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38095069

[Improvement in adherence to Mediterranean diet in children attending preschool centers].

the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and with healthier lifestyles in adults and children, but data is scarce in younger ages. The Mediterranean-type ecosystem of the central region of Chile as well as its traditional gastronomy would facilitate the adoption of this dietary pattern.

38095070

Rat Hepatitis E virus (<i>Rocahepevirus ratti</i>) in people living with HIV.

<b>Abstract</b>Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species <i>Rocahepevirus ratti</i>) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species <i>Paslahepevirus balayani</i>), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicenter study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%-2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.

38095071

The CONUT score predicts the length of hospital stay and the risk of long COVID.

the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an objective tool widely used to assess nutritional status of patients. We aimed to investigate the value of CONUT score on predicting length of hospital stay (LOS) and the risk of long COVID in patients with COVID-19.

38095072

Long noncoding RNA polymorphisms in gynecological cancers.

Gynecological malignancies are one of the main causes of cancer-induced mortality. Despite remarkable recent therapeutic advances, current therapeutic options are not sufficient. Regarding the effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, variations in their expression cause different anomalies, such as tumorigenesis. SNPs influence lncRNA function and expression. LncRNA polymorphisms can predict cancer risk and are effective for early diagnosis and customized therapy. In this literature review, we comprehensively investigate the effect of lncRNA polymorphisms on gynecological cancers. LncRNA-related variants are proposed to evaluate cancer incidence, early detection and management of personalized therapy. Nonetheless, more studies are required to validate the consistency of current findings in numerous samples and across various ethnic groups.

38095073

[Effect of gestational weight gain in a cohort of pregnancy women with obesity operated and not operated for bariatric surgery].

to determine the effect of gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in obese women who underwent and did not undergo bariatric surgery.

38095074

Hierarchical Mechanical Transduction of Precision-Engineered DNA Hydrogels with Sacrificial Bonds.

Engineering the response to external signals in mechanically switchable hydrogels is important to promote smart materials applications. However, comparably little attention has focused on embedded precision mechanisms for autonomous nonlinear response in mechanical profiles in hydrogels, and we lack understanding of how the behavior from the molecular scale transduces to the macroscale. Here, we design a nonlinear stress-strain response into hydrogels by engineering sacrificial DNA hairpin loops into model network hydrogels formed from star-shaped building blocks. We characterize the force-extension response of single DNA hairpins and are able to describe how the specific topology influences the nonlinear mechanical behavior at different length scales. For this purpose, we utilize force spectroscopy as well as microscopic and macroscopic deformation tests. This study contributes to a better understanding of designing nonlinear strain-adaptive features into hydrogel materials.

38095075

Efficacy of levamisole, ivermectin and moxidectin against <i>Capillaria</i> spp. in European hedgehogs (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>).

This randomised study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of treatment protocols containing levamisole, ivermectin, or moxidectin against <i>Capillaria spp.</i> in naturally infected European hedgehogs (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>) presented to a British wildlife rehabilitation centre. Faecal analysis, consisting of wet mount and flotation, was performed for 229 hedgehogs weighing &#8805;200g. Animals testing positive for <i>Capillaria spp.</i> (81%), excluding pregnant females, were randomly allocated a treatment protocol. Initially, hedgehogs (n = 50) received one of six 'pilot' protocols, whereas the remaining animals (n = 97) received one of three 'main' protocols. Faecal analysis was repeated on day 8 and day 12 after treatment initiation. Efficacy of each treatment was assessed based on <i>Capillaria</i> reduction rate (CRR), weight gain, presence of respiratory clinical signs, and outcome. Pilot protocols containing only moxidectin had a significantly lower CRR (&#8805;28.1%) compared to those with levamisole or ivermectin (&#8805;86.6%), whereas the main protocols containing levamisole had a significantly higher CRR (&#8805;93.0%) compared to those containing only ivermectin (&#8805;69.3%). Clinical parameters did not differ significantly between treatments, but animals with respiratory clinical signs at the end of the trial were significantly more likely to have lower CRR and test positive for <i>Crenosoma striatum. C. striatum</i> often appeared refractory to treatment, and managing these infections requires additional anthelmintic therapy. Based on the formulations and dosages trialled, moxidectin is not recommended for treating capillariosis in European hedgehogs, whereas levamisole given orally for two consecutive days at 25-35 mg/kg is suggested as the treatment of choice.

38095076

Age-specific differences in cervical cancer screening rates in women using mental health services in New South Wales, Australia.

Women living with mental health conditions have lower cervical cancer screening rates and higher mortality. More evidence is needed to target health system improvement efforts. We describe overall and age-specific cervical cancer screening rates in mental health service users in New South Wales.

38095077

Live birth rate of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist versus luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocol in IVF/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

38095078

Modeling basal body temperature data using horseshoe process regression.

Biomedical data often exhibit jumps or abrupt changes. For example, women's basal body temperature may jump at ovulation, menstruation, implantation, and miscarriage. These sudden changes make these data challenging to model: many methods will oversmooth the sharp changes or overfit in response to measurement error. We develop horseshoe process regression (HPR) to address this problem. We define a horseshoe process as a stochastic process in which each increment is horseshoe-distributed. We use the horseshoe process as a nonparametric Bayesian prior for modeling a potentially nonlinear association between an outcome and its continuous predictor, which we implement via Stan and in the R package HPR. We provide guidance and extensions to advance HPR's use in applied practice: we introduce a Bayesian imputation scheme to allow for interpolation at unobserved values of the predictor within the HPR; include additional covariates via a partial linear model framework; and allow for monotonicity constraints. We find that HPR performs well when fitting functions that have sharp changes. We apply HPR to model women's basal body temperatures over the course of the menstrual cycle.

38095079

Research LetterWhat do Australian consumers with lived experience of bipolar disorder want from early intervention services?

38095080

Disentangling the link between social determinants of health and child survival in Nigeria during the Sustainable Development Goals era: a hierarchical path analysis of time-to-event outcome.

While social determinants of health have been perennially linked to child survival in resource-limited countries, the precise and tested pathways to effect are not clearly understood. The objective of this study was therefore to identify the critical pathways as posited a priori in a model through which social factors (at maternal, household, and community levels) determine neonatal, infant, and under-five mortalities in Nigeria. Using a novel analytic approach (hierarchical path modelling for predicting accelerated failure time) to estimate (in)direct and total effects of social determinants of child survival, we analysed 30,960 live births (weighted data for representativeness), obtained from the 2016/2017 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. There were three outcome variables: time until occurrence of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortalities. The independent variables were layered factors related to child, maternal, household and community. Geographical region, rurality of residence, infrastructural development, maternal education, contraceptive use, marital status, and maternal age at birth were found to operate more indirectly on neonatal, infant, and under-five survival. Child survival is due to direct effects of child's sex (female), gestational type (singleton), birth spacing (children whose mothers delivered at least two years apart), and maternal age at delivery (20-34 years). According to the path coefficients, the indirect effects of geographical regions are the most influential determinants of child survival, accounting for 30% (neonatal), 37.1% (infant) and 39.9% (under-five) of the total effects. This study offers comprehensive set of factors, and linked pathways, at the maternal, household, and community levels that are associated with child survival in Nigeria. To accelerate progress towards Sustainable Development Goal targets for child survival and reduce geographical inequities, stakeholders should implement more impactful policies that promote maternal education, contraceptive use and improve living conditions of women (especially in rural areas of northern Nigeria). Future research should focus on identifying the most effective interventions for addressing these social determinants of child survival in Nigeria.

38095081

Dual-target inhibitors based on COX-2: a review from medicinal chemistry perspectives.

Inhibitors of COX-2 constitute a class of anti-inflammatory analgesics, showing potential against certain types of cancer. However, such inhibitors are associated with cardiovascular toxicity. Moreover, although single-target molecules possess specificity for particular targets, they often lead to poor safety, low efficacy and drug resistance due to compensatory mechanisms. A new generation of dual-target drugs that simultaneously inhibit COX-2 and another target is showing strong potential to treat cancer or reduce adverse cardiac effects. The present perspective focuses on the structure and functions of COX-2, and its role as a therapeutic target. It also explores the current state and future possibilities for dual-target strategies from a medicinal chemistry perspective.

38095082

[Psychometric validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) in Spanish in a Mexican population].

Mexico is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. The increase of addictive behaviors at an early age is a possible cause of its development. The Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) allows identifying children with food addictive behaviors.

38095083

Integrated Care for Pregnant and Parenting People with Substance Use.

Caring for pregnant people with substance use requires knowledge about specific substances used, treatment options, and an integrated, trauma-informed care team. This chapter will discuss crucial information for clinicians regarding evidence-based practice for screening, intervention, and ongoing support for pregnant people and their families impacted by substance use.

38095084

Toxicological Profiling of Potential Shikimate Kinase Inhibitors Against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.

Over the last decade, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> has mutated into a putative 'superbug', as treatments against it have failed due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. As a result, the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is posing a significant public health threat, thus, the need to develop effective drugs for MDR-TB has become an urgent priority. To identify new drug candidates for the treatment of MDR-TB, the present study was based on mycobacterial shikimate kinase (MtSK) as the pharmacological target. One hundred potential MtSK inhibitors were identified from literature and database searches to identify compounds that were designed to specifically function as MtSK antagonists. The ADME properties of these compounds were evaluated by using the SwissADME web tool. ProTox-II software was also used to investigate any potential endocrine disrupting effects, mediated through their interaction with oestrogenic and/or androgenic receptors. This study also aimed to predict LD₅₀ values of potential drug candidates that would be active against the standard H37Rv strain of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, by using the ProTox-II <i>in silico</i> tool. The molecules for which no structural hazard alerts were identified with these software tools were further subjected to molecular docking analyses and molecular dynamic simulations to estimate their ability to interact with the MtSK enzyme. Preliminary results from SwissADME indicated that 30 molecules were drug-like, due to their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. However, subsequent analysis with ToxTree and ProTox-II indicated that only three of these 30 drug-like molecules were suitable for taking forward into further <i>in vitro</i> experiments. This study, which is based on the use of commonly used open-source <i>in silico</i> tools, identified new MtSK ligands for potential use in the development of new drugs for the therapeutic management of tuberculosis. An initial prediction of their safety profile was also generated.

38095085

The Role of <i>MAPRE2</i> and Microtubules in Maintaining Normal Ventricular Conduction.

Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">The Brugada syndrome is associated with loss-of-function <i>SCN5A</i> variants, yet these account for only &#8776;20% of cases. A recent genome-wide association study identified a novel locus within <i>MAPRE2</i>, which encodes EB (microtubule end-binding protein) 2, implicating microtubule involvement in the Brugada syndrome.

38095086

[Home parenteral nutrition in patients with malignant bowel obstruction. Ethical considerations].

patients with cancer are one of the main group of patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Patients with malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) represent a challenging group when considering HPN. At the Ethics Working Group of SENPE ethical considerations on this subject were reviewed and a guidelines proposal was made.

38095087

Diagnostic Delay and Disease Burden in Primary Aldosteronism: An International Patient Survey.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common but underdiagnosed cause of hypertension. Many patients experience preventable end-organ injury due to delayed or missed diagnosis but data on the experience of patients are limited.

38095089

Correction to "Recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem cell-based skin regeneration".

38095088

Troponin I Tyrosine Phosphorylation Beneficially Accelerates Diastolic Function.

A healthy heart is able to modify its function and increase relaxation through posttranslational modifications of myofilament proteins. While there are known examples of serine/threonine kinases directly phosphorylating myofilament proteins to modify heart function, the roles of tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation to directly modify heart function have not been demonstrated. The myofilament protein TnI (troponin I) is the inhibitory subunit of the troponin complex and is a key regulator of cardiac contraction and relaxation. We previously demonstrated that TnI-Y26 phosphorylation decreases calcium-sensitive force development and accelerates calcium dissociation, suggesting a novel role for tyrosine kinase-mediated TnI-Y26 phosphorylation to regulate cardiac relaxation. Therefore, we hypothesize that increasing TnI-Y26 phosphorylation will increase cardiac relaxation in vivo and be beneficial during pathological diastolic dysfunction.

38095090

Curcumin attenuates diphenyl phosphate-induced apoptosis in GC-2spd(ts) cells through activated autophagy via the Nrf2/P53 pathway.

Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) is one of the frequently used derivatives of aryl phosphate esters and is used as a plasticizer in industrial production. Like other plasticizers, DPhP is not chemically bound and can easily escape into the environment, thereby affecting human health. DPhP has been associated with developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and interference with thyroid homeostasis. However, understanding of the underlying mechanism of DPhP on the reproductive toxicity of GC-2spd(ts) cells remains limited. For the first time, we investigated the effect of DPhP on GC-2spd(ts) cell apoptosis. By decreasing nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor (Nrf2)/p53 signaling, DPhP inhibited autophagy and promoted apoptosis. DPhP reduced total antioxidant capacity and nuclear Nrf2 and its downstream target gene expression. In addition, we investigated the protective effects of Curcumin (Cur) against DPhP toxicity. Cur attenuated the DPhP-induced rise in p53 expression while increasing Nrf2 expression. Cur inhibited DPhP-induced apoptosis in GC-2spd(ts) cells by activating autophagy via Nrf2/p53 signaling. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into the reproductive toxicity hazards of DPhP and demonstrates that Cur is an important therapeutic agent for alleviating DPhP-induced reproductive toxicity by regulating Nrf2/p53 signaling.

38095091

Strategies and Rules for Tuning TCR-derived Therapy.

38095092

Risankizumab to treat moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults: an evaluation of trials and data.

Risankizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-23. It is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and more recently moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD).

38095093

Enantioselective synthesis of 3-(<i>N</i>-indolyl)quinolines containing axial and central chiralities.

Quinoline and indole are important core structures in biologically active compounds and materials. Atropisomeric biaryls consisting of quinoline and indole are a unique class of axially chiral molecules. We report herein enantioselective synthesis of 3-(<i>N</i>-indolyl)quinolines having both C-N axial chirality and carbon central chirality by a photoredox Minisci-type addition reaction catalyzed by a chiral lithium phosphate/Ir-photoredox complex. The catalytic system enabled access to a unique class of 3-(<i>N</i>-indolyl)quinolines with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities in good yields through the appropriate choice of an acid catalyst and a photocatalyst. This is the first example of the synthesis of 3-(<i>N</i>-indolyl)quinoline atropisomers in a highly enantioselective manner.

38095094

Single-Nucleus Analysis Reveals Tumor Heterogeneity of Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma.

Recent advances in omics techniques have allowed detailed genetic characterization of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). The pathogenesis of APA is characterized by tumorigenesis-associated aldosterone synthesis. The pathophysiological intricacies of APAs have not yet been elucidated at the level of individual cells. Therefore, a single-cell level analysis is speculated to be valuable in studying the differentiation process of APA.

38095095

Impact of COVID-19 program adaptations on costs and cost-effectiveness of community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) program in South Sudan.

We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the protocol adaptations on cost and cost-effectiveness of CMAM program in South Sudan.

38095096

CT-based radiomic markers are independent prognosticators of survival in advanced laryngeal cancer: A pilot study.

38095097

Two-tier subclassification of the Bethesda category III (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance) in thyroid cytology.

The Bethesda category III, AUS/FLUS, comprises a heterogeneous group of thyroid lesions with variable risk of malignancy (ROM). This study evaluates ROM in two subgroups of this category based on nuclear atypia and architectural atypia.

38095098

<i>Scaphanocephalus</i> spp. (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) in intermediate and definitive hosts of the Yucat&#225;n Peninsula, Mexico, with a re-description of <i>Scaphanocephalus expansus</i>.

<i>Scaphanocephalus</i> is a small trematode genus belonging to the family Opistorchiidae. The genus currently contains only three species associated with marine fish as intermediate hosts and fish-eating birds as definitive hosts. Here, specimens of <i>Scaphanocephalus</i> were collected from the Osprey, <i>Pandion haliaetus</i>, and the White mullet, <i>Mugil curema</i> in the Yucat&#225;n Peninsula, Mexico. We report for the first-time DNA sequences of adult specimens of <i>Scaphanocephalus</i>, particularly <i>S. expansus</i>, as well as a sequence of a different species sampled as metacercaria. Morphological comparisons of <i>Scaphanocephalus expansus</i> confirmed the identity of the adult specimens, with minor morphological variations; Scanning electron photomicrographs were included, and the species was re-described. Phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences showed that <i>Scaphanocephalus</i> is monophyletic within Opisthorchiidae and consists of three independent lineages. Sequences of adults are identical to those of <i>S. expansus.</i> Instead, the sequence of the metacercaria sampled from the mesentery of <i>Mugil curema</i> nested with specimens reported as <i>Scaphanocephalus</i> sp. from a labrid fish in the Mediterranean Sea, herein named it as <i>Scaphanocephalus</i> sp. 2.

38095099

Hexakispyrazolylethane: A New Strategy for Stabilization of Hexaarylethane.

Hexakis(4-trimethylsilylpyrazol-1-yl)ethane (1TMS) was synthesized by the oxidative dimerization of tris(4-trimethylsilylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (2TMS). Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of 1TMS showed that the ethane C-C bond (1.623(4) Å) is shorter than that in hexaphenylethane (1.67(3) Å). In solution, 1TMS existed as a single species, contrastive that conventional hexaphenylethanes can keep the central C-C bond only by the aid of additional bridges between the two triarylmethyl units. Theoretical calculations indicated that the tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methyl radical (2H•), which is anticipated to be under equilibrium with hexakis(pyrazol-1-yl)ethane (1H), is less stable than trityl radicals due to lack of delocalization of the radicals. Furthermore, introduction of pyrazole groups allowed additional bridging between the two triarylmethyl moieties through metal coordination to the adjacent N atoms: 1TMS exhibited unique coordination to three Ag atoms affording a hexaarylethane analog bearing three N-Ag-N bridges.

38095100

Planetary health diet versus usual diet in adolescents. How do food and physical activity influence academic performance?

to analyze the relationship of the similarity of planetary health diet and habitual diet with the practice of physical activity on the academic performance of adolescent high school students by gender.

38095101

Recruitment of older adults from long-term care settings for a longitudinal clinical trial.

Recruitment of residents for research from long-term care settings is known to be difficult. The purpose of this study was to summarize the effectiveness and cost in terms of time and dollars of recruitment methods for a cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in long-term care settings. This study was a retrospective, exploratory, descriptive analysis of recruitment data. After recruitment of 15 independent and assisted living communities, residents at each site were recruited to participate in the study using combinations of 12 different recruitment methods. Recruitment methods, time spent screening, and enrollment data were collected. Recruitment data were analyzed at the levels of site, research staff member, and participant. Over the study period, 279 older adults were screened and 172 enrolled from the 15 sites. Many participants were cognitively impaired. Research staff spent 39-89 h recruiting at each site and utilized an average of four different recruitment methods per site. Introductions of participants by site contacts yielded the most consented participants compared to other recruitment methods. Sites that had a dedicated recruiter utilized more recruiting methods and enrolled more participants than those without a dedicated recruiter. The cost of recruiting averaged $1490 per site and $93-$258 per enrollee (mean $144, standard deviation $58), but was more costly in larger facilities. Recruitment of older adults from long-term care communities requires multiple methods of recruitment, skilled recruitment staff, and trust with the staff and potential participants.

38095102

Comparison of sedation efficacy of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in terms of opioid consumption in patients requiring postoperative mechanical ventilation after head and neck onco-surgeries - A randomized prospective study.

The conventional drug regimen of sedation for patients requiring mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) is propofol or midazolam. Dexmedetomidine is a newer drug for sedation with a better clinical profile. We conducted this study to compare the sedative efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in patients after head and neck cancer surgeries requiring mechanical ventilation.

38095103

Intermittent hypoxia in sport nutrition, performance, health status and body composition.

Intermittent hypoxia refers to the discontinuous use of low oxygen levels in normobaric environment. These conditions can be reproduced in hypoxic tents or chambers while the individual is training in different physical activity protocols. Intermittent hypoxia can affect several body systems, impacting nutrition, physical performance, health status and body composition. Therefore, it is necessary to assess protocols, regarding time and frequency of exposure, passive exposure or training in hypoxia, and the simulated altitude. At the molecular level, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is the primary factor mediating induction of target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin. The goal of these molecular changes is to preserve oxygen supply for cardiac and neuronal function. In addition, hypoxia produces a sympathetic adrenal activation that can increase the resting metabolic rate. Altogether, these changes are instrumental in protocols designed to improve physical performance as well as functional parameters for certain pathological disorders. In addition, nutrition must adapt to the increased energy expenditure. In this last context, performing physical activity in intermittent hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the presence of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 in muscle membranes. These changes could also be relevant for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Also, the anorectic effect of intermittent hypoxia modulates serotonin and circulating leptin levels, which may contribute to regulate food intake and favor body weight adaptation for optimal sport performance and health. All these actions suggest that intermittent hypoxia can be a very effective tool in sports training as well as in certain clinical protocols.

38095104

Cadmium-induced global DNA hypermethylation promoting mitochondrial dynamics dysregulation in hippocampal neurons.

Environmental cadmium exposure during pregnancy or adolescence can cause neurodevelopmental toxicity, lead to neurological impairment, and reduce cognitive abilities, such as learning and memory. However, the mechanisms by which cadmium causes neurodevelopmental toxicity and cognitive impairment are still not fully elucidated. This study used hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro to observe the impact of cadmium exposure on mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis. Exposure to 5 μM cadmium causes degradation of hippocampal neuron cell bodies and axons, morphological destruction, low cell viability, and apoptosis increase. Cadmium exposure upregulates the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins Drp1 and Fis1, reduces the expression of mitochondrial fusion-related proteins MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1, as well as reduces the expression of PGC-1a. Mitochondrial morphology detection demonstrated that cadmium exposure changes the morphological structure of mitochondria in hippocampal neurons, increasing the number of punctate and granular mitochondria, reducing the number of tubular and reticular mitochondria, decreasing mitochondrial mass, dissipating mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and reducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Cadmium exposure increases the global methylation level of the genome and upregulates the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3α in hippocampal neurons. 5-Aza-CdR reduces cadmium-induced genome methylation levels in hippocampal neurons, increases the number of tubular and reticular mitochondria, and promotes cell viability. In conclusion, cadmium regulates the expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins by increasing hippocampal neuron genome methylation, changing mitochondrial morphology and function, and exerting neurotoxic effects.

38095105

ApoA-I Protects Pancreatic β-Cells From Cholesterol-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Restores Their Ability to Secrete Insulin.

High cholesterol levels in pancreatic β-cells cause oxidative stress and decrease insulin secretion. β-cells can internalize apo (apolipoprotein) A-I, which increases insulin secretion. This study asks whether internalization of apoA-I improves β-cell insulin secretion by reducing oxidative stress.

38095106

Prediction of Venous Thromboembolism in Diverse Populations Using Machine Learning and Structured Electronic Health Records.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current risk assessment tools, such as the Caprini and Padua scores and Wells criteria, have limitations in their applicability and accuracy. This study aimed to develop machine learning models using structured electronic health record data to predict diagnosis and 1-year risk of VTE.

38095107

Using Genomics to Identify Novel Therapeutic Targets for Aortic Disease.

Aortic disease, including dissection, aneurysm, and rupture, carries significant morbidity and mortality and is a notable cause of sudden cardiac death. Much of our knowledge regarding the genetic basis of aortic disease has relied on the study of individuals with Mendelian aortopathies and, until recently, the genetic determinants of population-level variance in aortic phenotypes remained unclear. However, the application of machine learning methodologies to large imaging datasets has enabled researchers to rapidly define aortic traits and mine dozens of novel genetic associations for phenotypes such as aortic diameter and distensibility. In this review, we highlight the emerging potential of genomics for identifying causal genes and candidate drug targets for aortic disease. We describe how deep learning technologies have accelerated the pace of genetic discovery in this field. We then provide a blueprint for translating genetic associations to biological insights, reviewing techniques for locus and cell type prioritization, high-throughput functional screening, and disease modeling using cellular and animal models of aortic disease.

38095108

New Player in an Old Field? Ecto-F₁-ATPase in Antidiabetic Actions of HDL in Pancreatic &#946;-Cells.

38095109

Extent of Abdominal Aortic Calcification Is Associated With Incident Rapid Weight Loss Over 5 Years: PLSAW.

Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC)-a marker of vascular disease-is associated with disease in other vascular beds including gastrointestinal arteries. We investigated whether AAC is related to rapid weight loss over 5 years and whether rapid weight loss is associated with 9.5-year all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older women.

38095111

Diabetes Mellitus and Poor Glycemic Control are Associated with a Higher Risk of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: An Analysis of a Large Nationwide Database.

A large-scale retrospective case-control study.

38095110

Assessing Mailuoning injection in wound healing and thrombophlebitis management: A rat model study.

Thrombophlebitis is the inflammatory condition characterized by obstruction of one or more vessels, commonly in the legs, due to the formation of blood clots. It has been reported that traditional Chinese medicine, including Mailuoning injection, is advantageous for treating inflammatory and blood disorders. This research assessed the therapeutic efficacy of Mailuoning injection in the treatment of thrombophlebitis in rodents, as well as investigated its impact on fibrinolysis, inflammation, and coagulation. An experimental setup for thrombophlebitis was established in rodents via modified ligation technique. Five groups comprised the animals: sham operation group, model group, and three Mailuoning treatment groups (low, medium, and high dosages). The pain response, edema, coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, TT, FIB), serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP), and expression levels of endothelial markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, NF-κB) were evaluated. Blood flow and vascular function were further assessed by measuring hemorheological parameters and the concentrations of TXB2, ET, and 6-k-PGF1α. In contrast to the sham group, model group demonstrated statistically significant increases in endothelial expression levels, coagulation latencies, and inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). The administration of mailing, specifically at high and medium dosages, resulted in a substantial reduction in inflammatory markers, enhancement of coagulation parameters, suppression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, and restoration of hemorheological measurements to baseline (p < 0.05). Significantly higher concentrations of 6-k-PGF1α and lower levels of TXB2 and ET were observed in high-dose group, suggesting that pro- and anti-thrombotic factors were restored to equilibrium. Utilization of Mailuoning injection in rat model of thrombophlebitis exhibited significant therapeutic impact. This effect was manifested through pain alleviation, diminished inflammation, enhanced blood viscosity and facilitation of fibrinolysis. The study indicated that Mailuoning injection may serve as a viable therapeutic option for thrombophlebitis, potentially aiding in the improvement of wound healing by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and blood flow-enhancing characteristics.

38095112

Disclosing the Interfacial Electrolyte Structure of Na-Insertion Electrode Materials: Origins of the Desolvation Phenomenon.

Among a variety of promising cathode materials for Na-ion batteries, polyanionic Na-insertion compounds are among the preferred choices due to known fast sodium transfer through the ion channels along their framework structures. The most interesting representatives are Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) and Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃ (NVPF), which display large Na⁺ diffusion coefficients (up to 10^-9 m² s^-1 in NVP) and high voltage plateaux (up to 4.2 V for NVPF). While the diffusion in the solid material is well-known to be the rate-limiting step during charging, already being thoroughly discussed in the literature, interfacial transport of sodium ions from the liquid electrolyte toward the electrode was recently shown to be important due to complex ion desolvation effects at the surface. In order to fill the blanks in the description of the electrode/electrolyte interface in Na-ion batteries, we performed a molecular dynamics study of the local nanostructure of a series of carbonate-based sodium electrolytes at the NVP and the NVPF interfaces along with careful examination of the desolvation phenomenon. We show that the tightness of solvent packing at the electrode surface is a major factor determining the height of the free energy barrier associated with desolvation, which explains the differences between the NVP and the NVPF structures. To rationalize and emphasize the remarkable properties of this family of cathode materials, a complementary comparative analysis of the same electrolyte system at the carbon electrode interface was also performed.

38095114

Identifying the influences of aging, generations, and cohorts on gender norms and suicide risk in late life.

38095113

Comparing age- and bone-related differences in collagen fiber orientation: A case study of bats and laboratory mice using quantitative polarized light microscopy.

As bones age in most mammals, they typically become more fragile. This state of bone fragility is often associated with more homogenous collagen fiber orientations (CFO). Unlike most mammals, bats maintain mechanically competent bone throughout their lifespans, but little is known of positional and age-related changes in CFO within wing bones. This study tests the hypothesis that age-related changes in CFO in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) differ from those of the standard mammalian model for skeletal aging, the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse. We used data from quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) to compare CFO across the lifespan of long-lived big brown bats and age matched C57BL/6 mice. Eptesicus and C57BL/6 mice displayed idiosyncratic patterns of CFO. Consistent age-related changes were only apparent in the outer cortical bone of Eptesicus, where bone tissue is more longitudinally arranged and more anisotropic in older individuals. Both taxa displayed a ring of more transversely oriented bone tissue surrounding the medullary cavity. In Eptesicus, this tissue represents a greater proportion of the overall cross-section, and is more clearly helically aligned (arranged at 45° to the bone long axis) than similar bone tissue in mice. Bat wing bones displayed a proximodistal gradient in CFO anisotropy and longitudinal orientation in both outer and inner cortical bone compartments. This study lays a methodological foundation for the quantitative evaluation of bone tissue architecture in volant and non-volant mammals that may be expanded in the future.

38095115

Prevalence and determinants of postpartum depression among adolescent and adult mothers in Northwest Ethiopia.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental health issue in resource-limited settings that negatively affects the well-being of mothers and children. However, PPD often remains untreated, leading to long-term consequences for families. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and determinants of PPD among adolescent and adult mothers in northwest Ethiopia. Data were collected from 374 adolescent (10-19 years) and 760 adult (20-34 years) mothers 6 weeks after childbirth. Data were analyzed using binary and multiple logistic regression. Adolescent mothers had a significantly higher proportion of PPD (37.4%) than adult mothers (20.1%) and were more likely to report low self-esteem (13.1% vs. 8.2%) and low social support (28.3% vs. 23.3%). Factors associated with PPD differed between adolescent and adult mothers. Adolescent mothers with PPD were more likely to report household food insecurity, low self-esteem, low knowledge of postpartum complications, and working in agriculture or professional/technical occupations. For adult mothers, factors associated with PPD included distance to the nearest health facility, medium social support, inadequate dietary diversity, and food insecurity. Results suggest that targeted interventions by age group are needed to reduce the burden of PPD in Ethiopia.

38095116

Comparing novel virtual reality and nursing standard care on burn wound care pain in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial.

This study compared the effectiveness of age-appropriate, high technology, interactive virtual reality (VR) distraction with standard care (SC) provided by the nurse on adolescents' acute procedural pain intensity perception during burn wound care treatment in the ambulatory clinic setting.

38095117

Complex oiling-out behavior of procaine with stable and metastable liquid phases.

During the crystallization of a solute from solvent(s), spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) might occur, under certain conditions. This phenomenon, colloquially referred to as "oiling-out" in the pharmaceutical industry, often leads to undesired outcomes, including undesired particle properties, encrustation, ineffective impurity rejection, and excessively long process time. Therefore, it is critical to understand the thermodynamic driving force and phase boundaries of this phenomenon, such that rational strategies can be developed to avoid oiling-out or minimize its negative impact. In this study, we systematically evaluated the oiling-out behavior of procaine, a low melting point drug, in the solvent systems heptane, and ethanol-heptane as a function of temperature and solvent composition. In the procaine-heptane binary system, we observed a region where the LLPS is metastable with respect to crystallization, which is most commonly observed in the crystallization of modern active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs); however, we also identified a region of the phase diagram where the LLPS is stable with respect to crystallization, and therefore will persist indefinitely. In the procaine-ethanol-heptane ternary system we identified five different regions, including a homogeneous liquid (L) region, two solid-liquid (SL_I and SL_II) regions, a liquid-liquid (L_IL_II) region, and a solid-liquid-liquid (SL_IL_II) region. The binary and ternary phase diagrams were also predicted using a state-of-the-art thermodynamic model: the SAFT-&#947;-Mie equation of state, and the results were compared with experimental data. Our findings highlight the complexity of oiling-out behavior. This work also represents a combined modeling and experimental platform to identify phase boundaries that will enable rational selection of strategies to crystallize active pharmaceutical ingredients with oiling-out risks.

38095118

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in Australian adolescents: Analysis of the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.

The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is used to screen adolescents for mental disorders in Australian clinical practice; however, there are no Australian adolescent normative data.

38095119

Making Sense of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Stroke.

Implantable vagus nerve stimulation, paired with high-dose occupational therapy, has been shown to be effective in improving upper limb function among patients with stroke and received regulatory approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Combining nonsurgical and surgical approaches of vagus nerve stimulation in recent meta-analyses has resulted in misleading reports on the efficacy of each type of stimulation among patients with stroke. This article aims to clarify the confusion surrounding implantable vagus nerve stimulation as a poststroke treatment option, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and implantable vagus nerve stimulation. Recent meta-analyses on vagus nerve stimulation have inappropriately combined studies of fundamentally different interventions, outcome measures, and participant selection, which do not conform to methodological best practices and, hence, cannot be used to deduce the relative efficacy of the different types of vagus nerve stimulation for stroke rehabilitation. Health care providers, patients, and insurers should rely on appropriately designed research to guide well-informed decisions.

38095120

Causal Association of Iron Status With Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke.

Iron status has been associated with functional outcomes after ischemic stroke (IS). Nonetheless, this association may be affected by confounders. We perform Mendelian randomization to clarify the causal association between iron status and functional outcome after IS.

38095121

Metabolic syndrome risk among adolescents in the Deep South and the relationships with behavioral health, food insecurity, and physical activity.

A combination of physical and psychosocial risk factors put adolescents at risk for poor cardiometabolic health and chronic disease burden, often recognized as metabolic syndrome. The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome risk among adolescents, utilizing the metabolic syndrome severity index, and (2) determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome risk and behavioral health, food insecurity, and physical inactivity among adolescents.

38095122

Prevalence and Determinants of Goiter among Children of South Kordofan state, Sudan, 2021: an urgent need for effective implementation of Universal Salt Iodization.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of goiter among children aged 6-12 years at South Kordofan State.

38095123

Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and follow-up of lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis: A retrospective case series in China.

38095125

Endoscopic endonasal combined transoral medial approach to the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and jugular foramen.

This study aimed to validate the feasibility of an endoscopic endonasal combined transoral medial approach for treating lesions in the nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space (PPS), and jugular foramen.

38095126

The Use of a Surgical Spoon in the Removal of Substernal Goiter.

Goiter with substernal extension is common, with a reported incidence of up to 20% in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. It has been shown that the vast majority of substernal goiters can be removed through a cervical incision. However, if this is not possible, a sternotomy is usually required, which could add significant morbidity to an otherwise routine operation. During substernal mobilization, the surgeon's finger is typically placed under the strap muscles and against the thyroid capsule, hooking around the inferior aspect of the gland to facilitate separation of the gland from its mediastinal attachments. In cases where the length required for successful substernal mobilization is beyond the reach of a surgeon's fingers, the use of an alternative strategy may be required. A surgical spoon is a blunt, curved instrument that can allow safe substernal mobilization while providing the added length needed when digital mobilization is inadequate. Here, we describe the use of a surgical spoon for the safe and successful removal of a goiter with substernal extension unable to be removed with digital manipulation.

38095124

Play brick therapy to aid the social skills of children and young people with autism spectrum disorder: the I-SOCIALISE cluster RCT.

Label="Background" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">Social skills interventions are commonly recommended to help children and young people with autism spectrum disorder develop social skills, but some struggle to engage in these interventions. LEGO^&#174; (LEGO System A/S, Billund, Denmark) based therapy, a group social skills intervention, aims to be more interesting and engaging.

38095127

The Mental Health Australia General Clinical Trials Network (MAGNET): The why, who and how?

38095129

Cation delocalization and photo-isomerization enhance the uncaging quantum yield of a photocleavable protecting group.

Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) enable the light-induced, spatiotemporal control over the release of a payload of interest. Two fundamental challenges in the design of new, effective PPGs are increasing the quantum yield (QY) of photolysis and red-shifting the absorption spectrum. Here we describe the combination of two photochemical strategies for PPG optimization in one molecule, resulting in significant improvements in both these crucial parameters. Furthermore, we for the first time identify the process of photo-isomerization to strongly influence the QY of photolysis of a PPG and identify the <i>cis</i>-isomer as the superior PPG.

38095128

Identifying eating disorders at the earliest opportunity: Testing the reliability of an online eating disorder screener (IOI-S) in primary care and youth mental health settings.

Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with significant disease burden and unacceptably high mortality rates. Early intervention significantly improves prognosis and can prevent chronic suffering; however, large numbers of people with the illness are not being identified or managed in primary healthcare. The current study aimed to test the reliability of the face-to-face, clinician delivery of a previously validated, co-designed, online screening tool for eating disorders.

38095130

Organizing collective cell migration through guidance by followers.

Morphogenesis, wound healing, and some cancer metastases rely on the collective migration of groups of cells. In these processes, guidance and coordination between cells and tissues are critical. While strongly adherent epithelial cells have to move collectively, loosely organized mesenchymal cells can migrate as individual cells. Nevertheless, many of them migrate collectively. This article summarizes how migratory reactions to cell-cell contacts, also called "contact regulation of locomotion" behaviors, organize mesenchymal collective cell migration. It focuses on one recently discovered mechanism called "guidance by followers", through which a cell is oriented by its immediate followers. In the gastrulating zebrafish embryo, during embryonic axis elongation, this phenomenon is responsible for the collective migration of the leading tissue, the polster, and its guidance by the following posterior axial mesoderm. Such guidance of migrating cells by followers ensures long-range coordination of movements and developmental robustness. Along with other "contact regulation of locomotion" behaviors, this mechanism contributes to organizing collective migration of loose populations of cells.

38095131

Troponin T1 silencing inhibits paclitaxel resistance and the development of breast cancer via suppressing rat sarcoma virus/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma 1 pathway.

We aimed to determine the role of Troponin T1 (TNNT1) in paclitaxel (PTX) resistance and tumor progression in breast cancer (BC).

38095132

Similarity searching for anticandidal agents employing a repurposing approach.

Fungal infections caused by <i>Candida</i> are still a public health concern. Particularly, the resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic agents is a major issue that requires efforts to develop new therapies. One of the most interesting approaches to finding new active compounds is drug repurposing aided by computational methods. In this work, two databases containing anticandidal agents and drugs were studied employing cheminformatics and compared by similarity methods. The results showed 36 drugs with high similarities to some candicidals. From these drugs, trimetozin, osalmid and metochalcone were evaluated against <i>C. albicans</i> (18804), <i>C. glabrata</i> (90030), and miconazole-resistant strain <i>C. glabrata</i> (32554). Osalmid and metochalcone were the best, with activity in the micromolar range. These findings represent an opportunity to continue with the research on the potential antifungal application of osalmid and metochalcone as well as the design of structurally related derivatives.

38095133

JCD Editorial January 2024.

38095134

Advances in β-diketocyclisation of curcumin derivatives and their Antitumor Activity.

Curcumin, derived from the popular spice turmeric, is a pharmacologically active polyphenol. Curcumin's therapeutic activity has been extensively studied in recent decades, with reports implicating curcumin in many biological activities, particularly, its significant anticancer activity. However, its potential as an oral administration product is hampered by poor bioavailability, which is associated with a variety of factors, including low water solubility, poor intestinal permeability, instability, and degradation at alkaline pH. To improve its bioavailability, modifying β-diketone curcumin with heterocycles, such as pyrazole, isoxazole and triazole is a powerful strategy. Derivatives are synthesized while maintaining the basic skeleton of curcumin. The β-diketone cyclized curcumin derivatives are regulators of multiple molecular targets, which play vital roles in a variety of cellular pathways. In some literatures, structurally modified curcumin derivatives have been compared with curcumin, and the former has enhanced biological activity, improved water solubility and stability. Therefore, the scope of this review is to report the most recently synthesized heterocyclic derivatives and to classify them according to their chemical structures. Several of the most important and effective compounds are reviewed by introducing different active groups into the β-diketone position to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.

38095135

Chronological development of functional fluorophores for bio-imaging.

Functional fluorophores represent an emerging research field, distinguished by their diverse applications, especially in sensing and cellular imaging. After the discovery of quinine sulfate and subsequent elucidation of the fluorescence mechanism by Sir George Stokes, research in the field of fluorescence gained momentum. Over the past few decades, advancements in sophisticated instruments, including super-resolution microscopy, have further promoted cellular imaging using traditional fluorophores. These advancements include deciphering sensing mechanisms <i>via</i> photochemical reactions and scrutinizing the applications of fluorescent probes that specifically target organelles. This approach elucidates molecular interactions with biomolecules. Despite the abundance of literature illustrating different classes of probe development, a concise summary of newly developed fluorophores remains inadequate. In this review, we systematically summarize the chronological discovery of traditional fluorophores along with new fluorophores. We briefly discuss traditional fluorophores ranging from visible to near-infrared (NIR) in the context of cellular imaging and <i>in vivo</i> imaging. Furthermore, we explore ten new core fluorophores developed between 2007 and 2022, which exhibit advanced optical properties, providing new insights into bioimaging. We illustrate the utilization of new fluorophores in cellular imaging of biomolecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and proteins and microenvironments, especially pH and viscosity. Few of the fluorescent probes provided new insights into disease progression. Furthermore, we speculate on the potential prospects and significant challenges of existing fluorophores and their potential biomedical research applications. By addressing these aspects, we intend to illuminate the compelling advancements in fluorescent probe development and their potential influence across various fields.

38095136

Recent advances in stimuli-responsive tailored nanogels for cancer therapy; from bench to personalized treatment.

To improve the quality of health in a personalized manner, better control over pharmacologically relevant cargo formulation, organ-specific targeted delivery, and on-demand release of therapeutic agents is crucial. Significant work has been put into designing and developing revolutionary nanotherapeutics approaches for the effective monitoring and personalized treatment of disease. Nanogel (NG) has attracted significant interest because of its tremendous potential in cancer therapy and its environmental stimuli responsiveness. NG is considered a next-generation delivery technology due to its benefits like as size tunability, high loading, stimuli responsiveness, prolonged drug release <i>via in situ</i> gelling mechanisms, stability, and its potential to provide personalized therapy from the investigation of human genes and the genes in various types of cancers and its association with a selective anticancer drug. Stimuli-responsive NGs can be used as smart nanomedicines to detect and treat cancer and can be tuned as personalized medicine as well. This comprehensive review article's major objectives include the challenges of NGs' clinical translation for cancer treatment as well as its early preclinical successes and prospects.

38095137

Composite haemangioendothelioma with neuroendocrine marker differentiation presenting as a pink-brown nodule.

We report a case of a 55-year-old female with an asymptomatic pink-brown nodule. Histological examination demonstrated a composite haemangioendothelioma with positive synaptophysin staining.

38095138

Epigallocatechin gallate alleviated the in vivo toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles to mouse intestine.

To evaluate the oral toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), it is necessary to consider the interactions between NPs and nutrient molecules. Recently, we reported that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a healthy component in green tea, alleviated the toxicity of ZnO NPs to 3D Caco-2 spheroids in vitro. The present study investigated the combined effects of EGCG and ZnO NPs to mice in vivo. Mice were administrated with 35 or 105 mg/kg bodyweight ZnO NPs with or without the presence of 80 mg/kg bodyweight EGCG via gastric route, once a day, for 21 days, and the influences of EGCG on the toxicity of ZnO NPs to intestine were investigated. We found that EGCG altered the colloidal properties of ZnO NPs both in water and artificial intestine juice. As expected, ZnO NPs induced toxicological effects, such as decreased bodyweight, higher Chiu's scores, and ultrastructural changes in intestine, whereas EGCG alleviated these effects. Combined exposure to EGCG and ZnO NPs also changed trace element levels in mouse intestine. For example, the levels of Ti, Co, and Ni were only significantly elevated after co-exposure to EGCG and ZnO NPs, and Fe levels were only significantly decreased by ZnO NPs. Western blot analysis suggested that tight junction (TJ) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins were elevated by ZnO NPs, but EGCG inhibited this trend. Combined, these data suggested that gastric exposure to ZnO NPs induced intestinal damage, trace element imbalance, and TJ/ER protein expression in mouse intestine, whereas EGCG alleviated these effects of ZnO NPs.

38095139

Metabolic imaging in recurrent gliomas: comparative performance of 18F-FDOPA, 18F-fluorocholine and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

The aim of this study was to directly evaluate glucose, amino-acid and membrane metabolism in tumor cells for diagnosis and prognostication of recurrent gliomas.

38095140

Radioactive iodine therapy for follicular thyroid cancer: a 15 years follow-up study of Chinese patients.

To identify long-term predictors of distant metastases (DM) and the overall survival (OS) of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) patients who underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. And to expand the knowledge about the clinical course and experience of RAI treatment for FTC.

38095142

PD-L1 expression in fine-needle aspiration cell blocks of head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma and its cytohistological concordance.

PD-L1 immunoexpression in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) determines immunotherapy eligibility. Patients are often diagnosed using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of metastatic lymph nodes, however, the cytohistologic correlation of the combined positive score (CPS) is largely unknown.

38095141

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2024 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light or heavy chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and "atypical smoldering multiple myeloma or MGUS."

38095143

Differentiation of cancer of unknown primary and lymphoma in head and neck metastatic poorly differentiated cancer using 18F-FDG PET/CT tumor metabolic heterogeneity index.

To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT tumor metabolic heterogeneity index (HI) and establish and validate a nomogram model for distinguishing head and neck cancer of unknown primary (HNCUP) from lymphoma with head and neck metastatic poorly differentiated cancer.

38095145

Quantification of eosinophil densities in the oesophagus, stomach and small bowel of adults: A review of endoscopic and surgical specimens with normal histology, Free State Province, South Africa.

Studies defining eosinophil densities in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are limited. To assess whether eosinophils are pathologically infiltrating the GIT, it is important to evaluate eosinophil densities for specific populations.

38095144

Testicular regression and recrudescence in the bat Eptesicus furinalis: Morpho-physiological variations and hormonal signaling pathways.

Males of the bat Eptesicus furinalis show at least one process of testicular regression, in which the testes regress and temporarily interrupt the production of sperm, during its annual reproductive cycle. As the process of spermatogenesis is under hormonal control, mainly of pituitary and androgen hormones, our aim was to analyze the morphological variations and the hormonal control of the testes of E. furinalis during the four phases of its reproductive cycle. Testes of 18 adult males, divided into four sample groups (active, regressing, regressed, and recrudescence phases), were submitted to morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analyzes. The results demonstrate that the processes of testicular regression and recrudescence of E. furinalis are under the control of pituitary, androgen and estrogen hormones. The regulation is exerted mainly through the activation and cross signaling of AR and FSHR in Sertoli cells and of LHR in Leydig cells. The testicular regression appears to be activated by an inhibition/reduction of AR expression in Sertoli cells, which inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of new spermatogonia and causes the deactivation of spermatogenesis. Conversely, the testicular recrudescence occurs by the increasing of the expression of LHR in Leydig cells, and AR and FSHR in Sertoli cells, which reactivates the testicular production of androgens and estrogens, the proliferation of spermatogonia and restarts the spermatogenesis.

38095146

High-Performance Hydrogel Sensors Enabled Multimodal And Accurate Human-Machine Interaction System for Active Rehabilitation.

Human-machine interaction (HMI) technology shows an important application prospect in rehabilitation medicine, but it is greatly limited by the unsatisfactory recognition accuracy and wearing comfort. Here, we developed a fully flexible, conformable, and functionalized multimodal HMI interface consisting of hydrogel-based sensors and a self-designed flexible printed circuit board. Thanks to the component regulation and structural design of the hydrogel, both electromyogram (EMG) and forcemyography (FMG) signals can be collected accurately and stably, so that they are later decoded with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI). Compared with traditional multi-channel electromyographic (EMG) signals, the multimodal human-machine interaction method based on the combination of EMG and FMG signals significantly improves the efficiency of human-machine interaction by increasing the information entropy of the interaction signals. The decoding accuracy of the interaction signals from only two channels for different gestures reaches 91.28%. The resulting AI-powered active rehabilitation system can control a pneumatic robotic glove to assist stroke patients in completing movements according to the recognized human motion intention. Moreover, this HMI interface is further generalized and applied to other remote sensing platforms, such as manipulators, intelligent cars, and drones, paving the way for the design of future intelligent robot systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

38095147

Show them what they can't see! An evaluation of the use of customized 3D printed models in head and neck anatomy.

Difficulty in visualizing anatomical structures has been identified as a challenge in anatomy learning and the emergence of three-dimensional printed models (3DPMs) offers a potential solution. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 3DPMs for learning the arterial supply of the head and neck region. 184 undergraduate medical students were randomly assigned to one of four learning modalities including wet specimen, digital model, 3DPM, and textbook image. Posttest scores indicated that all four modalities supported participants' knowledge acquisition, most significantly in the wet specimen group. While the participants rated 3DPMs lower for helping correct identification of structures than wet specimens, they praised 3DPMs for their ability to demonstrate topographical relationships between the arterial supply and adjacent structures. The data further suggested that the biggest limitation of the 3DPMs was their simplicity, thus making it more difficult for users to recognize the equivalent structures on the wet specimens. It was concluded that future designs of 3DPMs will need to consider the balance between the ease of visualization of anatomical structures and the degree of complexity required for successful transfer of learning. Overall, this study presented some conflicting evidence of the favorable outcomes of 3DPMs reported in other similar studies. While effective for anatomy learning as a standalone modality, educators must identify the position 3DPM models hold relative to other modalities in the continuum of undergraduate anatomy education in order to maximize their advantages for students.

38095148

Peeling-Stiffening Self-Adhesive Ionogel with Superhigh Interfacial Toughness.

Self-adhesive materials that can directly adhere to diverse solid surfaces are indispensable in modern life and technologies. However, it remains a challenge to develop self-adhesive materials with strong adhesion while maintaining its intrinsic softness for efficient tackiness. Here we report a peeling-stiffening self-adhesive ionogel that reconciles the seemingly contradictory properties of softness and strong adhesion. The ionogel contains two ionophilic repeating units with distinct associating affinities, which allows to adaptively wet rough surface in the soft dissipating state for adhering, and to dramatically stiffen to the glassy state upon peeling. The corresponding modulus increases by 117 times driven by strain rate-induced phase separation, which greatly suppresses crack propagation and results in a record-high interfacial toughness of 8046 J m^-2 . The self-adhesive ionogel is also transparent, self-healable, recyclable, and can be easily removed by simple moisture treatment. Our strategy provides a new way to design high-performance self-adhesive materials for intelligent soft devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

38095149

Effects of docetaxel on metastatic prostate (DU-145) carcinoma cells cultured as 2D monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids.

Docetaxel (DTX) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs indicated as a first-line treatment against metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). This study aimed to compare the impact of DTX on mPCa (DU-145) tumor cells cultured as 2D monolayers and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) <i>in vitro</i>. The cells were treated with DTX (1-96&#8201;&#181;M) at 24, 48, or 72&#8201;hr in cell viability assays (resazurin, phosphatase acid, and lactate dehydrogenase). Cell death was assessed with fluorescent markers and proliferation by clonogenic assay (2D) and morphology, volume, and integrity assay (3D). The cell invasion was determined using transwell (2D) and extracellular matrix (ECM) (3D). Results showed that DTX decreased cell viability in both culture models. In 2D, the IC₅₀ (72&#8201;hr) values were 11.06&#8201;&#956;M and 14.23&#8201;&#956;M for resazurin and phosphatase assays, respectively. In MCTS, the IC₅₀ values for the same assays were 114.9&#8201;&#956;M and 163.7&#8201;&#956;M, approximately 10-fold higher than in the 2D model. The % of viable cells decreased, while the apoptotic cell number was elevated compared to the control in 2D. In 3D spheroids, only DTX 24&#8201;&#956;M induced apoptosis. DTX (&#8805;24&#8201;&#956;M at 216&#8201;hr) lowered the volume, and DTX 96&#8201;&#956;M completely disintegrated the MCTS. DTX reduced the invasion of mPCa cells to matrigel (2D) and migration from MCTS to the ECM. Data demonstrated significant differences in drug response between 2D and 3D cell culture models using mPCa DU-145 tumor cells. MCTS resembles the early stages of solid tumors <i>in vivo</i> and needs to be considered in conjunction with 2D cultures when searching for new therapeutic targets.

38095150

Cognitive Reserve, Physical Reserve, and Cognitive Efficiency of Older People Living in the Sardinian Blue Zone. An Exploratory Study.

This study mainly intended to disentangle the role played by physical reserve as a mediator of the relationship between cognitive reserve and global cognitive functioning in older people aging well. A sample of 120 67-101-year-old community-dwellers was recruited in the Sardinian Blue Zone, an area characterized by the extreme longevity of its inhabitants. Each respondent completed a battery of tests examining cognitive functioning, perceived physical health, cognitive reserve, and physical reserve (objectively assessed through accelerometric-derived measures). Significant associations were found among measures of cognitive reserve, physical reserve, perceived physical health, and cognition. Besides, two mediational analyses pointed out that physical reserve and distinct indexes of cognitive reserve explained 18% and 32% of the variance associated with global cognitive functioning. In conclusion, the combination of high cognitive reserve and more preserved motor functioning seems to contribute to the maintenance of healthy cognition in older people aging well.

38095151

Clinical and radiological correlates of apathy in multiple sclerosis.

Although apathy has been associated with fronto-striatal dysfunction in several neurological disorders, its clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates have been poorly investigated in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

38095152

The medial prefrontal cortex during flexible decisions: Evidence for its role in distinct working memory processes.

During decisions that involve working memory, task-related information must be encoded, maintained across delays, and retrieved. Few studies have attempted to causally disambiguate how different brain structures contribute to each of these components of working memory. In the present study, we used transient optogenetic disruptions of rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during a serial spatial reversal learning (SSRL) task to test its role in these specific working memory processes. By analyzing numerous performance metrics, we found: (1) mPFC disruption impaired performance during only the choice epoch of initial discrimination learning of the SSRL task; (2) mPFC disruption impaired performance in dissociable ways across all task epochs (delay, choice, return) during flexible decision-making; (3) mPFC disruption resulted in a reduction of the typical vicarious-trial-and-error rate modulation that was related to changes in task demands. Taken together, these findings suggest that the mPFC plays an outsized role in working memory retrieval, becomes involved in encoding and maintenance when recent memories conflict with task demands, and enables animals to flexibly utilize working memory to update behavior as environments change.

38095153

Clinical Analysis of Immune-Related Adverse Events in 78 Patients with Advanced Metastatic Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

To analyze the clinical features and possible risk factors of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with advanced metastatic lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The clinical data of 78 patients with advanced metastatic lung cancer who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the Respiratory Department of Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the immune-related adverse events and possible risk factors were summarized.Among the 78 patients, 20 patients developed irAEs, including 17 patients with PD-1 inhibitors and 3 patients with PD-L1 inhibitors. Most irAEs for level 1 or 2, characterized by skin toxicity and endocrine toxicity, while most of the cardiotoxicity was grade 3. Median onset time of irAEs was 6.0 weeks (0.9-24.3 weeks). The overall safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors is acceptable. Immune-related adverse events should be diagnosed and treated early. The mortality risk of severe irAEs is high, and clinical attention should be paid to it.The risk of death of severe irAEs is high, and should be paid more attention to clinically. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

38095154

Fabrication of Iron-Containing Biochar by One-Step Ball Milling for Cr(VI) and Tetracycline Removal from Wastewater.

Simple ball milling technology can simultaneously improve the adsorption performance of adsorbents for heavy metals and organic pollutants and has attracted increasing attention. Iron-modified biochar (Fe@MBC) was prepared by one-step ball milling, and the characterization results proved that FeCl₃ was successfully loaded on biochar. The removal rates of Cr(VI) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) by Fe@MBC were increased by 88.27% and 82.64% compared with BC. The average pore size, oxygen-containing functional groups and graphitization degree of Fe@MBC are higher than those of BC, which is more conducive to promoting adsorption. The adsorption isotherms show that the adsorption of Cr(VI) and TC on the Fe@MBC surface conforms to the Langmuir type of single-layer adsorption and the Freundlich model of multilayer adsorption, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of Cr(VI) and TC are 25.46 and 66.91 mg&#183;g^-1, respectively. Kinetic experiments show that the adsorption process is more consistent with the pseudo-second-order model of chemical adsorption. The adsorption process of Cr(VI) and TC on the Fe@MBC surface is a spontaneous endothermic process that becomes more obvious as the temperature increases. The increase in solution pH has a significant impact on the removal rate of Fe@MBC. When the pH value increased from 3 to 11, the adsorption rates decreased by 53.74% and 17.16%, respectively. The presence of PO₄^3-, CO₃^2-, K⁺, and Cu²⁺ significantly affects the adsorption of TC by Fe@MBC, and PO₄^3- and CO₃^2- also affect the adsorption of Cr(VI). Mechanistic studies show that ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, pore filling, and hydrogen bonding contribute to the removal of Cr(VI) and TC by Fe@MBC. The removal mechanism of Cr(VI) also involves complexation and redox reactions, and the removal mechanism of TC involves &#960;-&#960; bonds and van der Waals forces. The results show that Fe@MBC is a green and efficient adsorbent.

38095155

Breed predispositions to congenital and juvenile cataracts in horses at two academic institutions.

Determination of horse breeds predisposed to congenital and juvenile cataracts will enable investigations into potential genetic mechanisms for cataracts in horses.

38095156

Validation of no-biopsy pathway for the diagnosis of celiac disease in Asian adults: a multicenter retrospective study.

While European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition advocates a no-biopsy pathway for the diagnosis of celiac disease (CeD) in children if IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG ab) titer is ≥10-fold upper limit of normal (ULN) and have a positive IgA anti-endomysial antibody (EMA); the data for anti-tTG Ab titer-based diagnosis of CeD in adults is still emerging. We planned to validate if IgA anti-tTG Ab titer ≥10-fold predicts villous abnormalities of modified Marsh grade ≥2 in Asian adult patients with CeD.

38095157

There is no copy and paste, but there is resonation and inhabitation: Integrating a contemporary player development framework in football from a complexity sciences perspective.

Socio-cultural constraints shape behaviour in complexifying ways. In sport, for example, interconnected constraints play an important role in shaping the way a game is played, coached, and spectated. Here, we contend that player development frameworks in sport cannot be operationalised without careful consideration of the complex ecosystem in which they reside. Concurrently, we highlight issues associated with frameworks designed in isolation from the contexts in which they are introduced for integration, guised as trying to "copy and paste" templates from country to country. As such, there is a need to understand the oft-shrouded socio-cultural dynamics that continuously influence practice in order to maximize the utility of player development frameworks in sport. Ecological dynamics offers a complexity-oriented theoretical lens that supports the evolution of context-dependent player development frameworks. Further, tenets of the Learning in Development Research Framework can show how affordances are not just material invitations but constitute a vital component of a broader socio-cultural form of life. These ideas have the potential to: (1) push against a desire to "copy and paste" what is perceived to be "successful" elsewhere, and (2), guide the integration of player development frameworks by learning to resonate with the nuanced complexities of the broader environment inhabited.

38095158

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nano-Activators Facilitating Microwave Combined Therapy via a Divide-and-Conquer Tactic for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Aiming at the clinical problems of high recurrence and metastasis rate of triple-negative breast cancer, a divide-and-conquer tactic is developed. The designed nanoactivators enhance microwave thermo-dynamic-chemotherapy to efficiently kill primary tumors, simultaneously ameliorate the immunosuppressive microenvironment, activate the tumor infiltration of T lymphocytes, and enhance the accumulation and penetration of PD-1/PD-L1 immune agents, ultimately boosting the efficacy of immune checkpoint blocking therapy to achieve efficient inhibition of distal tumors and metastases. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based MPPT nano-activator is synthesized by packaging chemotherapeutic drug Pyrotinib and immunosuppressant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 2 into MnCa-MOF and then coupling target molecule triphenylphosphine, which significantly improved the accumulation and penetration of Pyrotinib and immunosuppressant in tumors. In addition to the combined treatment of microwave thermo-dynamic-chemotherapy under microwave irradiation, Mn²⁺ in the nano-activator comprehensively promotes the cGAS-STING pathway to activate innate immunity, microwave therapy, and hypoxia relief are combined to ameliorate the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. The released Pyrotinib down-regulates epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream pathways PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways to maximize the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blocking, which helps to enhance the antitumor efficacy and promote long-term memory immunity. This nano-activator offers a generally promising paradigm for existing clinical triple-negative breast cancer treatment through a divide-and-conquer strategy.

38095160

Liver enzyme alteration in response to dengue virus.

Infectious diseases are extremely important in the global health landscape, specifically dengue and its severe forms. Clinical characterization is very variable due to the wide spectrum of manifestations the virus induces. Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted to humans by mosquitos of the Aedes family. Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne disease and if symptoms occur, could appear suddenly, characterized by biphasic fever, headache, retroocular pain, pain in various parts of the body, prostration and rash. It has also been described that the Dengue virus can also cause liver dysfunction that could vary from mild injury to severe hepatocyte injury, commonly in tropical and subtropical climates. We report the case of a 24-year-old female who came to the emergency room due to fever and myalgia, in the context of a recent trip to Cuba. Physical examination included positive tourniquet test and laboratory findings showed anaemia and thrombocytopenia, as well as elevated transaminase levels. Serologic tests for dengue virus are requested and a positive result of specific antibodies-IgM classified the patient as presumptive being necessary to confirm authorities the outbreak and explain the patient it requires a close monitoring. Abdominal ultrasound showed mild splenomegaly. Because of progressive analytical normalization, the patient asked for outpatient care.

38095161

The Heterogenous Nature of Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders: Implications for Characterizing Substance-Related Stigma.

38095162

Stigma Related to Substance Use and Addiction: The Long Journey Ahead-Commentary on Krendl and Perry (2023).

38095159

Genomic Characterization of the Mycoparasite <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. Strain cr013 from <i>Cronartium ribicola</i>.

The <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. strain cr013 is a mycoparasite of <i>Cronartium ribicola</i>, a potential biocontrol fungus for Armand pine (<i>Pinus armandii</i>) blister rust. A previous study showed that the strain cr013 has great potential to produce new compounds. However, there has been no report of the whole-genome sequence of the mycoparasite <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. In this study, the BGISEQ-500 and Oxford Nanopore GridION X5 sequencing platforms were used to sequence the strain cr013 isolates and assemble the reads to obtain the complete genome. We first report the whole-genome information of the mycoparasite <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. strain cr013 (GenBank accession number: JACFXT010000000, BioProject ID: PRJNA647543, BioSample ID: SAMN15589943), and the genomic components and gene functions related to the mycoparasitism process were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the lifestyle strategy of the mycoparasite <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> sp. and reveals the mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite diversity in the strain cr013.

38095164

Mechanism-Guided Design of Photocatalysts for CO₂ Reduction toward Multicarbon Products.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to high value-added multicarbon (C₂₊) products is an important way to achieve sustainable production of green energy but limited by the low efficiency of catalysts. One fundamental issue lies in the high complexity of catalyst structure and reaction process, making the rational catalyst design and targeted performance optimization a grand challenge. Herein, we performed a mechanism-guided design of photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction by using the experimentally reported Cu doped TiO₂ (Cu-TiO₂) with high C₃H₈ selectivity and well-defined structure as the prototype. Our mechanistic study highlights three key factors for C₃H₈ formation, i.e., formation of double O vacancies (V_di-O) for selectivity, C-C coupling for activity, and V_di-O recovery for durability. More importantly, V_di-O formation/recovery and C-C coupling are negatively correlated, indicating that ideal candidates should achieve a balance between oxygen vacancy (V_O) formation and C-C coupling. On this basis, TiO₂ with the doping of two adjacent Cu atoms (Cu-Cu-TiO₂) was designed with enhanced performance for CO₂ photoreduction toward C₃H₈. Furthermore, a simple descriptor (<i>N</i>_&#956;, "effective d electron number") based on inherent atomic properties was constructed to uncover the underlying causes of the performance variation of different systems. These results provide new insights into the "structure-performance" relation of metal oxide-based photocatalysts, thus offering useful strategies for the rational design of excellent catalysts for CO₂ photoreduction.

38095165

Inhibition of miR-29a-3p Alleviates Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells via Upregulation of CAND1.

Accumulated evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of senile cataracts. Here we investigate the effect of miR-29a-3p in cataractogenesis and determined the potential molecular mechanism involved.

38095166

"You kind of blame it on the alcohol, but. . .": A discourse analysis of alcohol use and sexual consent among young men in Vancouver, Canada.

There is growing awareness about issues of sexual consent, especially in autonomy-compromising or "non-ideal" contexts, including sex involving alcohol. Understanding the conditions needed for consensual sex to occur in this emergent milieu is critically important, especially for young men (ages 18-30&#8201;years) who normatively combine drinking alcohol with sex and are most often perpetrators of sexual violence. This study offers a discourse analysis of young men's alcohol use and sexual consent. Data are drawn from qualitative interviews with 76 young men (including gay, bisexual, queer, and straight men) in Vancouver, Canada, from 2018 to 2021. Informed by Kukla's non-ideal theory of sexual consent and critical and inclusive masculinities, this analysis identified three discursive frames: <i>careful connections, watering it down</i>, and <i>blurred lines</i>. In <i>careful connections</i> young men discussed their efforts to actively promote sexual and decisional autonomy for themselves and their sexual partners when drinking. Yet, in <i>watering it down</i> young men invoked discourses of disinhibition, deflection, and denial to normalize alcohol use as being somewhat excusatory for sexual violence, downplaying the role and responsibility of men. Lastly, men operationalized <i>blurred lines</i> through a continuum of consent and of "meeting (masculine) expectations" when discussing sexual violence and victimization while intoxicated. Together, these discursive frames provide insights into the gendered nature of sexual violence and the extent to which idealized notions of sexual consent play out in the everyday lives of young men who use alcohol with sex. Findings hold philosophical and pragmatic implications for contemporary efforts to scaffold sexual consent.

38095167

1796 - <i>An Introduction to Botany</i>: The critical role of women in eighteenth-century science popularisation and the early promotion of science for young girls in Britain.

38095168

GLP-1 response during pregnancy: variations between trimesters and associations with appetite sensations and usual energy intake.

Further research is required to understand hormonal regulation of food intake during pregnancy and its association with energy intake. The objectives are to (<i>i</i>) compare postprandial responses of plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) between trimesters, (<i>ii</i>) compare postprandial appetite sensations between trimesters, and (<i>iii</i>) examine trimester-specific associations between GLP-1 levels, appetite sensations, and usual energy intake. At each trimester, participants (<i>n</i>&#160;=&#160;26) consumed a standard test meal following a 12 h fast. Plasma GLP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method at fasting and at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min postprandial. A visual analogue scale assessing appetite sensations was completed at fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min postprandial. Mean energy intake was assessed using three web-based 24 h dietary recalls at each trimester. Lower postprandial GLP-1 responses were observed in the 2nd (<i>p</i>&#160;=&#160;0.004) and 3rd trimesters (<i>p</i>&#160;&lt;&#160;0.001) compared to the 1st trimester. Greater postprandial sensations of desire to eat, hunger, and prospective food consumption were noted in the 3rd trimester compared to the 1st trimester (<i>p</i>&#160;&lt;&#160;0.04, for all). Fasting GLP-1 was negatively associated with fasting appetite sensations (except fullness) at the 2nd trimester (<i>p</i>&#160;&lt;&#160;0.02, for all). Postprandially, significant associations were observed for incremental areas under the curve from 0 to 30 min between GLP-1 and fullness at the 2nd (<i>p</i>&#160;=&#160;0.01) and 3rd trimesters (<i>p</i>&#160;=&#160;0.03). No associations between fasting or postprandial GLP-1 and usual energy intake were observed. Overall, GLP-1 and appetite sensation responses significantly differ between trimesters, but few associations were observed between GLP-1, appetite sensations, and usual energy intake.

38095169

Segmental myocardial viability by echocardiography at rest.

Myocardial viability assessment adds value to the therapeutic decision-making of patients with ischemic heart disease. In this feasibility study, we investigated whether established echocardiographic measurements of post-systolic shortening (PSS), strain, strain rate and wall motion score (WMS) can discover viable myocardial segments. Our hypothesis is that non-viable myocardial segments are both akinetic and without PSS.