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Data_compression | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A literature compendium for a large variety of audio coding systems was published in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), February 1988. While there were some papers from before that time, this collection documented an entire variety of finished, working audio coders, nearly all of them using perceptual (i.e. masking) techniques and some kind of frequency analysis and back-end noiseless coding. Several of these papers remarked on the difficulty of obtaining good, clean digital audio for research purposes. Most, if not all, of the authors in the JSAC edition were also active in the MPEG-1 Audio committee. | Q1: What was published in the IEEE Journal in 1988?
A1: literature compendium
Q2: What did the literature compendium document?
A2: finished, working audio coders
Q3: Where were most of the authors in the JSAC edition?
A3: MPEG-1 Audio committee | Engineering and technology |
Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A loblolly pine, known as the "Eisenhower Pine", was located on Augusta's 17th hole, approximately 210 yards (192 m) from the Masters tee. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not wanting to offend the president, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts, immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request. The tree was removed in February 2014 after an ice storm caused it significant damage. | Q1: At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located?
A1: 17th
Q2: How many meters away from the Masters tee on Augusta's 17th was the Eisenhower Pine?
A2: 192
Q3: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?
A3: cut down
Q4: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?
A4: ice storm
Q5: In what year did Eisenhower propose that the pine tree named after him be removed?
A5: 1956 | History |
Saint_Helena | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena. | Q1: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?
A1: New Zealand
Q2: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?
A2: Ascension Island
Q3: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?
A3: Wideawake airport
Q4: What year was Wideawake Airport built?
A4: 1942 | Geography and places |
Lancashire | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell, but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention. The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county. Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding. The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood. | Q1: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?
A1: James Orchard Halliwell
Q2: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?
A2: Harry Boardman
Q3: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?
A3: The Spinners
Q4: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?
A4: Irish and Scottish folk music
Q5: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?
A5: Fylde Folk Festival | Geography and places |
Predation | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater). However, humans are not solitary creatures; they are social animals with highly developed social behaviors. Early humans, such as Homo erectus, have been using stone tools and weapons for well over a million years. Anatomically modern humans have been apex predators since they first evolved, and many species of carnivorous megafauna actively avoid interacting with humans; the primary environmental competitor for a human is other humans. The one subspecies of carnivorous megafauna that does interact frequently with humans in predatory roles is the domestic dog, but usually as a partner in predation especially if they hunt together. Cannibalism has occurred in various places, among various cultures, and for various reasons. At least a few people, such as the Donner party, are said to have resorted to it in desperation. | Q1: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?
A1: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength
Q2: For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?
A2: well over a million years
Q3: What are humans' primary competitors?
A3: other humans
Q4: What is one known istance of cannibalism?
A4: the Donner party
Q5: With what species do humans hunt in partnership?
A5: domestic dog | Natural sciences |
Melbourne | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne. These include "public" (i.e., state-owned ABC and SBS) and community stations. Many commercial stations are networked-owned: DMG has Nova 100 and Smooth; ARN controls Gold 104.3 and KIIS 101.1; and Southern Cross Austereo runs both Fox and Triple M. Stations from towns in regional Victoria may also be heard (e.g. 93.9 Bay FM, Geelong). Youth alternatives include ABC Triple J and youth run SYN. Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R, strive to play under represented music. JOY 94.9 caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender audiences. For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM. Light FM is a contemporary Christian station. AM stations include ABC: 774, Radio National, and News Radio; also Fairfax affiliates 3AW (talk) and Magic (easy listening). For sport fans and enthusiasts there is SEN 1116. Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous). Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences. | Q1: What are examples of Youth radio stations?
A1: ABC Triple J and youth run SYN
Q2: Which music stations strive to play under represented music?
A2: Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R
Q3: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?
A3: JOY 94.9
Q4: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?
A4: SEN 1116
Q5: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?
A5: classical | Geography and places |
Guinea-Bissau | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books] | Q1: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?
A1: depressed
Q2: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?
A2: deteriorating
Q3: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?
A3: macroeconomic
Q4: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?
A4: 233 days or about 33 weeks
Q5: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?
A5: Suriname | Geography and places |
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A look at one minority leadership strategy—partisan opposition—may suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of the majority party. "We know how to delay," remarked Minority Leader Gephardt Dilatory motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes are standard time-consuming parliamentary tactics. By stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing Congress" and convince enough voters to put his party back in charge of the House. To be sure, the minority leader recognizes that "going negative" carries risks and may not be a winning strategy if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public. | Q1: What is the purpose of Obstruction?
A1: frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness
Q2: How can obstruction be employed?
A2: motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes
Q3: Is it safe to employ negative strategy?
A3: "going negative" carries risks
Q4: What may be a risk negative tactic?
A4: if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public | History |
null | null | null | null | Unknown |
Apollo | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belong to any Greek order. It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures. The different wooden elements were considered divine, and their forms were preserved in the marble or stone elements of the temples of Doric order. The Greeks used standard types, because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve the esthetic perfection. From the earliest times there were certain rules strictly observed in rectangular peripteral and prostyle buildings. The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics. | Q1: What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?
A1: peripteral temples
Q2: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?
A2: in order to keep the original forms
Q3: Why were the first buildings narrow?
A3: to hold the roof
Q4: Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?
A4: Pythagoras | Philosophy and religion |
Estonia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made to the borders of counties after Estonia became independent, most notably the formation of Valga County (from parts of Võru, Tartu and Viljandi counties) and Petseri County (area acquired from Russia with the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty). | Q1: What is the largest administrative subdivision in Estonia?
A1: A maakond
Q2: What is the county government in Estonia called?
A2: Maavalitsus
Q3: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia?
A3: county governor
Q4: Who represents the national government on a local level?
A4: Maavanem | Geography and places |
Internet_service_provider | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | Q1: What is a mailbox provider?
A1: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes
Q2: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains?
A2: A mailbox provider
Q3: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider?
A3: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email
Q4: how does a user store electronic mail?
A4: A mailbox provider | Engineering and technology |
Myanmar | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II. By March 1942, within months after they entered the war, Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed. A Burmese Executive Administration headed by Ba Maw was established by the Japanese in August 1942. Wingate's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945. The battles were intense with much of Burma laid waste by the fighting. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 prisoners were taken. | Q1: Was Burma effected by the world wars?
A1: Burma was devastated during World War II
Q2: Did the British protect Burma as its colony during WWII?
A2: the British administration had collapsed
Q3: Where groups from Burma an advantage to the Allies during WWII?
A3: British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders
Q4: How many soldiers were lost by the Japanese in Burma during WWII ?
A4: the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma
Q5: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?
A5: the end of Japanese rule in July 1945 | Geography and places |
Idealism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility. | Q1: Who wrote Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences?
A1: Hegel
Q2: When was Phenomenology of Spirit published?
A2: 1807
Q3: What trait did Climacus believe that Hegel suppressed?
A3: individuality
Q4: Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual?
A4: State
Q5: What conception of right and wrong did Climacus believe Hegel endorsed?
A5: bourgeois | Philosophy and religion |
Korean_War | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, "[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of "chief danger spots". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone. | Q1: What was the Truman administration concerned about that was preventing them from getting involved in the Korean conflict?
A1: Soviet reaction
Q2: What agency approved the use of force in South Korea?
A2: The UN Security Council
Q3: Why did the US not send in ground troops after the United Nations approved the use of force?
A3: advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power
Q4: Who believed that if the issues in Korea were not dealt with the communist aggression would spread?
A4: Truman
Q5: What resources did the US devote to South Korea after the Security Council approved engaging in an armed conflict?
A5: air and naval forces | Warfare |
Carnival | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major feature is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics. It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics, amidst the general bacchanal. Calypso tents, also originating in Trinidad, feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commentaries, political exposés or rousing exhortations to "wuk dah waistline" and "roll dat bumper". The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award, while the air is redolent with the smells of Bajan cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair. The Cohobblopot Festival blends dance, drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the "Pic-o-de-Crop" Show is performed after the King of Calypso is finally crowned. The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with pulsating Barbadian rhythms and fireworks. | Q1: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?
A1: calypso
Q2: Where did Calypso music originate?
A2: Trinidad
Q3: Who perform biting social commentaries?
A3: musicians
Q4: What do the musical groups compete for?
A4: the Calypso Monarch Award
Q5: What is the climax of the festival called?
A5: Kadooment Day | Philosophy and religion |
Tuvalu | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major international priority for Tuvalu in the UN, at the 2002 Earth Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa and in other international fora, is promoting concern about global warming and the possible sea level rising. Tuvalu advocates ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. In December 2009 the islands stalled talks on climate change at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, fearing some other developing countries were not committing fully to binding deals on a reduction in carbon emissions. Their chief negotiator stated, "Tuvalu is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change and our future rests on the outcome of this meeting." | Q1: What crisis is a major concern for Tuvalu at the UN?
A1: global warming
Q2: In concert with global warming, what is Tuvalu's other envirnmental priority?
A2: sea level rising
Q3: What agreement does Tuvalu advocate ratification?
A3: Kyoto Protocol
Q4: What did Tuvalu call for from other nations concerning reduction of carbon emissions?
A4: binding deals
Q5: What does Tuvalu feel its position to be in climate change?
A5: vulnerable | Geography and places |
The_Blitz | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was "the most effective strategic weapon", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, "We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we had not had an undivided Luftwaffe". Such principles made it much harder to integrate the air force into the overall strategy and produced in Göring a jealous and damaging defence of his "empire" while removing Hitler voluntarily from the systematic direction of the Luftwaffe at either the strategic or operational level. When Hitler tried to intervene more in the running of the air force later in the war, he was faced with a political conflict of his own making between himself and Göring, which was not fully resolved until the war was almost over. In 1940 and 1941, Göring's refusal to cooperate with the Kriegsmarine denied the entire Wehrmacht military forces of the Reich the chance to strangle British sea communications, which might have had strategic or decisive effect in the war against the British Empire. | Q1: Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?
A1: Hermann Göring
Q2: What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?
A2: strangle British sea communications
Q3: Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?
A3: the Kriegsmarine
Q4: What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over?
A4: aircraft | History |
Tuvalu | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major sporting event is the "Independence Day Sports Festival" held annually on 1 October. The most important sports event within the country is arguably the Tuvalu Games, which are held yearly since 2008. Tuvalu first participated in the Pacific Games in 1978 and in the Commonwealth Games in 1998, when a weightlifter attended the games held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two table tennis players attended the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England; Tuvalu entered competitors in shooting, table tennis and weightlifting at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia; three athletes participated in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India, entering the discus, shot put and weightlifting events; and a team of 3 weightlifters and 2 table tennis players attended the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Tuvaluan athletes have also participated in the men's and women's 100 metre sprints at the World Championships in Athletics from 2009. | Q1: What is a major annual sports event in Tuvalu?
A1: Independence Day Sports Festival
Q2: What is the most important sports event held on Tuvalu?
A2: Tuvalu Games
Q3: In what year did Tuvalu first appear in the Commonwealth Games?
A3: 1998
Q4: What type of competitor entered the commonwealth Games in 1998?
A4: weightlifter
Q5: What competitions have Tuvalu athletes entered in the World Championships in Athletics?
A5: 100 metre sprints | Geography and places |
Electric_motor | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A major turning point in the development of DC machines took place in 1864, when Antonio Pacinotti described for the first time the ring armature with its symmetrically grouped coils closed upon themselves and connected to the bars of a commutator, the brushes of which delivered practically non-fluctuating current. The first commercially successful DC motors followed the invention by Zénobe Gramme who, in 1871, reinvented Pacinotti's design. In 1873, Gramme showed that his dynamo could be used as a motor, which he demonstrated to great effect at exhibitions in Vienna and Philadelphia by connecting two such DC motors at a distance of up to 2 km away from each other, one as a generator. (See also 1873 : l'expérience décisive [Decisive Workaround] .) | Q1: What made Pacinotti's motor an important advancement?
A1: non-fluctuating current
Q2: Who created a motor similar to Pacinotti?
A2: Zénobe Gramme
Q3: How far from each other were the motors in Gramme's demonstrations?
A3: 2 km
Q4: Besides a motor, what did Gramme use the other device for?
A4: generator
Q5: In what two cities did Gramme conduct his demonstrations?
A5: Vienna and Philadelphia | Engineering and technology |
Mandolin | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist. The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths. It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass. | Q1: What country did the mandolin originate from?
A1: Italian
Q2: What does mandolin translate to?
A2: small mandola
Q3: What musical family does the mandolin come from?
A3: lute family
Q4: How is the mandolin usually played?
A4: usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick"
Q5: How many courses does a mandolin commonly have?
A5: four | Music |
Beer | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A microbrewery, or craft brewery, produces a limited amount of beer. The maximum amount of beer a brewery can produce and still be classed as a microbrewery varies by region and by authority, though is usually around 15,000 barrels (1.8 megalitres, 396 thousand imperial gallons or 475 thousand US gallons) a year. A brewpub is a type of microbrewery that incorporates a pub or other eating establishment. The highest density of breweries in the world, most of them microbreweries, exists in the German Region of Franconia, especially in the district of Upper Franconia, which has about 200 breweries. The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery in Bavaria, Germany, can trace its roots to the year 768, as a document from that year refers to a hop garden in the area paying a tithe to the monastery. The brewery was licensed by the City of Freising in 1040, and therefore is the oldest working brewery in the world. | Q1: What is a brewery called that makes a small amount of beer?
A1: microbrewery
Q2: In general, how much beer can a microbrewery make and still be classified as a microbrewery?
A2: around 15,000 barrels
Q3: What would you call a microbrewery that also has a restaurant or a pub?
A3: brewpub
Q4: What city is home to the oldest known brewery in the world that is still active?
A4: Freising
Q5: What year was The Benedictine Weihenstephan Brewery first licensed as a brewery?
A5: 1040 | Agriculture, food, and drink |
Saint_Helena | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business. Car hire is available for visitors. | Q1: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?
A1: A minibus
Q2: Where does the minibus travel to?
A2: Jamestown
Q3: On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown?
A3: weekdays | Geography and places |
Baptists | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A minority view is that early seventeenth-century Baptists were influenced by (but not directly connected to) continental Anabaptists. According to this view, the General Baptists shared similarities with Dutch Waterlander Mennonites (one of many Anabaptist groups) including believer's baptism only, religious liberty, separation of church and state, and Arminian views of salvation, predestination and original sin. Representative writers including A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley wrote that among some contemporary Baptist scholars who emphasize the faith of the community over soul liberty, the Anabaptist influence theory is making a comeback. | Q1: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?
A1: early seventeenth-century Baptists
Q2: Early seventeenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?
A2: continental Anabaptists
Q3: General Baptists shared similarities with who?
A3: Dutch Waterlander Mennonites
Q4: Who are two representative writers?
A4: A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley
Q5: What were the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites?
A5: one of many Anabaptist groups | Philosophy and religion |
Hydrogen | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A molecular form called protonated molecular hydrogen (H+
3) is found in the interstellar medium, where it is generated by ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays. This charged ion has also been observed in the upper atmosphere of the planet Jupiter. The ion is relatively stable in the environment of outer space due to the low temperature and density. H+
3 is one of the most abundant ions in the Universe, and it plays a notable role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Neutral triatomic hydrogen H3 can only exist in an excited form and is unstable. By contrast, the positive hydrogen molecular ion (H+
2) is a rare molecule in the universe. | Q1: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?
A1: protonated molecular hydrogen
Q2: What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?
A2: ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays
Q3: On what planet can you find protonated molecular hydrogen?
A3: Jupiter
Q4: In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?
A4: excited form | Natural sciences |
Nutrition | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A molecule of dietary fat typically consists of several fatty acids (containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms), bonded to a glycerol. They are typically found as triglycerides (three fatty acids attached to one glycerol backbone). Fats may be classified as saturated or unsaturated depending on the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved. Saturated fats have all of the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains bonded to hydrogen atoms, whereas unsaturated fats have some of these carbon atoms double-bonded, so their molecules have relatively fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fatty acid of the same length. Unsaturated fats may be further classified as monounsaturated (one double-bond) or polyunsaturated (many double-bonds). Furthermore, depending on the location of the double-bond in the fatty acid chain, unsaturated fatty acids are classified as omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids. Trans fats are a type of unsaturated fat with trans-isomer bonds; these are rare in nature and in foods from natural sources; they are typically created in an industrial process called (partial) hydrogenation. There are nine kilocalories in each gram of fat. Fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid, catalpic acid, eleostearic acid and punicic acid, in addition to providing energy, represent potent immune modulatory molecules. | Q1: Dietary fat can be said to consist of fatty acids bonded to which molecule?
A1: glycerol
Q2: How many glycerol backbones does a triglyceride contain?
A2: one
Q3: What needs to be examined to determine whether a fat can be classified as saturated or unsaturated?
A3: the detailed structure of the fatty acids involved
Q4: Which element is present that is bonded to all of the carbons in a saturated fat?
A4: hydrogen
Q5: What kind of fat can a trans fat be categorized as?
A5: unsaturated fat | Agriculture, food, and drink |
Gregorian_calendar | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A month after having decreed the reform, the pope with a brief of 3 April 1582 granted to Antonio Lilio, the brother of Luigi Lilio, the exclusive right to publish the calendar for a period of ten years. The Lunario Novo secondo la nuova riforma printed by Vincenzo Accolti, one of the first calendars printed in Rome after the reform, notes at the bottom that it was signed with papal authorization and by Lilio (Con licentia delli Superiori... et permissu Ant(onii) Lilij). The papal brief was later revoked, on 20 September 1582, because Antonio Lilio proved unable to keep up with the demand for copies. | Q1: When were the rights to publish the calendar granted?
A1: 3 April 1582
Q2: Who awarded the rights to publish the calendar?
A2: the pope
Q3: What problem caused the papal brief granting the right to publish to be withdrawn?
A3: demand for copies
Q4: When were the rights to print the calendar withdrawn?
A4: 20 September 1582
Q5: Where were the first calendars printed?
A5: Rome | Mathematics |
FC_Barcelona | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A month after the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, several players from Barcelona enlisted in the ranks of those who fought against the military uprising, along with players from Athletic Bilbao. On 6 August, Falangist soldiers near Guadarrama murdered club president Josep Sunyol, a representative of the pro-independence political party. He was dubbed the martyr of barcelonisme, and his murder was a defining moment in the history of FC Barcelona and Catalan identity. In the summer of 1937, the squad was on tour in Mexico and the United States, where it was received as an ambassador of the Second Spanish Republic. The tour led to the financial security of the club, but also resulted in half of the team seeking asylum in Mexico and France, making it harder for the remaining team to contest for trophies. | Q1: Who was murdered on 6 August, 1936?
A1: Josep Sunyol
Q2: Besides being club president, what was Sunyol involved in to have caused his murder?
A2: pro-independence political party
Q3: What was Sunyol called after his death?
A3: martyr
Q4: What was club Barcelona considered to represent when on tour in 1937?
A4: Second Spanish Republic
Q5: Where did half of the Barcelona team seek asylum in 1937?
A5: Mexico and France | Sports and recreation |
Nanjing | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600 years ago when it was understood it was impossible to move or complete it. | Q1: How far from Nanjing is the Yangshan Quarry?
A1: 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city
Q2: What large item is abandoned at the Quarry?
A2: a gigantic stele
Q3: How long ago was the stele abandoned?
A3: 600 years ago
Q4: Why was the stele abandoned?
A4: it was impossible to move or complete it
Q5: Who ordered the creation of the stele?
A5: the Yongle Emperor | Geography and places |
Hydrogen | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—an illustration of how the "planetary orbit" conception of electron motion differs from reality. | Q1: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state?
A1: angular | Natural sciences |
Adult_contemporary_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience. | Q1: What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?
A1: rhythmic oldies
Q2: What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?
A2: 1960s
Q3: What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?
A3: 1990s
Q4: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
A4: African-Americans | Music |
On_the_Origin_of_Species | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable. Darwin always finished one book before starting another. While he was researching, he told many people about his interest in transmutation without causing outrage. He firmly intended to publish, but it was not until September 1854 that he could work on it full-time. His estimate that writing his "big book" would take five years was optimistic. | Q1: What did Darwin's contemporaries think of the long delays on his publishing?
A1: Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable
Q2: What was Darwin's process on writing his books?
A2: Darwin always finished one book before starting another
Q3: What was Darwin's original estimate for the amount of time his book would take to write?
A3: five years
Q4: Which scientist's study theorized that the idea of Darwin's work being delayed dates to the 1940s?
A4: John van Wyhe | Natural sciences |
MP3 | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A more sophisticated MP3 encoder can produce variable bitrate audio. MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it. VBR is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitrate. Average bitrate is VBR implemented as a compromise between the two: the bitrate is allowed to vary for more consistent quality, but is controlled to remain near an average value chosen by the user, for predictable file sizes. Although an MP3 decoder must support VBR to be standards compliant, historically some decoders have bugs with VBR decoding, particularly before VBR encoders became widespread. | Q1: What kind of audio can a sophisticated MP3 encoder produce?
A1: variable bitrate audio
Q2: Which type of decoder must support bitrate switching on a per-frame basis?
A2: layer III
Q3: What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality?
A3: VBR
Q4: Using VBR instead of a constant bit rate encoding makes which part of encoding less predictable?
A4: final file size
Q5: An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use?
A5: the user | Engineering and technology |
Daylight_saving_time | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems associated with the twice yearly time shifts. However, many remain unconvinced of the benefits, citing the same problems and the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails. Russia switched to permanent DST from 2011 to 2014, but the move proved unpopular because of the late sunrises in winter, so the country switched permanently back to "standard" or "winter" time in 2014. | Q1: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?
A1: permanent daylight saving time
Q2: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?
A2: time shifts
Q3: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?
A3: late
Q4: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?
A4: 2011 to 2014
Q5: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?
A5: winter | Engineering and technology |
Pain | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others have a reduced life expectancy.[citation needed] Most people with congenital insensitivity to pain have one of five hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (which includes familial dysautonomia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis). These conditions feature decreased sensitivity to pain together with other neurological abnormalities, particularly of the autonomic nervous system. A very rare syndrome with isolated congenital insensitivity to pain has been linked with mutations in the SCN9A gene, which codes for a sodium channel (Nav1.7) necessary in conducting pain nerve stimuli. | Q1: An abnormality of the nervous system can render a small number of people insensitive to what?
A1: pain
Q2: What is it known as when someone is born without being able to feel pain because of their nervous system?
A2: congenital insensitivity to pain
Q3: What happens to children with congenital insensitivity to pain?
A3: repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles
Q4: What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?
A4: reduced
Q5: What gene is responsible for coding for a sodium channel necessary for conducting pain nerve stimuli?
A5: SCN9A | Language and literature |
Treaty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A multilateral treaty is concluded among several countries. The agreement establishes rights and obligations between each party and every other party. Multilateral treaties are often regional.[citation needed] Treaties of "mutual guarantee" are international compacts, e.g., the Treaty of Locarno which guarantees each signatory against attack from another. | Q1: What is a treaty concluded among several countries?
A1: A multilateral treaty
Q2: Between which parties does a multilateral treaty establish rights and obligations?
A2: each party and every other party
Q3: The Treaty of Locarno guarantees each signatory against what from another signatory?
A3: attack
Q4: What type of treaty is a mutual guarantee?
A4: international compacts
Q5: Multilateral treaties are often entered into by countries that share the same what?
A5: region | Language and literature |
Alps | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks. In World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war. | Q1: How old was the mummified man discovered at the Austrian-Italian bored?
A1: 5,000 years old
Q2: What culture was well established by the 6th Century BC?
A2: the Celtic La Tène culture
Q3: Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants?
A3: Hannibal
Q4: What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes?
A4: Napoleon
Q5: Where was Adolf Hitlers base of operation during World War 2?
A5: Bavarian Alps | Geography and places |
Westminster_Abbey | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed. | Q1: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?
A1: A narthex
Q2: When was the narthex designed?
A2: mid-20th century
Q3: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?
A3: Yevele | Art and architecture |
Portugal | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies. In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and 9,750,000 t (9,600,000 long tons; 10,700,000 short tons) of goods. | Q1: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?
A1: Spain
Q2: What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?
A2: Comboios de Portugal
Q3: How long is the total railway system in Portugal?
A3: 2,791 km (1,734 mi)
Q4: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?
A4: 1,430 km (889 mi)
Q5: How long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h?
A5: 900 km (559 mi) | Geography and places |
University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A national university is generally a university created or run by a national state but at the same time represents a state autonomic institution which functions as a completely independent body inside of the same state. Some national universities are closely associated with national cultural or political aspirations, for instance the National University of Ireland in the early days of Irish independence collected a large amount of information on the Irish language and Irish culture. Reforms in Argentina were the result of the University Revolution of 1918 and its posterior reforms by incorporating values that sought for a more equal and laic higher education system. | Q1: What was a focus of the National University of Ireland during the beginning of Irish Independence?
A1: Irish language and Irish culture
Q2: In what nation did the University Revolution occur?
A2: Argentina
Q3: In what year did Argentina's University Revolution occur?
A3: 1918
Q4: What was the result of the University Revolution in Argentina?
A4: Reforms | Language and literature |
Antenna_(radio) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A necessary condition for the aforementioned reciprocity property is that the materials in the antenna and transmission medium are linear and reciprocal. Reciprocal (or bilateral) means that the material has the same response to an electric current or magnetic field in one direction, as it has to the field or current in the opposite direction. Most materials used in antennas meet these conditions, but some microwave antennas use high-tech components such as isolators and circulators, made of nonreciprocal materials such as ferrite. These can be used to give the antenna a different behavior on receiving than it has on transmitting, which can be useful in applications like radar. | Q1: What must be true of the antenna and transmission medium for the repiprocity rule to apply ?
A1: linear and reciprocal
Q2: What is called when the direction of the elctrical current does not make a difference to the current?
A2: Reciprocal
Q3: What is one material that does not have this quality?
A3: ferrite
Q4: How can the lack of this quality be used in an everyday way?
A4: radar | Engineering and technology |
Digimon | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking game was posted on the show's official website, offering news when specific clicks were met. On December 13, 2014 the series title and a key visual featuring character designs by Atsuya Uki were revealed with Keitaro Motonaga announced as director with a tentative premiere date of Spring, 2015. However, on May 6, 2015, it was announced that tri. would not be a television series, but rather a 6-part theatrical film series. The films are being streamed in episodic format outside Japan by Crunchyroll and Hulu from the same day they premiere on Japanese theaters. | Q1: How long after Digimon Fusion was a new series announced?
A1: 30 months
Q2: When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon?
A2: August 2014
Q3: Rather than a TV series, What kind of series would the Digimon become?
A3: 6-part theatrical film series
Q4: Where are you able to watch the new series when it is released?
A4: Crunchyroll and Hulu | Video games |
Railway_electrification_system | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new approach to avoiding overhead wires is taken by the "second generation" tram/streetcar system in Bordeaux, France (entry into service of the first line in December 2003; original system discontinued in 1958) with its APS (alimentation par sol – ground current feed). This involves a third rail which is flush with the surface like the tops of the running rails. The circuit is divided into segments with each segment energized in turn by sensors from the car as it passes over it, the remainder of the third rail remaining "dead". Since each energized segment is completely covered by the lengthy articulated cars, and goes dead before being "uncovered" by the passage of the vehicle, there is no danger to pedestrians. This system has also been adopted in some sections of the new tram systems in Reims, France (opened 2011) and Angers, France (also opened 2011). Proposals are in place for a number of other new services including Dubai, UAE; Barcelona, Spain; Florence, Italy; Marseille, France; Gold Coast, Australia; Washington, D.C., U.S.A.; Brasília, Brazil and Tours, France. | Q1: What year the "second generation" of tram system began to operate in France?
A1: 2003
Q2: When was the original system discontinued?
A2: 1958
Q3: How is the circuit of the third rail divided?
A3: energized segment
Q4: Does energized segment of third rail pose the threat to pedestrians if uncovered?
A4: no danger | Engineering and technology |
States_of_Germany | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them far-reaching – for redrawing boundaries but hardly anything came of these public discussions. Territorial reform is sometimes propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers. | Q1: What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949?
A1: new delimitation of the federal territory
Q2: What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation?
A2: a reduction of the number of states
Q3: What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers?
A3: Territorial reform | Geography and places |
States_of_Germany | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "... the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated ...". But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception. | Q1: What keeps being debated in Germany?
A1: delimitation of the federal territory
Q2: What does Gunlick remark that the German System of dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation?
A2: pay for it from own source revenues
Q3: How many proposals have failed so far?
A3: several | Geography and places |
Royal_assent | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners "is and ever was and ever shall be, as good" as assent granted by the sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854. | Q1: Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?
A1: committing adultery
Q2: What was Henry VIII trying to avoid by creating a new procedure for granting assent?
A2: listening to the entire text
Q3: How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners?
A3: five
Q4: Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally?
A4: Queen Victoria | History |
House_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century. | Q1: where was a new type of club called Cream located?
A1: Liverpool
Q2: what was a new subgenre of house in chicago, developed by bad boy bill and others, called?
A2: Chicago hard house
Q3: george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?
A3: Los Angeles
Q4: what was another name for hardcore techno from the netherlands?
A4: gabber
Q5: who began opening "superclubs"?
A5: Major record companies | Music |
Central_African_Republic | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new government was appointed on 31 March 2013, which consisted of members of Séléka and representatives of the opposition to Bozizé, one pro-Bozizé individual, and a number representatives of civil society. On 1 April, the former opposition parties declared that they would boycott the government. After African leaders in Chad refused to recognize Djotodia as President, proposing to form a transitional council and the holding of new elections, Djotodia signed a decree on 6 April for the formation of a council that would act as a transitional parliament. The council was tasked with electing a president to serve prior to elections in 18 months. | Q1: When was the new Government seated in CAR?
A1: 31 March 2013
Q2: What did the former opposition parties declare?
A2: boycott the government
Q3: Who was refused as new president?
A3: Djotodia
Q4: Who would rule the country temporarily?
A4: a transitional parliament
Q5: How long did the parliament have until the next election?
A5: 18 months | Geography and places |
Human_Development_Index | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | Q1: What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?
A1: statistical update
Q2: What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?
A2: an accompanying Human Development Report
Q3: What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?
A3: up to 2006 | Social sciences and society |
Neoclassical_architecture | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved designs made the Adam repertory available throughout Europe. The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses. The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by the Adams. | Q1: Who began the new phase of neoclassical design?
A1: Robert and James Adam
Q2: Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered?
A2: Italy and Dalmatia
Q3: What book outlines the new trends of neoclassicism in this phase?
A3: The Works in Architecture
Q4: During the later 18th century the trend of neoclassic design attempted to simplify what styles?
A4: rococo and baroque styles
Q5: This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design?
A5: lighter and more elegant feel | Art and architecture |
Light-emitting_diode | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A new style of wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon (GaN-on-Si) is being used to produce white LEDs using 200-mm silicon wafers. This avoids the typical costly sapphire substrate in relatively small 100- or 150-mm wafer sizes. The sapphire apparatus must be coupled with a mirror-like collector to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted. It is predicted that by 2020, 40% of all GaN LEDs will be made with GaN-on-Si. Manufacturing large sapphire material is difficult, while large silicon material is cheaper and more abundant. LED companies shifting from using sapphire to silicon should be a minimal investment. | Q1: What is being used to produce white LEDs?
A1: wafers composed of gallium-nitride-on-silicon
Q2: What size are the wafers used to create white LEDs?
A2: 200-mm
Q3: By using silicon wafers, what is being avoided?
A3: costly sapphire substrate
Q4: What needs to be used to reflect light that would otherwise be wasted?
A4: mirror-like collector
Q5: By what year will% of all GaN LEDs be made with gallium-nitride-on-silicon wafers?
A5: 2020 | Engineering and technology |
Apollo | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification". | Q1: What origin was Leto?
A1: Lydian
Q2: Where was Leto worshipped?
A2: Asia Minor
Q3: What is the origin of Sibyl?
A3: Anatolia | Philosophy and religion |
Nonprofit_organization | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its surplus revenues to further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit or dividends. This is known as the distribution constraint. The decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on. | Q1: What is the definition of a non-profit organization?
A1: purposes are other than making a profit
Q2: What is an NPO also known as?
A2: non-business entity
Q3: What is the purpose of an NPO?
A3: furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view
Q4: What does a non-profit do with the money it takes in, instead of using it for a profit?
A4: further achieve its purpose or mission, rather than distributing its surplus income to the organization's shareholders (or equivalents) as profit
Q5: What is it called when a non-profit uses it's money as it should?
A5: distribution constraint | Social sciences and society |
Dialect | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. The Dialect Test was designed by Joseph Wright to compare different English dialects with each other. | Q1: What does a nonstandard dialect usually not have compared to a standard dialect?
A1: institutional support
Q2: What language is Scouse a dialect of?
A2: English
Q3: What was created for the sake of comparing English dialects?
A3: The Dialect Test
Q4: Who came up with the Dialect Test?
A4: Joseph Wright
Q5: Along with a syntax and grammar, what attribute does a dialect possess?
A5: vocabulary | Language and literature |
Adult_contemporary_music | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A notable pattern that developed during the 2000s and 2010s has been for certain pop songs to have lengthy runs on AC charts, even after the songs have fallen off the Hot 100. Adrian Moreira, senior vice president for adult music for RCA Music Group, said, "We've seen a fairly tidal shift in what AC will play". Rather than emphasizing older songs, adult contemporary was playing many of the same songs as top 40 and adult top 40, but only after the hits had become established. An article on MTV's website by Corey Moss describes this trend: "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life." | Q1: What is Adrian Moreira's job title?
A1: senior vice president for adult music
Q2: For what company does Adrian Moreira work?
A2: RCA Music Group
Q3: Who wrote, "In other words, AC stations are where pop songs go to die a very long death. Or, to optimists, to get a second life"?
A3: Corey Moss
Q4: Where was Corey Moss' article published?
A4: MTV's website
Q5: When do adult contemporary stations begin to play Top 40 songs?
A5: after the hits had become established | Music |
Protestantism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A noteworthy development in 20th-century Protestant Christianity was the rise of the modern Pentecostal movement. Sprung from Methodist and Wesleyan roots, it arose out of meetings at an urban mission on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. From there it spread around the world, carried by those who experienced what they believed to be miraculous moves of God there. These Pentecost-like manifestations have steadily been in evidence throughout the history, such as seen in the two Great Awakenings. Pentecostalism, which in turn birthed the Charismatic movement within already established denominations, continues to be an important force in Western Christianity. | Q1: What modern movement began in the 20th century?
A1: the modern Pentecostal movement
Q2: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?
A2: Methodist and Wesleyan
Q3: What movement did Pentecostalism create?
A3: the Charismatic movement
Q4: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?
A5: urban | Philosophy and religion |
Department_store | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and changed the marketing plan, instituting fixed prices and guarantees that allowed exchanges and refunds, advertising, and a much wider variety of merchandise. The annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860. In 1869 he built much larger building at 24 rue de Sèvres on the Left Bank, and enlarged the store again in 1872, with help from the engineering firm of Gustave Eiffel, creator of the Eiffel Tower. The income rose from twenty million francs in 1870 to 72 million at the time of the Boucicaut's death in 1877. The floor space had increased from three hundred square meters in 1838 to fifty thousand, and the number of employees had increased from twelve in 1838 to 1788 in 1879. Boucicaut was famous for his marketing innovations; a reading room for husbands while their wives shopped; extensive newspaper advertising; entertainment for children; and six million catalogs sent out to customers. By 1880 half the employees were women; unmarried women employees lived in dormitories on the upper floors. | Q1: What store was founded in Paris, in 1838, which sold a wide variety of products?
A1: Au Bon Marché
Q2: Who became a partner to this store in 1852 and drastically changed operations?
A2: Aristide Boucicaut
Q3: What was the change in profit to Au Bon Marche after these changes?
A3: increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860
Q4: What engineering company helped the store expand in 1872
A4: Gustave Eiffel
Q5: What was Boucicaut most widely known for?
A5: marketing innovations | Social sciences and society |
Brigham_Young_University | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters. | Q1: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU?
A1: Krešimir Ćosić
Q2: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU?
A2: Ty Detmer
Q3: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU?
A3: Jim McMahon
Q4: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU?
A4: Mike Weir
Q5: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open?
A5: Johnny Miller | Philosophy and religion |
Dog | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate. | Q1: Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?
A1: toxic
Q2: Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?
A2: xylitol
Q3: What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?
A3: macadamia
Q4: What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?
A4: theobromine
Q5: Some human foods can be what to dogs?
A5: toxic
Q6: What in tobacco can hurt dogs?
A6: nicotine
Q7: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?
A7: dark | Natural sciences |
Bern | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International. | Q1: What congresses were held in Bern?
A1: First and Second Internationals
Q2: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?
A2: Switzerland was neutral | Geography and places |
Somerset | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night. They were designed to mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets. One, on the radio beam flight path to Bristol, was constructed on Beacon Batch. It was laid out by Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights, simulating activities like the stoking of steam locomotives. Burning bales of straw soaked in creosote were used to simulate the effects of incendiary bombs dropped by the first wave of Pathfinder night bombers; meanwhile, incendiary bombs dropped on the correct location were quickly smothered, wherever possible. Drums of oil were also ignited to simulate the effect of a blazing city or town, with the aim of fooling subsequent waves of bombers into dropping their bombs on the wrong location. The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941. The following night the Uphill decoy town, protecting Weston-super-Mare's airfield, was bombed; a herd of dairy cows was hit, killing some and severely injuring others. | Q1: Why were decoy towns used in WW2
A1: decoy towns were constructed in Somerset in World War II to protect Bristol and other towns, at night
Q2: What did the decoy towns mimic
A2: mimic the geometry of "blacked out" streets, railway lines, and Bristol Temple Meads railway station, to encourage bombers away from these targets
Q3: Who layed out Beacon Batch
A3: Shepperton Studios, based on aerial photographs of the city's railway marshalling yards. The decoys were fitted with dim red lights
Q4: What decoy city was hit
A4: The Chew Magna decoy town was hit by half-a-dozen bombs on 2 December 1940, and over a thousand incendiaries on 3 January 1941 | Geography and places |
Renewable_energy_commercialization | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption. According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries. | Q1: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?
A1: Stern Review
Q2: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?
A2: 2006
Q3: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?
A3: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices | Engineering and technology |
Tuberculosis | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of medications are being studied for multi drug resistant tuberculosis including: bedaquiline and delamanid. Bedaquiline received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in late 2012. The safety and effectiveness of these new agents are still uncertain, because they are based on the results of a relatively small studies. However, existing data suggest that patients taking bedaquiline in addition to standard TB therapy are five times more likely to die than those without the new drug, which has resulted in medical journal articles raising health policy questions about why the FDA approved the drug and whether financial ties to the company making bedaquiline influenced physicians' support for its use | Q1: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?
A1: Bedaquiline
Q2: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?
A2: 2012
Q3: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?
A3: five times
Q4: Opposition to the use of bedaquiline think what providers were influenced by a connection with the drug company?
A4: physicians
Q5: What type of publication has put out articles questioning bedaquiline's safety?
A5: medical journal | Natural sciences |
Pain | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain in some conditions, though the number of patients enrolled in the studies was low, bringing up issues of power to detect group differences, and most lacked credible controls for placebo and/or expectation. The authors concluded that "although the findings provide support for the general applicability of hypnosis in the treatment of chronic pain, considerably more research will be needed to fully determine the effects of hypnosis for different chronic-pain conditions." | Q1: Clinical hypnosis may be effective in doing what with pain associated with surgical procedures in adults and children?
A1: controlling
Q2: How many studies in 2007 found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of chronic pain?
A2: 13
Q3: What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?
A3: credible controls for placebo and/or expectation
Q4: What is considerable more research needed to determine for different chronic pain conditions?
A4: effects of hypnosis | Language and literature |
Buddhism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of modern movements or tendencies in Buddhism emerged during the second half of the 20th Century, including the Dalit Buddhist movement (also sometimes called 'neo-Buddhism'), Engaged Buddhism, and the further development of various Western Buddhist traditions. | Q1: When did a number of modern movement in Buddhism emerge?
A1: second half of the 20th Century
Q2: What is the Dalit buddhist movement sometimes called?
A2: neo-Buddhism | Philosophy and religion |
Presbyterianism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland. | Q1: When was the earliest Presbyterian churches founded by Scotland in England?
A1: 19th century
Q2: In what year during the Presbyterian movement in England was referred to as the "Disruption"?
A2: 1843 | History |
Apollo | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a title that was given to the god Nergal, who was linked to Shamash, Babylonian god of the sun. The role of Apollo as god of plague is evident in the invocation of Apollo Smintheus ("mouse Apollo") by Chryses, the Trojan priest of Apollo, with the purpose of sending a plague against the Greeks (the reasoning behind a god of the plague becoming a god of healing is of course apotropaic, meaning that the god responsible for bringing the plague must be appeased in order to remove the plague). | Q1: Who is a god of plague?
A1: Aplu
Q2: What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?
A2: the son of Enlil
Q3: What title was given to the god Nergal?
A3: Akkadian Aplu Enlil
Q4: Who was the Trojan priest of Apollo?
A4: Chryses | Philosophy and religion |
Age_of_Enlightenment | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of novel ideas about religion developed with the Enlightenment, including Deism and talk of atheism. Deism, according to Thomas Paine, is the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source. Instead, the Deist relies solely on personal reason to guide his creed, which was eminently agreeable to many thinkers of the time. Atheism was much discussed, but there were few proponents. Wilson and Reill note that, "In fact, very few enlightened intellectuals, even when they were vocal critics of Christianity, were true atheists. Rather, they were critics of orthodox belief, wedded rather to skepticism, deism, vitalism, or perhaps pantheism." Some followed Pierre Bayle and argued that atheists could indeed be moral men. Many others like Voltaire held that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined. That is, since atheists gave themselves to no Supreme Authority and no law, and had no fear of eternal consequences, they were far more likely to disrupt society. Bayle (1647–1706) observed that in his day, "prudent persons will always maintain an appearance of [religion].". He believed that even atheists could hold concepts of honor and go beyond their own self-interest to create and interact in society. Locke said that if there were no God and no divine law, the result would be moral anarchy: every individual "could have no law but his own will, no end but himself. He would be a god to himself, and the satisfaction of his own will the sole measure and end of all his actions". | Q1: According to Thomas Paine, what is the definition of Deism?
A1: the simple belief in God the Creator, with no reference to the Bible or any other miraculous source
Q2: Which philosopher argued that atheists could indeed be moral men?
A2: Pierre Bayle
Q3: Which philosopher argued that without belief in a God who punishes evil, the moral order of society was undermined?
A3: Voltaire
Q4: Who felt that since atheists gave themselves no Supreme Authority and no law, they were more likely to disrupt society?
A4: Voltaire | Philosophy and religion |
Asthma | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of other health conditions occur more frequently in those with asthma, including gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea. Psychological disorders are also more common, with anxiety disorders occurring in between 16–52% and mood disorders in 14–41%. However, it is not known if asthma causes psychological problems or if psychological problems lead to asthma. Those with asthma, especially if it is poorly controlled, are at high risk for radiocontrast reactions. | Q1: Do other health concerns happen less frequently or more frequently with asthma?
A1: more frequently
Q2: What are three of the other health conditions that occur more frequently with asthma?
A2: gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnea
Q3: What other type of disorders are frequent in asthma sufferers?
A3: Psychological disorders
Q4: What are those with asthma that is poorly controll more susceptable to?
A4: radiocontrast reactions | Natural sciences |
Political_corruption | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance. | Q1: A second set of corruption metrics has been compiled by Global Integrity and what other organization?
A1: International Budget Partnership
Q2: When was the Global Integrity Index first published?
A2: 2004
Q3: Both companies no longer use what means of collecting of data?
A3: public surveys
Q4: Instead of public surveys, the organizations use what to study corruption?
A4: in-country experts | Social sciences and society |
Association_football | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations. | Q1: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?
A1: substitutes
Q2: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?
A2: three
Q3: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?
A3: individual football associations | History |
Pub | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the "oldest inn in England". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book. | Q1: What pub holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest in England?
A1: Ye Olde Fighting Cocks
Q2: In what century was the building occupied by Ye Olde Fighting Cocks built?
A2: 11th
Q3: Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located?
A3: Nottingham
Q4: When does Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem claim to have been founded?
A4: 1189
Q5: When was a pub documented as existing on the current site of the Nags Head?
A5: 1086 | History |
Nanjing | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of sculptural ensembles of that era, erected at the tombs of royals and other dignitaries, have survived (in various degrees of preservation) in Nanjing's northeastern and eastern suburbs, primarily in Qixia and Jiangning District. Possibly the best preserved of them is the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu (475–518), a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang. The period of division ended when the Sui Dynasty reunified China and almost destroyed the entire city, turning it into a small town. | Q1: What has survived in Nanjing's suburbs?
A1: A number of sculptural ensembles
Q2: In what district are these sculptural pieces located?
A2: Qixia and Jiangning District
Q3: Which piece is the best, in terms of preservation condition?
A3: the ensemble of the Tomb of Xiao Xiu
Q4: Who was Xiao Xiu?
A4: a brother of Emperor Wu of Liang
Q5: When did Xiao Xiu live?
A5: 475–518 | Geography and places |
Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of special controllers designed for use with specific games were released for the system, though very few such devices proved particularly popular. Such devices included, but were not limited to, the Zapper (a light gun), the R.O.B., and the Power Pad. The original Famicom featured a deepened DA-15 expansion port on the front of the unit, which was used to connect most auxiliary devices. On the NES, these special controllers were generally connected to one of the two control ports on the front of the console. | Q1: What was the light gun controller called?
A1: Zapper
Q2: What was the name of the auxiliary port used to connect additional devices on the Famicom?
A2: DA-15
Q3: How were the special controllers connected to the NES?
A3: control ports on the front | Video games |
Alps | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of species of moths live in the Alps, some of which are believed to have evolved in the same habitat up to 120 million years ago, long before the Alps were created. Blue moths can commonly be seen drinking from the snow melt; some species of blue moths fly as high as 1,800 m (5,906 ft). The butterflies tend to be large, such as those from the swallowtail Parnassius family, with a habitat that ranges to 1,800 m (5,906 ft). Twelve species of beetles have habitats up to the snow line; the most beautiful and formerly collected for its colours but now protected is the Rosalia alpina. Spiders, such as the large wolf spider, live above the snow line and can be seen as high as 400 m (1,312 ft). Scorpions can be found in the Italian Alps. | Q1: How long have some species of moths believed to have evolved from the same habitat?
A1: 120 million years
Q2: What can be commonly seen drinking from the snow melt?
A2: Blue moths
Q3: The swallowtail Parnassius family of butterfly habitat ranges up to how much?
A3: 1,800 m (5,906 ft)
Q4: What species of beetles are were collected for their colors before being protected?
A4: Rosalia alpina | Geography and places |
Infection | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development. | Q1: What have a number of studies found a correlation between?
A1: pathogen load in an area and human behavior
Q2: What is higher pathogen load associated with?
A2: decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area
Q3: What does avoidance of other groups reduce?
A3: pathogen transmission
Q4: What does more restricted sexual behavior result in?
A4: Higher pathogen load
Q5: What may poor socioeconomic factors ultimately in part be due to?
A5: high pathogen load preventing economic development. | Natural sciences |
Asphalt | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of technologies allow asphalt/bitumen to be mixed at much lower temperatures. These involve mixing with petroleum solvents to form "cutbacks" with reduced melting point, or mixtures with water to turn the asphalt/bitumen into an emulsion. Asphalt emulsions contain up to 70% asphalt/bitumen and typically less than 1.5% chemical additives. There are two main types of emulsions with different affinity for aggregates, cationic and anionic. Asphalt emulsions are used in a wide variety of applications. Chipseal involves spraying the road surface with asphalt emulsion followed by a layer of crushed rock, gravel or crushed slag. Slurry seal involves the creation of a mixture of asphalt emulsion and fine crushed aggregate that is spread on the surface of a road. Cold-mixed asphalt can also be made from asphalt emulsion to create pavements similar to hot-mixed asphalt, several inches in depth and asphalt emulsions are also blended into recycled hot-mix asphalt to create low-cost pavements. | Q1: What does mixing bitumen with water create?
A1: emulsion
Q2: What percentage of bitumen is found in bitumen/water emulsions?
A2: 70%
Q3: What are the two types of bitumen emulsions?
A3: cationic and anionic
Q4: What are some bitumen emulsions blended with to make a low-cost product?
A4: recycled
Q5: What kind of asphalt pavements an cold-mix asphalt resemble?
A5: hot-mixed | Natural sciences |
Detroit | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise Services are located at the Renaissance Center. PricewaterhouseCoopers Plaza offices are adjacent to Ford Field, and Ernst & Young completed its office building at One Kennedy Square in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices. In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside Washington, D.C.'s metropolitan area. | Q1: What Tech company is based in Detroit?
A1: Compuware
Q2: What insurance company is located in downtown Detroit?
A2: Blue Cross Blue Shield
Q3: Which company moved it's world headquarters to Detroit in 2010?
A3: Quicken Loans
Q4: What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit?
A4: Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office | Geography and places |
Avicenna | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. However, the 14th cenutry Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia. Conversely, Sharaf Khorasani, citing a rejection of an invitation of the Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi by Avicenna to his court, believes that Avicenna was an Ismaili. Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia. | Q1: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?
A1: the Brethren of Purity
Q2: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?
A2: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī
Q3: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of?
A3: Sunni
Q4: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia?
A4: Nurullah Shushtari
Q5: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?
A5: Jules J. Janssens | Language and literature |
London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of universities in London are outside the University of London system, including Brunel University, City University London, Imperial College London, Kingston University, London Metropolitan University, Middlesex University, University of East London, University of West London and University of Westminster, (with over 34,000 students, the largest unitary university in London), London South Bank University, Middlesex University, University of the Arts London (the largest university of art, design, fashion, communication and the performing arts in Europe), University of East London, the University of West London and the University of Westminster. In addition there are three international universities in London – Regent's University London, Richmond, The American International University in London and Schiller International University. | Q1: What is the student population of University of Westminster?
A1: 34,000
Q2: How many international universities operate in London?
A2: three
Q3: In what suburb is the American International University in London located?
A3: Richmond
Q4: What is Europe's largest university for degrees in communication and performing arts?
A4: University of the Arts London | Geography and places |
Marshall_Islands | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3 | Q1: Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834?
A1: Captain DonSette
Q2: What vessel was attacked in 1845?
A2: Naiad
Q3: What ships were attacked in 1852?
A3: Glencoe and Sea Nymph
Q4: In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands?
A4: 1857
Q5: On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands?
A5: Ebon
Q6: Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834?
A6: Captain DonSette
Q7: In what year was the ship Naiad attacked by natives?
A7: 1845
Q8: What type of ship was the Naiad?
A8: schooner
Q9: Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing?
A9: San Francisco
Q10: Where did missionaries live as of 1857?
A10: Ebon | Geography and places |
London | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times. | Q1: In terms of teaching and research, what is the world's foremost institute of social science?
A1: London School of Economics
Q2: Where is University College London, or UCL, ranked among the world's best colleges and universities?
A2: 5th
Q3: The Financial Times rated what school's MBA program 2nd-best in the world in 2015?
A3: The London Business School
Q4: What school in London shares the rank of 2nd best in the world with the famous University of Cambridge in the 2014-2015 World University Rankings?
A4: Imperial College London | Geography and places |
Somalis | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A number of writing systems have been used over the years for transcribing the language. Of these, the Somali alphabet is the most widely used, and has been the official writing script in Somalia since the government of former President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre formally introduced it in October 1972. The script was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for the Somali language, and uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p, v and z. Besides Ahmed's Latin script, other orthographies that have been used for centuries for writing Somali include the long-established Arabic script and Wadaad's writing. Indigenous writing systems developed in the twentieth century include the Osmanya, Borama and Kaddare scripts, which were invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid, Abdurahman Sheikh Nuur and Hussein Sheikh Ahmed Kaddare, respectively. | Q1: What is the most frequently used writing script for the Somali language?
A1: the Somali alphabet
Q2: Who introduced the Somali alphabet?
A2: Mohamed Siad Barre
Q3: In what month and year was the Somali alphabet introduced?
A3: October 1972
Q4: Who created the Somali alphabet?
A4: Shire Jama Ahmed
Q5: Who invented the Osmanya script?
A5: Osman Yusuf Kenadid | Geography and places |
Political_philosophy | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely "liberty as non-domination." Unlike liberals who understand liberty as "non-interference," "non-domination" entails individuals not being subject to the arbitrary will of anyother person. To a liberal, a slave who is not interfered with may be free, yet to a republican the mere status as a slave, regardless of how that slave is treated, is objectionable. Prominent republicans include historian Quentin Skinner, jurist Cass Sunstein, and political philosopher Philip Pettit. The capability approach, pioneered by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and further developed by legal scholar Martha Nussbaum, understands freedom under allied lines: the real-world ability to act. Both the capability approach and republicanism treat choice as something which must be resourced. In other words, it is not enough to be legally able to do something, but to have the real option of doing it. | Q1: When did republicanism and the capability approach arise?
A1: the end of the 20th century
Q2: What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty?
A2: The resurgent republican movement
Q3: Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen pioneered what approach?
A3: The capability approach | History |
Symbiosis | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A parasitic relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits while the other is harmed. This is also known as antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis. Parasitic symbioses take many forms, from endoparasites that live within the host's body to ectoparasites that live on its surface. In addition, parasites may be necrotrophic, which is to say they kill their host, or biotrophic, meaning they rely on their host's surviving. Biotrophic parasitism is an extremely successful mode of life. Depending on the definition used, as many as half of all animals have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles, and it is also frequent in plants and fungi. Moreover, almost all free-living animals are host to one or more parasite taxa. An example of a biotrophic relationship would be a tick feeding on the blood of its host. | Q1: Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what?
A1: A parasitic relationship
Q2: What is it called when organisms are lethal to their host?
A2: necrotrophic
Q3: What is it called when parasites need their host to live?
A3: biotrophic
Q4: What proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage?
A4: as many as half
Q5: Name a biotrophic organism.
A5: a tick | Natural sciences |
Buddhism | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A particular criticism of the Buddha was Vedic animal sacrifice.[web 18] He also mocked the Vedic "hymn of the cosmic man". However, the Buddha was not anti-Vedic, and declared that the Veda in its true form was declared by "Kashyapa" to certain rishis, who by severe penances had acquired the power to see by divine eyes. He names the Vedic rishis, and declared that the original Veda of the rishis[note 25] was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced animal sacrifices. The Buddha says that it was on this alteration of the true Veda that he refused to pay respect to the Vedas of his time. However, he did not denounce the union with Brahman,[note 26] or the idea of the self uniting with the Self. At the same time, the traditional Hindu itself gradually underwent profound changes, transforming it into what is recognized as early Hinduism. | Q1: A criticism the Buddha gave dealing with animals was?
A1: Vedic animal sacrifice
Q2: The Buddha mocked what hymn of the Vedic?
A2: hymn of the cosmic man
Q3: The original Veda of the rishis was altered by a few Brahmins who introduced what?
A3: animal sacrifices
Q4: The Buddha refused to pay respect to who, during their time of animal sacrifice?
A4: Vedas | Philosophy and religion |
Treaty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A party may claim that a treaty should be terminated, even absent an express provision, if there has been a fundamental change in circumstances. Such a change is sufficient if unforeseen, if it undermined the “essential basis” of consent by a party, if it radically transforms the extent of obligations between the parties, and if the obligations are still to be performed. A party cannot base this claim on change brought about by its own breach of the treaty. This claim also cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew political boundaries.[citation needed] | Q1: What might result in a party to a treaty claiming a treaty should be terminated even absent an express provision for its termination?
A1: a fundamental change in circumstances
Q2: A party cannot base its claim of a fundamental change in circumstances if the change was brought about by what?
A2: its own breach of the treaty
Q3: The claim of a fundamental change in circumstances cannot be used to invalidate treaties that established or redrew what?
A3: political boundaries
Q4: The radical transformation of what aspect of the obligations between the parties is a necessary condition for a claim of a fundamental change in circumstances to terminate a treaty?
A4: the extent of obligations
Q5: In order to be considered a fundamental change, a change in circumstances must have been what at the time of the adoption of the treaty?
A5: unforeseen | Language and literature |
Treaty | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under that state's domestic law. States are reluctant to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states, and so a "manifest violation" is required such that it would be "objectively evident to any State dealing with the matter". A strong presumption exists internationally that a head of state has acted within his proper authority. It seems that no treaty has ever actually been invalidated on this provision.[citation needed] | Q1: A party's consent to a treaty is invalid if it had been given by an agent or body without power to do so under what?
A1: that state's domestic law
Q2: For what does a strong presumption exist internationally that a head of state has acted within in entering into a treaty?
A2: his proper authority
Q3: What is required to invalidate a party's consent due to a reluctance to inquire into the internal affairs and processes of other states?
A3: a "manifest violation"
Q4: A manifest violation is required to invalidate a party's consent to a treaty due to a reluctance internationally to inquire into what aspects of other states?
A4: the internal affairs and processes
Q5: What might a party's consent to a treaty be considered if it has been given by an agent without the power under the state's domestic law to do so?
A5: invalid | Language and literature |
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party. He is instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation. He is kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration. Such information is derived in part from the floor leader's contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization. | Q1: Who plays an influential role in the formation of party policy?
A1: A party's floor leader
Q2: In what role are the floor leader's instrumental for legislation?
A2: guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party
Q3: How are floor leaders kept informed of legislative status?
A3: contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization | History |
Intellectual_property | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor, giving the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfil three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17 | Q1: Who grants a patent?
A1: the government
Q2: Who is a patent granted to?
A2: an inventor
Q3: How many requirements does an invention need to fulfill for a patent?
A3: three
Q4: An invention is a solution to what type of problem?
A4: technological
Q5: What is a patent offered in exchange for?
A5: public disclosure of the invention | History |
Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A pater familias was the senior priest of his household. He offered daily cult to his lares and penates, and to his di parentes/divi parentes at his domestic shrines and in the fires of the household hearth. His wife (mater familias) was responsible for the household's cult to Vesta. In rural estates, bailiffs seem to have been responsible for at least some of the household shrines (lararia) and their deities. Household cults had state counterparts. In Vergil's Aeneid, Aeneas brought the Trojan cult of the lares and penates from Troy, along with the Palladium which was later installed in the temple of Vesta. | Q1: Who was the senior priest of the household in Rome?
A1: pater familias
Q2: Which individual in the household was responsible for the Vesta cult?
A2: wife
Q3: Which ancient hero brought the lares cult to Rome?
A3: Aeneas
Q4: From what city did Aeneas bring the lares cult?
A4: Troy
Q5: What was put in the temple of Vesta?
A5: Palladium | History |
Florida | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. | Q1: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US
A1: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles
Q2: What level is most of the land in florida
A2: Much of the state is at or near sea level
Q3: What is the florida climate
A3: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south
Q4: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida
A4: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee
Q5: Name a National Park in Florida
A5: Everglades National Park | Geography and places |
Labour_Party_(UK) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A perceived turning point was when Blair controversially allied himself with US President George W. Bush in supporting the Iraq War, which caused him to lose much of his political support. The UN Secretary-General, among many, considered the war illegal. The Iraq War was deeply unpopular in most western countries, with Western governments divided in their support and under pressure from worldwide popular protests. The decisions that led up to the Iraq war and its subsequent conduct are currently the subject of Sir John Chilcot's Iraq Inquiry. | Q1: Who did Tony Blair side with?
A1: President George W. Bush
Q2: Why did Blair side with Bush?
A2: the Iraq War
Q3: Who has an active Iraq War inquiry?
A3: Sir John Chilcot
Q4: Was the idea of the Iraq War popular or unpopular in Western countries?
A4: deeply unpopular | Geography and places |
Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A period of division for the Liberals followed, with former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock for supremacy. The Australian economy was facing the early 1990s recession. Unemployment reached 11.4% in 1992. Under Dr John Hewson, in November 1991, the opposition launched the 650-page Fightback! policy document − a radical collection of "dry", economic liberal measures including the introduction of a Goods and Services Tax (GST), various changes to Medicare including the abolition of bulk billing for non-concession holders, the introduction of a nine-month limit on unemployment benefits, various changes to industrial relations including the abolition of awards, a $13 billion personal income tax cut directed at middle and upper income earners, $10 billion in government spending cuts, the abolition of state payroll taxes and the privatisation of a large number of government owned enterprises − representing the start of a very different future direction to the keynesian economic conservatism practiced by previous Liberal/National Coalition governments. The 15 percent GST was the centerpiece of the policy document. Through 1992, Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating mounted a campaign against the Fightback package, and particularly against the GST, which he described as an attack on the working class in that it shifted the tax burden from direct taxation of the wealthy to indirect taxation as a broad-based consumption tax. Pressure group activity and public opinion was relentless, which led Hewson to exempt food from the proposed GST − leading to questions surrounding the complexity of what food was and wasn't to be exempt from the GST. Hewson's difficulty in explaining this to the electorate was exemplified in the infamous birthday cake interview, considered by some as a turning point in the election campaign. Keating won a record fifth consecutive Labor term at the 1993 election. A number of the proposals were later adopted in to law in some form, to a small extent during the Keating Labor government, and to a larger extent during the Howard Liberal government (most famously the GST), while unemployment benefits and bulk billing were re-targeted for a time by the Abbott Liberal government. | Q1: Which two title holders fought for political power in the early 1990s?
A1: former Treasurer John Howard competing with former Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock
Q2: What was the Australian unemployment rate in 1992?
A2: 11.4%
Q3: What discussion proved an example of the difficulty of explaining what foods were and were not included in the Goods and Services Tax?
A3: the infamous birthday cake interview | History |
New_York_City | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan. The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small band of the Lenape, in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (about $1000 in 2006); a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads. | Q1: On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?
A1: Governors Island
Q2: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?
A2: Manhattan Island
Q3: In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?
A3: 1625
Q4: What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?
A4: Peter Minuit
Q5: In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?
A5: 1626
Q6: New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?
A6: 1624
Q7: What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?
A7: 1625
Q8: What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?
A8: glass beads | Geography and places |
Uranium | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health. | Q1: What is OSHA?
A1: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Q2: What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?
A2: 0.25 mg/m3
Q3: What does REL stand for?
A3: recommended exposure limit
Q4: What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
A4: 0.2 mg/m3
Q5: At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
A5: 10 mg/m3 | Natural sciences |
Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years. | Q1: What is a person from Ann Arbor called?
A1: Ann Arborite
Q2: In recent years what has Ann Arbor become?
A2: gentrified
Q3: Which city is referred to as the "People's Republic of Ann Arbor"?
A3: Ann Arbor | History |
Identity_(social_science) | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A person may display either relative weakness or relative strength in terms of both exploration and commitments. When assigned categories, four possible permutations result: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. Diffusion is when a person lacks both exploration in life and interest in committing even to those unchosen roles that he or she occupies. Foreclosure is when a person has not chosen extensively in the past, but seems willing to commit to some relevant values, goals, or roles in the future. Moratorium is when a person displays a kind of flightiness, ready to make choices but unable to commit to them. Finally, achievement is when a person makes identity choices and commits to them. | Q1: What may a person display in terms of both exploration and commitments?
A1: relative weakness or relative strength
Q2: What is the permutation when a person lacks exploration and commitment?
A2: identity diffusion
Q3: What is the permutation when a person has not chosen goals in the past but is willing to in the future?
A3: identity foreclosure
Q4: What is the permutation when a person is ready to make commitments but unable to commit?
A4: identity moratorium
Q5: What is the permutation when a person commits to identity choices?
A5: identity achievement | Philosophy and religion |
Pain | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does". To assess intensity, the patient may be asked to locate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain at all, and 10 the worst pain they have ever felt. Quality can be established by having the patient complete the McGill Pain Questionnaire indicating which words best describe their pain. | Q1: What is the most reliable measure of pain?
A1: person's self-report
Q2: What do health-care professionals tend to underestimate?
A2: severity
Q3: What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?
A3: definition of pain
Q4: What scale might a patient be asked to locate their pain on?
A4: 0 to 10
Q5: What are patients asked to use the McGill Pain Questionnaire to indicate?
A5: which words best describe their pain | Language and literature |
USB | Generate question-answer pairs from the given context. Format each pair as Q<number>: <question>
A<number>: <answer>. | A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable. | Q1: What are logical sub-devices referred to as?
A1: device functions
Q2: A single device can provide an audio device function such as?
A2: built-in microphone
Q3: A single device can provide a video device function such as?
A3: a webcam | Engineering and technology |