将二氧化碳储存起来。北极永久冻土的融化会导致冰封多年的生物遗骸腐烂，从而产生大量的二氧化碳。
Warming of 2.7°C would deliver "unliveable heat" for parts of the year across areas of the tropics and subtropics. Biodiversity would be enormously depleted, food security would drop, and extreme weather would exceed most urban infrastructure's capacity to cope, scientists said.
科学家指出，全球升温2.7摄氏度会导致热带和亚热带地区在一年中的部分季节“因为炎热而无法居住”。生物多样性会遭到极大破坏，粮食安全将受到冲击，极端天气将会超出多数城市基建的应对能力。
"If we can keep warming below 3°C we likely remain within our adaptive capacity as a civilization, but at 2.7°C warming we would experience great hardship," said Mann.
曼恩说：“如果我们能把全球升温控制在3摄氏度以内，人类文明可能还能够适应气候变化的影响，但是升温幅度达到2.7摄氏度后，我们的日子就会很难过。”
来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | A crushed bottle is seen on the dry ground of the Jaguari dam, which is part of the Cantareira reservoir system, during a drought in Joanopolis, near Sao Paulo, Brazil, October 8, 2021. REUTERS/Amanda Perobelli
Over and over at the UN climate summit in Glasgow, world leaders have stressed the need to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
The 2015 Paris Agreement commits countries to limit the global average temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to aim for 1.5°C.
Scientists have said crossing the 1.5°C threshold risks unleashing far more severe climate change effects on people, wildlife and ecosystems.
Preventing it requires almost halving global CO2 emissions by 2030 from 2010 levels and cutting them to net-zero by 2050.
But what is the difference between 1.5°C and 2°C of warming?
Already, the world has heated to around 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels. Each of the last four decades was hotter than any decade since 1850.
"We never had such a global warming in only a few decades", said climate scientist Daniela Jacob at the Climate Service Center Germany. "Half a degree means much more extreme weather, and it can be more often, more intense, or extended in duration."
Just this year, torrential rains flooded Western Europe, killing hundreds of people. Hundreds more died when temperatures in the Pacific Northwest hit record highs. Greenland saw massive melting events, wildfires ravaged the Mediterranean and Siberia, and record drought hit parts of Brazil.
Houses destroyed by the flood are pictured in Mayschoss, Germany, July 29, 2021. REUTERS/Andreas Kranz
"Climate change is already affecting every inhabited region across the globe," said climate scientist Rachel Warren at the University of East Anglia.
More warming to 1.5°C and beyond will worsen such impacts. For example, heatwaves would become both more frequent and more severe.
A warmer atmosphere can also hold more moisture, resulting in more extreme rainfall that raises flood risks. It also increases evaporation, leading to more intense droughts.
"At 1.5°C, there’s a good chance we can prevent most of the Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheet from collapsing," said climate scientist Michael Mann at Pennsylvania State University.
That would help limit sea level rise to a few feet by the end of the century - still a big change that would erode coastlines and inundate some small island states and coastal cities.
But blow past 2°C and the ice sheets could collapse, Mann said, with sea levels rising up to 10 metres - though how quickly that could happen is uncertain.
Warming of 1.5°C would destroy at least 70% of coral reefs, but at 2°C more than 99% would be lost. That would destroy fish habitats and communities that rely on reefs for their food and livelihoods.
Warming of 2°C, versus 1.5°C, would also increase the impact on food production.
"If you have crop failures in a couple of the breadbaskets of the world at the same time, then you could see extreme food price spikes and hunger and famine across wide swathes of the world," said climate scientist Simon Lewis at University College London.
A warmer world could see the mosquitoes that carry diseases such as malaria and dengue fever expand across a wider range. But 2°C would also see a bigger share of insects and animals lose most of their habitat range, compared with 1.5°C, and increase the risk of forest fires - another risk to wildlife.
Flames rise as a wildfire burns in the village of Galatsona, on the island of Evia, Greece, August 9, 2021. REUTERS/Nicolas Economou
As the world heats up, the risk increases that the planet will reach "tipping points", where Earth’s systems cross a threshold that triggers irreversible or cascading impacts. Exactly when those points would be reached is uncertain.
Droughts, reduced rainfall, and continued destruction of the Amazon through deforestation, for example, could see the rainforest system collapse, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere rather than storing it. Or warming Arctic permafrost could cause long-frozen biomass to decompose, releasing vast amount of carbon emissions.
Warming of 2.7°C would deliver "unliveable heat" for parts of the year across areas of the tropics and subtropics. Biodiversity would be enormously depleted, food security would drop, and extreme weather would exceed most urban infrastructure's capacity to cope, scientists said.
"If we can keep warming below 3°C we likely remain within our adaptive capacity as a civilization, but at 2.7°C warming we would experience great hardship," said Mann. | 联合国气候报告反复强调，要把全球升温幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内。此前《巴黎协定》提出的目标是，要把升幅控制在2摄氏度以内，同时尽力不超过1.5摄氏度。全球升温1.5度和2度的区别到底有多大？
在格拉斯哥举行的联合国气候变化大会上，世界各国领导人反复强调，必须把全球变暖幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内。
2015年达成的《巴黎协定》中，各国政府承诺将全球平均温度控制在比前工业化水平升温2摄氏度以内，并努力达到升温1.5摄氏度以内的目标。
科学家指出，升温幅度超过1.5摄氏度意味着人类、野生动植物和生态系统都可能遭受气候变化带来的更严重后果。
防止全球升温超过1.5摄氏度要求我们在2030年前将全球碳排放量减少为2010年的一半，并在2050年前实现净零排放。
但是全球升温1.5摄氏度和升温2摄氏度有什么不同呢？
当前，全球温度已经比前工业化水平高出约1.1摄氏度。过去四个十年的气温比1850年以来的任何一个十年都更高。
德国气候服务中心的气候科学家丹妮拉·雅各布说：“仅仅数十年就升温这么多，这样的全球变暖是从未发生过的。升温0.5度意味着更极端的天气会更频繁地出现，极端天气会更恶劣或持续更长时间。”
就在今年，欧洲西部暴雨引发的洪水令数百人丧生。太平洋西北地区的破纪录高温天气也导致数百人死亡。格陵兰岛冰川大规模融化。地中海地区和西伯利亚野火肆虐。巴西部分地区遭遇了史上罕见的旱灾。
东英吉利亚大学的气候科学家瑞秋·沃伦说：“气候变化已经影响到了人类居住的每个角落。”
全球升温超过1.5摄氏度将会加剧气候变化的影响。比如，高温将会更频繁地来袭，程度也会更严重。
气温升高还会让大气变得更湿润，引发更多强降雨，从而增加洪水风险。蒸发量增加还会导致更严重的干旱。
宾夕法尼亚州立大学的气候科学家迈克尔·曼恩说：“如果升温幅度在1.5摄氏度以内，我们还有可能防止格陵兰岛和南极西部的大部分冰盖融化崩塌。”
这有助于在本世纪末将海平面上升水平控制在几英尺以内，尽管海平面上升几英尺仍然会造成巨变，包括侵蚀海岸线、淹没一些小岛国和沿海城市。
曼恩说，但是如果升温幅度超过2摄氏度，冰盖就会瓦解，海平面会上升10米之多。不过，不确定这一天来得会有多快。
全球升温1.5摄氏度会摧毁至少70%的珊瑚礁，但是如果升温2摄氏度，超过99%的珊瑚礁都会死亡。这对于依赖珊瑚觅食和栖息的鱼群是一个毁灭性打击。
全球升温由1.5摄氏度到2摄氏度还会加大对粮食生产的影响。
伦敦大学学院的气候科学家西蒙·路易斯说：“如果世界上的几个粮食主产地同时发生农作物歉收，大范围的食品价格飞涨和饥荒将会席卷全球。”
全球变暖会导致携带疟疾和登革热病毒的蚊虫大范围滋生。相比升温1.5摄氏度，升温2摄氏度会让更多昆虫和动物失去大部分栖息地，还会增加森林火灾风险，进而危及野生动植物的生存。
随着全球变暖，地球达到“临界点”的风险也会增加。一旦到达这个临界点，就会触发地球系统不可逆转的连锁效应。但是具体何时到达临界点还不确定。
举例来说，干旱、降雨减少以及对亚马逊雨林持续性的砍伐，将会导致雨林系统崩溃，结果就是将二氧化碳释放到空气中而不是将二氧化碳储存起来。北极永久冻土的融化会导致冰封多年的生物遗骸腐烂，从而产生大量的二氧化碳。
科学家指出，全球升温2.7摄氏度会导致热带和亚热带地区在一年中的部分季节“因为炎热而无法居住”。生物多样性会遭到极大破坏，粮食安全将受到冲击，极端天气将会超出多数城市基建的应对能力。
曼恩说：“如果我们能把全球升温控制在3摄氏度以内，人类文明可能还能够适应气候变化的影响，但是升温幅度达到2.7摄氏度后，我们的日子就会很难过。”
来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
新加坡卫生部宣布，从12月8日起，符合接种疫苗条件却主动放弃接种的人，若感染新冠病毒，需自付医药费。此举是为了鼓励未接种疫苗的民众尽快接种。
People cross a road, amidst the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, in Singapore November 3, 2021. REUTERS/Caroline Chia
Singapore will no longer pay the Covid-19 medical bills for people “unvaccinated by choice”, the government said, as the country grapples with a surge in cases.
随着近期新冠病例激增，新加坡政府表示，新加坡将不再为“自愿选择不打疫苗的”人群支付新冠肺炎医疗账单。
The government currently covers the full Covid medical costs for all Singaporeans, as well as permanent residents and long-term visa holders, unless they test positive soon after returning home from overseas.
新加坡政府目前为所有公民、永久居民和长期签证持有者全额支付新冠肺炎医疗费用，从海外归国后不久检测出感染新冠病毒的人除外。
However from 8 December, the government said it will “begin charging Covid-19 patients who are unvaccinated by choice”.
但是，新加坡政府称，将从12月8日起“开始对自愿选择不打疫苗的新冠患者收取治疗费”。
It said unvaccinated people “make up a sizeable majority of those who require intensive in-patient care and disproportionately contribute to the strain on our healthcare resources”.
新加坡政府指出，不打疫苗的人“占据了重症监护患者的大多数，并且极大地造成国内医疗资源的紧张”。
Covid-related medical bills will still be paid for people who aren’t eligible for a vaccine. The government will also foot the bill for individuals who are partially vaccinated until 31 December, giving them time to get a second dose.
对于不符合接种疫苗条件的患者，政府依然会为其支付新冠相关医疗账单。政府还会继续为只打了第一针疫苗的患者承担新冠治疗费，直到12月31日，好让他们有时间打第二针。
People above 70 years old wait in an observation area after getting a dose of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine at a vaccination center in Singapore January 27, 2021. REUTERS/Edgar Su
Singapore has among the highest coverage rates in the world, with 85% of the eligible population fully vaccinated.
新加坡的疫苗接种率是全世界最高的，符合接种条件的人口已有85%完成接种。
Yet the city state is struggling with rising Covid infections and last month warned its healthcare system was at risk of being “overwhelmed” by surging cases. It came a day after the country expanded quarantine-free travel as part of a shift in its approach to dealing with the pandemic.
但是，该国目前正在努力应对不断增加的新冠病例。上个月新加坡政府警告称，医疗系统可能会因新冠病例暴增而“不堪重负”。一天前，新加坡刚刚扩大入境免隔离名单，这是该国应对疫情的新举措。
The prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong, previously said the global business hub could not remain closed indefinitely, and Singapore has moved from a zero-tolerance strategy with lockdowns and closed borders to living with Covid-19.
新加坡总理李显龙先前表示，作为全球经济中心，新加坡不能无限期地封闭国门，新加坡已经从封锁和关闭边境的“清零”策略转变为与新冠共存的新模式。
A spike in infections after the relaxation of some restrictions prompted the island to pause further reopening in late October. Social curbs were extended for around a month in order to contain the spread of Covid and ease the pressure on the healthcare system.
新加坡放松部分限制措施后确诊病例数量激增，迫使该国在十月底暂停进一步开放国门。为了遏制新冠病毒传播，减轻对医疗系统的压力，政府将社交限制措施延期了近一个月。
On 8 November, the country reported 2,470 new cases and 14 deaths. The ministry of heath said 67 Covid cases were critically ill in intensive care.
11月8日，该国报告了2470例新增病例和14例死亡病例。卫生部称，67例新冠患者目前在重症监护室接受治疗。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | People cross a road, amidst the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, in Singapore November 3, 2021. REUTERS/Caroline Chia
Singapore will no longer pay the Covid-19 medical bills for people “unvaccinated by choice”, the government said, as the country grapples with a surge in cases.
The government currently covers the full Covid medical costs for all Singaporeans, as well as permanent residents and long-term visa holders, unless they test positive soon after returning home from overseas.
However from 8 December, the government said it will “begin charging Covid-19 patients who are unvaccinated by choice”.
It said unvaccinated people “make up a sizeable majority of those who require intensive in-patient care and disproportionately contribute to the strain on our healthcare resources”.
Covid-related medical bills will still be paid for people who aren’t eligible for a vaccine. The government will also foot the bill for individuals who are partially vaccinated until 31 December, giving them time to get a second dose.
People above 70 years old wait in an observation area after getting a dose of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine at a vaccination center in Singapore January 27, 2021. REUTERS/Edgar Su
Singapore has among the highest coverage rates in the world, with 85% of the eligible population fully vaccinated.
Yet the city state is struggling with rising Covid infections and last month warned its healthcare system was at risk of being “overwhelmed” by surging cases. It came a day after the country expanded quarantine-free travel as part of a shift in its approach to dealing with the pandemic.
The prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong, previously said the global business hub could not remain closed indefinitely, and Singapore has moved from a zero-tolerance strategy with lockdowns and closed borders to living with Covid-19.
A spike in infections after the relaxation of some restrictions prompted the island to pause further reopening in late October. Social curbs were extended for around a month in order to contain the spread of Covid and ease the pressure on the healthcare system.
On 8 November, the country reported 2,470 new cases and 14 deaths. The ministry of heath said 67 Covid cases were critically ill in intensive care. | 新加坡卫生部宣布，从12月8日起，符合接种疫苗条件却主动放弃接种的人，若感染新冠病毒，需自付医药费。此举是为了鼓励未接种疫苗的民众尽快接种。
随着近期新冠病例激增，新加坡政府表示，新加坡将不再为“自愿选择不打疫苗的”人群支付新冠肺炎医疗账单。
新加坡政府目前为所有公民、永久居民和长期签证持有者全额支付新冠肺炎医疗费用，从海外归国后不久检测出感染新冠病毒的人除外。
但是，新加坡政府称，将从12月8日起“开始对自愿选择不打疫苗的新冠患者收取治疗费”。
新加坡政府指出，不打疫苗的人“占据了重症监护患者的大多数，并且极大地造成国内医疗资源的紧张”。
对于不符合接种疫苗条件的患者，政府依然会为其支付新冠相关医疗账单。政府还会继续为只打了第一针疫苗的患者承担新冠治疗费，直到12月31日，好让他们有时间打第二针。
新加坡的疫苗接种率是全世界最高的，符合接种条件的人口已有85%完成接种。
但是，该国目前正在努力应对不断增加的新冠病例。上个月新加坡政府警告称，医疗系统可能会因新冠病例暴增而“不堪重负”。一天前，新加坡刚刚扩大入境免隔离名单，这是该国应对疫情的新举措。
新加坡总理李显龙先前表示，作为全球经济中心，新加坡不能无限期地封闭国门，新加坡已经从封锁和关闭边境的“清零”策略转变为与新冠共存的新模式。
新加坡放松部分限制措施后确诊病例数量激增，迫使该国在十月底暂停进一步开放国门。为了遏制新冠病毒传播，减轻对医疗系统的压力，政府将社交限制措施延期了近一个月。
11月8日，该国报告了2470例新增病例和14例死亡病例。卫生部称，67例新冠患者目前在重症监护室接受治疗。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
如果用亲手捡的垃圾来换书看，你愿意吗？印尼的一名图书馆馆长近日在附近的村庄推出了“垃圾换书”借阅服务，受到了孩子们的热烈欢迎。
Founder of the waste library (Limbah Pustaka), Raden Roro Hendarti, 48, arranges books on a three-wheeler vehicle at the library in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
A librarian in Indonesia's Java island is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a novel way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.
印尼爪哇岛的一名图书馆馆长让孩子们用收集的垃圾来换取图书借阅资格，这一新招既能清洁环境，也是为了让孩子们多读书。
Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti rides her three wheeler with books stacked up at the back for children in Muntang village to exchange for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back.
每个工作日，拉登·柔柔·亨达尔蒂都会骑着满载儿童图书的三轮车到满堂村换取塑料杯、塑料袋和其他垃圾，然后再把一车垃圾带回。
Founder of the waste library (Limbah Pustaka), Raden Roro Hendarti, 48, drives a three-wheeler to bring a mobile library to school in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia, November 3, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
She told Reuters she is helping inculcate reading in the kids as well make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her "Trash Library" and clamour for the books.
她告诉路透社说，她在帮助培养孩子们的阅读习惯和环保意识。她一出现，小孩子们就把她的“垃圾图书馆”团团围住，嚷嚷着要书。许多孩子都是在母亲的陪同下来的。
They are all carrying trash bags and Raden's three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result.
孩子们都带来了成袋的垃圾，拉登三轮车上的书被一抢而空后，很快就装满了垃圾。她很高兴此举可以让孩子们少玩点电子游戏。
A woman carries a boy who chooses a book on the mobile library at a kindergarten in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
"Let us build a culture of literacy from young age to mitigate the harm of the online world," Raden said. "We should also take care of our waste in order to fight climate change and to save the earth from trash," Raden said.
拉登说：“让孩子们从小培养文化素养，可以减轻网络世界带来的危害。为了抗击气候变化、拯救地球，我们也应该处理好垃圾。”
She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well.
她每周能收集约100公斤垃圾，由她的同事对垃圾进行分类后将其回收或卖掉。她的馆藏图书共有6000本，她也愿意为邻近地区提供移动借阅服务。
Founder of the waste library (Limbah Pustaka), Raden Roro Hendarti, 48, weighs trash in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
Kevin Alamsyah, an avid 11-year-old reader, scours for waste lying in the village.
酷爱阅读的11岁男孩凯文·阿兰夏在村子里到处搜寻垃圾。
"When there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it's not healthy. That's why I look for trash to borrow a book," he says.
他说：“如果垃圾太多，我们的环境就会变脏，这样不健康。这也是我捡垃圾换书的原因。”
The literacy rate for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent, but a September report by the World Bank warned that the pandemic will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds below the minimum reading proficiency level identified by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
印尼15岁以上人群的识字率约为96%，但是世界银行9月份发布的一份报告警告称，新冠疫情将导致超80%的15岁人群阅读能力低于经济合作与发展组织设定的最低水平。
英文来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Founder of the waste library (Limbah Pustaka), Raden Roro Hendarti, 48, arranges books on a three-wheeler vehicle at the library in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
A librarian in Indonesia's Java island is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a novel way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.
Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti rides her three wheeler with books stacked up at the back for children in Muntang village to exchange for plastic cups, bags and other waste that she carries back.
Founder of the waste library (Limbah Pustaka), Raden Roro Hendarti, 48, drives a three-wheeler to bring a mobile library to school in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia, November 3, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
She told Reuters she is helping inculcate reading in the kids as well make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her "Trash Library" and clamour for the books.
They are all carrying trash bags and Raden's three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She's happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result.
A woman carries a boy who chooses a book on the mobile library at a kindergarten in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
"Let us build a culture of literacy from young age to mitigate the harm of the online world," Raden said. "We should also take care of our waste in order to fight climate change and to save the earth from trash," Raden said.
She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has a stock of 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well.
Founder of the waste library (Limbah Pustaka), Raden Roro Hendarti, 48, weighs trash in Muntang village, Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana
Kevin Alamsyah, an avid 11-year-old reader, scours for waste lying in the village.
"When there is too much trash, our environment will become dirty and it's not healthy. That's why I look for trash to borrow a book," he says.
The literacy rate for above-15-year-olds in Indonesia is around 96 percent, but a September report by the World Bank warned that the pandemic will leave more than 80% of 15-year-olds below the minimum reading proficiency level identified by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. | 如果用亲手捡的垃圾来换书看，你愿意吗？印尼的一名图书馆馆长近日在附近的村庄推出了“垃圾换书”借阅服务，受到了孩子们的热烈欢迎。
印尼爪哇岛的一名图书馆馆长让孩子们用收集的垃圾来换取图书借阅资格，这一新招既能清洁环境，也是为了让孩子们多读书。
每个工作日，拉登·柔柔·亨达尔蒂都会骑着满载儿童图书的三轮车到满堂村换取塑料杯、塑料袋和其他垃圾，然后再把一车垃圾带回。
她告诉路透社说，她在帮助培养孩子们的阅读习惯和环保意识。她一出现，小孩子们就把她的“垃圾图书馆”团团围住，嚷嚷着要书。许多孩子都是在母亲的陪同下来的。
孩子们都带来了成袋的垃圾，拉登三轮车上的书被一抢而空后，很快就装满了垃圾。她很高兴此举可以让孩子们少玩点电子游戏。
拉登说：“让孩子们从小培养文化素养，可以减轻网络世界带来的危害。为了抗击气候变化、拯救地球，我们也应该处理好垃圾。”
她每周能收集约100公斤垃圾，由她的同事对垃圾进行分类后将其回收或卖掉。她的馆藏图书共有6000本，她也愿意为邻近地区提供移动借阅服务。
酷爱阅读的11岁男孩凯文·阿兰夏在村子里到处搜寻垃圾。
他说：“如果垃圾太多，我们的环境就会变脏，这样不健康。这也是我捡垃圾换书的原因。”
印尼15岁以上人群的识字率约为96%，但是世界银行9月份发布的一份报告警告称，新冠疫情将导致超80%的15岁人群阅读能力低于经济合作与发展组织设定的最低水平。
英文来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
第26届联合国气候变化大会
在英国格拉斯哥举行
这是《巴黎协定》来首次全体大会
讨论结果会影响全人类
The COP26 conference is being held in Glasgow. The first major meeting since the Paris Agreement was signed, it will affect the future of the whole mankind.
这次大会背景一言难尽
全球升温已日益明显
冬夏都变得更极端
COP26 is held
against
a rather difficult background. With extreme weather events and other climate change
effects intensifying.
全球疫情尚未消退
却还有能源危机要面对
Worse, there is
also the energy crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic to face.
这种关键时刻
如何让地球别再发热？
How to curb global warming at such a
difficult time?
这个问题要回答
还是得问发达国家
让他们给应对气候变化分点资源
别光给军事、地产、股市投钱
The
developed countries need to invest more in the environment, and less in the
military and real estate.
特别是美国
面对全球的指责
化石燃料却依然烧得很多
Especially the US must cut its use of
fossil fuels,
对地球的未来不管不顾
非等着子孙戳脊梁骨？
so that we can leave our descendants a clean Earth, not a ruined one.
气候变化问题已提出多年
没有太多时间拖延
There is not much time left to save the Earth.
希望美国为首的发达国家
少动点嘴
多跑跑腿
Hope developed countries
do
more actions
to match their words,
学学中国见缝插针种树
一起给世界添点绿
and learn from China in
“greening
”
the world together.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | The COP26 conference is being held in Glasgow. The first major meeting since the Paris Agreement was signed, it will affect the future of the whole mankind.
COP26 is held
against
a rather difficult background. With extreme weather events and other climate change
effects intensifying.
Worse, there is
also the energy crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic to face.
How to curb global warming at such a
difficult time?
The
developed countries need to invest more in the environment, and less in the
military and real estate.
Especially the US must cut its use of
fossil fuels,
so that we can leave our descendants a clean Earth, not a ruined one.
There is not much time left to save the Earth.
Hope developed countries
do
more actions
to match their words,
and learn from China in
“greening
”
the world together. | 第26届联合国气候变化大会
在英国格拉斯哥举行
这是《巴黎协定》来首次全体大会
讨论结果会影响全人类
这次大会背景一言难尽
全球升温已日益明显
冬夏都变得更极端
全球疫情尚未消退
却还有能源危机要面对
这种关键时刻
如何让地球别再发热？
这个问题要回答
还是得问发达国家
让他们给应对气候变化分点资源
别光给军事、地产、股市投钱
特别是美国
面对全球的指责
化石燃料却依然烧得很多
对地球的未来不管不顾
非等着子孙戳脊梁骨？
气候变化问题已提出多年
没有太多时间拖延
希望美国为首的发达国家
少动点嘴
多跑跑腿
学学中国见缝插针种树
一起给世界添点绿
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
很多人都觉得和宠物睡在一起不卫生，但是对于爱宠人士而言，这根本不是问题。跟宠物同床而眠对身心健康到底是利大于弊，还是弊大于利？来听听科学家怎么说。
[Photo/Pexels]
In the quest for better sleep, people often ask if they should share their bed with a pet. Before we get to that, let's take a moment to ponder the flip side: Is sleeping with you good for your pet?
很多人都有这个疑问：和宠物同床睡觉是否有助于睡眠？在回答这个问题之前，我们先来看看问题的另一面：宠物和你睡在一起，是否有利于宠物的健康？
"In general, it is a very good thing for animals to sleep with their people." said Dr. Dana Varble, the chief veterinary officer for the North American Veterinary Community.
北美兽医社区的首席兽医官戴娜·瓦布尔医生说：“总体来说，宠物和人一起睡觉对宠物来说是很好的。”
Pets who share their human's bed tend to have a "higher trust level and a tighter bond with the humans that are in their lives. It's a big display of trust on their part," Varble said.
瓦布尔说，和人同床而眠的宠物通常“对主人更信任更亲密。这是宠物非常信任人类的表现。”
"Dogs and cats who are more closely bonded with their humans get additional health benefits, including increases in beneficial neurotransmitters such as oxytocin and dopamine, the feel-good hormones," she added.
她补充道：“与人类更亲近的狗和猫等动物还能得到额外的益处，包括会分泌更多催产素和多巴胺等神经传导物质，也就是我们所说的快乐激素。”
With that important matter out of the way, let's turn to you -- is it good for you to sleep with a pet? Experts have traditionally said no because you might not get quality shut-eye.
在搞清这个重要问题之后，现在来关注一下宠物主人：和宠物一起睡觉对人有好处吗？传统上，专家都会给出否定答案，因为你可能无法得到高质量睡眠。
"Animals may move, bark and disrupt sleep. Sleep in dogs (and cats) is not continuous and they will inevitably get up and walk on the bed, stepping on people. All of that activity will lead to sleep fragmentation," said Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, director of sleep research and a professor in the department of medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
约翰斯•霍普金斯大学医学院医学系教授弗谢沃洛德·波罗特斯基博士说：“动物会动来动去，大声叫唤，而这会干扰睡眠。狗和猫的睡眠是间断性的，睡一会儿就必然会起来走动，并踩到主人。这些活动都会导致主人的睡眠片段化。”
These "microawakenings," which can happen without your awareness, "are disruptive because they pull you out of deep sleep," said Kristen Knutson, an associate professor of neurology and preventive medicine at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. "They have been associated with the release of the stress hormone, cortisol, which can make sleep even worse."
西北大学范伯格医学院的神经学及预防医学副教授克里斯汀·克努森说：“这些你可能意识不到的短暂觉醒会打断你的深度睡眠，并导致皮质醇释放，而这种压力激素会让你的睡眠质量变得更糟糕。”
That may be true for many of us, but recent studies have shown that pets in the bedroom could be beneficial for some of us.
对许多人而言，和宠物共眠或许确实会影响睡眠质量，但是最近的研究表明，和宠物同睡对一些人是有益的。
"People with depression or anxiety may benefit from having their pet in the bed because the pet is a big pillow, a big blanket, and they may feel that snuggly, cuddly, furry creature decreases their anxiety," said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California.
南加州大学凯克医学院的临床医学助理教授、睡眠专家拉杰·达斯古普塔博士说：“跟宠物同睡可能会对抑郁或焦虑的人有好处，因为宠物就像一个大枕头、一条大毯子，这种温暖舒适、毛绒绒、让人想拥抱的感觉会减轻他们的焦虑情绪。”
Data gathered in 2017 from the Mayo Clinic's Center for Sleep Medicine in Phoenix found over half of pet owners seen in the clinic allowed their pet to sleep in the bedroom -- and the majority found their pet "unobtrusive or even beneficial to sleep."
2017年凤凰城的梅奥诊所睡眠医学中心收集的数据发现，来诊所的超半数宠物主人都让宠物在卧室里睡觉，大部分人认为自己的宠物“没有干扰、甚至有助于自己的睡眠。”
About 20% however, did believe their furry friends made their slumber worse.
不过的确有20%的宠物主人认为宠物让自己的睡眠质量下降了。
Children may benefit from sleeping with a pet as well. A 2021 study asked adolescents ages 13 to 17 to wear sleep trackers for two weeks and then undergo a state-of-the-art sleep test. About a third of the kids slept with a pet, the study noted, which didn't appear to affect the quality of their rest.
孩子们也能得益于和宠物共眠。2021年的一项研究让13到17岁的青少年连续两周佩戴睡眠追踪器并接受最先进的睡眠测试。研究指出，约有三分之一的孩子和宠物一起睡，而且宠物似乎没有影响他们的睡眠质量。
state-of-the-art: adj. 最先进的；达到最高水准的
Despite the new science, many of us still need to think twice about bringing our dogs, cats or indoor pigs into our beds.
尽管新科学理论认为和宠物共眠有益，但是许多人在和狗、猫或宠物猪同睡之前还是要三思。
"It is particularly harmful in people with insomnia or in patients with other sleep disorders," Polotsky said.
波罗特斯基说：“对于患有失眠或其他睡眠障碍的人来说，和宠物同睡尤其有害。”
There is another reason why snuggling with pets all night may not be good for your health. If you are one of the millions of people who suffer from asthma, allergies or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleeping with a furball could become a nightmare.
和宠物一起睡可能对你的健康不利还有另一个原因。如果你是数百万患有哮喘、过敏或慢性阻塞性肺病的患者之一，和宠物一起睡将会带来灾难性的后果。
And there are some pets, Varble said, you should never invite to bed.
瓦布尔说，还有一些宠物是绝对不能和人同床睡觉的。
"I work with exotic pets, and a lot of them have very specific health and safety requirements, including being in an enclosure," Varble said. "So while I know people who are very close to their ferrets and their guinea pigs, they need to be in their enclosure for their health at night. Those are not animals that we would want to have in bed with us."
瓦布尔说：“我曾经和珍禽异兽打过交道，其中不少都有特殊的健康和安全要求，包括圈养规定。我知道有些人与自己的雪貂和豚鼠非常亲密，但是为了健康着想，夜里还是应该把它们关起来。这些动物都不适合和我们同床而眠。”
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
In the quest for better sleep, people often ask if they should share their bed with a pet. Before we get to that, let's take a moment to ponder the flip side: Is sleeping with you good for your pet?
"In general, it is a very good thing for animals to sleep with their people." said Dr. Dana Varble, the chief veterinary officer for the North American Veterinary Community.
Pets who share their human's bed tend to have a "higher trust level and a tighter bond with the humans that are in their lives. It's a big display of trust on their part," Varble said.
"Dogs and cats who are more closely bonded with their humans get additional health benefits, including increases in beneficial neurotransmitters such as oxytocin and dopamine, the feel-good hormones," she added.
With that important matter out of the way, let's turn to you -- is it good for you to sleep with a pet? Experts have traditionally said no because you might not get quality shut-eye.
"Animals may move, bark and disrupt sleep. Sleep in dogs (and cats) is not continuous and they will inevitably get up and walk on the bed, stepping on people. All of that activity will lead to sleep fragmentation," said Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, director of sleep research and a professor in the department of medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
These "microawakenings," which can happen without your awareness, "are disruptive because they pull you out of deep sleep," said Kristen Knutson, an associate professor of neurology and preventive medicine at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. "They have been associated with the release of the stress hormone, cortisol, which can make sleep even worse."
That may be true for many of us, but recent studies have shown that pets in the bedroom could be beneficial for some of us.
"People with depression or anxiety may benefit from having their pet in the bed because the pet is a big pillow, a big blanket, and they may feel that snuggly, cuddly, furry creature decreases their anxiety," said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California.
Data gathered in 2017 from the Mayo Clinic's Center for Sleep Medicine in Phoenix found over half of pet owners seen in the clinic allowed their pet to sleep in the bedroom -- and the majority found their pet "unobtrusive or even beneficial to sleep."
About 20% however, did believe their furry friends made their slumber worse.
Children may benefit from sleeping with a pet as well. A 2021 study asked adolescents ages 13 to 17 to wear sleep trackers for two weeks and then undergo a state-of-the-art sleep test. About a third of the kids slept with a pet, the study noted, which didn't appear to affect the quality of their rest.
Despite the new science, many of us still need to think twice about bringing our dogs, cats or indoor pigs into our beds.
"It is particularly harmful in people with insomnia or in patients with other sleep disorders," Polotsky said.
There is another reason why snuggling with pets all night may not be good for your health. If you are one of the millions of people who suffer from asthma, allergies or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleeping with a furball could become a nightmare.
And there are some pets, Varble said, you should never invite to bed.
"I work with exotic pets, and a lot of them have very specific health and safety requirements, including being in an enclosure," Varble said. "So while I know people who are very close to their ferrets and their guinea pigs, they need to be in their enclosure for their health at night. Those are not animals that we would want to have in bed with us." | 很多人都觉得和宠物睡在一起不卫生，但是对于爱宠人士而言，这根本不是问题。跟宠物同床而眠对身心健康到底是利大于弊，还是弊大于利？来听听科学家怎么说。
很多人都有这个疑问：和宠物同床睡觉是否有助于睡眠？在回答这个问题之前，我们先来看看问题的另一面：宠物和你睡在一起，是否有利于宠物的健康？
北美兽医社区的首席兽医官戴娜·瓦布尔医生说：“总体来说，宠物和人一起睡觉对宠物来说是很好的。”
瓦布尔说，和人同床而眠的宠物通常“对主人更信任更亲密。这是宠物非常信任人类的表现。”
她补充道：“与人类更亲近的狗和猫等动物还能得到额外的益处，包括会分泌更多催产素和多巴胺等神经传导物质，也就是我们所说的快乐激素。”
在搞清这个重要问题之后，现在来关注一下宠物主人：和宠物一起睡觉对人有好处吗？传统上，专家都会给出否定答案，因为你可能无法得到高质量睡眠。
约翰斯•霍普金斯大学医学院医学系教授弗谢沃洛德·波罗特斯基博士说：“动物会动来动去，大声叫唤，而这会干扰睡眠。狗和猫的睡眠是间断性的，睡一会儿就必然会起来走动，并踩到主人。这些活动都会导致主人的睡眠片段化。”
西北大学范伯格医学院的神经学及预防医学副教授克里斯汀·克努森说：“这些你可能意识不到的短暂觉醒会打断你的深度睡眠，并导致皮质醇释放，而这种压力激素会让你的睡眠质量变得更糟糕。”
对许多人而言，和宠物共眠或许确实会影响睡眠质量，但是最近的研究表明，和宠物同睡对一些人是有益的。
南加州大学凯克医学院的临床医学助理教授、睡眠专家拉杰·达斯古普塔博士说：“跟宠物同睡可能会对抑郁或焦虑的人有好处，因为宠物就像一个大枕头、一条大毯子，这种温暖舒适、毛绒绒、让人想拥抱的感觉会减轻他们的焦虑情绪。”
2017年凤凰城的梅奥诊所睡眠医学中心收集的数据发现，来诊所的超半数宠物主人都让宠物在卧室里睡觉，大部分人认为自己的宠物“没有干扰、甚至有助于自己的睡眠。”
不过的确有20%的宠物主人认为宠物让自己的睡眠质量下降了。
孩子们也能得益于和宠物共眠。2021年的一项研究让13到17岁的青少年连续两周佩戴睡眠追踪器并接受最先进的睡眠测试。研究指出，约有三分之一的孩子和宠物一起睡，而且宠物似乎没有影响他们的睡眠质量。
state-of-the-art: adj. 最先进的；达到最高水准的
尽管新科学理论认为和宠物共眠有益，但是许多人在和狗、猫或宠物猪同睡之前还是要三思。
波罗特斯基说：“对于患有失眠或其他睡眠障碍的人来说，和宠物同睡尤其有害。”
和宠物一起睡可能对你的健康不利还有另一个原因。如果你是数百万患有哮喘、过敏或慢性阻塞性肺病的患者之一，和宠物一起睡将会带来灾难性的后果。
瓦布尔说，还有一些宠物是绝对不能和人同床睡觉的。
瓦布尔说：“我曾经和珍禽异兽打过交道，其中不少都有特殊的健康和安全要求，包括圈养规定。我知道有些人与自己的雪貂和豚鼠非常亲密，但是为了健康着想，夜里还是应该把它们关起来。这些动物都不适合和我们同床而眠。”
英文来源：美国有线电视新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
三明治到底是什么？有人认为两片面包夹个东西就是三明治，那么热狗算不算三明治？事实上，美国不同部门对于三明治有着不同的定义，今天我们就来看看什么食物才称得上三明治。
[Photo/Pexels]
1. CALIFORNIA: HOT DOGS ARE SANDWICHES
美国加州：热狗也是三明治
Despite fitting the description of a food product served on a bread-like product, many sandwich purists insist that hot dogs deserve their own category. California joins Merriam-Webster in declaring that a hot dog is a sandwich, nonetheless. The bold word choice appears in the state’s tax law, which mentions “hot dog and hamburger sandwiches” served from “sandwich stands or booths.” Applying the sandwich label to burgers is less controversial, but it’s still worth debating.
尽管热狗也是两片面包夹个东西，但是许多三明治纯粹主义者坚称热狗应该自成一类。不过，加州政府和韦氏词典一样，都认为热狗也是三明治。加州税法中提到“三明治小摊上的热狗和汉堡包三明治”。把汉堡包也称为三明治虽然争议没那么大，但是也值得商榷。
2. MASSACHUSETTS COURT: A BURRITO IS NOT A SANDWICH
马萨诸塞州法院：玉米卷饼不是三明治
Justice Jeffrey A. Locke from the Worcester County Superior Court said in 2006 that “The New Webster Third International Dictionary describes a ‘sandwich’ as ‘two thin pieces of bread, usually buttered, with a thin layer (as of meat, cheese, or savory mixture) spread between them.’”
2006年，伍斯特县高等法院法官杰弗里·A·洛克曾说过：“《韦氏第三版新国际英语词典》对三明治的定义是：两片薄面包，通常抹了黄油，中间平铺了一层薄馅儿（肉、奶酪或调味酱）。”
He said: “Under this definition and as dictated by common sense, this court finds that the term ‘sandwich’ is not commonly understood to include burritos, tacos, and quesadillas.”
他指出：“根据这一定义和常识，法院裁定三明治不应包括墨西哥玉米卷饼、墨西哥夹饼和墨西哥薄饼。”
3. USDA: A SANDWICH IS MEAT BETWEEN TWO SLICES OF BREAD
美国农业部：三明治就是两片面包夹肉
“A sandwich is a meat or poultry filling between two slices of bread, a bun, or a biscuit,” Mark Wheeler, who works in food and safety at the US Department of Agriculture, told NPR. His definition comes from the Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book used by the department (the USDA only covers the “labeling of meat, poultry, and egg products,” while the FDA handles everything else, which is why the USDA's definition excludes things like grilled cheese). Not included under their umbrella of foodstuff served between bread are burritos, wraps, and hot dogs.
美国农业部食品安全部门的马克·惠勒告诉美国国家公共电台说：“三明治就是两片面包、一个小圆面包或一张饼夹着猪牛羊肉或家禽肉馅料。”他给的定义来自农业部使用的《食品标准与标签政策》。农业部只负责“给猪牛羊肉、家禽肉和蛋制品贴标签”，而美国食品药品监督管理局负责给所有其他食品贴标签，这就是为什么农业部定义的三明治所夹东西不包含烤奶酪等食物。根据农业部的定义，墨西哥玉米卷饼、薄卷饼和热狗都不属于三明治的范畴。
4. NEW YORK: IF IT’S SERVED ON SOMETHING REMOTELY BREAD-LIKE, IT’S A SANDWICH
纽约：只要是用面包之类的东西夹着，就是三明治
When it comes to sandwiches, New York doesn’t discriminate. In a bulletin outlining the state’s tax policy, a description of what constitutes a sandwich warrants its own subhead. The article reads: "Sandwiches include cold and hot sandwiches of every kind that are prepared and ready to be eaten, whether made on bread, on bagels, on rolls, in pitas, in wraps, or otherwise, and regardless of the filling or number of layers. A sandwich can be as simple as a buttered bagel or roll, or as elaborate as a six-foot, toasted submarine sandwich.”
在三明治的定义上，纽约政府一视同仁。在一则关于纽约州税收政策的公告中，有一段话专门讲到什么才算是三明治：“三明治包括各种即食的冷热三明治，无论是用面包、百吉饼、卷饼、皮塔饼、薄卷饼还是用其他东西夹，也不管夹着什么馅料或夹多少层馅料。三明治可以是简单的抹了黄油的百吉饼或卷饼，也可以是精心制作的高达6英尺的烤潜艇三明治。”
It then moves on to examples of taxable sandwiches. The list includes items widely believed to bear the label, like Reubens, paninis, club sandwiches, and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. Other entries, like burritos, gyros, open-faced sandwiches, and hot dogs, may cause confusion among diners.
这则公告还列举了应纳税的三明治，其中既包括一些被普遍认为是三明治的食物，比如鲁宾三明治、帕尼尼、俱乐部三明治、花生酱和果冻三明治，也包括一些如果被叫成三明治会让食客困惑的食物，比如墨西哥玉米卷饼、皮塔三明治（希腊烤肉卷饼）、开放式三明治和热狗。
英文来源：Mental Floss
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
1. CALIFORNIA: HOT DOGS ARE SANDWICHES
Despite fitting the description of a food product served on a bread-like product, many sandwich purists insist that hot dogs deserve their own category. California joins Merriam-Webster in declaring that a hot dog is a sandwich, nonetheless. The bold word choice appears in the state’s tax law, which mentions “hot dog and hamburger sandwiches” served from “sandwich stands or booths.” Applying the sandwich label to burgers is less controversial, but it’s still worth debating.
2. MASSACHUSETTS COURT: A BURRITO IS NOT A SANDWICH
Justice Jeffrey A. Locke from the Worcester County Superior Court said in 2006 that “The New Webster Third International Dictionary describes a ‘sandwich’ as ‘two thin pieces of bread, usually buttered, with a thin layer (as of meat, cheese, or savory mixture) spread between them.’”
He said: “Under this definition and as dictated by common sense, this court finds that the term ‘sandwich’ is not commonly understood to include burritos, tacos, and quesadillas.”
3. USDA: A SANDWICH IS MEAT BETWEEN TWO SLICES OF BREAD
“A sandwich is a meat or poultry filling between two slices of bread, a bun, or a biscuit,” Mark Wheeler, who works in food and safety at the US Department of Agriculture, told NPR. His definition comes from the Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book used by the department (the USDA only covers the “labeling of meat, poultry, and egg products,” while the FDA handles everything else, which is why the USDA's definition excludes things like grilled cheese). Not included under their umbrella of foodstuff served between bread are burritos, wraps, and hot dogs.
4. NEW YORK: IF IT’S SERVED ON SOMETHING REMOTELY BREAD-LIKE, IT’S A SANDWICH
When it comes to sandwiches, New York doesn’t discriminate. In a bulletin outlining the state’s tax policy, a description of what constitutes a sandwich warrants its own subhead. The article reads: "Sandwiches include cold and hot sandwiches of every kind that are prepared and ready to be eaten, whether made on bread, on bagels, on rolls, in pitas, in wraps, or otherwise, and regardless of the filling or number of layers. A sandwich can be as simple as a buttered bagel or roll, or as elaborate as a six-foot, toasted submarine sandwich.”
It then moves on to examples of taxable sandwiches. The list includes items widely believed to bear the label, like Reubens, paninis, club sandwiches, and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. Other entries, like burritos, gyros, open-faced sandwiches, and hot dogs, may cause confusion among diners. | 三明治到底是什么？有人认为两片面包夹个东西就是三明治，那么热狗算不算三明治？事实上，美国不同部门对于三明治有着不同的定义，今天我们就来看看什么食物才称得上三明治。
美国加州：热狗也是三明治
尽管热狗也是两片面包夹个东西，但是许多三明治纯粹主义者坚称热狗应该自成一类。不过，加州政府和韦氏词典一样，都认为热狗也是三明治。加州税法中提到“三明治小摊上的热狗和汉堡包三明治”。把汉堡包也称为三明治虽然争议没那么大，但是也值得商榷。
马萨诸塞州法院：玉米卷饼不是三明治
2006年，伍斯特县高等法院法官杰弗里·A·洛克曾说过：“《韦氏第三版新国际英语词典》对三明治的定义是：两片薄面包，通常抹了黄油，中间平铺了一层薄馅儿（肉、奶酪或调味酱）。”
他指出：“根据这一定义和常识，法院裁定三明治不应包括墨西哥玉米卷饼、墨西哥夹饼和墨西哥薄饼。”
美国农业部：三明治就是两片面包夹肉
美国农业部食品安全部门的马克·惠勒告诉美国国家公共电台说：“三明治就是两片面包、一个小圆面包或一张饼夹着猪牛羊肉或家禽肉馅料。”他给的定义来自农业部使用的《食品标准与标签政策》。农业部只负责“给猪牛羊肉、家禽肉和蛋制品贴标签”，而美国食品药品监督管理局负责给所有其他食品贴标签，这就是为什么农业部定义的三明治所夹东西不包含烤奶酪等食物。根据农业部的定义，墨西哥玉米卷饼、薄卷饼和热狗都不属于三明治的范畴。
纽约：只要是用面包之类的东西夹着，就是三明治
在三明治的定义上，纽约政府一视同仁。在一则关于纽约州税收政策的公告中，有一段话专门讲到什么才算是三明治：“三明治包括各种即食的冷热三明治，无论是用面包、百吉饼、卷饼、皮塔饼、薄卷饼还是用其他东西夹，也不管夹着什么馅料或夹多少层馅料。三明治可以是简单的抹了黄油的百吉饼或卷饼，也可以是精心制作的高达6英尺的烤潜艇三明治。”
这则公告还列举了应纳税的三明治，其中既包括一些被普遍认为是三明治的食物，比如鲁宾三明治、帕尼尼、俱乐部三明治、花生酱和果冻三明治，也包括一些如果被叫成三明治会让食客困惑的食物，比如墨西哥玉米卷饼、皮塔三明治（希腊烤肉卷饼）、开放式三明治和热狗。
英文来源：Mental Floss
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
大多数人一辈子都至少经历过一次职场挫败。不得志的滋味不好受。失败了没有什么，关键是如何以好的心态面对它，并从中有所收获。面对职场挫败，这里有一些不错的建议，希望对你有所帮助。
[Photo/Pexels]
1. Accept it
坦然接受
Some people may feel denial after a disappointment. It's not very healthy to be in denial, because if you don't accept the situation for what it is, you can't take the next steps to move on. Take a deep breath, and come to terms with what happened.
随着失望情绪的到来，有些人会不承认失败。否认可不是良好的应对之策，如果你无法接受现实，你就无法走出下一步，继续前行。做个深呼吸，坦然接受发生的事实吧。
2. Don't be a sore loser
不要成为输不起的人
If someone else achieved what you wanted, don't start taking your frustrations out on them. Face your failure with grace, and people will respect you even more for it.
如果其他人实现了你的愿望，不要开始将自己的怨气撒在他人身上。以平常心面对你的不如意，这样别人会更加尊重你。
3. Don't linger on it
不要念念不忘
Of course, it's good to figure out what you did wrong this time so you can do better in the future, but there is a fine line between being proactive about your mistake and harping on it. Once you realized what went wrong, or if you find that you just cannot figure it out, drop it and move on. It's better for your mental health if you focus on the future, rather than the past.
当然，总结自己这次的失利，可以在日后做得更好。但是主动面对错误和咬住不放之间还是有一线之差的。一旦你意识到哪里不对，或者你发现自己就是搞不懂，不如放下它，继续前行。从身心健康角度来说，将精力放在未来比放在过去要更有益处。
4. Reach out to friends and family
与朋友和家人多交流
Your support network will help greatly during a tough time. Reach out to friends and family, and revel in the knowledge that you have loved ones who will stick by you through thick and thin.
在困苦的时候，支持你的人将对你有很大帮助。与朋友和家人多交流，别忘了你还有挚爱的亲人，他们无论任何情况都会守候在你身旁。
5. Move forward
继续前行
Even though your disappointment has got you down, there are still plenty of possibilities ahead for you. You might even be thankful later for the disappointment, as it may open up an opportunity that you had not previously considered.
尽管失意让你难以展开笑脸，但你的面前仍有很多种选择。日后，你甚至可能会感激这段失意，因为它也许会为你找到以前从未留意的机遇。
（来源：沪江英语 编辑：丹妮） | [Photo/Pexels]
1. Accept it
Some people may feel denial after a disappointment. It's not very healthy to be in denial, because if you don't accept the situation for what it is, you can't take the next steps to move on. Take a deep breath, and come to terms with what happened.
2. Don't be a sore loser
If someone else achieved what you wanted, don't start taking your frustrations out on them. Face your failure with grace, and people will respect you even more for it.
3. Don't linger on it
Of course, it's good to figure out what you did wrong this time so you can do better in the future, but there is a fine line between being proactive about your mistake and harping on it. Once you realized what went wrong, or if you find that you just cannot figure it out, drop it and move on. It's better for your mental health if you focus on the future, rather than the past.
4. Reach out to friends and family
Your support network will help greatly during a tough time. Reach out to friends and family, and revel in the knowledge that you have loved ones who will stick by you through thick and thin.
5. Move forward
Even though your disappointment has got you down, there are still plenty of possibilities ahead for you. You might even be thankful later for the disappointment, as it may open up an opportunity that you had not previously considered. | 大多数人一辈子都至少经历过一次职场挫败。不得志的滋味不好受。失败了没有什么，关键是如何以好的心态面对它，并从中有所收获。面对职场挫败，这里有一些不错的建议，希望对你有所帮助。
坦然接受
随着失望情绪的到来，有些人会不承认失败。否认可不是良好的应对之策，如果你无法接受现实，你就无法走出下一步，继续前行。做个深呼吸，坦然接受发生的事实吧。
不要成为输不起的人
如果其他人实现了你的愿望，不要开始将自己的怨气撒在他人身上。以平常心面对你的不如意，这样别人会更加尊重你。
不要念念不忘
当然，总结自己这次的失利，可以在日后做得更好。但是主动面对错误和咬住不放之间还是有一线之差的。一旦你意识到哪里不对，或者你发现自己就是搞不懂，不如放下它，继续前行。从身心健康角度来说，将精力放在未来比放在过去要更有益处。
与朋友和家人多交流
在困苦的时候，支持你的人将对你有很大帮助。与朋友和家人多交流，别忘了你还有挚爱的亲人，他们无论任何情况都会守候在你身旁。
继续前行
尽管失意让你难以展开笑脸，但你的面前仍有很多种选择。日后，你甚至可能会感激这段失意，因为它也许会为你找到以前从未留意的机遇。
（来源：沪江英语 编辑：丹妮） |
秋天，又到了吃橘子的季节，吃起来方便还能补充维C。但这两天网上的一条热搜，让双语君默默放下了手中的橘子……
中国农业大学食品学院副教授朱毅表示，橘子吃多确实会使皮肤变黄，这种现象也叫“高胡萝卜素血症”或“柑皮症（hypercarotenemia）”。
什么是高胡萝卜素血症呢？
Hypercarotenemia is a clinical condition characterized by yellow pigmentation of the skin caused by high carotene content in blood.
高胡萝卜素血症是一种因血内胡萝卜素含量过高引起的皮肤黄染症。
pigmentation /ˌpɪɡmenˈteɪʃn/ ：色素沉积
我们的皮肤颜色主要由四个因素决定，黑色素（melanin）、血红素（heme）、胡萝卜素（carotene）和皮肤厚度（skin thickness）。黑色素使皮肤发黑，血红素使皮肤发红或青，胡萝卜素使皮肤发黄，皮肤越厚越黑。一旦过度摄入胡萝卜素就会引起皮肤发黄。
"If you consume a bunch of food that contains a lot of carotene, such as tangerines, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes and cauliflower, it will ultimately cause skin yellowing," Zhu Yi, associate professor of food science study said.
“如果吃了不少含胡萝卜素特别多的食品，比如柑橘、胡萝卜、南瓜、番茄、黄花菜等，会引起皮肤黄染。”朱毅教授称。
[Photo/Pexels]
看到这条新闻的不少网友表示，“亲测”后整个人的皮肤都变黄了。
但对于这种症状也不用过于担心。专家说，如果出现了这种情况，不需要特殊的治疗，只要减少或停止胡萝卜素的摄入，基本上一个月左右皮肤就会恢复原状了。
此外，橘瓣上的白丝真的有营养吗？朱毅表示：确实有营养，富含膳食纤维，对肠胃有益，但不用刻意去吃。
平时吃橘子的时候，只要不把橘子上面的橘络去掉就可以了。
Used as medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, tangerine pith — the white part of the tangerine — is rich in dietary fiber and can promote digestion. Eating a tangerine with its pith is good for our gastrointestinal health. However, there is no need to eat it alone.
“橘络在中医里面是入药的，从现代医学的角度上来分析，橘络中含有膳食纤维比较丰富，食用以后就能够促进消化、润肠通便。橘络配着橘子一起吃下去，对我们肠胃健康是有好处的。但没有必要刻意去吃它。”
专家建议，橘子虽好，但不能贪“橘”哦。
浙江省中医院中内科副主任中医师夏永良博士表示：橘子里含有丰富的胡萝卜素，长期大量食用，胡萝卜素就进入体内，在肝脏不能完全将其代谢处理的情况下，血液中的胡萝卜素就会浓度过高，从而使皮肤呈黄色或橘黄色。
According to the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents, adults are recommended to consume 200-350 grams of fresh fruit a day, which is equivalent to 2 or 3 tangerines. Tangerines are rich in organic acids, so it is best to eat tangerines after meals in order not to hurt the stomach. Experts also recommended eating tangerine slices, rather than squeezing them into juice, which is more conducive to maintaining stable blood sugar.
根据中国居民膳食指南的推荐，普通成人需每天吃新鲜水果200-350克，全部换算为橘子大概是2、3个。由于橘子里有机酸含量丰富，最好饭后吃橘子，并且一瓣一瓣地吃下橘子，这比榨成汁喝更有利于血糖平稳。
你有吃了橘子、胡萝卜变黄的经历吗？
编辑：焦洁
实习生：张媛
来源：中新网 科普中国 都市快报 | Hypercarotenemia is a clinical condition characterized by yellow pigmentation of the skin caused by high carotene content in blood.
"If you consume a bunch of food that contains a lot of carotene, such as tangerines, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes and cauliflower, it will ultimately cause skin yellowing," Zhu Yi, associate professor of food science study said.
[Photo/Pexels]
Used as medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, tangerine pith — the white part of the tangerine — is rich in dietary fiber and can promote digestion. Eating a tangerine with its pith is good for our gastrointestinal health. However, there is no need to eat it alone.
According to the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents, adults are recommended to consume 200-350 grams of fresh fruit a day, which is equivalent to 2 or 3 tangerines. Tangerines are rich in organic acids, so it is best to eat tangerines after meals in order not to hurt the stomach. Experts also recommended eating tangerine slices, rather than squeezing them into juice, which is more conducive to maintaining stable blood sugar. | 秋天，又到了吃橘子的季节，吃起来方便还能补充维C。但这两天网上的一条热搜，让双语君默默放下了手中的橘子……
中国农业大学食品学院副教授朱毅表示，橘子吃多确实会使皮肤变黄，这种现象也叫“高胡萝卜素血症”或“柑皮症（hypercarotenemia）”。
什么是高胡萝卜素血症呢？
高胡萝卜素血症是一种因血内胡萝卜素含量过高引起的皮肤黄染症。
pigmentation /ˌpɪɡmenˈteɪʃn/ ：色素沉积
我们的皮肤颜色主要由四个因素决定，黑色素（melanin）、血红素（heme）、胡萝卜素（carotene）和皮肤厚度（skin thickness）。黑色素使皮肤发黑，血红素使皮肤发红或青，胡萝卜素使皮肤发黄，皮肤越厚越黑。一旦过度摄入胡萝卜素就会引起皮肤发黄。
“如果吃了不少含胡萝卜素特别多的食品，比如柑橘、胡萝卜、南瓜、番茄、黄花菜等，会引起皮肤黄染。”朱毅教授称。
看到这条新闻的不少网友表示，“亲测”后整个人的皮肤都变黄了。
但对于这种症状也不用过于担心。专家说，如果出现了这种情况，不需要特殊的治疗，只要减少或停止胡萝卜素的摄入，基本上一个月左右皮肤就会恢复原状了。
此外，橘瓣上的白丝真的有营养吗？朱毅表示：确实有营养，富含膳食纤维，对肠胃有益，但不用刻意去吃。
平时吃橘子的时候，只要不把橘子上面的橘络去掉就可以了。
“橘络在中医里面是入药的，从现代医学的角度上来分析，橘络中含有膳食纤维比较丰富，食用以后就能够促进消化、润肠通便。橘络配着橘子一起吃下去，对我们肠胃健康是有好处的。但没有必要刻意去吃它。”
专家建议，橘子虽好，但不能贪“橘”哦。
浙江省中医院中内科副主任中医师夏永良博士表示：橘子里含有丰富的胡萝卜素，长期大量食用，胡萝卜素就进入体内，在肝脏不能完全将其代谢处理的情况下，血液中的胡萝卜素就会浓度过高，从而使皮肤呈黄色或橘黄色。
根据中国居民膳食指南的推荐，普通成人需每天吃新鲜水果200-350克，全部换算为橘子大概是2、3个。由于橘子里有机酸含量丰富，最好饭后吃橘子，并且一瓣一瓣地吃下橘子，这比榨成汁喝更有利于血糖平稳。
你有吃了橘子、胡萝卜变黄的经历吗？
编辑：焦洁
实习生：张媛
来源：中新网 科普中国 都市快报 |
英国药品与保健品管理局11月4日宣布，已批准美国默克公司研发的口服抗新冠药物莫那比拉韦用于特定新冠患者。这是全球面世的首款抗新冠口服药物。
[Photo/Agencies]
The first pill designed to treat symptomatic Covid-19 has been approved by the UK medicines regulator.
英国药品监管机构批准了首款用于治疗症状性新冠肺炎的药物。
The tablet - molnupiravir - will be given twice a day to vulnerable patients recently diagnosed with the disease.
近期确诊新冠肺炎的虚弱患者将每天服用两次莫那比拉韦（molnupiravir）。
In clinical trials the pill, originally developed to treat flu, cut the risk of hospitalization or death by about half.
在临床试验中，该药物将因感染新冠病毒住院或死亡的风险降低了一半左右。该药物原本用于治疗流感。
Health Secretary Sajid Javid said the treatment was a "gamechanger" for the most frail and immunosuppressed.
英国卫生大臣赛义德·贾维德称，这种药物对身体虚弱和免疫功能不全的人来说意义重大。
First oral treatment
首款抗新冠口服药
Molnupiravir, developed by the US drug companies Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD) and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, is the first antiviral medication for Covid-19 which can be taken as a pill rather than injected or given intravenously.
莫那比拉韦由美国制药公司默克和Ridgeback生物治疗公司研发，是第一款抗新冠口服药，而非静脉注射类药物。
The UK has agreed to purchase 480,000 courses with the first deliveries expected in November.
英国政府已批准订购48万个疗程，首批药物预计于11月交付。
Initially it will be given to both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients through a national study, with extra data on its effectiveness collected before any decision to order more.
初期，该药物将通过一项全国性研究提供给接种过疫苗和未接种过疫苗的患者，并在决定订购更多之前收集有关其有效性的更多数据。
The drug needs to be given within five days of symptoms developing to be most effective.
该药物需在出现症状五天内服用才能发挥最大疗效。
The new treatment targets an enzyme that the virus uses to make copies of itself, introducing errors into its genetic code. That should prevent it from multiplying, so keeping virus levels low in the body and reducing the severity of the disease.
莫那比拉韦针对病毒用于自我复制的一种酶，将错误信息引入其遗传基因。这样能阻止病毒繁殖，从而使体内病毒浓度保持较低水平，降低疾病的严重程度。
Merck said that approach should make the treatment equally effective against new variants of the virus as it evolves in the future.
默克公司表示，未来新冠病毒继续变异，这种治疗手段对新的病毒变种同样有效。
The UK regulator, the MHRA, said the tablet had been authorized for use in people who have mild to moderate Covid-19 and at least one risk factor for developing severe illness such as obesity, old age, diabetes or heart disease.
英国药品和保健品管理局表示，莫那比拉韦已获批用于轻度至中度症状的新冠患者，这些患者有至少一个恶化为重症的风险因素，包括肥胖、年龄大、糖尿病和心脏病等。
Clinical trials
临床试验
Earlier clinical trials of molnupiravir on 775 patients who had recently caught Covid-19 found:
莫那比拉韦对775名最近感染新冠病毒患者的早期临床试验发现：
7.3% of those given the drug were hospitalized
7.3%的服药者住院治疗
that compares with 14.1% of patients who were given a placebo or dummy pill
相比之下，
服用安慰剂或虚拟药片的患者有
14.1%住院治疗
there were no deaths in the molnupiravir group, but eight patients who were given a placebo in the trial later died of Covid-19
服用莫那比拉韦的一组没有患者
死亡
，但在试验中服用安慰剂的8名患者死于新冠病毒
The results were published in a press release and have not yet been peer-reviewed.
该研究结果发表在新闻稿件中，尚未经过同行评审。
But data suggest molnupiravir needs to be taken soon after symptoms develop to have an effect.
但数据表明，需要在症状出现后立即服用莫努匹拉韦才能起效。
In its approval document, the MHRA recommends the drug is used "as soon as possible" following a positive Covid-19 test and within five days of symptoms onset.
在英国药品和保健品管理局的批准文件中，该机构建议在新冠病毒检测呈阳性后以及症状出现后五天内“尽快”服用该药物。
The UK government has not disclosed how much its initial contract for 480,000 courses of molnupiravir is worth. But US authorities recently made an advance purchase of 1.7 million courses at a cost of roughly $1.2 billion, or $700 for each patient.
英国政府尚未透露其48万个疗程的莫那比拉韦的初始合同价。但美国当局最近预购了170万个疗程，成本约为12亿美元（约合人民币76.8亿元），即每位患者700美元（约合人民币4480元）。
Merck is the first company to report trial results of a pill to treat Covid-19, but other companies are working on similar treatments.
默克公司是第一家公布抗新冠病毒药物试验结果的公司，不过其他公司也在研究类似的药物。
Its US rival Pfizer has started trials of two different antiviral tablets, while Swiss company Roche is working on a similar medication.
其竞争对手美国辉瑞公司已开始试验两种不同的抗病毒片剂，而瑞士罗氏公司正在研制一种相似的药物。
来源：英国广播公司
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Agencies]
The first pill designed to treat symptomatic Covid-19 has been approved by the UK medicines regulator.
The tablet - molnupiravir - will be given twice a day to vulnerable patients recently diagnosed with the disease.
In clinical trials the pill, originally developed to treat flu, cut the risk of hospitalization or death by about half.
Health Secretary Sajid Javid said the treatment was a "gamechanger" for the most frail and immunosuppressed.
First oral treatment
Molnupiravir, developed by the US drug companies Merck, Sharp and Dohme (MSD) and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics, is the first antiviral medication for Covid-19 which can be taken as a pill rather than injected or given intravenously.
The UK has agreed to purchase 480,000 courses with the first deliveries expected in November.
Initially it will be given to both vaccinated and unvaccinated patients through a national study, with extra data on its effectiveness collected before any decision to order more.
The drug needs to be given within five days of symptoms developing to be most effective.
The new treatment targets an enzyme that the virus uses to make copies of itself, introducing errors into its genetic code. That should prevent it from multiplying, so keeping virus levels low in the body and reducing the severity of the disease.
Merck said that approach should make the treatment equally effective against new variants of the virus as it evolves in the future.
The UK regulator, the MHRA, said the tablet had been authorized for use in people who have mild to moderate Covid-19 and at least one risk factor for developing severe illness such as obesity, old age, diabetes or heart disease.
Clinical trials
Earlier clinical trials of molnupiravir on 775 patients who had recently caught Covid-19 found:
7.3% of those given the drug were hospitalized
that compares with 14.1% of patients who were given a placebo or dummy pill
there were no deaths in the molnupiravir group, but eight patients who were given a placebo in the trial later died of Covid-19
The results were published in a press release and have not yet been peer-reviewed.
But data suggest molnupiravir needs to be taken soon after symptoms develop to have an effect.
In its approval document, the MHRA recommends the drug is used "as soon as possible" following a positive Covid-19 test and within five days of symptoms onset.
The UK government has not disclosed how much its initial contract for 480,000 courses of molnupiravir is worth. But US authorities recently made an advance purchase of 1.7 million courses at a cost of roughly $1.2 billion, or $700 for each patient.
Merck is the first company to report trial results of a pill to treat Covid-19, but other companies are working on similar treatments.
Its US rival Pfizer has started trials of two different antiviral tablets, while Swiss company Roche is working on a similar medication. | 英国药品与保健品管理局11月4日宣布，已批准美国默克公司研发的口服抗新冠药物莫那比拉韦用于特定新冠患者。这是全球面世的首款抗新冠口服药物。
英国药品监管机构批准了首款用于治疗症状性新冠肺炎的药物。
近期确诊新冠肺炎的虚弱患者将每天服用两次莫那比拉韦（molnupiravir）。
在临床试验中，该药物将因感染新冠病毒住院或死亡的风险降低了一半左右。该药物原本用于治疗流感。
英国卫生大臣赛义德·贾维德称，这种药物对身体虚弱和免疫功能不全的人来说意义重大。
首款抗新冠口服药
莫那比拉韦由美国制药公司默克和Ridgeback生物治疗公司研发，是第一款抗新冠口服药，而非静脉注射类药物。
英国政府已批准订购48万个疗程，首批药物预计于11月交付。
初期，该药物将通过一项全国性研究提供给接种过疫苗和未接种过疫苗的患者，并在决定订购更多之前收集有关其有效性的更多数据。
该药物需在出现症状五天内服用才能发挥最大疗效。
莫那比拉韦针对病毒用于自我复制的一种酶，将错误信息引入其遗传基因。这样能阻止病毒繁殖，从而使体内病毒浓度保持较低水平，降低疾病的严重程度。
默克公司表示，未来新冠病毒继续变异，这种治疗手段对新的病毒变种同样有效。
英国药品和保健品管理局表示，莫那比拉韦已获批用于轻度至中度症状的新冠患者，这些患者有至少一个恶化为重症的风险因素，包括肥胖、年龄大、糖尿病和心脏病等。
临床试验
莫那比拉韦对775名最近感染新冠病毒患者的早期临床试验发现：
7.3%的服药者住院治疗
相比之下，
服用安慰剂或虚拟药片的患者有
14.1%住院治疗
服用莫那比拉韦的一组没有患者
死亡
，但在试验中服用安慰剂的8名患者死于新冠病毒
该研究结果发表在新闻稿件中，尚未经过同行评审。
但数据表明，需要在症状出现后立即服用莫努匹拉韦才能起效。
在英国药品和保健品管理局的批准文件中，该机构建议在新冠病毒检测呈阳性后以及症状出现后五天内“尽快”服用该药物。
英国政府尚未透露其48万个疗程的莫那比拉韦的初始合同价。但美国当局最近预购了170万个疗程，成本约为12亿美元（约合人民币76.8亿元），即每位患者700美元（约合人民币4480元）。
默克公司是第一家公布抗新冠病毒药物试验结果的公司，不过其他公司也在研究类似的药物。
其竞争对手美国辉瑞公司已开始试验两种不同的抗病毒片剂，而瑞士罗氏公司正在研制一种相似的药物。
来源：英国广播公司
编辑：董静 |
“睡前喝牛奶有助睡眠”的说法由来已久。为了改善睡眠状况，不少人都有睡前喝热牛奶的习惯。但喝牛奶真的能让我们睡得更好吗？牛奶助眠是一种心理安慰，还是有科学依据？我们来一起探究牛奶与睡眠的关系吧。
[Photo/Unsplash]
May help some people fall asleep faster
喝牛奶可能让一部分人更快入睡
A handful of small animal and human studies demonstrate that consuming dairy products like milk and cheese before bed may help some people have a more restful night’s sleep, though the reason why remains unclear.
一些对小动物和人类的研究表明，睡前饮用牛奶和食用奶酪等乳制品可以帮助一些人睡得更安稳，但原因尚不清楚。
Most experts agree that milk’s sleep-promoting potential is likely related to specific chemical compounds or the psychological effects of having a soothing bedtime routine — or perhaps a combination of the two.
大多数专家认为，牛奶促进睡眠可能与某些化学物质有关，也可能与这一放松的睡前习惯所产生的的心理效应有关，或者两者兼而有之。
May promote healthy sleep cycles
促进健康的睡眠周期
Certain compounds in milk — specifically tryptophan and melatonin — may help you fall asleep.
牛奶中的某些化合物，特别是色氨酸和褪黑素可以帮助你入睡。
Tryptophan is an amino acid found in a variety of protein-containing foods. It plays an important role in the production of the neurotransmitter known as serotonin .
色氨酸是一种氨基酸，存在于多种含蛋白质的食物中。它对合成神经递质5-羟色胺起着重要作用。
Serotonin boosts mood, promotes relaxation, and functions as a precursor in the production of the hormone melatonin.
5-羟色胺能改善情绪，有助于放松，是褪黑素产生的前体。
Note:
melatonin n. 褪黑素
Melatonin, also known as the sleep hormone, is released by your brain. It helps regulate your circadian rhythm and prepare your body for entering a sleep cycle.
褪黑素，也称为睡眠激素，由大脑释放。它有助于调节昼夜节律，让你的身体为进入睡眠周期做好准备。
Note:
circadian adj.昼夜节律的，生理节奏的
The role of tryptophan and melatonin in sleep disorders is well established, and studies have found that taking supplements of these compounds may improve sleep and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression that can crop up at bedtime.
色氨酸和褪黑素在治疗睡眠障碍中的作用已得到证实，研究发现，补充这些化合物可以改善睡眠，减少睡前可能出现的焦虑和抑郁症状。
Note:
crop up（尤指意外地）出现，发生
However, there’s currently no evidence to suggest that a single glass of milk contains enough tryptophan or melatonin to significantly influence your body’s natural production of melatonin or to independently treat a disordered sleeping pattern.
然而，目前没有证据表明一杯牛奶中含有足够的色氨酸或褪黑素，可以显著影响身体褪黑素的自然生成，或者独立治疗睡眠紊乱。
[Photo/Unsplash]
Psychological effects
心理效应
Some experts suspect that milk’s potential role as a sleep aid has little to do with its nutritional profile and that it’s instead more closely related to the psychological effect of having a calming bedtime ritual.
一些专家怀疑，牛奶作为助眠剂的潜在作用与其营养成分无关，相反，它与平静的睡前习惯所产生的心理效应关系更为密切。
Another theory is that drinking warm milk could subconsciously remind you of having milk at bedtime during your early childhood years. These soothing feelings may signal to your brain that it’s time to sleep, making it easier to drift off peacefully.
另一种理论认为，喝温牛奶能让你下意识地想起自己在幼年时期睡前喝牛奶的记忆。这些舒缓的感觉可能会向你的大脑发出信号，告诉你该睡觉了，让你更容易平静地入睡。
Still, there’s not enough evidence to guarantee any particular result from adding milk to your bedtime routine.
尽管如此，没有足够的证据来证明在睡前养成喝牛奶习惯会有什么特别的效果。
SUMMARY
总结
Milk contains several compounds known to support healthy sleep cycles. Plus, the psychological effects of a bedtime routine that includes milk may improve your ability to fall asleep, but more research is needed.
牛奶中含有几种已知的有助健康睡眠周期的化合物。此外，睡前喝牛奶这个习惯的心理效应可能会帮你更快入睡，但还需要更多的研究。
来源：Healthline
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Unsplash]
May help some people fall asleep faster
A handful of small animal and human studies demonstrate that consuming dairy products like milk and cheese before bed may help some people have a more restful night’s sleep, though the reason why remains unclear.
Most experts agree that milk’s sleep-promoting potential is likely related to specific chemical compounds or the psychological effects of having a soothing bedtime routine — or perhaps a combination of the two.
May promote healthy sleep cycles
Certain compounds in milk — specifically tryptophan and melatonin — may help you fall asleep.
Tryptophan is an amino acid found in a variety of protein-containing foods. It plays an important role in the production of the neurotransmitter known as serotonin .
Serotonin boosts mood, promotes relaxation, and functions as a precursor in the production of the hormone melatonin.
Note:
Melatonin, also known as the sleep hormone, is released by your brain. It helps regulate your circadian rhythm and prepare your body for entering a sleep cycle.
Note:
The role of tryptophan and melatonin in sleep disorders is well established, and studies have found that taking supplements of these compounds may improve sleep and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression that can crop up at bedtime.
Note:
However, there’s currently no evidence to suggest that a single glass of milk contains enough tryptophan or melatonin to significantly influence your body’s natural production of melatonin or to independently treat a disordered sleeping pattern.
[Photo/Unsplash]
Psychological effects
Some experts suspect that milk’s potential role as a sleep aid has little to do with its nutritional profile and that it’s instead more closely related to the psychological effect of having a calming bedtime ritual.
Another theory is that drinking warm milk could subconsciously remind you of having milk at bedtime during your early childhood years. These soothing feelings may signal to your brain that it’s time to sleep, making it easier to drift off peacefully.
Still, there’s not enough evidence to guarantee any particular result from adding milk to your bedtime routine.
SUMMARY
Milk contains several compounds known to support healthy sleep cycles. Plus, the psychological effects of a bedtime routine that includes milk may improve your ability to fall asleep, but more research is needed. | “睡前喝牛奶有助睡眠”的说法由来已久。为了改善睡眠状况，不少人都有睡前喝热牛奶的习惯。但喝牛奶真的能让我们睡得更好吗？牛奶助眠是一种心理安慰，还是有科学依据？我们来一起探究牛奶与睡眠的关系吧。
喝牛奶可能让一部分人更快入睡
一些对小动物和人类的研究表明，睡前饮用牛奶和食用奶酪等乳制品可以帮助一些人睡得更安稳，但原因尚不清楚。
大多数专家认为，牛奶促进睡眠可能与某些化学物质有关，也可能与这一放松的睡前习惯所产生的的心理效应有关，或者两者兼而有之。
促进健康的睡眠周期
牛奶中的某些化合物，特别是色氨酸和褪黑素可以帮助你入睡。
色氨酸是一种氨基酸，存在于多种含蛋白质的食物中。它对合成神经递质5-羟色胺起着重要作用。
5-羟色胺能改善情绪，有助于放松，是褪黑素产生的前体。
melatonin n. 褪黑素
褪黑素，也称为睡眠激素，由大脑释放。它有助于调节昼夜节律，让你的身体为进入睡眠周期做好准备。
circadian adj.昼夜节律的，生理节奏的
色氨酸和褪黑素在治疗睡眠障碍中的作用已得到证实，研究发现，补充这些化合物可以改善睡眠，减少睡前可能出现的焦虑和抑郁症状。
crop up（尤指意外地）出现，发生
然而，目前没有证据表明一杯牛奶中含有足够的色氨酸或褪黑素，可以显著影响身体褪黑素的自然生成，或者独立治疗睡眠紊乱。
心理效应
一些专家怀疑，牛奶作为助眠剂的潜在作用与其营养成分无关，相反，它与平静的睡前习惯所产生的心理效应关系更为密切。
另一种理论认为，喝温牛奶能让你下意识地想起自己在幼年时期睡前喝牛奶的记忆。这些舒缓的感觉可能会向你的大脑发出信号，告诉你该睡觉了，让你更容易平静地入睡。
尽管如此，没有足够的证据来证明在睡前养成喝牛奶习惯会有什么特别的效果。
总结
牛奶中含有几种已知的有助健康睡眠周期的化合物。此外，睡前喝牛奶这个习惯的心理效应可能会帮你更快入睡，但还需要更多的研究。
来源：Healthline
编辑：董静 |
英国一项新研究发现，完成两剂疫苗接种的人依然会感染并传播新冠病毒，即使没有症状，传染性也和未接种者一样强。这意味着，即使周围人都接种了疫苗，未接种者仍然有可能感染新冠病毒。
A medical personnel prepares a syringe with a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine, in a doctor's office in Berlin, Germany, November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Hannibal Hanschke
Double jabbed people are catching Covid and passing it on to those they live with, warn experts who have studied UK household cases.
研究了英国家庭新冠病例的专家警告称，接种了两针新冠疫苗的人依然会感染新冠病毒并将病毒传染给共同居住的人。
Individuals who have had two vaccine doses can be just as infectious as those who have not been jabbed.
而且，打过两针疫苗的人传染性和没打过疫苗的人一样强。
Even if they have no or few symptoms, the chance of them transmitting the virus to other unvaccinated housemates is about two in five, or 38%.
即使他们没有症状或症状很轻，他们将病毒传染给未接种疫苗的共同居住人的风险可达38%。
This drops to one in four, or 25%, if housemates are also fully vaccinated.
如果他们的共同居住人也完成了疫苗接种，那么感染风险就会下降到25%。
The
Lancet Infectious Diseases
work shows why getting even more people vaccinated is important.
这份研究报告发表在《柳叶刀传染病》期刊上，详述了让更多人接种疫苗的重要性。
Unvaccinated people cannot rely on those around them being jabbed to remove their risk of getting infected, they warn.
专家警告称，即使周边的人都打了疫苗，未接种疫苗者感染病毒的风险也不能因此而消除。
Vaccines do an excellent job of preventing serious Covid illness and deaths, but are less good at stopping infections, particularly since the emergence of the more infectious Delta variant.
疫苗可以有效地防止接种者在感染病毒后发展成重症及死亡，但是在阻止病毒传播上就没那么有效了，尤其是在传染性更强的德尔塔变种毒株出现之后。
And over time, the protection offered by vaccines wanes and needs boosting with further doses.
随着时间流逝，疫苗的保护作用会减弱，需要打加强针才能增强保护作用。
Since households are where most Covid transmission occurs, making sure every member who is eligible for a vaccine has had one and is up to date with their doses makes sense, say experts.
专家称，由于新冠病毒传播大多发生在家庭内部，确保每位适合接种疫苗的家庭成员都接种并及时补种加强针才是明智的做法。
According to the study, which ran from September 2020 to September 2021 and included 440 households in London and Bolton doing PCR Covid tests:
2020年9月至2021年9月期间开展的这项研究涵盖了在伦敦和博尔顿接受聚合酶链反应检测（核酸检测）的440户家庭，研究结果如下：
People who are double jabbed have a lower, but still appreciable, risk of becoming infected with the Delta variant compared with unvaccinated people
一，相比未接种疫苗者，接种两剂疫苗的人感染德尔塔病毒的风险较低，但是风险仍然不小；
They also appear to be just as infectious
二，接种两剂疫苗者和未接种疫苗者的传染性似乎一样强；
Vaccinated people clear the infection more quickly, but their peak viral load - when people are most infectious - is similar to that seen in unvaccinated people
三，接种疫苗者能更快痊愈，但是他们的病毒载量峰值（此时的传染性最高）和未接种者差不多；
This may explain why they can still readily pass on the virus in household settings.
四，这或许可以解释为什么接种疫苗者依然容易把病毒传染给家人。
Prof Ajit Lalvani, of Imperial College London, UK, who co-led the study, said: "The ongoing transmission we are seeing between vaccinated people makes it essential for unvaccinated people to get vaccinated to protect themselves from acquiring infection and severe Covid-19, especially as more people will be spending time inside in close proximity during the winter months.
该研究的领头人之一、英国伦敦帝国理工学院的阿吉特·拉尔瓦尼教授说：“我们目前所观察到的接种疫苗者传播病毒的情况表明，让未接种者接种疫苗以防止自身被感染及发展成新冠肺炎重症是至关重要的，尤其是进入冬天后，更多人会长时间呆在室内近距离相处。”
"We found that susceptibility to infection increased already within a few months after the second vaccine dose - so those eligible for booster shots should get them promptly."
“我们发现人们在打完第二针疫苗几个月后感染率又开始升高，因此适合打加强针的人应该及时补种。”
Co-author Dr Anika Singanayagam, also from Imperial, said: "Our findings provide important insights into the effect of vaccination in the face of new variants, and specifically, why the Delta variant is continuing to cause high Covid case numbers around the world, even in countries with high vaccination rates.
该研究的合著者、同样来自伦敦帝国理工学院的阿妮卡·辛格纳亚伽姆博士说：“我们的研究结果为接种疫苗对新毒株的效果提供了一些重要见解，尤其是德尔塔毒株持续在全球各地，甚至在疫苗接种率高的国家，引发大量新冠病例的原因。”
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | A medical personnel prepares a syringe with a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine, in a doctor's office in Berlin, Germany, November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Hannibal Hanschke
Double jabbed people are catching Covid and passing it on to those they live with, warn experts who have studied UK household cases.
Individuals who have had two vaccine doses can be just as infectious as those who have not been jabbed.
Even if they have no or few symptoms, the chance of them transmitting the virus to other unvaccinated housemates is about two in five, or 38%.
This drops to one in four, or 25%, if housemates are also fully vaccinated.
The
Lancet Infectious Diseases
work shows why getting even more people vaccinated is important.
Unvaccinated people cannot rely on those around them being jabbed to remove their risk of getting infected, they warn.
Vaccines do an excellent job of preventing serious Covid illness and deaths, but are less good at stopping infections, particularly since the emergence of the more infectious Delta variant.
And over time, the protection offered by vaccines wanes and needs boosting with further doses.
Since households are where most Covid transmission occurs, making sure every member who is eligible for a vaccine has had one and is up to date with their doses makes sense, say experts.
According to the study, which ran from September 2020 to September 2021 and included 440 households in London and Bolton doing PCR Covid tests:
People who are double jabbed have a lower, but still appreciable, risk of becoming infected with the Delta variant compared with unvaccinated people
They also appear to be just as infectious
Vaccinated people clear the infection more quickly, but their peak viral load - when people are most infectious - is similar to that seen in unvaccinated people
This may explain why they can still readily pass on the virus in household settings.
Prof Ajit Lalvani, of Imperial College London, UK, who co-led the study, said: "The ongoing transmission we are seeing between vaccinated people makes it essential for unvaccinated people to get vaccinated to protect themselves from acquiring infection and severe Covid-19, especially as more people will be spending time inside in close proximity during the winter months.
"We found that susceptibility to infection increased already within a few months after the second vaccine dose - so those eligible for booster shots should get them promptly."
Co-author Dr Anika Singanayagam, also from Imperial, said: "Our findings provide important insights into the effect of vaccination in the face of new variants, and specifically, why the Delta variant is continuing to cause high Covid case numbers around the world, even in countries with high vaccination rates. | 英国一项新研究发现，完成两剂疫苗接种的人依然会感染并传播新冠病毒，即使没有症状，传染性也和未接种者一样强。这意味着，即使周围人都接种了疫苗，未接种者仍然有可能感染新冠病毒。
研究了英国家庭新冠病例的专家警告称，接种了两针新冠疫苗的人依然会感染新冠病毒并将病毒传染给共同居住的人。
而且，打过两针疫苗的人传染性和没打过疫苗的人一样强。
即使他们没有症状或症状很轻，他们将病毒传染给未接种疫苗的共同居住人的风险可达38%。
如果他们的共同居住人也完成了疫苗接种，那么感染风险就会下降到25%。
这份研究报告发表在《柳叶刀传染病》期刊上，详述了让更多人接种疫苗的重要性。
专家警告称，即使周边的人都打了疫苗，未接种疫苗者感染病毒的风险也不能因此而消除。
疫苗可以有效地防止接种者在感染病毒后发展成重症及死亡，但是在阻止病毒传播上就没那么有效了，尤其是在传染性更强的德尔塔变种毒株出现之后。
随着时间流逝，疫苗的保护作用会减弱，需要打加强针才能增强保护作用。
专家称，由于新冠病毒传播大多发生在家庭内部，确保每位适合接种疫苗的家庭成员都接种并及时补种加强针才是明智的做法。
2020年9月至2021年9月期间开展的这项研究涵盖了在伦敦和博尔顿接受聚合酶链反应检测（核酸检测）的440户家庭，研究结果如下：
一，相比未接种疫苗者，接种两剂疫苗的人感染德尔塔病毒的风险较低，但是风险仍然不小；
二，接种两剂疫苗者和未接种疫苗者的传染性似乎一样强；
三，接种疫苗者能更快痊愈，但是他们的病毒载量峰值（此时的传染性最高）和未接种者差不多；
四，这或许可以解释为什么接种疫苗者依然容易把病毒传染给家人。
该研究的领头人之一、英国伦敦帝国理工学院的阿吉特·拉尔瓦尼教授说：“我们目前所观察到的接种疫苗者传播病毒的情况表明，让未接种者接种疫苗以防止自身被感染及发展成新冠肺炎重症是至关重要的，尤其是进入冬天后，更多人会长时间呆在室内近距离相处。”
“我们发现人们在打完第二针疫苗几个月后感染率又开始升高，因此适合打加强针的人应该及时补种。”
该研究的合著者、同样来自伦敦帝国理工学院的阿妮卡·辛格纳亚伽姆博士说：“我们的研究结果为接种疫苗对新毒株的效果提供了一些重要见解，尤其是德尔塔毒株持续在全球各地，甚至在疫苗接种率高的国家，引发大量新冠病例的原因。”
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
要问近期最火的女明星是谁，非玲娜贝儿莫属。过去的一个月里，这位迪士尼新晋顶流频频登上热搜，收割无数粉丝。各大网红博主纷纷化身“站姐”，蹲守迪士尼，随时捕捉其最新动态。
图源:微博@达菲友你
After debuting at Shanghai Disneyland Resort, LinaBell has become a viral sensation on Chinese social media platforms. As of Wednesday, a hashtag with the character’s name has been viewed over 350 million times on microblogging platform Weibo.
玲娜贝儿在上海迪士尼度假区首次亮相后，在中国社交媒体平台走红。截至11月3日，在新浪微博平台，该角色名字的话题阅读量超过3.5亿次。
“All of my female friends have LinaBell memes, which has now become a way of socializing and connecting with each other,” said Li, a 20-year-old student from Shanghai.
来自上海的20岁学生小李表示：“我所有的女性朋友都有玲娜贝儿的表情包，这已经成为我们的一种社交联络方式。”
谁是玲娜贝儿？
关于玲娜贝儿，迪士尼官方是这样介绍的：
We are so excited to introduce to you our new friend of Duffy, LinaBell. She is a fox with an inquisitive mind and the intelligence that supports it. She finds joy and excitement in solving problems and mysteries.
我们很高兴向您介绍达菲的新朋友，玲娜贝儿。她是一只充满好奇心、头脑聪明的狐狸。她能在解决问题和解开谜团中找到快乐。
Duffy met LinaBell when he was lost in the forest following a butterfly. LinaBell suddenly but masterfully took out her magnifying glass and started examining “clues” on Duffy’s body to figure out where he had come from. Thanks to her detective-like talent, Duffy was able to be reunited with Mickey Mouse. Duffy and the rest of the friends are often in awe of her ingenious ways of solving problems.
达菲遇到玲娜贝儿时，他在森林里跟着一只蝴蝶迷路了。玲娜贝儿突然出现，熟练地拿出她的放大镜，开始检查达菲身上的 "线索"，以弄清他从哪里来。多亏了她的侦探才能，达菲得以与米老鼠团聚。达菲和其他的朋友们常常对她解决问题的巧妙方法敬佩不已。
图源:微博@达菲友你
根据迪士尼官网介绍，玲娜贝儿是达菲的好朋友，说起达菲家族，它更像迪士尼打造的一个“偶像组合”。与迪士尼的其他IP不同，达菲家族没有动画作品支撑，只是纯卡通形象，角色的建立依托在形象、人设以及乐园互动中。成员的共同点是长相软萌可爱，性格讨喜，尤其是女玩偶，都拥有扑闪扑闪的卡姿兰大眼睛。因此，他们也被网友调侃是“没有作品，营销人设”的抢钱组合。
作为当红女明星，玲娜贝儿也是迪士尼的带货王，与之相关的官方周边早已断货，在二手网站上被炒到高价。
LinaBell’s souvenirs at Shanghai Disney were sold out, only to reappear on second-hand shopping platforms such as Xianyu at inflated prices. For example, a mid-sized LinaBell, which sells for 219 yuan ($34), now costs as much as 888 yuan, according to media reports.
上海迪士尼度假区的玲娜贝儿纪念品已经售罄，但却以高价重新出现在咸鱼等二手购物平台上。例如，据媒体报道，一个中型的玲娜贝儿玩偶原价219元，现在售价高达888元。
On China’s major e-commerce sites such as Taobao and JD.com, LinaBell related merchandise — including phone cases, hair bands, water cups, and bags — have become bestsellers.
在淘宝和京东等国内主要电商网站上，与玲娜贝儿相关的手机壳、发带、水杯和包包等商品已成为畅销品。
图源:微博@达菲友你
会“下蛊”的小狐狸
大大的眼睛，卷翘的睫毛，开心时撒娇卖萌，生气时跺脚拔剑，玲娜贝儿走红不仅是靠高颜值，更是因为她生动活泼、可爱大方的个性。
开开心心地去上班，光是看个背影就能感受到她的热情活泼啦！
撒着娇问饲养员要糖吃“拜托拜托，请给我一颗糖吧”，看得人心都化了~
蓬松而毛茸茸的粉红色大尾巴，轻轻一动摇摇晃晃，不知道迷倒了多少网友……
一位网友表示，看玲娜贝儿的视频很治愈：
“My everyday anxiety is instantly cured after watching her videos. It really brings me great joy and spiritual satisfaction. I didn’t believe someone could be so attached to a cartoon, but after meeting LinaBell, all I can think about is the little pink fox.”
“看完儿儿的视频我每天的焦虑都被治愈了，她真的带给我极大的快乐和精神上的满足。我不相信有人会如此喜爱一个卡通角色，但在见到玲娜贝儿之后，我的心里都是那只粉红色的小狐狸。”
“川沙妲己，妈妈爱你”，这是网友们为玲娜贝儿应援的口号。之所以叫“川沙妲己”是因为迪士尼在上海浦东新区川沙镇，而和妲己一样，玲娜贝儿也是一只可爱又迷人的小狐狸。
Many fans are now lovingly referring to LinaBell as their “daughter,” while some have christened her with nicknames such as “the female celebrity of Chuansha,” after the area where Shanghai Disneyland is located. Others have also started calling her “Daji of Chuansha,” referring to the favorite consort of King Zhou of Shang, and who was later mythologized as a fox spirit incarnate.
许多粉丝现在都亲切地把玲娜贝尔称为他们的“女儿”，也有人以上海迪士尼乐园所在地的名字给她起了绰号，“川沙女明星”。还有人称她是“川沙妲己”，妲己是商纣王最喜爱的妃子，后来被神话塑造为狐狸精的化身。
Analysts said that the popularity of LinaBell isn’t just limited to her appearance. The character has especially resonated with young female Chinese because of her personality — LinaBell breaks the stereotype of Disney’s dainty, princess-like female characters.
分析人士认为，玲娜贝尔走红不仅仅是因为颜值。这个角色的个性引起了中国年轻女性的共鸣——玲娜贝尔打破了迪士尼优雅、公主般的女性角色的刻板印象。
来源：Sixth tone，时尚Cosmo
编辑：董静 | After debuting at Shanghai Disneyland Resort, LinaBell has become a viral sensation on Chinese social media platforms. As of Wednesday, a hashtag with the character’s name has been viewed over 350 million times on microblogging platform Weibo.
“All of my female friends have LinaBell memes, which has now become a way of socializing and connecting with each other,” said Li, a 20-year-old student from Shanghai.
We are so excited to introduce to you our new friend of Duffy, LinaBell. She is a fox with an inquisitive mind and the intelligence that supports it. She finds joy and excitement in solving problems and mysteries.
Duffy met LinaBell when he was lost in the forest following a butterfly. LinaBell suddenly but masterfully took out her magnifying glass and started examining “clues” on Duffy’s body to figure out where he had come from. Thanks to her detective-like talent, Duffy was able to be reunited with Mickey Mouse. Duffy and the rest of the friends are often in awe of her ingenious ways of solving problems.
LinaBell’s souvenirs at Shanghai Disney were sold out, only to reappear on second-hand shopping platforms such as Xianyu at inflated prices. For example, a mid-sized LinaBell, which sells for 219 yuan ($34), now costs as much as 888 yuan, according to media reports.
On China’s major e-commerce sites such as Taobao and JD.com, LinaBell related merchandise — including phone cases, hair bands, water cups, and bags — have become bestsellers.
“My everyday anxiety is instantly cured after watching her videos. It really brings me great joy and spiritual satisfaction. I didn’t believe someone could be so attached to a cartoon, but after meeting LinaBell, all I can think about is the little pink fox.”
Many fans are now lovingly referring to LinaBell as their “daughter,” while some have christened her with nicknames such as “the female celebrity of Chuansha,” after the area where Shanghai Disneyland is located. Others have also started calling her “Daji of Chuansha,” referring to the favorite consort of King Zhou of Shang, and who was later mythologized as a fox spirit incarnate.
Analysts said that the popularity of LinaBell isn’t just limited to her appearance. The character has especially resonated with young female Chinese because of her personality — LinaBell breaks the stereotype of Disney’s dainty, princess-like female characters. | 要问近期最火的女明星是谁，非玲娜贝儿莫属。过去的一个月里，这位迪士尼新晋顶流频频登上热搜，收割无数粉丝。各大网红博主纷纷化身“站姐”，蹲守迪士尼，随时捕捉其最新动态。
图源:微博@达菲友你
玲娜贝儿在上海迪士尼度假区首次亮相后，在中国社交媒体平台走红。截至11月3日，在新浪微博平台，该角色名字的话题阅读量超过3.5亿次。
来自上海的20岁学生小李表示：“我所有的女性朋友都有玲娜贝儿的表情包，这已经成为我们的一种社交联络方式。”
谁是玲娜贝儿？
关于玲娜贝儿，迪士尼官方是这样介绍的：
我们很高兴向您介绍达菲的新朋友，玲娜贝儿。她是一只充满好奇心、头脑聪明的狐狸。她能在解决问题和解开谜团中找到快乐。
达菲遇到玲娜贝儿时，他在森林里跟着一只蝴蝶迷路了。玲娜贝儿突然出现，熟练地拿出她的放大镜，开始检查达菲身上的 "线索"，以弄清他从哪里来。多亏了她的侦探才能，达菲得以与米老鼠团聚。达菲和其他的朋友们常常对她解决问题的巧妙方法敬佩不已。
图源:微博@达菲友你
根据迪士尼官网介绍，玲娜贝儿是达菲的好朋友，说起达菲家族，它更像迪士尼打造的一个“偶像组合”。与迪士尼的其他IP不同，达菲家族没有动画作品支撑，只是纯卡通形象，角色的建立依托在形象、人设以及乐园互动中。成员的共同点是长相软萌可爱，性格讨喜，尤其是女玩偶，都拥有扑闪扑闪的卡姿兰大眼睛。因此，他们也被网友调侃是“没有作品，营销人设”的抢钱组合。
作为当红女明星，玲娜贝儿也是迪士尼的带货王，与之相关的官方周边早已断货，在二手网站上被炒到高价。
上海迪士尼度假区的玲娜贝儿纪念品已经售罄，但却以高价重新出现在咸鱼等二手购物平台上。例如，据媒体报道，一个中型的玲娜贝儿玩偶原价219元，现在售价高达888元。
在淘宝和京东等国内主要电商网站上，与玲娜贝儿相关的手机壳、发带、水杯和包包等商品已成为畅销品。
图源:微博@达菲友你
会“下蛊”的小狐狸
大大的眼睛，卷翘的睫毛，开心时撒娇卖萌，生气时跺脚拔剑，玲娜贝儿走红不仅是靠高颜值，更是因为她生动活泼、可爱大方的个性。
开开心心地去上班，光是看个背影就能感受到她的热情活泼啦！
撒着娇问饲养员要糖吃“拜托拜托，请给我一颗糖吧”，看得人心都化了~
蓬松而毛茸茸的粉红色大尾巴，轻轻一动摇摇晃晃，不知道迷倒了多少网友……
一位网友表示，看玲娜贝儿的视频很治愈：
“看完儿儿的视频我每天的焦虑都被治愈了，她真的带给我极大的快乐和精神上的满足。我不相信有人会如此喜爱一个卡通角色，但在见到玲娜贝儿之后，我的心里都是那只粉红色的小狐狸。”
“川沙妲己，妈妈爱你”，这是网友们为玲娜贝儿应援的口号。之所以叫“川沙妲己”是因为迪士尼在上海浦东新区川沙镇，而和妲己一样，玲娜贝儿也是一只可爱又迷人的小狐狸。
许多粉丝现在都亲切地把玲娜贝尔称为他们的“女儿”，也有人以上海迪士尼乐园所在地的名字给她起了绰号，“川沙女明星”。还有人称她是“川沙妲己”，妲己是商纣王最喜爱的妃子，后来被神话塑造为狐狸精的化身。
分析人士认为，玲娜贝尔走红不仅仅是因为颜值。这个角色的个性引起了中国年轻女性的共鸣——玲娜贝尔打破了迪士尼优雅、公主般的女性角色的刻板印象。
来源：Sixth tone，时尚Cosmo
编辑：董静 |
最近台湾事情有点多
拜登先说“协助保卫台湾”
布林肯也妄言支持台湾
“积极、有意义地参与联合国系统”
After US
P
resident Joe Biden said
“
defend Taiwan
”
, US
S
ecretary of
S
tate Antony Blinken
called for its “participation” in “UN system”.
蔡英文听了有点飘
说有美军驻扎在台湾
被台防务部门紧急否认
光速打脸
Perhaps motivated by them, Tsai Ing-wen said there are “US troops in Taiwan”, which was soon denied by her “defense officials”.
太可笑了
谁看不出来
美国把台湾挂在嘴边
只是看上台湾那点钱？
Ridiculous! Everybody knows that the US only likes the money from Taiwan.
美国确实想阻止中国两岸统一
好留张牌在手里
US politicians want to curb China’s national reunification,
但他们早已力不从心
强撑巨额军费支出已很勉强
but they have long been overloaded in supporting their expenditure.
现在想干涉中国内政
哪来的那个实力？
Their ability is not enough to support their ambition.
前一段
美国潜艇还在南海撞上不明物体
不仅潜艇受伤
更让全世界看清了美国的虚弱
Their submarine’s recent accident in South China Sea has revealed their weakness.
台湾是中国的一部分
这是任何人、任何势力都无法改变的
历史和法理事实
Taiwan is part of China, and that fact cannot be altered by anybody.
民进党再努力地攀主子
也只是徒劳
只会让自己成为笑料
The harder the Democratic Progressive Party tries to please its master, the bigger laughing stock it will be.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | After US
P
resident Joe Biden said
“
defend Taiwan
”
, US
S
ecretary of
S
tate Antony Blinken
called for its “participation” in “UN system”.
Perhaps motivated by them, Tsai Ing-wen said there are “US troops in Taiwan”, which was soon denied by her “defense officials”.
Ridiculous! Everybody knows that the US only likes the money from Taiwan.
US politicians want to curb China’s national reunification,
but they have long been overloaded in supporting their expenditure.
Their ability is not enough to support their ambition.
Their submarine’s recent accident in South China Sea has revealed their weakness.
Taiwan is part of China, and that fact cannot be altered by anybody.
The harder the Democratic Progressive Party tries to please its master, the bigger laughing stock it will be. | 最近台湾事情有点多
拜登先说“协助保卫台湾”
布林肯也妄言支持台湾
“积极、有意义地参与联合国系统”
蔡英文听了有点飘
说有美军驻扎在台湾
被台防务部门紧急否认
光速打脸
太可笑了
谁看不出来
美国把台湾挂在嘴边
只是看上台湾那点钱？
美国确实想阻止中国两岸统一
好留张牌在手里
但他们早已力不从心
强撑巨额军费支出已很勉强
现在想干涉中国内政
哪来的那个实力？
前一段
美国潜艇还在南海撞上不明物体
不仅潜艇受伤
更让全世界看清了美国的虚弱
台湾是中国的一部分
这是任何人、任何势力都无法改变的
历史和法理事实
民进党再努力地攀主子
也只是徒劳
只会让自己成为笑料
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
二氧化碳是气候变化的元凶，除了生活中的碳排放，空气中的二氧化碳也是个棘手的问题。冰岛一家工厂采用了新除碳技术，捕获空气中的二氧化碳并将其转化为石头，这样二氧化碳就“无处可逃”了！
Climeworks factory with its fans in front of the collector, drawing in ambient air and release it, as largely purified CO2 through ventilators at the back is seen at the Hellisheidi power plant near Reykjavik on October 11, 2021. Photo/AFP
At the foot of an Icelandic volcano, a newly-opened plant is sucking carbon dioxide from the air and turning it to rock, locking away the main culprit behind global warming.
在冰岛的一座火山脚下，一家新开的工厂正在吸收空气中的二氧化碳并将其转化为石头，把全球变暖的元凶囚禁起来。
Orca, based on the Icelandic word for "energy," does its cutting-edge work at the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant in southwest Iceland.
这家名为Orca（源自冰岛语，意思是“能源”）的工厂在冰岛西南部的赫利舍迪地热发电站开展这一尖端工作。
It is the world's largest plant using the direct air capture technology (DAC), which is the least developed of the carbon removal technologies. Climeworks, a Swiss start-up that has just built the plant, is not deterred.
该工厂是全世界使用直接空气捕集技术的最大工厂，直接空气捕集技术是各种除碳技术中最不成熟的一种。尽管如此，开办这一工厂的瑞士初创企业Climeworks并没有被吓退。
By pulling CO2 from ambient air, the plant is different from more traditional types of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects at highly-polluting industrial smokestacks.
这家吸收周围空气中二氧化碳的工厂和比较传统的碳捕获与存储项目不同，后者被用于捕获高度污染的工业烟囱废气。
Fans in front of the collector draw in ambient air and release it, largely purified of CO2, through ventilators at the back.
该工厂的收集器在通过前端的风扇吸入周围空气后，会去除空气中的大部分二氧化碳，然后通过尾端的排气扇将净化后的空气排出。
Project manager Lukas Kaufmann said "very selective filter material inside our collector containers" catch carbon dioxide.
项目经理卢卡斯·考夫曼说，“收集器内部容器中精度很高的过滤物质”会捕获二氧化碳。
"As soon as the filter is full, we close it off, and then we heat it up to around 100 degrees Celsius" to separate the pure gas, Kaufmann added.
考夫曼说：“一旦过滤器满了，我们就会关闭入口，然后将其加热到100摄氏度”以分离出二氧化碳。
Dissolved in fresh water, the gas is then injected under high pressure into the basalt rock between 800 and 2,000 metres underground.
二氧化碳在淡水中溶解后就会通过高压注入地下800米到2000米深的玄武岩中。
The solution fills the rock's cavities and the solidification process begins -- a chemical reaction turning it to calcified white crystals that occurs when the gas comes in contact with the calcium, magnesium and iron in the basalt.
溶液填满岩石的缝隙，凝固过程就开始了。当二氧化碳接触到玄武岩中的钙、镁和铁，就会产生化学反应，转变成钙化白色晶体。
It takes up to two years for the CO2 to petrify.
让二氧化碳石化需要两年时间。
Climeworks factory with its fans in front of the collector, drawing in ambient air and release it, as largely purified CO2 through ventilators at the back is seen at the Hellisheidi power plant near Reykjavik on October 11, 2021.Photo/AFP
The carbon dioxide would only be re-released into the air if the rock were to heat up to very high temperatures, as in a volcanic eruption, Didier Dalmazzone, head of the chemistry laboratory at French engineering school ENSTA Paris, told AFP.
法国国立高等先进科技学校（法国的一家工程学院）的化学实验室主任迪迪尔·达尔马佐内告诉法新社说，只有在岩石被加热到温度极高的时候（比如在火山喷发的情况下），二氧化碳才有可能被重新释放到空气中。
The volcanic activity level here is considered low, with the last eruption 1,900 years ago.
据认为，这里的火山活动水平很低，上一次火山喷发是1900年前。
The Orca plant, which cost $10-15 million to build, can suck up around 4,000 tonnes of CO2 per year.
耗资1000万至1500万美元（约合人民币6400万到9600万元）建造的Orca工厂每年可吸收约4000吨二氧化碳。
The amount is tiny by global standards. Climate modelling suggests the world needs to eliminate several billion tonnes per year by 2050.
按照全球标准来看，这个数量是微不足道的。气候模型显示，2050年前，全球每年需要去除几十亿吨二氧化碳。
CCS is one of the methods advocated by experts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C from pre-industrial levels by 2100. That is the bar seen as the only way to prevent catastrophic global warming.
为了防止灾难性的全球变暖，专家认为唯一的途径就是在2100年前将全球升温幅度控制在比工业化前水平高1.5摄氏度以内。碳捕获与存储技术是专家提倡的除碳方式之一。
CCS methods capture CO2 before it enters the atmosphere, pulling it immediately from highly-concentrated industrial pollution zones.
碳捕获与存储技术是在二氧化碳进入大气前捕获二氧化碳，将其立即抽离工业集中污染区。
But the direct air capture (DAC) process, like the one in Iceland, aims to capture past emissions already in the atmosphere.
但是冰岛的这种直接空气捕集方法旨在捕获过去排放到大气中的二氧化碳。
However, the DAC method is in its early days and is hampered by the small concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.
但是，直接空气捕集技术还不成熟，而且还面临大气中二氧化碳浓度太低等障碍。
Orca has to process two million cubic metres of air to capture just one tonne of CO2 -- a costly process that requires large amounts of energy, though Climeworks would not divulge any details.
Orca工厂要处理200万立方米的空气才能捕获1吨二氧化碳，这一过程要耗费大量能源，不过Climeworks公司没有透露关于成本的任何细节。
英文来源：法新社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Climeworks factory with its fans in front of the collector, drawing in ambient air and release it, as largely purified CO2 through ventilators at the back is seen at the Hellisheidi power plant near Reykjavik on October 11, 2021. Photo/AFP
At the foot of an Icelandic volcano, a newly-opened plant is sucking carbon dioxide from the air and turning it to rock, locking away the main culprit behind global warming.
Orca, based on the Icelandic word for "energy," does its cutting-edge work at the Hellisheidi geothermal power plant in southwest Iceland.
It is the world's largest plant using the direct air capture technology (DAC), which is the least developed of the carbon removal technologies. Climeworks, a Swiss start-up that has just built the plant, is not deterred.
By pulling CO2 from ambient air, the plant is different from more traditional types of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects at highly-polluting industrial smokestacks.
Fans in front of the collector draw in ambient air and release it, largely purified of CO2, through ventilators at the back.
Project manager Lukas Kaufmann said "very selective filter material inside our collector containers" catch carbon dioxide.
"As soon as the filter is full, we close it off, and then we heat it up to around 100 degrees Celsius" to separate the pure gas, Kaufmann added.
Dissolved in fresh water, the gas is then injected under high pressure into the basalt rock between 800 and 2,000 metres underground.
The solution fills the rock's cavities and the solidification process begins -- a chemical reaction turning it to calcified white crystals that occurs when the gas comes in contact with the calcium, magnesium and iron in the basalt.
It takes up to two years for the CO2 to petrify.
Climeworks factory with its fans in front of the collector, drawing in ambient air and release it, as largely purified CO2 through ventilators at the back is seen at the Hellisheidi power plant near Reykjavik on October 11, 2021.Photo/AFP
The carbon dioxide would only be re-released into the air if the rock were to heat up to very high temperatures, as in a volcanic eruption, Didier Dalmazzone, head of the chemistry laboratory at French engineering school ENSTA Paris, told AFP.
The volcanic activity level here is considered low, with the last eruption 1,900 years ago.
The Orca plant, which cost $10-15 million to build, can suck up around 4,000 tonnes of CO2 per year.
The amount is tiny by global standards. Climate modelling suggests the world needs to eliminate several billion tonnes per year by 2050.
CCS is one of the methods advocated by experts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees C from pre-industrial levels by 2100. That is the bar seen as the only way to prevent catastrophic global warming.
CCS methods capture CO2 before it enters the atmosphere, pulling it immediately from highly-concentrated industrial pollution zones.
But the direct air capture (DAC) process, like the one in Iceland, aims to capture past emissions already in the atmosphere.
However, the DAC method is in its early days and is hampered by the small concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Orca has to process two million cubic metres of air to capture just one tonne of CO2 -- a costly process that requires large amounts of energy, though Climeworks would not divulge any details. | 二氧化碳是气候变化的元凶，除了生活中的碳排放，空气中的二氧化碳也是个棘手的问题。冰岛一家工厂采用了新除碳技术，捕获空气中的二氧化碳并将其转化为石头，这样二氧化碳就“无处可逃”了！
在冰岛的一座火山脚下，一家新开的工厂正在吸收空气中的二氧化碳并将其转化为石头，把全球变暖的元凶囚禁起来。
这家名为Orca（源自冰岛语，意思是“能源”）的工厂在冰岛西南部的赫利舍迪地热发电站开展这一尖端工作。
该工厂是全世界使用直接空气捕集技术的最大工厂，直接空气捕集技术是各种除碳技术中最不成熟的一种。尽管如此，开办这一工厂的瑞士初创企业Climeworks并没有被吓退。
这家吸收周围空气中二氧化碳的工厂和比较传统的碳捕获与存储项目不同，后者被用于捕获高度污染的工业烟囱废气。
该工厂的收集器在通过前端的风扇吸入周围空气后，会去除空气中的大部分二氧化碳，然后通过尾端的排气扇将净化后的空气排出。
项目经理卢卡斯·考夫曼说，“收集器内部容器中精度很高的过滤物质”会捕获二氧化碳。
考夫曼说：“一旦过滤器满了，我们就会关闭入口，然后将其加热到100摄氏度”以分离出二氧化碳。
二氧化碳在淡水中溶解后就会通过高压注入地下800米到2000米深的玄武岩中。
溶液填满岩石的缝隙，凝固过程就开始了。当二氧化碳接触到玄武岩中的钙、镁和铁，就会产生化学反应，转变成钙化白色晶体。
让二氧化碳石化需要两年时间。
法国国立高等先进科技学校（法国的一家工程学院）的化学实验室主任迪迪尔·达尔马佐内告诉法新社说，只有在岩石被加热到温度极高的时候（比如在火山喷发的情况下），二氧化碳才有可能被重新释放到空气中。
据认为，这里的火山活动水平很低，上一次火山喷发是1900年前。
耗资1000万至1500万美元（约合人民币6400万到9600万元）建造的Orca工厂每年可吸收约4000吨二氧化碳。
按照全球标准来看，这个数量是微不足道的。气候模型显示，2050年前，全球每年需要去除几十亿吨二氧化碳。
为了防止灾难性的全球变暖，专家认为唯一的途径就是在2100年前将全球升温幅度控制在比工业化前水平高1.5摄氏度以内。碳捕获与存储技术是专家提倡的除碳方式之一。
碳捕获与存储技术是在二氧化碳进入大气前捕获二氧化碳，将其立即抽离工业集中污染区。
但是冰岛的这种直接空气捕集方法旨在捕获过去排放到大气中的二氧化碳。
但是，直接空气捕集技术还不成熟，而且还面临大气中二氧化碳浓度太低等障碍。
Orca工厂要处理200万立方米的空气才能捕获1吨二氧化碳，这一过程要耗费大量能源，不过Climeworks公司没有透露关于成本的任何细节。
英文来源：法新社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
单词书买了一本又一本，却没有一本能背完……说好了早睡早起，却总是戒不掉熬夜赖床……总有人野心勃勃地立下目标，却半途而废。生活中的成功来自于你始终如一的努力，而只有自律才能让你做到这一点。要想成为一个自律的人，首先你需要明白下面5个道理。
Photo by George Milton from Pexels
1. 你的人生由你自己决定
No matter what your goals are in life, there is one great law that you need to obey in order to be successful: No one else is going to climb the ladder of success for you. No one else is responsible for your health, wealth, happiness, or success. From the day you leave your parents’ house and start to make your own choices, you are responsible for your life and the choices you make. You choose the job you work in, the person you live with, and how much you exercise every day. Only you can choose how you spend your time, and the decisions you make on a consistent basis will make or break your life.
无论你的人生目标是什么，为了成功，你都必须遵守一条伟大的法则：没有人会替你爬上成功的阶梯。没有人对你的健康、财富、幸福或成功负责。从你离开父母家开始做出自己选择的那一天起，你就要对自己的生活和选择负责。你可以选择你的工作，和你一起生活的人，以及你每天锻炼的时间。只有你才能选择如何利用自己的时间，你持续做出的选择将决定你的生活。
If you want a better life, you need to make better decisions. You can blame other people for your lack of results or happiness all life long, but it doesn’t change anything. Only you can change your life by changing the choices you make. Take responsibility for everything in your life, even if you can’t directly influence it. Even if it’s not in your direct control, you can always choose how you respond.
如果你想要更好的生活，你需要做出更好的决定。你可以因为自己一无所成或不够幸福而责怪别人，但这不会改变任何事。你只能通过改变自己的选择来改变你的生活。对生活中的每件事负责，即使你不能直接影响它。即使它不在你的直接控制之下，你也可以选择如何回应。
2. 成功最大的敌人
According to motivational speaker Brian Tracy, the biggest enemy to success is the path of least resistance. If you choose what is fun and easy over what is necessary, you will never reach the levels of success and happiness you are capable of achieving in your life. That’s because every great victory requires great sacrifice. If success was easy, everybody would be successful. But because success in any area of your life requires hard work and sacrifices, most people will never reach their full potential.
励志演讲家布赖恩·特蕾西说，通往成功的最大敌人是阻力最小的道路。如果你选择做有趣和容易的事，而不是必要的事，你将永远无法达到你在生活中能够达到的成功和幸福的水平。那是因为每一次伟大的胜利都需要巨大的牺牲。如果成功很容易，每个人都会成功。但是，因为在生活的任何领域取得成功都需要努力付出和牺牲，大多数人永远无法充分发挥出他们的潜力。
Whenever you decide not to do what you should be doing, you not only waste your opportunity to grow as a person, but you also lose confidence in yourself. You start to see yourself as lazy and unsuccessful, and that self-image will become a successful prophecy.
每当你决定逃避你应该做的事情时，你不仅浪费了一个成长的机会，而且也失去了对自己的信心。你开始认为自己懒惰、失败，然后你就会真的自暴自弃。
To achieve any goal you have, there are only three things you need: A clear vision for what it is you want, a plan to get there, and massive action consistently repeated over time! While the first two parts are the easy parts of the equation, most people struggle with the last part: Hard work.
要实现任何目标，你只需要做三件事：清楚你想要的是什么，一个实现目标的计划，以及随着时间的推移不断重复的大量行动！前两部分很简单，大多数人都难以做到最后一部分：努力。
There is nothing that you can’t achieve with hard work, so it is necessary that you build the habit of choosing what is hard and necessary over what is fun and easy to do. Doing this is probably the surest way to succeed in life.
没有什么是你通过努力无法实现的，因此你有必要养成习惯，选择困难和必须做的事情，而不是选择有趣和容易做的事情。这可能是通向成功最可靠的路。
3.做长远的考虑
To quote Abraham Lincoln, “The best way to predict the future is to create it.” If you ever wonder where you will be 10 years from now, look at your current life. What actions are you taking to make your goals reality? How many books are you reading to grow as a person, and how many new things are you learning? Which people are you associating with? Are you putting in the effort necessary to achieve your goals today?
亚伯拉罕·林肯说过：“预测未来的最好方法就是创造未来。”如果你想知道10年后你会在哪里，看看你现在的生活。你正在采取什么行动来实现你的目标？为了个人成长，你读了多少本书，你在学习什么新东西？你和哪些人交往？你今天是否投入了必要的努力来实现自己的目标？
People oftentimes think that their lives will suddenly change through some magical event in the future, but that is not the case. Your life changes only to the extent that you change. If you are not happy with your current circumstances, are you taking actions to change them? If not, you are just daydreaming. Nothing will ever change if you don’t change what you do daily. As Aristotle noted over 2,000 years ago, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.”
人们常认为生活会因为未来的一些神奇事件而突然改变，但事实并非如此。只有你做出改变，生活才会改变。如果你对目前的情况不满意，你是否开始采取行动改变现状？如果没有，你只是在做白日梦。如果你不改变你每天做的事情，什么都不会变。正如亚里士多德在2000多年前指出的，“我们反复做的事决定我们成为什么样的人。因此，卓越不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。”
A great way to actively create your future is to ask yourself: If I already achieved my goals, how would I act on a daily basis? What books would I read, how often would I work out, and how would I spend my time at the office?
积极创造未来的一个好方法是问问自己：如果我已经实现了目标，我每天会怎么过？我会读什么书，多久锻炼一次，我会如何利用办公时间？
Once you answer these questions, you know what to do.
一旦你回答了这些问题，你就知道该怎么做了。
4.挫折是成功的一部分
In life, nothing worth having comes easy. You have to make sacrifices in the form of time, effort, pain, and hard work if you want to succeed. There will be many setbacks, and any time you get close to finally succeeding, there will be some more adversity testing how bad you really want it. Only after passing one more test, and then another, will you be able to succeed.
在生活中，任何值得拥有的东西都来之不易。如果你想成功，必须付出时间、精力、痛苦和努力。人生有很多挫折，每当你接近最终成功的时候，都会有更多的逆境来测试你到底有多想成功。只有通过一次又一次的测试，你才能成功。
The great tragedy of life is that most people give up right before achieving success. They already made it to the five yard line, and all they need is one final push to make the touchdown and bring home the sweet victory. But right before they do that, there is one final obstacle standing in their way – one last failure that they need to overcome. Way too many people give up right then and there, without realizing how close they are.
人生最大的悲剧是大多数人在取得成功之前就放弃了。他们离成功只有一步之遥，他们所需要的只是最后一搏，就能触地得分，并带回甜蜜的胜利。但就在他们这么做之前，还有最后一个障碍挡在面前——这是他们需要克服的最后一个失败。太多的人直接放弃了，却没有意识到他们离成功有多近。
If you just take one thing from this post, let it be this: Whenever you encounter failure and adversity, keep going! Success is supposed to be hard because that’s what makes it so special. If it was easy, anybody could do it.
如果你只能从这篇文章中学到一件事，那就是：无论何时遇到失败和逆境，都要坚持下去！成功是艰难的，这也是它如此特别的原因。如果容易的话，任何人都能成功。
The only way to grow as a person is by facing the biggest challenges in life and enduring long enough to succeed. No matter how long it takes or how hard it gets, always remember the words of motivational speaker Les Brown: “It’s not over until I win!”
成长的唯一途径是面对生活中最大的挑战，并坚持下去以取得成功。无论需要多长时间，无论有多困难，都要记住励志演说家莱斯·布朗的话：“我赢了才算结束！”
5.做好决不放弃的准备
To make sure that you stay strong in the face of adversity, make sure to resolve in advance how you will respond once it occurs. You need to have a plan for what to do when all hell breaks loose, or else it is too easy to just give up. When writing your goals, commit to making them come true, no matter how hard it may be. Determine how you will respond to failures and setbacks so you can bounce back stronger and better than ever before.
为了在逆境面前保持坚强，一定要事先确定一旦困难出现你将如何应对。你需要有一个计划，当最坏的情况出现时你该怎么做，否则就很容易放弃。定下目标时无论有多困难，要保证将其实现。确定你将如何应对失败和挫折，这样你才能比以往任何时候都更坚强、更好地站起来。
If you make this commitment and never break it, you will succeed at anything you set your mind to. Maybe not immediately, but definitely.
如果你许下这个承诺，并且坚持下去，你下定决心做的所有事情都能成功。也许不会马上成功，但肯定会。
来源：Lifehack
编辑：董静 | Photo by George Milton from Pexels
No matter what your goals are in life, there is one great law that you need to obey in order to be successful: No one else is going to climb the ladder of success for you. No one else is responsible for your health, wealth, happiness, or success. From the day you leave your parents’ house and start to make your own choices, you are responsible for your life and the choices you make. You choose the job you work in, the person you live with, and how much you exercise every day. Only you can choose how you spend your time, and the decisions you make on a consistent basis will make or break your life.
If you want a better life, you need to make better decisions. You can blame other people for your lack of results or happiness all life long, but it doesn’t change anything. Only you can change your life by changing the choices you make. Take responsibility for everything in your life, even if you can’t directly influence it. Even if it’s not in your direct control, you can always choose how you respond.
According to motivational speaker Brian Tracy, the biggest enemy to success is the path of least resistance. If you choose what is fun and easy over what is necessary, you will never reach the levels of success and happiness you are capable of achieving in your life. That’s because every great victory requires great sacrifice. If success was easy, everybody would be successful. But because success in any area of your life requires hard work and sacrifices, most people will never reach their full potential.
Whenever you decide not to do what you should be doing, you not only waste your opportunity to grow as a person, but you also lose confidence in yourself. You start to see yourself as lazy and unsuccessful, and that self-image will become a successful prophecy.
To achieve any goal you have, there are only three things you need: A clear vision for what it is you want, a plan to get there, and massive action consistently repeated over time! While the first two parts are the easy parts of the equation, most people struggle with the last part: Hard work.
There is nothing that you can’t achieve with hard work, so it is necessary that you build the habit of choosing what is hard and necessary over what is fun and easy to do. Doing this is probably the surest way to succeed in life.
To quote Abraham Lincoln, “The best way to predict the future is to create it.” If you ever wonder where you will be 10 years from now, look at your current life. What actions are you taking to make your goals reality? How many books are you reading to grow as a person, and how many new things are you learning? Which people are you associating with? Are you putting in the effort necessary to achieve your goals today?
People oftentimes think that their lives will suddenly change through some magical event in the future, but that is not the case. Your life changes only to the extent that you change. If you are not happy with your current circumstances, are you taking actions to change them? If not, you are just daydreaming. Nothing will ever change if you don’t change what you do daily. As Aristotle noted over 2,000 years ago, “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence then, is not an act, but a habit.”
A great way to actively create your future is to ask yourself: If I already achieved my goals, how would I act on a daily basis? What books would I read, how often would I work out, and how would I spend my time at the office?
Once you answer these questions, you know what to do.
In life, nothing worth having comes easy. You have to make sacrifices in the form of time, effort, pain, and hard work if you want to succeed. There will be many setbacks, and any time you get close to finally succeeding, there will be some more adversity testing how bad you really want it. Only after passing one more test, and then another, will you be able to succeed.
The great tragedy of life is that most people give up right before achieving success. They already made it to the five yard line, and all they need is one final push to make the touchdown and bring home the sweet victory. But right before they do that, there is one final obstacle standing in their way – one last failure that they need to overcome. Way too many people give up right then and there, without realizing how close they are.
If you just take one thing from this post, let it be this: Whenever you encounter failure and adversity, keep going! Success is supposed to be hard because that’s what makes it so special. If it was easy, anybody could do it.
The only way to grow as a person is by facing the biggest challenges in life and enduring long enough to succeed. No matter how long it takes or how hard it gets, always remember the words of motivational speaker Les Brown: “It’s not over until I win!”
To make sure that you stay strong in the face of adversity, make sure to resolve in advance how you will respond once it occurs. You need to have a plan for what to do when all hell breaks loose, or else it is too easy to just give up. When writing your goals, commit to making them come true, no matter how hard it may be. Determine how you will respond to failures and setbacks so you can bounce back stronger and better than ever before.
If you make this commitment and never break it, you will succeed at anything you set your mind to. Maybe not immediately, but definitely. | 单词书买了一本又一本，却没有一本能背完……说好了早睡早起，却总是戒不掉熬夜赖床……总有人野心勃勃地立下目标，却半途而废。生活中的成功来自于你始终如一的努力，而只有自律才能让你做到这一点。要想成为一个自律的人，首先你需要明白下面5个道理。
1. 你的人生由你自己决定
无论你的人生目标是什么，为了成功，你都必须遵守一条伟大的法则：没有人会替你爬上成功的阶梯。没有人对你的健康、财富、幸福或成功负责。从你离开父母家开始做出自己选择的那一天起，你就要对自己的生活和选择负责。你可以选择你的工作，和你一起生活的人，以及你每天锻炼的时间。只有你才能选择如何利用自己的时间，你持续做出的选择将决定你的生活。
如果你想要更好的生活，你需要做出更好的决定。你可以因为自己一无所成或不够幸福而责怪别人，但这不会改变任何事。你只能通过改变自己的选择来改变你的生活。对生活中的每件事负责，即使你不能直接影响它。即使它不在你的直接控制之下，你也可以选择如何回应。
2. 成功最大的敌人
励志演讲家布赖恩·特蕾西说，通往成功的最大敌人是阻力最小的道路。如果你选择做有趣和容易的事，而不是必要的事，你将永远无法达到你在生活中能够达到的成功和幸福的水平。那是因为每一次伟大的胜利都需要巨大的牺牲。如果成功很容易，每个人都会成功。但是，因为在生活的任何领域取得成功都需要努力付出和牺牲，大多数人永远无法充分发挥出他们的潜力。
每当你决定逃避你应该做的事情时，你不仅浪费了一个成长的机会，而且也失去了对自己的信心。你开始认为自己懒惰、失败，然后你就会真的自暴自弃。
要实现任何目标，你只需要做三件事：清楚你想要的是什么，一个实现目标的计划，以及随着时间的推移不断重复的大量行动！前两部分很简单，大多数人都难以做到最后一部分：努力。
没有什么是你通过努力无法实现的，因此你有必要养成习惯，选择困难和必须做的事情，而不是选择有趣和容易做的事情。这可能是通向成功最可靠的路。
3.做长远的考虑
亚伯拉罕·林肯说过：“预测未来的最好方法就是创造未来。”如果你想知道10年后你会在哪里，看看你现在的生活。你正在采取什么行动来实现你的目标？为了个人成长，你读了多少本书，你在学习什么新东西？你和哪些人交往？你今天是否投入了必要的努力来实现自己的目标？
人们常认为生活会因为未来的一些神奇事件而突然改变，但事实并非如此。只有你做出改变，生活才会改变。如果你对目前的情况不满意，你是否开始采取行动改变现状？如果没有，你只是在做白日梦。如果你不改变你每天做的事情，什么都不会变。正如亚里士多德在2000多年前指出的，“我们反复做的事决定我们成为什么样的人。因此，卓越不是一种行为，而是一种习惯。”
积极创造未来的一个好方法是问问自己：如果我已经实现了目标，我每天会怎么过？我会读什么书，多久锻炼一次，我会如何利用办公时间？
一旦你回答了这些问题，你就知道该怎么做了。
4.挫折是成功的一部分
在生活中，任何值得拥有的东西都来之不易。如果你想成功，必须付出时间、精力、痛苦和努力。人生有很多挫折，每当你接近最终成功的时候，都会有更多的逆境来测试你到底有多想成功。只有通过一次又一次的测试，你才能成功。
人生最大的悲剧是大多数人在取得成功之前就放弃了。他们离成功只有一步之遥，他们所需要的只是最后一搏，就能触地得分，并带回甜蜜的胜利。但就在他们这么做之前，还有最后一个障碍挡在面前——这是他们需要克服的最后一个失败。太多的人直接放弃了，却没有意识到他们离成功有多近。
如果你只能从这篇文章中学到一件事，那就是：无论何时遇到失败和逆境，都要坚持下去！成功是艰难的，这也是它如此特别的原因。如果容易的话，任何人都能成功。
成长的唯一途径是面对生活中最大的挑战，并坚持下去以取得成功。无论需要多长时间，无论有多困难，都要记住励志演说家莱斯·布朗的话：“我赢了才算结束！”
5.做好决不放弃的准备
为了在逆境面前保持坚强，一定要事先确定一旦困难出现你将如何应对。你需要有一个计划，当最坏的情况出现时你该怎么做，否则就很容易放弃。定下目标时无论有多困难，要保证将其实现。确定你将如何应对失败和挫折，这样你才能比以往任何时候都更坚强、更好地站起来。
如果你许下这个承诺，并且坚持下去，你下定决心做的所有事情都能成功。也许不会马上成功，但肯定会。
来源：Lifehack
编辑：董静 |
尽管疫苗的出现降低了新冠死亡率，全球新冠死亡人数从400万增加到500万相比从300万增加到400万用时更长，但是全球的疫情形势仍然不容乐观。
欧洲的新冠病例还在不断增加，俄罗斯的单日新增病例和死亡人数创下了疫情暴发以来的新高，还有许多贫困国家的疫苗接种率极低。世卫组织警告称，疫情离结束还早得很。
Members of Global Justice Now protest carrying coffins through Westminster to highlight the global number of deaths from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in London, Britain October 12, 2021. REUTERS/Hannah McKay
More than five million people are known to have died of Covid-19 worldwide, 19 months since the pandemic began, according to Johns Hopkins University.
约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的数据显示，疫情暴发19个月以来，世界范围内已有超500万人死于新冠肺炎。
Vaccines have slowed the death rate, but some health experts say the true toll could be far higher.
虽然疫苗延缓了死亡率的增长，但是一些卫生专家表示，真实死亡人数可能比这个数字高得多。
The milestone comes amid warnings from health officials that cases and deaths in some places are rising for the first time in months.
就在新冠死亡人数破500万之际，卫生官员警告称，一些地区的新增病例和死亡人数数月以来首次出现增长。
Nearly 250 million cases of the virus have been recorded worldwide.
世界范围内记录的新冠确诊病例已达到了近2.5亿例。
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the pandemic's real global death toll could be two to three times higher than official records.
据世界卫生组织估计，真实的全球新冠死亡人数可能比官方记录数据高两到三倍。
How much testing individual countries carry out will have a bearing on their death figures. Very few deaths have occurred in Africa, for example, compared to other continents and this is likely to be one factor.
一个国家开展新冠病毒检测的频率将会影响该国的新冠死亡数据。举例而言，相比其他大陆，非洲的新冠死亡人数很低，检测频率可能是其中一个因素。
In the US, more than 745,800 people have died, making it the country with the highest number of recorded deaths.
美国已有超74万5800人死于新冠肺炎，这使美国成为报告新冠死亡人数最高的国家。
It is followed by Brazil, with 607,824 recorded deaths, and India, with 458,437. But health experts believe these numbers are under reported, partly because of deaths at home and those in rural communities.
仅次于美国的是巴西和印度，新冠死亡人数分别达到60万7824人和45万8437人。但是卫生专家认为真实死亡人数不止这些，部分原因是有些患者在家中或农村社区去世，死亡数据没有上报。
It has taken the world longer to reach the latest one million deaths than the previous two.
这次全球新冠死亡人数新增100万比前两次用时更长。
It took over 110 days to go from four million deaths to five million. That is compared to just under 90 days to rise from three million to four million.
全球新冠死亡人数从400万增加到500万用了110多天的时间。相比之下，从300万增加到400万只用了不到90天的时间。
Members of Global Justice Now protest with coffins to highlight the global number of deaths from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), at Parliament Square, in London, Britain October 12, 2021. REUTERS/Hannah McKay
While vaccines have helped reduce the fatality rate, the WHO warned last week that the pandemic was "far from over".
尽管疫苗有助于降低死亡率，但是世卫组织上周警告称，疫情还“远远没有结束”。
Its director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus pointed to a rise in cases in Europe, where countries with low vaccination rates are seeing soaring infections and deaths.
世卫组织总干事谭德塞指出，欧洲的新冠病例数量还在增长，其中疫苗接种率低的国家感染和死亡人数大增。
Last week, Russia recorded its highest number of daily cases and deaths since the start of the pandemic. Russia accounts for 10% of the last million deaths recorded globally.
上周，俄罗斯报告了疫情暴发以来最高的单日新增病例数量和死亡人数。在全球新增的100万新冠死亡人数中，俄罗斯占据了10%。
Bulgaria and Romania have some of the world's worst Covid mortality rates, and their hospitals are struggling to cope. They have the two lowest vaccine rates in the European Union.
保加利亚和罗马尼亚的新冠死亡率是全世界最高的，两国的医院都已经不堪重负。这两个国家的疫苗接种率也是欧盟最低的。
More than seven billion vaccine doses have been administered worldwide, but there is a gap between rich and poor nations.
目前全球已接种逾70亿剂疫苗，但是富裕国家和贫困国家的疫苗接种率差距很大。
Only 3.6% of people in low income countries have been vaccinated, according to Oxford University's Our World in Data.
牛津大学以数据看世界网站称，低收入国家仅有3.6%的人口接种了疫苗。
Dr Tedros said that if the vaccine doses had been distributed fairly, "we would have reached our 40% target in every country by now".
谭德塞博士表示，如果疫苗被公平分配，“我们现在应该已经达到了各国疫苗接种率40%的目标。”
"The pandemic persists in large part because inequitable access to tools persists," he said.
他说：“疫情还在持续，很大程度上是因为疫苗分配不均。”
Vaccines have allowed many countries to gradually open up, with most of the world now easing restrictions.
疫苗允许多个国家逐步开放国门，现在世界大部分国家已经开始放松限制措施。
On Monday, Australia reopened its borders for the first time in 19 months.
本周一（11月1日），澳大利亚19个月以来首次重开边境。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Members of Global Justice Now protest carrying coffins through Westminster to highlight the global number of deaths from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in London, Britain October 12, 2021. REUTERS/Hannah McKay
More than five million people are known to have died of Covid-19 worldwide, 19 months since the pandemic began, according to Johns Hopkins University.
Vaccines have slowed the death rate, but some health experts say the true toll could be far higher.
The milestone comes amid warnings from health officials that cases and deaths in some places are rising for the first time in months.
Nearly 250 million cases of the virus have been recorded worldwide.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the pandemic's real global death toll could be two to three times higher than official records.
How much testing individual countries carry out will have a bearing on their death figures. Very few deaths have occurred in Africa, for example, compared to other continents and this is likely to be one factor.
In the US, more than 745,800 people have died, making it the country with the highest number of recorded deaths.
It is followed by Brazil, with 607,824 recorded deaths, and India, with 458,437. But health experts believe these numbers are under reported, partly because of deaths at home and those in rural communities.
It has taken the world longer to reach the latest one million deaths than the previous two.
It took over 110 days to go from four million deaths to five million. That is compared to just under 90 days to rise from three million to four million.
Members of Global Justice Now protest with coffins to highlight the global number of deaths from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), at Parliament Square, in London, Britain October 12, 2021. REUTERS/Hannah McKay
While vaccines have helped reduce the fatality rate, the WHO warned last week that the pandemic was "far from over".
Its director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus pointed to a rise in cases in Europe, where countries with low vaccination rates are seeing soaring infections and deaths.
Last week, Russia recorded its highest number of daily cases and deaths since the start of the pandemic. Russia accounts for 10% of the last million deaths recorded globally.
Bulgaria and Romania have some of the world's worst Covid mortality rates, and their hospitals are struggling to cope. They have the two lowest vaccine rates in the European Union.
More than seven billion vaccine doses have been administered worldwide, but there is a gap between rich and poor nations.
Only 3.6% of people in low income countries have been vaccinated, according to Oxford University's Our World in Data.
Dr Tedros said that if the vaccine doses had been distributed fairly, "we would have reached our 40% target in every country by now".
"The pandemic persists in large part because inequitable access to tools persists," he said.
Vaccines have allowed many countries to gradually open up, with most of the world now easing restrictions.
On Monday, Australia reopened its borders for the first time in 19 months. | 尽管疫苗的出现降低了新冠死亡率，全球新冠死亡人数从400万增加到500万相比从300万增加到400万用时更长，但是全球的疫情形势仍然不容乐观。
欧洲的新冠病例还在不断增加，俄罗斯的单日新增病例和死亡人数创下了疫情暴发以来的新高，还有许多贫困国家的疫苗接种率极低。世卫组织警告称，疫情离结束还早得很。
约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的数据显示，疫情暴发19个月以来，世界范围内已有超500万人死于新冠肺炎。
虽然疫苗延缓了死亡率的增长，但是一些卫生专家表示，真实死亡人数可能比这个数字高得多。
就在新冠死亡人数破500万之际，卫生官员警告称，一些地区的新增病例和死亡人数数月以来首次出现增长。
世界范围内记录的新冠确诊病例已达到了近2.5亿例。
据世界卫生组织估计，真实的全球新冠死亡人数可能比官方记录数据高两到三倍。
一个国家开展新冠病毒检测的频率将会影响该国的新冠死亡数据。举例而言，相比其他大陆，非洲的新冠死亡人数很低，检测频率可能是其中一个因素。
美国已有超74万5800人死于新冠肺炎，这使美国成为报告新冠死亡人数最高的国家。
仅次于美国的是巴西和印度，新冠死亡人数分别达到60万7824人和45万8437人。但是卫生专家认为真实死亡人数不止这些，部分原因是有些患者在家中或农村社区去世，死亡数据没有上报。
这次全球新冠死亡人数新增100万比前两次用时更长。
全球新冠死亡人数从400万增加到500万用了110多天的时间。相比之下，从300万增加到400万只用了不到90天的时间。
尽管疫苗有助于降低死亡率，但是世卫组织上周警告称，疫情还“远远没有结束”。
世卫组织总干事谭德塞指出，欧洲的新冠病例数量还在增长，其中疫苗接种率低的国家感染和死亡人数大增。
上周，俄罗斯报告了疫情暴发以来最高的单日新增病例数量和死亡人数。在全球新增的100万新冠死亡人数中，俄罗斯占据了10%。
保加利亚和罗马尼亚的新冠死亡率是全世界最高的，两国的医院都已经不堪重负。这两个国家的疫苗接种率也是欧盟最低的。
目前全球已接种逾70亿剂疫苗，但是富裕国家和贫困国家的疫苗接种率差距很大。
牛津大学以数据看世界网站称，低收入国家仅有3.6%的人口接种了疫苗。
谭德塞博士表示，如果疫苗被公平分配，“我们现在应该已经达到了各国疫苗接种率40%的目标。”
他说：“疫情还在持续，很大程度上是因为疫苗分配不均。”
疫苗允许多个国家逐步开放国门，现在世界大部分国家已经开始放松限制措施。
本周一（11月1日），澳大利亚19个月以来首次重开边境。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
由于新冠病毒的全球威胁仍在持续，各国都在加紧疫苗接种，力图阻止病毒传播。2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现，而“vax”（疫苗，接种疫苗）也被《牛津英语词典》评选为2021年度词汇。
[Photo/Agencies]
Vax has been chosen as the word of the year by lexicographers at the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
Vax被《牛津英语词典》评为年度词汇。
Words related to vaccines have spiked in frequency in 2021 due to Covid, with double-vaxxed, unvaxxed and anti-vaxxer all seeing a surge in use.
由于新冠肺炎疫情，2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现，“接种过两剂疫苗的”、“未接种疫苗的”和“反对疫苗人士”这些词汇的使用频率骤增。
OED senior editor Fiona McPherson says vax was an obvious choice as it has made "the most striking impact".
《牛津英语词典》高级编辑菲奥娜·麦克弗森称，“VAX”是最合适的选择，因为这个词的“影响是最大的”。
"It goes back at least to the 1980s, but according to our corpus it was rarely used until this year," she said.
她说：“Vax至少可以追溯到20世纪80年代，但根据我们的语料库，直到今年人们才开始大量使用它。”
"When you add to that its versatility in forming other words, it became clear that vax was the standout in the crowd."
“再加上vax还能组成很多词汇，显然它就在众多词汇中脱颖而出了。”
Vax and vaxx are both accepted spellings but the form with one x is more common.
Vax和vaxx这两种拼写都可以使用，但vax更常见。
Oxford English Dictionary definitions for vax:
《牛津英语词典》对vax的定义：
Vax
n. A vaccine or vaccination
（名词）疫苗
v. Treat (someone) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease; vaccinate
（动词）用疫苗治疗（某人）以产生对疾病的免疫力；接种疫苗
Vaxxie
n. A photograph of oneself taking during or immediately before or after a vaccination, especially one against Covid-19, and typically shared on social media; a vaccination selfie
（名词）在接种疫苗期间或接种疫苗前后的自拍照片，尤其是接种新冠苗时，通常在社交媒体上分享的照片；接种疫苗自拍
Anti-vax
adj. Opposed to vaccination
（形容词）反对接种疫苗的
Anti-vaxxer
n. A person who is opposed to vaccination
（名词）反对接种疫苗的人
Double-vaxxed
adj. Having received two doses of a vaccine
（形容词）接种过两剂疫苗的
Use of the word pandemic has also increased by more than 57,000% this year.
今年，“pandemic（全球性流行病）”一词的使用也增加了57000%以上。
This year's Oxford-winning word, vax, was first recorded in English in 1799, while its derivatives vaccinate and vaccination both first appear in 1800.
今年的牛津词典年度词汇vax于1799年首次出现在英语中，其衍生词“vaccinate（v.接种疫苗接种）”和“vaccination（n.疫苗接种）”首次出现于1800年。
All of these words ultimately come from the Latin word vacca, which means cow. According to the OED, this is due to English physician and scientist Edward Jenner's pioneering work on vaccination against smallpox in the late 1790s and early 1800s.
这些单词都源于拉丁语单词vacca，意思是奶牛。根据《牛津英语词典》，这要归功于英国医生兼科学家爱德华·詹纳在18世纪90年代末和19世纪初在天花疫苗接种方面的开创性工作。
来源：英国广播公司
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Agencies]
Vax has been chosen as the word of the year by lexicographers at the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).
Words related to vaccines have spiked in frequency in 2021 due to Covid, with double-vaxxed, unvaxxed and anti-vaxxer all seeing a surge in use.
OED senior editor Fiona McPherson says vax was an obvious choice as it has made "the most striking impact".
"It goes back at least to the 1980s, but according to our corpus it was rarely used until this year," she said.
"When you add to that its versatility in forming other words, it became clear that vax was the standout in the crowd."
Vax and vaxx are both accepted spellings but the form with one x is more common.
Oxford English Dictionary definitions for vax:
Vax
n. A vaccine or vaccination
v. Treat (someone) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease; vaccinate
Vaxxie
n. A photograph of oneself taking during or immediately before or after a vaccination, especially one against Covid-19, and typically shared on social media; a vaccination selfie
Anti-vax
adj. Opposed to vaccination
Anti-vaxxer
n. A person who is opposed to vaccination
Double-vaxxed
adj. Having received two doses of a vaccine
Use of the word pandemic has also increased by more than 57,000% this year.
This year's Oxford-winning word, vax, was first recorded in English in 1799, while its derivatives vaccinate and vaccination both first appear in 1800.
All of these words ultimately come from the Latin word vacca, which means cow. According to the OED, this is due to English physician and scientist Edward Jenner's pioneering work on vaccination against smallpox in the late 1790s and early 1800s. | 由于新冠病毒的全球威胁仍在持续，各国都在加紧疫苗接种，力图阻止病毒传播。2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现，而“vax”（疫苗，接种疫苗）也被《牛津英语词典》评选为2021年度词汇。
Vax被《牛津英语词典》评为年度词汇。
由于新冠肺炎疫情，2021年与疫苗相关的词汇更加频繁出现，“接种过两剂疫苗的”、“未接种疫苗的”和“反对疫苗人士”这些词汇的使用频率骤增。
《牛津英语词典》高级编辑菲奥娜·麦克弗森称，“VAX”是最合适的选择，因为这个词的“影响是最大的”。
她说：“Vax至少可以追溯到20世纪80年代，但根据我们的语料库，直到今年人们才开始大量使用它。”
“再加上vax还能组成很多词汇，显然它就在众多词汇中脱颖而出了。”
Vax和vaxx这两种拼写都可以使用，但vax更常见。
《牛津英语词典》对vax的定义：
（名词）疫苗
（动词）用疫苗治疗（某人）以产生对疾病的免疫力；接种疫苗
（名词）在接种疫苗期间或接种疫苗前后的自拍照片，尤其是接种新冠苗时，通常在社交媒体上分享的照片；接种疫苗自拍
（形容词）反对接种疫苗的
（名词）反对接种疫苗的人
（形容词）接种过两剂疫苗的
今年，“pandemic（全球性流行病）”一词的使用也增加了57000%以上。
今年的牛津词典年度词汇vax于1799年首次出现在英语中，其衍生词“vaccinate（v.接种疫苗接种）”和“vaccination（n.疫苗接种）”首次出现于1800年。
这些单词都源于拉丁语单词vacca，意思是奶牛。根据《牛津英语词典》，这要归功于英国医生兼科学家爱德华·詹纳在18世纪90年代末和19世纪初在天花疫苗接种方面的开创性工作。
来源：英国广播公司
编辑：董静 |
疫情期间宅在家里最适合看电影，尤其是在佳片不断的11月。迪士尼第60部动画长片《魔法满屋》、Lady Gaga主演的基于真实谋杀案件的《古驰家族》、有望冲击奥斯卡大奖的《贝尔法斯特》、改编自村上春树小说的高赞电影《驾驶我的车》，还有最新戴安娜王妃传记电影《斯宾塞》。每一部都不容错过。
(Credit: Disney)
Encanto
《魔法满屋》
Encanto
, the 60th feature film from Walt Disney Animation Studios, is the colourful tale of a Colombian family in which everyone has superhuman powers – everyone, that is, except for one teenager, Mirabel (Stephanie Beatriz). Directed by Byron Howard and Jared Bush (
Zootopia
, renamed
Zootropolis
in some countries), along with Charise Castro Smith, the film is a celebration of Colombian culture, a tribute to the literary tradition of magical realism, and a musical with songs by Lin-Manuel Miranda. But at its heart,
Encanto
is one girl's coming-of-age story. "I was so excited about creating this character who is flawed, awkward, and feels like a real 14-year-old struggling to figure out their identity and their self-worth,” Smith told IndieWire’s Bill Desowitz. “And it really resonated with me, having been an awkward 14-year-old with glasses and curly hair at one point in my life."
华特迪士尼动画工作室第60部动画长片《魔法满屋》讲述的是一个哥伦比亚家庭的多彩故事。在这个家庭里，每个人都拥有超能力，除了十几岁的米拉贝尔（斯蒂芬妮·比翠丝配音）。拜伦·霍华德和杰拉德·布什（曾执导《疯狂动物城》）以及查里斯·卡斯特罗·史密斯共同导演的这部电影是对哥伦比亚文化的致敬，对魔幻现实主义文学传统的礼赞，同时也是一部音乐片，片中歌曲出自林-曼努尔·米兰达之手。但是影片的核心是一个女孩的成长故事。史密斯告诉IndieWire网站的比尔·德索维茨说：“在创作这个有缺陷的笨拙女孩的时候我感到很兴奋，感觉自己就像一个试图寻找自己的身份和价值的14岁孩子。这个角色令我产生很大的共鸣，我曾经也是一个戴着眼镜、头发卷曲、笨拙尴尬的14岁少年。”
Released internationally on 24 November
该片将于11月24日在全球上映。
(Credit: Fabio Lovino/ Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures)
House of Gucci
《古驰家族》
Ridley Scott's true-crime drama is adapted from a book by Sara Gay Forden. "I think this was a story where life is stranger than fiction," Forden told Rachel Tashjian in
GQ
. She’s not wrong. The story begins with Maurizio Gucci (Adam Driver) trying to wrestle control of the family business from his uncle Aldo (Al Pacino), with the help of his ambitious wife, Patrizia Reggiani (Lady Gaga). But a jet-setting saga of luxury fashion and dynastic feuding ends up with one Gucci hiring a hitman to murder another. Scott's previous two films,
All The Money In The World
and
The Last Duel
, have been concerned with the dark corrosive power of extreme wealth, and this one, co-starring Jeremy Irons and Jared Leto, promises to be just as pointed.
雷德利·斯科特这部基于真事犯罪事件的影片改编自莎拉·盖·弗登的一本书。弗登告诉《GQ》杂志的瑞秋·塔什吉安说：“我认为在这个故事里，真实的情节比虚构的情节还要离奇。”她说的没错。在故事的开头，莫里吉奥·古驰（亚当·德赖弗饰演）试图在野心勃勃的妻子帕翠莎·雷加尼（嘎嘎小姐饰演）的帮助下，从伯父奥尔多（阿尔·帕西诺饰演）手里抢夺家族生意的控制权。但是这场高端时尚的奢华传奇和家族内部的争权夺利最后却以其中一位古驰（帕翠莎）雇人杀死另一位古驰（莫里吉奥）告终。斯科特之前导演的两部电影《金钱世界》和《最后的决斗》都与巨额财富的黑暗腐蚀力量有关，而杰瑞米·艾恩斯和杰瑞德·莱托参演的这部电影将会把这一主题刻画得同样入骨。
Released on 24 November in the US, Canada and France and on 26 November in the UK and Ireland
该片将于11月24日在美国、加拿大和法国上映，11月26日在英国和爱尔兰上映。
(Credit: Rob Youngson/ Focus Features)
Belfast
《贝尔法斯特》
Having launched his directorial career with a run of Shakespeare adaptations, Kenneth Branagh has devoted the past decade to such splashy, big-budget studio fare as
Thor
,
Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit
,
Cinderella
, and
Artemis Fowl
. Now, though, he has made his most personal film, a small-scale black-and-white drama which sees the Northern Irish capital through the eyes of a working-class boy (Jude Hill) in the late-1960s: Branagh himself was born in the city and lived there until he moved to England at the age of nine. "The result is engaging, tender film-making which tugs at the heart-strings, spurred by a sympathetic cast," writes Fionnuala Halligan at
Screen Daily
. That cast features Jamie Dornan and Caitriona Balfe as the boy's parents, and Judi Dench and Ciarán Hinds as his grandparents. Winner of the People's Choice award at the Toronto International Film Festival,
Belfast
is already being tipped as a best picture contender at the Oscars.
肯尼思·布拉纳用一连串莎士比亚作品改编电影开启了自己的导演生涯，过去十年他又投入重金拍摄了《雷神》、《一触即发》、《灰姑娘》和《阿特米斯的奇幻历险》等大片。但是现在这部《贝尔法斯特》却是他最个人化的作品。这部小成本黑白片通过一个工人阶级男孩（裘德·希尔饰演）的视角来看上世纪60年代末期的北爱尔兰首都。布拉纳自己就是在贝尔法斯特出生的，直到9岁搬到英格兰之前他一直生活在那里。菲奥诺拉·哈里根在《银幕日报》上评论道：“结果他拍出了一部非常有吸引力又动人心弦的影片。演员阵容也非常有感染力。” 詹米·多南和凯特瑞娜·巴尔夫饰演男孩的父母，朱迪·丹奇和塞伦·希德饰演男孩的祖父母。这部电影在多伦多国际电影节上获得了人民选择奖，并被认为是下一届奥斯卡奖最佳影片的有力角逐者。
Released on 11 November in Italy, 12 November in the US and Canada and 25 November in Portugal
该片将于11月11日在意大利上映，11月12日在美国和加拿大上映，11月25日在葡萄牙上映。
(Credit: Janus Films)
Drive My Car
《驾驶我的车》
With a three-hour running time,
Drive My Car
may be one of the year's longest films, but it's also one of the most acclaimed: Ryusuke Hamaguchi's meditative drama has a 100% score on Rotten Tomatoes, and it won the best screenplay award when it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. Adapted from a 40-page Haruki Murakami short story,
Drive My Car
revolves around an actor-turned director, Yusuke Kafuku (Hidetoshi Nishijima), who is happily married to a screenwriter, despite her numerous infidelities. Two years after his wife's sudden death, Yusuke accepts a job at a theatre festival in Hiroshima. As he is chauffeured to and from his rented house by a quiet young woman (Toko Miura), he slowly comes to terms with betrayal and bereavement.
片长达三个小时的《驾驶我的车》也许是今年最长的电影之一，但也是最受赞赏的影片之一。滨口龙介执导的这部电影包含大段沉思情节，在烂番茄上评分高达100%，在戛纳电影节上首映时还赢得了最佳编剧奖。《驾驶我的车》改编自村上春树的40页短篇小说，讲述的是由演员改行做导演的加福佑介（西岛秀俊饰演）和他的妻子有过一段幸福的婚姻。他的妻子是一名编剧，曾多次出轨。在妻子骤然离世两年后，加福接受了广岛戏剧节的一份工作。他雇佣了一名安静的年轻女子（三浦透子饰演）来替他开车，往返于工作地点和租住的寓所之间。就在车后座上，他逐渐与妻子的背叛和痛失爱人的事实达成了和解。
Released on 18 November in Russia, 19 November in the UK, and 24 November in the US
该片将于11月18日在俄罗斯上映，11月19日在英国上映，11月24日在美国上映。
(Credit: Neon)
Spencer
《斯宾塞》
There's a whole cottage industry – or maybe palace industry – dedicated to putting Princess Diana's tragic life-story on screen, with notable products including
The Crown
television series, a biopic starring Naomi Watts, and the already notorious
Diana: The Musical
. But
Spencer
is still unique. Directed by the Chilean auteur Pablo Larraín, and written by Steven Knight, this hallucinatory drama imagines a long weekend in Sandringham over Christmas 1991, as Diana (Kristen Stewart) realises that she can't remain a part of the Royal Family. "A female-centric study of power and corruption," said Charlotte O'Sullivan in
The Evening Standard
, "Spencer proves every bit as rousing, and wrenching, as Yorgos Lanthimos'
The Favourite
... I sobbed the whole way home."
各种作坊或者说是宫廷作坊都致力于将戴安娜王妃的悲剧人生搬上荧幕，其中比较著名的作品包括电视剧《王冠》、一部娜奥米·沃茨主演的传记片，还有已经臭名远扬的音乐剧《戴安娜王妃》。但是《斯宾塞》仍然是独一无二的。这部幻觉般的电影由智利导演帕布罗·拉雷恩执导，斯蒂文·奈特编剧，讲述了1991年圣诞节期间戴安娜王妃在桑德林汉姆府度过的一个长长的周末，就在那时，戴安娜（克里斯汀·斯图尔特饰演）意识到自己不能继续做王室家庭的一员。夏洛特·奥沙利文在《伦敦标准晚报》上评论道：“这是通过以女性为中心，对于权力和腐败的审视。《斯宾塞》和欧格斯·兰斯莫斯导演的《宠儿》一样的激动人心又让人心碎……我看完电影回家时哭了一路。”
Released on 5 November in the UK, Ireland, Canada and the US
该片将于11月5日在英国、爱尔兰、加拿大和美国上映。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | (Credit: Disney)
Encanto
Encanto
, the 60th feature film from Walt Disney Animation Studios, is the colourful tale of a Colombian family in which everyone has superhuman powers – everyone, that is, except for one teenager, Mirabel (Stephanie Beatriz). Directed by Byron Howard and Jared Bush (
Zootopia
, renamed
Zootropolis
in some countries), along with Charise Castro Smith, the film is a celebration of Colombian culture, a tribute to the literary tradition of magical realism, and a musical with songs by Lin-Manuel Miranda. But at its heart,
Encanto
is one girl's coming-of-age story. "I was so excited about creating this character who is flawed, awkward, and feels like a real 14-year-old struggling to figure out their identity and their self-worth,” Smith told IndieWire’s Bill Desowitz. “And it really resonated with me, having been an awkward 14-year-old with glasses and curly hair at one point in my life."
Released internationally on 24 November
(Credit: Fabio Lovino/ Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures)
House of Gucci
Ridley Scott's true-crime drama is adapted from a book by Sara Gay Forden. "I think this was a story where life is stranger than fiction," Forden told Rachel Tashjian in
GQ
. She’s not wrong. The story begins with Maurizio Gucci (Adam Driver) trying to wrestle control of the family business from his uncle Aldo (Al Pacino), with the help of his ambitious wife, Patrizia Reggiani (Lady Gaga). But a jet-setting saga of luxury fashion and dynastic feuding ends up with one Gucci hiring a hitman to murder another. Scott's previous two films,
All The Money In The World
and
The Last Duel
, have been concerned with the dark corrosive power of extreme wealth, and this one, co-starring Jeremy Irons and Jared Leto, promises to be just as pointed.
Released on 24 November in the US, Canada and France and on 26 November in the UK and Ireland
(Credit: Rob Youngson/ Focus Features)
Belfast
Having launched his directorial career with a run of Shakespeare adaptations, Kenneth Branagh has devoted the past decade to such splashy, big-budget studio fare as
Thor
,
Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit
,
Cinderella
, and
Artemis Fowl
. Now, though, he has made his most personal film, a small-scale black-and-white drama which sees the Northern Irish capital through the eyes of a working-class boy (Jude Hill) in the late-1960s: Branagh himself was born in the city and lived there until he moved to England at the age of nine. "The result is engaging, tender film-making which tugs at the heart-strings, spurred by a sympathetic cast," writes Fionnuala Halligan at
Screen Daily
Belfast
is already being tipped as a best picture contender at the Oscars.
Released on 11 November in Italy, 12 November in the US and Canada and 25 November in Portugal
(Credit: Janus Films)
Drive My Car
With a three-hour running time,
Drive My Car
may be one of the year's longest films, but it's also one of the most acclaimed: Ryusuke Hamaguchi's meditative drama has a 100% score on Rotten Tomatoes, and it won the best screenplay award when it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. Adapted from a 40-page Haruki Murakami short story,
Drive My Car
revolves around an actor-turned director, Yusuke Kafuku (Hidetoshi Nishijima), who is happily married to a screenwriter, despite her numerous infidelities. Two years after his wife's sudden death, Yusuke accepts a job at a theatre festival in Hiroshima. As he is chauffeured to and from his rented house by a quiet young woman (Toko Miura), he slowly comes to terms with betrayal and bereavement.
Released on 18 November in Russia, 19 November in the UK, and 24 November in the US
(Credit: Neon)
Spencer
There's a whole cottage industry – or maybe palace industry – dedicated to putting Princess Diana's tragic life-story on screen, with notable products including
The Crown
television series, a biopic starring Naomi Watts, and the already notorious
Diana: The Musical
. But
Spencer
The Evening Standard
, "Spencer proves every bit as rousing, and wrenching, as Yorgos Lanthimos'
The Favourite
... I sobbed the whole way home."
Released on 5 November in the UK, Ireland, Canada and the US | 疫情期间宅在家里最适合看电影，尤其是在佳片不断的11月。迪士尼第60部动画长片《魔法满屋》、Lady Gaga主演的基于真实谋杀案件的《古驰家族》、有望冲击奥斯卡大奖的《贝尔法斯特》、改编自村上春树小说的高赞电影《驾驶我的车》，还有最新戴安娜王妃传记电影《斯宾塞》。每一部都不容错过。
《魔法满屋》
华特迪士尼动画工作室第60部动画长片《魔法满屋》讲述的是一个哥伦比亚家庭的多彩故事。在这个家庭里，每个人都拥有超能力，除了十几岁的米拉贝尔（斯蒂芬妮·比翠丝配音）。拜伦·霍华德和杰拉德·布什（曾执导《疯狂动物城》）以及查里斯·卡斯特罗·史密斯共同导演的这部电影是对哥伦比亚文化的致敬，对魔幻现实主义文学传统的礼赞，同时也是一部音乐片，片中歌曲出自林-曼努尔·米兰达之手。但是影片的核心是一个女孩的成长故事。史密斯告诉IndieWire网站的比尔·德索维茨说：“在创作这个有缺陷的笨拙女孩的时候我感到很兴奋，感觉自己就像一个试图寻找自己的身份和价值的14岁孩子。这个角色令我产生很大的共鸣，我曾经也是一个戴着眼镜、头发卷曲、笨拙尴尬的14岁少年。”
该片将于11月24日在全球上映。
《古驰家族》
雷德利·斯科特这部基于真事犯罪事件的影片改编自莎拉·盖·弗登的一本书。弗登告诉《GQ》杂志的瑞秋·塔什吉安说：“我认为在这个故事里，真实的情节比虚构的情节还要离奇。”她说的没错。在故事的开头，莫里吉奥·古驰（亚当·德赖弗饰演）试图在野心勃勃的妻子帕翠莎·雷加尼（嘎嘎小姐饰演）的帮助下，从伯父奥尔多（阿尔·帕西诺饰演）手里抢夺家族生意的控制权。但是这场高端时尚的奢华传奇和家族内部的争权夺利最后却以其中一位古驰（帕翠莎）雇人杀死另一位古驰（莫里吉奥）告终。斯科特之前导演的两部电影《金钱世界》和《最后的决斗》都与巨额财富的黑暗腐蚀力量有关，而杰瑞米·艾恩斯和杰瑞德·莱托参演的这部电影将会把这一主题刻画得同样入骨。
该片将于11月24日在美国、加拿大和法国上映，11月26日在英国和爱尔兰上映。
《贝尔法斯特》
. That cast features Jamie Dornan and Caitriona Balfe as the boy's parents, and Judi Dench and Ciarán Hinds as his grandparents. Winner of the People's Choice award at the Toronto International Film Festival,
肯尼思·布拉纳用一连串莎士比亚作品改编电影开启了自己的导演生涯，过去十年他又投入重金拍摄了《雷神》、《一触即发》、《灰姑娘》和《阿特米斯的奇幻历险》等大片。但是现在这部《贝尔法斯特》却是他最个人化的作品。这部小成本黑白片通过一个工人阶级男孩（裘德·希尔饰演）的视角来看上世纪60年代末期的北爱尔兰首都。布拉纳自己就是在贝尔法斯特出生的，直到9岁搬到英格兰之前他一直生活在那里。菲奥诺拉·哈里根在《银幕日报》上评论道：“结果他拍出了一部非常有吸引力又动人心弦的影片。演员阵容也非常有感染力。” 詹米·多南和凯特瑞娜·巴尔夫饰演男孩的父母，朱迪·丹奇和塞伦·希德饰演男孩的祖父母。这部电影在多伦多国际电影节上获得了人民选择奖，并被认为是下一届奥斯卡奖最佳影片的有力角逐者。
该片将于11月11日在意大利上映，11月12日在美国和加拿大上映，11月25日在葡萄牙上映。
《驾驶我的车》
片长达三个小时的《驾驶我的车》也许是今年最长的电影之一，但也是最受赞赏的影片之一。滨口龙介执导的这部电影包含大段沉思情节，在烂番茄上评分高达100%，在戛纳电影节上首映时还赢得了最佳编剧奖。《驾驶我的车》改编自村上春树的40页短篇小说，讲述的是由演员改行做导演的加福佑介（西岛秀俊饰演）和他的妻子有过一段幸福的婚姻。他的妻子是一名编剧，曾多次出轨。在妻子骤然离世两年后，加福接受了广岛戏剧节的一份工作。他雇佣了一名安静的年轻女子（三浦透子饰演）来替他开车，往返于工作地点和租住的寓所之间。就在车后座上，他逐渐与妻子的背叛和痛失爱人的事实达成了和解。
该片将于11月18日在俄罗斯上映，11月19日在英国上映，11月24日在美国上映。
《斯宾塞》
is still unique. Directed by the Chilean auteur Pablo Larraín, and written by Steven Knight, this hallucinatory drama imagines a long weekend in Sandringham over Christmas 1991, as Diana (Kristen Stewart) realises that she can't remain a part of the Royal Family. "A female-centric study of power and corruption," said Charlotte O'Sullivan in
各种作坊或者说是宫廷作坊都致力于将戴安娜王妃的悲剧人生搬上荧幕，其中比较著名的作品包括电视剧《王冠》、一部娜奥米·沃茨主演的传记片，还有已经臭名远扬的音乐剧《戴安娜王妃》。但是《斯宾塞》仍然是独一无二的。这部幻觉般的电影由智利导演帕布罗·拉雷恩执导，斯蒂文·奈特编剧，讲述了1991年圣诞节期间戴安娜王妃在桑德林汉姆府度过的一个长长的周末，就在那时，戴安娜（克里斯汀·斯图尔特饰演）意识到自己不能继续做王室家庭的一员。夏洛特·奥沙利文在《伦敦标准晚报》上评论道：“这是通过以女性为中心，对于权力和腐败的审视。《斯宾塞》和欧格斯·兰斯莫斯导演的《宠儿》一样的激动人心又让人心碎……我看完电影回家时哭了一路。”
该片将于11月5日在英国、爱尔兰、加拿大和美国上映。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
11月1日是西方的传统节日万圣节，在这一天总少不了南瓜、幽灵、女巫和黑猫这些元素。在西方文化中，黑猫通常与厄运、邪恶联系在一起，关于黑猫的迷信说法有许多，比如：
It is bad luck for a black cat to cross your path
黑猫在面前穿过是不吉利的
Never turn your back on a black cat or you will be cursed
永远不要背对黑猫，否则会被诅咒
A black cat on the bed of an ill person will bring death
黑猫出现在病人床前意味着死亡
诸如此类的迷信广为流传，让许多人对黑猫唯恐避之不及。为什么黑猫就成了厄运和灾祸的象征呢？
Photo: Pexels
It comes down to the historical superstitions of Puritan Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony. This particular group of people lived by a strict Protestant lifestyle, shunning anything that went against their religious beliefs. Since witchcraft was viewed as a practice that worshiped the devil, the Puritans became extremely wary of everything that could possibly be linked to a witch.
这可以归咎于普利茅斯殖民地清教徒的古老迷信。这一群人严格遵守新教生活方式，避讳任何违背他们宗教信仰的事情。由于巫术被视为一种崇拜魔鬼的习俗，清教徒对任何可能与女巫有关的事情都变得极其谨慎。
Note:
Shun 避开；回避；避免
Black cats were high up on that list. Legend had it that witches could transform into a black cat and back, emphasizing superstitions of these furry creatures. Some people even believed that witches could re-incarnate into black cats after death. Additionally, there was the Middle Age legend that the devil often gifted black cats to witches to act as their servants.
而黑猫就是他们的头号禁忌。传说，女巫可以变成黑猫，这加深了人们对黑猫的迷信。有些人甚至相信女巫死后会化身为黑猫。此外，中世纪时期的传说认为，魔鬼通常会把黑猫送给女巫充当其仆人。
The naturally standoffish, stealthy attitude of cats probably didn’t help these felines, either. Paired with their dark fur coats and glowing eyes, black cats were feared as much as the human witches themselves. And as literature about witchcraft became more widespread, a period of “witchcraft hysteria” reigned between 1560 and 1660 in Europe and the New England colonies.
黑猫冷漠、神秘的天性可能也不利于它们的形象。黑猫有着黑色的毛皮和发光的眼睛，这让它们和女巫一样令人恐惧。随着关于巫术的文学作品传播越来越广泛，1560年至1660年间，欧洲和新英格兰殖民地出现了一段“巫术恐慌”时期。
Photo: Pexels
These days, many black cat superstitions still exist. They are often linked to bad luck and are feared by some. Just take a look at television shows, movies, and books; it's not uncommon to see a black cat portrayed in a spooky and tense environment.
如今，许多关于黑猫的迷信仍然存在。它们经常与厄运联系在一起，让很多人感到恐惧。
在电视节目、电影和书籍中，黑猫经常出现在恐怖和紧张的环境里。
So how does this all relate to Halloween? The basis of this modern holiday revolves around all things dark and spiritual. Many of the celebrations that take place during this time of the year focus on honoring the dead. Ancient traditions usually have some kind of link to either the practice of witchcraft or the opposing beliefs against them.
那么这一切与万圣节有什么关系呢？这个现代节日的起源与一切邪恶灵异的事物有关。每年万圣节举行的众多庆祝活动都是为了纪念逝者。古代的节日传统通常与施展巫术或反对巫术的信仰有关。
As a result, witches – and their black cats – have become a commercialized symbol of Halloween.
因此，女巫以及她们的黑猫，已经成为万圣节的商业化象征。
来源：Bustle
编辑：董静 | It is bad luck for a black cat to cross your path
Never turn your back on a black cat or you will be cursed
A black cat on the bed of an ill person will bring death
Photo: Pexels
It comes down to the historical superstitions of Puritan Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony. This particular group of people lived by a strict Protestant lifestyle, shunning anything that went against their religious beliefs. Since witchcraft was viewed as a practice that worshiped the devil, the Puritans became extremely wary of everything that could possibly be linked to a witch.
Note:
Black cats were high up on that list. Legend had it that witches could transform into a black cat and back, emphasizing superstitions of these furry creatures. Some people even believed that witches could re-incarnate into black cats after death. Additionally, there was the Middle Age legend that the devil often gifted black cats to witches to act as their servants.
The naturally standoffish, stealthy attitude of cats probably didn’t help these felines, either. Paired with their dark fur coats and glowing eyes, black cats were feared as much as the human witches themselves. And as literature about witchcraft became more widespread, a period of “witchcraft hysteria” reigned between 1560 and 1660 in Europe and the New England colonies.
Photo: Pexels
These days, many black cat superstitions still exist. They are often linked to bad luck and are feared by some. Just take a look at television shows, movies, and books; it's not uncommon to see a black cat portrayed in a spooky and tense environment.
So how does this all relate to Halloween? The basis of this modern holiday revolves around all things dark and spiritual. Many of the celebrations that take place during this time of the year focus on honoring the dead. Ancient traditions usually have some kind of link to either the practice of witchcraft or the opposing beliefs against them.
As a result, witches – and their black cats – have become a commercialized symbol of Halloween. | 11月1日是西方的传统节日万圣节，在这一天总少不了南瓜、幽灵、女巫和黑猫这些元素。在西方文化中，黑猫通常与厄运、邪恶联系在一起，关于黑猫的迷信说法有许多，比如：
黑猫在面前穿过是不吉利的
永远不要背对黑猫，否则会被诅咒
黑猫出现在病人床前意味着死亡
诸如此类的迷信广为流传，让许多人对黑猫唯恐避之不及。为什么黑猫就成了厄运和灾祸的象征呢？
这可以归咎于普利茅斯殖民地清教徒的古老迷信。这一群人严格遵守新教生活方式，避讳任何违背他们宗教信仰的事情。由于巫术被视为一种崇拜魔鬼的习俗，清教徒对任何可能与女巫有关的事情都变得极其谨慎。
Shun 避开；回避；避免
而黑猫就是他们的头号禁忌。传说，女巫可以变成黑猫，这加深了人们对黑猫的迷信。有些人甚至相信女巫死后会化身为黑猫。此外，中世纪时期的传说认为，魔鬼通常会把黑猫送给女巫充当其仆人。
黑猫冷漠、神秘的天性可能也不利于它们的形象。黑猫有着黑色的毛皮和发光的眼睛，这让它们和女巫一样令人恐惧。随着关于巫术的文学作品传播越来越广泛，1560年至1660年间，欧洲和新英格兰殖民地出现了一段“巫术恐慌”时期。
如今，许多关于黑猫的迷信仍然存在。它们经常与厄运联系在一起，让很多人感到恐惧。
在电视节目、电影和书籍中，黑猫经常出现在恐怖和紧张的环境里。
那么这一切与万圣节有什么关系呢？这个现代节日的起源与一切邪恶灵异的事物有关。每年万圣节举行的众多庆祝活动都是为了纪念逝者。古代的节日传统通常与施展巫术或反对巫术的信仰有关。
因此，女巫以及她们的黑猫，已经成为万圣节的商业化象征。
来源：Bustle
编辑：董静 |
为什么有些聪明人很安静？来看看Quora网友的高赞回答。
[Photo/Pexels]
获得135.1k好评的回答@Barnard Law Collier：
Smart people are quiet because they are smart, very smart, and supremely smart.
聪明人很安静因为他们聪明、很聪明、超级聪明。
1. Speaking teaches you little or nothing. It is far more enlightening in both the short and long term to listen and watch.
说话不能教会你什么。从短期和长期来看，听和看都更能受启发。
2. People hear you when you shout and listen when you whisper. Apprehend how people behave when you speak softly but clearly.
你喊的时候人们只是听见，小声说话人们才会倾听。你会知道轻声但清楚地说话时人们会是什么反应。
3. A quiet and gentle mind can usually find the time to deal with the most baffling problems and at least conjure some ideas.
安静从容的头脑通常能有时间处理最让人困扰的问题，至少能有一些想法。
4. When a quiet person raises her or his decibel level to what most might judge as ordinary, the sounds may seem enormously loud to listerners accustomed to leaning forward and perking their ears to hear the speaker.
一个安静的人把音量提高到在大部分人看来是正常水平时，对于那些习惯了身体前倾竖起耳朵听他说话的人来说这样的声音可能特别洪亮。
5. To be quiet does not mean that smart people cannot become raucous sometimes, and when they do, all of their acquaintances notice right away.
安静不代表聪明人不会在有些时候大声说话，他们大声说话时所有认识他们的人都会立刻注意到。
6. BTW, in American schools, students are required to speak up, and in many schools to speak up loudly. Quite the opposite in Chinese and other Asian schools.
顺便说一下，美国学校的学生都被要求大声说话，很多学校还要求特别大声说话，这和中国还有其他亚洲国家恰恰相反。
获得48.6k好评的回答@Rahul Adhikari：
“The smarter you get the less you speak.”
“人越聪明话越少。”
Once my friend, who is very enthusiast in reading, told me the smarter you get the less you speak. Anyone can argue, debate, condemn, criticize, complain but the true knowledge comes from within from inside. It takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving. Knowledge also brings peace, calmness and silence with itself.
曾经一个痴迷于阅读的朋友告诉我“人越聪明话越少”。任何人都能争论、辩论、谴责、批评、抱怨，但真正的知识来自于内在。做到理解和原谅需要有品格和自控力，知识自带平和、冷静和沉默。
Some people are introvert just because they know that most of the time debating doesn’t bring results; it brings confusion. They are not listening; they are more focused on winning the argument.
有些人内向，就是因为他们知道大多数时候争论不会有结果，只会一团糟。争论的人并没有在听，他们更关注的是赢得这场争论。
获得33.7k好评的回答@Say Keng Lee：
Why are some very smart people so quiet?
为什么有些聪明人很安静？
I can think of the following reasons:
我能想出以下原因：
Very smart people:
很聪明的人：
- choose to talk less, and listen more, in order to seek more information, which leads to opportunities;
选择少说多听以便能收集更多信息，这些信息才能带来机会；
- seek first to understand; then to be understood;
首先努力去理解，然后被理解；
- know how to exercise savoir-faire, so as to stay on top of the game;
知道如何锻炼随机应变的能力，以便能保住游戏中的优势地位；
- understand the realism of “Dumb people talk about people; Average people talk about events; Intelligent people talk about ideas.” (Steve Jobs);
明白这个现实“蠢人谈论人；庸人谈论事；智者谈论思想。”（乔布斯）；
- believe in 'Never argue with a fool, onlookers may not be able to tell the difference.';
坚信“永远不要和傻子争吵，旁观者看不出你和傻子的区别”；
- accept the reality of 'Never argue with an idiot. They will only bring you down to their level and beat you with experience.'
接受一个现实“永远不要和白痴争吵，他们只会降低你的档次，并用经验打败你。”
- live by the code of “Talk doesn’t cook rice; only Action creates Results;”
生活要以这个为准则：“光说不练假把式，只有行动才会有结果”；
- appreciate that life is defined by what you do and what you don’t do;
要懂得生命是被你所做的和没做的定义的。
（来源：沪江英语 编辑：丹妮） | [Photo/Pexels]
Smart people are quiet because they are smart, very smart, and supremely smart.
1. Speaking teaches you little or nothing. It is far more enlightening in both the short and long term to listen and watch.
2. People hear you when you shout and listen when you whisper. Apprehend how people behave when you speak softly but clearly.
3. A quiet and gentle mind can usually find the time to deal with the most baffling problems and at least conjure some ideas.
4. When a quiet person raises her or his decibel level to what most might judge as ordinary, the sounds may seem enormously loud to listerners accustomed to leaning forward and perking their ears to hear the speaker.
5. To be quiet does not mean that smart people cannot become raucous sometimes, and when they do, all of their acquaintances notice right away.
6. BTW, in American schools, students are required to speak up, and in many schools to speak up loudly. Quite the opposite in Chinese and other Asian schools.
“The smarter you get the less you speak.”
Once my friend, who is very enthusiast in reading, told me the smarter you get the less you speak. Anyone can argue, debate, condemn, criticize, complain but the true knowledge comes from within from inside. It takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving. Knowledge also brings peace, calmness and silence with itself.
Some people are introvert just because they know that most of the time debating doesn’t bring results; it brings confusion. They are not listening; they are more focused on winning the argument.
Why are some very smart people so quiet?
I can think of the following reasons:
Very smart people:
- choose to talk less, and listen more, in order to seek more information, which leads to opportunities;
- seek first to understand; then to be understood;
- know how to exercise savoir-faire, so as to stay on top of the game;
- understand the realism of “Dumb people talk about people; Average people talk about events; Intelligent people talk about ideas.” (Steve Jobs);
- believe in 'Never argue with a fool, onlookers may not be able to tell the difference.';
- accept the reality of 'Never argue with an idiot. They will only bring you down to their level and beat you with experience.'
- live by the code of “Talk doesn’t cook rice; only Action creates Results;”
- appreciate that life is defined by what you do and what you don’t do; | 为什么有些聪明人很安静？来看看Quora网友的高赞回答。
获得135.1k好评的回答@Barnard Law Collier：
聪明人很安静因为他们聪明、很聪明、超级聪明。
说话不能教会你什么。从短期和长期来看，听和看都更能受启发。
你喊的时候人们只是听见，小声说话人们才会倾听。你会知道轻声但清楚地说话时人们会是什么反应。
安静从容的头脑通常能有时间处理最让人困扰的问题，至少能有一些想法。
一个安静的人把音量提高到在大部分人看来是正常水平时，对于那些习惯了身体前倾竖起耳朵听他说话的人来说这样的声音可能特别洪亮。
安静不代表聪明人不会在有些时候大声说话，他们大声说话时所有认识他们的人都会立刻注意到。
顺便说一下，美国学校的学生都被要求大声说话，很多学校还要求特别大声说话，这和中国还有其他亚洲国家恰恰相反。
获得48.6k好评的回答@Rahul Adhikari：
“人越聪明话越少。”
曾经一个痴迷于阅读的朋友告诉我“人越聪明话越少”。任何人都能争论、辩论、谴责、批评、抱怨，但真正的知识来自于内在。做到理解和原谅需要有品格和自控力，知识自带平和、冷静和沉默。
有些人内向，就是因为他们知道大多数时候争论不会有结果，只会一团糟。争论的人并没有在听，他们更关注的是赢得这场争论。
获得33.7k好评的回答@Say Keng Lee：
为什么有些聪明人很安静？
我能想出以下原因：
很聪明的人：
选择少说多听以便能收集更多信息，这些信息才能带来机会；
首先努力去理解，然后被理解；
知道如何锻炼随机应变的能力，以便能保住游戏中的优势地位；
明白这个现实“蠢人谈论人；庸人谈论事；智者谈论思想。”（乔布斯）；
坚信“永远不要和傻子争吵，旁观者看不出你和傻子的区别”；
接受一个现实“永远不要和白痴争吵，他们只会降低你的档次，并用经验打败你。”
生活要以这个为准则：“光说不练假把式，只有行动才会有结果”；
要懂得生命是被你所做的和没做的定义的。
（来源：沪江英语 编辑：丹妮） |
每晚我们大约会做5个梦，地球上70亿人24小时内共同创造了350亿个梦。
这些梦有不少是噩梦，无论是梦到被追赶，还是梦到牙掉了，我们都会被吓得不轻甚至直接吓醒。
[Photo/Pexels]
弗洛伊德在《梦的解析》中说，梦是人们压抑愿望的伪装表现形式（disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes），那么这些常见的噩梦都表达了什么寓意呢？
All of these dreams mirror fundamental patterns of human behavior. Some believe these dream patterns reflect who we actually are, what we really need and what we believe.
所有这些梦都反映了人类行为的基本模式。有些人认为这些梦反映了我们是谁，我们真正需要什么以及我们相信什么。
[Photo/Pexels]
Teeth falling out
掉牙
Dreams about your teeth can reflect your anxieties about your appearance and how others perceive you. Such dreams may stem from a fear of rejection, embarrassment or feeling unattractive.
梦到牙齿通常反映出一个人的外貌焦虑，这种梦可能来源于害怕被拒绝，尴尬或者觉得自己不好看。
As teeth are used to bite, tear and chew, dreams about losing your teeth can stem from a sense of powerlessness which means you may be experiencing self-confidence issues.
由于牙齿是用来咬、撕扯和咀嚼东西的，失去牙齿的梦可能源于无能为力的感觉，这意味着你可能正经历自信的问题。
Being chased
被追赶
Being chased suggests you are running away from something that is causing you fear or anxiety in waking life.
梦到被追赶说明你正在逃离现实生活中让你感到害怕或者焦虑的东西。
The chaser can also represent an aspect of yourself. Your own feelings of anger, jealousy or fear can manifest itself as the threatening figure.
追逐者也可以代表自己的一个方面。你自己的愤怒、嫉妒或恐惧感外化成有威胁的人物。
[Photo/Pexels]
Unable to find a toilet
找不到厕所
Having trouble finding a toilet means you may be finding it difficult to express your needs in a certain situation. It can represent feelings of your personal needs not being met by always putting others first.
梦到找不到厕所意味着你觉得在某种情况下自己很难表达自己的需求。你可能总是把自己的优先级往后靠。
You may feel that you are lacking time for personal issues and need more privacy, self-care or self-expression.
你可能会觉得你缺乏时间处理个人问题，需要更多的隐私、自我关心或自我表达。
Naked in public
公共场合没穿衣服
Being naked in a dream symbolizes not being able to find yourself, uncertainty, or being wrongly accused.
梦到没穿衣服表现出一种不确定性，或者被误解。
If you are not the naked person in your dream, but you see a nude person and you are sickened by it, it means you are worried about exposing that person.
如果你不是梦中那个没穿衣服的人，但你看到一个裸体的人而且被恶心到了，这意味着你担心揭穿那个人。
[Photo/Pexels]
Unprepared for an exam
考试没准备
Exam dreams can be so real that we actually wake up convinced we just failed an important test.
考试噩梦通常非常真实，以至于我们醒了以后真的觉得自己挂科了。
At least 1 in every 5 people will experience an exam dream in their lives. Exam dreams are a reflection of your lack of confidence and inability to advance to the next stage in life.
每5个人中，至少有一个人一生中会梦到考试。考试梦反映了自信缺乏，无法进入人生的下一阶段。
Falling
坠落
If you fall anywhere and you are overcome by fear, it signifies insecurity and anxiety about a situation.
梦到坠落并且害怕说明正在为某事焦虑不已。
Enjoying the feeling of falling suggests that you are not afraid of changes.
但是如果在梦里享受坠落的过程，说明毫不惧怕改变。
Being late
迟到
Dreaming that you are late represents your worry and anxiety about taking a different direction in your life, or that you are trying to get things done but you feel that you are running out of time.
梦见自己迟到代表着你对人生发生改变时的担忧和焦虑，或者你正试图完成一些事情，但你觉得时间不多了。
Your unconscious might be telling you that it is never too late to do things you want in your life.
你无意识中可能在告诉自己做你想做的事永远不会太晚。
Bug infestation
虫子成群
Dreaming about a bug infestation can have two interpretations. One is symbolic of feelings of guilt, minor irritations, or worries that are sneaking up on you.
梦到虫子有两种解释，一种是愧疚感、愠怒或是心里的担忧。
On the other hand, dreams about bugs are also associated with health problems, which is why many people reported having increasingly common nightmares about bugs during the pandemic.
另一种涉及到健康问题，流行病时期人们就会更频繁地梦到虫子。
对梦境的解析也不一定完全科学可靠，但它的确反应了我们日常生活中的一些状态，经常做噩梦可能是潜意识在提醒你需要调整好自己的状态。
你最近做噩梦了吗？梦到什么了呢？
编辑：焦洁 商桢
实习生：向静雅
来源：Dreams Puffy | [Photo/Pexels]
All of these dreams mirror fundamental patterns of human behavior. Some believe these dream patterns reflect who we actually are, what we really need and what we believe.
[Photo/Pexels]
Teeth falling out
Dreams about your teeth can reflect your anxieties about your appearance and how others perceive you. Such dreams may stem from a fear of rejection, embarrassment or feeling unattractive.
As teeth are used to bite, tear and chew, dreams about losing your teeth can stem from a sense of powerlessness which means you may be experiencing self-confidence issues.
Being chased
Being chased suggests you are running away from something that is causing you fear or anxiety in waking life.
The chaser can also represent an aspect of yourself. Your own feelings of anger, jealousy or fear can manifest itself as the threatening figure.
[Photo/Pexels]
Unable to find a toilet
Having trouble finding a toilet means you may be finding it difficult to express your needs in a certain situation. It can represent feelings of your personal needs not being met by always putting others first.
You may feel that you are lacking time for personal issues and need more privacy, self-care or self-expression.
Naked in public
Being naked in a dream symbolizes not being able to find yourself, uncertainty, or being wrongly accused.
If you are not the naked person in your dream, but you see a nude person and you are sickened by it, it means you are worried about exposing that person.
[Photo/Pexels]
Unprepared for an exam
Exam dreams can be so real that we actually wake up convinced we just failed an important test.
At least 1 in every 5 people will experience an exam dream in their lives. Exam dreams are a reflection of your lack of confidence and inability to advance to the next stage in life.
Falling
If you fall anywhere and you are overcome by fear, it signifies insecurity and anxiety about a situation.
Enjoying the feeling of falling suggests that you are not afraid of changes.
Being late
Dreaming that you are late represents your worry and anxiety about taking a different direction in your life, or that you are trying to get things done but you feel that you are running out of time.
Your unconscious might be telling you that it is never too late to do things you want in your life.
Bug infestation
Dreaming about a bug infestation can have two interpretations. One is symbolic of feelings of guilt, minor irritations, or worries that are sneaking up on you.
On the other hand, dreams about bugs are also associated with health problems, which is why many people reported having increasingly common nightmares about bugs during the pandemic. | 每晚我们大约会做5个梦，地球上70亿人24小时内共同创造了350亿个梦。
这些梦有不少是噩梦，无论是梦到被追赶，还是梦到牙掉了，我们都会被吓得不轻甚至直接吓醒。
弗洛伊德在《梦的解析》中说，梦是人们压抑愿望的伪装表现形式（disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes），那么这些常见的噩梦都表达了什么寓意呢？
所有这些梦都反映了人类行为的基本模式。有些人认为这些梦反映了我们是谁，我们真正需要什么以及我们相信什么。
掉牙
梦到牙齿通常反映出一个人的外貌焦虑，这种梦可能来源于害怕被拒绝，尴尬或者觉得自己不好看。
由于牙齿是用来咬、撕扯和咀嚼东西的，失去牙齿的梦可能源于无能为力的感觉，这意味着你可能正经历自信的问题。
被追赶
梦到被追赶说明你正在逃离现实生活中让你感到害怕或者焦虑的东西。
追逐者也可以代表自己的一个方面。你自己的愤怒、嫉妒或恐惧感外化成有威胁的人物。
找不到厕所
梦到找不到厕所意味着你觉得在某种情况下自己很难表达自己的需求。你可能总是把自己的优先级往后靠。
你可能会觉得你缺乏时间处理个人问题，需要更多的隐私、自我关心或自我表达。
公共场合没穿衣服
梦到没穿衣服表现出一种不确定性，或者被误解。
如果你不是梦中那个没穿衣服的人，但你看到一个裸体的人而且被恶心到了，这意味着你担心揭穿那个人。
考试没准备
考试噩梦通常非常真实，以至于我们醒了以后真的觉得自己挂科了。
每5个人中，至少有一个人一生中会梦到考试。考试梦反映了自信缺乏，无法进入人生的下一阶段。
坠落
梦到坠落并且害怕说明正在为某事焦虑不已。
但是如果在梦里享受坠落的过程，说明毫不惧怕改变。
迟到
梦见自己迟到代表着你对人生发生改变时的担忧和焦虑，或者你正试图完成一些事情，但你觉得时间不多了。
你无意识中可能在告诉自己做你想做的事永远不会太晚。
虫子成群
梦到虫子有两种解释，一种是愧疚感、愠怒或是心里的担忧。
另一种涉及到健康问题，流行病时期人们就会更频繁地梦到虫子。
对梦境的解析也不一定完全科学可靠，但它的确反应了我们日常生活中的一些状态，经常做噩梦可能是潜意识在提醒你需要调整好自己的状态。
你最近做噩梦了吗？梦到什么了呢？
编辑：焦洁 商桢
实习生：向静雅
来源：Dreams Puffy |
Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格日前宣布，将把母公司更名为Meta（元），并希望人们将其视为“元宇宙公司”，暗示了Facebook对元宇宙的雄心。Facebook总部的标志牌也已经更换为代表Meta的蓝色无限符号。
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg speaks during a live-streamed virtual and augmented reality conference to announce the rebrand of Facebook as Meta, in this screen grab taken from a video released October 28, 2021. Credit: Facebook/Reuters
Facebook has changed its corporate name to Meta as part of a major rebrand.
Facebook正式宣布将公司名更改为Meta。
The company said it would better "encompass" what it does, as it broadens its reach beyond social media into areas like virtual reality (VR).
该公司称，这个新名字能更好地“包容”旗下业务，不光是社交媒体，还有虚拟现实等即将拓展的新领域。
The change does not apply to its individual platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp, only the parent company that owns them.
公司旗下的Facebook、Instagram和Whatsapp等单个平台将不会更名，只有母公司才使用Meta这个新名称。
The move follows a series of negative stories about Facebook, based on documents leaked by an ex-employee.
此前Facebook遭遇了由前员工泄露的文件引发的一连串负面新闻。
Frances Haugen has accused the company of putting "profits over safety".
（前员工）弗兰西斯·豪根指责Facebook“将利益凌驾于安全之上”。
In 2015, Google restructured its company calling its parent firm Alphabet, however, the name has not caught on.
2015年，谷歌重组了公司，并将母公司更名为Alphabet，不过这个名称没有广为流传。
Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg announced the new name as he unveiled plans to build a "metaverse" - an online world where people can game, work and communicate in a virtual environment, often using VR headsets.
Facebook老板马克·扎克伯格宣布新名称的同时还公布了打造“元宇宙”的计划。“元宇宙”是人们可以在虚拟环境中（通常通过佩戴虚拟现实头盔）玩游戏、工作和交流的一个网络世界。
He said the existing brand could not "possibly represent everything that we're doing today, let alone in the future", and needed to change.
扎克伯格表示，现有的品牌名称无法“代表我们现在所做的所有业务，更不用说将来的业务”，所以需要更改。
"Over time, I hope that we are seen as a metaverse company and I want to anchor our work and our identity on what we're building towards," he told a virtual conference.
扎克伯格在一次线上会议上说：“随着时间推移，我希望我们被视为一家元宇宙公司，并打算将我们的工作和身份定位于我们正在构建的目标。”
The company also unveiled a new sign at its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, on Thursday, replacing its thumbs-up "Like" logo with a blue infinity shape.
本周四（10月28日），该公司还在加州门洛帕克的总部公开了新标识，将竖起大拇指的“点赞”标识牌更换成了蓝色无限符号标识牌。
A sign of Meta, the new name for the company formerly known as Facebook, is seen at its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, US October 28, 2021. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
Mr Zuckerberg said the new name reflects that over time, users will not need to use Facebook to use the company's other services.
扎克伯格称，新名字意味着，未来用户无需使用Facebook也可以使用公司的其他服务。
The word "meta" comes from the Greek word meaning "beyond".
Meta一词来自希腊语，意思是“超越”。
To an outsider, a metaverse may look like a version of VR, but some people believe it could be the future of the internet.
对圈外人士而言，元宇宙也许像虚拟现实的一个版本，但是有些人认为这将是互联网的未来。
Instead of being on a computer, people in a metaverse might use a headset to enter a virtual world connecting all sorts of digital environments.
元宇宙中的人无需使用电脑，戴上头盔便可以进入虚拟世界和各种数字环境相连。
It is hoped the virtual world could be used for practically anything from work, play and concerts, to socialising with friends and family.
人们希望可以在虚拟世界中做几乎所有事情，包括工作、游戏、听音乐会以及和亲友社交。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg speaks during a live-streamed virtual and augmented reality conference to announce the rebrand of Facebook as Meta, in this screen grab taken from a video released October 28, 2021. Credit: Facebook/Reuters
Facebook has changed its corporate name to Meta as part of a major rebrand.
The company said it would better "encompass" what it does, as it broadens its reach beyond social media into areas like virtual reality (VR).
The change does not apply to its individual platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram and Whatsapp, only the parent company that owns them.
The move follows a series of negative stories about Facebook, based on documents leaked by an ex-employee.
Frances Haugen has accused the company of putting "profits over safety".
In 2015, Google restructured its company calling its parent firm Alphabet, however, the name has not caught on.
Facebook boss Mark Zuckerberg announced the new name as he unveiled plans to build a "metaverse" - an online world where people can game, work and communicate in a virtual environment, often using VR headsets.
He said the existing brand could not "possibly represent everything that we're doing today, let alone in the future", and needed to change.
"Over time, I hope that we are seen as a metaverse company and I want to anchor our work and our identity on what we're building towards," he told a virtual conference.
The company also unveiled a new sign at its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, on Thursday, replacing its thumbs-up "Like" logo with a blue infinity shape.
A sign of Meta, the new name for the company formerly known as Facebook, is seen at its headquarters in Menlo Park, California, US October 28, 2021. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
Mr Zuckerberg said the new name reflects that over time, users will not need to use Facebook to use the company's other services.
The word "meta" comes from the Greek word meaning "beyond".
To an outsider, a metaverse may look like a version of VR, but some people believe it could be the future of the internet.
Instead of being on a computer, people in a metaverse might use a headset to enter a virtual world connecting all sorts of digital environments.
It is hoped the virtual world could be used for practically anything from work, play and concerts, to socialising with friends and family. | Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格日前宣布，将把母公司更名为Meta（元），并希望人们将其视为“元宇宙公司”，暗示了Facebook对元宇宙的雄心。Facebook总部的标志牌也已经更换为代表Meta的蓝色无限符号。
Facebook正式宣布将公司名更改为Meta。
该公司称，这个新名字能更好地“包容”旗下业务，不光是社交媒体，还有虚拟现实等即将拓展的新领域。
公司旗下的Facebook、Instagram和Whatsapp等单个平台将不会更名，只有母公司才使用Meta这个新名称。
此前Facebook遭遇了由前员工泄露的文件引发的一连串负面新闻。
（前员工）弗兰西斯·豪根指责Facebook“将利益凌驾于安全之上”。
2015年，谷歌重组了公司，并将母公司更名为Alphabet，不过这个名称没有广为流传。
Facebook老板马克·扎克伯格宣布新名称的同时还公布了打造“元宇宙”的计划。“元宇宙”是人们可以在虚拟环境中（通常通过佩戴虚拟现实头盔）玩游戏、工作和交流的一个网络世界。
扎克伯格表示，现有的品牌名称无法“代表我们现在所做的所有业务，更不用说将来的业务”，所以需要更改。
扎克伯格在一次线上会议上说：“随着时间推移，我希望我们被视为一家元宇宙公司，并打算将我们的工作和身份定位于我们正在构建的目标。”
本周四（10月28日），该公司还在加州门洛帕克的总部公开了新标识，将竖起大拇指的“点赞”标识牌更换成了蓝色无限符号标识牌。
扎克伯格称，新名字意味着，未来用户无需使用Facebook也可以使用公司的其他服务。
Meta一词来自希腊语，意思是“超越”。
对圈外人士而言，元宇宙也许像虚拟现实的一个版本，但是有些人认为这将是互联网的未来。
元宇宙中的人无需使用电脑，戴上头盔便可以进入虚拟世界和各种数字环境相连。
人们希望可以在虚拟世界中做几乎所有事情，包括工作、游戏、听音乐会以及和亲友社交。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
据美媒报道，罗德岛州即将开设全美首个毒品安全注射中心，在这里吸毒者能够在工作人员监督下注射毒品，防止用药过量致死。中心还将为吸毒者们提供医疗保健和住房援助等其他服务。
[Photo/Pexels]
Rhode Island is set to become the first state to create safe-injection sites for intravenous drug users as overdoses take over from car crashes as the number one cause of accidental death in the US.
在美国，吸毒过量已经超过车祸成为导致意外死亡的头号原因。因此，罗德岛州将为静脉注射吸毒者设立全美首个毒品安全注射中心。
The state is set to codify rules for operating supervised injection sites in a two-year pilot program by January, with locations to be agreed upon by March.
该州将在明年1月前制定一项为期两年的安全注射中心运营试点计划，并在3月之前确定注射中心的选址。
Users can also have their drugs tested for fentanyl - an opioid 100 times stronger than morphine which has been blamed for the record-breaking overdose deaths last year.
吸毒者可以在这些地方测试他们吸的毒品是否含有芬太尼，这种阿片类药物的毒性是吗啡的100倍，也是去年用药过量死亡数量破纪录的罪魁祸首。
The main drugs that will be intravenously injected in a safe, supervised environment will be heroin and methamphetamine, which will be administered by trained personnel.
在受监管的安全注射中心内，进行静脉注射的主要毒品是海洛因和甲基苯丙胺，这些毒品将由受过培训的人员进行管理。
Injection-site staff will be equipped with naloxone, which is an antidote used in reversing opioid overdoses, with supporters of the idea say the sites help prevent fatal overdoses while providing users with a starting point for other crucial social services, including medical care and housing.
注射点的工作人员将配备纳洛酮，纳洛酮是一种用于治疗过量吸食阿片类药物的解毒剂。该计划的支持者表示，安全注射中心既可以防止吸毒过量致死，同时又为吸毒者提供医疗和住房等其他重要社会服务。
Rhode Island State Rep. Edith Ajello told the
Wall Street Journal
that the overdose death of her best friend's son, which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, pushed her to advocate for safe-injection sites in an effort to prevent such fatalities statewide.
罗德岛州众议员伊迪丝·阿杰洛在接受《华尔街日报》采访时表示，好友的儿子就是在疫情期间因吸毒过量去世的，这促使她倡导在全州范围内建立安全注射点，以防此类死亡。
'Supervised consumption sites can help to cut these losses,' she said.
阿杰洛称：“受监管的毒品注射中心有助于降低这类死亡。”
[Photo/Agencies]
尽管部分支持者表示，这一举措有助于避免不必要的过量注射导致的死亡，为瘾君子提供了安全、干净的场所；在保护吸毒者的同时，还让他们远离街道，改善了周围的社区环境。
但安全注射中心也遭到不少反对者的猛烈抨击，他们认为这种措施正在助长毒品的使用，不仅无法减少吸毒者对非法药物的依赖，还是一种“道德上的自相矛盾”。
Safe injection sites have been slammed by critics who say they encourage illegal drug taking and bring crime to the surrounding area.
安全注射中心遭到批评人士的猛烈抨击，他们表示，这些场所鼓励非法吸食毒品，并导致周围地区犯罪增加。
Democratic Rhode Island State Representative Arthur Corvese called the sites a 'moral oxymoron' as the state still outlaws drugs like heroin, but then creates a safe space for the rules to be broken.
罗德岛州民主党议员阿瑟·科维塞称，这些注射中心在“道德上自相矛盾”，因为该州仍然禁止海洛因等毒品，但却又创造了一个安全空间供吸毒者违法。
不少网友也对此举持反对态度，他们表示，毒品安全注射中心是在“引导”和“教唆”吸毒。
“首先，在任何地方吸毒都是不安全的，“安全注射中心”的推崇者用错误的逻辑来证明这种解决问题的方法的合理性，真是惊呆我了。他们只是想让人类永远都无法摆脱吸毒的痛苦。”
“注射毒品是不安全的，无论你在哪里注射都一样。”
“国营射击馆。灵车可以停在后门。”（注枪击案犯人多有吸毒史）
“不切实际。与其引导教唆这些人走向死亡，不如让他们接受戒毒治疗。”
“那些认为这是个好主意的人比那些吸毒的人更糟糕。”
“对不起，我不同意。个人行为个人买单。如果吸毒者想找死，为什么纳税人要为了救他而买单？”
在美国，服药过量是导致意外死亡的主要原因，致死人数甚至超过车祸。去年全美因过量服用芬太尼死亡的人数激增了约30%，创下历史新高。
在特朗普政府时期，美国重在对毒品犯罪实施最严厉的刑事处罚，“减少伤害”被置于次要位置。
The number of people convicted of trafficking fentanyl-related drugs increased 160% since the harsher penalties were enacted in 2018, according to the US Sentencing Commission.
根据美国量刑委员会的数据，自2018年实施更严厉的刑罚以来，被定罪贩运芬太尼相关药物的人数增加了160%。
[Photo/Pexels]
正是在这样的政策背景下，纽约、费城等地建立毒品安全注射中心的计划一一遭到搁置。
但在拜登政府上台后，美国国家毒品管制政策办公室首次将“减少危害”列为优先事项。
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration this year added $30 million in federal support for harm-reduction services, and the Drug Enforcement Administration lifted a decadelong moratorium on mobile opioid-treatment programs. The administration has also proposed that Congress remove mandatory minimum sentencing for possession of fentanyl-related substances.
美国药物滥用和精神健康服务管理局2021年增加了3000万美元的财政支持，用于“减少危害”的服务，美国毒品执法局解除了长达10年的暂停阿片类药物治疗项目禁令，拜登政府还向国会建议取消对持有芬太尼相关物质的强制性最低量刑手段。
眼下除了罗德岛州，费城、纽约、马萨诸塞州和加利福尼亚州等地也在考虑类似的做法。纽约市长白思豪更是在10月26日的新闻发布会上宣布，尽管尚未制定具体的计划，但被搁置已久的建设毒品安全注射中心的“时机已经成熟”。
来源：《每日邮报》，《华尔街日报》，观察者网
编辑：董静 | [Photo/Pexels]
Rhode Island is set to become the first state to create safe-injection sites for intravenous drug users as overdoses take over from car crashes as the number one cause of accidental death in the US.
The state is set to codify rules for operating supervised injection sites in a two-year pilot program by January, with locations to be agreed upon by March.
Users can also have their drugs tested for fentanyl - an opioid 100 times stronger than morphine which has been blamed for the record-breaking overdose deaths last year.
The main drugs that will be intravenously injected in a safe, supervised environment will be heroin and methamphetamine, which will be administered by trained personnel.
Injection-site staff will be equipped with naloxone, which is an antidote used in reversing opioid overdoses, with supporters of the idea say the sites help prevent fatal overdoses while providing users with a starting point for other crucial social services, including medical care and housing.
Rhode Island State Rep. Edith Ajello told the
Wall Street Journal
that the overdose death of her best friend's son, which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, pushed her to advocate for safe-injection sites in an effort to prevent such fatalities statewide.
'Supervised consumption sites can help to cut these losses,' she said.
[Photo/Agencies]
Safe injection sites have been slammed by critics who say they encourage illegal drug taking and bring crime to the surrounding area.
Democratic Rhode Island State Representative Arthur Corvese called the sites a 'moral oxymoron' as the state still outlaws drugs like heroin, but then creates a safe space for the rules to be broken.
The number of people convicted of trafficking fentanyl-related drugs increased 160% since the harsher penalties were enacted in 2018, according to the US Sentencing Commission.
[Photo/Pexels]
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration this year added $30 million in federal support for harm-reduction services, and the Drug Enforcement Administration lifted a decadelong moratorium on mobile opioid-treatment programs. The administration has also proposed that Congress remove mandatory minimum sentencing for possession of fentanyl-related substances. | 据美媒报道，罗德岛州即将开设全美首个毒品安全注射中心，在这里吸毒者能够在工作人员监督下注射毒品，防止用药过量致死。中心还将为吸毒者们提供医疗保健和住房援助等其他服务。
在美国，吸毒过量已经超过车祸成为导致意外死亡的头号原因。因此，罗德岛州将为静脉注射吸毒者设立全美首个毒品安全注射中心。
该州将在明年1月前制定一项为期两年的安全注射中心运营试点计划，并在3月之前确定注射中心的选址。
吸毒者可以在这些地方测试他们吸的毒品是否含有芬太尼，这种阿片类药物的毒性是吗啡的100倍，也是去年用药过量死亡数量破纪录的罪魁祸首。
在受监管的安全注射中心内，进行静脉注射的主要毒品是海洛因和甲基苯丙胺，这些毒品将由受过培训的人员进行管理。
注射点的工作人员将配备纳洛酮，纳洛酮是一种用于治疗过量吸食阿片类药物的解毒剂。该计划的支持者表示，安全注射中心既可以防止吸毒过量致死，同时又为吸毒者提供医疗和住房等其他重要社会服务。
罗德岛州众议员伊迪丝·阿杰洛在接受《华尔街日报》采访时表示，好友的儿子就是在疫情期间因吸毒过量去世的，这促使她倡导在全州范围内建立安全注射点，以防此类死亡。
阿杰洛称：“受监管的毒品注射中心有助于降低这类死亡。”
尽管部分支持者表示，这一举措有助于避免不必要的过量注射导致的死亡，为瘾君子提供了安全、干净的场所；在保护吸毒者的同时，还让他们远离街道，改善了周围的社区环境。
但安全注射中心也遭到不少反对者的猛烈抨击，他们认为这种措施正在助长毒品的使用，不仅无法减少吸毒者对非法药物的依赖，还是一种“道德上的自相矛盾”。
安全注射中心遭到批评人士的猛烈抨击，他们表示，这些场所鼓励非法吸食毒品，并导致周围地区犯罪增加。
罗德岛州民主党议员阿瑟·科维塞称，这些注射中心在“道德上自相矛盾”，因为该州仍然禁止海洛因等毒品，但却又创造了一个安全空间供吸毒者违法。
不少网友也对此举持反对态度，他们表示，毒品安全注射中心是在“引导”和“教唆”吸毒。
“首先，在任何地方吸毒都是不安全的，“安全注射中心”的推崇者用错误的逻辑来证明这种解决问题的方法的合理性，真是惊呆我了。他们只是想让人类永远都无法摆脱吸毒的痛苦。”
“注射毒品是不安全的，无论你在哪里注射都一样。”
“国营射击馆。灵车可以停在后门。”（注枪击案犯人多有吸毒史）
“不切实际。与其引导教唆这些人走向死亡，不如让他们接受戒毒治疗。”
“那些认为这是个好主意的人比那些吸毒的人更糟糕。”
“对不起，我不同意。个人行为个人买单。如果吸毒者想找死，为什么纳税人要为了救他而买单？”
在美国，服药过量是导致意外死亡的主要原因，致死人数甚至超过车祸。去年全美因过量服用芬太尼死亡的人数激增了约30%，创下历史新高。
在特朗普政府时期，美国重在对毒品犯罪实施最严厉的刑事处罚，“减少伤害”被置于次要位置。
根据美国量刑委员会的数据，自2018年实施更严厉的刑罚以来，被定罪贩运芬太尼相关药物的人数增加了160%。
正是在这样的政策背景下，纽约、费城等地建立毒品安全注射中心的计划一一遭到搁置。
但在拜登政府上台后，美国国家毒品管制政策办公室首次将“减少危害”列为优先事项。
美国药物滥用和精神健康服务管理局2021年增加了3000万美元的财政支持，用于“减少危害”的服务，美国毒品执法局解除了长达10年的暂停阿片类药物治疗项目禁令，拜登政府还向国会建议取消对持有芬太尼相关物质的强制性最低量刑手段。
眼下除了罗德岛州，费城、纽约、马萨诸塞州和加利福尼亚州等地也在考虑类似的做法。纽约市长白思豪更是在10月26日的新闻发布会上宣布，尽管尚未制定具体的计划，但被搁置已久的建设毒品安全注射中心的“时机已经成熟”。
来源：《每日邮报》，《华尔街日报》，观察者网
编辑：董静 |
虽然自恋的人不讨人喜欢，但是事实证明，自恋者往往更容易获得升职。研究发现，自恋者会高估自己的贡献，并喜欢自我宣传，而在职场中，主管们更愿意提拔这样的员工，而且并不反感这种自我宣传行为。
[Photo/Pexels]
Ever wondered how narcissistic individuals often rise to power? This study may have some clues. A narcissist's self-image may do a great job of encouraging their managers to promote them, according to a recent study in the
Journal of Personality
.
你有没有好奇过为什么自恋的人通常都能获得升职？这项研究可能会给你提供一些线索。近日发表在《人格杂志》上的一项研究指出，自恋者塑造的自我形象可能会极大地鼓励主管提拔他们。
The research included two questionnaire-based studies of 259 employees and 178 supervisors total where each assessed multiple statements regarding themselves and a potentially promotable employee respectively.
该研究基于两项分别面向259名员工和178名主管的问卷调查。研究人员让前者根据不同表述对自身情况做出评估，并让后者回答什么样的员工可能获得升职。
Some examples of statements the employees were expected to assess "I am an extraordinary person," "in my work team, I think I have a great deal of power," and other questions from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory test as far as their self-image.
员工需要进行对照评估的表述包括“我是一个杰出的人”、“在我的工作团队里，我认为自己很强”以及其他和自我形象有关的问题。这些问题均出自自恋人格量表。
Supervisors would answer statements such as "I would recommend this employee for a promotion," and "This employee has a good chance of climbing the organizational ladder" based on the employees' remarked traits.
主管人员则基于员工的自我评估来回答问卷上的表述，比如“我会推荐这名员工升职”、“这名员工很可能被提拔”等。
Lastly, 181 supervisors then received profiles of fictional narcissist employees and determined whether they would "promote" them.
最后，181名主管将会收到虚构的自恋员工的档案，并决定是否会给他们“升职”。
The results showed that narcissist employees were more self-promotional of their work and had an inflated sense of power in the workplace. It also showed that supervisors were more likely to promote employees who displayed these narcissistic traits, possibly due to their grandiose perception and displays of power.
结果显示，自恋的员工更爱宣传自己的工作成绩，而且会高估自己在职场中的能力。研究还发现，主管更可能提拔那些展现自恋特征的员工，可能是因为他们能制造出华丽的假象，并给人强有力的感觉。
According to a 2016 study, narcissist individuals were more likely to believe that they make for effective and superior leaders, which could correlate with self-promotional behaviors like higher regard for their role in a work project.
2016年的一项研究显示，自恋者更可能认为自己能成为高效的上级领导，这些人喜欢自我宣传，并会高估自己在工作项目中发挥的作用。
The results showed that this self-promotional behavior was not viewed negatively by the supervisors in the study, and could be viewed as a positive trait depending on the workplace.
该研究结果指出，受访主管对这种自我宣传行为并不反感，在某些工作场所中自我宣传还被视为一种积极的特质。
Does this mean you have to be a narcissist to get promoted? Not quite, but there could be some self-confidence lessons to be learned.
这是否意味着你必须自恋才能升职？不完全是这样，但是你可以学着让自己更自信一些。
英文来源：雅虎新闻
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Ever wondered how narcissistic individuals often rise to power? This study may have some clues. A narcissist's self-image may do a great job of encouraging their managers to promote them, according to a recent study in the
Journal of Personality
.
The research included two questionnaire-based studies of 259 employees and 178 supervisors total where each assessed multiple statements regarding themselves and a potentially promotable employee respectively.
Some examples of statements the employees were expected to assess "I am an extraordinary person," "in my work team, I think I have a great deal of power," and other questions from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory test as far as their self-image.
Supervisors would answer statements such as "I would recommend this employee for a promotion," and "This employee has a good chance of climbing the organizational ladder" based on the employees' remarked traits.
Lastly, 181 supervisors then received profiles of fictional narcissist employees and determined whether they would "promote" them.
The results showed that narcissist employees were more self-promotional of their work and had an inflated sense of power in the workplace. It also showed that supervisors were more likely to promote employees who displayed these narcissistic traits, possibly due to their grandiose perception and displays of power.
According to a 2016 study, narcissist individuals were more likely to believe that they make for effective and superior leaders, which could correlate with self-promotional behaviors like higher regard for their role in a work project.
The results showed that this self-promotional behavior was not viewed negatively by the supervisors in the study, and could be viewed as a positive trait depending on the workplace.
Does this mean you have to be a narcissist to get promoted? Not quite, but there could be some self-confidence lessons to be learned. | 虽然自恋的人不讨人喜欢，但是事实证明，自恋者往往更容易获得升职。研究发现，自恋者会高估自己的贡献，并喜欢自我宣传，而在职场中，主管们更愿意提拔这样的员工，而且并不反感这种自我宣传行为。
你有没有好奇过为什么自恋的人通常都能获得升职？这项研究可能会给你提供一些线索。近日发表在《人格杂志》上的一项研究指出，自恋者塑造的自我形象可能会极大地鼓励主管提拔他们。
该研究基于两项分别面向259名员工和178名主管的问卷调查。研究人员让前者根据不同表述对自身情况做出评估，并让后者回答什么样的员工可能获得升职。
员工需要进行对照评估的表述包括“我是一个杰出的人”、“在我的工作团队里，我认为自己很强”以及其他和自我形象有关的问题。这些问题均出自自恋人格量表。
主管人员则基于员工的自我评估来回答问卷上的表述，比如“我会推荐这名员工升职”、“这名员工很可能被提拔”等。
最后，181名主管将会收到虚构的自恋员工的档案，并决定是否会给他们“升职”。
结果显示，自恋的员工更爱宣传自己的工作成绩，而且会高估自己在职场中的能力。研究还发现，主管更可能提拔那些展现自恋特征的员工，可能是因为他们能制造出华丽的假象，并给人强有力的感觉。
2016年的一项研究显示，自恋者更可能认为自己能成为高效的上级领导，这些人喜欢自我宣传，并会高估自己在工作项目中发挥的作用。
该研究结果指出，受访主管对这种自我宣传行为并不反感，在某些工作场所中自我宣传还被视为一种积极的特质。
这是否意味着你必须自恋才能升职？不完全是这样，但是你可以学着让自己更自信一些。
英文来源：雅虎新闻
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
在联合国气候峰会即将召开之际，联合国环境规划署发布的新报告显示，世界各国并没有积极行动来兑现减排承诺，照此下去，全球气温会上升至少2.7摄氏度，这将会产生灾难性的后果。
[Photo/Pexels]
The world is squandering the opportunity to “build back better” from the Covid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrous temperature rises of at least 2.7C if countries fail to strengthen their climate pledges, according to a report from the UN.
联合国的一份报告指出，世界正在浪费新冠疫情带来的“重建”机会，如果各国依然无法兑现气候承诺，全球气温会上升至少2.7摄氏度，这将是灾难性的。
Tuesday’s publication warns that countries’ current pledges would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030, far less than the 45% cut scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to 1.5C, the aim of the Cop26 summit that opens in Glasgow this Sunday.
10月26日发布的这份报告警告称，各国目前的承诺如果能够兑现，也只能在2030年前将碳排放量降低7.5%左右，远远低于科学家所说的将全球气温升幅限制在1.5摄氏度以内所需的45%。将全球升温幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内也是本周日（10月31日）在格拉斯哥召开的Cop26联合国气候峰会的目标。
António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, described the findings as a “thundering wake up call” to world leaders, while experts called for drastic action against fossil fuel companies.
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将这一结论描述为向世界领导人“敲响振聋发聩的警钟”。与此同时，专家呼吁对化石燃料公司采取严厉措施。
Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century, this would not be enough to stave off climate disaster, according to the UN emissions report, which examines the shortfall between countries’ intentions and actions needed on the climate. Many of the net zero pledges were found to be vague, and unless accompanied by stringent cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially catastrophic extent.
联合国的碳排放报告称，尽管已有100多个国家承诺在本世纪中叶实现零排放目标，但是仍不足以避免气候灾难。这份报告检视了各国的承诺和应对气候危机所需采取的行动之间的落差。许多国家的零排放承诺都很含糊，然而，除非这个十年按照承诺实行严格的减排措施，否则灾难性的全球变暖将不可避免。
Guterres said: “The heat is on, and as the contents of this report show, the leadership we need is off. Far off. Countries are squandering a massive opportunity to invest Covid-19 fiscal and recovery resources in sustainable, cost-saving, planet-saving ways. As world leaders prepare for Cop26, this report is another thundering wake-up call. How many do we need?”
古特雷斯表示：“事态变得紧急，而且据这份报告的内容显示，我们所需的减排领导力很不够。远远不够。新冠疫情带来的大好转型机会正在被各国浪费掉，他们原本可以借此机会投资可持续的节省成本的环保资源。如今世界领导人正准备参加Cop26联合国气候峰会，这份报告再次敲响了振聋发聩的警钟。我们还需要多少警钟才能行动起来？”
Inger Andersen, the executive director of the UN Environment Programme (Unep) said: “Climate change is no longer a future problem. It is a now problem. To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5C, we have eight years to almost halve greenhouse gas emissions: eight years to make the plans, put in place the policies, implement them and ultimately deliver the cuts. The clock is ticking loudly.”
联合国环境规划署执行主任英格·安德森说：“气候变化不再是未来的问题，而是现在的问题。为了能有一线之机将全球变暖幅度限制在1.5摄氏度内，我们必须在八年内将碳排放量减半，其中包括计划的制定、政策的发布和实施以及最终减排。时不我待。”
Emissions fell by about 5.4% last year during Covid lockdowns, the report found, but only about a fifth of the spending on economic recovery was geared to efforts that would cut carbon. This failure to “build back better” despite promises by governments around the world cast doubt on the world’s willingness to make the economic shift necessary to tackle the climate crisis, the UN said.
报告发现，去年疫情封锁期间，碳排放量大约减少了5.4%，但是经济复苏的资金中只有约五分之一用于减排需求。联合国称，世界各国政府无视承诺不事“重建”的行为令人怀疑他们为应对气候危机而做出经济转型的诚意。
In the run-up to Cop26, countries were supposed to submit national plans on emissions cuts – called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) – for the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement.
在即将举行的Cop26联合国气候峰会期间，按照2015年巴黎气候协定的要求，各国本应提交下一个十年的全国减排计划“国家自主贡献预案”。
But the Unep report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs, and several other governments – including Russia, Brazil, Australia and Mexico – had presented weak plans that were no improvement on their 2015 Paris pledges.
但是联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有半数国家提交了新的国家自主贡献预案，俄罗斯、巴西、澳大利亚和墨西哥等国政府提交的计划乏善可陈，只是在重复他们在2015年巴黎协定上的承诺。
The emissions gap report also highlighted methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that arises from animal husbandry, natural gas extraction and waste. The US, the EU and more than 20 other countries have signed a pledge to reduce methane globally by 30% this decade.
这份排放落差报告还重点关注了甲烷这种威力强大的温室气体。甲烷来自畜牧业、天然气开采和尾气。美国、欧盟和20多个其他国家都签署了在十年内将全球甲烷排放量减少30%的承诺书。
Unep said methane was the second biggest contributor to temperature rises, after carbon, and that about 20% of annual methane emissions could be cut at little or no cost, for instance through better management of natural gas drilling.
联合国环境规划署称，甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的温室气体。每年可以通过成本很低或零成本的方式将甲烷排放量减少约20%，比如通过改善对天然气开采的管理。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
The world is squandering the opportunity to “build back better” from the Covid-19 pandemic, and faces disastrous temperature rises of at least 2.7C if countries fail to strengthen their climate pledges, according to a report from the UN.
Tuesday’s publication warns that countries’ current pledges would reduce carbon by only about 7.5% by 2030, far less than the 45% cut scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to 1.5C, the aim of the Cop26 summit that opens in Glasgow this Sunday.
Although more than 100 countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century, this would not be enough to stave off climate disaster, according to the UN emissions report, which examines the shortfall between countries’ intentions and actions needed on the climate. Many of the net zero pledges were found to be vague, and unless accompanied by stringent cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially catastrophic extent.
Guterres said: “The heat is on, and as the contents of this report show, the leadership we need is off. Far off. Countries are squandering a massive opportunity to invest Covid-19 fiscal and recovery resources in sustainable, cost-saving, planet-saving ways. As world leaders prepare for Cop26, this report is another thundering wake-up call. How many do we need?”
Inger Andersen, the executive director of the UN Environment Programme (Unep) said: “Climate change is no longer a future problem. It is a now problem. To stand a chance of limiting global warming to 1.5C, we have eight years to almost halve greenhouse gas emissions: eight years to make the plans, put in place the policies, implement them and ultimately deliver the cuts. The clock is ticking loudly.”
Emissions fell by about 5.4% last year during Covid lockdowns, the report found, but only about a fifth of the spending on economic recovery was geared to efforts that would cut carbon. This failure to “build back better” despite promises by governments around the world cast doubt on the world’s willingness to make the economic shift necessary to tackle the climate crisis, the UN said.
In the run-up to Cop26, countries were supposed to submit national plans on emissions cuts – called nationally determined contributions (NDCs) – for the next decade, a requirement under the 2015 Paris climate agreement.
But the Unep report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs, and several other governments – including Russia, Brazil, Australia and Mexico – had presented weak plans that were no improvement on their 2015 Paris pledges.
The emissions gap report also highlighted methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that arises from animal husbandry, natural gas extraction and waste. The US, the EU and more than 20 other countries have signed a pledge to reduce methane globally by 30% this decade.
Unep said methane was the second biggest contributor to temperature rises, after carbon, and that about 20% of annual methane emissions could be cut at little or no cost, for instance through better management of natural gas drilling. | 在联合国气候峰会即将召开之际，联合国环境规划署发布的新报告显示，世界各国并没有积极行动来兑现减排承诺，照此下去，全球气温会上升至少2.7摄氏度，这将会产生灾难性的后果。
联合国的一份报告指出，世界正在浪费新冠疫情带来的“重建”机会，如果各国依然无法兑现气候承诺，全球气温会上升至少2.7摄氏度，这将是灾难性的。
10月26日发布的这份报告警告称，各国目前的承诺如果能够兑现，也只能在2030年前将碳排放量降低7.5%左右，远远低于科学家所说的将全球气温升幅限制在1.5摄氏度以内所需的45%。将全球升温幅度控制在1.5摄氏度以内也是本周日（10月31日）在格拉斯哥召开的Cop26联合国气候峰会的目标。
António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, described the findings as a “thundering wake up call” to world leaders, while experts called for drastic action against fossil fuel companies.
联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯将这一结论描述为向世界领导人“敲响振聋发聩的警钟”。与此同时，专家呼吁对化石燃料公司采取严厉措施。
联合国的碳排放报告称，尽管已有100多个国家承诺在本世纪中叶实现零排放目标，但是仍不足以避免气候灾难。这份报告检视了各国的承诺和应对气候危机所需采取的行动之间的落差。许多国家的零排放承诺都很含糊，然而，除非这个十年按照承诺实行严格的减排措施，否则灾难性的全球变暖将不可避免。
古特雷斯表示：“事态变得紧急，而且据这份报告的内容显示，我们所需的减排领导力很不够。远远不够。新冠疫情带来的大好转型机会正在被各国浪费掉，他们原本可以借此机会投资可持续的节省成本的环保资源。如今世界领导人正准备参加Cop26联合国气候峰会，这份报告再次敲响了振聋发聩的警钟。我们还需要多少警钟才能行动起来？”
联合国环境规划署执行主任英格·安德森说：“气候变化不再是未来的问题，而是现在的问题。为了能有一线之机将全球变暖幅度限制在1.5摄氏度内，我们必须在八年内将碳排放量减半，其中包括计划的制定、政策的发布和实施以及最终减排。时不我待。”
报告发现，去年疫情封锁期间，碳排放量大约减少了5.4%，但是经济复苏的资金中只有约五分之一用于减排需求。联合国称，世界各国政府无视承诺不事“重建”的行为令人怀疑他们为应对气候危机而做出经济转型的诚意。
在即将举行的Cop26联合国气候峰会期间，按照2015年巴黎气候协定的要求，各国本应提交下一个十年的全国减排计划“国家自主贡献预案”。
但是联合国环境规划署的报告发现，只有半数国家提交了新的国家自主贡献预案，俄罗斯、巴西、澳大利亚和墨西哥等国政府提交的计划乏善可陈，只是在重复他们在2015年巴黎协定上的承诺。
这份排放落差报告还重点关注了甲烷这种威力强大的温室气体。甲烷来自畜牧业、天然气开采和尾气。美国、欧盟和20多个其他国家都签署了在十年内将全球甲烷排放量减少30%的承诺书。
联合国环境规划署称，甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的温室气体。每年可以通过成本很低或零成本的方式将甲烷排放量减少约20%，比如通过改善对天然气开采的管理。
英文来源：卫报
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
10月26日，在北京冬奥会开幕倒计时100天之际，北京2022年冬奥会、冬残奥会奖牌“同心”揭晓。奖牌是冬奥会景观元素的重要内容，体现着举办国的文化内涵与精神追求，奖牌的发布标志着北京冬奥会在筹办的征程上又迈出重要一步。
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games medals. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Inspired by Chinese jade ornaments, the official medals of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games made an impressive debut on Tuesday, 100 days from the start of the gala event.
10月26日，北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会官方奖牌于奥运会开幕倒计时100天之际精彩亮相，奖牌以中国玉饰品为灵感。
At 8:30 pm, when the countdown clock reached 100 days, Vice-Premier Han Zheng, together with China's first Winter Olympic gold medalist Yang Yang and Olympic champion swimmer Zhang Yufei, unveiled a set of gold, silver and bronze medals out of a showcase modeled as a pile of ice bricks, putting an international spotlight on the glittering metal discs that represent the ultimate dreams of winter sports athletes.
当晚8点30分，当冬奥倒计时显示100天时，国务院副总理韩正与中国第一位冬奥会金牌获得者杨扬和奥运会游泳冠军张雨霏一起为奖牌揭幕，一套金银铜牌被置于冰砖样的陈列柜中，代表冬季运动运动员终极梦想的耀眼金牌让世界瞩目。
Inspired by the exquisite "yubi", an ancient Chinese jade artifact dating back some 5,000 years, each medal features carvings of the Olympic rings at its heart on the front with the words "XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022" etched around them. Engravings of cloud patterns, an element used on the torch of the 2008 Summer Games, snowflakes and ice scratches fill the outer rings.
奖牌的灵感来源于精美的“玉璧”，距今约5000年的中国古代玉器。奖牌正面中心刻有奥林匹克五环，周围刻着“第二十四届北京2022年冬奥会”的英文全称。奖牌上镌刻祥云纹，外环刻有冰雪纹。2008年夏季奥运会火炬也使用了祥云纹元素。
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games medals. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
The concentric rings around the center represent the pursuit of unity and harmony common in Chinese culture, while echoing the Olympic values of promoting solidarity, inclusiveness and peace among mankind.
围绕中心的同心环代表了中国文化中对团结和谐的普遍追求，同时呼应了促进人类团结、包容与和平的奥林匹克价值观。
The reverse side bears the Beijing 2022 emblem at the center, with the outer rings dotted with 24 stars strung together by circles, representing the 24th edition of the Winter Olympics and featuring the name of the medal event.
背面中心刻有北京2022年奥运会会徽，外层点缀着24颗星星，用圆圈串在一起，代表第24届冬奥会，奖牌上还刻有获奖运动项目的名称。
Sharing the same design with slight changes, the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games medals were also unveiled on Tuesday, with the International Paralympic Committee's logo carved on the obverse side and the Beijing 2022 Paralympic emblem on the reverse.
在同天揭幕的北京2022年冬残奥会奖牌采取相同的设计，只是略有改动。奖牌的正面刻着国际残奥委员会的标志，背面刻着北京2022年残奥会会徽。
Official medals of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Official medals of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
来源：中国日报网
编辑：董静 | Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games medals. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Inspired by Chinese jade ornaments, the official medals of the Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games made an impressive debut on Tuesday, 100 days from the start of the gala event.
At 8:30 pm, when the countdown clock reached 100 days, Vice-Premier Han Zheng, together with China's first Winter Olympic gold medalist Yang Yang and Olympic champion swimmer Zhang Yufei, unveiled a set of gold, silver and bronze medals out of a showcase modeled as a pile of ice bricks, putting an international spotlight on the glittering metal discs that represent the ultimate dreams of winter sports athletes.
Inspired by the exquisite "yubi", an ancient Chinese jade artifact dating back some 5,000 years, each medal features carvings of the Olympic rings at its heart on the front with the words "XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022" etched around them. Engravings of cloud patterns, an element used on the torch of the 2008 Summer Games, snowflakes and ice scratches fill the outer rings.
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games medals. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
The concentric rings around the center represent the pursuit of unity and harmony common in Chinese culture, while echoing the Olympic values of promoting solidarity, inclusiveness and peace among mankind.
The reverse side bears the Beijing 2022 emblem at the center, with the outer rings dotted with 24 stars strung together by circles, representing the 24th edition of the Winter Olympics and featuring the name of the medal event.
Sharing the same design with slight changes, the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games medals were also unveiled on Tuesday, with the International Paralympic Committee's logo carved on the obverse side and the Beijing 2022 Paralympic emblem on the reverse.
Official medals of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]
Official medals of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games. [Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn] | 10月26日，在北京冬奥会开幕倒计时100天之际，北京2022年冬奥会、冬残奥会奖牌“同心”揭晓。奖牌是冬奥会景观元素的重要内容，体现着举办国的文化内涵与精神追求，奖牌的发布标志着北京冬奥会在筹办的征程上又迈出重要一步。
10月26日，北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会官方奖牌于奥运会开幕倒计时100天之际精彩亮相，奖牌以中国玉饰品为灵感。
当晚8点30分，当冬奥倒计时显示100天时，国务院副总理韩正与中国第一位冬奥会金牌获得者杨扬和奥运会游泳冠军张雨霏一起为奖牌揭幕，一套金银铜牌被置于冰砖样的陈列柜中，代表冬季运动运动员终极梦想的耀眼金牌让世界瞩目。
奖牌的灵感来源于精美的“玉璧”，距今约5000年的中国古代玉器。奖牌正面中心刻有奥林匹克五环，周围刻着“第二十四届北京2022年冬奥会”的英文全称。奖牌上镌刻祥云纹，外环刻有冰雪纹。2008年夏季奥运会火炬也使用了祥云纹元素。
围绕中心的同心环代表了中国文化中对团结和谐的普遍追求，同时呼应了促进人类团结、包容与和平的奥林匹克价值观。
背面中心刻有北京2022年奥运会会徽，外层点缀着24颗星星，用圆圈串在一起，代表第24届冬奥会，奖牌上还刻有获奖运动项目的名称。
在同天揭幕的北京2022年冬残奥会奖牌采取相同的设计，只是略有改动。奖牌的正面刻着国际残奥委员会的标志，背面刻着北京2022年残奥会会徽。
来源：中国日报网
编辑：董静 |
据英国《卫报》报道，英国多家超市近日的货架上除了零散的物资之外，印有水果、蔬菜等食物照片的纸板也被放在没有实物的货架上。英媒称，由于供应问题加上产品种类减少，很多超市供货不足，只能采取此操作，掩盖略显空荡的货架。
Tesco has begun using pictures of asparagus, carrots, oranges and grapes in its fresh produce aisles, prompting ridicule on social media.
英国连锁超市特易购已经开始在其新鲜农产品通道中摆放芦笋、胡萝卜、橙子和葡萄的图片，此举遭到网友嘲讽。
图片：推特
“Mmmm, delicious photos of asparagus,” one commenter wrote on Twitter.
一位推特用户评论：“嗯，美味的芦笋照片”。
"Look carefully," another Twitter user wrote alongside a picture of an aisle of laundry detergents. "The middle three rows are photographs."
另一位推特用户发布了一张洗衣粉通道的照片并写道：“仔细看，中间三排是照片。”
图片：推特
Shoppers have spotted fake carrots in Fakenham, cardboard asparagus in London, pictures of oranges and grapes in Milton Keynes, and 2D washing liquid bottles in Cambridge.
消费者们在费克纳姆看到了假的胡萝卜，在伦敦发现了印着芦笋的硬纸板，在米尔顿凯恩斯看到了橙子和葡萄的照片，在剑桥发现了平面版的洗涤液瓶。
图片：推特
The tactic comes as shortages of HGV drivers and pickers and packers on farms and food processing plants lead to low availability of some items in supermarkets. Problems at ports, where handlers are struggling to cope with a surge in deliveries for the festive season, are also leading to shortages.
超市采取此对策是因为英国的农场和食品加工厂缺少大卡车司机、采摘工和包装工，导致超市某些商品供应不足。港口的问题也导致了货源短缺。港口装卸工人正努力应对节日期间交货量激增的局面。
Bryan Roberts, a retail analyst at Shopfloor Insights, said he had only begun to see the cardboard cutouts of fresh produce in the past year, but said similar tactics had been in place elsewhere in supermarkets for some time. “It has become quite commonplace. It is not only because of shortages, but because a lot of the larger stores are now simply too big.”
Shopfloor Insights的零售分析师布莱恩·罗伯茨表示，他从去年才开始看到新鲜农产品的硬纸板图形，但他表示，超市其他区域的货架采取类似的策略已有一段时间了。“这一现象已经相当普遍。这不仅是因为货品短缺，而且是因为许多大型超市实在太大了。”
He said the cutouts were one of an array of tactics being used to fill space, including filling meat fridges with bottles of tomato sauce or mayonnaise, spreading packs of beer out across whole aisles, and erecting large posters or other marketing material.
他表示，这些硬纸牌是一种用来填补空间的对策。类似的策略还包括在肉类冰箱装上几瓶番茄酱或蛋黄酱，在过道内摆许多啤酒，以及竖立大型海报或其他营销材料。
Tesco, which has boasted that its sales have been boosted by its ability to keep shelves stocked, said the fruit and vegetable pictures were not linked to the recent supply chain issues and had been in use for many months.
此前曾自称货品储备能力提升了销售额的特易购表示，这些水果和蔬菜的图片与最近的供应链问题无关，已经使用了好几个月。
Traditional supermarkets, which can stock more than 40,000 product lines, have been honing their grocery ranges to improve efficiency so they can cut prices and compete more effectively with discounters such as Aldi and Lidl, which sell fewer than 3,000 different products.
传统超市可以存放4万多种产品，它们一直在精简经营商品的种类，以提高效率，从而能够降低价格，并与阿尔迪、历德等打折超市形成更有效的竞争。这些折扣商店销售的产品不超过3000种。
That process has only been accelerated by Brexit and the pandemic which have led to staff shortages and difficulties in shipping goods. Supermarkets and manufacturers have reduced the range of different types of pasta, coffee or teas they sell to make it easier to keep goods flowing.
由于英国脱欧和新冠肺炎疫情导致人员短缺和货物运输困难，这一进程被加快。超市和制造商已经减少了在售的意大利面、咖啡或茶的种类，以使商品更便于流通。
Some bulky and not very profitable items, such as bottled fizzy drinks and water, have also been pushed down the delivery priority list because of driver shortages, meaning there may be larger gaps on shelves than usual.
由于司机短缺，一些体积大、利润不高的商品，如瓶装汽水和水，也被挤出了优先送货名单，这意味着货架上的缺口可能比平时更大。
Several chains, including Sainsbury’s, Asda and Tesco have also shut food service counters to cut costs, leaving more space to fill.
塞恩斯伯里、阿斯达和特易购几家连锁超市还关闭了食品服务柜台以降低成本，留下了更多的空间。
The rise of online shopping, has meanwhile led to many supermarkets no longer stocking non-food items such as televisions, CDs or kettles which they once did, leaving areas of empty space which many have been unable to fill with alternative products. Some have brought in other services, such as opticians, key cutting or dry cleaners to take up space.
与此同时，网络购物的兴起导致许多超市不再像以前那样储存电视、光碟或水壶等非食品类商品，留下了许多无法用替代产品填满的空白区域。一些公司还引入了其他服务，如眼镜店、配钥匙店或干洗店来填满空间。
On fresh produce, stores such as Tesco also have targets to reduce food waste, and so are keeping stocks tighter than they might have done in the past.
在新鲜农产品方面，特易购等超市也制定了减少食品浪费的目标，因此它们的库存规模可能比过去更小。
Cardboard cutouts of expensive items such as detergents, protein powders and spirits such as gin are also sometimes used to prevent shoplifting. Pictures of the items are put on shelves to indicate availability, and shoppers must pick up the actual product at the till.
诸如洗涤剂、蛋白粉和杜松子酒等烈性酒之类的昂贵商品有时也会使用硬纸板图形替代，以防被盗。商品的图片被放在货架上以表明有货，购物者必须在收银台领取实际的商品。
来源：卫报
编辑：董静 | Tesco has begun using pictures of asparagus, carrots, oranges and grapes in its fresh produce aisles, prompting ridicule on social media.
“Mmmm, delicious photos of asparagus,” one commenter wrote on Twitter.
"Look carefully," another Twitter user wrote alongside a picture of an aisle of laundry detergents. "The middle three rows are photographs."
Shoppers have spotted fake carrots in Fakenham, cardboard asparagus in London, pictures of oranges and grapes in Milton Keynes, and 2D washing liquid bottles in Cambridge.
The tactic comes as shortages of HGV drivers and pickers and packers on farms and food processing plants lead to low availability of some items in supermarkets. Problems at ports, where handlers are struggling to cope with a surge in deliveries for the festive season, are also leading to shortages.
Bryan Roberts, a retail analyst at Shopfloor Insights, said he had only begun to see the cardboard cutouts of fresh produce in the past year, but said similar tactics had been in place elsewhere in supermarkets for some time. “It has become quite commonplace. It is not only because of shortages, but because a lot of the larger stores are now simply too big.”
He said the cutouts were one of an array of tactics being used to fill space, including filling meat fridges with bottles of tomato sauce or mayonnaise, spreading packs of beer out across whole aisles, and erecting large posters or other marketing material.
Tesco, which has boasted that its sales have been boosted by its ability to keep shelves stocked, said the fruit and vegetable pictures were not linked to the recent supply chain issues and had been in use for many months.
Traditional supermarkets, which can stock more than 40,000 product lines, have been honing their grocery ranges to improve efficiency so they can cut prices and compete more effectively with discounters such as Aldi and Lidl, which sell fewer than 3,000 different products.
That process has only been accelerated by Brexit and the pandemic which have led to staff shortages and difficulties in shipping goods. Supermarkets and manufacturers have reduced the range of different types of pasta, coffee or teas they sell to make it easier to keep goods flowing.
Some bulky and not very profitable items, such as bottled fizzy drinks and water, have also been pushed down the delivery priority list because of driver shortages, meaning there may be larger gaps on shelves than usual.
Several chains, including Sainsbury’s, Asda and Tesco have also shut food service counters to cut costs, leaving more space to fill.
The rise of online shopping, has meanwhile led to many supermarkets no longer stocking non-food items such as televisions, CDs or kettles which they once did, leaving areas of empty space which many have been unable to fill with alternative products. Some have brought in other services, such as opticians, key cutting or dry cleaners to take up space.
On fresh produce, stores such as Tesco also have targets to reduce food waste, and so are keeping stocks tighter than they might have done in the past.
Cardboard cutouts of expensive items such as detergents, protein powders and spirits such as gin are also sometimes used to prevent shoplifting. Pictures of the items are put on shelves to indicate availability, and shoppers must pick up the actual product at the till. | 据英国《卫报》报道，英国多家超市近日的货架上除了零散的物资之外，印有水果、蔬菜等食物照片的纸板也被放在没有实物的货架上。英媒称，由于供应问题加上产品种类减少，很多超市供货不足，只能采取此操作，掩盖略显空荡的货架。
英国连锁超市特易购已经开始在其新鲜农产品通道中摆放芦笋、胡萝卜、橙子和葡萄的图片，此举遭到网友嘲讽。
图片：推特
一位推特用户评论：“嗯，美味的芦笋照片”。
另一位推特用户发布了一张洗衣粉通道的照片并写道：“仔细看，中间三排是照片。”
图片：推特
消费者们在费克纳姆看到了假的胡萝卜，在伦敦发现了印着芦笋的硬纸板，在米尔顿凯恩斯看到了橙子和葡萄的照片，在剑桥发现了平面版的洗涤液瓶。
图片：推特
超市采取此对策是因为英国的农场和食品加工厂缺少大卡车司机、采摘工和包装工，导致超市某些商品供应不足。港口的问题也导致了货源短缺。港口装卸工人正努力应对节日期间交货量激增的局面。
Shopfloor Insights的零售分析师布莱恩·罗伯茨表示，他从去年才开始看到新鲜农产品的硬纸板图形，但他表示，超市其他区域的货架采取类似的策略已有一段时间了。“这一现象已经相当普遍。这不仅是因为货品短缺，而且是因为许多大型超市实在太大了。”
他表示，这些硬纸牌是一种用来填补空间的对策。类似的策略还包括在肉类冰箱装上几瓶番茄酱或蛋黄酱，在过道内摆许多啤酒，以及竖立大型海报或其他营销材料。
此前曾自称货品储备能力提升了销售额的特易购表示，这些水果和蔬菜的图片与最近的供应链问题无关，已经使用了好几个月。
传统超市可以存放4万多种产品，它们一直在精简经营商品的种类，以提高效率，从而能够降低价格，并与阿尔迪、历德等打折超市形成更有效的竞争。这些折扣商店销售的产品不超过3000种。
由于英国脱欧和新冠肺炎疫情导致人员短缺和货物运输困难，这一进程被加快。超市和制造商已经减少了在售的意大利面、咖啡或茶的种类，以使商品更便于流通。
由于司机短缺，一些体积大、利润不高的商品，如瓶装汽水和水，也被挤出了优先送货名单，这意味着货架上的缺口可能比平时更大。
塞恩斯伯里、阿斯达和特易购几家连锁超市还关闭了食品服务柜台以降低成本，留下了更多的空间。
与此同时，网络购物的兴起导致许多超市不再像以前那样储存电视、光碟或水壶等非食品类商品，留下了许多无法用替代产品填满的空白区域。一些公司还引入了其他服务，如眼镜店、配钥匙店或干洗店来填满空间。
在新鲜农产品方面，特易购等超市也制定了减少食品浪费的目标，因此它们的库存规模可能比过去更小。
诸如洗涤剂、蛋白粉和杜松子酒等烈性酒之类的昂贵商品有时也会使用硬纸板图形替代，以防被盗。商品的图片被放在货架上以表明有货，购物者必须在收银台领取实际的商品。
来源：卫报
编辑：董静 |
研究反复证实，社交媒体上的负面新闻看多了对人的精神健康有害无益。尽管如此，疫情期间想要“戒掉”社交媒体实在太难。怎样才能让自己开心地使用社交媒体？来看看科学家的解答。
[Photo/Pexels]
Picture this: you're between Zoom meetings, and scrolling through your social media newsfeed. Headlines like "Death toll continues to rise", "COVID-19 may cause long-term health implications" and "Health-care systems overwhelmed" flash across your screen. Your mood takes a dive, but you can't stop scrolling.
想象一下这个画面：你刚开完一个视频会议，趁着空闲翻阅一下社交媒体推送的新闻。你的屏幕上闪过的标题都是“死亡率继续上升”、“新冠病毒可能会对健康产生长期危害”、“医疗系统不堪重负”之类的。你的心情骤然间变得低落，但是你仍忍不住翻阅的欲望。
If this scenario rings true for you, you're not alone. Research shows people have a tendency to seek out information during uncertain times – it's a natural coping mechanism. But is persistent information-seeking on social media, sometimes called doomscrolling, helpful during a pandemic, or any time?
如果这个场景曾发生在你身上，那么你不是孤身一人。研究发现，人们在充满不确定性的时期往往都会去寻找信息，这是本能的应对机制。但是在社交媒体上持续地搜寻信息（有时被称为末日刷刷刷）在疫情期间或其他时候真的有所助益吗？
Research on the effects of bad news on mood suggest exposure to negative COVID news is likely to be detrimental to our emotional wellbeing.
此前曾研究过负面新闻对心情的影响，结果表明，负面的疫情新闻不利于精神健康。
For instance, one study conducted in March 2020 involving more than 6,000 Americans found that the more time participants spent consuming COVID news in a day, the unhappier they felt.
举例而言，2020年3月开展的一项涵盖了6000多名美国人的研究发现，参与者在一天内用于浏览疫情新闻的时间越多，他们就越不开心。
These findings are striking but leave a few key questions unanswered. Does doomscrolling make people unhappy, or are unhappy people just more likely to doomscroll? How much time spent doomscrolling is a problem? And what would happen if, instead of doomscrolling, we were "kindness scrolling" – reading about humanity's positive responses to a global crisis?
这些研究结果令人震惊，但还是留下了几个悬而未决的关键问题。是末日刷刷刷让人不开心，还是不开心的人更爱末日刷刷刷？在末日刷刷刷上花多少时间会影响情绪？如果我们只看正面新闻（人们对全球危机的积极反应），不看负面新闻，会产生什么结果呢？
To find out, researchers conducted a study where they showed hundreds of people real-world content on either Twitter or YouTube for two to four minutes. The Twitter feeds and YouTube videos featured either general news about COVID, or news about kindness during COVID. Researchers then measured these participants' moods using a questionnaire, and compared their moods with participants who did not engage with any content at all.
为此研究人员开展了一项研究，让数百人花2到4分钟观看推特或油管上的真实内容。推特消息和油管视频中展示的是普通的新冠新闻或疫情期间的善举。然后研究人员用问卷测量了参与者的情绪，并将他们的情绪与没有看任何内容的参与者相比。
People who were shown general COVID-related news experienced lower moods than people who were shown nothing at all. Meanwhile, people who were shown COVID news stories involving acts of kindness didn't experience the same decline in mood, but also didn't gain the boost in mood they'd predicted.
和什么也没看的人相比，观看新冠相关普通新闻的人情绪更低落。与此同时，观看疫情期间善举新闻的人情绪没有变低落，但是也没有像预期的那样变开心。
These findings suggest that spending as little as two to four minutes consuming negative news about COVID-19 can have a detrimental impact on our mood.
这些研究结果显示，观看新冠相关负面新闻仅2到4分钟就会对我们的情绪产生有害影响。
Although researchers didn't see an improvement in mood among participants who were shown positive news stories involving acts of kindness, this may be because the stories were still related to COVID. In other research, positive news stories have been associated with improvements in mood.
尽管在这项研究中，观看正面善举新闻的参与者心情没有改善，但这可能是因为这些故事依然和新冠疫情有关。不过其他研究指出，正面的新闻故事可以改善情绪。
So what can we do to look after ourselves, and make our time on social media more pleasurable?
那么我们要怎么做才能呵护自己的情绪，并让我们的社交媒体时光更加快乐呢？
One option is to delete our social media accounts altogether. Figures show almost half of Facebook users in the UK and the US considered leaving the platform in 2020.
一种选择就是完全删除社交媒体账户。数据显示，2020年英国和美国近半数脸书用户曾考虑退出这一平台。
But how realistic is it to distance ourselves from platforms that connect nearly half of the world's population, particularly when these platforms offer social interactions at a time when face-to-face interactions can be risky, or impossible?
然而，远离这些与世界近一半人口相连的平台是不现实的，尤其是现在这个特殊时期，面对面互动有风险甚至不可能，而这些平台却能够提供社交互动。
Given that avoidance might not be practical, here are some other ways to make your experience on social media more positive.
考虑到避免社交媒体可能不现实，以下有其他几种方式可以让你的社交媒体经历变得更积极。
Be mindful of what you consume on social media. Focus on the personal news and photos shared instead of the latest headlines.
第一，留心你在社交媒体上观看的内容。多看朋友圈上分享的个人消息和照片，少看新闻头条。
Seek out content that makes you happy to balance out your newsfeed. This may be images of cute kittens, beautiful landscapes, drool-worthy food videos or something else. You could even follow a social media account dedicated to sharing only happy and positive news.
第二，查阅推送信息时多看那些让你开心的内容，比如可爱的小猫、美丽的风景、令人垂涎欲滴的美食视频。你甚至可以关注一个专门分享快乐积极新闻的社交媒体账户。
Use social media to promote positivity and kindness. Sharing good things that are happening in your life can improve your mood, and your positive mood can spread to others. You may also like to compliment others on social media. While this might sound awkward, people will appreciate it more than you think.
第三，用社交媒体分享积极善意的内容。分享自己生活中的好事可以改善你的情绪，而你的积极情绪可以感染他人。你也可以在社交媒体上赞美他人，尽管这听起来有点别扭，但是人们比你想象的更喜欢赞美。
As the pandemic continues to alter our lives and newsfeeds, the study highlight the importance of being aware of the emotional toll negative news takes on us. But there are steps we can take to mitigate this toll and make our social media a happier place.
疫情继续改变着我们的生活，也改变了社交媒体推送的内容。这项研究凸显了意识到负面新闻有害心理健康的重要性。但是我们可以采取措施来减轻这一危害，让社交媒体变成更快乐的地方。
英文来源：The Conversation
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Picture this: you're between Zoom meetings, and scrolling through your social media newsfeed. Headlines like "Death toll continues to rise", "COVID-19 may cause long-term health implications" and "Health-care systems overwhelmed" flash across your screen. Your mood takes a dive, but you can't stop scrolling.
If this scenario rings true for you, you're not alone. Research shows people have a tendency to seek out information during uncertain times – it's a natural coping mechanism. But is persistent information-seeking on social media, sometimes called doomscrolling, helpful during a pandemic, or any time?
Research on the effects of bad news on mood suggest exposure to negative COVID news is likely to be detrimental to our emotional wellbeing.
For instance, one study conducted in March 2020 involving more than 6,000 Americans found that the more time participants spent consuming COVID news in a day, the unhappier they felt.
These findings are striking but leave a few key questions unanswered. Does doomscrolling make people unhappy, or are unhappy people just more likely to doomscroll? How much time spent doomscrolling is a problem? And what would happen if, instead of doomscrolling, we were "kindness scrolling" – reading about humanity's positive responses to a global crisis?
To find out, researchers conducted a study where they showed hundreds of people real-world content on either Twitter or YouTube for two to four minutes. The Twitter feeds and YouTube videos featured either general news about COVID, or news about kindness during COVID. Researchers then measured these participants' moods using a questionnaire, and compared their moods with participants who did not engage with any content at all.
People who were shown general COVID-related news experienced lower moods than people who were shown nothing at all. Meanwhile, people who were shown COVID news stories involving acts of kindness didn't experience the same decline in mood, but also didn't gain the boost in mood they'd predicted.
These findings suggest that spending as little as two to four minutes consuming negative news about COVID-19 can have a detrimental impact on our mood.
Although researchers didn't see an improvement in mood among participants who were shown positive news stories involving acts of kindness, this may be because the stories were still related to COVID. In other research, positive news stories have been associated with improvements in mood.
So what can we do to look after ourselves, and make our time on social media more pleasurable?
One option is to delete our social media accounts altogether. Figures show almost half of Facebook users in the UK and the US considered leaving the platform in 2020.
But how realistic is it to distance ourselves from platforms that connect nearly half of the world's population, particularly when these platforms offer social interactions at a time when face-to-face interactions can be risky, or impossible?
Given that avoidance might not be practical, here are some other ways to make your experience on social media more positive.
Be mindful of what you consume on social media. Focus on the personal news and photos shared instead of the latest headlines.
Seek out content that makes you happy to balance out your newsfeed. This may be images of cute kittens, beautiful landscapes, drool-worthy food videos or something else. You could even follow a social media account dedicated to sharing only happy and positive news.
Use social media to promote positivity and kindness. Sharing good things that are happening in your life can improve your mood, and your positive mood can spread to others. You may also like to compliment others on social media. While this might sound awkward, people will appreciate it more than you think.
As the pandemic continues to alter our lives and newsfeeds, the study highlight the importance of being aware of the emotional toll negative news takes on us. But there are steps we can take to mitigate this toll and make our social media a happier place. | 研究反复证实，社交媒体上的负面新闻看多了对人的精神健康有害无益。尽管如此，疫情期间想要“戒掉”社交媒体实在太难。怎样才能让自己开心地使用社交媒体？来看看科学家的解答。
想象一下这个画面：你刚开完一个视频会议，趁着空闲翻阅一下社交媒体推送的新闻。你的屏幕上闪过的标题都是“死亡率继续上升”、“新冠病毒可能会对健康产生长期危害”、“医疗系统不堪重负”之类的。你的心情骤然间变得低落，但是你仍忍不住翻阅的欲望。
如果这个场景曾发生在你身上，那么你不是孤身一人。研究发现，人们在充满不确定性的时期往往都会去寻找信息，这是本能的应对机制。但是在社交媒体上持续地搜寻信息（有时被称为末日刷刷刷）在疫情期间或其他时候真的有所助益吗？
此前曾研究过负面新闻对心情的影响，结果表明，负面的疫情新闻不利于精神健康。
举例而言，2020年3月开展的一项涵盖了6000多名美国人的研究发现，参与者在一天内用于浏览疫情新闻的时间越多，他们就越不开心。
这些研究结果令人震惊，但还是留下了几个悬而未决的关键问题。是末日刷刷刷让人不开心，还是不开心的人更爱末日刷刷刷？在末日刷刷刷上花多少时间会影响情绪？如果我们只看正面新闻（人们对全球危机的积极反应），不看负面新闻，会产生什么结果呢？
为此研究人员开展了一项研究，让数百人花2到4分钟观看推特或油管上的真实内容。推特消息和油管视频中展示的是普通的新冠新闻或疫情期间的善举。然后研究人员用问卷测量了参与者的情绪，并将他们的情绪与没有看任何内容的参与者相比。
和什么也没看的人相比，观看新冠相关普通新闻的人情绪更低落。与此同时，观看疫情期间善举新闻的人情绪没有变低落，但是也没有像预期的那样变开心。
这些研究结果显示，观看新冠相关负面新闻仅2到4分钟就会对我们的情绪产生有害影响。
尽管在这项研究中，观看正面善举新闻的参与者心情没有改善，但这可能是因为这些故事依然和新冠疫情有关。不过其他研究指出，正面的新闻故事可以改善情绪。
那么我们要怎么做才能呵护自己的情绪，并让我们的社交媒体时光更加快乐呢？
一种选择就是完全删除社交媒体账户。数据显示，2020年英国和美国近半数脸书用户曾考虑退出这一平台。
然而，远离这些与世界近一半人口相连的平台是不现实的，尤其是现在这个特殊时期，面对面互动有风险甚至不可能，而这些平台却能够提供社交互动。
考虑到避免社交媒体可能不现实，以下有其他几种方式可以让你的社交媒体经历变得更积极。
第一，留心你在社交媒体上观看的内容。多看朋友圈上分享的个人消息和照片，少看新闻头条。
第二，查阅推送信息时多看那些让你开心的内容，比如可爱的小猫、美丽的风景、令人垂涎欲滴的美食视频。你甚至可以关注一个专门分享快乐积极新闻的社交媒体账户。
第三，用社交媒体分享积极善意的内容。分享自己生活中的好事可以改善你的情绪，而你的积极情绪可以感染他人。你也可以在社交媒体上赞美他人，尽管这听起来有点别扭，但是人们比你想象的更喜欢赞美。
疫情继续改变着我们的生活，也改变了社交媒体推送的内容。这项研究凸显了意识到负面新闻有害心理健康的重要性。但是我们可以采取措施来减轻这一危害，让社交媒体变成更快乐的地方。
英文来源：The Conversation
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
美国总统拜登上台已十个月
但他的所作所为
跟特朗普本质上似乎没太大差别
Ten months since US president Joe Biden took office, there seems to be little difference between his policies and Trump’s.
对内种族歧视依然严重
前有弗洛伊德被跪杀
今有截瘫黑人被警察暴力执法
Inside the US, racial discrimination continues even after George Floyd’s death.
抗疫效果没有本质改观
死亡人数继续攀升
日增病例还是好几万
Infections increase by tens of thousands daily, with hundreds of deaths.
国债倒是继续增发
不管美国人民是否扛得下
Whether US people can pay them or not, US debts continue.
对外贸易继承特朗普衣钵
霸凌弱小
为利益不择手段
Trump liked trade bullying, while Biden does the same.
对中国自不必说
各种加强同盟
继续“遏制”政策
Both have tried to strengthen allies to contain China.
对所谓“盟友”也好不到哪去
只要有利益
甚至可以不顾信誉
And they both
have a bad attitude toward the US’
allies, treating them like servants.
还利用技术优势
把别国置于自己的监视下
With its technological advantages, the US has put everything under its
surveillance.
美国如此行事
还是冷战思维作祟
要从全世界抢劫
It is the Cold War mentality of the US that is behind all these and it’s to attempts to hijack the world.
但冷战过去三十年
世界早已变迁
陷在过去出不来
终究会坑了自己
But the world has changed much in 30 years since the end of Cold War. Time for the US to give up so as not to hurt itself and others.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | Ten months since US president Joe Biden took office, there seems to be little difference between his policies and Trump’s.
Inside the US, racial discrimination continues even after George Floyd’s death.
Infections increase by tens of thousands daily, with hundreds of deaths.
Whether US people can pay them or not, US debts continue.
Trump liked trade bullying, while Biden does the same.
Both have tried to strengthen allies to contain China.
And they both
have a bad attitude toward the US’
allies, treating them like servants.
With its technological advantages, the US has put everything under its
surveillance.
It is the Cold War mentality of the US that is behind all these and it’s to attempts to hijack the world.
But the world has changed much in 30 years since the end of Cold War. Time for the US to give up so as not to hurt itself and others. | 美国总统拜登上台已十个月
但他的所作所为
跟特朗普本质上似乎没太大差别
对内种族歧视依然严重
前有弗洛伊德被跪杀
今有截瘫黑人被警察暴力执法
抗疫效果没有本质改观
死亡人数继续攀升
日增病例还是好几万
国债倒是继续增发
不管美国人民是否扛得下
对外贸易继承特朗普衣钵
霸凌弱小
为利益不择手段
对中国自不必说
各种加强同盟
继续“遏制”政策
对所谓“盟友”也好不到哪去
只要有利益
甚至可以不顾信誉
还利用技术优势
把别国置于自己的监视下
美国如此行事
还是冷战思维作祟
要从全世界抢劫
但冷战过去三十年
世界早已变迁
陷在过去出不来
终究会坑了自己
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
日本东京决定从10月25日起全面解封，不再限制餐饮业营业时间，但预计“口罩生活”还将持续一段时间。由于很多人厌倦戴着口罩聚餐，东京一家酒店突发奇想，推出“灯笼聚餐”服务。
据日本媒体报道，这家酒店将向有需要的客人提供一个悬挂在天花板上的大灯笼，客人可在这个灯笼内就餐，以此降低新冠病毒通过飞沫传播的风险。
Photo: Hoshino Resorts
It’s called the lantern partition, and when you sit down at the table, you slide underneath it. While the top section is a traditionally styled chochin (Japanese paper lantern), part-way down it transitions to clear plastic, allowing you and your dining companions to remove your masks while you eat but still have a protective barrier that allows you to see one another, all without taking up any extra space on the table.
当你坐在桌边时，会被笼罩在“灯笼隔板”之下。隔板顶部是一个传统风格的提灯（日式纸灯笼），下半部分是透明塑料，这样你和用餐伙伴摘下口罩吃饭时仍然有保护屏障，你们可以看到对方，而不会占用桌子上的任何额外空间。
Photo: Hoshino Resorts
The partitions have recently been installed in the restaurant of Hoshinoya Tokyo, a luxury hotel in Tokyo’s Otemachi neighborhood that’s part of the Hoshino Resorts group. They’re not just called lantern partitions because of how they look, either, as the Hoshino group produced them in cooperation with Kojima Shoten, a Kyoto lantern craftsmen’s workshop that’s been in business since the Kansei years (1789-1801) of Japan’s Edo period.
近日，位于东京大手町地区的星野集团旗下豪华酒店虹夕诺雅·东京在其餐厅内安装了灯笼隔板。隔板的名字不仅源于它们的外观，更因为这些隔板是星野集团与京都灯笼匠人工坊Kojima Shoten合作生产的。这家工坊创立于日本江户时代宽政时期（1789-1801）。
Each lantern partition is 102 centimeters tall and 75 centimeters in diameter, with its own light source to keep your face and food illuminated.
每个灯笼隔板高102厘米，直径75厘米，带有独立光源，能照亮用餐者的脸和食物。
Photo: Hoshino Resorts
The partitions were added to Hoshinoya’s private banquet room on Wednesday, along with a Tokyo Lantern Banquet multi-course meal. Ordinarily, the restaurant is only open to people staying at the hotel, but for the Lantern Banquet they may invite outside guests to join them in this unique dining experience.
10月20日，虹夕诺雅·东京酒店的私人宴会厅安装了灯笼隔板，并推出了东京灯笼宴套餐。酒店餐厅通常只对住店客人开放，但酒店的灯笼宴可能会对非住店客人开放，邀请客人感受这一独特的用餐体验。
你觉得这个设计怎么样？
来源：Japan Today
编辑：董静 | Photo: Hoshino Resorts
It’s called the lantern partition, and when you sit down at the table, you slide underneath it. While the top section is a traditionally styled chochin (Japanese paper lantern), part-way down it transitions to clear plastic, allowing you and your dining companions to remove your masks while you eat but still have a protective barrier that allows you to see one another, all without taking up any extra space on the table.
Photo: Hoshino Resorts
The partitions have recently been installed in the restaurant of Hoshinoya Tokyo, a luxury hotel in Tokyo’s Otemachi neighborhood that’s part of the Hoshino Resorts group. They’re not just called lantern partitions because of how they look, either, as the Hoshino group produced them in cooperation with Kojima Shoten, a Kyoto lantern craftsmen’s workshop that’s been in business since the Kansei years (1789-1801) of Japan’s Edo period.
Each lantern partition is 102 centimeters tall and 75 centimeters in diameter, with its own light source to keep your face and food illuminated.
Photo: Hoshino Resorts
The partitions were added to Hoshinoya’s private banquet room on Wednesday, along with a Tokyo Lantern Banquet multi-course meal. Ordinarily, the restaurant is only open to people staying at the hotel, but for the Lantern Banquet they may invite outside guests to join them in this unique dining experience. | 日本东京决定从10月25日起全面解封，不再限制餐饮业营业时间，但预计“口罩生活”还将持续一段时间。由于很多人厌倦戴着口罩聚餐，东京一家酒店突发奇想，推出“灯笼聚餐”服务。
据日本媒体报道，这家酒店将向有需要的客人提供一个悬挂在天花板上的大灯笼，客人可在这个灯笼内就餐，以此降低新冠病毒通过飞沫传播的风险。
当你坐在桌边时，会被笼罩在“灯笼隔板”之下。隔板顶部是一个传统风格的提灯（日式纸灯笼），下半部分是透明塑料，这样你和用餐伙伴摘下口罩吃饭时仍然有保护屏障，你们可以看到对方，而不会占用桌子上的任何额外空间。
近日，位于东京大手町地区的星野集团旗下豪华酒店虹夕诺雅·东京在其餐厅内安装了灯笼隔板。隔板的名字不仅源于它们的外观，更因为这些隔板是星野集团与京都灯笼匠人工坊Kojima Shoten合作生产的。这家工坊创立于日本江户时代宽政时期（1789-1801）。
每个灯笼隔板高102厘米，直径75厘米，带有独立光源，能照亮用餐者的脸和食物。
10月20日，虹夕诺雅·东京酒店的私人宴会厅安装了灯笼隔板，并推出了东京灯笼宴套餐。酒店餐厅通常只对住店客人开放，但酒店的灯笼宴可能会对非住店客人开放，邀请客人感受这一独特的用餐体验。
你觉得这个设计怎么样？
来源：Japan Today
编辑：董静 |
尽管是线上线下同步上映，备受期待的科幻史诗大片《沙丘》上周末依然斩获了票房佳绩，创下了华纳兄弟公司疫情以来首周开画新高。
Credit:Warner Bros.
Denis Villeneuve's “Dune” debuted with $40.1m in ticket sales in its opening weekend in North America, drawing a large number of moviegoers to see the thundering sci-fi epic on the big screen despite it also being available to stream in homes.
丹尼斯·维伦纽瓦的《沙丘》在北美首周末开画创下了4010万美元（约合人民币2.6亿元）的票房。尽管这部电影在家里的流媒体平台上也能看，但这部科幻史诗大片还是吸引了大批观众前往影院。
Warner Bros. launched the Legendary Entertainment production simultaneously in theaters and on HBO Max. When the studio first charted that course for all its 2021 releases due to the pandemic, how the strategy would affect “Dune” — one of the year's most anticipated spectacles — was always one of the biggest question marks. Villeneuve vehemently protested the decision.
华纳兄弟公司在影院和HBO Max平台同时发布了这部传奇影业出品的电影。由于疫情的原因，华纳兄弟公司率先决定2021年所有新片都将在流媒体平台同步上映，这一策略对今年最受期待的电影之一《沙丘》会带来什么影响，一直是最大的问号之一。维伦纽瓦曾激烈地抗议过这一决定。
"I strongly believe the future of cinema will be on the big screen, no matter what any Wall Street dilettante says,” Villeneuve wrote in a lengthy statement to
Variety
last December.
维伦纽瓦去年12月在《综艺》杂志上发表的长篇声明中写道：“无论华尔街的那些业余人士说什么，我坚决认为电影的未来应该是在大屏幕上。”
dilettante [ˌdɪləˈtænti]: n. 业余爱好者；一知半解者
Warner Bros. has continued to maintain it will return to exclusive theatrical releases next year. For now, the $165m-budgeted “Dune” marks the best domestic opening for any of the studio's hybrid releases, surpassing the $31.7m debut of “Godzilla vs. Kong" in March.
华纳兄弟公司一直坚称，明年就会改为在影院独家上映。到目前为止，预算达1.65亿美元的《沙丘》创下了华纳兄弟公司采用线上线下同步上映方式以来的国内最佳开画成绩，超过了三月上映的《哥斯拉大战金刚》3170万美元的首周末票房。
“Once we get out of the pandemic, if we have a movie like this, clearly you'd want to go into theaters first. There's no question of that.” said Jeff Goldstein, distribution chief for Warner Bros.
华纳兄弟公司发行总监杰夫·戈德斯坦说：“一旦我们摆脱疫情，如果有一部这样的电影上映，显然你会想先去影院看。这是毫无疑问的。”
Goldstein estimated the film would have debuted with approximately 20% more in box office had it not also been streaming simultaneously. Coming into the weekend, “Dune,” which first premiered at the Venice Film Festival in early September, had already grossed $130m internationally. This weekend, it debuted with $21.6m in China.
据戈德斯坦估计，这部电影如果没有在流媒体平台同步上线，首周末票房还能多出20%左右。九月初在威尼斯电影节首映的《沙丘》已经在国内外狂揽1.3亿美元票房。在刚刚过去的这个周末，该片在中国首映创下2160万美元票房。
"Dune" is the second big-screen attempt to adapt Frank Herbert's 1965 epic, following David Lynch's much derided 1984 version. Villeneuve's “Dune,” which adapts only the first half of the book, stars Timothée Chalamet, Oscar Isaac, Rebecca Ferguson, Zendaya and Javier Bardem. Legendary and Warner Bros. have yet to confirm a sequel to “Dune”.
这部《沙丘》是第二次将弗兰克·赫伯特的1965年史诗原著改编成电影，早前大卫·林奇执导的1984版《沙丘》曾备受嘲讽。维伦纽瓦导演的这部《沙丘》只改编了原著的上半部，主演包括蒂莫西·柴勒梅德、奥斯卡·伊萨克、丽贝卡·弗格森、赞达亚和贾维尔·巴尔顿。传奇影业和华纳兄弟公司还未证实是否会拍摄《沙丘》续集。
Moviegoers gave “Dune” an A- Cinema Score and critics (83% on Rotten Tomatoes) have praised the operatic sweep and visual craft of Villeneuve's film. It fared particularly well on large-format screens, with IMAX accounting for about $9m in ticket sales.
维伦纽瓦的《沙丘》的影院观众评分为A-，烂番茄评分达到83%，影评人也称赞了该片的歌剧风格和视觉效果。该片在巨幕上的放映效果尤其出色，巨幕电影的票房收入约达900万美元。
"What I think Warner's strategy has proven is that movie fans, by and large, will choose the movie theater experience when given the choice — particularly for movies like this," said Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst for data firm Comscore. “This should be a very encouraging sign for theater owners. The allure of the movie theater remains whether a piece of content is available at home or not.”
数据公司康姆斯克的高级媒体分析师保罗·德加拉贝迪安说：“我认为华纳兄弟公司的策略证实了一点，就是总体来说影迷们在有选择的情况下还是会去影院观看，尤其是像这样的电影。这对于影院老板来说应该是非常鼓舞人心的信号。无论能否在家中观看到影片，电影院的吸引力依然存在。”
英文来源：美国广播公司新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Credit:Warner Bros.
Denis Villeneuve's “Dune” debuted with $40.1m in ticket sales in its opening weekend in North America, drawing a large number of moviegoers to see the thundering sci-fi epic on the big screen despite it also being available to stream in homes.
Warner Bros. launched the Legendary Entertainment production simultaneously in theaters and on HBO Max. When the studio first charted that course for all its 2021 releases due to the pandemic, how the strategy would affect “Dune” — one of the year's most anticipated spectacles — was always one of the biggest question marks. Villeneuve vehemently protested the decision.
"I strongly believe the future of cinema will be on the big screen, no matter what any Wall Street dilettante says,” Villeneuve wrote in a lengthy statement to
Variety
last December.
Warner Bros. has continued to maintain it will return to exclusive theatrical releases next year. For now, the $165m-budgeted “Dune” marks the best domestic opening for any of the studio's hybrid releases, surpassing the $31.7m debut of “Godzilla vs. Kong" in March.
“Once we get out of the pandemic, if we have a movie like this, clearly you'd want to go into theaters first. There's no question of that.” said Jeff Goldstein, distribution chief for Warner Bros.
Goldstein estimated the film would have debuted with approximately 20% more in box office had it not also been streaming simultaneously. Coming into the weekend, “Dune,” which first premiered at the Venice Film Festival in early September, had already grossed $130m internationally. This weekend, it debuted with $21.6m in China.
Moviegoers gave “Dune” an A- Cinema Score and critics (83% on Rotten Tomatoes) have praised the operatic sweep and visual craft of Villeneuve's film. It fared particularly well on large-format screens, with IMAX accounting for about $9m in ticket sales.
"What I think Warner's strategy has proven is that movie fans, by and large, will choose the movie theater experience when given the choice — particularly for movies like this," said Paul Dergarabedian, senior media analyst for data firm Comscore. “This should be a very encouraging sign for theater owners. The allure of the movie theater remains whether a piece of content is available at home or not.” | 尽管是线上线下同步上映，备受期待的科幻史诗大片《沙丘》上周末依然斩获了票房佳绩，创下了华纳兄弟公司疫情以来首周开画新高。
丹尼斯·维伦纽瓦的《沙丘》在北美首周末开画创下了4010万美元（约合人民币2.6亿元）的票房。尽管这部电影在家里的流媒体平台上也能看，但这部科幻史诗大片还是吸引了大批观众前往影院。
华纳兄弟公司在影院和HBO Max平台同时发布了这部传奇影业出品的电影。由于疫情的原因，华纳兄弟公司率先决定2021年所有新片都将在流媒体平台同步上映，这一策略对今年最受期待的电影之一《沙丘》会带来什么影响，一直是最大的问号之一。维伦纽瓦曾激烈地抗议过这一决定。
维伦纽瓦去年12月在《综艺》杂志上发表的长篇声明中写道：“无论华尔街的那些业余人士说什么，我坚决认为电影的未来应该是在大屏幕上。”
dilettante [ˌdɪləˈtænti]: n. 业余爱好者；一知半解者
华纳兄弟公司一直坚称，明年就会改为在影院独家上映。到目前为止，预算达1.65亿美元的《沙丘》创下了华纳兄弟公司采用线上线下同步上映方式以来的国内最佳开画成绩，超过了三月上映的《哥斯拉大战金刚》3170万美元的首周末票房。
华纳兄弟公司发行总监杰夫·戈德斯坦说：“一旦我们摆脱疫情，如果有一部这样的电影上映，显然你会想先去影院看。这是毫无疑问的。”
据戈德斯坦估计，这部电影如果没有在流媒体平台同步上线，首周末票房还能多出20%左右。九月初在威尼斯电影节首映的《沙丘》已经在国内外狂揽1.3亿美元票房。在刚刚过去的这个周末，该片在中国首映创下2160万美元票房。
"Dune" is the second big-screen attempt to adapt Frank Herbert's 1965 epic, following David Lynch's much derided 1984 version. Villeneuve's “Dune,” which adapts only the first half of the book, stars Timothée Chalamet, Oscar Isaac, Rebecca Ferguson, Zendaya and Javier Bardem. Legendary and Warner Bros. have yet to confirm a sequel to “Dune”.
这部《沙丘》是第二次将弗兰克·赫伯特的1965年史诗原著改编成电影，早前大卫·林奇执导的1984版《沙丘》曾备受嘲讽。维伦纽瓦导演的这部《沙丘》只改编了原著的上半部，主演包括蒂莫西·柴勒梅德、奥斯卡·伊萨克、丽贝卡·弗格森、赞达亚和贾维尔·巴尔顿。传奇影业和华纳兄弟公司还未证实是否会拍摄《沙丘》续集。
维伦纽瓦的《沙丘》的影院观众评分为A-，烂番茄评分达到83%，影评人也称赞了该片的歌剧风格和视觉效果。该片在巨幕上的放映效果尤其出色，巨幕电影的票房收入约达900万美元。
数据公司康姆斯克的高级媒体分析师保罗·德加拉贝迪安说：“我认为华纳兄弟公司的策略证实了一点，就是总体来说影迷们在有选择的情况下还是会去影院观看，尤其是像这样的电影。这对于影院老板来说应该是非常鼓舞人心的信号。无论能否在家中观看到影片，电影院的吸引力依然存在。”
英文来源：美国广播公司新闻网
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
你是否有这种经历，平时饱受失眠之苦，但一坐上摇摇晃晃的长途大巴、地铁或飞机就昏昏欲睡，忍不住打盹。不过，在公共交通工具上睡觉既不安全也不舒适。
最近，香港一家旅行社专为失眠人士打造了睡眠巴士之旅，这条旅游线路全程76公里，车程5小时，游客可以乘坐双层巴士在睡梦中环游香港。
“When we were brainstorming new tours, I saw a social media post from my friend saying that he was stressed out by his work, he couldn’t sleep at night,” said Kenneth Kong, the marketing and business development manager of ulu travel, the organizer of the bus tours.
睡眠巴士的组织者、ulu travel旅行社市场和业务发展经理肯尼思·顾表示：“我们一起讨论新的旅游项目时，我看到我朋友在社交媒体上发布的帖子，说他工作压力太大，晚上睡不着觉。”
“But when he was traveling on the bus, he was able to sleep well. His post inspired us to create this tour that lets passengers just sleep on the bus.”
“但在乘坐巴士时他就睡得很好。他的帖子给了我们灵感开设这个专门让乘客在车上睡觉的旅行项目。”
[Photo/Pexels]
Tickets cost between $13 to $51 per person, depending on whether they choose seats on the upper or lower deck. A goodie bag for passengers includes an eye-mask and ear plugs for better sleep.
睡眠巴士的单人票价在13美元到51美元（约83元到326元）之间，票价取决于座位在上层还是下层。旅行社会为乘客准备眼罩和耳塞，以便他们享受更优质的睡眠。
The first “Sleeping Bus Tour” last Saturday sold out entirely. Some passengers came prepared, bringing their own blankets and changing their shoes to slippers, while others brought travel pillows.
10月16日，“睡眠巴士之旅”首次开售车票就全部售罄。一些乘客有备而来，自己带着毯子，换上拖鞋，还有乘客带着旅行枕头。
“I have been suffering from insomnia so I am here to try and get some sleep,” said 25-year-old Anson Kong, one of the passengers on the first bus tour.
25岁的安森·顾是首趟“睡眠巴士之旅”的乘客，他说：“我一直失眠，所以来这里试着睡一觉。”
He said that the tour was a good idea and “more interesting” than he expected.
顾先生表示，这个点子不错，比他预期的“更有趣”。
On Saturday’s tour, the bus stopped so passengers could take photos at scenic spots on the city’s Lantau Island.
当天，睡眠巴士在行程中停车，以便乘客可以在香港大屿山的景点拍照。
Another passenger, Marco Yung, said that he joined the tour because he usually falls asleep on long-distance bus journeys, saying it was a “great opportunity” to get some sleep.
另一位乘客马可·翁说，参加这次旅行是因为自己常常在长途汽车旅行中睡着，他说这是一个“睡觉的好机会”。
[Photo/Pexels]
为什么一坐车就犯困？
游客们对这趟旅行的评价都十分满意，睡眠巴士似乎比卧室的大床更适合入睡。汽车座椅究竟有什么神奇的催眠魔力，为什么许多人一坐上车就容易犯困呢？Smart Sleeping Tips网站总结了几个原因：
1.White noise
白噪音
Cars and other vehicles are a perfect environment that produces white noise. It’s a consistent noise, like the hum of tires or the purring of the car. White noise masks distracting sounds, and is helpful for people who have trouble getting sleep.
汽车和其他车辆是产生白噪声的完美环境。它是一种始终如一的噪声，如轮胎的嗡嗡声或汽车的呜呜声。白噪音掩盖了分散注意力的声音，对睡眠困难的人很有帮助。
When you’re riding a vehicle, white noise is continuously emitted, making it easier for passengers to drift off to dreamland.
当乘客坐在车上时，白噪音会不断地释放出来，使人们更容易进入梦乡。
2.Rocking motion
摇晃
Another popular view as to why it’s easy to fall asleep in buses or trains is because of the rocking motion that’s similar to what lulled us to sleep when we were babies.
另一种流行的观点认为，在公共汽车或火车上很容易入睡是因为摇摆，这种摇摆类似于我们还是婴儿时被哄睡的动作。
However, it’s not the rocking movement, per se, that induces sleep. Rather, it’s the association between rocking and sleeping. If you were rocked to sleep as a baby, you’d have that association that when you experience a rocking motion, you go to sleep.
然而，并不是摇摆动作让人入睡，而是摇摆和睡眠之间的联系。如果你在婴儿时被摇晃着入睡，你就会把摇晃的动作和入睡联系起来。
3. Increase in carbon dioxide in public transportation
公共交通工具内的二氧化碳增加
Buses and trains get crowded everyday with people going to and from work. Carbon dioxide increases when there are lots of people in a small space. This reduces oxygen to the brain and slows it down.
公共汽车和火车每天都挤满了上下班的人。当一个狭小的空间里有很多人时，二氧化碳浓度就会增加。这会减少大脑中的氧气并让大脑变得迟缓。
你也会在车上打盹吗？
来源：《赫芬顿邮报》，Smart Sleeping Tips
编辑：董静 | “When we were brainstorming new tours, I saw a social media post from my friend saying that he was stressed out by his work, he couldn’t sleep at night,” said Kenneth Kong, the marketing and business development manager of ulu travel, the organizer of the bus tours.
“But when he was traveling on the bus, he was able to sleep well. His post inspired us to create this tour that lets passengers just sleep on the bus.”
[Photo/Pexels]
Tickets cost between $13 to $51 per person, depending on whether they choose seats on the upper or lower deck. A goodie bag for passengers includes an eye-mask and ear plugs for better sleep.
The first “Sleeping Bus Tour” last Saturday sold out entirely. Some passengers came prepared, bringing their own blankets and changing their shoes to slippers, while others brought travel pillows.
“I have been suffering from insomnia so I am here to try and get some sleep,” said 25-year-old Anson Kong, one of the passengers on the first bus tour.
He said that the tour was a good idea and “more interesting” than he expected.
On Saturday’s tour, the bus stopped so passengers could take photos at scenic spots on the city’s Lantau Island.
Another passenger, Marco Yung, said that he joined the tour because he usually falls asleep on long-distance bus journeys, saying it was a “great opportunity” to get some sleep.
[Photo/Pexels]
1.White noise
Cars and other vehicles are a perfect environment that produces white noise. It’s a consistent noise, like the hum of tires or the purring of the car. White noise masks distracting sounds, and is helpful for people who have trouble getting sleep.
When you’re riding a vehicle, white noise is continuously emitted, making it easier for passengers to drift off to dreamland.
2.Rocking motion
Another popular view as to why it’s easy to fall asleep in buses or trains is because of the rocking motion that’s similar to what lulled us to sleep when we were babies.
However, it’s not the rocking movement, per se, that induces sleep. Rather, it’s the association between rocking and sleeping. If you were rocked to sleep as a baby, you’d have that association that when you experience a rocking motion, you go to sleep.
3. Increase in carbon dioxide in public transportation
Buses and trains get crowded everyday with people going to and from work. Carbon dioxide increases when there are lots of people in a small space. This reduces oxygen to the brain and slows it down. | 你是否有这种经历，平时饱受失眠之苦，但一坐上摇摇晃晃的长途大巴、地铁或飞机就昏昏欲睡，忍不住打盹。不过，在公共交通工具上睡觉既不安全也不舒适。
最近，香港一家旅行社专为失眠人士打造了睡眠巴士之旅，这条旅游线路全程76公里，车程5小时，游客可以乘坐双层巴士在睡梦中环游香港。
睡眠巴士的组织者、ulu travel旅行社市场和业务发展经理肯尼思·顾表示：“我们一起讨论新的旅游项目时，我看到我朋友在社交媒体上发布的帖子，说他工作压力太大，晚上睡不着觉。”
“但在乘坐巴士时他就睡得很好。他的帖子给了我们灵感开设这个专门让乘客在车上睡觉的旅行项目。”
睡眠巴士的单人票价在13美元到51美元（约83元到326元）之间，票价取决于座位在上层还是下层。旅行社会为乘客准备眼罩和耳塞，以便他们享受更优质的睡眠。
10月16日，“睡眠巴士之旅”首次开售车票就全部售罄。一些乘客有备而来，自己带着毯子，换上拖鞋，还有乘客带着旅行枕头。
25岁的安森·顾是首趟“睡眠巴士之旅”的乘客，他说：“我一直失眠，所以来这里试着睡一觉。”
顾先生表示，这个点子不错，比他预期的“更有趣”。
当天，睡眠巴士在行程中停车，以便乘客可以在香港大屿山的景点拍照。
另一位乘客马可·翁说，参加这次旅行是因为自己常常在长途汽车旅行中睡着，他说这是一个“睡觉的好机会”。
为什么一坐车就犯困？
游客们对这趟旅行的评价都十分满意，睡眠巴士似乎比卧室的大床更适合入睡。汽车座椅究竟有什么神奇的催眠魔力，为什么许多人一坐上车就容易犯困呢？Smart Sleeping Tips网站总结了几个原因：
白噪音
汽车和其他车辆是产生白噪声的完美环境。它是一种始终如一的噪声，如轮胎的嗡嗡声或汽车的呜呜声。白噪音掩盖了分散注意力的声音，对睡眠困难的人很有帮助。
当乘客坐在车上时，白噪音会不断地释放出来，使人们更容易进入梦乡。
摇晃
另一种流行的观点认为，在公共汽车或火车上很容易入睡是因为摇摆，这种摇摆类似于我们还是婴儿时被哄睡的动作。
然而，并不是摇摆动作让人入睡，而是摇摆和睡眠之间的联系。如果你在婴儿时被摇晃着入睡，你就会把摇晃的动作和入睡联系起来。
公共交通工具内的二氧化碳增加
公共汽车和火车每天都挤满了上下班的人。当一个狭小的空间里有很多人时，二氧化碳浓度就会增加。这会减少大脑中的氧气并让大脑变得迟缓。
你也会在车上打盹吗？
来源：《赫芬顿邮报》，Smart Sleeping Tips
编辑：董静 |
近日，武汉大学名为《恋爱心理学》的讲座爆火，小小的课堂装不下同学们对知识（恋爱）的向往。
来晚的同学一度爬上窗台、蹲在过道、挤满教室门口，“我排着队，拿着爱的号码牌”……一起感受这场沉浸式谈恋爱：
A lecture on love has become wildly popular in Wuhan University recently, with photos of the packed class circulating widely on social media — students were seen huddling at windows and forming long lines for the talk of the campus.
“这是对爱情的渴望”
这场引爆全场的讲座由武汉大学哲学学院心理学系教授喻丰授课，他平时经常做积极心理学研究，由于“大学生日常生活中也会很关心爱情”，所以把爱情心理学搬到了课堂上。
"The Beauty of Love", presented by Professor Yu Feng from the School of Philosophy, ignited students' passion for knowledge by applying psychology to the practice of intimate relations.
喻丰老师表示，同学们意外高涨的热情让他感到惊喜，“
这是对恋爱的渴望，是对心理学知识的渴求
，当然也是对我个人的鼓励”。
"The popularity of the class reflects students' longing for love and eagerness for psychological knowledge," said Yu. "For me, it's also a form of personal encouragement."
看到听课场面如此火爆，武汉大学再三提醒：知识虽好，但也要注意安全！
如何谈一场健康的恋爱
“希望大家谈一场健康的恋爱，开始并且保持一段积极的关系”，是喻丰老师开设讲座的初衷。
The purpose of the class is to help college students understand what goes behind a healthy, romantic relationship.
讲座以爱情心理学的基本理论为主，结合谈恋爱的过程——寻找对象、开始、结束或者保持等，一层层地揭开“爱情”的神秘面纱。
具体为：“
爱是什么
”，走近不同类型的爱情；“
为何要爱
”，从生理和心理两个维度注释爱意的萌生；“
为何会爱
”，一起探究彼此吸引的不唯一法则；“
如何去爱
”，辨别、追求、保持、分手，让“积极”贯穿相恋的全程。
Based on psychological theory, the lecture aims to answer important questions about love — what it is, why it occurs and how to go about it, in a progressive manner.
据武汉大学微信公众号介绍，喻丰老师把健康的恋爱关系定义为“两人都能照顾到对方而不是自私的，都为自己和对方的二元关系考虑，有亲密的感觉又有互相的承诺，还能一直保有最初的感觉”。
According to the university's official WeChat account, Yu's definition of healthy love is selfless interaction between the couple; with both sides enjoying and maintaining intimate feelings in line with mutual commitment, unlike the fading of an initial crush.
真正的爱意不是纯粹的感性，“它不应该是基于廉价感动进行冲动选择后的认知失调。某种程度上，爱也是互相适应、互相迁就、互相妥协，它是相互成全而非一味付出或者收获”。
True love, however, isn't cognitive dissonance as a result of being emotionally moved. In some ways, it should involve two-way adaptation, compromise and achievement.
针对同学们的恋爱困惑，喻老师也提出了一些“防病”小妙招（tips on how to eschew a toxic relationship），帮助大家收获甜甜的爱情。
❶ 识别和拒绝消极关系，拒绝PUA！
Stay away from gaslighting, or being manipulated by your counterpart
❷ 保持相互之间的了解，要保持通畅而有实质性的沟通
Keep effective communication to know more about your loved one
❸ 扩大社交圈，寻找真正让你心动的人
Extend your social circle to find your real love
有幸挤进了课堂的同学们表示，听完课想谈恋爱了，不少网友更是纷纷“催更”，预约下一期。
"In addition to lecturing on theories, he uses lively cases and plenty of visual tools. I like his course more than other professors' classes."
除了会用幽默风趣的语气讲解恋爱心理学知识外，也会穿插有趣好笑的例子和GIF动图，比平时上的课有趣多了！
部分同学课后也开启了深刻的思考……
"I've learned to understand love in a different mindset. Most people perceive love via their feelings, but his class told us to approach it through psychology. The most important thing for lovers is to seek common ground because it can raise their level of communication."
从不一样的角度去看待爱情问题。大部分人在日常生活中对爱的感知就是情绪上的感受与思维上的考量，但是当我们从学术化的角度对情形进行分析的时候，从心理学角度去看待感性的爱情，我们已经是理论中人了。
目前，全国多所高校已开设“恋爱心理”相关课程，并受到学生们追捧。对感情和性的认识不能仅停留在生理卫生知识层面，用科学理性的方式打开一段亲密关系，你准备好了吗？
来源：中国日报双语新闻微信公众号、武汉大学微信公众号、中国青年报
编辑：焦洁、陈月华、丹妮 | A lecture on love has become wildly popular in Wuhan University recently, with photos of the packed class circulating widely on social media — students were seen huddling at windows and forming long lines for the talk of the campus.
"The Beauty of Love", presented by Professor Yu Feng from the School of Philosophy, ignited students' passion for knowledge by applying psychology to the practice of intimate relations.
"The popularity of the class reflects students' longing for love and eagerness for psychological knowledge," said Yu. "For me, it's also a form of personal encouragement."
The purpose of the class is to help college students understand what goes behind a healthy, romantic relationship.
Based on psychological theory, the lecture aims to answer important questions about love — what it is, why it occurs and how to go about it, in a progressive manner.
According to the university's official WeChat account, Yu's definition of healthy love is selfless interaction between the couple; with both sides enjoying and maintaining intimate feelings in line with mutual commitment, unlike the fading of an initial crush.
True love, however, isn't cognitive dissonance as a result of being emotionally moved. In some ways, it should involve two-way adaptation, compromise and achievement.
Stay away from gaslighting, or being manipulated by your counterpart
Keep effective communication to know more about your loved one
Extend your social circle to find your real love
"In addition to lecturing on theories, he uses lively cases and plenty of visual tools. I like his course more than other professors' classes."
"I've learned to understand love in a different mindset. Most people perceive love via their feelings, but his class told us to approach it through psychology. The most important thing for lovers is to seek common ground because it can raise their level of communication." | 近日，武汉大学名为《恋爱心理学》的讲座爆火，小小的课堂装不下同学们对知识（恋爱）的向往。
来晚的同学一度爬上窗台、蹲在过道、挤满教室门口，“我排着队，拿着爱的号码牌”……一起感受这场沉浸式谈恋爱：
“这是对爱情的渴望”
这场引爆全场的讲座由武汉大学哲学学院心理学系教授喻丰授课，他平时经常做积极心理学研究，由于“大学生日常生活中也会很关心爱情”，所以把爱情心理学搬到了课堂上。
喻丰老师表示，同学们意外高涨的热情让他感到惊喜，“
这是对恋爱的渴望，是对心理学知识的渴求
，当然也是对我个人的鼓励”。
看到听课场面如此火爆，武汉大学再三提醒：知识虽好，但也要注意安全！
如何谈一场健康的恋爱
“希望大家谈一场健康的恋爱，开始并且保持一段积极的关系”，是喻丰老师开设讲座的初衷。
讲座以爱情心理学的基本理论为主，结合谈恋爱的过程——寻找对象、开始、结束或者保持等，一层层地揭开“爱情”的神秘面纱。
具体为：“
爱是什么
”，走近不同类型的爱情；“
为何要爱
”，从生理和心理两个维度注释爱意的萌生；“
为何会爱
”，一起探究彼此吸引的不唯一法则；“
如何去爱
”，辨别、追求、保持、分手，让“积极”贯穿相恋的全程。
据武汉大学微信公众号介绍，喻丰老师把健康的恋爱关系定义为“两人都能照顾到对方而不是自私的，都为自己和对方的二元关系考虑，有亲密的感觉又有互相的承诺，还能一直保有最初的感觉”。
真正的爱意不是纯粹的感性，“它不应该是基于廉价感动进行冲动选择后的认知失调。某种程度上，爱也是互相适应、互相迁就、互相妥协，它是相互成全而非一味付出或者收获”。
针对同学们的恋爱困惑，喻老师也提出了一些“防病”小妙招（tips on how to eschew a toxic relationship），帮助大家收获甜甜的爱情。
❶ 识别和拒绝消极关系，拒绝PUA！
❷ 保持相互之间的了解，要保持通畅而有实质性的沟通
❸ 扩大社交圈，寻找真正让你心动的人
有幸挤进了课堂的同学们表示，听完课想谈恋爱了，不少网友更是纷纷“催更”，预约下一期。
除了会用幽默风趣的语气讲解恋爱心理学知识外，也会穿插有趣好笑的例子和GIF动图，比平时上的课有趣多了！
部分同学课后也开启了深刻的思考……
从不一样的角度去看待爱情问题。大部分人在日常生活中对爱的感知就是情绪上的感受与思维上的考量，但是当我们从学术化的角度对情形进行分析的时候，从心理学角度去看待感性的爱情，我们已经是理论中人了。
目前，全国多所高校已开设“恋爱心理”相关课程，并受到学生们追捧。对感情和性的认识不能仅停留在生理卫生知识层面，用科学理性的方式打开一段亲密关系，你准备好了吗？
来源：中国日报双语新闻微信公众号、武汉大学微信公众号、中国青年报
编辑：焦洁、陈月华、丹妮 |
25岁被重庆大学作为人才引进，直接聘为正高/博导岗位，入职半年实现学院顶级国际学术会议论文零的突破……近日，重庆大学计算机学院“95后”博导冯磊在网络上引发关注。
Feng Lei, who holds a PhD degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, surprised many by landing a job as a doctoral supervisor at Chongqing University at the young age of 25.
冯磊拥有南洋理工大学计算机科学与工程博士学位，25岁就在重庆大学做博士生导师，这让很多人感到惊讶。
根据重庆大学计算机学院官方网站7月发布的文章《计算机学院“95后”弘深青年学者冯磊再创新纪录》显示，冯磊撰写的论文《Pointwise Binary Classification with Pairwise Confidence Comparisons》在第38届国际机器学习会议（CCF A类）上发表。
该学院表示，这是机器学习领域公认的顶级国际学术会议，在学术界享有极高的声誉。这也是重庆大学计算机学院首次以第一单位在该会议上发表学术论文，实现了零的突破。该论文的第一作者与通讯作者均为冯磊。
Feng's paper "Pointwise Binary Classification with Pairwise Confidence Comparisons" was published at the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning, a groundbreaking advancement of his affiliated college of Computer Science, according to the official Wechat account of Chongqing University.
据重庆大学官方微信称，冯磊的论文《Pointwise Binary Classification with Pairwise Confidence Comparisons》发表在第38届国际机器学习会议上，这是他所属计算机科学学院的一项突破性进展。
The conference is a top international academic event in the field of machine learning and enjoys a high reputation in academia.
该会议是机器学习领域的顶级国际学术会议，在学术界享有极高的声誉。
重庆大学官网显示，冯磊出生于1995年4月，博士毕业（直博并提前毕业）于新加坡南洋理工大学，今年年初被重庆大学作为人才引进，直接聘为正高/博导岗位，入职时仅25岁。这是重庆大学计算机学院目前年龄最小的引进人才，也是该学院有史以来首次直接给应届博士毕业生正高/博导岗位。
Feng Lei is the youngest talent introduced to the College of Computer Science of Chongqing University.
冯磊是重庆大学计算机学院引进的最年轻的人才。
冯磊的主要研究方向为机器学习、数据挖掘、人工智能。近三年来，已在ICML、NeurIPS、KDD、CVPR、AAAI、IJCAI等国际顶级（CCF A类）会议与中科院一区期刊上以第一作者或通讯作者发表论文十余篇。在学术服务方面，担任IJCAI 2021高级程序委员会委员，ICML 2021专家审稿人，以及其他国际顶级（CCF A类）会议的程序委员会委员/审稿人，并受邀担任多个国际知名期刊审稿人。
另外，在重庆大学计算机学院官网冯磊的个人页面，冯磊专门标注了一段文字：本课题组研究经费充足，与国内外著名高校和研究机构有紧密的合作，欢迎青年老师和有意从事学术研究的博士后博士生硕士生加入（或访问）本课题组。
Feng called on young teachers and students who are interested in academic research to join his research team, adding that the team provides sufficient funds and is closely working with renowned universities and institutions at home and abroad.
冯磊呼吁对学术研究感兴趣的年轻教师和学生加入他的研究团队，并补充说，他的团队拥有充足的研究资金，并与国内外知名大学和机构密切合作。
看到这里是不是蠢蠢欲动了？
不过目前，冯磊在官网温馨提示：2022年秋季入学的博士硕士研究生招生名额已满，谢谢各位同学的热情，请勿再邮件联系我了。此外，他还向大家推荐了其他几位导师。
网友纷纷留下羡慕的泪水：这就是别人家的25岁吗！
近年来，像冯磊一样的“90后”甚至“95后”青年学者们不断发力，活跃在学术舞台。凭借着优异的科研、学术履历，他们正成为高校教学和科研的新生力量。
编辑：李金昳 陈月华
实习生：张媛
来源：人民日报 中国青年报 重庆大学微信公众号 | Feng Lei, who holds a PhD degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, surprised many by landing a job as a doctoral supervisor at Chongqing University at the young age of 25.
Feng's paper "Pointwise Binary Classification with Pairwise Confidence Comparisons" was published at the 38th International Conference on Machine Learning, a groundbreaking advancement of his affiliated college of Computer Science, according to the official Wechat account of Chongqing University.
The conference is a top international academic event in the field of machine learning and enjoys a high reputation in academia.
Feng Lei is the youngest talent introduced to the College of Computer Science of Chongqing University.
Feng called on young teachers and students who are interested in academic research to join his research team, adding that the team provides sufficient funds and is closely working with renowned universities and institutions at home and abroad. | 25岁被重庆大学作为人才引进，直接聘为正高/博导岗位，入职半年实现学院顶级国际学术会议论文零的突破……近日，重庆大学计算机学院“95后”博导冯磊在网络上引发关注。
冯磊拥有南洋理工大学计算机科学与工程博士学位，25岁就在重庆大学做博士生导师，这让很多人感到惊讶。
根据重庆大学计算机学院官方网站7月发布的文章《计算机学院“95后”弘深青年学者冯磊再创新纪录》显示，冯磊撰写的论文《Pointwise Binary Classification with Pairwise Confidence Comparisons》在第38届国际机器学习会议（CCF A类）上发表。
该学院表示，这是机器学习领域公认的顶级国际学术会议，在学术界享有极高的声誉。这也是重庆大学计算机学院首次以第一单位在该会议上发表学术论文，实现了零的突破。该论文的第一作者与通讯作者均为冯磊。
据重庆大学官方微信称，冯磊的论文《Pointwise Binary Classification with Pairwise Confidence Comparisons》发表在第38届国际机器学习会议上，这是他所属计算机科学学院的一项突破性进展。
该会议是机器学习领域的顶级国际学术会议，在学术界享有极高的声誉。
重庆大学官网显示，冯磊出生于1995年4月，博士毕业（直博并提前毕业）于新加坡南洋理工大学，今年年初被重庆大学作为人才引进，直接聘为正高/博导岗位，入职时仅25岁。这是重庆大学计算机学院目前年龄最小的引进人才，也是该学院有史以来首次直接给应届博士毕业生正高/博导岗位。
冯磊是重庆大学计算机学院引进的最年轻的人才。
冯磊的主要研究方向为机器学习、数据挖掘、人工智能。近三年来，已在ICML、NeurIPS、KDD、CVPR、AAAI、IJCAI等国际顶级（CCF A类）会议与中科院一区期刊上以第一作者或通讯作者发表论文十余篇。在学术服务方面，担任IJCAI 2021高级程序委员会委员，ICML 2021专家审稿人，以及其他国际顶级（CCF A类）会议的程序委员会委员/审稿人，并受邀担任多个国际知名期刊审稿人。
另外，在重庆大学计算机学院官网冯磊的个人页面，冯磊专门标注了一段文字：本课题组研究经费充足，与国内外著名高校和研究机构有紧密的合作，欢迎青年老师和有意从事学术研究的博士后博士生硕士生加入（或访问）本课题组。
冯磊呼吁对学术研究感兴趣的年轻教师和学生加入他的研究团队，并补充说，他的团队拥有充足的研究资金，并与国内外知名大学和机构密切合作。
看到这里是不是蠢蠢欲动了？
不过目前，冯磊在官网温馨提示：2022年秋季入学的博士硕士研究生招生名额已满，谢谢各位同学的热情，请勿再邮件联系我了。此外，他还向大家推荐了其他几位导师。
网友纷纷留下羡慕的泪水：这就是别人家的25岁吗！
近年来，像冯磊一样的“90后”甚至“95后”青年学者们不断发力，活跃在学术舞台。凭借着优异的科研、学术履历，他们正成为高校教学和科研的新生力量。
编辑：李金昳 陈月华
实习生：张媛
来源：人民日报 中国青年报 重庆大学微信公众号 |
虽然酒后不能开车，但是酿酒副产品却能转化为汽车燃料。苏格兰一家生物科技公司运用威士忌酿造过程中留下的麦渣和酒糟生产出了可持续的新燃料，让酒和车这对冤家也可以愉快地合作。
Single malt whisky is seen in Edinburgh, Scotland May 2, 2014. REUTERS/Suzanne Plunkett
A Scottish biotech company has found a way of turning on its head the adage that drinking and driving should never mix – by developing a fuel for cars that uses the by-products of whisky-making.
饮酒和驾车不能并行，但是苏格兰一家生物科技公司却颠覆了这句格言，用酿造威士忌酒的副产品为汽车研发出了一种新燃料。
Scotland's national tipple comprises barley, yeast and water, and the manufacturing process leaves behind spent grains, known as draff, and a sugary liquid called pot ale.
苏格兰威士忌的原料包括大麦、酵母和水，酿造过程中会留下大麦残渣和酒糟。
This waste is often used as an animal feed or even pumped into the sea, but it can also be converted to produce acetone, butanol and ethanol - chemicals used in everything from fuel and food production to medicine and cosmetics.
这些废料通常被用作动物饲料或倾倒入海洋，但是也可以转化为丙酮、丁醇和乙醇，这些化学物质可以用于生产燃料、食品、药品、以及化妆品等各类东西。
"We can take residues from industries such as the whisky industry and convert them into high-value products, namely butanol, which is actually being used to power this car," company owner Martin Tangney said.
公司老板马丁·坦尼说：“我们可以将威士忌酿造业等产业的废料转化为高价值产品，比如能给汽车提供动力的丁醇。”
"We bring sustainability to an iconic industry."
他说：“我们让一个标志性产业的发展有了可持续性。”
The company's demonstration plant in Grangemouth can produce 1 million litres of sustainable biochemicals from 50,000 tons of draff and pot ale and other raw materials.
该公司位于格兰杰默斯的示范工厂可以用5万吨麦渣、酒糟和其他原材料生产出100万公升可持续生化制品。
It plans to build five large-scale refineries worldwide in the next five years, and is calling for backing from governments and other investors.
未来五年该公司计划在世界各地建造5家大型提炼厂，并希望得到各国政府和其他投资商的支持。
英文来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Single malt whisky is seen in Edinburgh, Scotland May 2, 2014. REUTERS/Suzanne Plunkett
A Scottish biotech company has found a way of turning on its head the adage that drinking and driving should never mix – by developing a fuel for cars that uses the by-products of whisky-making.
Scotland's national tipple comprises barley, yeast and water, and the manufacturing process leaves behind spent grains, known as draff, and a sugary liquid called pot ale.
This waste is often used as an animal feed or even pumped into the sea, but it can also be converted to produce acetone, butanol and ethanol - chemicals used in everything from fuel and food production to medicine and cosmetics.
"We can take residues from industries such as the whisky industry and convert them into high-value products, namely butanol, which is actually being used to power this car," company owner Martin Tangney said.
"We bring sustainability to an iconic industry."
The company's demonstration plant in Grangemouth can produce 1 million litres of sustainable biochemicals from 50,000 tons of draff and pot ale and other raw materials.
It plans to build five large-scale refineries worldwide in the next five years, and is calling for backing from governments and other investors. | 虽然酒后不能开车，但是酿酒副产品却能转化为汽车燃料。苏格兰一家生物科技公司运用威士忌酿造过程中留下的麦渣和酒糟生产出了可持续的新燃料，让酒和车这对冤家也可以愉快地合作。
饮酒和驾车不能并行，但是苏格兰一家生物科技公司却颠覆了这句格言，用酿造威士忌酒的副产品为汽车研发出了一种新燃料。
苏格兰威士忌的原料包括大麦、酵母和水，酿造过程中会留下大麦残渣和酒糟。
这些废料通常被用作动物饲料或倾倒入海洋，但是也可以转化为丙酮、丁醇和乙醇，这些化学物质可以用于生产燃料、食品、药品、以及化妆品等各类东西。
公司老板马丁·坦尼说：“我们可以将威士忌酿造业等产业的废料转化为高价值产品，比如能给汽车提供动力的丁醇。”
他说：“我们让一个标志性产业的发展有了可持续性。”
该公司位于格兰杰默斯的示范工厂可以用5万吨麦渣、酒糟和其他原材料生产出100万公升可持续生化制品。
未来五年该公司计划在世界各地建造5家大型提炼厂，并希望得到各国政府和其他投资商的支持。
英文来源：路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
咖啡是许多上班族必备的提神饮品，而对于意大利艺术家茱莉亚·贝尔纳德利来说，咖啡不仅可以喝，还可以用来作画。
Some people are so incredibly talented that they can be artistically inspired by the most unexpected of things, such as spilled drinks. Case in point – Italian artist Giulia Bernardelli, whose amazing coffee art began as a mishap.
有些人非常有天赋，他们可以从意想不到的事情中获得艺术灵感，比如洒出来的饮品。意大利艺术家茱莉亚·贝尔纳德利就有这样的才华，她用咖啡创作出令人惊叹的艺术品，而这一切始于一场意外。
图源：Ins
One day, Giulia was drawing and having her coffee at the same time. At one point, she moved her hand too quickly and spilled her coffee all over the canvas, but the way the coffee stain spread inspired her to pick up the spoon and use it as a brush, to guide the brown liquid. And that’s how her journey into coffee art began. She got better and better at it, and today Giulia is regarded as one of the world’s best coffee artists.
一天，茱莉亚一边画画一边喝咖啡。她的手动得太快弄洒了咖啡，画布上泼满了咖啡，但咖啡污渍扩散的方式给了她灵感，她拿起勺子作画笔，勾画棕色的咖啡液。这就是茱莉亚用咖啡作画的开始。她的技艺越来越精湛，如今，茱莉亚是世界上公认的最好的咖啡艺术家之一。
图源：Ins
Born in 1987 in the city of Mantua, Giulia Bernardelli graduated at the Accademia of Fine Arts of Bologna with a bachelor’s degree in educational studies, but it was the above-mentioned coffee mishap that shaped her artistic career.
茱莉亚·贝尔纳德利1987年出生于曼图亚市，毕业于博洛尼亚美术学院，获得教育学学士学位，但正是上述经历开启了她的艺术生涯。
茱莉亚用咖啡液创作的米兰大教堂。图源：Ins
As for the things Giulia draws with coffee, she takes inspiration from a variety of things, such as famous artworks, architecture, or the human body.
用咖啡作画时，茱莉亚会从各种事物中获取灵感，比如著名的艺术品、建筑或人体。
茱莉亚的咖啡画在Instagram上一炮而红，她独特的创意和非凡的画技征服了无数网友。一起来欣赏这些神奇的艺术品吧！
茱莉亚用咖啡液绘制米开朗基罗的著名壁画《创世纪》。图源：Ins
用砂糖绘制的银河系。图源：Ins
图源：Ins
图源：Ins
图源：Ins
（点击下一页继续阅读） | Some people are so incredibly talented that they can be artistically inspired by the most unexpected of things, such as spilled drinks. Case in point – Italian artist Giulia Bernardelli, whose amazing coffee art began as a mishap.
One day, Giulia was drawing and having her coffee at the same time. At one point, she moved her hand too quickly and spilled her coffee all over the canvas, but the way the coffee stain spread inspired her to pick up the spoon and use it as a brush, to guide the brown liquid. And that’s how her journey into coffee art began. She got better and better at it, and today Giulia is regarded as one of the world’s best coffee artists.
Born in 1987 in the city of Mantua, Giulia Bernardelli graduated at the Accademia of Fine Arts of Bologna with a bachelor’s degree in educational studies, but it was the above-mentioned coffee mishap that shaped her artistic career.
As for the things Giulia draws with coffee, she takes inspiration from a variety of things, such as famous artworks, architecture, or the human body. | 咖啡是许多上班族必备的提神饮品，而对于意大利艺术家茱莉亚·贝尔纳德利来说，咖啡不仅可以喝，还可以用来作画。
有些人非常有天赋，他们可以从意想不到的事情中获得艺术灵感，比如洒出来的饮品。意大利艺术家茱莉亚·贝尔纳德利就有这样的才华，她用咖啡创作出令人惊叹的艺术品，而这一切始于一场意外。
图源：Ins
一天，茱莉亚一边画画一边喝咖啡。她的手动得太快弄洒了咖啡，画布上泼满了咖啡，但咖啡污渍扩散的方式给了她灵感，她拿起勺子作画笔，勾画棕色的咖啡液。这就是茱莉亚用咖啡作画的开始。她的技艺越来越精湛，如今，茱莉亚是世界上公认的最好的咖啡艺术家之一。
图源：Ins
茱莉亚·贝尔纳德利1987年出生于曼图亚市，毕业于博洛尼亚美术学院，获得教育学学士学位，但正是上述经历开启了她的艺术生涯。
茱莉亚用咖啡液创作的米兰大教堂。图源：Ins
用咖啡作画时，茱莉亚会从各种事物中获取灵感，比如著名的艺术品、建筑或人体。
茱莉亚的咖啡画在Instagram上一炮而红，她独特的创意和非凡的画技征服了无数网友。一起来欣赏这些神奇的艺术品吧！
茱莉亚用咖啡液绘制米开朗基罗的著名壁画《创世纪》。图源：Ins
用砂糖绘制的银河系。图源：Ins
图源：Ins
图源：Ins
图源：Ins
（点击下一页继续阅读） |
世界卫生组织表示，由于贫穷国家无法获得所需疫苗，新冠疫情很可能将持续到2022年末。目前非洲的疫苗接种率仅为5%，而其他大陆的疫苗接种率基本都达到了40%。
Vials labelled "AstraZeneca, Pfizer - Biontech, Johnson&Johnson, Sputnik V coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine" are seen in this illustration picture taken May 2, 2021. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic
The Covid pandemic will "go on for a year longer than it needs to" because poorer countries are not getting the vaccines they need, the World Health Organization (WHO) says.
世界卫生组织称，由于“贫穷国家未获得所需疫苗”，新冠疫情将“不可避免地拖长一年”。
Dr Bruce Aylward, senior leader at the WHO, said it meant the Covid crisis could "easily drag on deep into 2022".
世卫组织的高级官员布鲁斯·艾尔沃德博士称，这意味着新冠危机很可能“会持续至2022年末”。
Less than 5% of Africa's population have been vaccinated, compared to 40% on most other continents.
目前非洲只有不到5%的人口接种了疫苗，而其他大陆的疫苗接种率基本都达到了40%。
Dr Aylward appealed to wealthy countries to give up their places in the queue for vaccines in order that pharmaceutical companies can prioritise the lowest-income countries instead.
艾尔沃德博士呼吁富国放弃他们在疫苗等待队列中的位置，让制药公司可以优先向最贫穷国家供应疫苗。
He said wealthy countries needed to "stocktake" where they were with their donation commitments made at summits such as the G7 meeting in St Ives this summer.
他指出，富裕国家需要“盘点”自己在各个峰会上做出的捐赠承诺的兑现状况，比如今夏在圣艾夫斯召开的七国集团峰会上做出的承诺。
"I can tell you we're not on track," he said. "We really need to speed it up or you know what? This pandemic is going to go on for a year longer than it needs to."
他说：“我可以告诉你，我们的捐赠承诺没有很好兑现。我们真的需要加快速度，否则疫情将不可避免地再拖长一年。”
The People's Vaccine - an alliance of charities - has released new figures suggesting just one in seven of the doses promised by pharmaceutical companies and wealthy countries are actually reaching their destinations in poorer countries.
慈善机构联盟“人民的疫苗”发布的新数据显示，制药公司和富裕国家承诺捐赠的疫苗只有七分之一送达了贫困国家。
Screenshot from BBC
The vast majority of Covid vaccines have been given in high-income or upper middle-income countries. Africa accounts for just 2.6% of doses administered globally.
绝大多数新冠疫苗都给了高收入或中上收入国家。非洲接种的疫苗数量只占全球疫苗接种数量的2.6%。
The group of charities, which includes Oxfam and UNAids, also criticised Canada and the UK for procuring vaccines for their own populations via Covax, the UN-backed global programme to distribute vaccines fairly.
乐施会和联合国艾滋病规划署等慈善组织还批评加拿大和英国通过新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划为本国人口获取疫苗。联合国赞助的这一全球计划初衷是为了疫苗公平分配。
The original idea behind Covax was that all countries would be able to acquire vaccines from its pool, including wealthy ones. But most G7 countries decided to hold back once they started making their own one-to-one deals with pharmaceutical companies.
新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划的本意是让包括富裕国家在内的所有国家都能从疫苗库中获得疫苗。但是七国集团中的多数国家一旦和制药公司达成一对一协议后，却都隐瞒不报。
Oxfam's Global Health Adviser, Rohit Malpani, acknowledged that Canada and the UK were technically entitled to get vaccines via this route having paid into the Covax mechanism, but he said it was still "morally indefensible" given that they had both obtained millions of doses through their own bilateral agreements.
乐施会的全球卫生顾问罗希特·马帕尼承认，考虑到加拿大和英国对新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划机制的投入，从法律意义上来讲，这两个国家是有权通过这个渠道获取疫苗的。但是马帕尼表示，由于加拿大和英国已经通过各自的双边协议获取了数百万剂疫苗，这种行为“在道德上是站不住脚的”。
"They should not have been acquiring these doses from Covax," he said. "It's nothing better than double-dipping and means that poorer countries which are already at the back of the queue, will end up waiting longer."
他说：“他们本来就不该从新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划获取疫苗。这无异于是两头捞好处，同时也意味着本来就排在队尾的贫困国家将要等待得更久。”
Covax originally aimed to deliver two billion doses of vaccines by the end of this year, but so far it has shipped 371m doses.
新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划原本打算在今年年底前交付20亿剂疫苗，但到目前为止只运出了3.71亿剂疫苗。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | Vials labelled "AstraZeneca, Pfizer - Biontech, Johnson&Johnson, Sputnik V coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine" are seen in this illustration picture taken May 2, 2021. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic
The Covid pandemic will "go on for a year longer than it needs to" because poorer countries are not getting the vaccines they need, the World Health Organization (WHO) says.
Dr Bruce Aylward, senior leader at the WHO, said it meant the Covid crisis could "easily drag on deep into 2022".
Less than 5% of Africa's population have been vaccinated, compared to 40% on most other continents.
Dr Aylward appealed to wealthy countries to give up their places in the queue for vaccines in order that pharmaceutical companies can prioritise the lowest-income countries instead.
He said wealthy countries needed to "stocktake" where they were with their donation commitments made at summits such as the G7 meeting in St Ives this summer.
"I can tell you we're not on track," he said. "We really need to speed it up or you know what? This pandemic is going to go on for a year longer than it needs to."
The People's Vaccine - an alliance of charities - has released new figures suggesting just one in seven of the doses promised by pharmaceutical companies and wealthy countries are actually reaching their destinations in poorer countries.
Screenshot from BBC
The vast majority of Covid vaccines have been given in high-income or upper middle-income countries. Africa accounts for just 2.6% of doses administered globally.
The group of charities, which includes Oxfam and UNAids, also criticised Canada and the UK for procuring vaccines for their own populations via Covax, the UN-backed global programme to distribute vaccines fairly.
The original idea behind Covax was that all countries would be able to acquire vaccines from its pool, including wealthy ones. But most G7 countries decided to hold back once they started making their own one-to-one deals with pharmaceutical companies.
Oxfam's Global Health Adviser, Rohit Malpani, acknowledged that Canada and the UK were technically entitled to get vaccines via this route having paid into the Covax mechanism, but he said it was still "morally indefensible" given that they had both obtained millions of doses through their own bilateral agreements.
"They should not have been acquiring these doses from Covax," he said. "It's nothing better than double-dipping and means that poorer countries which are already at the back of the queue, will end up waiting longer."
Covax originally aimed to deliver two billion doses of vaccines by the end of this year, but so far it has shipped 371m doses. | 世界卫生组织表示，由于贫穷国家无法获得所需疫苗，新冠疫情很可能将持续到2022年末。目前非洲的疫苗接种率仅为5%，而其他大陆的疫苗接种率基本都达到了40%。
世界卫生组织称，由于“贫穷国家未获得所需疫苗”，新冠疫情将“不可避免地拖长一年”。
世卫组织的高级官员布鲁斯·艾尔沃德博士称，这意味着新冠危机很可能“会持续至2022年末”。
目前非洲只有不到5%的人口接种了疫苗，而其他大陆的疫苗接种率基本都达到了40%。
艾尔沃德博士呼吁富国放弃他们在疫苗等待队列中的位置，让制药公司可以优先向最贫穷国家供应疫苗。
他指出，富裕国家需要“盘点”自己在各个峰会上做出的捐赠承诺的兑现状况，比如今夏在圣艾夫斯召开的七国集团峰会上做出的承诺。
他说：“我可以告诉你，我们的捐赠承诺没有很好兑现。我们真的需要加快速度，否则疫情将不可避免地再拖长一年。”
慈善机构联盟“人民的疫苗”发布的新数据显示，制药公司和富裕国家承诺捐赠的疫苗只有七分之一送达了贫困国家。
绝大多数新冠疫苗都给了高收入或中上收入国家。非洲接种的疫苗数量只占全球疫苗接种数量的2.6%。
乐施会和联合国艾滋病规划署等慈善组织还批评加拿大和英国通过新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划为本国人口获取疫苗。联合国赞助的这一全球计划初衷是为了疫苗公平分配。
新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划的本意是让包括富裕国家在内的所有国家都能从疫苗库中获得疫苗。但是七国集团中的多数国家一旦和制药公司达成一对一协议后，却都隐瞒不报。
乐施会的全球卫生顾问罗希特·马帕尼承认，考虑到加拿大和英国对新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划机制的投入，从法律意义上来讲，这两个国家是有权通过这个渠道获取疫苗的。但是马帕尼表示，由于加拿大和英国已经通过各自的双边协议获取了数百万剂疫苗，这种行为“在道德上是站不住脚的”。
他说：“他们本来就不该从新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划获取疫苗。这无异于是两头捞好处，同时也意味着本来就排在队尾的贫困国家将要等待得更久。”
新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划原本打算在今年年底前交付20亿剂疫苗，但到目前为止只运出了3.71亿剂疫苗。
英文来源：BBC
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
美国说唱歌坎耶·韦斯特（中文昵称“侃爷”）申请改名为“Ye（耶）”获得洛杉矶法院批准。这意味着此后他的全名为Ye，没有姓氏和中间名。此前“侃爷”向法院提交申请，希望将他的全名从坎耶·奥马里·韦斯特（Kanye Omari West）改为Ye。
File photo: rapper Kayne West. [Photo/Agencies]
The singer Kanye West will from now on formally be known simply by the name Ye.
歌手坎耶·韦斯特从现在起将正式改名为Ye。
Judge Michelle Williams granted the change on Monday in a California courthouse, after the rapper filed a petition to change his name in August, documents seen by CNN confirm.
美国有线电视新闻网看到的文件证实，米歇尔·威廉姆斯法官10月18日在加州一法院批准了这一变更，“侃爷”在8月份提交了一份更改姓名的申请。
The musician hinted at the change as far back as 2018, when he released his studio album "Ye," and then several months later tweeted: "the being formally known as Kanye West. I am YE."
这位音乐人早在2018年就暗示了这一变化，当时他发行了自己的专辑《Ye》，几个月后他在推特上写道：“我是Ye，全名坎耶·韦斯特。”
In an interview shortly after the album’s release, he said “Ye” was a reference to a biblical term for “you.”
在专辑发行后不久的一次采访中，他说“Ye”指的是圣经中对“你”的称呼。
The rapper's name change is just one of several recent big shifts in his life: His wife, Kim Kardashian West, filed for divorce back in February after the pair, who share four young children, had reportedly been living apart for some time.
除了改名以外，“侃爷”生活中最近还发生了其他重大变故：他的妻子金·卡戴珊·韦斯特早在今年2月就提出了离婚申请，据报道，两人已经分居了一段时间，他们有四个年幼的孩子。
The musician also released his highly anticipated album "Donda" in August. It debuted at the top of Billboard's Top 200 albums chart, making him only the seventh artist to have 10 number 1 albums, according to Billboard.
他还于今年8月份发行了备受期待的专辑《Donda》。根据Billboard的统计，这张专辑一经发布就登上Billboard前200张专辑排行榜的榜首，使他成为第七位拥有10张冠军专辑的艺人。
来源：CNN，卫报
编辑：董静 | File photo: rapper Kayne West. [Photo/Agencies]
The singer Kanye West will from now on formally be known simply by the name Ye.
Judge Michelle Williams granted the change on Monday in a California courthouse, after the rapper filed a petition to change his name in August, documents seen by CNN confirm.
The musician hinted at the change as far back as 2018, when he released his studio album "Ye," and then several months later tweeted: "the being formally known as Kanye West. I am YE."
In an interview shortly after the album’s release, he said “Ye” was a reference to a biblical term for “you.”
The rapper's name change is just one of several recent big shifts in his life: His wife, Kim Kardashian West, filed for divorce back in February after the pair, who share four young children, had reportedly been living apart for some time.
The musician also released his highly anticipated album "Donda" in August. It debuted at the top of Billboard's Top 200 albums chart, making him only the seventh artist to have 10 number 1 albums, according to Billboard. | 美国说唱歌坎耶·韦斯特（中文昵称“侃爷”）申请改名为“Ye（耶）”获得洛杉矶法院批准。这意味着此后他的全名为Ye，没有姓氏和中间名。此前“侃爷”向法院提交申请，希望将他的全名从坎耶·奥马里·韦斯特（Kanye Omari West）改为Ye。
歌手坎耶·韦斯特从现在起将正式改名为Ye。
美国有线电视新闻网看到的文件证实，米歇尔·威廉姆斯法官10月18日在加州一法院批准了这一变更，“侃爷”在8月份提交了一份更改姓名的申请。
这位音乐人早在2018年就暗示了这一变化，当时他发行了自己的专辑《Ye》，几个月后他在推特上写道：“我是Ye，全名坎耶·韦斯特。”
在专辑发行后不久的一次采访中，他说“Ye”指的是圣经中对“你”的称呼。
除了改名以外，“侃爷”生活中最近还发生了其他重大变故：他的妻子金·卡戴珊·韦斯特早在今年2月就提出了离婚申请，据报道，两人已经分居了一段时间，他们有四个年幼的孩子。
他还于今年8月份发行了备受期待的专辑《Donda》。根据Billboard的统计，这张专辑一经发布就登上Billboard前200张专辑排行榜的榜首，使他成为第七位拥有10张冠军专辑的艺人。
来源：CNN，卫报
编辑：董静 |
印度南部喀拉拉邦连日暴雨引发洪灾，多地街道被洪水淹没，但是即使如此也阻挡不了一对新人结婚的脚步。因为不想错过吉时，他们“以锅为船”前往婚礼现场，二人坐锅出行的视频迅速在网上走红。
An Indian couple have arrived for their wedding in unusual style after sailing through the flooded streets of their town in a cooking pot after heavy rains wrecked havoc in the southern state of Kerala.
近日印度南部的喀拉拉邦暴雨成灾，由于所在城镇街道已经被洪水淹没，印度的一对新人只好乘坐一口大锅，以这种不同寻常的方式到达了婚礼现场。
Footage shared across social media showed the newlyweds squeezed inside the aluminium vessel while two men and a photographer paddled the pair down a submerged street.
社交媒体上流传的视频显示，这对新人挤在一口大铝锅里，两位男士和一名摄影师推着他们在洪水泛滥的街道上行进。
The couple reportedly borrowed the pot from a local temple, adding that it was “the only option” available at short notice, local news agency PTI reported.
据当地媒体印度报业托拉斯报道，这口大锅是新人从当地一个寺庙借来的，而且这是情急之下的“唯一选择”。
Undeterred by the flooding and landslides caused by heavy rains which killed at least 27 people across the state, the pair were unwilling to postpone their big day.
尽管暴雨引起的洪灾和滑坡已经导致该邦至少27人丧生，但这对新人无论如何也不想推迟婚期。
Footage later showed the bride and groom arriving safe and dry at a small partially flooded temple in Thalavady where they exchanged floral garlands, a tradition in many Hindu wedding ceremonies.
随后拍摄的视频显示，新郎和新娘已经平安干爽地到达塔拉瓦迪的一座被部分淹没的小寺庙。在那里他们交换了花环，这是许多印度婚礼的一项传统。
"It has turned into a wedding which we never imagined,” the bride told local news channel Asianet.
新娘告诉本地新闻频道亚洲网说：“这场婚礼完全超出了我们的想象。”
The pair were determined to go through with the ceremony despite the extreme weather.
尽管天气很恶劣，这对新人还是决心把婚礼进行到底。
"Should have booked a boat instead of a car …,” a man can be heard saying in the background of one video, Agence France-Presse reported.
据法新社报道，在一段视频中可以听到一名男子说：“早知道就应该租一艘船而不是一辆车……”
According to local media reports, husband and wife Akash and Aishwarya are both healthcare workers at a hospital in Chengannur.
当地媒体报道称，新郎阿卡什和新娘艾西瓦娅都是琴格阿恩努尔市一家医院的医务人员。
Heavy rainfall has caused serious flooding and deadly landslides across the state over the past four days. Rivers have overflowed and bridges and roads have been swept away - in some cases entire towns and villages have been cut off.
过去四天以来，暴雨已经导致喀拉拉邦各地发生严重的洪灾和致命的滑坡。泛滥的河水冲垮了桥梁，淹没了道路，一些城镇和村庄的交通甚至被完全切断。
The state government said it had evacuated thousands of people and set up over 100 relief camps.
该邦政府表示，已经疏散了数千名居民，并搭建了100多个救援营地。
Widespread rain, including isolated heavy downpours was expected to batter the region for the next two to three days from 20 October, the state government said on Monday. In 2018, flooding killed nearly 500 people in the worst floods to hit the state in almost a century.
该邦政府本周一（10月18日）预报称，10月20日起本地区的大范围降雨和局部强降雨将持续两到三天。2018年的那场世纪罕见的特大洪灾曾导致该邦近500人丧生。
英文来源：卫报、法新社、路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | An Indian couple have arrived for their wedding in unusual style after sailing through the flooded streets of their town in a cooking pot after heavy rains wrecked havoc in the southern state of Kerala.
Footage shared across social media showed the newlyweds squeezed inside the aluminium vessel while two men and a photographer paddled the pair down a submerged street.
The couple reportedly borrowed the pot from a local temple, adding that it was “the only option” available at short notice, local news agency PTI reported.
Undeterred by the flooding and landslides caused by heavy rains which killed at least 27 people across the state, the pair were unwilling to postpone their big day.
Footage later showed the bride and groom arriving safe and dry at a small partially flooded temple in Thalavady where they exchanged floral garlands, a tradition in many Hindu wedding ceremonies.
"It has turned into a wedding which we never imagined,” the bride told local news channel Asianet.
The pair were determined to go through with the ceremony despite the extreme weather.
"Should have booked a boat instead of a car …,” a man can be heard saying in the background of one video, Agence France-Presse reported.
According to local media reports, husband and wife Akash and Aishwarya are both healthcare workers at a hospital in Chengannur.
Heavy rainfall has caused serious flooding and deadly landslides across the state over the past four days. Rivers have overflowed and bridges and roads have been swept away - in some cases entire towns and villages have been cut off.
The state government said it had evacuated thousands of people and set up over 100 relief camps.
Widespread rain, including isolated heavy downpours was expected to batter the region for the next two to three days from 20 October, the state government said on Monday. In 2018, flooding killed nearly 500 people in the worst floods to hit the state in almost a century. | 印度南部喀拉拉邦连日暴雨引发洪灾，多地街道被洪水淹没，但是即使如此也阻挡不了一对新人结婚的脚步。因为不想错过吉时，他们“以锅为船”前往婚礼现场，二人坐锅出行的视频迅速在网上走红。
近日印度南部的喀拉拉邦暴雨成灾，由于所在城镇街道已经被洪水淹没，印度的一对新人只好乘坐一口大锅，以这种不同寻常的方式到达了婚礼现场。
社交媒体上流传的视频显示，这对新人挤在一口大铝锅里，两位男士和一名摄影师推着他们在洪水泛滥的街道上行进。
据当地媒体印度报业托拉斯报道，这口大锅是新人从当地一个寺庙借来的，而且这是情急之下的“唯一选择”。
尽管暴雨引起的洪灾和滑坡已经导致该邦至少27人丧生，但这对新人无论如何也不想推迟婚期。
随后拍摄的视频显示，新郎和新娘已经平安干爽地到达塔拉瓦迪的一座被部分淹没的小寺庙。在那里他们交换了花环，这是许多印度婚礼的一项传统。
新娘告诉本地新闻频道亚洲网说：“这场婚礼完全超出了我们的想象。”
尽管天气很恶劣，这对新人还是决心把婚礼进行到底。
据法新社报道，在一段视频中可以听到一名男子说：“早知道就应该租一艘船而不是一辆车……”
当地媒体报道称，新郎阿卡什和新娘艾西瓦娅都是琴格阿恩努尔市一家医院的医务人员。
过去四天以来，暴雨已经导致喀拉拉邦各地发生严重的洪灾和致命的滑坡。泛滥的河水冲垮了桥梁，淹没了道路，一些城镇和村庄的交通甚至被完全切断。
该邦政府表示，已经疏散了数千名居民，并搭建了100多个救援营地。
该邦政府本周一（10月18日）预报称，10月20日起本地区的大范围降雨和局部强降雨将持续两到三天。2018年的那场世纪罕见的特大洪灾曾导致该邦近500人丧生。
英文来源：卫报、法新社、路透社
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
人类的血液是有血型区分的，当我们需要献血或输血的时候，确定血型至关重要。那么，动物们是否也存在不同的血型呢？答案是肯定的。
How much do animals think about their blood types? Presumably never, given what we know about animal cognition. But we humans do think about our animals, because sometimes animals receive blood transfusions too, and we want to make sure the blood we're giving a ferret or dog or parakeet doesn't cause a blood incompatibility reaction.
动物们会在意自己的血型吗？根据我们目前对动物认知能力的了解，它们应该不会在意。不过人类会在意，因为有时动物也会生病，也会需要输血。我们希望给猫咪、狗狗或鹦鹉输血时不会产生血液不相容的反应。
That's a negative reaction causing the recipient's immune system to attack foreign blood, producing antibodies against the red blood cell proteins, or antigens, in the donated blood. Although all animals have blood groups, every species has a different system, and we know the most about the systems of domesticated mammals.
血液不相容反应是一种不良反应，会导致受体的免疫系统攻击外来血液，在捐献的血液中产生针对红细胞蛋白或抗原的抗体。虽然所有的动物都有血型，但每个物种血型系统不同，截止现在，我们对家养哺乳动物血型系统了解的最多。
The human blood group system is based on three different antigens: A, B, and O. The possible blood types we could have are A, B, AB and O, and each one of these can be either Rh positive or negative. Type O negative blood is generally considered to be universally accepted by any other blood type, and type AB positive can receive any other type.
人类血型系统基于三种不同的抗原：A、B和O。我们可能拥有的血型是A型、B型、AB型和O型，其中每一种都可能是Rh阳性或阴性。Rh阴性O型血液通常被认为可以给其他任何血型输血，Rh阳性AB型血液可以接受任何其他血型血液。
Dogs, for their part, have more than eight different antigens that can attach to their red blood cells, most of them labeled Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7). Often individuals within a specific breed of dog will have the same blood type — for instance, 60 percent of greyhounds fall into the DEA 1.1 negative (the universal dog donor) blood group. But new canine blood groups are still being detected — the recently discovered Dal blood group, for example, is only found in Dalmatians.
狗具有八种以上可以附着在红细胞上的抗原，其中大多数标记为狗红细胞抗原（DEA 1.1、1.2、3、4、5、6和7）。通常，某一特定品种狗的血型相同。例如，60%的灰猎犬属于DEA 1.1阴性（通用捐献者）血型。但新的犬类血型还在检测中——例如，最近发现的Dal血型仅在斑点狗中发现。
Cats, on the other hand, have only two possible antigens — A and B, although they aren't the same A and B antigens found on human blood. There is no universal donor or recipient feline blood groups, but the vast majority (around 90 percent) of domestic cats have type A blood, while more exotic purebreds often type B. AB is also possible, but very rare.
而猫只有两种可能的抗原——A和B，不过与人类血液中的A和B抗原不同。目前，还没有通用的供体或受体猫血型，但绝大多数（大约90%）的家猫都是A型血，而更具异国情调的纯种猫通常是B型。也有AB型血的猫，但非常罕见。
Like dogs, horse blood groups are loosely organized along breed lines, but there are 30 different groups, that represent combinations of 8 different antigens (A, C, D, K, P, Q and U are internationally recognized, while T is still being researched.) Cows are tricky because there are 11 major blood groups (A, B, C, F, J, L, M, R, S, T and Z), but the B group includes over 60 different antigens, making blood matches for transfusions tough.
与狗一样，马的血型也按照品种粗略地划分为30种不同的血型，意味着8种不同抗原的组合（A、C、D、K、P、Q和U是国际公认的，而T仍在研究中）。牛的血型系统更复杂，因为牛有11个主要血型（A、B、C、F、J、L、M、R、S、T和Z），但是B型包括60多种不同的抗原，使得输血的血液匹配变得困难。
Keep all this in mind next time you need to give some furry companion a blood transfusion – we animals have much in common, but there's still much that separates us.
下次你需要给“毛孩子”输血时，请记住——我们与动物有很多共同点，但仍有很多区别。
来源：Howstuffworks
编辑：董静 | How much do animals think about their blood types? Presumably never, given what we know about animal cognition. But we humans do think about our animals, because sometimes animals receive blood transfusions too, and we want to make sure the blood we're giving a ferret or dog or parakeet doesn't cause a blood incompatibility reaction.
That's a negative reaction causing the recipient's immune system to attack foreign blood, producing antibodies against the red blood cell proteins, or antigens, in the donated blood. Although all animals have blood groups, every species has a different system, and we know the most about the systems of domesticated mammals.
The human blood group system is based on three different antigens: A, B, and O. The possible blood types we could have are A, B, AB and O, and each one of these can be either Rh positive or negative. Type O negative blood is generally considered to be universally accepted by any other blood type, and type AB positive can receive any other type.
Dogs, for their part, have more than eight different antigens that can attach to their red blood cells, most of them labeled Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7). Often individuals within a specific breed of dog will have the same blood type — for instance, 60 percent of greyhounds fall into the DEA 1.1 negative (the universal dog donor) blood group. But new canine blood groups are still being detected — the recently discovered Dal blood group, for example, is only found in Dalmatians.
Cats, on the other hand, have only two possible antigens — A and B, although they aren't the same A and B antigens found on human blood. There is no universal donor or recipient feline blood groups, but the vast majority (around 90 percent) of domestic cats have type A blood, while more exotic purebreds often type B. AB is also possible, but very rare.
Like dogs, horse blood groups are loosely organized along breed lines, but there are 30 different groups, that represent combinations of 8 different antigens (A, C, D, K, P, Q and U are internationally recognized, while T is still being researched.) Cows are tricky because there are 11 major blood groups (A, B, C, F, J, L, M, R, S, T and Z), but the B group includes over 60 different antigens, making blood matches for transfusions tough.
Keep all this in mind next time you need to give some furry companion a blood transfusion – we animals have much in common, but there's still much that separates us. | 人类的血液是有血型区分的，当我们需要献血或输血的时候，确定血型至关重要。那么，动物们是否也存在不同的血型呢？答案是肯定的。
动物们会在意自己的血型吗？根据我们目前对动物认知能力的了解，它们应该不会在意。不过人类会在意，因为有时动物也会生病，也会需要输血。我们希望给猫咪、狗狗或鹦鹉输血时不会产生血液不相容的反应。
血液不相容反应是一种不良反应，会导致受体的免疫系统攻击外来血液，在捐献的血液中产生针对红细胞蛋白或抗原的抗体。虽然所有的动物都有血型，但每个物种血型系统不同，截止现在，我们对家养哺乳动物血型系统了解的最多。
人类血型系统基于三种不同的抗原：A、B和O。我们可能拥有的血型是A型、B型、AB型和O型，其中每一种都可能是Rh阳性或阴性。Rh阴性O型血液通常被认为可以给其他任何血型输血，Rh阳性AB型血液可以接受任何其他血型血液。
狗具有八种以上可以附着在红细胞上的抗原，其中大多数标记为狗红细胞抗原（DEA 1.1、1.2、3、4、5、6和7）。通常，某一特定品种狗的血型相同。例如，60%的灰猎犬属于DEA 1.1阴性（通用捐献者）血型。但新的犬类血型还在检测中——例如，最近发现的Dal血型仅在斑点狗中发现。
而猫只有两种可能的抗原——A和B，不过与人类血液中的A和B抗原不同。目前，还没有通用的供体或受体猫血型，但绝大多数（大约90%）的家猫都是A型血，而更具异国情调的纯种猫通常是B型。也有AB型血的猫，但非常罕见。
与狗一样，马的血型也按照品种粗略地划分为30种不同的血型，意味着8种不同抗原的组合（A、C、D、K、P、Q和U是国际公认的，而T仍在研究中）。牛的血型系统更复杂，因为牛有11个主要血型（A、B、C、F、J、L、M、R、S、T和Z），但是B型包括60多种不同的抗原，使得输血的血液匹配变得困难。
下次你需要给“毛孩子”输血时，请记住——我们与动物有很多共同点，但仍有很多区别。
来源：Howstuffworks
编辑：董静 |
联合国生物多样性大会
在昆明召开
为全球合作开辟新前景
The COP15 meeting in Kunming paves
the
way for global cooperation.
这个会开得太及时了！
在全球气候变化的压力下
物种消失速度加快
Just in time, too!
Under pressure
from
climate change, species are disappearing faster than ever.
受害最深的北极熊
甚至找不到一块栖身的浮冰
Victims,
such as polar bears
,
c
an
even hardly find a piece of floating ice.
要遏制气候变化
只有减排与种树两种办法
To curb the trend, carbon emissions
must be cut while forestation encouraged.
但现实是
在欧亚大陆另一端的欧洲
树木正被大面积砍伐
But, trees are being cut in Europe,
在大洋彼岸的美国
化石燃料用量则居高不下
while the US still uses a high percentage of fossil fuel.
发达国家天天要求中国减排
其实他们自己排放的超嗨
In other
words,
they require China to cut emission
s
, but
aren’t themselves stepping up to do their part.
如果地球继续升温的话
人类也会深受其害
If the Earth temperature continues rising, humanity will suffer more.
中国经验值得借鉴
多种树治理沙漠
China
can share experiences of
“zipping”
the desert,
在城市里也可以见缝插针
让绿色占据每一寸空间
and greening every space possible in the city.
携起手来
让地球变得更绿
也让更多的生物能活下去
Join hands and make the Earth greener, so that
we can
prosper.
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 | The COP15 meeting in Kunming paves
the
way for global cooperation.
Just in time, too!
Under pressure
from
climate change, species are disappearing faster than ever.
Victims,
such as polar bears
,
c
an
even hardly find a piece of floating ice.
To curb the trend, carbon emissions
must be cut while forestation encouraged.
But, trees are being cut in Europe,
while the US still uses a high percentage of fossil fuel.
In other
words,
they require China to cut emission
s
, but
aren’t themselves stepping up to do their part.
If the Earth temperature continues rising, humanity will suffer more.
China
can share experiences of
“zipping”
the desert,
and greening every space possible in the city.
Join hands and make the Earth greener, so that
we can
prosper. | 联合国生物多样性大会
在昆明召开
为全球合作开辟新前景
这个会开得太及时了！
在全球气候变化的压力下
物种消失速度加快
受害最深的北极熊
甚至找不到一块栖身的浮冰
要遏制气候变化
只有减排与种树两种办法
但现实是
在欧亚大陆另一端的欧洲
树木正被大面积砍伐
在大洋彼岸的美国
化石燃料用量则居高不下
发达国家天天要求中国减排
其实他们自己排放的超嗨
如果地球继续升温的话
人类也会深受其害
中国经验值得借鉴
多种树治理沙漠
在城市里也可以见缝插针
让绿色占据每一寸空间
携起手来
让地球变得更绿
也让更多的生物能活下去
作者：张周项
图片来自中国日报美术部 |
为什么看电视时总想吃东西？尤其是看美食节目时，总是感觉“越看越饿”。难道看电视真的会刺激食欲吗？
[Photo/Pexels]
Sitting down in front of the television with a meal or snack after a long day is a very popular recreational pastime. And thanks to streaming services that play every episode of a television series automatically, some viewers aren’t even burning the few calories it might take to reach for the remote.
在漫长的一天结束时坐在电视机前吃东西是很受欢迎的休闲方式。现如今流媒体平台可以自动播放下一集电视剧，观众甚至连起身去拿遥控器的那点运动量都省了。
But is it sloth that keeps us chewing, or something else? Is it possible the experience of watching TV can stimulate our appetite?
但是为什么我们看电视时会不停嘴地吃？是因为懒惰，还是别的什么原因？看电视是否会刺激食欲呢？
According to the Cleveland Clinic, television isn’t so much an appetite stimulant as it is an appetite distraction. When we watch TV, we’re engaged in the program, which means we’re paying less attention to the neurological and gastronomical cues that tell us we’re getting full. Instead of taking note of how we're eating, we’re engaged in somewhat passive consumption.
克利夫兰诊所指出，与其说看电视增进食欲，不如说它分散了对食欲的注意力。当我们看电视时，我们的注意力被节目吸引，这意味着我们会忽视神经系统和胃部发出的提示饱腹的信号。我们只是被动进食，却没注意到吃了什么，好不好吃。
In 2015, a study published in
The International Journal of Communication and Health
surveyed 591 undergraduates at the University of Houston. It showed that the more students watched, the more they snacked. The study also found evidence that increased television viewing was associated with a “fatalistic” view of healthy food intake and poor nutritional knowledge.
2015年，一项发表在《国际传播与健康杂志》上的研究调查了591名休斯顿大学的本科生。调查显示，学生看电视看得越多，吃的零食就越多。研究还发现有证据表明，看电视过多与对健康饮食的“宿命论”观点和营养知识欠缺有关。
One reason could be that excessive television viewing of news, entertainment, and advertising sends conflicting messages about food. A news program might tell you to eat more fruit. A commercial might tell you to eat more cold cereal.
一个原因可能是新闻、娱乐和广告传达的食物信息是相互矛盾的。新闻节目可能让你多吃水果。而广告可能让你多吃冷麦片。
Combining television and snacking also creates a cognitive association in your brain that may prompt you to consider the two activities intertwined. In other words, you might reach for some pizza or chips not because you’re all that hungry, but because you've come to identify television with eating. You might even eat more depending on the length of a program. If you’re watching
Friends
, a half-hour sitcom, you might eat less than if you were watching a super-sized episode of a drama like
Mad Men
.
一边看电视一边吃零食可能会在你的大脑中形成认知关联，导致你认为这两种活动就应该一起进行。换言之，你去拿披萨或薯条薯片来吃，不是因为你饿了，而是因为你认为看电视时就应该吃东西。你吃多少甚至可能取决于节目的长短。如果你看的是一集半小时的情景喜剧《老友记》，你吃的零食可能比你看一集超长电视剧（比如《广告狂人》）吃进去的少。
That’s not to say the content of a program isn’t influential. In 2013, a study in the journal
Appetite
looked at a group of 80 subjects, half of whom were told to watch a cooking program and half who were told to watch a nature show. Both groups were presented with equal amounts of chocolate-covered candies, cheese curls, and carrots. Researchers found that viewers of the cooking show tended to eat more chocolate-covered candies than the nature show viewers.
这并不是说，节目的内容对你的进食没有影响。2013年，一项发表在《食欲》期刊上的研究开展了一个涵盖80人的实验，让其中一半人看烹饪节目，另外一半人看自然节目。研究人员为两个小组提供了同样多的巧克力糖、芝士条和胡萝卜。结果发现，看烹饪节目的人比看自然节目的人吃的巧克力糖更多。
So is snacking while watching television that bad? Like most things, it’s OK in moderation. Eating meals away from the TV can encourage mindful eating, which directs your attention to the food in front of you. You’ll be able to pick up on satiety cues when you're not fully focused on your screen. Better yet, you won’t have to struggle to hear your favorite show over all that chewing.
那么，一边看电视一边吃零食真的很不好吗？像很多事物一样，只要适度的话还是没问题的。吃饭时不看电视可以让你专心吃饭，并关注自己面前的食物。当你的注意力没有完全被屏幕占据时，你就能接收到饱腹信号。更棒的是，你不用一边听自己的咀嚼声一边看自己最爱的节目。
英文来源：Mental Floss
翻译&编辑：丹妮 | [Photo/Pexels]
Sitting down in front of the television with a meal or snack after a long day is a very popular recreational pastime. And thanks to streaming services that play every episode of a television series automatically, some viewers aren’t even burning the few calories it might take to reach for the remote.
But is it sloth that keeps us chewing, or something else? Is it possible the experience of watching TV can stimulate our appetite?
According to the Cleveland Clinic, television isn’t so much an appetite stimulant as it is an appetite distraction. When we watch TV, we’re engaged in the program, which means we’re paying less attention to the neurological and gastronomical cues that tell us we’re getting full. Instead of taking note of how we're eating, we’re engaged in somewhat passive consumption.
In 2015, a study published in
The International Journal of Communication and Health
surveyed 591 undergraduates at the University of Houston. It showed that the more students watched, the more they snacked. The study also found evidence that increased television viewing was associated with a “fatalistic” view of healthy food intake and poor nutritional knowledge.
One reason could be that excessive television viewing of news, entertainment, and advertising sends conflicting messages about food. A news program might tell you to eat more fruit. A commercial might tell you to eat more cold cereal.
Combining television and snacking also creates a cognitive association in your brain that may prompt you to consider the two activities intertwined. In other words, you might reach for some pizza or chips not because you’re all that hungry, but because you've come to identify television with eating. You might even eat more depending on the length of a program. If you’re watching
Friends
, a half-hour sitcom, you might eat less than if you were watching a super-sized episode of a drama like
Mad Men
.
That’s not to say the content of a program isn’t influential. In 2013, a study in the journal
Appetite
looked at a group of 80 subjects, half of whom were told to watch a cooking program and half who were told to watch a nature show. Both groups were presented with equal amounts of chocolate-covered candies, cheese curls, and carrots. Researchers found that viewers of the cooking show tended to eat more chocolate-covered candies than the nature show viewers.
So is snacking while watching television that bad? Like most things, it’s OK in moderation. Eating meals away from the TV can encourage mindful eating, which directs your attention to the food in front of you. You’ll be able to pick up on satiety cues when you're not fully focused on your screen. Better yet, you won’t have to struggle to hear your favorite show over all that chewing. | 为什么看电视时总想吃东西？尤其是看美食节目时，总是感觉“越看越饿”。难道看电视真的会刺激食欲吗？
在漫长的一天结束时坐在电视机前吃东西是很受欢迎的休闲方式。现如今流媒体平台可以自动播放下一集电视剧，观众甚至连起身去拿遥控器的那点运动量都省了。
但是为什么我们看电视时会不停嘴地吃？是因为懒惰，还是别的什么原因？看电视是否会刺激食欲呢？
克利夫兰诊所指出，与其说看电视增进食欲，不如说它分散了对食欲的注意力。当我们看电视时，我们的注意力被节目吸引，这意味着我们会忽视神经系统和胃部发出的提示饱腹的信号。我们只是被动进食，却没注意到吃了什么，好不好吃。
2015年，一项发表在《国际传播与健康杂志》上的研究调查了591名休斯顿大学的本科生。调查显示，学生看电视看得越多，吃的零食就越多。研究还发现有证据表明，看电视过多与对健康饮食的“宿命论”观点和营养知识欠缺有关。
一个原因可能是新闻、娱乐和广告传达的食物信息是相互矛盾的。新闻节目可能让你多吃水果。而广告可能让你多吃冷麦片。
一边看电视一边吃零食可能会在你的大脑中形成认知关联，导致你认为这两种活动就应该一起进行。换言之，你去拿披萨或薯条薯片来吃，不是因为你饿了，而是因为你认为看电视时就应该吃东西。你吃多少甚至可能取决于节目的长短。如果你看的是一集半小时的情景喜剧《老友记》，你吃的零食可能比你看一集超长电视剧（比如《广告狂人》）吃进去的少。
这并不是说，节目的内容对你的进食没有影响。2013年，一项发表在《食欲》期刊上的研究开展了一个涵盖80人的实验，让其中一半人看烹饪节目，另外一半人看自然节目。研究人员为两个小组提供了同样多的巧克力糖、芝士条和胡萝卜。结果发现，看烹饪节目的人比看自然节目的人吃的巧克力糖更多。
那么，一边看电视一边吃零食真的很不好吗？像很多事物一样，只要适度的话还是没问题的。吃饭时不看电视可以让你专心吃饭，并关注自己面前的食物。当你的注意力没有完全被屏幕占据时，你就能接收到饱腹信号。更棒的是，你不用一边听自己的咀嚼声一边看自己最爱的节目。
英文来源：Mental Floss
翻译&编辑：丹妮 |
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