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multicomponent dark matter with inter-conversions of mass eigenstates into one another is known to successfully and simultaneously resolve λcdm problems at galactic and sub-galactic scales. here, we present n-body simulations of the simplest two-component (2cdm) model with large set of velocity-dependent cross-sections... | dark matter halos in the multicomponent model. substructure and density profiles of galactic halos |
strong gravitational microlensing (gm) events provide us a possibility to determine both the parameters of microlensed source and microlens. gm can be an important clue to understand the nature of dark matter on comparably small spatial and mass scales (i.e. substructure), especially when speaking about the combination... | determining the parameters of high amplification microlensing events by means of statistical machine learning techniques |
we use 8 gravitational lens systems with quadruply imaged quasars and their observed flux ratio anomalies obtained using data in mid-infrared, radio or spectral narrow lines as a baseline, to estimate the amount of substructure in the dark matter halo of lens galaxies. we assume that the smooth gravitational potential ... | estimating the size and abundance of dark matter subhaloes with gravitational millilensing |
the questions on the existence of the three color quark symmetry and three quark-lepton generations could have the origin associated with the new exotic symmetries outside the cartan-killing-lie algebras/groups. our long-term search for these symmetries has been began with our calabi-yau space classification on the bas... | ternary su(3)-group symmetry and its possible applications in hadron-quark substructure. towards a new spinor-fermion structure |
the caterpillar project is a beautiful series of high-resolution cosmological simulations. the goal of this project is to examine the evolution of dark-matter halos like the milky ways, to learn about how galaxies like ours formed. this immense computational project is still in progress, but the caterpillar team is alr... | simulating halos with the caterpillar project |
canucs gto program is a jwst spectroscopy and imaging survey of five massive galaxy clusters and ten parallel fields using the niriss low-resolution grisms, nircam imaging and nirspec multi-object spectroscopy. the primary goal is to understand the evolution of low mass galaxies across cosmic time. the resolved emissio... | the canadian niriss unbiased cluster survey (canucs) |
structures within molecules and nuclei have relationships to astronomical patterns. the cobe cosmic scale plots, and large scale surveys of galaxy clusters have patterns also repeating and well known at atomic scales. the induction, strong force, and nuclear binding energy periods within the big bang are revealed to ha... | basic equations interrelate atomic and nuclear properties to patterns at the size scales of the cosmos, extended clusters of galaxies, galaxies, and nebulae |
we request hst/acs imaging to follow up the 10 most prominent newly discovered substructures in the halos of ngc 253 and ngc 5128 (both at d=3.8 mpc, and the dominant galaxies of their respective groups, sculptor and centaurus a). the substructures were found via our ongoing ground-based (magellan/megacam) survey out t... | resolved halo substructures beyond the local group: the assembly histories of ngc 253 and ngc 5128 |
the low-mass slope of the galaxy stellar mass function is significantly shallower than that of the theoretical dark matter halo mass function, leading to several possible interpretations including: 1) stellar mass does not fully represent galaxy mass, 2) galaxy formation becomes increasingly inefficient in lower mass h... | a mass census of the nearby universe with resolve and eco |
a search for low mass resonances decaying to a jet pair in association with an initial state radiation jet or photon is presented. the isr object acts as the event trigger, and the resonance jet pair is subsequently boosted and reconstructed as a large-radius jet. novel jet substructure techniques allow for signal jets... | search for low mass di-jet resonances produced in association with initial state radiation at atlas |
the lambda cold dark matter (dm) model successfully explains the distribution of large scale structure and the cosmic microwave background but, there are several problems concerning the distribution of dm on sub-galactic scales. robust measurements of the distribution of dm in low mass dwarf galaxies are key to underst... | investigations of the inner dark matter density profiles of dwarf galaxies using multiple chemodynamical populations and rotation curves |
we use high-resolution n-body simulations to study the effect of a galactic disc on the dynamical evolution of dark matter substructures with orbits and structural parameters extracted from the aquarius a-2 merger tree. satellites are modelled as equilibrium n-body realizations of generalized hernquist profiles with 2 ... | the effect of a disc on the population of cuspy and cored dark matter substructures in milky way-like galaxies |
while galaxies are ubiquitous in the universe, and galaxy clusters, the most massive structures are rare, intermediate mass scale objects - galaxy groups - are abundant. however, their properties are not as well studied at present, partly due to the difficulty in characterizing them and their dynamics. besides, they ar... | bridging the gap: characterizing groups of galaxies |
recent facilities such as the south pole telescope (spt), the herschel space observatory, and the atacama large millimeter array (alma) have opened a window to the millimeter (mm) sky and revealed a unique and unprecedented view of the universe. in a 2500 square degree cosmological survey, spt has systematically identi... | the redshift distribution of submillimeter galaxies |
flexion is the second order weak gravitational lensing effect responsible for the arclike appearance of sources. it is highly sensitive to dark matter substructure and can greatly increase the resolution of mass maps, but it is very hard to measure. we present an automated flexion measurement pipeline for hubble space ... | substructure in the frontier fields from weak lensing flexion |
measurements of the fine structure constant α, using methods from atomic, condensed-matter, and particle physics, are powerful tests of the overall consistency of theory and experiment across physics. we have measured α = 1/137.035999046(27), at 2 . 0 ×10-10 accuracy, via the recoil frequency of cesium-133 atoms in a m... | measurement the fine structure constant with bragg diffraction and bloch oscillations |
the properties of the dark matter particle or particles lead to different small scale halo populations, distributions, and evolution over cosmic time. we introduce a new method for characterizing the properties of substructure within galaxies through the power spectrum of potential fluctuations, and demonstrate how com... | the aspen framework for dark matter substructure inference from strong gravitational lensing observations |
the cold dark matter (cdm) model of the universe predicts that there should be hundreds to thousands of clumps surrounding a massive galaxy. however, observations have shown that we only see dozens of dwarf galaxies and not the hundreds to thousands that are predicted. this means that either the cdm model prediction is... | characterizing the zone of influence of dark matter clumps on image positions and flux ratios in gravitational lensing systems |
a wealth of information on the evolution of structure in the universe can be gained by measuring how the properties of dark matter halos in numerical simulations evolve over time. however, the techniques commonly used to measure halo properties often make assumptions about a halo's structure that are not strictly true,... | the non-parametric concentration of dark matter halos in cosmological n-body simulations |
context: galaxy clusters grow hierarchically with continuous accretion bookended by major merging events that release immense gravitational potential energy (as much as ∼1065 erg). this energy creates an environment for rich astrophysics. precise measurements of the dark matter halo, intracluster medium, and galaxy pop... | observations and modeling of merging galaxy clusters |
we present twelve high resolution cosmological simulations of stellar disks. stellar disks are inserted into zoom-in simulations of cosmological halos by first treating the disks as rigid bodies and slowly growing them to their present day masses and sizes. the rigid disks are allowed to respond to their dark matter ha... | nature vs nurture: cosmological implications for bar formation and galactoseismology |
gravitational lensing is an effect of general relativity, where massive objects, such as galaxies, are able to bend the light path of background sources, making the position of the observed image differ from where the source would be seen in the absence of lensing. if the lens is massive enough, it can produce multiple... | probing additional gravitational lensing effects of supernova iptf16geu |
cosmological breakthroughs in the 2020s will arise from measuring the redshift evolution of dark energy, resolving the tension in the expansion rate of the universe, and understanding the impact of dark matter on galaxy substructure. joint processing of euclid/lsst/wfirst data provides the most compelling, economical a... | cosmology in the 2020s needs precision and accuracy: the case for euclid/lsst/wfirst joint survey processing |
measuring the fine-structure constant α allows testing the consistency of theory and experiment across physics. using the recoil frequency of cesium-133 atoms in a matter-wave interferometer, we recorded the most accurate measurement of the fine-structure constant to date: α = 1 / 137 . 035999046(27) at 2 . 0 ×10-10 ac... | measurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the standard model |
the particle nature of dark matter is a defining problem of modern particle physics, arguably the most blatant and most elusive sign of physics beyond the standard model. over the past decades, it has also become a proving ground for diverse scientific collaboration, as a vast array of cosmological, astrophysical, tabl... | searching for dark matter in the early and late universe |
we compute the weak gravitational lensing signal of isolated, central galaxies obtained from the z=0.5 timestep of the λcdm illustris-1 simulation. the galaxies have stellar masses ranging from 9.5 ≤ log10(m*/msun) ≤ 11.0 and are located outside cluster and rich group environments. although there is local substructure ... | weak gravitatational lensing by illustris-1 galaxies |
the roman space telescope's galactic bulge time domain survey will constitute the most sensitive microlensing survey of the galactic bulge to date, opening up new opportunities to search for dark matter (dm). many extensions of the standard model predict the formation of extended dm substructures, such as dm subhalos, ... | new light on dark extended lenses with the roman space telescope |
perturbations to stellar systems can reflect the gravitational influence of dark matter substructures. whereas perturbations to cold stellar systems are the most commonly studied, the sources of perturbations to dynamically hot systems are less ambiguous because such systems cannot support persistent inhomogeneity on s... | an analytic description of substructure-induced gravitational perturbations of hot stellar systems |
cluster number counts will be a key cosmological probe in the next decade thanks to the euclid satellite mission. for this purpose, cluster detection algorithm performance, which are sensitive to the spatial distribution of the cluster galaxy members and their luminosity function, need to be accurately characterized. u... | the three hundred : contrasting clusters galaxy density in hydrodynamical and dark matter simulations |
the south pole telescope (spt) has systematically identified 90 high-redshift strongly gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxies (smgs) in a 2500 square-degree cosmological survey of the millimeter (mm) sky. these sources are selected by their extreme mm flux, which is largely independent of redshift and lensing co... | the spt+herschel+alma+spitzer legacy survey: the stellar content of high redshift strongly lensed systems |
the generalisation of proper time, as an alternative to models with extra dimensions of space, has been proposed as the source of the elementary structures of matter. direct connections with the standard model of particle physics together with dark sector candidates can be attained in this manner, through the additiona... | generalised proper time and the universal bootstrap |
in this work, we study the $su(2)_l$ singlet complex scalar extended ksvz model that, in addition to providing a natural solution to the strong-cp problem by including a global peccei-quinn symmetry, also furnishes two components of dark matter that satisfy observer relic density without fine-tuning of model parameters... | precision prediction at the lhc of a democratic up-family philic ksvz axion model |
flat rotation curves v(r) are naturally explained by elongated (prolate) dark matter (dm) distributions, and we have provided competitive fits to the sparc database. to further probe the geometry of the halo one needs out-of-plane observables. stellar streams, poetically analogous to airplane contrails, but caused by t... | the torsion of stellar streams and the overall shape of galactic gravity's source |
dark matter clusters on all scales, and it is therefore expected that even substructure should host its own substructure. using the extragalactic distance database, we searched for dwarf-galaxy satellites of dwarf galaxies, that is, satellite-of-satellite galaxies, corresponding to these substructures of substructure. ... | a possible dwarf galaxy satellite-of-satellite problem in λcdm |
the difficult task of observing dark matter subhaloes is of paramount importance since it would constrain dark matter particle properties (cold or warm relic) and confirm once again the longstanding $\lambda$cdm model. in the near future the new generation of ground and space surveys will observe thousands of strong gr... | differentiable probabilistic programming for strong gravitational lensing |
tidal debris structures are striking evidence of hierarchical assembly--the premise that the milky way and galaxies like it have been built over cosmic time through the coalescence of many smaller objects. in the prevailing lambda--cold dark matter cosmology, the vast majority of mergers by number are minor; one dark m... | dynamics and detection of tidal debris |
we develop and implement a model to analyze the internal kinematics of galaxy clusters that may contain subpopulations of galaxies that do not independently trace the cluster potential. the model allows for substructures within the cluster environment, disentangles cluster members from contaminating foreground and back... | galaxy cluster mass estimates in the presence of substructure |
this proposal seeks support for a uniform analysis of archival x-ray data on the lovoccs clusters, a nearby, volume-limited sample of 143 clusters of galaxies with halo mass 10^14-10^14.5 solar masses. its primary goal is to characterize and interpret the *deviations* of individual galaxy clusters from the usual scalin... | baryonic and weak lensing properties of a volume-limited sample of clusters of galaxies |
we show that the signature of two boosted w-jets plus substantial missing energy is very promising for probing heavy charged resonances ( $x^\pm$ ) through the process of $pp\to x^+x^-\to w^+w^- x^0 x^0$ , where $x^0$ denotes the dark matter candidate. the hadronic decay mode of the w boson is considered to maximize th... | new physics and two boosted w-jets plus missing energy |
orbits of individual stars in the milky way trace the underlying gravitational potential, and as such, they provide a unique insight into the distribution of matter in our galaxy. large astronomical projects like gaia, sdss and desi are now measuring precise motions of stars deep into the dark matter-dominated outer re... | astrophysical probes of dark matter |
an important open question today is the understanding of the relevance that dark matter (dm) halo substructure may have for dm searches. in the standard cosmological framework, subhalos are predicted to be largely abundant inside larger halos, i.e., galaxies like ours, and are thought to form first and later merge to f... | overlay of the special issue 'the role of halo substructure in gamma-ray dark matter searches' |
in this work, we present a modelling of the galactic sub-clumps based on statistical estimations of the full milky way satellite population. we introduce 10 substructure modellings (sm i , i ∈ {1, … , 10}) with the following varying parameters: a) subhalos inner profile, b) spatial distribution of subhalos, c) mass dis... | uncertainties in measuring the dark matter signal from milky way satellites using cherenkov telescopes |
in this work, we study some properties of the hickson compact groups (hcgs) using n-body simulations for the generalized dark matter (gdm) model, described by three free functions, the sound speed, the viscosity, and the equation of state. we consider three gdm models associated with different values of the free functi... | compact groups in gdm cosmological simulations |
the statistics of dark matter (dm) substructure are sensitive to the underlying dm model. in particular, the dm thermal velocity sets the cut-off scale for low-mass halos, and the (potentially non-zero) cross-section for dm self-interaction can core out the otherwise cuspy slopes of subhalo inner density profiles, maki... | on the tidal evolution of dark matter substructure |
observations of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses have been used to put constraints on dark matter physics. it is now widely recognized that line-of-sight structures between the source and the observer play a significant role in perturbing lensed images, hence making multi-plane lensing a necessary part of any l... | exploring the dark sector with correlation anisotropies |
a source lying near a hyperbolic umbilic (hu) singularity leads to a ring-like image formation, constituting four images with high magnification factors and lying in a small region of the lens plane. since (based on our earlier work) the observed number of hu image formations in cluster lenses is expected to increase i... | exotic image formation in strong gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies - iv. elliptical nfw lenses and hyperbolic umbilics |
the splashback radius of a dark matter halo, which corresponds to the first apocenter radius reached by infalling matter and substructures, has been detected around galaxy clusters using a multitude of observational methods, including weak lensing measurements. in this manuscript, we present how the splashback feature ... | the effect of splashback on weak lensing mass estimates of galaxy clusters and groups |
dwarf galaxies are valuable laboratories for dynamical studies related to dark matter and galaxy evolution, yet it is currently unknown just how extended their stellar components are. each satellite orbiting within the milky way's (mw's) gravitational potential may undergo tidal stripping by the host galaxy, or alterna... | small-scale stellar haloes: detecting extended substructure in the outskirts of milky way dwarf galaxy satellites |
galaxies grow through hierarchical mergers, with high-mass galaxies cannibalizing the satellite dwarf galaxies that orbit them. these galactic accretion events leave behind signatures in the form of tidal debris structures that encode information about their progenitors and hosts. examining these substructures can open... | unlocking the history of galaxy mergers through the automated analysis of tidal debris substructures |
we propose acs imaging of four exciting new merging clusters with \`\`dissociative'' morphology---two galaxy subclusters on either side of a central gas concentration, indicative of a recent head-on collision. the imaging will enable a weak lensing analysis that will (i) determine the dark matter halo locations relativ... | four new dissociative merging clusters |
disk galaxies are highly responsive systems that undergo oscillations triggered by various agents such as external forces and tides from satellite galaxies and dark matter substructure. such gravitational interactions tend to throw disk galaxies out of equilibrium. in due course, stellar oscillations lose coherence and... | phase-space spirals as probes of perturbed, out-of-equilibrium disk galaxies |
understanding local stellar kinematic substructures in the solar neighbourhood helps build a complete picture of the formation of the milky way, as well as an empirical phase space distribution of dark matter that would inform detection experiments. we apply the clustering algorithm hdbscan on the gaia early third data... | robust clustering of the local milky way stellar kinematic substructures with gaia edr3 |
lcdm shows some tension with observations in the non-linear regime of structure formation. this includes abundance, density profiles and substructure amount for dark matter haloes at a range of masses and redshifts. several recipes have been suggested to remedy such tensions including more detailed modelling of baryoni... | learning the shape of and what shapes dark structure |
the objective of this project is to carry out an analysis of planetary systems that orbit orange dwarf stars through computational modeling and build a database with possible candidates for terrestrial exoplanets in the habitability zone of these systems. | formation of superhabitable worlds in the habitable zone of orange dwarf stars |
since the discovery of the first exoplanets in the early 1990s we have seen explosive growth in the field of exoplanetary science, hand-in-hand with technological improvements. we now know of over 4,000 exoplanets, most of which have been detected with two detection techniques: the transit method, and the doppler radia... | extreme precision photometry and radial velocimetry from the ground |
we obtained five transits of k2-25b using the astrophysical research consortium telescope imaging camera (arctic) imager on the 3.5m astrophysical research consortium (arc) 3.5m telescope at apache point observatory (apo) on the nights of ut 2017 september 17; 2019 january 4, 18, and 25; and 2019 february 1. all of the... | vizier online data catalog: photometry and rvs of k2-25b with hpf (stefansson+, 2020) |
venus currently rotates slowly, with its spin controlled by solid-body and atmospheric thermal tides. however, conditions may have been far different and more amenable to life 4 billion years ago, when the sun was fainter and most of the carbon within venus could have been in solid form, allowing for a low-mass atmosph... | obliquity variability of a rapidly rotating early venus and of the potentially habitable exoplanets kepler-62e and kepler-62f |
although we have not yet detected life beyond earth, astronomers have made remarkable progress towards the eventual goal of finding an inhabited planet orbiting another star. we now know that small, temperate planets are common and we are actively designing facilities capable of detecting life elsewhere in the galaxy. ... | searching for pale blue dots: the quest for habitable exoplanets |
introduction: rocky exoplanets in the habitable zones (hz) of low mass stars will be prime targets for atmospheric characterization with the james webb space telescope (jwst). such planets are likely tidally locked and the determination of the habitability of those worlds requires the use of 3d global climate models (g... | the impact of background n2 pressure on the habitability of tidally locked rocky exoplanets around cool stars |
we report the first detection of co emission lines at high spectral resolution in the thermal spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere. these emission lines, seen in the spectrum of the ultra hot jupiter wasp-33 b, provide unambiguous evidence of a thermal inversion layer in its atmosphere, and are the first results from th... | carbon monoxide emission lines indicate an offset hotspot in the inverted atmosphere of the ultra hot jupiter wasp-33 b |
whether m dwarfs are able to host life-bearing planets is an open question owing to high levels of stellar x-ray and uv emission and close-in habitable zones. conversely, the low levels of near-uv emissions at quiescent levels of m dwarfs may make it challenging for abiogenesis (the origin of life) to occur. we conside... | defining the energy budget for abiogenesis on m-dwarf planets: a pilot study of au mic with swift |
could toi-700 d, an earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of an early-type m-dwarf star, have held on to its atmosphere over long timescales? this question is crucial to understanding whether this recent discovery from the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) is likely to have a habitable surface. in a recen... | featured image: clinging to an atmosphere |
the number of exoplanets in the habitable zone of m dwarfs has increased in the last few years thanks to ground-based observatories and space telescopes. m dwarfs are among the most active stars producing frequent and strong flares, strong stellar wind and high energy radiation. the habitability of these worlds strongl... | magnetospheres of the trappist-1 planets |
we report the discovery of toi-700 e, a 0.95 earth radius planet residing in the optimistic habitable zone (hz) of its host star. this discovery was enabled by multiple years of nearly continuous monitoring from nasa's transiting exoplanet survey satellite (tess) mission. the host star, toi-700 (tic 150428135), is a ne... | a second earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of the m dwarf toi-700 |
planetary-scale magnetic fields provide a unique window into a planet's deep interior. from the magnetic field of the earth to that of jupiter, we have tied the existence of such fields to the presence of an electrically conductive convecting fluid (dynamo source region) in the interior. thus, detections of planetary-s... | a map of the dynamo lifetime of rocky planets |
we present our first light observations with the new ishell spectrograph at the nasa infrared telescope facility. ishell replaces the 25 year old cshell with improvements in spectral grasp (~40x), resolution (70,000 versus 46,000), throughput, optics, and detector characteristics. with cshell, we obtained a radial velo... | precise radial velocity first light observations with ishell |
binary stars are ubiquitous; about half of solar-type stars exist in binaries. exoplanet occurrence rate is suppressed in binaries, but some multiples still host planets. multiplicity reduces the size and lifetime of protoplanetary disks, suggesting that binaries not only suppress planet formation but also could fundam... | revealing the demographics and atmospheric evolution of planets in binary stars |
m dwarf stars have emerged as ideal targets for exoplanet observations. their small radii aids planetary discovery, their close-in habitable zones allow short observing campaigns, and their red spectra provide opportunities for transit spectroscopy with jwst. the potential of m dwarfs has been underlined by the discove... | measurements of the ultraviolet spectral characteristics of low-mass exoplanetary systems (mega-muscles) |
in the age of jwst, temperate terrestrial exoplanets transiting nearby late-type m dwarfs provide unique opportunities for characterizing their atmospheres, as well as searching for biosignature gases. in this context, the benchmark trappist-1 planetary system has garnered the interest of a broad scientific community.t... | an update on the speculoos project and new results |
the james webb space telescope (jwst) will provide an opportunity to investigate the atmospheres of potentially habitable planets. aerosols, significantly mute molecular features in transit spectra because they prevent light from probing the deeper layers of the atmosphere. earth occasionally has stratospheric/high tro... | stratospheric clouds do not impede jwst transit spectroscopy for exoplanets with earth-like atmospheres |
3-d exoplanet climate modeling shows that equilibrium temperature assessments of the habitable zone should account for the higher albedos of slowly rotating planets inside the tidal locking radius and the lower albedos of planets orbiting m stars. | equilibrium temperatures and albedos for habitable m star planets in a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model |
trappist-1 is an extraordinary planetary system with 7 confirmed terrestrial exoplanets, some of which may lie in the habitable zone around the central m dwarf star. m dwarfs are magnetically very active and probably emit a stellar wind that interacts with the planets. stellar winds and their interaction with planetary... | space environment and poynting fluxes around the trappist-1 exoplanets and effects of coronal mass ejections on their habitability |
jwst will be able to observe the atmospheres of rocky planets transiting nearby m dwarfs. a few such planets are already known (around gj1132, proxima cen, and trappist-1) and tess is predicted to find many more, including 14 habitable zone planets. to interpret observations of these exoplanets' atmospheres, we must un... | the mega-muscles treasury survey: measurements of the ultraviolet spectral characteristics of low-mass exoplanetary systems |
we present new transit model fitting features and performance of the latest release (9.3, march 2015) of the kepler science operations center (soc) pipeline, which will be used for the final processing of four years of kepler science data later this year. threshold crossing events (tces), which represent transiting pla... | transit model fitting in processing four years of kepler science data: new features and performance |
the habitable exoplanet imaging mission, or habex, is one of four flagship mission concepts currently under study for the upcoming 2020 decadal survey of astronomy and astrophysics. the broad goal of habex will be to image and study small, rocky planets in the habitable zones of nearby stars. additionally, habex will p... | constraining exoplanet habitability with habex |
carmenes (calar alto high-resolution search for m dwarfs with exo-earths with near-infrared and optical echelle spectrographs) is a next-generation instrument currently under construction for the 3.5m telescope at the calar alto observatory by a consortium of eleven spanish and german institutions. commissioning of car... | carmenes: a spectroscopic survey of m dwarfs and their planets |
we present the science case for a 1.45 meter space telescope to survey the closest, brightest fgkm main sequence stars to search for habitable zone (hz) earth analogs using the precise radial velocity (prv) technique at a precision of 1-10 cm/s. our baseline instrument concept uses three diffraction-limited spectrograp... | earthfinder: a probe-class mission precise for a radial velocity survey of our nearest stellar neighbors to detect and characterize earth-mass habitable zone analogs using high-resolution uv-vis-nir echelle spectroscopy |
the habitable exoplanet observatory mission (habex) is one of four missions under study for the 2020 astrophysics decadal survey. its goal is to directly image and spectroscopically characterize planetary systems in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like stars. additionally, habex will perform a broad range of gener... | habex baseline telescope design and predicted performance |
the us exoplanet science community urgently requires a radial velocity instrument with the sensitivity to observe rocky planets in the habitable zone, and follow-up the most promising tess candidates. to address this need, we are building neid, the new nn-explore extreme precision doppler spectrometer for the wiyn tele... | the neid doppler spectrometer at wiyn |
the habitable zone (hz) is the region around a star where the stellar radiation is just right to sustain liquid water on the surface of an exoplanet in this zone. the distance between a star and planet is therefore crucial in controlling the habitability and climate of the planet. however, the star-planet distance chan... | the influence of jupiter on the earth's orbital cycles |
atmospheric mineral dust represents a critical source of variability in planetary climate. dust radiative feedbacks can alter large and local scale dynamics, alternatively warm or cool global temperatures and modify the dust cycle itself. on present-day mars, radiatively active dust may drive storm growth from local to... | the impact of radiatively active dust on land planet climate |
the most effective exoplanet detection method has been transit photometry, wherein we measure the brightness of stars over periods of time. these measurements, or light curves, are later analyzed for dips in brightness caused by objects passing in front of the host star. however, variations in these time series can occ... | exploring the detectability of solar system analogues by modeling transit timing variations for venus and earth |
the presence of liquid water may be a prerequisite for extraterrestrial habitable environments and in the case of exoplanets the "habitable zone" is defined by conditions allowing liquid water to exist on planetary surfaces. here, the role of pressure is evaluated in context of its impact on the range of potential habi... | impact of high-pressure chemistry on planetary habitable zones |
many stars of different spectral types with planets in the habitable zone are known to emit flares. until now, studies that investigated the long-term impact of stellar flares and associated coronal mass ejections (cmes) assumed that the planet's interior remains unaffected by interplanetary cmes, only considering the ... | interior heating of rocky exoplanets from stellar flares with application to trappist-1 and proxima centauri |
in practice, technologies attempting to recover direct images of extra-solar planets run into noise floors governed by systematics (most notably, quasi-static speckles) before reaching fundamental limits (such as photon noise). to enhance detection reach to higher contrasts, discrimination by exploiting distinctive pla... | finding exoplanets in the habitable zone with light echoes |
the galactic habitable zone (ghz) is characterized by metallicity, orbital kinematics, star formation rates, supernovae explosions, and time, among other quantities. previously, the outer galaxy (rgc > 16 kpc) was not included in the ghz due to low abundances of the nchops elements – those required for life. recent ... | phosphorus at the edge of the galaxy: observations of pn and po at rgc 23 kpc |
future large space missions designed to search for biosignatures in the atmospheres of earth-like exoplanets will operate more efficiently and have a higher chance of success if stars with possible earth analogs are known before launch. one way to find these earth-like candidates is with the radial velocity technique, ... | removing stellar activity signals from radial velocity measurements using neural networks |
about a dozen exoplanetary systems have been discovered with three or more planets participating in a chain of mean-motion resonances. the uniquely complex architectures of these so-called "resonant chains" motivate efforts to characterize their planets holistically. in this work, we perform a comprehensive exploration... | spin dynamics of planets in resonant chains: an abundance of high obliquities |
the most significant challenge to terrestrial planet habitability in the habitable zone of m stars is the maintenance of a planetary atmosphere that is stable against nightside atmospheric collapse. here, we investigate the stabilization potential of atmospheric dust in co2 atmospheres of varying densities. using the e... | stabilization of tenuous atmospheres by atmospheric dust in the hz of m-dwarf stars |
direct imaging of earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars requires image contrast of ~10^10 at angular separations of around a hundred milliarcseconds. one approach for achieving this performance is to fly a starshade at a long distance in front of the telescope, shading the telescope from the dir... | external occulter edge scattering control using metamaterials for exoplanet detection |
the astro2020 decadal survey recommended a "future large ir/o/uv telescope optimized for observing habitable exoplanets and general astrophysics" to be ready by end of the decade and that mission "to search for biosignatures from a robust number of about ~25 habitable zone [exo]planets." the search for multiple biosign... | an approach for calculating exo-earth yield of a 6 m ir/o/uv telescope for various broad bandwidth metrics |
we stand on the edge of an era where we will be able to characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial planets, putting us on the path to answer one of humanity's most compelling questions: are we alone in the universe? although many searches focus on transiting planets around small m dwarfs, the similar sizes of white dw... | life after (stellar) death: habitability around white dwarfs |
during last decade there have been a tremendous increase in detection and characterization of low-mass exoplanets, reaching the earth size and mass domain, in particular those orbiting m dwarf stars, due to their smaller sizes and masses, resulting in planet larger transit amplitude and radial velocity signals. extreme... | the planetary system of proxima centauri seen with espresso |
stellar surface inhomogeneities, such as spots, faculae, and magnetic network contaminate and, in some cases, overwhelm the planetary signal in transmission spectra (see, e.g. a detailed review by rackham et al. 2022). in particular the lofty goal of analyzing earth-size planet atmospheres in the habitable zones of m d... | towards solving the stellar inhomogeneity contamination of exoplanet transmission spectra problem with star spot and faculae spectra |
upcoming large space telescopes such as habex or luvoir will enable the precise measurement of phase curves and secondary eclipses of planets in the habitable zone. in this talk, i will discuss how to accurately and efficiently model these light curves using the starry code package. i will focus in particular on the in... | analytic techniques for mapping the surfaces of habitable worlds |
consisting of two of the brightest stars in the night sky and being the closest sun-like stars, the alpha centauri system is an excellent target for adaptive optics (ao) fed coronagraphic direct imaging searches of its two habitable zones (hzs). the hzs are well resolved, minimizing the requirements on coronagraph inne... | prospects for ground-based direct imaging searches of the habitable zones of the alpha centauri system with the elts. |
many exoplanets are located in the 'habitable zone', where the planet-star distance provides habitable surface temperatures that allow liquid surface water. plenty of those planets contain so much water that their entire surface is covered with an ocean or sea-ice (waterworlds). evaluating the surface environment of wa... | areal extent of sea ice on waterworlds: effects of stellar irradiance, greenhouse gas forcing and axial obliquity |
enabling small iwas can dramatically increase a mission yield of earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zones of their stars. several studies showed that yield grows approximately inversely to iwa, meaning a mission with half the iwa doubles the yield of earth-like exoplanets. thus, advancing coronagraph architectures ... | development of a piaacmc high contrast imaging system for segmented apertures: overview and first results |
habex - the habitable exoplanet imager - is one of four flagship missions that nasa is studying in advance of the next astrophysics decadal survey. the primary goal of habex will be to directly image and characterize rocky planets in the habitable zones of other stars. specifically, habex aims to search for signs of li... | habex: finding and characterizing habitable exoplanets with a potential future flagship astrophysics mission |
m dwarf stars are of a particular interest because of their extremely long lifetimes and close habitable zones which make them great candidates for finding exoplanets and potentially life. however, measuring the ages of m dwarfs is extremely difficult and conventional methods such as magnetic spin down (gyrochronology)... | an asteroseismic age for a solar type star in a wide binary with an m dwarf |
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