sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name (@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN v_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name (employee_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
INTO v_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN v_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('greet_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE greet_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE greet_customer (@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
*** omer's name.
SELECT @name = name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
*** customer ID.
IF name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid customer ID', 16, 1);
END
*** message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello ' + isnull(name, '') + ', welcome to our store!');
END greet_customer;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_product_price', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_product_price;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_product_price (@product_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
*** uct's price.
SELECT @price = price FROM products WHERE product_id = product_id;
*** product ID.
IF price IS NULL BEGIN
RETURN -1; *** value to indicate an error.
END
*** t's price.
RETURN price;
END get_product_price;
BEGIN
-- De... ***
customer_id NUMBER;
product_id NUMBER;
product_price NUMBER;
*** or customer ID and product ID.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Enter customer ID: ');
set @customer_id = CAST(DBMS_INPUT.GET_LINE AS FLOAT);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Enter product ID: ');
set @product_id = CAST(DBMS_INPUT.GET_LINE AS FLOAT);
*** stomer procedure to greet the customer.
dbo.greet_customer(customer_id);
*** uct_price function to get the product's price.
set @product_price = dbo.get_product_price(product_id);
IF product_price < 0 BEGIN
*** alid.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid product ID.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** ct's price.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Product price: ' + isnull(product_price, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE greet_customer (customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
-- Retrieve the customer's name.
SELECT name INTO name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
-- Check for invalid customer ID.
IF name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid customer ID');
END IF;
-- Output a greeting message.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello ' || name || ', welcome to our store!');
END greet_customer;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_product_price (product_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
-- Retrieve the product's price.
SELECT price INTO price FROM products WHERE product_id = product_id;
-- Check for invalid product ID.
IF price IS NULL THEN
RETURN -1; -- Return a negative value to indicate an error.
END IF;
-- Return the product's price.
RETURN price;
END get_product_price;
BEGIN
-- Declare variables.
customer_id NUMBER;
product_id NUMBER;
product_price NUMBER;
-- Prompt the user for customer ID and product ID.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Enter customer ID: ');
customer_id := TO_NUMBER(DBMS_INPUT.GET_LINE);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Enter product ID: ');
product_id := TO_NUMBER(DBMS_INPUT.GET_LINE);
-- Call the greet_customer procedure to greet the customer.
greet_customer(customer_id);
-- Call the get_product_price function to get the product's price.
product_price := get_product_price(product_id);
IF product_price < 0 THEN
-- Product ID is invalid.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Invalid product ID.');
ELSE
-- Display the product's price.
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Product price: ' || product_price);
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_procedure', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_procedure;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
@id_in IN AS NUMBER,
name_in IN VARCHAR2,
out_param OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
var1 dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @var1 = name FROM my_table WHERE id = id_in;
IF var1 IS NULL BEGIN
set @out_param = 'Not found';
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @out_param = isnull(name_in, '') + ' ' + isnull(var1, '');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_procedure(
id_in IN NUMBER,
name_in IN VARCHAR2,
out_param OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
var1 VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO var1 FROM my_table WHERE id = id_in;
IF var1 IS NULL THEN
out_param := 'Not found';
ELSE
out_param := name_in || ' ' || var1;
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_id SMALLINT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
v_department dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
cursor c_name_dept IS
SELECT ename,deptno
FROM employees;
BEGIN
*** he cursor
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR c_name_dept LOOP
SET @v_id = @rec_deptno;
SET @v_name = @rec_ename;
SET @v_department = NULL;
*** turned
IF @v_id IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_name = 'No rows found!';
*** no department assigned
END
ELSE IF v_department IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_department = 'N/A';
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** rtment name from the departments table
SELECT @v_department = deptname
FROM departments
WHERE deptno = @v_id;
*** not found
IF v_department IS NULL BEGIN
SET @v_department = 'Unknown department!';
END
END
-- Ou... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Name: ' + isnull(v_name, '') + ', Department: ' + isnull(v_department, ''));
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
EXCEPTION
*** that may occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred!');
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER(3);
v_name VARCHAR2(10);
v_department VARCHAR2(10);
cursor c_name_dept IS
SELECT ename,deptno
FROM employees;
BEGIN
-- Fetch rows from the cursor
FOR rec IN c_name_dept LOOP
v_id := rec.deptno;
v_name := rec.ename;
v_department := NULL;
-- Handle no rows returned
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
v_name := 'No rows found!';
-- Handle rows with no department assigned
ELSIF v_department IS NULL THEN
v_department := 'N/A';
ELSE
-- Retrieve the department name from the departments table
SELECT deptname
INTO v_department
FROM departments
WHERE deptno = v_id;
-- Handle department not found
IF v_department IS NULL THEN
v_department := 'Unknown department!';
END IF;
END IF;
-- Output the results
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Name: ' || v_name || ', Department: ' || v_department);
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that may occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('An error occurred!');
END;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || salary);
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
order_rc SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN order_rc;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE update_order_status(@order_id IN AS NUMBER, new_status IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET order_status = new_status
WHERE order_id = order_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
-- Ex... ***
DECLARE
@order_id FLOAT := 12345;
new_status dbo.VARCHAR2(20) := 'Shipped';
BEGIN
dbo.update_order_status(@order_id, new_status);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order status updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating order status: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
order_rc SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN order_rc FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN order_rc;
END;
CREATE PROCEDURE update_order_status(order_id IN NUMBER, new_status IN VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET order_status = new_status
WHERE order_id = order_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
-- Example of usage
DECLARE
order_id NUMBER := 12345;
new_status VARCHAR2(20) := 'Shipped';
BEGIN
update_order_status(order_id, new_status);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order status updated successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating order status: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE my_table (
id FLOAT,
name VARCHAR(255),
email VARCHAR(255)
);
END;
/
BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, email) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 'johndoe@example.com');
END;
/
BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'John Smith' WHERE id = 1;
END;
/
BEGIN
DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id = 1;
END;
/
BEGIN
IF id IS NULL OR name IS NULL OR email IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Missing required field', 16, 1);
END
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, email) VALUES (id, name, email);
END;
/
BEGIN
SELECT id, name, email FROM my_table WHERE id = 1;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE emp CURSOR FOR
SELECT id, name, email FROM employees;
OPEN emp;
FETCH emp INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@emp_name);
FETCH emp INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp;
DEALLOCATE emp;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_max_id FLOAT;
v_min_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_max_id = MAX(id) FROM my_table;
SELECT @v_min_id = MIN(id) FROM my_table;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @v_max_id = 0;
SET @v_min_id = 0;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Max ID: ' + isnull(@v_max_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Min ID: ' + isnull(v_min_id, ''));
END;
/
|
BEGIN
CREATE TABLE my_table (
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(255),
email VARCHAR2(255)
);
END;
/
BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, email) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 'johndoe@example.com');
END;
/
BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'John Smith' WHERE id = 1;
END;
/
BEGIN
DELETE FROM my_table WHERE id = 1;
END;
/
BEGIN
IF id IS NULL OR name IS NULL OR email IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Missing required field');
END IF;
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, email) VALUES (id, name, email);
END;
/
BEGIN
SELECT id, name, email FROM my_table WHERE id = 1;
END;
/
BEGIN
FOR emp IN (
SELECT id, name, email FROM employees
) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp.name);
END LOOP;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_max_id NUMBER;
v_min_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(id) INTO v_max_id FROM my_table;
SELECT MIN(id) INTO v_min_id FROM my_table;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
v_max_id := 0;
v_min_id := 0;
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Max ID: ' || v_max_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Min ID: ' || v_min_id);
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @v_num FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_num = SUM(salary) FROM employees;
IF @v_num > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Total salary exceeds 10000', 16, 1);
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc AS
BEGIN
DECLARE v_num NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO v_num FROM employees;
IF v_num > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Total salary exceeds 10000');
END IF;
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 1;
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename
INTO v_empno, v_ename
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 1;
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_balance', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_balance;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @balance = balance FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
IF balance IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
RETURN balance;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -1;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@customer_balance FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @customer_balance = dbo.get_customer_balance(1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer balance: ' + isnull(@customer_balance, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @customer_balance = 0;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @customer_balance = -1;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_balance(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO balance FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
IF balance IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer not found');
END IF;
RETURN balance;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -1;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
customer_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
customer_balance := get_customer_balance(1);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer balance: ' || customer_balance);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
customer_balance := 0;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
customer_balance := -1;
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_by_id', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_by_id;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS employeeDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN
AS
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
SELECT @employee = * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN employee;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(@emp_salary VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE @emp_department_id VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE @emp_employee_id VARCHAR(255);)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @emp_salary, department_id = @emp_department_id WHERE employee_id = @emp_employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value found in unique index.');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN employee%ROWTYPE
AS
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO employee FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN employee;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
RETURN NULL;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(emp employee%ROWTYPE)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = emp.salary, department_id = emp.department_id WHERE employee_id = emp.employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value found in unique index.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@emp_id FLOAT,
@salary FLOAT,
@dept_id FLOAT
) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @salary, dept_id = @dept_id
WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id;
END;
GO
BEGIN
-- Ca... ***
dbo.update_employee(100, 50000, 20);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Lo... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
*** ted employee data
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 100;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
emp_id NUMBER,
salary NUMBER,
dept_id NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary, dept_id = dept_id
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END;
/
BEGIN
-- Call the procedure
update_employee(100, 50000, 20);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Log the error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
-- Retrieve the updated employee data
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 100;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE proc(
@param1 IN AS VARCHAR2,
param2 IN OUT NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @param2 = COUNT(*) FROM table1 WHERE col1 = param1;
IF param2 > 0 BEGIN
UPDATE table1 SET col2 = col2 + 1 WHERE col1 = param1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
INSERT INTO table1 (col1, col2) VALUES (param1, 1);
END
END proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc(
param1 IN VARCHAR2,
param2 IN OUT NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param2 FROM table1 WHERE col1 = param1;
IF param2 > 0 THEN
UPDATE table1 SET col2 = col2 + 1 WHERE col1 = param1;
ELSE
INSERT INTO table1 (col1, col2) VALUES (param1, 1);
END IF;
END proc;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER
)
AS
orders_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No orders found for customer with ID ' + isnull(p_customer_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(
p_customer_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
orders_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN orders_cur FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No orders found for customer with ID ' || p_customer_id);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE CreateEmployee(@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2, p_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary) VALUES (p_name, p_salary);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
PROCEDURE CreateEmployee(p_name IN VARCHAR2, p_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary) VALUES (p_name, p_salary);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_salary(@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20000 Error updating salary', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_salary(p_employee_id IN NUMBER) AS
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error updating salary');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employees_by_dept', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employees_by_dept;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employees_by_dept(@dept_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = dept_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employees found for department ' + isnull(dept_id, ''), 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employees_by_dept(dept_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = dept_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employees found for department ' || dept_id);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_id = 100;
SET @v_emp_name = 'John Doe';
SET @v_emp_salary = 50000;
SET @v_bonus = 0.1 * v_emp_salary;
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
RAISERROR('-20101 More than one employee found with the same ID', 16, 1);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20102 Employee with ID ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_emp_id := 100;
v_emp_name := 'John Doe';
v_emp_salary := 50000;
v_bonus := 0.1 * v_emp_salary;
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'More than one employee found with the same ID');
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20102, 'Employee with ID ' || v_emp_id || ' not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno FROM emp WHERE deptno = 10;
IF @v_empno IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found in department 10', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno INTO v_empno FROM emp WHERE deptno = 10;
IF v_empno IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found in department 10');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_by_id', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_by_id;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_by_id(@id FLOAT)
RETURNS customer_tableDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN
IS
RETURN NULL;
END;
v_customer customer_table%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_customer = *
FROM customer_table
WHERE customer_id = id;
RETURN v_customer;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No customer found with the specified ID.', 16, 1);
END
END get_customer_by_id;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_by_id(id NUMBER)
RETURN customer_table%ROWTYPE
IS
v_customer customer_table%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT *
INTO v_customer
FROM customer_table
WHERE customer_id = id;
RETURN v_customer;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No customer found with the specified ID.');
END get_customer_by_id;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_name VARCHAR(50);
SELECT @emp_name = ename FROM employees WHERE empno = @id;
RETURN @emp_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET sal = @new_salary
WHERE empno = @id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee salary');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_id FLOAT := 100;
DECLARE @bonus FLOAT := 1000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET sal = sal + @bonus
WHERE empno = @emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
END; | CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO emp_name FROM employees WHERE empno = id;
RETURN emp_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET sal = new_salary
WHERE empno = id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error updating employee salary');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_id NUMBER := 100;
DECLARE bonus NUMBER := 1000;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET sal = sal + bonus
WHERE empno = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
END;
END; |
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('add_emp', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION add_emp;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION add_emp(@p_last_name VARCHAR(4000), @p_first_name VARCHAR(4000)) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_empno FLOAT;
INSERT INTO employees (last_name, first_name)
VALUES (@p_last_name, @p_first_name);
SET @v_empno = SCOPE_IDENTITY();
RETURN @v_empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RETURN -1;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -2;
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Added employee: ' + isnull(dbo.add_emp('Doe', 'John'), ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found.');
END
END;
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_emp(p_last_name VARCHAR2, p_first_name VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER AS
v_empno NUMBER;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (last_name, first_name)
VALUES (p_last_name, p_first_name)
RETURNING empno INTO v_empno;
RETURN v_empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
RETURN -1;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN -2;
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Added employee: ' || add_emp('Doe', 'John'));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found.');
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_empno SET @INTEGER = 7499;
v_salary INTEGER;
v_deptno INTEGER;
*** department number
SELECT @v_salary = salary, @v_deptno = deptno FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Up... ***
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
-- Ha... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_empno INTEGER := 7499;
v_salary INTEGER;
v_deptno INTEGER;
-- Select salary and department number
SELECT salary, deptno INTO v_salary, v_deptno FROM emp WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Update salary
UPDATE emp SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle errors
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, OUT salary OUT NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @salary = 0;
END
END;
DECLARE
@sal FLOAT;
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_salary(20, :sal);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @sal), ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, OUT salary OUT NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
salary := 0;
END;
DECLARE
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
get_employee_salary(20, :sal);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || TO_CHAR(sal));
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(@id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
BEGIN
DECLARE @name VARCHAR(255);
BEGIN
SELECT @name = @name FROM customers WHERE id = id;
RETURN @name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 'Customer not found';
END
END;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('transfer_funds', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE transfer_funds;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(@from_id IN AS NUMBER, to_id IN NUMBER, amount IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE @from_balance FLOAT;
DECLARE @to_balance FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @from_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE id = from_id;
SELECT @to_balance = balance FROM accounts WHERE id = to_id;
IF @from_balance < amount BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Insufficient funds', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE id = from_id;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = to_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Account not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
END;
DECLARE
@id FLOAT := 1;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET name = 'Customer ' + isnull(i, '') WHERE @id = @id;
INSERT INTO accounts (id, balance) VALUES (@id, 10000);
SET @id = @id + 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
NULL; *** customer names
END;
END;
END;
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(255);
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @name = @name, @balance = balance FROM customers c JOIN accounts a ON c.id = a.id WHERE c.id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer: ' + isnull(@name, '') + ', Balance: ' + isnull(balance, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_name(id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
BEGIN
DECLARE name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO name FROM customers WHERE id = id;
RETURN name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 'Customer not found';
END;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(from_id IN NUMBER, to_id IN NUMBER, amount IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
DECLARE from_balance NUMBER;
DECLARE to_balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT balance INTO from_balance FROM accounts WHERE id = from_id;
SELECT balance INTO to_balance FROM accounts WHERE id = to_id;
IF from_balance < amount THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Insufficient funds');
END IF;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE id = from_id;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = to_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Account not found');
END;
END;
DECLARE
id NUMBER := 1;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET name = 'Customer ' || i WHERE id = id;
INSERT INTO accounts (id, balance) VALUES (id, 10000);
id := id + 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
NULL; -- Ignore duplicate customer names
END;
END LOOP;
END;
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(255);
balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, balance INTO name, balance FROM customers c JOIN accounts a ON c.id = a.id WHERE c.id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer: ' || name || ', Balance: ' || balance);
END;
|
BEGIN
/* *** and cursors */
DECLARE
cursor_name CURSOR FOR
SELECT * FROM table_name;
record_count PLS_INTEGER;
status_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
/* Open cursor */
OPEN cursor_name;
/* Fetch records */
FETCH cursor_name INTO @record_count;
/* Close cursor */
CLOSE cursor_name;
/* Check for errors */
IF status_code <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
/* Handle errors */
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @status_code = @@ERROR;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
/* Declare variables and cursors */
DECLARE
cursor_name CURSOR FOR
SELECT * FROM table_name;
record_count PLS_INTEGER;
status_code NUMBER;
BEGIN
/* Open cursor */
OPEN cursor_name;
/* Fetch records */
FETCH cursor_name INTO record_count;
/* Close cursor */
CLOSE cursor_name;
/* Check for errors */
IF status_code <> 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
/* Handle errors */
WHEN OTHERS THEN
status_code := SQLCODE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id FLOAT NOT NULL,
customer_id FLOAT NOT NULL,
product_id FLOAT NOT NULL,
quantity FLOAT NOT NULL
);
CREATE PROCEDURE place_order (
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_product_id IN NUMBER,
p_quantity IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders (
customer_id,
product_id,
quantity
) VALUES (
p_customer_id,
p_product_id,
p_quantity
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
raise;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total (
@p_order_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
l_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_total = SUM(quantity)
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
RETURN l_total;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 0;
END
END;
|
CREATE TABLE orders (
order_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
customer_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
product_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
quantity NUMBER NOT NULL
);
CREATE PROCEDURE place_order (
p_customer_id IN NUMBER,
p_product_id IN NUMBER,
p_quantity IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders (
order_id,
customer_id,
product_id,
quantity
) VALUES (
order_seq.nextval,
p_customer_id,
p_product_id,
p_quantity
);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
raise;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total (
p_order_id IN NUMBER
) RETURN NUMBER IS
l_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(quantity)
INTO l_total
FROM orders
WHERE order_id = p_order_id;
RETURN l_total;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (
@p_in1 IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_in2 IN NUMBER,
OUT p_out1 OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_out2 OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Lo... ***
l_local1 dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
l_local2 NUMBER;
-- Pr... ***
set @p_out1 = UPPER(p_in1);
set @p_out2 = p_in2 * 2;
*** lex operations
set @l_local1 = 'hello, ' + isnull(p_in1, '');
set @l_local2 = p_in2 + 10;
*** necessary
IF l_local2 < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 local2 is negative', 16, 1);
END
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END my_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (
p_in1 IN VARCHAR2,
p_in2 IN NUMBER,
OUT p_out1 OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_out2 OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Local variables
l_local1 VARCHAR2(20);
l_local2 NUMBER;
-- Process inputs
p_out1 := UPPER(p_in1);
p_out2 := p_in2 * 2;
-- Perform some complex operations
l_local1 := 'hello, ' || p_in1;
l_local2 := p_in2 + 10;
-- Raise an error if necessary
IF l_local2 < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'local2 is negative');
END IF;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
END my_proc;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_CreateUser(@p_Username IN AS VARCHAR2, p_Password IN VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (p_Username, p_Password);
COMMIT;
END sp_CreateUser;
CREATE FUNCTION fn_GetUserId(@p_Username IN VARCHAR2DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE username = p_Username;
END fn_GetUserId;
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_UserId FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_UserId = dbo.fn_GetUserId('john');
END;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('User not found.');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_CreateUser(p_Username IN VARCHAR2, p_Password IN VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (p_Username, p_Password);
COMMIT;
END sp_CreateUser;
CREATE FUNCTION fn_GetUserId(p_Username IN VARCHAR2) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE username = p_Username;
END fn_GetUserId;
BEGIN
DECLARE v_UserId NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_UserId := fn_GetUserId('john');
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('User not found.');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @cur_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMP.empno%TYPE */;
DECLARE @cur_salary VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMP.salary%TYPE */;
DECLARE empno CURSOR FOR SELECT empno FROM emp; OPEN empno;
FETCH empno INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT @cur_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = empno;
IF @cur_salary < 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too low', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET salary = @cur_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = empno;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END *** ee without a salary
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
FETCH empno INTO;
END;
CLOSE empno;
DEALLOCATE empno;
COMMIT;
END;
/ | BEGIN
DECLARE cur_empno EMP.empno%TYPE;
DECLARE cur_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
FOR empno IN (SELECT empno FROM emp) LOOP
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO cur_salary FROM emp WHERE empno = empno;
IF cur_salary < 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too low');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET salary = cur_salary * 1.1 WHERE empno = empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL; -- Ignore any employee without a salary
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('some_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE some_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE some_proc (@param1 IN AS VARCHAR2) IS
var1 dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
var2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @var2 = COUNT(*) FROM some_table WHERE column1 = param1;
IF var2 > 0 BEGIN
set @var1 = 'Record found';
END
ELSE BEGIN
set @var1 = 'Record not found';
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(var1);
END some_proc;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE some_proc (param1 IN VARCHAR2) IS
var1 VARCHAR2(20);
var2 NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO var2 FROM some_table WHERE column1 = param1;
IF var2 > 0 THEN
var1 := 'Record found';
ELSE
var1 := 'Record not found';
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(var1);
END some_proc;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales(@p_product_id IN AS NUMBER, p_total_sales OUT NUMBER) IS
l_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_sales = SUM(sales) FROM sales WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
set @p_total_sales = l_sales;
END;
|
PROCEDURE calculate_total_sales(p_product_id IN NUMBER, p_total_sales OUT NUMBER) IS
l_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(sales) INTO l_sales FROM sales WHERE product_id = p_product_id;
p_total_sales := l_sales;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('InsertEmployee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE InsertEmployee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_dept_id IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary, dept_id, manager_id)
VALUES (p_emp_id, p_first_name, p_last_name, p_salary, p_dept_id, p_manager_id);
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('GetEmployeeSalary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary(
@p_emp_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
IF (dbo.GetEmployeeSalary(10) > 10000) BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too high', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE emp_id = 10;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER,
p_dept_id IN NUMBER,
p_manager_id IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, first_name, last_name, salary, dept_id, manager_id)
VALUES (p_emp_id, p_first_name, p_last_name, p_salary, p_dept_id, p_manager_id);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetEmployeeSalary(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
IF (GetEmployeeSalary(10) > 10000) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too high');
ELSE
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE emp_id = 10;
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
v_col1 NUMBER;
v_col2 dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM t1;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH v_cursor INTO @v_col1, @v_col2;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(v_col1, '') + ',' + isnull(v_col2, ''));
END;
CLOSE v_cursor;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
v_col1 NUMBER;
v_col2 VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
OPEN v_cursor FOR
SELECT * FROM t1;
LOOP
FETCH v_cursor INTO v_col1, v_col2;
EXIT WHEN v_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_col1 || ',' || v_col2);
END LOOP;
CLOSE v_cursor;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@p_customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_price
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
BEGIN
OPEN c_orders;
RETURN c_orders;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer_address', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer_address;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_new_address IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
*** er's address
UPDATE customers
SET address = p_new_address
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
*** rocedure
DECLARE @l_customer_id FLOAT := 12345;
DECLARE @l_new_address VARCHAR(255) := '123 Main Street';
dbo.update_customer_address(@l_customer_id, @l_new_address);
-- Ca... ***
DECLARE @l_orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
SET @sql = dbo.get_customer_orders(@l_customer_id);
EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql;
FETCH l_orders INTO @l_order_id, @l_order_date, @l_total_price;
CLOSE l_orders;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(p_customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_price
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
BEGIN
OPEN c_orders;
RETURN c_orders;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(
p_customer_id IN NUMBER,
p_new_address IN VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
-- Update the customer's address
UPDATE customers
SET address = p_new_address
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any errors
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
-- Call the stored procedure
DECLARE l_customer_id NUMBER := 12345;
DECLARE l_new_address VARCHAR2(255) := '123 Main Street';
update_customer_address(l_customer_id, l_new_address);
-- Call the function
DECLARE l_orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
OPEN l_orders FOR get_customer_orders(l_customer_id);
FETCH l_orders INTO l_order_id, l_order_date, l_total_price;
CLOSE l_orders;
END;
|
create procedure proc_example (
@p_empno in as number
)
is
v_ename dbo.varchar2(20);
v_sal number;
begin
select @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = sal from emp where empno = p_empno;
if v_sal > 30000 begin
raiserror('-20000 Salary too high for employee: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''), 16, 1);
end
dbms_output.put_line('Employee: ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' has salary: ' + isnull(v_sal, ''));
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line(sqlerrm);
end proc_example;
|
create procedure proc_example (
p_empno in number
)
is
v_ename varchar2(20);
v_sal number;
begin
select ename, sal into v_ename, v_sal from emp where empno = p_empno;
if v_sal > 30000 then
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Salary too high for employee: ' || v_ename);
end if;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee: ' || v_ename || ' has salary: ' || v_sal);
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put_line(sqlerrm);
end proc_example;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sum_sales', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION sum_sales;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION sum_sales(@dept_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_sales = SUM(sales) FROM sales WHERE dept_id = dept_id;
RETURN total_sales;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN 0;
END
END;
DECLARE
@dept_id FLOAT := 10;
sales_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @sales_total = dbo.sum_sales(@dept_id);
IF sales_total > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sales for department ' + isnull(@dept_id, '') + ' exceed $10,000.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sales for department ' + isnull(@dept_id, '') + ' are below $10,000.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sum_sales(dept_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
total_sales NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(sales) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE dept_id = dept_id;
RETURN total_sales;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
DECLARE
dept_id NUMBER := 10;
sales_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
sales_total := sum_sales(dept_id);
IF sales_total > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sales for department ' || dept_id || ' exceed $10,000.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sales for department ' || dept_id || ' are below $10,000.');
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE i CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM employee; OPEN i;
FETCH i INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
BEGIN
IF @i_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employee SET salary = @i_salary * 1.10 WHERE id = @i_id;
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error processing row with id: ' + isnull(@i_id, ''));
END;
FETCH i INTO;
END;
CLOSE i;
DEALLOCATE i;
END; | BEGIN
FOR i IN (SELECT * FROM employee) LOOP
BEGIN
IF i.salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employee SET salary = i.salary * 1.10 WHERE id = i.id;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error processing row with id: ' || i.id);
END;
END LOOP;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT := 10;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
IF v_salary > 3000
BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * .1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 0;
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus for ' + isnull(v_ename, '') + ' is ' + isnull(v_bonus, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that number');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER := 10;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT ename, salary
INTO v_ename, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_empno;
IF v_salary > 3000
THEN
v_bonus := v_salary * .1;
ELSE
v_bonus := 0;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Bonus for ' || v_ename || ' is ' || v_bonus);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that number');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE create_table_example
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'CREATE TABLE mytable (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(20))';
END;
CREATE FUNCTION pi() RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
RETURN 3.141592653589793;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i FLOAT;
DECLARE @found BIT;
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= 100 BEGIN
IF @i % 2 = 0 BEGIN
SET @FOUND = TRUE;
EXIT;
END
END;
IF @found BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Even number found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE create_table_example
IS
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE mytable (id NUMBER, name VARCHAR2(20))';
END create_table_example;
CREATE FUNCTION pi() RETURN NUMBER
IS
BEGIN
RETURN 3.141592653589793;
END pi;
BEGIN
DECLARE i NUMBER;
DECLARE found BOOLEAN;
FOR i IN 1 .. 100 LOOP
IF i % 2 = 0 THEN
FOUND := TRUE;
EXIT;
END IF;
END LOOP;
IF FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Even number found');
END IF;
END;
|
*** all employee names and salaries
SELECT ename, sal FROM emp;
*** oyee
INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename, sal, deptno) VALUES (999, 'New Employee', 50000, 10);
*** e's salary
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 999;
-- De... ***
DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = 999;
*** to calculate employee bonuses
CREATE PROCEDURE calc_bonuses
AS
-- Lo... ***
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** employees
DECLARE emp_rec CURSOR FOR SELECT empno, sal FROM emp; OPEN emp_rec;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
-- Ca... ***
set @bonus = @emp_rec_sal * 0.10;
*** bonus
UPDATE emp SET bonus = bonus WHERE empno = @emp_rec_empno;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp_rec;
DEALLOCATE emp_rec;
END;
-- Er... ***
BEGIN
*** me code
SELECT * FROM non_existent_table;
-- Ca... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
-- Select and print all employee names and salaries
SELECT ename, sal FROM emp;
-- Insert a new employee
INSERT INTO emp(empno, ename, sal, deptno) VALUES (999, 'New Employee', 50000, 10);
-- Update an employee's salary
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 999;
-- Delete an employee
DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno = 999;
-- Stored procedure to calculate employee bonuses
CREATE PROCEDURE calc_bonuses
AS
-- Local variables
bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Loop through all employees
FOR emp_rec IN (SELECT empno, sal FROM emp) LOOP
-- Calculate bonus
bonus := emp_rec.sal * 0.10;
-- Update employee's bonus
UPDATE emp SET bonus = bonus WHERE empno = emp_rec.empno;
END LOOP;
END;
-- Error handling
BEGIN
-- Try to execute some code
SELECT * FROM non_existent_table;
EXCEPTION
-- Catch errors
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No rows found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_count FLOAT := 0;
v_result dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_count = COUNT(*);
UPDATE dual SET dummy = @v_count WHERE 1 = 1;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_result = 'VALUE' WHERE 1 = 2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
SET @v_result = 'ERROR';
END;
IF v_result = 'VALUE' BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('FALSE');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER := 0;
v_result VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count FROM DUAL;
UPDATE dual SET dummy = v_count WHERE 1 = 1;
BEGIN
SELECT 'VALUE' INTO v_result FROM dual WHERE 1 = 2;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
v_result := 'ERROR';
END;
IF v_result = 'VALUE' THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRUE');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('FALSE');
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_raise(
@e_empno IN AS NUMBER,
e_amt IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + e_amt
WHERE empno = e_empno;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
-- Ca... ***
BEGIN
dbo.emp_raise(7369, 10000);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_raise(
e_empno IN NUMBER,
e_amt IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + e_amt
WHERE empno = e_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
-- Call the procedure
BEGIN
emp_raise(7369, 10000);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE condition; OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @rec_flag BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET status = 'SUCCESS' WHERE id = @rec_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Error while processing record.', 16, 1);
END
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE condition) LOOP
IF rec.flag THEN
UPDATE my_table SET status = 'SUCCESS' WHERE id = rec.id;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error while processing record.');
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(100);
IF @emp_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
dbo.update_employee_salary(100, @emp_salary + 1000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary := get_employee_salary(100);
IF emp_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
update_employee_salary(100, emp_salary + 1000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(
@in_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
out_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
out_last_name OUT VARCHAR2,
out_email OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @out_first_name = first_name, @out_last_name = last_name, @out_email = email
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = in_emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
DECLARE
@first_name VARCHAR(25);
last_name dbo.VARCHAR2(25);
email dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_info(100, @first_name, last_name, email);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First name: ' + isnull(@first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last name: ' + isnull(last_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Email: ' + isnull(email, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(
in_emp_id IN NUMBER,
out_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
out_last_name OUT VARCHAR2,
out_email OUT VARCHAR2
) AS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name, email
INTO out_first_name, out_last_name, out_email
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = in_emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
DECLARE
first_name VARCHAR2(25);
last_name VARCHAR2(25);
email VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
get_employee_info(100, first_name, last_name, email);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('First name: ' || first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Last name: ' || last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Email: ' || email);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('UpdateEmployeeSalary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary(@employee_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = @new_salary
WHERE @employee_id = @employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error updating employee salary', 16, 1);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE UpdateEmployeeSalary(employee_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error updating employee salary');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20100 Employee with ID ' + isnull(emp_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20000 Unexpected error occurred', 16, 1);
END update_employee;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary
WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20100, 'Employee with ID ' || emp_id || ' not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Unexpected error occurred');
END update_employee;
|
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_by_id', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_by_id;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN Employee%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
employee Employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT
@employee = *
FROM Employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF employee.employee_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee with ID ' + isnull(employee_id, '') + ' not found', 16, 1);
END
RETURN employee;
END;
/
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_by_id(employee_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN Employee%ROWTYPE IS
employee Employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT
*
INTO employee
FROM Employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF employee.employee_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee with ID ' || employee_id || ' not found');
END IF;
RETURN employee;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_name VARCHAR(255);
BEGIN
SET @v_name = 'John Doe';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, ' + isnull(@v_name, ''));
IF @v_name = 'John Doe' BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid name', 16, 1);
END
*** lly without any exceptions
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unhandled exception occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
v_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
v_name := 'John Doe';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, ' || v_name);
IF v_name = 'John Doe' THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid name');
END IF;
-- block ends normally without any exceptions
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unhandled exception occurred');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_deptno FLOAT;
BEGIN
BEGIN
DECLARE r CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM emp; OPEN r;
FETCH r INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
SET @v_deptno = @r_deptno;
IF @r_deptno = 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This employee is in Department 10'); END
ELSE IF @r_deptno = 20 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This employee is in Department 20'); END
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This employee is in a different department'); END
FETCH r INTO;
END;
CLOSE r;
DEALLOCATE r;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END
END;
END; | DECLARE
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
BEGIN
FOR r IN (SELECT * FROM emp) LOOP
v_deptno := r.deptno;
CASE
WHEN r.deptno = 10 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This employee is in Department 10');
WHEN r.deptno = 20 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This employee is in Department 20');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('This employee is in a different department');
END CASE;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found');
END;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_order_total', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_order_total;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_order_total(@order_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
order_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @order_total = SUM(quantity * price)
FROM orders o JOIN order_details od ON o.order_id = od.order_id
WHERE o.order_id = order_id;
RETURN order_total;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_order_total(order_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
order_total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(quantity * price)
INTO order_total
FROM orders o JOIN order_details od ON o.order_id = od.order_id
WHERE o.order_id = order_id;
RETURN order_total;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary for ' + isnull(emp_name, '') + ' updated to ' + isnull(new_salary, ''));
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value for primary key.');
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_by_name(@first_name IN VARCHAR2DECLARE , last_name
begin IN
RETURN NULL;
END; VARCHAR2) RETURN EMPLOYEES%ROWTYPE IS
emp_rec EMPLOYEES%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_rec = *
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = first_name
AND last_name = last_name;
RETURN emp_rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name INTO emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF emp_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary for ' || emp_name || ' updated to ' || new_salary);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Duplicate value for primary key.');
END;
FUNCTION get_employee_by_name(first_name IN VARCHAR2, last_name IN VARCHAR2) RETURN EMPLOYEES%ROWTYPE IS
emp_rec EMPLOYEES%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT *
INTO emp_rec
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = first_name
AND last_name = last_name;
RETURN emp_rec;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @salary), ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
BEGIN
DECLARE
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || TO_CHAR(salary));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_dept_id FLOAT;
v_dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
*** details for department ID 20
SELECT @v_dept_id = department_id, @v_dept_name = department_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = 20;
-- Di... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department ID: ' + isnull(@v_dept_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Name: ' + isnull(v_dept_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
*** department not found
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Department not found');
END
END;
END;
/
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_dept_id NUMBER;
v_dept_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
-- Fetch department details for department ID 20
SELECT department_id, department_name
INTO v_dept_id, v_dept_name
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = 20;
-- Display results
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department ID: ' || v_dept_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Name: ' || v_dept_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle error when department not found
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Department not found');
END;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2 (20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id, @v_name = name, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE id = 1;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR ('-20001 Salary too high.', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('No matching employee found.');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Error: ' + ISNULL(@@ERROR, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2 (20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT id, name, salary
INTO v_id, v_name, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE id = 1;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR (-20001, 'Salary too high.');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1
WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('No matching employee found.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Error: ' || SQLCODE || ' - ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('increment_counter', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE increment_counter;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE increment_counter
AS
counter_value SET @INTEGER = 0;
BEGIN
SELECT @counter_value = value FROM table WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE table SET value = counter_value + 1 WHERE id = 1;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE increment_counter
AS
counter_value INTEGER := 0;
BEGIN
SELECT value INTO counter_value FROM table WHERE id = 1;
UPDATE table SET value = counter_value + 1 WHERE id = 1;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE my_table(id BIGINT, name VARCHAR(50), PRIMARY KEY(id));
INSERT INTO my_table(id, name) VALUES(1, 'John');
INSERT INTO my_table(id, name) VALUES(2, 'Jane');
CREATE PROCEDURE get_name(@id IN AS NUMBER, OUT name dbo.VARCHAR2(50))
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @name = name FROM my_table WHERE id = id;
END;
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
dbo.get_name(1, @name);
dbms_output.put_line(@name);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee(@id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN dbo.VARCHAR2(50)
RETURN NULL;
END;;
CREATE PACKAGE emp_pkgDECLARE ;
CREATE CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp_info(@id IN AS NUMBER, OUT info OUT SYS_REFCURSOR);
END emp_pkg;
DECLARE
@info SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
emp_pkg.get_emp_info(1, @info);
END;
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM my_table;
OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(isnull(@rec_id, '') + ' - ' + isnull(@rec_name, ''));
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(i);
END;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error occurred', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
END;
END; | CREATE TABLE my_table(id NUMBER(10), name VARCHAR2(50), PRIMARY KEY(id));
INSERT INTO my_table(id, name) VALUES(1, 'John');
INSERT INTO my_table(id, name) VALUES(2, 'Jane');
CREATE PROCEDURE get_name(id IN NUMBER, OUT name VARCHAR2(50))
AS
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO name FROM my_table WHERE id = id;
END;
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
get_name(1, name);
dbms_output.put_line(name);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee(id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2(50);
CREATE PACKAGE emp_pkg;
CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp_info(id IN NUMBER, OUT info OUT SYS_REFCURSOR);
END emp_pkg;
DECLARE
info SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
emp_pkg.get_emp_info(1, info);
END;
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM my_table)
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(rec.id || ' - ' || rec.name);
END LOOP;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(i);
END LOOP;
END;
BEGIN
BEGIN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error occurred');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line(SQLERRM);
END;
END; |
SET @SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_emp_id ROW_NUMBER(6);
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that last name found.');
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(v_emp_id, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END;
|
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6);
v_salary NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with that last name found.');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id || ', Salary: ' || v_salary);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_cur;
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @emp_id = 100;
SET @emp_details = dbo.get_employee_details(@emp_id);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH emp_details INTO @emp_id, @first_name, @last_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, ''));
END;
CLOSE emp_details;
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR
IS
emp_cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cur FOR
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN emp_cur;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
emp_id := 100;
emp_details := get_employee_details(emp_id);
LOOP
FETCH emp_details INTO emp_id, first_name, last_name;
EXIT WHEN emp_details%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(first_name || ' ' || last_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_details;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id DECIMAL(19,4) /* Use -meta option EMP.emp_id%TYPE */;
v_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
*** ee with the highest salary
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
ORDER BY salary DESC
FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY;
*** rage salary of all employees
DECLARE
@v_avg_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_avg_salary = AVG(salary)
FROM emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @v_avg_salary = 0.0;
END
END;
-- Di... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with highest salary: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ', Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary of all employees: ' + isnull(@v_avg_salary, ''));
*** n if the average salary is less than $50,000
IF @v_avg_salary < 50000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Average salary below $50,000', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id EMP.emp_id%TYPE;
v_salary EMP.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
-- Select the employee with the highest salary
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM emp
ORDER BY salary DESC
FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY;
-- Calculate the average salary of all employees
DECLARE
v_avg_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT AVG(salary)
INTO v_avg_salary
FROM emp;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
v_avg_salary := 0.0;
END;
-- Display the results
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee with highest salary: ' || v_emp_id || ', Salary: ' || v_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary of all employees: ' || v_avg_salary);
-- Raise an exception if the average salary is less than $50,000
IF v_avg_salary < 50000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Average salary below $50,000');
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER,
new_dept_id IN NUMBER)
IS
*** iables
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Ge... ***
SELECT @old_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** and department ID
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary,
department_id = new_dept_id
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** the salary is less than the old salary
IF new_salary < old_salary BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Salary cannot be decreased', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER,
new_dept_id IN NUMBER)
IS
-- Declare local variables
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get the old salary
SELECT salary INTO old_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Update the salary and department ID
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary,
department_id = new_dept_id
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Raise an error if the salary is less than the old salary
IF new_salary < old_salary THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Salary cannot be decreased');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@my_var FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @my_var = COUNT(*) FROM my_table;
IF @my_var > 0 BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET my_column = 'new_value';
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No rows found', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
my_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO my_var FROM my_table;
IF my_var > 0 THEN
UPDATE my_table SET my_column = 'new_value';
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No rows found');
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE inc_total(@id FLOAT)
AS
total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total = sum(quantity)
FROM orders
WHERE id = id;
IF total IS NULL BEGIN
UPDATE orders
SET total = 1
WHERE id = id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE orders
SET total = total + 1
WHERE id = id;
END
COMMIT;
END;
|
PROCEDURE inc_total(id NUMBER)
IS
total NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT sum(quantity) INTO total
FROM orders
WHERE id = id;
IF total IS NULL THEN
UPDATE orders
SET total = 1
WHERE id = id;
ELSE
UPDATE orders
SET total = total + 1
WHERE id = id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
@var_num FLOAT;
var_char dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
*** umber between 1 and 100
SELECT @var_num = ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM * 100, 0);
*** haracter string from a table
SELECT @var_char = name FROM employees ORDER BY DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM;
*** ber is greater than 50, display the character string
IF @var_num > 50 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Random character string: ' + isnull(var_char, ''));
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** that occur
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | DECLARE
var_num NUMBER;
var_char VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
-- Select a random number between 1 and 100
SELECT ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM * 100) INTO var_num FROM DUAL;
-- Select a random character string from a table
SELECT name INTO var_char FROM employees ORDER BY DBMS_RANDOM.RANDOM;
-- If the random number is greater than 50, display the character string
IF var_num > 50 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Random character string: ' || var_char);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any errors that occur
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_dept_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_dept_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_dept_name(@deptno IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT @dept_name = dname FROM dept WHERE deptno = deptno;
RETURN dept_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('insert_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE insert_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee(@last_name IN AS VARCHAR2, first_name IN VARCHAR2, email IN VARCHAR2, deptno IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp(last_name, first_name, email, deptno) VALUES (last_name, first_name, email, deptno);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20001 Duplicate value on index', 16, 1);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@deptno FLOAT;
dept_name dbo.VARCHAR2(30);
salary NUMBER;
emp_no NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @deptno = @deptno FROM dept WHERE dname = 'Sales';
IF @deptno IS NULL BEGIN
SET @dept_name = dbo.get_dept_name(@deptno);
INSERT INTO emp(last_name, first_name, email, deptno) VALUES ('Scott', 'Tiger', 'scott.tiger@oracle.com', @deptno);
COMMIT;
SELECT @emp_no = empno, @last_name = last_name, @first_name = first_name, @email = email, @salary = salary FROM emp WHERE last_name = 'Scott' AND first_name = 'Tiger';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(emp_no, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(first_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(email, '') + ', ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_dept_name(deptno IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
dept_name VARCHAR2(30);
BEGIN
SELECT dname INTO dept_name FROM dept WHERE deptno = deptno;
RETURN dept_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE insert_employee(last_name IN VARCHAR2, first_name IN VARCHAR2, email IN VARCHAR2, deptno IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO emp(last_name, first_name, email, deptno) VALUES (last_name, first_name, email, deptno);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Duplicate value on index');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
deptno NUMBER;
dept_name VARCHAR2(30);
salary NUMBER;
emp_no NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT deptno INTO deptno FROM dept WHERE dname = 'Sales';
IF deptno IS NULL THEN
dept_name := get_dept_name(deptno);
INSERT INTO emp(last_name, first_name, email, deptno) VALUES ('Scott', 'Tiger', 'scott.tiger@oracle.com', deptno);
COMMIT;
SELECT empno, last_name, first_name, email, salary INTO emp_no, last_name, first_name, email, salary FROM emp WHERE last_name = 'Scott' AND first_name = 'Tiger';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_no || ' ' || last_name || ', ' || first_name || ', ' || email || ', ' || salary);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_by_id', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id(@p_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp = * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_id;
IF emp.%ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END get_employee_by_id; | CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_by_id(p_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_id;
IF emp.%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END get_employee_by_id; |
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2
)
IS
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
IF v_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
END
UPDATE employees SET name = p_name WHERE id = p_id;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_name IN VARCHAR2
)
IS
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_name FROM employees WHERE id = p_id;
IF v_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET name = p_name WHERE id = p_id;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary, @v_deptno = deptno
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = @v_salary + 1000
WHERE employee_id = 10;
END
BEGIN
INSERT INTO audit_trail
(event_type, event_date, employee_id, old_salary, new_salary)
VALUES
('salary_increase', GETDATE(), 10, @v_salary, @v_salary + 1000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
v_deptno NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary, deptno
INTO v_salary, v_deptno
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE employee_id = 10;
END IF;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO audit_trail
(event_type, event_date, employee_id, old_salary, new_salary)
VALUES
('salary_increase', SYSDATE, 10, v_salary, v_salary + 1000);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
*** to transfer funds between accounts
IF OBJECT_ID('transfer_funds', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE transfer_funds;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(
@sender_id IN AS NUMBER,
receiver_id IN NUMBER,
amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
*** as sufficient funds
IF amount > (SELECT balance FROM accounts WHERE id = sender_id) BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Insufficient funds', 16, 1);
END
*** alance
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE id = sender_id;
*** balance
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = receiver_id;
*** ction
COMMIT;
END;
*** late the factorial of a number
IF OBJECT_ID('factorial', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION factorial;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION factorial(@n IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
IF n < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Invalid input', 16, 1);
END
IF n = 0 BEGIN
RETURN 1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN n * dbo.factorial(n - 1);
END
END;
*** find all customers with orders over a certain amount
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE total_orders > 1000;
*** truct to loop through a table
DECLARE
@cursor c1 IS
SELECT * FROM employees;
v_id NUMBER;
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH c1 INTO @v_id, @v_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
*** the values of v_id and v_name
END;
CLOSE c1;
END;
*** enario to catch and handle errors
BEGIN
*** might cause an error
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20003 No rows affected', 16, 1);
END
END; | -- Stored procedure to transfer funds between accounts
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE transfer_funds(
sender_id IN NUMBER,
receiver_id IN NUMBER,
amount IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
-- Check if sender has sufficient funds
IF amount > (SELECT balance FROM accounts WHERE id = sender_id) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Insufficient funds');
END IF;
-- Update sender's balance
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE id = sender_id;
-- Update receiver's balance
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE id = receiver_id;
-- Commit the transaction
COMMIT;
END;
-- Function to calculate the factorial of a number
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION factorial(n IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
AS
BEGIN
IF n < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Invalid input');
END IF;
IF n = 0 THEN
RETURN 1;
ELSE
RETURN n * factorial(n - 1);
END IF;
END;
-- SQL statement to find all customers with orders over a certain amount
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE total_orders > 1000;
-- Control flow construct to loop through a table
DECLARE
cursor c1 IS
SELECT * FROM employees;
v_id NUMBER;
v_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
LOOP
FETCH c1 INTO v_id, v_name;
EXIT WHEN c1%NOTFOUND;
-- Do something with the values of v_id and v_name
END LOOP;
CLOSE c1;
END;
-- Error handling scenario to catch and handle errors
BEGIN
-- Do something that might cause an error
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20003, 'No rows affected');
END IF;
END; |
CREATE TABLE MY_TABLE (ID FLOAT, NAME VARCHAR(255));
INSERT INTO MY_TABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (1, 'John');
INSERT INTO MY_TABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (2, 'Mary');
INSERT INTO MY_TABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (3, 'Bob');
CURSOR C1 IS
SELECT * FROM MY_TABLE;
BEGIN
DECLARE R CURSOR FOR C1 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(ISNULL(@R_ID, '') + ' - ' + ISNULL(@R_NAME, ''));
FETCH R INTO;
END;
CLOSE R;
DEALLOCATE R;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE MY_TABLE (ID NUMBER, NAME VARCHAR2(255));
INSERT INTO MY_TABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (1, 'John');
INSERT INTO MY_TABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (2, 'Mary');
INSERT INTO MY_TABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (3, 'Bob');
CURSOR C1 IS
SELECT * FROM MY_TABLE;
BEGIN
FOR R IN C1 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(R.ID || ' - ' || R.NAME);
END LOOP;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('print_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE print_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE print_employee(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @ename = ename FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(ename, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE print_employee(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
ename VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO ename FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || ename);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@str VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
SET @str = 'Hello World!';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@str);
IF LEN(@str) > 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('String is longer than 10 characters.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('String is shorter than or equal to 10 characters.');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
DECLARE
str VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
str := 'Hello World!';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(str);
IF LENGTH(str) > 10 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('String is longer than 10 characters.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('String is shorter than or equal to 10 characters.');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_test(@id FLOAT) AS
v_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name FROM table1 WHERE id = id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(v_name, ''));
IF v_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Name not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_test(id NUMBER) AS
v_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_name FROM table1 WHERE id = id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_name);
IF v_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Name not found');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_num FLOAT := 10;
BEGIN
IF @v_num < 5 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number is less than 5');
END
ELSE IF @v_num >= 5 AND @v_num < 10 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number is between 5 and 10');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number is greater than or equal to 10');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
END; | DECLARE
v_num NUMBER := 10;
BEGIN
IF v_num < 5 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number is less than 5');
ELSIF v_num >= 5 AND v_num < 10 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number is between 5 and 10');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number is greater than or equal to 10');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLERRM);
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
NULL;
END
ELSE BEGIN
dbo.update_employee_salary(@emp_id, salary + 1000);
COMMIT;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(emp_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
NULL;
ELSE
update_employee_salary(emp_id, salary + 1000);
COMMIT;
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee (
@p_first_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (
first_name,
last_name,
email,
hire_date
)
VALUES (
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_hire_date
);
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id DECIMAL(19,4) /* Use -meta option EMPLOYEES.employee_id%TYPE */;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'John'
AND last_name = 'Doe';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_employee (
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_last_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_email IN VARCHAR2,
p_hire_date IN DATE
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (
first_name,
last_name,
email,
hire_date
)
VALUES (
p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_email,
p_hire_date
);
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id EMPLOYEES.employee_id%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id
INTO emp_id
FROM employees
WHERE first_name = 'John'
AND last_name = 'Doe';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || emp_id);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
@p_in IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_out OUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
v_temp dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
set @v_temp = isnull(p_in, '') + ' - processed';
set @p_out = v_temp;
RAISERROR('-20001 Custom error occurred', 16, 1);
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @p_out = 'No data was found';
ROLLBACK;
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
p_in IN VARCHAR2,
p_out OUT VARCHAR2
)
IS
v_temp VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
v_temp := p_in || ' - processed';
p_out := v_temp;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Custom error occurred');
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
p_out := 'No data was found';
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = isnull(last_name, '') + ', ' + isnull(first_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID: ' + isnull(emp_id, ''));
END
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) AS
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT last_name || ', ' || first_name
INTO emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID: ' || emp_id);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7788;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @v_empno), '') + ' has salary ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, v_salary), ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno 7788.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, salary
INTO v_empno, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7788;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || TO_CHAR(v_empno) || ' has salary ' || TO_CHAR(v_salary));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with empno 7788.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7788;
IF v_sal > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.10
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is too low for raise', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename, sal
INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7788;
IF v_sal > 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.10
WHERE empno = v_empno;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is too low for raise');
END IF;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER) IS
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('No employee found with the given ID.');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER) IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
dbms_output.put_line('No employee found with the given ID.');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_salary = 2000;
IF @v_salary > 1000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 1000');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is equal to or less than 1000');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE @employee_id = @employee_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@employee_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @new_salary WHERE @employee_id = @employee_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employee found with the specified ID.', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_salary := 2000;
IF v_salary > 1000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 1000');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is equal to or less than 1000');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(employee_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employee found with the specified ID.');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetEmployeeName', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetEmployeeName;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetEmployeeName(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_name VARCHAR(100);
SELECT @emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @emp_id;
RETURN @emp_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetEmployeeName(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END GetEmployeeName;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_salary = salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = :empno;
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END
ELSE IF v_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary + 500
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary + 100
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, ename, salary
INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = :empno;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary + 1000
WHERE empno = v_empno;
ELSIF v_salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary + 500
WHERE empno = v_empno;
ELSE
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_salary + 100
WHERE empno = v_empno;
END IF;
END;
|
*** with Input and Output Parameters
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_cust_details(
@IN p_cust_id AS NUMBER,
OUT p_cust_name VARCHAR2,
OUT p_cust_city VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_cust_name = cust_name, @p_cust_city = cust_city
FROM customers
WHERE cust_id = p_cust_id;
END;
/
*** late Total Sales
CREATE FUNCTION fn_sales_total(@p_month VARCHAR(4000), @p_year FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT SUM(amount)
FROM sales
WHERE to_char(order_date, 'MM-YYYY') = isnull(@p_month, '') + '-' + ISNULL(CAST(@p_year AS VARCHAR), '')
);
END;
GO
*** h subquery
SELECT e.emp_id, e.emp_name, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders o WHERE o.emp_id = e.emp_id) AS order_count
FROM employees e;
*** truct (IF-ELSE)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM orders WHERE order_status = 'Cancelled')
BEGIN
*** orders
END;
ELSE
BEGIN
*** led orders
END;
*** xception)
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM non_existing_table;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in the table.');
END
END;
|
-- Stored Procedure with Input and Output Parameters
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_cust_details(
IN p_cust_id NUMBER,
OUT p_cust_name VARCHAR2,
OUT p_cust_city VARCHAR2
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT cust_name, cust_city INTO p_cust_name, p_cust_city
FROM customers
WHERE cust_id = p_cust_id;
END;
/
-- Function to Calculate Total Sales
CREATE FUNCTION fn_sales_total(p_month VARCHAR2, p_year NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
DETERMINISTIC
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (
SELECT SUM(amount)
FROM sales
WHERE to_char(order_date, 'MM-YYYY') = p_month || '-' || CAST(p_year AS VARCHAR2)
);
END;
/
-- SQL Statement with subquery
SELECT e.emp_id, e.emp_name, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders o WHERE o.emp_id = e.emp_id) AS order_count
FROM employees e;
-- Control Flow Construct (IF-ELSE)
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM orders WHERE order_status = 'Cancelled') THEN
BEGIN
-- Handle cancelled orders
END;
ELSE
BEGIN
-- Handle non-cancelled orders
END;
END IF;
-- Error Handling (Exception)
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM non_existing_table;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found in the table.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_demo (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary_raise IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
*** salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + salary_raise
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** aise was successful
IF @@ROWCOUNT > 0 BEGIN
*** ful
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Ra... ***
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20000 Salary raise failed', 16, 1);
END
END;
*** rocedure
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary_raise SET @NUMBER = 1000;
BEGIN
dbo.proc_demo(@emp_id, salary_raise);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc_demo (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary_raise IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
-- Update employee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + salary_raise
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Check if salary raise was successful
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT > 0 THEN
-- Raise was successful
COMMIT;
ELSE
-- Raise failed
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Salary raise failed');
END IF;
END;
-- Call the stored procedure
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary_raise NUMBER := 1000;
BEGIN
proc_demo(emp_id, salary_raise);
END;
|
DECLARE
@name VARCHAR(100);
age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @name = @name, @age = age FROM persons WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(@name, ''));
IF age > 18 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Adult');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Minor');
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for ID 1');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
name VARCHAR2(100);
age NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, age INTO name, age FROM persons WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || name);
IF age > 18 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Adult');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Minor');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found for ID 1');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_UpdateEmployee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_UpdateEmployee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_UpdateEmployee(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_UpdateEmployee(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
salary IN NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_employee(@fname IN AS VARCHAR2, lname IN VARCHAR2, salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, salary) VALUES (fname, lname, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee(@id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN employees%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
emp employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp = * FROM employees WHERE id = id;
RETURN emp;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
BEGIN
SET @emp = dbo.get_employee(10);
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = 10;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee update failed', 16, 1);
END;
END;
|
PROCEDURE add_employee(fname IN VARCHAR2, lname IN VARCHAR2, salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, salary) VALUES (fname, lname, salary);
COMMIT;
END;
FUNCTION get_employee(id IN NUMBER) RETURN employees%ROWTYPE IS
emp employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp FROM employees WHERE id = id;
RETURN emp;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp employees%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
emp := get_employee(10);
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = 10;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee update failed');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_sal NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_sal = sal FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;
IF v_sal > 10000 BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_sal * 0.1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = v_sal * 0.05;
END
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + v_bonus WHERE empno = @v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_sal NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, sal INTO v_empno, v_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;
IF v_sal > 10000 THEN
v_bonus := v_sal * 0.1;
ELSE
v_bonus := v_sal * 0.05;
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal = sal + v_bonus WHERE empno = v_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INT;
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'SCOTT';
IF v_salary < 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary is already high enough', 16, 1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER(6);
v_salary NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_salary FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'SCOTT';
IF v_salary < 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary is already high enough');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('random_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE random_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE random_customer AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE
cursor_1 CURSOR LOCAL FOR SELECT * FROM customer;
cursor_2 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM account;
record_1 customer%ROWTYPE;
record_2 account%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN cursor_1;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH cursor_1 INTO @record_1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
OPEN cursor_2;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH cursor_2 INTO @record_2;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK OR record_2.cust_id <> record_1.cust_id;
*** record_1 and record_2
END;
CLOSE cursor_2;
END;
CLOSE cursor_1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
END
*** und scenario
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE random_customer AS
BEGIN
DECLARE
cursor_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM customer;
cursor_2 CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM account;
record_1 customer%ROWTYPE;
record_2 account%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN cursor_1;
LOOP
FETCH cursor_1 INTO record_1;
EXIT WHEN cursor_1%NOTFOUND;
OPEN cursor_2;
LOOP
FETCH cursor_2 INTO record_2;
EXIT WHEN cursor_2%NOTFOUND OR record_2.cust_id <> record_1.cust_id;
-- Do something with record_1 and record_2
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_2;
END LOOP;
CLOSE cursor_1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle no data found scenario
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle other errors
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 100 BEGIN
IF (i % 2) = 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Even: ' + isnull(i, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Odd: ' + isnull(i, ''));
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop completed.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP
IF mod(i, 2) = 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Even: ' || i);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Odd: ' || i);
END IF;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Loop completed.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
e_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
e_job dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
e_salary NUMBER;
e_dept dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @e_name = name, @e_job = job, @e_salary = salary, @e_dept = department_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(e_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Job: ' + isnull(e_job, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' + isnull(e_salary, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Department: ' + isnull(e_dept, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID.');
END
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
e_name VARCHAR2(50);
e_job VARCHAR2(50);
e_salary NUMBER;
e_dept VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT name, job, salary, department_name
INTO e_name, e_job, e_salary, e_dept
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || e_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Job: ' || e_job);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Salary: ' || e_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Department: ' || e_dept);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID.');
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE random_proc (
@IN n_rows AS INTEGER DEFAULT 10,
OUT return_value NUMBER
)
AS
-- Lo... ***
v_row_num SET @NUMBER = 0;
v_sql dbo.VARCHAR2(1000);
BEGIN
*** table
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (col_1 INTEGER, col_2 VARCHAR2(100));';
*** a into temporary table
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= n_rows BEGIN
set @v_row_num = v_row_num + 1;
set @v_sql = 'INSERT INTO tmp (col_1, col_2) VALUES (' + isnull(v_row_num, '') + ', ''Row ' + isnull(v_row_num, '') + ''');';
EXECUTE sp_executesql @v_sql;
END;
*** able
SELECT @return_value = COUNT(*) FROM tmp;
*** ble
EXECUTE sp_executesql @'DROP TABLE tmp;';
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE random_proc (
IN n_rows INTEGER DEFAULT 10,
OUT return_value NUMBER
)
AS
-- Local variables
v_row_num NUMBER := 0;
v_sql VARCHAR2(1000);
BEGIN
-- Create temporary table
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (col_1 INTEGER, col_2 VARCHAR2(100));';
-- Insert random data into temporary table
FOR i IN 1 .. n_rows LOOP
v_row_num := v_row_num + 1;
v_sql := 'INSERT INTO tmp (col_1, col_2) VALUES (' || v_row_num || ', ''Row ' || v_row_num || ''');';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE v_sql;
END LOOP;
-- Query temporary table
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO return_value FROM tmp;
-- Drop temporary table
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP TABLE tmp;';
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id);
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_salary FLOAT;
DECLARE @new_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @emp_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(10);
IF @emp_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
SET @new_salary = @emp_salary + 1000;
dbo.update_employee_salary(10, @new_salary);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No data found for employee', 16, 1);
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_salary NUMBER;
DECLARE new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
emp_salary := get_employee_salary(10);
IF emp_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
new_salary := emp_salary + 1000;
update_employee_salary(10, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No data found for employee');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_proc (@IN p1 AS VARCHAR2, OUT p2 NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p2 = SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = p1;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info (@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS employeeDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN IS
RETURN NULL;
END;
emp employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp = * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF emp.employee_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
RETURN emp;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 10;
v_emp_info employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_info = dbo.get_employee_info(@v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(v_emp_info.employee_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(v_emp_info.name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END;
END;
| sql
CREATE PROCEDURE simple_proc (IN p1 VARCHAR2, OUT p2 NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO p2 FROM employees WHERE department_id = p1;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info (emp_id NUMBER) RETURN employee%ROWTYPE IS
emp employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO emp FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF emp.employee_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
RETURN emp;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 10;
v_emp_info employee%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
v_emp_info := get_employee_info(v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_info.employee_id || ' ' || v_emp_info.name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
new_salary SET @NUMBER = 15000;
BEGIN
dbo.update_employee_salary(@emp_id, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
new_salary NUMBER := 15000;
BEGIN
update_employee_salary(emp_id, new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
/
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 100;
|
[
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get employee ID and salary from input parameters
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
-- Raise an error if employee does not exist
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Give employee a raise of 10%
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes to the database
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback changes to the database
ROLLBACK;
-- Raise the error message
RAISE;
END;
END;
] | `
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get employee ID and salary from input parameters
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
-- Raise an error if employee does not exist
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Give employee a raise of 10%
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes to the database
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
-- Handle any errors that occur
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Rollback changes to the database
ROLLBACK;
-- Raise the error message
RAISE;
END;
END;
` |