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I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

If you want a line-following robot, then something similar to an [m3pi](http://mbed.org/cookbook/m3pi) would be achievable. Photo-transistors seem to be very effective with a black-on-white track. As for a microcontroller, Mario Markarian is probably right, it is down to personal preference and the project you are working on. The m3pi uses an [mbed](http://mbed.org/handbook/mbed-Microcontrollers) and has a lot of IO's to play with. For more advanced robots a raspberry pi or [beagleboard](http://mbed.org/handbook/mbed-Microcontrollers) work, interfaced with slave microcontroller(s) to provide sensor data and offloading any repetitive computations that could otherwise slow down the pi.

If you want to go further than using microcontrollers you could run ROS on you [Raspberry Pi](http://www.ros.org/wiki/ROSberryPi/Setting%20up%20ROS%20on%20RaspberryPi). I have build several robots and a couple of other projects using a [RoboCard](http://robocard.dk/) (site in Danish, but can [be translated](http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://robocard.dk/pages/home.php&sl=da&tl=en)). The RoboCard is build around an ATMega, so that certainly is a viable route.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

The Arduino is really an AVR Atmega328p. The Arduino is a fine off-the-shelf implementation of this microcontroller, but if you make many of them, you can buy the chip for less than $3 each in bulk, and it requires very little circuitry to run on its own -- a crystal and a couple of capacitors to run at 20 Mhz, or not even that if you can run at the built-in 8 MHz resonant oscillator frequency. It's fine for generating control signals: Servo PWM, step/direction, control for H-bridges, etc.) It's also OK for running sensors: Ultrasonic time measurement, IR voltage conversion measurement, on/off contactors, etc -- this includes whatever optical sensor you'd use for "line sensing." There will be a little code space left over after doing these tasks, so the simple control loop of "is the line to the right, left, or center of me -> do the appropriate turn" can be built into that system. However, as soon as you want to do something bigger, like path planning, environmental awareness, memory, SLAM, etc, you will not be able to fit that into the Arduino. Thus, the best system for your requirements probably includes tying all the physical hardware to the Arduino, and then talking to the Arduino from the Raspberry Pi. The RPi has a modicum of CPU power (700 MHz ARM) and RAM (256-512 MB RAM) and thus can run higher-level control algorithms like path planning, localization, SLAM, etc. If you go with a bare AVR controller, there are UART outputs on the Raspberry Pi, but the problem is that the RPi is 3.3V and the Arduino Uno is 5V. Either go with a 3.3V Arduino version, or use a voltage divider to step down 5.0V output from the Arduino to the 3.3V input of the Raspberry Pi. I use a 2.2 kOhm high and 3.3 kOhm low resistor and it works fine. You can feed the 3V output from the Raspberry Pi directly into the RXD of the AVR, because it will treat anything at 1.2V or up as "high."

You should use an ARM. Then you can run full linux or android and have access to powerful libraries, high-level functional languages, and a package manager and community. You can use gcc or LLVM, and a modern debugger like gdb. ARMs used to be too expensive and/or too big, but nowadays you can get an ARM for $5 that's only 13x13 mm. You have to use reflow soldering, but you will anyways if you want to make a professional-quality robot. <http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-reviews/processors/4230227/TI-debuts--5-Sitara-AM335x-ARM-processors> All other instructions sets have lost the competition. If you pick something like AVR, you will be forever stuck with inferior toolchains, weaker MIPS/dollar, and a much smaller community. If you don't want to engineer the whole motherboard, then Gumstix, BeagleBone, BeagleBoard, and Raspberry Pi are all excellent pre-existing ARM-based devkits, and processor vendors also offer a devkit for every processor they make, bringing out at least a display bus and some serial busses.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

The Arduino is really an AVR Atmega328p. The Arduino is a fine off-the-shelf implementation of this microcontroller, but if you make many of them, you can buy the chip for less than $3 each in bulk, and it requires very little circuitry to run on its own -- a crystal and a couple of capacitors to run at 20 Mhz, or not even that if you can run at the built-in 8 MHz resonant oscillator frequency. It's fine for generating control signals: Servo PWM, step/direction, control for H-bridges, etc.) It's also OK for running sensors: Ultrasonic time measurement, IR voltage conversion measurement, on/off contactors, etc -- this includes whatever optical sensor you'd use for "line sensing." There will be a little code space left over after doing these tasks, so the simple control loop of "is the line to the right, left, or center of me -> do the appropriate turn" can be built into that system. However, as soon as you want to do something bigger, like path planning, environmental awareness, memory, SLAM, etc, you will not be able to fit that into the Arduino. Thus, the best system for your requirements probably includes tying all the physical hardware to the Arduino, and then talking to the Arduino from the Raspberry Pi. The RPi has a modicum of CPU power (700 MHz ARM) and RAM (256-512 MB RAM) and thus can run higher-level control algorithms like path planning, localization, SLAM, etc. If you go with a bare AVR controller, there are UART outputs on the Raspberry Pi, but the problem is that the RPi is 3.3V and the Arduino Uno is 5V. Either go with a 3.3V Arduino version, or use a voltage divider to step down 5.0V output from the Arduino to the 3.3V input of the Raspberry Pi. I use a 2.2 kOhm high and 3.3 kOhm low resistor and it works fine. You can feed the 3V output from the Raspberry Pi directly into the RXD of the AVR, because it will treat anything at 1.2V or up as "high."

I would suggest using lower end Atmel AVRs for beginning robotics projects. An AVR can take a lot of abuse and can sink and source more current without burning out than the PIC microcontrollers I have used. If you are going to be building multiple projects, you should consider investing in building your own breakout boards. You can design your own PCB with standard power circuitry, a bunch of headers for I/O and whatever microcontroller you choose. You can get your cost down to around $15 per board for the PCB and then a couple bucks worth of components. This way, you can leave your project intact, instead of having to harvest out the microcontroller for your next project. As a bonus, you will gain valuable experience in PCB design and soldering.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

It really depends on the project. For a line follower robot ( in your case ), using the Atmel's AVR series is the best choice. Specially ATMEGA16 or even ATMEGA32. Because the line-follower is a small project and the Arduino is too much for it. And the other advantage of Atmega16 is that it is cheap. If it is broken or faulty then you can change it easily. and it also provides PWM for controlling the speed of motors. So with atmega series you can build the most powerful line-follower . No need to spend money on getting prebuilt boards and ...

If you want to go further than using microcontrollers you could run ROS on you [Raspberry Pi](http://www.ros.org/wiki/ROSberryPi/Setting%20up%20ROS%20on%20RaspberryPi). I have build several robots and a couple of other projects using a [RoboCard](http://robocard.dk/) (site in Danish, but can [be translated](http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://robocard.dk/pages/home.php&sl=da&tl=en)). The RoboCard is build around an ATMega, so that certainly is a viable route.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

You should use an ARM. Then you can run full linux or android and have access to powerful libraries, high-level functional languages, and a package manager and community. You can use gcc or LLVM, and a modern debugger like gdb. ARMs used to be too expensive and/or too big, but nowadays you can get an ARM for $5 that's only 13x13 mm. You have to use reflow soldering, but you will anyways if you want to make a professional-quality robot. <http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-products/electronic-product-reviews/processors/4230227/TI-debuts--5-Sitara-AM335x-ARM-processors> All other instructions sets have lost the competition. If you pick something like AVR, you will be forever stuck with inferior toolchains, weaker MIPS/dollar, and a much smaller community. If you don't want to engineer the whole motherboard, then Gumstix, BeagleBone, BeagleBoard, and Raspberry Pi are all excellent pre-existing ARM-based devkits, and processor vendors also offer a devkit for every processor they make, bringing out at least a display bus and some serial busses.

If you want to go further than using microcontrollers you could run ROS on you [Raspberry Pi](http://www.ros.org/wiki/ROSberryPi/Setting%20up%20ROS%20on%20RaspberryPi). I have build several robots and a couple of other projects using a [RoboCard](http://robocard.dk/) (site in Danish, but can [be translated](http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://robocard.dk/pages/home.php&sl=da&tl=en)). The RoboCard is build around an ATMega, so that certainly is a viable route.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

The Arduino is really an AVR Atmega328p. The Arduino is a fine off-the-shelf implementation of this microcontroller, but if you make many of them, you can buy the chip for less than $3 each in bulk, and it requires very little circuitry to run on its own -- a crystal and a couple of capacitors to run at 20 Mhz, or not even that if you can run at the built-in 8 MHz resonant oscillator frequency. It's fine for generating control signals: Servo PWM, step/direction, control for H-bridges, etc.) It's also OK for running sensors: Ultrasonic time measurement, IR voltage conversion measurement, on/off contactors, etc -- this includes whatever optical sensor you'd use for "line sensing." There will be a little code space left over after doing these tasks, so the simple control loop of "is the line to the right, left, or center of me -> do the appropriate turn" can be built into that system. However, as soon as you want to do something bigger, like path planning, environmental awareness, memory, SLAM, etc, you will not be able to fit that into the Arduino. Thus, the best system for your requirements probably includes tying all the physical hardware to the Arduino, and then talking to the Arduino from the Raspberry Pi. The RPi has a modicum of CPU power (700 MHz ARM) and RAM (256-512 MB RAM) and thus can run higher-level control algorithms like path planning, localization, SLAM, etc. If you go with a bare AVR controller, there are UART outputs on the Raspberry Pi, but the problem is that the RPi is 3.3V and the Arduino Uno is 5V. Either go with a 3.3V Arduino version, or use a voltage divider to step down 5.0V output from the Arduino to the 3.3V input of the Raspberry Pi. I use a 2.2 kOhm high and 3.3 kOhm low resistor and it works fine. You can feed the 3V output from the Raspberry Pi directly into the RXD of the AVR, because it will treat anything at 1.2V or up as "high."

It really depends on the project. For a line follower robot ( in your case ), using the Atmel's AVR series is the best choice. Specially ATMEGA16 or even ATMEGA32. Because the line-follower is a small project and the Arduino is too much for it. And the other advantage of Atmega16 is that it is cheap. If it is broken or faulty then you can change it easily. and it also provides PWM for controlling the speed of motors. So with atmega series you can build the most powerful line-follower . No need to spend money on getting prebuilt boards and ...

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

The Arduino is really an AVR Atmega328p. The Arduino is a fine off-the-shelf implementation of this microcontroller, but if you make many of them, you can buy the chip for less than $3 each in bulk, and it requires very little circuitry to run on its own -- a crystal and a couple of capacitors to run at 20 Mhz, or not even that if you can run at the built-in 8 MHz resonant oscillator frequency. It's fine for generating control signals: Servo PWM, step/direction, control for H-bridges, etc.) It's also OK for running sensors: Ultrasonic time measurement, IR voltage conversion measurement, on/off contactors, etc -- this includes whatever optical sensor you'd use for "line sensing." There will be a little code space left over after doing these tasks, so the simple control loop of "is the line to the right, left, or center of me -> do the appropriate turn" can be built into that system. However, as soon as you want to do something bigger, like path planning, environmental awareness, memory, SLAM, etc, you will not be able to fit that into the Arduino. Thus, the best system for your requirements probably includes tying all the physical hardware to the Arduino, and then talking to the Arduino from the Raspberry Pi. The RPi has a modicum of CPU power (700 MHz ARM) and RAM (256-512 MB RAM) and thus can run higher-level control algorithms like path planning, localization, SLAM, etc. If you go with a bare AVR controller, there are UART outputs on the Raspberry Pi, but the problem is that the RPi is 3.3V and the Arduino Uno is 5V. Either go with a 3.3V Arduino version, or use a voltage divider to step down 5.0V output from the Arduino to the 3.3V input of the Raspberry Pi. I use a 2.2 kOhm high and 3.3 kOhm low resistor and it works fine. You can feed the 3V output from the Raspberry Pi directly into the RXD of the AVR, because it will treat anything at 1.2V or up as "high."

If you want a line-following robot, then something similar to an [m3pi](http://mbed.org/cookbook/m3pi) would be achievable. Photo-transistors seem to be very effective with a black-on-white track. As for a microcontroller, Mario Markarian is probably right, it is down to personal preference and the project you are working on. The m3pi uses an [mbed](http://mbed.org/handbook/mbed-Microcontrollers) and has a lot of IO's to play with. For more advanced robots a raspberry pi or [beagleboard](http://mbed.org/handbook/mbed-Microcontrollers) work, interfaced with slave microcontroller(s) to provide sensor data and offloading any repetitive computations that could otherwise slow down the pi.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

I would suggest using lower end Atmel AVRs for beginning robotics projects. An AVR can take a lot of abuse and can sink and source more current without burning out than the PIC microcontrollers I have used. If you are going to be building multiple projects, you should consider investing in building your own breakout boards. You can design your own PCB with standard power circuitry, a bunch of headers for I/O and whatever microcontroller you choose. You can get your cost down to around $15 per board for the PCB and then a couple bucks worth of components. This way, you can leave your project intact, instead of having to harvest out the microcontroller for your next project. As a bonus, you will gain valuable experience in PCB design and soldering.

If you want to go further than using microcontrollers you could run ROS on you [Raspberry Pi](http://www.ros.org/wiki/ROSberryPi/Setting%20up%20ROS%20on%20RaspberryPi). I have build several robots and a couple of other projects using a [RoboCard](http://robocard.dk/) (site in Danish, but can [be translated](http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://robocard.dk/pages/home.php&sl=da&tl=en)). The RoboCard is build around an ATMega, so that certainly is a viable route.

I am looking for a starting point for my project, preferably using popular systems (ones there is a lot of support for). I have an Arduino Uno, a Raspberry Pi, and a lot of willpower :) Anyone here built a project using the systems above? Observation: I'd like to start with a simple line-following vehicle and build up afterwards.

2012/10/23

I built a line following robot with an Arduino before. It was really simple to do and all we used were color sensors on the bottom inputted in the Arduino, and then of course some motors for the wheels. But using an Arduino allowed us to have plenty of room for other components we wanted to add on to make our robot do more things. Also, if you want to see some line following code we used just ask in a comment, but it obviously depends on your setup with the sensors and how you want it to turn at intersections and things like that.

If you want to go further than using microcontrollers you could run ROS on you [Raspberry Pi](http://www.ros.org/wiki/ROSberryPi/Setting%20up%20ROS%20on%20RaspberryPi). I have build several robots and a couple of other projects using a [RoboCard](http://robocard.dk/) (site in Danish, but can [be translated](http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://robocard.dk/pages/home.php&sl=da&tl=en)). The RoboCard is build around an ATMega, so that certainly is a viable route.

I have an arduino Uno and nodemcu development board.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vsM3q.jpg) I have an OV7076 camera and used with arduino UNO. It worked flawlessly with it and the code used is provided in the [Instructables tutorial][2] named as FromComputerNerd.ino. Now i want to use it with Nodemcu. Whereas Nodemcu have a single Analog input but OV7076 uses two analog inputs [shown in][2]. So to get it I am trying to use Multiplexer. I can change the code so that it would adjust for analog pins. But will the code be compatible with Nodemcu. Since it was written for arduino uno.If not, What changes can be done to make it compatible? <http://www.instructables.com/id/OV7670-Without-FIFO-Very-Simple-Framecapture-With-/>

2017/07/10

Camera doesn't send data via Analog to Arduino. A5 and A4 are I2C bus beside Analog. NodeMCU has Software I2C protocol bus too, You can use D1 (GPIO 5) as CLK, and D2 (GPIO 4) as SDA. see : <https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/master/doc/libraries.rst#i2c-wire-library>

I am suggesting you to buy NodeMCU because it is having inbuilt WIFI, you can connect NodeMcu to internet without much effort compare to connecting UNO to internet, and the best thing is NodeMCU is arduino compatible you can do all possible stuff that can be done with UNO. We can also program NodeMCU in 'C' language using Arduino IDE directly **Hardware comparison** *NodeMCU* 1. 128KB RAM 2. 4MBytes ROM(flash) 3. micro USB port 4. Small Board Size *Arduino UNO* 1. 2kB RAM 2. 32 KB ROM 3. USB type B connector 4. Bigger in size than NodeMCU > > Both are having nearly same prices. > > >

I'd like to stay in the EU for some time, maybe get a residence permit if possible. The question is what are my healthcare options. As far as I know, citizens of EU countries can get public healthcare coverage. Can I get this by paying for it? Are there any alternatives for people with a residence permit yet without citizenship? Obviously, there's an option of travel insurance but I hope that for a longer stay there might be options with better or at least cheaper coverage.

2022/01/31

That's not exactly the way it works, health insurance is typically based on residence or (mandatory) contributions. I have varying level of familiarity with the healthcare system in half-a-dozen EU countries and I do not know a single one that would offer free coverage to citizens *qua* citizens. In some cases, living and working in a country would in fact provide you with (statutory) health insurance coverage. In others, having independent health insurance coverage is a requirement to get a residence permit in the first place. Citizenship, however seldom makes a huge difference (save for the fact you can always come back even in situation where you wouldn't qualify for a residence permit).

Yes - you can get on local health insurance in some countries in the EU. It is managed on a country-by-country basis. I know Switzerland, for one, would require foreign nationals who get residency to purchase a local health insurance plan (<https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/versicherungen/krankenversicherung.html>). I believe Portugal and Spain are the same. So it might be worth picking a few countries and researching if they allow foreign nationals residing in those countries to move onto their local national plans.

When I am pedaling hard and shift to a larger sprocket, the shift is not smooth or sometimes doesn't happen at all. Sometimes even double up-shifts don't work. There is no problem shifting when I test for it without riding. What could be the issue?

2013/02/18

On ground, after shifting, look at your bike from the back. The sprocket into which you have attempted to shift, and the pulley in the derailleur should be aligned. If the pulley is more to the right than sprocket, you need to get it aligned to the sprocket, by tightening in the screw on shifter or on the rear derailleur. As you tighten the screw, you should see pulley moving horizontally. If that does not help, other problem might be that your chain hanger is bent, but that happens much less often, and typically after some crash or hard hit on the rear derailleur. If that is the case, taking your bike to LBS sounds like a good idea.

That is perfectly normal because when you are pedaling hard the chain is under tension and resists being moved by the derailleur. Before shifting to a higher gear slow your pedaling slightly.

When I am pedaling hard and shift to a larger sprocket, the shift is not smooth or sometimes doesn't happen at all. Sometimes even double up-shifts don't work. There is no problem shifting when I test for it without riding. What could be the issue?

2013/02/18

After a lot of tinkering and research I found the derailleur was in the need of [indexing adjustment](http://sheldonbrown.com/derailer-adjustment.html). Just twisted the barrel adjuster anticlockwise a little and the gears are shifting promptly now. The above link advises that indexing adjustment is the most frequently required adjustment for rear derailleur.

That is perfectly normal because when you are pedaling hard the chain is under tension and resists being moved by the derailleur. Before shifting to a higher gear slow your pedaling slightly.

> > It is now clear that no such creatures as vampires have been seen and none \_\_\_ in the world. > > > A. was found > > > B. have been found > > > I chose B, but the answer is A. I don't see the necessity to use the past tense here. Besides, allowing for that "have been seen" is already mentioned, I think it should follow some kind of rules of consistency.

2022/06/06

"Creatures" is plural, so "was" cannot be used in the sentence. Therefore the answer is B. It means that no creatures such as vampires were found from the past all the way to the present.

There are two issues here: tense and number. The preceding clause ("that no such creatures as vampires have been seen") is in the present perfect tense, and, as Kate Bunting notes in a comment, there does not seem to be any reason to use a different tense for the current clause. Therefore, answer choice B seems better. The subject of the current clause ("[[that]] none \_\_\_ in the world") is the pronoun "none". Some people argue that "none" (being etymologically related to "one") can only be singular. In that case, only answer choice A could be correct. However, it is common for "none" to be either singular or plural. In that case, because its antecedent is "vampires" (or perhaps "such creatures as vampires"), it would be better construed as plural, so B would be better. I'd recommend B. Whoever created the answers might be one of those people who insist that "none" must be singular.

For some months, I'm renting an apartment in the Canary Islands. It looks like the plugs are not grounded. For example, when I connect my laptop, a ThinkPad T420si, then I feel an unpleasant sensation on my bare legs when connected to mains ([220V/50Hz](http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nder%C3%BCbersicht_Steckertypen,_Netzspannungen_und_-frequenzen#L.C3.A4nderliste)). A similar sensation I get when touching certain parts, incl. plastic parts (!), of my smartphone when connected to the laptop. *Contrary to what I wrote before:* When connected to the USB charger, I do *not* get that sensation when touching the smartphone. My guess is that the outlets are not properly grounded. While I assume there is no risk for my health, I am a bit worried about my electronic devices. Also, I may want to do some electronics soldering, and I don't like the idea of the soldering iron's tip possibly being on a different potential than ground. *What options do I have to remedy the problem? An isolating transformer?* Update as of 2014-10-15 WEST ============================ After removing the Schuko ([fype F](http://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/typeF.htm)) multiplier, and upon close inspection of the outlet, I realized that the center hole is *not* a screw hole. It is ground, i.e. this outlet is of [type L](http://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/typeL.htm). So I bought an adapter, and yesterday the problem was gone:  Facepalm! But wait, today the problem is back, and in the entire apartment! For the first time, I felt a potential when touching the washing machine in the bathroom, and this one is connected with a Schuko plug to a Schuko outlet:  Something is wrong here. Probably unrelated: Some days ago there was a power outage, I think affecting several houses, i.e. not just the one I'm living in.

2014/10/12

This is not about grounding, or perhaps it is... Lets start with your connectors: Do you have AC-connectors at your devices with or without grounding pin? Laptop psu may have a protective earth connection, a phone charger won't have one. I've never seen a phone charger with protective earth connection. Both PSUs are doubly insulated, I'm pretty sure, which means primary side is galvanically separated from secondary side, which includes everything which can be touched with bare hands. How does this sensation of 50 Hz AC come over to touchable parts? There's something calle Y-Capacitor between primary and secondary side in these PSUs. It is used to provides a stable potential for the regulating circuitry of the PSU, i.e. it prevents the secondary side from "floating". It can be described by two small capacitors in series between neutral lead and live lead on primary side with the middle node connected to the ground of the secondary side. Hence, on a 230V system, the secondary side gets a level of 115 V AC. The capacitor is designed to permit a maximum current of 0,35 mA to flow, if shorted to ground. This is a current you can sense, but which cannot harm you or your equipment. If something with earthing in your mansion was wrong, it would not change this effect in my opinion. In the rare case, your PSUs really have a protective earth connector you should not be able to sense that voltage as it was conducted away. In this rare case you should get an electrician soon, because if you touch your oven or washing machine there is no such limiting capacitor to protect you in case of an failure. I have a different theory why you feel somthing you do not know at home. On canary islands it is rather warm and carpets are rare while most homes have tiled floor. If you live somewhere cold the rest of the year you probably have carpets or wooden floor which reduce capacitive coupling by orders of magnitude. You just may not feel the phenomenon while it is there, too. Update ------ Relating to your updates: **Now you do have a problem.** When you feel a tickling sensation when touching devices like a washing machine there is one possible conclusion: the potential of protective earth connected with the housing of your devices differs from the potential of your house. Which can mean different things. * You have only 2-wire conduits in your house. The neutral and protective earth in your wall outlets are connected to one common wire (usually blue in EU). Some connections in your house have too high ohmic resistance. When under heavy load, voltage on N **and** PE rises, hence you can feel the influenced voltage. * Protective Earth is somewhere broken, effectively. This is **really** bad, as all Class 1 equipment relies on working PE and a short to housing, which especially water bearing devices are prone to, will put the full voltage to touchable parts of the defective devices. * And if PE is interrupted at the equipotential bus bar it gets even worse. Not only a faulty potential from one defective device will propagate through your complete building and be present on every Schuko (PE contact), but will also be induced by assymetric load in the 3-phase-network between the next transformer station and your house. Which means, even if all devices in your house are depowered properly, PE-conductors may conduct harmful voltages. For the last two options, your life is at risk. You should get an electrician to prove me wrong. The first possibility can be verified by opening a wall outlet (of course after opening the circuit breaker, securing it against reconnecting, verifying all pins in the outlet are deenergised and so on). If there are two wires only and one of them connects to N and PE you have a “bootleg ground”, which renders even ground fault interruptors partially useless.

Steps to go through: 1. Turn off the power to an outlet that is causing you problems. (Fusebox/main switch) 2. Check the exterior of the outlet for presence of a metal grounding element/grounding pin/whatever you have over there. 3. Open the outlet, check to see if there's proper wiring: all three pins connected. 4. Close the outlet. If the answer in 3 was: yup, all's well, next: 1. Connect a multimeter to the ground of one outlet, connect the other side to another outlet somewhere else in a wall (not the same box, of course). 2. Set the multimeter to "resistance" or "continuity" (the setting that beeps) and verify that the resistance is very low. (very very). If the answer to that is: yup, low resistance: 1. Verify that the power to the outlet is still safely turned off. 2. Set the multimeter to voltage AC (high, at least 250VAC should be possible). 3. Connect one terminal to Groung, the other to one outlet power wire (phase or neutral) 4. Turn on the power to the outlet. 5. Check the multimeter without touching. Measurement One 6. Turn off the power to the outlet again 7. Get the terminal from the power carrying wire and put it in the other, leaving the other terminal connected to ground. 8. Turn on the power again. 9. Check the multimeter without touching. Measurement Two. 10. Turn off power. 11. Remove the multimeter from the outlet. 12. Turn on power. Now, if one measurement says "230VAC" or close to it and the other says "0VAC" or something very close (no more than 1 or 2VAC), it's very likely the power ground is properly connected. It's no guarantee, but without being there myself I'm not getting any immediate other inspiration to do further verification. If any of the earlier steps failed, obviously something is not right.

After around 15 minutes of playing Battlefield: Bad Company 2, my computer completely locks up with the game's image on screen and the last second of sound constantly looping. I have to hard restart the machine to get it to come back. I'm not sure if this issue is isolated to BF:BC2 but it's the only game I've been playing recently. I've tried leaving a Source Engine game running and it didn't crash for the hour it was open so I'm guessing it's just because BF:BC2 is a more intensive game on the system. Could this be a temperature issue? I've previously played BF:BC2 on the same computer during the summer (it's winter here now) without any issues so I'm guessing this is unlikely. Perhaps faulty RAM or another component? My specs are: * Intel Core 2 Duo E7200 * 4GB RAM * NVIDIA GeForce 9600 GT * Windows 7 Professional 64-bit These are my temperatures when in Windows - are they bad?  I can try and get a picture of them while I've got a game running if that would help.

2011/04/23

Your temps are mostly fine, maybe the CPU is a bit hot, if these are idle temperatures. Seems like it's the RAM or the CPU. GPU faults don't act up like that. So, you setup an isolated stress test for each suspect. **RAM:** Download memtest86+ and install it on a medium and boot your system with it. I'd suggest USB key: <http://www.memtest.org/#downiso> If it passes the tests, move on to CPU. If it doesn't, find and remove the faulty RAM stick and repeat the test. **CPU**: Download prime95 and run it, no need to reboot: <http://www.mersenne.org/> It might also be that your CPU is running too hot. In that case, open your case (warranty is lost, if any) and clean the dust off from the heat sink and the fans, if any. See if the temperatures drop. If not, the heat sink might have come loose, or has not enough contact to the CPU die. You might want to re-apply the heat conducting fluid.

Here's the way that I would recommend you troubleshoot this: 1. Unplug all USB devices, with the exception of keyboard and mouse. 2. Update the video driver. 3. Update Windows via Windows update. 4. If all of the above fail, remove all the extra hardware that you aren't using from the computer (i.e. extra sound cards, modems, etc..) Good luck.

After around 15 minutes of playing Battlefield: Bad Company 2, my computer completely locks up with the game's image on screen and the last second of sound constantly looping. I have to hard restart the machine to get it to come back. I'm not sure if this issue is isolated to BF:BC2 but it's the only game I've been playing recently. I've tried leaving a Source Engine game running and it didn't crash for the hour it was open so I'm guessing it's just because BF:BC2 is a more intensive game on the system. Could this be a temperature issue? I've previously played BF:BC2 on the same computer during the summer (it's winter here now) without any issues so I'm guessing this is unlikely. Perhaps faulty RAM or another component? My specs are: * Intel Core 2 Duo E7200 * 4GB RAM * NVIDIA GeForce 9600 GT * Windows 7 Professional 64-bit These are my temperatures when in Windows - are they bad?  I can try and get a picture of them while I've got a game running if that would help.

2011/04/23

Your temps are mostly fine, maybe the CPU is a bit hot, if these are idle temperatures. Seems like it's the RAM or the CPU. GPU faults don't act up like that. So, you setup an isolated stress test for each suspect. **RAM:** Download memtest86+ and install it on a medium and boot your system with it. I'd suggest USB key: <http://www.memtest.org/#downiso> If it passes the tests, move on to CPU. If it doesn't, find and remove the faulty RAM stick and repeat the test. **CPU**: Download prime95 and run it, no need to reboot: <http://www.mersenne.org/> It might also be that your CPU is running too hot. In that case, open your case (warranty is lost, if any) and clean the dust off from the heat sink and the fans, if any. See if the temperatures drop. If not, the heat sink might have come loose, or has not enough contact to the CPU die. You might want to re-apply the heat conducting fluid.

I had this issue and resolved it by disabling my motherboards onboard realetek sound and fitting a pci soundcard (Creative Labs). Hope this helps

In one of my projects my requirement is to insert/add more than 15000 records/entries at one og in a custom list. After searching some of the blogs i found some useful information about adding bulk entries in custom list.I tried to add by the batch files, i called processbatchdata method for bulk entries. Referred link : <http://www.arboundy.com/code/sharepoint/bulk-add-new-items-to-a-sharepoint-list-using-processbatchdata/> However i ended up with the performance issue,its taking more than 2 minutes for adding 5000 entries. Can anyone help me on this issue. Many Thanks.

2013/10/01

If you are complaining about 2 minutes being slow for 5k items, presumably this isn't a one time import - you may consider looking at [Business Connectivity Services](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff798319.aspx) to connect directly to your external data source.

Is this a frequent step or just a one time task? If it's frequent, I recommend NOT doing this in SharePoint! Sorry, I don't have a good answer. I would revisit the requirements and look at farming this high amount of data into another SQL database and use BCS to connect and manage the data. I strongly oppose high amounts of data in SP, especially if this is a frequent task... Check out BCS

Feel free to close and/or redirect if this has been asked, but here's my situation: I've got an application that will require doing a bunch of small units of work (polling a web service until something is done, then parsing about 1MB worth of XML and putting it in a database). I want to have a simple async queueing mechanism that'll poll for work to do in a queue, execute the units of work that need to be done, and have the flexibility to allow for spawning multiple worker processes so these units of work can be done in parallel. (Bonus if there's some kind of event framework that would also me to listen for when work is complete.) I'm sure there is stuff to do this. Am I describing Twisted? I poked through the documentation, I'm just not sure exactly how my problems maps onto their framework, but I haven't spent much time with it. Should I just look at the multiprocess libraries in Python? Something else?

2010/04/20

There's [celery](http://ask.github.com/celery/getting-started/introduction.html). You could break it down into 2 different `Tasks`: one to poll the web service and queue the second task, which would be in charge of parsing the XML and persisting it.

This problem sounds like a pretty good candidate for Python's built-in (2.6+ anyway) multiprocessing module: <http://docs.python.org/library/multiprocessing.html> A simple solution would be to create a process Pool and use your main program to poll for the XML chunks. Once it has them it can then pass them off to the pool for parsing/persisting.

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

I had this situation recently. It was so embarrassing when the saleslady told her co-workers about what I said. I asked her to give me one half kilo (1/2 kilo) of prawns and 3 pieces of fish. She ended up giving me one and one half kilo of prawns. When she asked for the payments and I asked the amount, i freaked out. I was not expecting that she actually gave me 1 1/2 kilo of prawns. I told her I asked for one half not one and one half kilo. She got angry and her co-workers started to laugh. They were all telling me I was wrong. They said it's half not one half. In my understanding, "one half" and "half" are both correct it depends on how you use it with other supporting words.

You don't need the 'one' in expressions like 'give me half a cookie'. Where you do need the 'one' is in when units of measurement are involved, like "please give me one half pound of sugar". You can use 'a' instead of 'one', but leaving out any determiner is wrong. Correct: > > Give me one half pound of sugar. > > Give me a half pound of sugar. > > Give me half a pound of sugar. > > > Wrong: > > \*Give me half pound of sugar. > > \*Give me one half a pound of sugar. > > ?Give me a half a pound of sugar. > > > (You do hear the last quite a bit in the U.S., although not in England; this came up in [another question](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/43294/a-half-a-cup-of-something) here.)

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

It is perfectly acceptable to say "give me half of that". In English, "half" in understood on its own to mean "[one of two equal parts of something](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half "Half - Definition, Merriam-Webster Dictionary\"")". To put it another way: * It would make no sense to say "give me no halves of that". You would just say "give me none of that". * It would make no sense to say "give me two halves of that". You would just say "give me all of that". Saying "give me one half of that" is redundant. It's equivalent to saying "give me one of one of those two equal parts of that."

You don't need the 'one' in expressions like 'give me half a cookie'. Where you do need the 'one' is in when units of measurement are involved, like "please give me one half pound of sugar". You can use 'a' instead of 'one', but leaving out any determiner is wrong. Correct: > > Give me one half pound of sugar. > > Give me a half pound of sugar. > > Give me half a pound of sugar. > > > Wrong: > > \*Give me half pound of sugar. > > \*Give me one half a pound of sugar. > > ?Give me a half a pound of sugar. > > > (You do hear the last quite a bit in the U.S., although not in England; this came up in [another question](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/43294/a-half-a-cup-of-something) here.)

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

*Comment posted as answer - as requested* In idiomatic usage, you would seldom say 'one half of this'. You might say 'give me one half-pound pack of sugar' but the hyphen shows that it is a different construct. You might say 'give me one third of that' (as opposed to 'two thirds of that'), but with halves, the alternatives are none and all. However, even with thirds, it would be more usual to say 'a third' than 'one third'. So, whoever 'corrected' you was actually misleading you.

If you are discussing arithmetic, it is always correct to stipulate a numerator and a denominator. "Give me half an apple" is fine, but "what is half plus a third?" is incorrect and should be "what is one-half plus one-third?"

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

It is perfectly acceptable to say "give me half of that". In English, "half" in understood on its own to mean "[one of two equal parts of something](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half "Half - Definition, Merriam-Webster Dictionary\"")". To put it another way: * It would make no sense to say "give me no halves of that". You would just say "give me none of that". * It would make no sense to say "give me two halves of that". You would just say "give me all of that". Saying "give me one half of that" is redundant. It's equivalent to saying "give me one of one of those two equal parts of that."

*Comment posted as answer - as requested* In idiomatic usage, you would seldom say 'one half of this'. You might say 'give me one half-pound pack of sugar' but the hyphen shows that it is a different construct. You might say 'give me one third of that' (as opposed to 'two thirds of that'), but with halves, the alternatives are none and all. However, even with thirds, it would be more usual to say 'a third' than 'one third'. So, whoever 'corrected' you was actually misleading you.

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

*Comment posted as answer - as requested* In idiomatic usage, you would seldom say 'one half of this'. You might say 'give me one half-pound pack of sugar' but the hyphen shows that it is a different construct. You might say 'give me one third of that' (as opposed to 'two thirds of that'), but with halves, the alternatives are none and all. However, even with thirds, it would be more usual to say 'a third' than 'one third'. So, whoever 'corrected' you was actually misleading you.

You don't need the 'one' in expressions like 'give me half a cookie'. Where you do need the 'one' is in when units of measurement are involved, like "please give me one half pound of sugar". You can use 'a' instead of 'one', but leaving out any determiner is wrong. Correct: > > Give me one half pound of sugar. > > Give me a half pound of sugar. > > Give me half a pound of sugar. > > > Wrong: > > \*Give me half pound of sugar. > > \*Give me one half a pound of sugar. > > ?Give me a half a pound of sugar. > > > (You do hear the last quite a bit in the U.S., although not in England; this came up in [another question](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/43294/a-half-a-cup-of-something) here.)

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

There is no need to say "one half" there. "Give me half of that" is sufficient.

You don't need the 'one' in expressions like 'give me half a cookie'. Where you do need the 'one' is in when units of measurement are involved, like "please give me one half pound of sugar". You can use 'a' instead of 'one', but leaving out any determiner is wrong. Correct: > > Give me one half pound of sugar. > > Give me a half pound of sugar. > > Give me half a pound of sugar. > > > Wrong: > > \*Give me half pound of sugar. > > \*Give me one half a pound of sugar. > > ?Give me a half a pound of sugar. > > > (You do hear the last quite a bit in the U.S., although not in England; this came up in [another question](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/43294/a-half-a-cup-of-something) here.)

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

I had this situation recently. It was so embarrassing when the saleslady told her co-workers about what I said. I asked her to give me one half kilo (1/2 kilo) of prawns and 3 pieces of fish. She ended up giving me one and one half kilo of prawns. When she asked for the payments and I asked the amount, i freaked out. I was not expecting that she actually gave me 1 1/2 kilo of prawns. I told her I asked for one half not one and one half kilo. She got angry and her co-workers started to laugh. They were all telling me I was wrong. They said it's half not one half. In my understanding, "one half" and "half" are both correct it depends on how you use it with other supporting words.

If you are discussing arithmetic, it is always correct to stipulate a numerator and a denominator. "Give me half an apple" is fine, but "what is half plus a third?" is incorrect and should be "what is one-half plus one-third?"

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

There is no need to say "one half" there. "Give me half of that" is sufficient.

If you are discussing arithmetic, it is always correct to stipulate a numerator and a denominator. "Give me half an apple" is fine, but "what is half plus a third?" is incorrect and should be "what is one-half plus one-third?"

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

There is no need to say "one half" there. "Give me half of that" is sufficient.

I had this situation recently. It was so embarrassing when the saleslady told her co-workers about what I said. I asked her to give me one half kilo (1/2 kilo) of prawns and 3 pieces of fish. She ended up giving me one and one half kilo of prawns. When she asked for the payments and I asked the amount, i freaked out. I was not expecting that she actually gave me 1 1/2 kilo of prawns. I told her I asked for one half not one and one half kilo. She got angry and her co-workers started to laugh. They were all telling me I was wrong. They said it's half not one half. In my understanding, "one half" and "half" are both correct it depends on how you use it with other supporting words.

I can't remember when and where I had this discussion, but I remember being corrected when I was speaking by a stranger saying that it is never correct to say *give me half of this*; instead, the grammatically correct phrase would be *give me one half of this*. I've never been a pro at where numbers fit in with the English language, so maybe someone here could shed some light on this.

2011/01/25

It is perfectly acceptable to say "give me half of that". In English, "half" in understood on its own to mean "[one of two equal parts of something](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/half "Half - Definition, Merriam-Webster Dictionary\"")". To put it another way: * It would make no sense to say "give me no halves of that". You would just say "give me none of that". * It would make no sense to say "give me two halves of that". You would just say "give me all of that". Saying "give me one half of that" is redundant. It's equivalent to saying "give me one of one of those two equal parts of that."

If you are discussing arithmetic, it is always correct to stipulate a numerator and a denominator. "Give me half an apple" is fine, but "what is half plus a third?" is incorrect and should be "what is one-half plus one-third?"

When asking an "ID My Bike" question what information about the bike should I include? Would a good "ID My Bike" question need all of the following or are there a few key things that would offer the best chance of an ID? Maybe something like - if these three things are included the chance of ID is 50/50. If these two things are added to that the chance goes up to 80% **Pictures** (maybe some coaching on how to take good pictures) * every major frame joint * all decals/logos/stamped names * every component * Other **Words** * Serial number * Information about my current knowledge of the bike * Links to information I have found so far * Other

2019/05/28

In order to ID a bike a question **must have**: At least one clear picture. If there is no picture there is zero chance of providing an ID. The question will be closed. The picture should be high resolution (any modern smart-phone will work) In the picture the bike should be: - well lit - right side up (sitting on it's wheels) - of the whole bike - from the chain side of the bike flat on. Pictures of the following are helpful: - head badge ( on the front of the frame) - logos - decals - distinctive frame features (lug work, square tubing, etc.) Other helpful information: - Country in which the bike is located. - What has already learned or is known about the bike. Here is an example of a good picture. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pXhFv.png) This answer is a summary of the excellent answers provided by Argenti Apparatus and Criggie

First, accept that the chances of your bike manufacturer, brand or model being identified are low, effectively zero in many cases (repainted BMX frames, generic 80's drop bar ten-speeds, 90's inexpensive hybrids ...) Having seen a great many id-my-bike questions on this site I think the goal is not so much getting the bike identified but avoiding looking like an idiot, collecting sarcastic comments and getting your question closed as a duplicate of [Why shouldn't I care what model/make/year my bicycle is?](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/52060/why-shouldnt-i-care-what-model-make-year-my-bicycle-is) within 20 minutes. That said ... An absolute necessity is well lit, high resolution, straight-on photo of the whole bike, right way up, from the drive side, with an uncluttered background. Include the year of sale when new if you know it (or a guess). Description or photos of major groupset components helps. Knowing the series/level of derailleurs, crank, shifters, wheels etc. can help narrow down the year range and model level. Any other info or photos you can provide won't hurt, but don't raise the probability of an identification much it seems. A piece of info that is generally left out that I think might help in some cases is the country or location where the bike is. Including the serial number generally won't help. Collectors have made databases of numbers of a few collectable brands, and sometimes someone will be able to decode a numbering scheme, but in general they are meaningless as manufacturers don't provide a serial number lookup that will provide model or component configuration to the public.

When asking an "ID My Bike" question what information about the bike should I include? Would a good "ID My Bike" question need all of the following or are there a few key things that would offer the best chance of an ID? Maybe something like - if these three things are included the chance of ID is 50/50. If these two things are added to that the chance goes up to 80% **Pictures** (maybe some coaching on how to take good pictures) * every major frame joint * all decals/logos/stamped names * every component * Other **Words** * Serial number * Information about my current knowledge of the bike * Links to information I have found so far * Other

2019/05/28

First, accept that the chances of your bike manufacturer, brand or model being identified are low, effectively zero in many cases (repainted BMX frames, generic 80's drop bar ten-speeds, 90's inexpensive hybrids ...) Having seen a great many id-my-bike questions on this site I think the goal is not so much getting the bike identified but avoiding looking like an idiot, collecting sarcastic comments and getting your question closed as a duplicate of [Why shouldn't I care what model/make/year my bicycle is?](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/52060/why-shouldnt-i-care-what-model-make-year-my-bicycle-is) within 20 minutes. That said ... An absolute necessity is well lit, high resolution, straight-on photo of the whole bike, right way up, from the drive side, with an uncluttered background. Include the year of sale when new if you know it (or a guess). Description or photos of major groupset components helps. Knowing the series/level of derailleurs, crank, shifters, wheels etc. can help narrow down the year range and model level. Any other info or photos you can provide won't hurt, but don't raise the probability of an identification much it seems. A piece of info that is generally left out that I think might help in some cases is the country or location where the bike is. Including the serial number generally won't help. Collectors have made databases of numbers of a few collectable brands, and sometimes someone will be able to decode a numbering scheme, but in general they are meaningless as manufacturers don't provide a serial number lookup that will provide model or component configuration to the public.

This answer emphasizes a few things in other answers for clarity. In general, we ask for clear photographs of the entire bike, and preferably some close ups of select parts as well. Be aware that these are usually necessary *but not sufficient* to ID a manufacturer, model, and year. Identifying a manufacturer is easier, identifying model and year is harder. Bicycle companies typically rely on decals, usually on the down tube at minimum, and head tube badges for branding. If you have those in the photo, you usually know who the bicycle *manufacturer* is. Of course, if those items are present, then the OP usually has the information to identify the manufacturer already. Nevertheless, not all head badges state the manufacturer clearly, but they can be recognized by enthusiasts. One example is Giant Bicycles' head tube badge. Naturally, some bicycles have had their decals and/or head badges removed. Failing that, with steel bikes, the design of the frame lugs and fork crown lugs can sometimes be informative, although not all frames use lugged construction. Some other design elements on bikes in general can be distinctive, which is why Criggie mentioned things like unusual-looking dropouts, sometimes the seat cluster. As another example, some Colnago steel bicycles (e.g. Master and Master X-Lite) used star-shaped down tubes on the argument that they had higher torsional rigidity, and I don't believe anyone else used these. I think that these unusual design elements are more rare, however. Identifying the *model* and manufacturing *year* of the bicycle can be harder. Sometimes, enthusiasts can match a paint scheme to a catalog, thus providing model and year - if someone posted a scanned catalog online, or if they collect catalogs, or if there's an example of the bike online, e.g. on Bicycle Blue Book (but that tends to cover more modern bikes). We can make guesses if we recognize the components or other frame features. For example, in the first photo Criggie posted, the components look like 9-speed Shimano 105, which was current in the early 2000s. The bike has a quill stem, rather than a threadless headset and stem, and these were less common on early 2000s bikes. So, it's possible the bike is from around the early 2000s, but it's also possible the components were refitted and the bike was from the 1990s. It's been stated elsewhere, but the serial number is usually not helpful at all. Presenting the serial number alone is worthless, and it is quite possible that the question will get downvoted and maybe closed.

When asking an "ID My Bike" question what information about the bike should I include? Would a good "ID My Bike" question need all of the following or are there a few key things that would offer the best chance of an ID? Maybe something like - if these three things are included the chance of ID is 50/50. If these two things are added to that the chance goes up to 80% **Pictures** (maybe some coaching on how to take good pictures) * every major frame joint * all decals/logos/stamped names * every component * Other **Words** * Serial number * Information about my current knowledge of the bike * Links to information I have found so far * Other

2019/05/28

In order to ID a bike a question **must have**: At least one clear picture. If there is no picture there is zero chance of providing an ID. The question will be closed. The picture should be high resolution (any modern smart-phone will work) In the picture the bike should be: - well lit - right side up (sitting on it's wheels) - of the whole bike - from the chain side of the bike flat on. Pictures of the following are helpful: - head badge ( on the front of the frame) - logos - decals - distinctive frame features (lug work, square tubing, etc.) Other helpful information: - Country in which the bike is located. - What has already learned or is known about the bike. Here is an example of a good picture. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pXhFv.png) This answer is a summary of the excellent answers provided by Argenti Apparatus and Criggie

**Photos** a. the first photo should be a clear and well lit shot of the right-hand side of the bike. Ideally it should be sunlit or good incandescent or LED lighting. Avoid fluorescent tube lighting at all costs. b. the bike should be clean-ish. Doesn't have to be concours level but we need to see the details and small features. c. Show the whole bike, not just the frame. d. high resolution - let us zoom in. The SE limit is 2 Mbytes on an uploaded photo. If that's not enough, upload your photo directly to <http://Imgur.com/> and share the link. e. Right-way up! Don't send in photos of the bike lying in a heap - try and get a view point that equates to about 2~3 metres from the bike, equidistant between wheel axles, and at a height somewhere even with the saddle or top tube. f. Don't care about valve angles and crank angles, though trying to leave text visible is helpful. Here's a workable photo - a plain background would have helped. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tZKDj.jpg) You can read off that its a shimano 105 groupset with dual pivot rim brakes and brifters, so the mechanicals are decades newer than the frame. Another good photo from a successful ID question at [Identify old bicycle w/locking steering column?](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/58308/identify-old-bicycle-w-locking-steering-column) Yes its inside, but the image is clear and well lit. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rr3ru.jpg) Not terrible but not great photos for ID purposes: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MfMzU.jpg) from [Looking for help identifying my newest addition](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/52085/looking-for-help-identifying-my-newest-addition) Pretty awful photo for ID purposes (though to be fair this question was somewhat focused on the logo visible) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RJc41.jpg) from [What kind of bike is this? Can anyone tell by the logo?](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/43791/what-kind-of-bike-is-this-can-anyone-tell-by-the-logo) --- Subsequent photos should zoom in on points of interest - what about this bike might be unique enough to promote recognition? Standard things would include * Head badge or logo * Any decals anywhere on the bike * Strange things like writing or emblems in the frame * Odd dropouts, front or rear * Odd seat stay attachment to the seat tube * Sometimes the fork crown can be distinctive This question has some great examples of closeups on useful areas, but even so still remains without a confirmed identification. [Name that frame! (Likely Japanese, likely made in 1986, with known serial number, likely a Bianchi)](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/20847/name-that-frame-likely-japanese-likely-made-in-1986-with-known-serial-number) Component close ups might help with dating, but often the components are used on many different bikes from different assemblers, and they can be changed after purchase. So a bike with "Shimano" on it is not a lot of help.

When asking an "ID My Bike" question what information about the bike should I include? Would a good "ID My Bike" question need all of the following or are there a few key things that would offer the best chance of an ID? Maybe something like - if these three things are included the chance of ID is 50/50. If these two things are added to that the chance goes up to 80% **Pictures** (maybe some coaching on how to take good pictures) * every major frame joint * all decals/logos/stamped names * every component * Other **Words** * Serial number * Information about my current knowledge of the bike * Links to information I have found so far * Other

2019/05/28

**Photos** a. the first photo should be a clear and well lit shot of the right-hand side of the bike. Ideally it should be sunlit or good incandescent or LED lighting. Avoid fluorescent tube lighting at all costs. b. the bike should be clean-ish. Doesn't have to be concours level but we need to see the details and small features. c. Show the whole bike, not just the frame. d. high resolution - let us zoom in. The SE limit is 2 Mbytes on an uploaded photo. If that's not enough, upload your photo directly to <http://Imgur.com/> and share the link. e. Right-way up! Don't send in photos of the bike lying in a heap - try and get a view point that equates to about 2~3 metres from the bike, equidistant between wheel axles, and at a height somewhere even with the saddle or top tube. f. Don't care about valve angles and crank angles, though trying to leave text visible is helpful. Here's a workable photo - a plain background would have helped. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tZKDj.jpg) You can read off that its a shimano 105 groupset with dual pivot rim brakes and brifters, so the mechanicals are decades newer than the frame. Another good photo from a successful ID question at [Identify old bicycle w/locking steering column?](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/58308/identify-old-bicycle-w-locking-steering-column) Yes its inside, but the image is clear and well lit. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rr3ru.jpg) Not terrible but not great photos for ID purposes: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MfMzU.jpg) from [Looking for help identifying my newest addition](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/52085/looking-for-help-identifying-my-newest-addition) Pretty awful photo for ID purposes (though to be fair this question was somewhat focused on the logo visible) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RJc41.jpg) from [What kind of bike is this? Can anyone tell by the logo?](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/43791/what-kind-of-bike-is-this-can-anyone-tell-by-the-logo) --- Subsequent photos should zoom in on points of interest - what about this bike might be unique enough to promote recognition? Standard things would include * Head badge or logo * Any decals anywhere on the bike * Strange things like writing or emblems in the frame * Odd dropouts, front or rear * Odd seat stay attachment to the seat tube * Sometimes the fork crown can be distinctive This question has some great examples of closeups on useful areas, but even so still remains without a confirmed identification. [Name that frame! (Likely Japanese, likely made in 1986, with known serial number, likely a Bianchi)](https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/20847/name-that-frame-likely-japanese-likely-made-in-1986-with-known-serial-number) Component close ups might help with dating, but often the components are used on many different bikes from different assemblers, and they can be changed after purchase. So a bike with "Shimano" on it is not a lot of help.

This answer emphasizes a few things in other answers for clarity. In general, we ask for clear photographs of the entire bike, and preferably some close ups of select parts as well. Be aware that these are usually necessary *but not sufficient* to ID a manufacturer, model, and year. Identifying a manufacturer is easier, identifying model and year is harder. Bicycle companies typically rely on decals, usually on the down tube at minimum, and head tube badges for branding. If you have those in the photo, you usually know who the bicycle *manufacturer* is. Of course, if those items are present, then the OP usually has the information to identify the manufacturer already. Nevertheless, not all head badges state the manufacturer clearly, but they can be recognized by enthusiasts. One example is Giant Bicycles' head tube badge. Naturally, some bicycles have had their decals and/or head badges removed. Failing that, with steel bikes, the design of the frame lugs and fork crown lugs can sometimes be informative, although not all frames use lugged construction. Some other design elements on bikes in general can be distinctive, which is why Criggie mentioned things like unusual-looking dropouts, sometimes the seat cluster. As another example, some Colnago steel bicycles (e.g. Master and Master X-Lite) used star-shaped down tubes on the argument that they had higher torsional rigidity, and I don't believe anyone else used these. I think that these unusual design elements are more rare, however. Identifying the *model* and manufacturing *year* of the bicycle can be harder. Sometimes, enthusiasts can match a paint scheme to a catalog, thus providing model and year - if someone posted a scanned catalog online, or if they collect catalogs, or if there's an example of the bike online, e.g. on Bicycle Blue Book (but that tends to cover more modern bikes). We can make guesses if we recognize the components or other frame features. For example, in the first photo Criggie posted, the components look like 9-speed Shimano 105, which was current in the early 2000s. The bike has a quill stem, rather than a threadless headset and stem, and these were less common on early 2000s bikes. So, it's possible the bike is from around the early 2000s, but it's also possible the components were refitted and the bike was from the 1990s. It's been stated elsewhere, but the serial number is usually not helpful at all. Presenting the serial number alone is worthless, and it is quite possible that the question will get downvoted and maybe closed.

When asking an "ID My Bike" question what information about the bike should I include? Would a good "ID My Bike" question need all of the following or are there a few key things that would offer the best chance of an ID? Maybe something like - if these three things are included the chance of ID is 50/50. If these two things are added to that the chance goes up to 80% **Pictures** (maybe some coaching on how to take good pictures) * every major frame joint * all decals/logos/stamped names * every component * Other **Words** * Serial number * Information about my current knowledge of the bike * Links to information I have found so far * Other

2019/05/28

In order to ID a bike a question **must have**: At least one clear picture. If there is no picture there is zero chance of providing an ID. The question will be closed. The picture should be high resolution (any modern smart-phone will work) In the picture the bike should be: - well lit - right side up (sitting on it's wheels) - of the whole bike - from the chain side of the bike flat on. Pictures of the following are helpful: - head badge ( on the front of the frame) - logos - decals - distinctive frame features (lug work, square tubing, etc.) Other helpful information: - Country in which the bike is located. - What has already learned or is known about the bike. Here is an example of a good picture. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pXhFv.png) This answer is a summary of the excellent answers provided by Argenti Apparatus and Criggie

This answer emphasizes a few things in other answers for clarity. In general, we ask for clear photographs of the entire bike, and preferably some close ups of select parts as well. Be aware that these are usually necessary *but not sufficient* to ID a manufacturer, model, and year. Identifying a manufacturer is easier, identifying model and year is harder. Bicycle companies typically rely on decals, usually on the down tube at minimum, and head tube badges for branding. If you have those in the photo, you usually know who the bicycle *manufacturer* is. Of course, if those items are present, then the OP usually has the information to identify the manufacturer already. Nevertheless, not all head badges state the manufacturer clearly, but they can be recognized by enthusiasts. One example is Giant Bicycles' head tube badge. Naturally, some bicycles have had their decals and/or head badges removed. Failing that, with steel bikes, the design of the frame lugs and fork crown lugs can sometimes be informative, although not all frames use lugged construction. Some other design elements on bikes in general can be distinctive, which is why Criggie mentioned things like unusual-looking dropouts, sometimes the seat cluster. As another example, some Colnago steel bicycles (e.g. Master and Master X-Lite) used star-shaped down tubes on the argument that they had higher torsional rigidity, and I don't believe anyone else used these. I think that these unusual design elements are more rare, however. Identifying the *model* and manufacturing *year* of the bicycle can be harder. Sometimes, enthusiasts can match a paint scheme to a catalog, thus providing model and year - if someone posted a scanned catalog online, or if they collect catalogs, or if there's an example of the bike online, e.g. on Bicycle Blue Book (but that tends to cover more modern bikes). We can make guesses if we recognize the components or other frame features. For example, in the first photo Criggie posted, the components look like 9-speed Shimano 105, which was current in the early 2000s. The bike has a quill stem, rather than a threadless headset and stem, and these were less common on early 2000s bikes. So, it's possible the bike is from around the early 2000s, but it's also possible the components were refitted and the bike was from the 1990s. It's been stated elsewhere, but the serial number is usually not helpful at all. Presenting the serial number alone is worthless, and it is quite possible that the question will get downvoted and maybe closed.

I observed that dictators often appoint highly educated and qualified technocrats as advisors or spokespersons. For example, * Dr. Gowher Rizvi, advisor to Sheikh Hasina, Ph.D. from Oxford University. * Ibrahim Kalin, spokesperson of Erdogan, Ph.D. from George Washington University. * Bouthaina Shaaban, advisor to Bashar Al Assad, Ph.D. from the University of Warwick. * etc. My question is, Do dictators find such people, Or, those people find dictators?

2020/09/28

> > Do dictators find such people, Or, those people find dictators? > > > It's mutual. Dictators need someone to "make the trains run on time" and operating a modern state is a complex enterprise beyond the capacity of the ambitious soldiers and politicians who usually end up as dictators to do without expert advice for very long. So, like any other executive leading a large organization, they hire people to fill these posts and look for people who can provide them with quality advice. In many cases, their view of what quality advice looks like is quite mainstream. Many dictators are not particularly ideologically pure and they often don't have well worked out policy doctrines themselves, instead seizing upon a historical moment to take power when it arises. Hitler and Mao's manifestos were the exception and not the rule among dictators. Ideologically driven and thought out agendas are more common among small "d" democratic politicians and revolutionaries (who often fail entirely or have short lived regimes) in order to persuade large numbers of mid-level elites to join their movement. In contrast, run of the mill dictators tend to be less ideological than political genius manifesto writers. They frequently step into a power vacuum marked by chaos, corruption and incompetence on the part of the democratically elected regimes that they replace, or the incompetence of their authoritarian predecessors whom they replace. Since dictators often rise to power based upon the gross incompetence of a predecessor, being able to show some level of competence is often a significant goal for the new dictator if the dictator wishes to hold onto power for long. Skilled professionals need jobs and also believe in their ideas and long to test out those ideas. Dictatorships allow intellectuals to implement their ideas rapidly and uncompromisingly in a way that democratic political processes which tend towards incrementalism and traditional solutions to social and economic problems rarely do. A famous historical example of this is the advice provided by famed democratic free market supporter and premier economist [Milton Friedman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman#Chile) who provided economic guidance to military dictator President Augusto Pinochet in Chile the 1970s. Friedman was heavily criticized for this and later attempted to publicly justify his involvement as a voice for positive change from within the regime in the long run (from the same link). > > During the 2000 PBS documentary The Commanding Heights (based on the > book), Friedman continued to argue that "free markets would undermine > [Pinochet's] political centralization and political control.", and > that criticism over his role in Chile missed his main contention that > freer markets resulted in freer people, and that Chile's unfree > economy had caused the military government. Friedman advocated for > free markets which undermined "political centralization and political > control". > > >

A simple factual analysis leads to the following conclusion: the autocratic power that dictators hold may not have been granted through a process reflecting the will of some concept of majority of the citizens in the country but, see, their decisions are not based on their whims or personal interests, but on solid technocratic advise - hence the PhDs. So there is a certain drive from the dictator's side to seek out technocrats. In other words, it can be seen as a marketing tactic to make the political product "dictatorship" more palatable to end-users (or end-sufferers, as the case may be). In principle, this does not eliminate the possibility that these technocrats are seriously listened to, and they may be listened to in matters "not politically sensitive". But historical experience says that in a dictatorship *everything* is considered "politically sensitive", so this possibility has rather low probability. Note that we are talking here about "technocrats as *personal advisors* to dictators", not "technocrats as part of the wider government system". Of course, elected officials in countries with representative systems, also tend to use technocrats as advisors. Casual observation indicates that the reason here is slightly different: Not so much to provide credibility to decisions taken, but to take away responsibility for them, if the need arises: if the decision is unpopular or is deemed a failure, well, it wasn't us, the technocrats told us to do it.

I came across the term "Particle Phenomenology", which is "the application of theoretical physics to experimental data by making quantitative predictions based upon known theories" (quote from Wikipedia). It appears to be a field between particle experiment and particle theory. My question is: who contributes to the field of "Particle Phenomenology", experimentalists or theorists?

2021/07/08

I copy here from a [prominent US university.](https://phy.princeton.edu/research/research-areas/particle-phenomenology) > > Particle physics phenomenolog*y is the field of theoretical physics* that focuses on the observable consequences of the fundamental particles of Nature and their interactions. The recent discovery of the Higgs boson provides an exquisite confirmation of the Standard Model, but important mysteries remain, including the nature of dark matter, the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe, the properties of the neutrino sector, and the lightness of the Higgs mass. The Princeton phenomenology group works at the interface between theory and experiment to tackle these many challenges. > > > Italics mine.

> > It appears to be a field between particle experiment and particle theory. > > > Exactly. There is one big gray wash from engineering to experimental (particle) physics to phenomenology to theoretical physics to mathematics that defining clear boundaries between those is a moot exercise. Typically when particle theorists deal with real data, that is called phenomenology. Often, experimentalists contribute to that too. Since phenomenology doesn't require expensive equipment, the job market for phenomenologists is similar to that for theorists. That fortifies the notion to count phenomenology towards theory.

I just want to know whether both the usages are right or not. Also, do these usages depend on geography?

2011/01/29

It's a noun so it's necessary to specify the quantity. "One hundred" is the same as saying "a hundred," just like if you had six hundred it would be necessary to say "six hundred." The same rule applies to other nouns; you don't say "I have dollar" you say "I have one dollar" and you don't say "I have car" you say "I have a car." (or, of course, "I have six cars").

'Hundred' is a noun, not a quantity. Thus it needs a determiner like 'a' or 'one' to function as a quantity. 'Dozen' is functionally similar.

I just want to know whether both the usages are right or not. Also, do these usages depend on geography?

2011/01/29

'Hundred' is a noun, not a quantity. Thus it needs a determiner like 'a' or 'one' to function as a quantity. 'Dozen' is functionally similar.

Hundred in English signifies a unit of 10x10, 100. If you want to think about it mathematically, one hundred is 1x100. Two hundred is 2x100, or 200. In English you must specify how many units of 10x10 you have if you wish to make sense. Oyu can't just tell me that you have the unit 10x10, you need to say how many. Exception: this rule works, obviously, only with numbers between 100 and 9900. The rule is less consistent with numbers above five digits.

I just want to know whether both the usages are right or not. Also, do these usages depend on geography?

2011/01/29

It's a noun so it's necessary to specify the quantity. "One hundred" is the same as saying "a hundred," just like if you had six hundred it would be necessary to say "six hundred." The same rule applies to other nouns; you don't say "I have dollar" you say "I have one dollar" and you don't say "I have car" you say "I have a car." (or, of course, "I have six cars").

Hundred in English signifies a unit of 10x10, 100. If you want to think about it mathematically, one hundred is 1x100. Two hundred is 2x100, or 200. In English you must specify how many units of 10x10 you have if you wish to make sense. Oyu can't just tell me that you have the unit 10x10, you need to say how many. Exception: this rule works, obviously, only with numbers between 100 and 9900. The rule is less consistent with numbers above five digits.

### Background By default, Microsoft [BitLocker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitLocker) does not allow the user to enable full disk encryption (FDE) of the system disk, unless the PC has a compatible [TPM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module). However, if the "Allow BitLocker without a compatible TPM" option is turned on (under *Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Windows Components -> BitLocker Drive Encryption -> Operating System Drives -> Require additional authentication at startup*), then the BitLocker [wizard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizard_(software)) will permit FDE of the system disk. If this is done, then one of the wizard's dialogue boxes, headed "Choose how to unlock your drive at startup", will require the user to choose between two alternative authentication mechanisms: * Insert a USB flash drive; * Enter a password. If the user picks "Insert a USB flash drive", then typically the wizard will generate a "**startup key**" and will ask for a USB flash drive on which to write it. (The idea is that when wanting to boot the PC in the future, the user will *first* insert that USB flash drive into the PC and *then* switch on the PC. The Windows bootloader will then read the **startup key** from the flash drive in order to decrypt the system disk before booting Windows. I know people who do this in practice, and it works well. For more background, see e.g. [this](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mvpawardprogram/2016/01/12/securing-windows-10-with-bitlocker-drive-encryption/) and [this](https://superuser.com/questions/1075220/what-is-the-difference-between-a-bitlocker-startup-and-recovery-key).) ### My question When encrypting a drive with BitLocker, so as to require a **startup key**, can the user specify *her own custom* **startup key** (e.g. if she has previously generated one with the wizard and wants to use it on additional PCs), or must she accept the key generated by the BitLocker wizard? Alternatively, if she must accept the key created by the BitLocker wizard (at least while the wizard is running) then as a workaround, can she *later* replace this with her preferred **startup key**? Via the BitLocker Manage Keys interface, perhaps?

2018/03/13

You cannot make your own startup key or import startup keys, BUT: > > When encrypting a drive with BitLocker, so as to require a startup > key, can the user specify her own custom startup key (e.g. if she has > previously generated one with the wizard and wants to use it on > additional PCs), or must she accept the key generated by the BitLocker > wizard? > > > In this example, if she is wishing to use the *same* startup key on multiple computers, it cannot be done. But, she CAN have the startup keys from different computers on the same USB. I do want to add that you may think that manage-bde -add could be used to "add" your own startup key as a protector, but it just creates a new startup key and adds it as a protector.

To answer your question: > > When encrypting a drive with BitLocker, so as to require a startup key, can the user specify her own custom startup key (e.g. if she has previously generated one with the wizard and wants to use it on additional PCs), or must she accept the key generated by the BitLocker wizard? > > > **The answer** is that we have to accepted the key generated by Bitlocer. > > Alternatively, if she must accept the key created by the BitLocker wizard (at least while the wizard is running) then as a workaround, can she later replace this with her preferred startup key? Via the BitLocker Manage Keys interface, perhaps? > > > **The answer** is that we cannot do this.

I work in an office with 8 people. We have no allocated seating. Which I am quite cool with. However, recently the tidiness has gotten quite out of hand. Papers, coffee stains, and some brochures scatter over the tables. It's quite a rude shock when I almost put my laptop down on someone's old coffee stain in the morning. Now my daily ritual is to wipe away all leftover hairs and dirt and choose an area that has less clutter. We have introduced individual shelf compartment for us to store our personal goods. However, most of them still do not have the habit to clear up after themselves when they leave at the end of the work day. I am quite concerned about how to keep the cleanliness, and would like to know if anyone has any experience in maintaining cleanliness in a free seating plan office?

2017/05/26

The answer would be either: 1. To hire a cleaner 2. Have allocated desks

You didn't mention any communication with the other 7 members of your work space, so I would suggest that as a first step. This is very similar to sharing an apartment with roommates, or having a common area. Sometimes you just need to set out rules for everyone to follow to maintain cleanliness. You could even provide some cleaning supplies as another person suggested, but cleaning up should be everyone's responsibility.

I work in an office with 8 people. We have no allocated seating. Which I am quite cool with. However, recently the tidiness has gotten quite out of hand. Papers, coffee stains, and some brochures scatter over the tables. It's quite a rude shock when I almost put my laptop down on someone's old coffee stain in the morning. Now my daily ritual is to wipe away all leftover hairs and dirt and choose an area that has less clutter. We have introduced individual shelf compartment for us to store our personal goods. However, most of them still do not have the habit to clear up after themselves when they leave at the end of the work day. I am quite concerned about how to keep the cleanliness, and would like to know if anyone has any experience in maintaining cleanliness in a free seating plan office?

2017/05/26

The answer would be either: 1. To hire a cleaner 2. Have allocated desks

Those who refuse to return the space they are using for the day back to a neutral clean environment are likely doing so as a way to make the free seating arrangement painful. If all the work environments were equal in resources, space, and comfort; and the work required in the morning and the evening to convert those spaces to your use was trivial; then depending on the number of people vs work space involved, free seating might make sense. If there are 8 work spaces but 15 employees but many are at customer sites or on travel or working from home, then free seating is a way to better use the resources. The behavior of those who continue to leave papers, stains and brochures at the end of each day may be a way of marking their territory. Or it a way resisting the lack of assigned seats. They may be leaving a level of clutter and filth that they can tolerate in the hopes that you won't take their seat. They may even settle for the situation where you spend time cleaning their spot from yesterday, while they take your clean spot. The next phase of their plan is for somebody who likes a clean work space to complain to management and to try and put a cleaning policy in place....

I work in an office with 8 people. We have no allocated seating. Which I am quite cool with. However, recently the tidiness has gotten quite out of hand. Papers, coffee stains, and some brochures scatter over the tables. It's quite a rude shock when I almost put my laptop down on someone's old coffee stain in the morning. Now my daily ritual is to wipe away all leftover hairs and dirt and choose an area that has less clutter. We have introduced individual shelf compartment for us to store our personal goods. However, most of them still do not have the habit to clear up after themselves when they leave at the end of the work day. I am quite concerned about how to keep the cleanliness, and would like to know if anyone has any experience in maintaining cleanliness in a free seating plan office?

2017/05/26

The answer would be either: 1. To hire a cleaner 2. Have allocated desks

It's the <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons> . Make it the Owner's problem, everyone's problem, or keep it to yourself (see who cracks first). Don't be Felix and live with Oscar.

I work in an office with 8 people. We have no allocated seating. Which I am quite cool with. However, recently the tidiness has gotten quite out of hand. Papers, coffee stains, and some brochures scatter over the tables. It's quite a rude shock when I almost put my laptop down on someone's old coffee stain in the morning. Now my daily ritual is to wipe away all leftover hairs and dirt and choose an area that has less clutter. We have introduced individual shelf compartment for us to store our personal goods. However, most of them still do not have the habit to clear up after themselves when they leave at the end of the work day. I am quite concerned about how to keep the cleanliness, and would like to know if anyone has any experience in maintaining cleanliness in a free seating plan office?

2017/05/26

You didn't mention any communication with the other 7 members of your work space, so I would suggest that as a first step. This is very similar to sharing an apartment with roommates, or having a common area. Sometimes you just need to set out rules for everyone to follow to maintain cleanliness. You could even provide some cleaning supplies as another person suggested, but cleaning up should be everyone's responsibility.

Those who refuse to return the space they are using for the day back to a neutral clean environment are likely doing so as a way to make the free seating arrangement painful. If all the work environments were equal in resources, space, and comfort; and the work required in the morning and the evening to convert those spaces to your use was trivial; then depending on the number of people vs work space involved, free seating might make sense. If there are 8 work spaces but 15 employees but many are at customer sites or on travel or working from home, then free seating is a way to better use the resources. The behavior of those who continue to leave papers, stains and brochures at the end of each day may be a way of marking their territory. Or it a way resisting the lack of assigned seats. They may be leaving a level of clutter and filth that they can tolerate in the hopes that you won't take their seat. They may even settle for the situation where you spend time cleaning their spot from yesterday, while they take your clean spot. The next phase of their plan is for somebody who likes a clean work space to complain to management and to try and put a cleaning policy in place....

I work in an office with 8 people. We have no allocated seating. Which I am quite cool with. However, recently the tidiness has gotten quite out of hand. Papers, coffee stains, and some brochures scatter over the tables. It's quite a rude shock when I almost put my laptop down on someone's old coffee stain in the morning. Now my daily ritual is to wipe away all leftover hairs and dirt and choose an area that has less clutter. We have introduced individual shelf compartment for us to store our personal goods. However, most of them still do not have the habit to clear up after themselves when they leave at the end of the work day. I am quite concerned about how to keep the cleanliness, and would like to know if anyone has any experience in maintaining cleanliness in a free seating plan office?

2017/05/26

You didn't mention any communication with the other 7 members of your work space, so I would suggest that as a first step. This is very similar to sharing an apartment with roommates, or having a common area. Sometimes you just need to set out rules for everyone to follow to maintain cleanliness. You could even provide some cleaning supplies as another person suggested, but cleaning up should be everyone's responsibility.

It's the <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons> . Make it the Owner's problem, everyone's problem, or keep it to yourself (see who cracks first). Don't be Felix and live with Oscar.

How / where do I store settings in a windows mobile 6 application (targeting compact framework 3.5)? Is there some mechanism like the properties.settings for desktop?

2009/11/23

Unfortunately, the System.Configuration is missing from .NET Compact Framework. You can use the [Smart Device Framework](http://www.opennetcf.com/Products/SmartDeviceFramework/tabid/65/Default.aspx) or you can just create a class that stores your settings and the save it and load it using a [XmlSerializer](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.xml.serialization.xmlserializer.aspx).

It would be best to use the config settings class to do the job for you. Alternatively, for more flexibility, use an INI class handler (there are a good few out there, look for Windows mobile platform portability). [Nini](http://nini.sourceforge.net/) would be your best bet! Hope this helps, Best regards, Tom.

How / where do I store settings in a windows mobile 6 application (targeting compact framework 3.5)? Is there some mechanism like the properties.settings for desktop?

2009/11/23

Or just store the stuff in the registry, which is what I ended up doing.

It would be best to use the config settings class to do the job for you. Alternatively, for more flexibility, use an INI class handler (there are a good few out there, look for Windows mobile platform portability). [Nini](http://nini.sourceforge.net/) would be your best bet! Hope this helps, Best regards, Tom.

Every time I go to break a block in Minecraft it opens the in-game menu. I don't know how to stop this from happening, any ideas?

2013/04/25

Try looking at your controls, I think that you have it so that if you left-click it opens the menu instead of Esc.

It's a Java bug. Try downloading and installing a different (newer, older, whatever) Java VM. As a workaround, hit more slowly, one click at a time. The bug seems to trigger when you hold the mouse button down for repeated clicks.

I am in a home loan with my ex-partner in joint tenancy. She is the primary on the loan paperwork. I would like to remove myself from the loan. Is that possible? She does not want to refinance in her name only but rather just remove me from the original which I am fine with.

2015/07/12

This will be up to the bank. Ask them, but if they are unwilling then refinancing or selling the house are the only other options. Even changing the title does not release you from the loan obligation.

Both people are responsible for the loan, it doesn't matter who is prime. The lender can ding both parties credit reports for failure to pay. It can force payment from either party. They are unlikely to want to let one party out of the deal unless they have done an updated review of the solo persons finances and credit. Of course that type of review is only done as part of a refinance. Even if you give up your portion of the property via a quit claim deed, that won't get your name off the mortgage.

I need to put a quote in my research paper. My friends give me different answers so I'm confused now... Would it be > > According to "Title", "blah blah blah." > > > or > > According to "Title," "blah blah blah." > > >

2014/02/11

Depends on the context. Imagine the sentence doesn't have quotes: > > According to Fred, astrophysics is a rapidly growing field. > > > You can substitute "Fred" for anything, including some title. Note that the comma would be where it is, regardless of what you substitute for the word Fred. The comma is not part of the title, so the comma does not belong inside the quote. Therefore in this context you put the comma after the quote, like so: > > According to "Astrophysics: Growing Rapidly", astrophysics is a rapidly growing field. > > > You typically only put the punctuation inside the quotes if you are writing dialogue or if you are quoting a sentence that includes punctuation. > > "According to Fred," said Bob, "astrophysics is a rapidly growing field." > > >

In American English, according to most style manuals, punctuation marks are placed inside of the quotes. For more information see [here](https://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/quotes.asp) and [here](http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2011/08/punctuating-around-quotation-marks.html).

Hi I just wanted some feedback on a DDOS preventing php script that I'm designing. It quite simple and I wanted some feedback on whether you guys think it would be effective. I'm currently using the [ulogin framework](http://ulogin.sourceforge.net/) as a base and have implemented API Key's. At the moment the user will send a request with a key. This key is checked against the database to see if it correct. So if the key is not correct the program will return. If the key is correct then some statistics are going to be calculated. The first thing is to increment the counter. The average hit per second will be calculated from the time they started requesting to the current time. Also there is a window of X seconds in which the counter will be reset (Lets say 300). The programmer specifies the max number of requests that should be allowed in this window. If the key is over the limit of requests per stats reset (Window) or over a certain amount of requests per second, they will be blocked and not given access. However the counter still increments but another counter is started (blockcount). When the counter is set to 0 at the end of the window, the count for the next window will be set to what ever the blockcount is and the blockcount will be set to 0. If the user doesn't use the API key for X (window) seconds then both counters will be reset to 0. I have added a transferpenalty variable (0-1) that will take a percentage of the blockcount on to the next window instead of the entire block count but I don't think that it is neccessary to have this. Is this already being done? Would this protect against a sniffed API key being used to (D)DOS a server? What are your thoughts :)

2014/07/25

Your code is good for monitoring users activity on the server but to be honest, It can't help preventing DDOS attacks since the aim of DDOS attacks is to send tons of requests to the server to make it too busy to respond to its intended users. your code seems to be doing lots of checking to determine if the number of requests has reached beyond your standards, and this means that not only the attacker has reached his goal keeping your server busy but also you are helping him with lots of processing which is done by your code. Imagine that each time there is a request, your code has to search through database and retrieve information and then compare them and do lots of other stuff. there is nothing you could do in PHP to stop this kind of attacks. and also if the attacker uses UDP attack, your code will do nothing since the Apache listens to TCP port. The only thing that can protect your website from DDOS attacks is your Hosting company. the company needs to have needed equipments like: 1. Firewalls 2. rate-limiting Switches 3. appropriate Routers 4. Application front end hardware 5. IPS based prevention 6. DDS based defense 7. Blackholing and sinkholing 8. Clean pipes but if you need a secure login system you could use a captcha, even the one you created yourself. simply generate a random 5 digit number and create an image in PHP with the number printed in it and show the picture on the form and when the user submits the form, check if the number you generated matches with the one user entered. and also you can use PHP/JavaScript AES libraries to encrypt user inputs on the client side and decrypt them on the server.

the hosting company won't do a lot for you in terms of DDoS. As soon as it gets to large (which with most hosting is small) and/or floods the ISP they will blackhole you. Try something like Prolexic or Akamai (the later doing API with their new release). good luck.

I try to help some people with basic English, and I'm not able to explain why "Everyone" takes a "s" with the simple present verb, and why "People" takes no "s". I explained "Everyone" as a group, and group means a plural, but have a singular form. Example: a football team. But with "people", my explanation get confusing. How to explain it, considering the students ask for a logic, if they are learning from a language with a very different logic. In linguistics, how is it called? PS: why there is no "indefinite pronouns" tags, nor "linguistics" tag?

2017/05/09

"Everyone" is equivalent to "Every person". Although we are talking about multiple people, we are grammatically using a singular. * Everyone (singular) **works** overtime today. * Every person (singular) **works** overtime today. "People", on the other hand, is the plural for "person". "Persons" *can be* correct in certain circumstances. But you'll want to use "people" in most cases. * People (plural) **work** overtime today. --- There are ways that you can say the same thing about a group of people, but you can grammatically use the singular if you want to: * The Coca Cola employees (plural) **work** overtime today. * The Coca Cola staff (singular) **works** overtime today.

Almost all English plural nouns end in *s* or *es* but there are about 20 or so nouns with irregular plurals (that aren't stolen from Latin) - and *people* is one of them. So it's treated the same way as a noun with *s* or *es* on the end. *Everyone* is really the two words "every one" run together. So it's really *one* modified by *every*. You would use singular verb forms if *one* was the subject, and continue to do so if *one* was modified by another word. Similar thread of logic with *everything*, *everywhere* and *everybody* (though "every body" does mean something different than "everybody" and "every where" doesn't work.)

I'm a bit hung up on the idea of forces at either end of a spring being equal, surely by extending the spring you are moving its centre of mass and hence applying a resultant force on it. I get it when the spring is not extending or has already extended, but while it is extending surely the force pulling the molecules apart must be greater than the force pulling them back together and hence there should be a resultant force on each molecule. And then this should accumulate throughout the spring as the force pulling on each molecule gets smaller such that though the fixed end of the spring is in equilibrium, the forces acting on it are less than the force pulling at the other end of the spring.

2021/03/13

> > I'm a bit hung up on the idea of forces at either end of a spring > being equal, surely by extending the spring you are moving its centre > of mass and hence applying a resultant force on it. > > > Yes. If the spring is *being extended* then almost by definition its Centre of Mass (in the case of a **massive spring**) is accelerating. *Being extended* here means that one end moves and the other not or than one end moves faster than the other. This means that acc. Newton's Second Law there must be a *net force* acting on the spring. This in turn means the forces acting on both ends cannot be the same.

The forces are equal at the ends because if they were not one end or the other would move. If you replace the spring with an elastic string , it is easier to see that the tension in the string is the same all over. And also in the spring (which is a hard kind of curly string) the tension (force) is equal along the length of the spring.

**Question**: when did someone first call the astronomical objects that orbit planets "moons"? More precisely, I'm probably looking for the first use of *lunae* in this context. I assume that "moons" would have been a translation of the Latin word which astronomers tended to prefer. **Presumed, but Incorrect Answer**: One might assume that the answer is whoever discovered the first such objects, but this is not the case. Galileo who discovered the first natural satellites other than the Moon **did not** call them *moons*. More on this below. **Context**: I was trying to answer this question from the Astronomy Stack Exchange: [Do our sun and moon have names?](https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/40110/do-our-sun-and-moon-have-names) but I've gotten stuck. The question as asked is backwards. The other planets' "moons" are named after the Moon and not the other way around. We call Earth's natural satellite *the Moon* because Middle English-speakers called it *mona*. And if we trace this word's origin back as far as we can, the theoretical Proto-Indo-European-speakers called the Moon \*mḗh₁n̥s, probably from the root meh₁- which meant *to measure*, since the Moon was used to measure time ([Wiktionary — Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mḗh₁n̥s](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/m%E1%B8%97h%E2%82%81n%CC%A5s)). So there's a compelling theory about why we call the Moon *the Moon*, but why do we call other similar astronomical objects *moons*? The naive, or the partial answer is that someone chose the word *moon* because these other bodies closely resembled the Moon. But this glib answer presumes that people in the past shared our current understanding of astronomy, and this is not true. When Galileo first spotted the three (and then later the fourth) objects arrayed in a straight line near Jupiter, he described these objects as *Stellae* ("stars") and as *Planetea* ("planets") ([Wikipedia — *Sidereus Nuncius*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidereus_Nuncius). You can see a use of *Stellae* in one of the pictures on that site ([File:Medicean Stars.png](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medicean_Stars.png)). When giving them a proper name, Galileo initially chose *Cosmica Sidera* ("Cosimo's stars") and later *Medicea Sidera* ("the Medician stars"). To Galileo, it was *not* obvious that these objects were more similar to the Moon than to other celestial bodies. So who made the connection? **Also Interesting, but not the Answer**: Johannes Kepler was apparently the first person to call the Galilean moons *satellites*, extending the meaning of the Latin word for "a body-guard, a courtier; an assistant" ([Online Etymology Dictionary — satellite](https://www.etymonline.com/word/satellite)).

2020/12/02

[Chistiaan Huygens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens#Saturn%27s_rings_and_Titan) in 1656 is the first documented evidence. --- The invention of the telescope limits this to after 1610. Since Galileo was the first to observe such objects, it was Kepler who in 1611 called them satellites in his *Narratio de observatis a se quatuor Iovis Satellitibus erronibus*. Which is about 'the *Satellites* wandering about Jupiter'. The comparison to Earth's moon was then made by Huygens, who called Saturn's [Titan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(moon)#Naming) a/his *"luna"* and provided a rationale for making this comparison: > > Saturnius hic mundus adferat: si enim gravaté olim isti systemati assentientibus, scrupulum demere potuerunt quaternae circa Iovem repertae Lunae; manifestius utiq; nunc eos convincet unica illa circa Saturnum oberrans, atque ob hoc ipsum quod unica est, nostratis Lunas similitudinem magis exprimens ut omittam nunc aliam quoque Saturnij globi cum hoc nostro cognationem, quam in simili axium utriusque inclinatione invenient Astronomiae periti.[…] > > — ([archive.org](https://archive.org/stream/CristianiHugeni00Huyg#page/2/mode/2up/search/luna)) > > > [On WP:](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens) > > 1656 – *De Saturni Luna observatio nova* (About the new observation of the moon of Saturn – discovery of Titan) > > > As confirmed by this article: > > Christiaan Huygens, the discoverer of Titan, was the first to use the term moon for such objects, calling Titan Luna Saturni or Luna Saturnia – "Saturn's moon" or "The Saturnian moon", because it stood in the same relation to Saturn as the Moon did to the Earth. > > — [Gravity Wiki: Natural satellite](https://gravity.wikia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite) > > > Apparently the earliest surviving copy of that text is found in *a history book* about the invention of telescopes, published almost immediately after Huygens first observation and conclusion, Huygen's text just slapped on for good measure to increase the length of the book. > > [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/q69oH.jpg) […] > > [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ifcAp.png) > > > — Petrus Borellus: "De vero telescopii inventore cum brevi omnium conspiciliorum historia; ubi de eorum confectione, ac usu, seu de effectibus agitur, novaque quaedam circa ea proponuntur, accessit etiam centuria observationum microcospicarum", Adrian Vlaaacq: Gent, 1655 (sic! on archive.org). ([archive.org](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_pIsPAAAAQAAJ/page/n147/mode/2up)), Text printed with date of "March 5, 1656", page number on page: 62, page number in PDF: 148, original pamphlet 4 pages long. [English translation in the Hartlib Papers](https://www.dhi.ac.uk/hartlib/view?docset=additional&docname=TCDLaa5T).) > > > A note on the timeline of confusing dates: Huygens discovered the object we now call Titan in March 1655, published a rushed but cautious pamphlet already calling it "Saturn's moon" in The Hague in March 1656. He did this because he wasn't really sure about all he concluded from his discovery but wanted to assure his primacy on this discovery in a time before copyright. In that Latin paper we see all the terminology current at the time. Those objects around Jupiter were the most obvious to compare and those are called variously "star" *(stellulam)*, "satellite" *(novus Saturni satelles)*, "planet" *(planeta)*, "Medicaen planet" (Mediceos Jovi |[named after the Medici](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilean_moons#Dedication_to_the_Medicis)), "companion", "follower". He already concludes that neither Jupiter's nor Saturn's 'planets' are properly called 'planets', as they are different from those in orbiting not the sun, but orbiting an object that orbits the sun. A difference in properties he claims no other astronomer before had recognised nor taken into account. But as the very title of the pamphlet shows, his synonym Moon=satellite was already there, and within the text he just goes on to make this comparison: > > Caeterum mihi novum Saturniae lunae phaenomenon ad haec quoque viam aperuit > > (However, this new phenomenon of Saturn's moon…) > > > It took a little while longer for him to publish his full treatise on *why* the moon of Saturn is really much like Earth's moon, together with his explanation of Saturn's rings in his [Systema Saturnium](https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/HST/Huygens/huygens-text.htm) in 1659. In this we find his explanation, him still juggling with other terminology of planets, star, satellite, for the 'new', 'Saturn's moon', and the moons around Jupiter: > > Now I was greatly helped in this matter not only by those more genuine phases, but also by the motion of Saturn's Moon, which I observed from the beginning; indeed it was the revolution of this Moon around Saturn that first caused to dawn upon me the hope of constructing the hypothesis. The nature of this hypothesis I will proceed to explain in what follows. > > > When, then, I had discovered that the new planet revolved around Saturn in a period of sixteen days, I thought that without any doubt Saturn rotated on his own axis in even less time. For even before this I had always believed that the other primary planets were like our Earth in this respect that each rotated on its own axis, and so the entire surface rejoiced in the light of the Sun, a part at a time; and, more than this, I believe that in general the arrangement with the large bodies of the world was such that those around which smaller bodies revolved, having themselves a central position, had also a shorter period of rotation. Thus the Sun, its spots declare, rotates on its own axis in about twenty-six days; but around the Sun the various planets, among which the Earth is also to be reckoned, complete their courses in times varying as their distances. Again, this Earth rotates in daily course, and around the Earth the Moon circles with monthly motion. Around the planet Jupiter four smaller planets, that is to say Moons, revolve, subject to this same law, under which the velocities increase as the distances diminish. Whence, indeed, we must conclude perhaps that Jupiter rotates in a shorter time than 24 hours, since his nearest Moon requires less than two days. Now having long since learned all these facts, I concluded even then that Saturn must have a similar motion. But it was my observation in regard to his satellite that gave me the information about the velocity of his motion of rotarion. The fact that the satellite completes its orbit in sixteen days leads to the conclusion that Saturn, being in the centre of the satellite's orbit, rotates in much less time. Furthermore, the following conclusion seemed reasonable: that all the celestial matter that lies between Saturn and his satellite is subject to the same motion, in this way that the nearer it is to Saturn, the nearer it approaches Saturn's velocity. Whence, finally, the following resulted: the appendages also, or arms, of Saturn are either joined and attached to the globular body at its middle and go around with it, or, if they are separated by a certain distance, still revolve at a rate not much inferior to that of Saturn. > > — [In 1659 Christiaan Huygens published an article on Saturn's Ring in *Systema Saturnium.* The translation below is based on that made by J H Walden in 1928.](https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Extras/Huygens_Saturn/) > > > A nice outline of the events unfolding is to be read in the title: — Albert van Helden: ["'Annulo Cingitur': The Solution to the Problem of Saturn"](http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1974JHA.....5..155V/0000159.000.html), Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 5, p.155, 1974. This was for the *concept* of using a word for our moon to describe other celestial bodies that are natural satellites to other planets. But that went all on in Latin, the language Huygens used. In English we see the Oxford English Dictionary give the earliest attestation at 1665 (as [shown in justCal's answer](https://history.stackexchange.com/a/62070) with the following description: > > 1665: Phil. Trans. I. 72 “The Conformity of these Moons with our Moon.” > – OED 2nd edition > > > This is found in good visual quality in Vol 1, No 4, but on *page 74* in the article ["A Further Account,Touching Signor Campani's Book and Performances about Optick-Glasses (pp. 70-75)"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/101429) This is however preceded by at least Robert Hooke's book [*Micrographia,*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrographia) which was published in the same year, albeit already in January, and as per imprint was ordered into printing on November 23. 1664: > > [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZN3BR.jpg) > > [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Tc6Xn.jpg) > > This will seem much more consonant to the rest of the secundary Planets; for the highest of Jupiter's Moons is between twenty and thirty Jovial Semidiameters distant from the Center of Jupiter; and the Moons of Saturn much about the same number of Saturnial Semidiameters from the Center of that Planet. (p240) > > — Robert Hooke: "Micrographia", January 1665. ([archive.org](https://archive.org/details/b30326370)) > > > Since the earliest pamphlet by Huygens was also sent to England (as in the Hartlib-source link above), where it might have been translated and shown around early, and surely discussed in the local tongue, and both the Philosophical Transactions as well as Hooke use it without much explanation: an even earlier date seems quite likely for a direct usage of 'moons' in this sense in English.

A publication from 1665, [Philosophical Transactions](https://books.google.com/books?id=4u2DURXGT-IC&pg=PA72&dq=moons%20satellites%20%20jupiter&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwik7-WEsK7tAhXNop4KHd16DnIQuwUwAXoECAIQBg#v=onepage&q=moons%20satellites%20%20jupiter&f=true), in an article which tosses about names like [Huygens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens) and [Cassini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Cassini), has a discussion concerning a publication by [Giuseppe Campani.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Campani) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/I3utf.jpg) This article discusses the similarity between Earth's moon and the satellites observed around Saturn and Jupiter, including a transition in terminology in the middle of the paragraph: > > no longer doubt can be made of the turning of these 4 ***Satellites, or > Moons*** about Jupiter, as our Moon turns about the Earth. > > > If these observations were those of Campani, his work might hold your Latin root. Regardless you can at least narrow your answer to on or before Monday, June 5, 1665.

I'd like to see the number of visitors on a specific page (for which I have URL). I don't find in Analytics where to enter a URL in order to look for statistics for this specific page.

2013/10/21

Go to Behavior > Site Content > All Pages and put your URI into the search box.

As Blexy already [answered](https://stackoverflow.com/a/19502866/1476885), go to "Behavior > Site Content > All Pages". Just pay attention that "Behavior" appears two times in the left sidebar and we need to click on the second option:            [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1pSaO.png)

I'd like to see the number of visitors on a specific page (for which I have URL). I don't find in Analytics where to enter a URL in order to look for statistics for this specific page.

2013/10/21

Go to Behavior > Site Content > All Pages and put your URI into the search box.

If you want to know the number of ***visitors*** (as is titled in the question) and not the number of ***pageviews***, then you'll need to create a custom report. Terminology ----------- --- Google Analytics has changed the terminology they use within the reports. Now, visits is named "[sessions](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2731565?hl=en)" and unique visitors is named "[users](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2992042?hl=en)." **User** - A unique person who has visited your website. Users may visit your website multiple times, and they will only be counted once. **Session** - The number of different times that a visitor came to your site. **Pageviews** - The total number of pages that a user has accessed. Creating a Custom Report ------------------------ --- 1. To create a custom report, click on the "Customization" item in the left navigation menu, and then click on "Custom Reports". [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/teFbr.jpg) 2. The "Create Custom Report" page will open. 3. Enter a name for your report. 4. In the "Metric Groups" section, enter either "Users" or "Sessions" depending on what information you want to collect (see *Terminology*, above). 5. In the "Dimension Drilldowns" section, enter "Page". 6. Under "Filters" enter the individual page (exact) or group of pages (using regex) that you would like to see the data for. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uXHBr.jpg) 7. Save the report and run it.

Consider the following statement: > > The king of France is bald. > > > We know that France does not currently have a king, so what is the truth value of this statement? If it is true, then its negation must be false, so the king of France is **not** bald is false, But when France does not have a king, does it make sense to determine the truth and falsity of this statement? What should be done with these types of statements?

2023/01/10

Insofar as this is not just a question about linguistics, the way this sort of issue is handled in mathematics is that to even use the word "the" to refer to a mathematical object is to make an implicit claim that that object both exists and is unique, e.g. when we speak of "*the* cyclic group of order $n$" and so forth. So there is an implicit existential quantifier there (one might render it more explicitly as "there exists a unique person who is king of France, and..."), and if the domain of discourse over which that quantifier ranges is empty (in this case, if France does not have a king) then the statement is false. One needs to be a bit careful about this in mathematics, though, because sometimes the implicit quantifier is a universal quantifier and then if the domain of discourse being quantified over is empty such statements are [vacuously true](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuous_truth).

(Updated screenshot from proof checker) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/vUyI7.png) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6FKEd.png)

I create PDF files from my Adobe Illustrator files by saving as. I would prefer it to create the pdf file and retain the AI file but sometimes it converts the ai file to a pdf. Not all the time, only sometimes. Why is this? Is there a way to create PDF files without having it convert your current artboard to a PDF file.

2016/04/05

When you Save As, it may "replace" your file in Illustrator but your original file will still exist (and you can open it back up). So if your file is AI and you save as PDF the AI file will still exist. You can always use "Save A Copy..." instead if you prefer to keep the original open while saving the other format. Here's a recording I did showing the issue and then showing using "Save A Copy..." [http://i.imgur.com/242rdFC.gifv](https://i.imgur.com/242rdFC.gifv)

You may need to save/name it in different format one for viewing .pdf type & another for editing .ai type. Hope this helps. Thanks

I would like to change the image next to the search box to a styled input button. Do I need to create a new delegate control to do this? Can I do this with css, if so how? This is the standard search UI  This is the desired css button look 

2011/04/20

The image is rendered using an tag which you cannot modify using just CSS. You could either * A - Use some jQuery to modify the HTML for the searchbox. You can target the srch-gosearchimg CSS class to modify the image tag and point it to another source image. * B - Use a delegate control to replace the entire searchbox My vote usually goes for option B since I don't like messing with a non-standardized HTML layout that jQuery uses. E.g. if a service pack is installed which changes the default searchbox then it'll blow your jquery out of the water. For option B you do need to have server access. For option A you do not since you can include jQuery using a content editor part or in the masterpage using SharePoint Designer.

I don't think this quite answered the original question. The author asked how to change the OOB image and script click event, with a styled INPUT TYPE=BUTTON. The options/suggestions given relied on simply changing the image and not the actual markup rendered by the SearchBoxEx control (which is the underlying SP server control rendered by the SmallSearchInputBox delegate control). Ideally, you would want to completely remove the delegate control from the PlaceHolderSearchArea, and just include simple HTML markup for the INPUT text and INPUT button with the appropriate CSS classes. But if you did this, you would need to also provide the behavior for the button click/post. You can just wrap these input elements with a form tag (NOT runat server), and set the action URL to the path of the search results page, and make sure that the name of the text box control is the name of the querystring parameter expected by the search results page. WARNING: by doing this you will lose the builtin functionality that the SearchBoxEX control gets of "understanding" the configured search settings at the site collection (e.g. the search results page location, scopes, etc). For public Internet site, this may not be as crucial since you want lean, controlled markup, and you likely already created a custom search results page, instead of the OOB experience, so you know the URL path users are taken for search results. For Intranet/Portal sites, this might not be the desired approach since you might want the richer Search experience with the search controls being connected to SP search know-how. In this case, you might look into writing code to extend the SearchBoxEx control and override the OnRender event of the control to provide your own HTML while still leveraging the server-side properties and search functionality from SharePoint. Then you can deploy this as a feature that injects your custom control in the SmallSearchInputBox delegate, with a higher precedence number to replace the OOB SearchBoxEx. HTH

I would like to change the image next to the search box to a styled input button. Do I need to create a new delegate control to do this? Can I do this with css, if so how? This is the standard search UI  This is the desired css button look 

2011/04/20

The image is rendered using an tag which you cannot modify using just CSS. You could either * A - Use some jQuery to modify the HTML for the searchbox. You can target the srch-gosearchimg CSS class to modify the image tag and point it to another source image. * B - Use a delegate control to replace the entire searchbox My vote usually goes for option B since I don't like messing with a non-standardized HTML layout that jQuery uses. E.g. if a service pack is installed which changes the default searchbox then it'll blow your jquery out of the water. For option B you do need to have server access. For option A you do not since you can include jQuery using a content editor part or in the masterpage using SharePoint Designer.

Just throwing this into the discussion... Erik Swenson did 2 great blog posts regarding how to change the way the OOTB search box looks like: <http://erikswenson.blogspot.com/2011/02/sharepoint-2010-large-search-box-scopes.html> and <http://erikswenson.blogspot.com/2011/02/sharepoint-2010-large-search-box.html> Seems to me that reusing the default control and changing the default image/ icon via css would be the easiest solution? Greg

How do I check for remaining days of Remote Desktop Services grace period if the server is also a Domain Controller (so I cannot logon as local admin)?

2012/04/10

I've discovered this is an error due to PLESK (and the user), and because there isn't much documentation on it, I think this post is worth keeping. Because I had the vhost domain of the email address I was sending to established in PLESK, it tried to revert to a local Postfix search when it recognized the tail end of the email address as something it thought was hosted on the server itself. There is documentation on how to fix this in the PostFix configuration file [here](http://www.luketarplin.com/blog/fixing-postfix-plesk-configuration-problem). I appreciate everyone's efforts.

I had this issue too. Any email being sent to my company domain was being sent locally. This is (I believe) because in Plesk (yes it's a Plesk issue). So basically it's going oh soandso@company.com is the registered user lets send any @company.com emails locally or something like that. Anyway, I have had to fix this twice now and I did it by editing the /etc/postfix/main.cf file and commenting out the lines that started with "virtual". See <http://www.rcneil.com/postfix-local-loop-in-plesk/> for instructions on how to fix the issue

Does anyone make a single fiber cwdm 10g sfp or xfp that will do 10g over a single fiber using a single 1510nm wavelength?

2015/09/18

Single fiber **and** single wavelength are **fundamentally incompatible.** You either need two fibers (send at each end connected to receive at the other end) and one wavelength is fine, or you need two different wavelengths so that data can travel both ways over the same fiber without conflict. 10Gb does not include a half-duplex option, which would be the only other way to get one fiber and one wavelength (and half the speed, or less than half the speed.) "CWDM" means **C**oarse **W**avelength **D**ivision **M**ultiplexing" and is another way of saying "not one wavelength" and the "coarse" part also says "wavelengths that are not terribly close to each other" such as 1490/1510, 1310/1490, etc... Dense WDM (DWDM) implies wavelengths that are much closer to each other.

As Ecnerwal states, you can't transmit signal with the same wavelength in both directions. I'm pretty sure you know how one-eyed SFPs work, but here (<http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.pdf>) you can find a diagram explaining it on page 3. If you are planing yo use single fiber SFPs/XFPs, your CWDM muxes should support them. ( like this one <http://www.pandacomdirekt.com/en/products/wdm/passive-multiplexer/cwdm-multiplexer/48-channel-single-fiber.html>)

Does anyone make a single fiber cwdm 10g sfp or xfp that will do 10g over a single fiber using a single 1510nm wavelength?

2015/09/18

Single fiber **and** single wavelength are **fundamentally incompatible.** You either need two fibers (send at each end connected to receive at the other end) and one wavelength is fine, or you need two different wavelengths so that data can travel both ways over the same fiber without conflict. 10Gb does not include a half-duplex option, which would be the only other way to get one fiber and one wavelength (and half the speed, or less than half the speed.) "CWDM" means **C**oarse **W**avelength **D**ivision **M**ultiplexing" and is another way of saying "not one wavelength" and the "coarse" part also says "wavelengths that are not terribly close to each other" such as 1490/1510, 1310/1490, etc... Dense WDM (DWDM) implies wavelengths that are much closer to each other.

Single Fiber, Single Wavelength,CWDM Transceivers have been commercially available for years, some with built-in Micro-OTDR Fast Fiber Fault Finder technology, but so far only for 1 Gbps to 3 Gbps applications.

Does anyone make a single fiber cwdm 10g sfp or xfp that will do 10g over a single fiber using a single 1510nm wavelength?

2015/09/18

Single fiber **and** single wavelength are **fundamentally incompatible.** You either need two fibers (send at each end connected to receive at the other end) and one wavelength is fine, or you need two different wavelengths so that data can travel both ways over the same fiber without conflict. 10Gb does not include a half-duplex option, which would be the only other way to get one fiber and one wavelength (and half the speed, or less than half the speed.) "CWDM" means **C**oarse **W**avelength **D**ivision **M**ultiplexing" and is another way of saying "not one wavelength" and the "coarse" part also says "wavelengths that are not terribly close to each other" such as 1490/1510, 1310/1490, etc... Dense WDM (DWDM) implies wavelengths that are much closer to each other.

They're called BiDi optical transceivers. [I see some](http://connect.physicsworld.com/sfp-plus-10gsrlrmlrerzrcwdmdwdmbidi-transceivers/2003609.article) 1270nm / 1330nm Bi-Directional 40km Single Mode but I don't see any 1510nm. ### [Cisco SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I (for 40Km Single-Fiber Bidirectional Applications)](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.html) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pRm7A.jpg) The Cisco SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I SFPs operate on a single strand of standard SMF. A SFP-10G-BX40D-I device is always connected to a SFP-10G-BX40U-I device with a single strand of standard SMF with an operating transmission range up to 40 km. The communication over a single strand of fiber is achieved by separating the transmission wavelength of the two devices. SFP-10G-BX40D-I transmits a 1330-nm channel and receives a 1270-nm signal. The SFP-10G-BX40U-I transmits at a 1270-nm wavelength and receives a 1330-nm signal. The SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I SFPs support digital optical monitoring (DOM) functions according to the industry-standard SFF-8472 multisource agreement (MSA). This feature gives the end user the ability to monitor real-time parameters of the SFP, such as optical output power, optical input power, temperature, laser bias current, and transceiver supply voltage.

Does anyone make a single fiber cwdm 10g sfp or xfp that will do 10g over a single fiber using a single 1510nm wavelength?

2015/09/18

They're called BiDi optical transceivers. [I see some](http://connect.physicsworld.com/sfp-plus-10gsrlrmlrerzrcwdmdwdmbidi-transceivers/2003609.article) 1270nm / 1330nm Bi-Directional 40km Single Mode but I don't see any 1510nm. ### [Cisco SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I (for 40Km Single-Fiber Bidirectional Applications)](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.html) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pRm7A.jpg) The Cisco SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I SFPs operate on a single strand of standard SMF. A SFP-10G-BX40D-I device is always connected to a SFP-10G-BX40U-I device with a single strand of standard SMF with an operating transmission range up to 40 km. The communication over a single strand of fiber is achieved by separating the transmission wavelength of the two devices. SFP-10G-BX40D-I transmits a 1330-nm channel and receives a 1270-nm signal. The SFP-10G-BX40U-I transmits at a 1270-nm wavelength and receives a 1330-nm signal. The SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I SFPs support digital optical monitoring (DOM) functions according to the industry-standard SFF-8472 multisource agreement (MSA). This feature gives the end user the ability to monitor real-time parameters of the SFP, such as optical output power, optical input power, temperature, laser bias current, and transceiver supply voltage.

As Ecnerwal states, you can't transmit signal with the same wavelength in both directions. I'm pretty sure you know how one-eyed SFPs work, but here (<http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.pdf>) you can find a diagram explaining it on page 3. If you are planing yo use single fiber SFPs/XFPs, your CWDM muxes should support them. ( like this one <http://www.pandacomdirekt.com/en/products/wdm/passive-multiplexer/cwdm-multiplexer/48-channel-single-fiber.html>)

Does anyone make a single fiber cwdm 10g sfp or xfp that will do 10g over a single fiber using a single 1510nm wavelength?

2015/09/18

They're called BiDi optical transceivers. [I see some](http://connect.physicsworld.com/sfp-plus-10gsrlrmlrerzrcwdmdwdmbidi-transceivers/2003609.article) 1270nm / 1330nm Bi-Directional 40km Single Mode but I don't see any 1510nm. ### [Cisco SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I (for 40Km Single-Fiber Bidirectional Applications)](http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/interfaces-modules/transceiver-modules/data_sheet_c78-455693.html) [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pRm7A.jpg) The Cisco SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I SFPs operate on a single strand of standard SMF. A SFP-10G-BX40D-I device is always connected to a SFP-10G-BX40U-I device with a single strand of standard SMF with an operating transmission range up to 40 km. The communication over a single strand of fiber is achieved by separating the transmission wavelength of the two devices. SFP-10G-BX40D-I transmits a 1330-nm channel and receives a 1270-nm signal. The SFP-10G-BX40U-I transmits at a 1270-nm wavelength and receives a 1330-nm signal. The SFP-10G-BX40D-I and SFP-10G-BX40U-I SFPs support digital optical monitoring (DOM) functions according to the industry-standard SFF-8472 multisource agreement (MSA). This feature gives the end user the ability to monitor real-time parameters of the SFP, such as optical output power, optical input power, temperature, laser bias current, and transceiver supply voltage.

Single Fiber, Single Wavelength,CWDM Transceivers have been commercially available for years, some with built-in Micro-OTDR Fast Fiber Fault Finder technology, but so far only for 1 Gbps to 3 Gbps applications.

One may find this question a duplicate, but my search through CrossValidated did not give satisfactory result. So I am posting this question and explaining what I want. I need a book such that if one studies it - one knows he has no "white spots" in basic stats. On modern probability, in my opinion, the book of Olav Kallenberg (2nd edition) is such a book. It is also well composed and written. There are few other books getting close to it, but (in my opinion) they are worse. There is huge number of books on stats and whenever I need to look up for something or recall something I never know which one to chose. So I just need one book in which I can look up for answers to basic (and "advanced") questions on any standard topic.

2015/03/14

Presumably the person who asked this question is long gone, but for future reference I will mention a book here. Note: I have not read this book. *Theoretical Statistics: Topics for a Core Course*, by Robert W. Keener. Amazon: [link.](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/B00DGER7WG) I quote the last three lines of the review by Amazon user Der Boandlkramer: > > This book is in a class by itself! > > > Its natural companion (and prerequisite, to some extent) textbook on > probability is the monumental "Foundations of Modern Probability," by > Olav Kallenberg. > > > For whatever it's worth, Keener's book is used at UCLA (STAT 200B).

Peter Bickel and Kjell Doksum wrote *Mathematical Statistics* [*Volume 1*](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1498723802) and [*Volume 2.*](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1498722687) The two books form a comprehensive guide to modern (frequentist) statistical methods at a level of mathematical sophistication similar to Kallenberg.

I have handed in my resignation to a Dutch company which I am currently working for, however, I misunderstood the contractual notice period. In the contract it says I must provide "one calendar month" of notice. I took this to mean that if I hand in my notice on the 20th of April, I would continue to work until the 20th of May. Unfortunately this is incorrect in the Netherlands. What it actually means is that I need to work a full month from start to finish after I give in my notice. Ie I need to work until the 31st of May. This sort of still works with my next job but just barely. I had hoped to be able to fly back to my home country and spend some time with my family, who I have been separated from during covid, before starting my new job. I have 15 days of holiday stored up and I want to leverage them to shorten my leaving period. Is the company allowed to deny my use of those holidays during the leaving period? Typically the company does want to have a lot of notice from it's employees in regards to the use of their holidays in general, but I don't know in what capacity the company is allowed to outright deny holidays on short notice? As another twist, June 1st will be the anniversary of when I joined the company. In the Netherlands, your accrued legal vacation days will expire 6 months after the last day of the year in which they were accrued. I'm not sure if that changes anything, but if the company didn't allow me to take those holidays, which I am entitled to, I would otherwise lose them.

2021/04/26

You won't lose your vacation days. You must take your required minimal number of yearly vacation days within 6 months (so, before *July* 1), which, for a 40 hour/week contract is 20 vacation days. (For vacation days above legal, it depends on the company; for the company I work for, that's 5 years). But that's irrelevant for your case, as you're leaving before that. You can still take vacation days during your notification period -- in fact, it's extremely common for people to take their left over vacation days at the end of the notification period. You still need to follow the normal procedure at your work to take them. A company cannot deny your taking your vacation days purely because it's your notification period, but it can for the same reasons it can otherwise. If you have vacation days left over at the end of the contract, the normal procedure is that you get paid for them. (So, if you have 5 days of vacation not taken, you'd get paid for another 5 days (just less of a quarter of a monthly salary)).

> > Is the company allowed to deny my use of those holidays during the leaving period? > > > No. See for example: <https://www.legalexpatdesk.nl/holidays/> However that doesn't mean they won't try anyway and the key question for you is "What to do if they deny it ". 1. Read through your employee handbook and your corporate policies. Make sure you understand all the rules that governs that . 2. Read up on the legal framework in the Netherlands. Google is your friend. If you are not comfortable doing this, spend some money on an employment lawyer to understand the rules and what your options are. 3. Then have a "friendly" conversation with the company. State what you want and ask what their specific concerns are. Listen carefully and stay open-minded. Maybe it's something that can easily addressed with a mutual agreeable work around (documentation, shift coverage, project coverage, etc.) 4. If that doesn't help, you need to get more assertive. If applicable, bring up the corporate policies and state that you really don't want to violate those (which they can't argue with). State that it's very important to you to take this holiday and that a solution needs to be found. 5. Save the legal aspect as a means of last resort if anything else has failed and there is no way left to find collaborative solution. You can just go and take your vacation but I would put the details (dates and legal justification) into a certified letter and sent it up front to the company so you have your bases covered in case they fight back. A lawyer can help with this as well.

[I asked this question here](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/197833/find-recommended-system-requirements-for-all-owned-games) about trying to locate a summary of hardware requirements for all of my steam games. It eventually got closed as a recommendation question. I don't feel that I'm looking for any hardware or software recommendations and I attempted to edit it to clarify that. I also tried to reach out to the close voters for their reasoning as well with no feedback. I'm new to this stack site but not to SE so I knew to go over the help center a few times before and after posting. Did I miss something that would make the question off topic?

2015/01/01

IMO, No - It shouldn't have been closed. (It's not off-topic) ------------------------------------------------------------- *I have no idea why it was voted to be closed for "recommendations", even though it's a question about finding information; basically what the developer recommends using.* Your question was (in my words): > > **How do I find the recommended computer specifications for all the games I own?** > > *And then compile all of them into a single file for me to read to just to make sure it was compatable with my laptop.* > > > --- Following the FAQ: > > ... If your question generally covers things such as … > > > * Gameplay strategies and tactics **No** > * Puzzle solving or obstacle clearing **No** > * Game mechanics and terminology **No** > * Plot and characters in games **No** > * Game-specific hardware and utilities **Yes!** > > > So, that's allowed. And the second bit: > > Please note, however, that site policies *prohibit* questions of the following types: > > > * Game and Mod Development ([try the Game Development Stack Exchange](https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/) instead) **No** > * Requests for game identification based on personal recollection alone **No** > * Catalogues (listing games that fit specific criteria or are like an existing game) **No** > * Shopping advice and recommendations **No** > * Speculation of the future of the industry and of upcoming releases **No** > * Piracy, and support with pirated games. **No** > > > Also in the clear.

It was completely on-topic. Your question was not a recommendation, it was: > > Can Steam do this thing? If so, how? > > > Questions about using Steam are completely on-topic here (it's gaming related). Unfortunately, casually skimming the question and the title does give the impression that you're looking for a list online. Once one person doesn't bother reading the question before voting to close, it ends up on the close review queue, where people are even less likely to read it.

A few minutes ago, a [question about *"double compilation"*](https://stackoverflow.com/q/24965167/2344584) was posted. The OP read an article claiming that passing an already compiled executable through GCC for a second time results in a 2x speed boost and asked how that was possible. Double compilation is clearly impossible and the article is likely to be a hoax. But I realize that it might not be obvious to newbies, so I am uncertain whether: 1. I should vote to close the question as off-topic for SO 2. the question should be left open for people to learn about the hoax. So, should I vote to close the question or leave it open?

2014/07/25

If such an article actually *exists*, then you should probably answer the question and point out why it's bunk (assuming it is). If the article *doesn't* exist, then it's not a real question. Either close it as unclear and note that such an article should be linked to / cited so that folks can effectively answer the question, or close it as off-topic and write in something about pulling the one with bells on it.

Whether or not the article exists the hoax/mistake is circulating. Otherwise the person asking the question would not have heard it. It's worth debunking such obviously false claims, whether backed by an article or not...as we don't know how far the false information may have spread. (Obviously something as ludicrous as that would not spread far as anyone who knows anything about how compilers work would be able to immediately spot it as false but other invalid claims are far more reasonable on the surface).

A few minutes ago, a [question about *"double compilation"*](https://stackoverflow.com/q/24965167/2344584) was posted. The OP read an article claiming that passing an already compiled executable through GCC for a second time results in a 2x speed boost and asked how that was possible. Double compilation is clearly impossible and the article is likely to be a hoax. But I realize that it might not be obvious to newbies, so I am uncertain whether: 1. I should vote to close the question as off-topic for SO 2. the question should be left open for people to learn about the hoax. So, should I vote to close the question or leave it open?

2014/07/25

If such an article actually *exists*, then you should probably answer the question and point out why it's bunk (assuming it is). If the article *doesn't* exist, then it's not a real question. Either close it as unclear and note that such an article should be linked to / cited so that folks can effectively answer the question, or close it as off-topic and write in something about pulling the one with bells on it.

It's a similar case to [Which is faster: while(1) or while(2)?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24848359/which-is-faster-while1-or-while2) Such questions should exist on SO, just to provide the reference to the future visitors that it's a hoax. A hoax must be demented publicly, because otherwise anyone googling for that hoax would find only the sites that "prove" it. It's not hard to believe, even for an advanced programmer, that some tool may give better result when run second time. Unfortunately, the tools that give the other output each time they are run, or even are unable to run correctly at the first time, are getting more and more the normality.

A few minutes ago, a [question about *"double compilation"*](https://stackoverflow.com/q/24965167/2344584) was posted. The OP read an article claiming that passing an already compiled executable through GCC for a second time results in a 2x speed boost and asked how that was possible. Double compilation is clearly impossible and the article is likely to be a hoax. But I realize that it might not be obvious to newbies, so I am uncertain whether: 1. I should vote to close the question as off-topic for SO 2. the question should be left open for people to learn about the hoax. So, should I vote to close the question or leave it open?

2014/07/25

Whether or not the article exists the hoax/mistake is circulating. Otherwise the person asking the question would not have heard it. It's worth debunking such obviously false claims, whether backed by an article or not...as we don't know how far the false information may have spread. (Obviously something as ludicrous as that would not spread far as anyone who knows anything about how compilers work would be able to immediately spot it as false but other invalid claims are far more reasonable on the surface).

It's a similar case to [Which is faster: while(1) or while(2)?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24848359/which-is-faster-while1-or-while2) Such questions should exist on SO, just to provide the reference to the future visitors that it's a hoax. A hoax must be demented publicly, because otherwise anyone googling for that hoax would find only the sites that "prove" it. It's not hard to believe, even for an advanced programmer, that some tool may give better result when run second time. Unfortunately, the tools that give the other output each time they are run, or even are unable to run correctly at the first time, are getting more and more the normality.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

One I don't see here yet - because the source code has value in itself, separate from the application as a whole. If you have useful libraries that you've written, you're likely to use them even in projects that you intend to give away. That doesn't mean you're willing to give that library source code away. And without those libraries, the rest of the source code is probably worthless. If you give away library source code that you've developed over a period of years, you're giving a competitive advantage away - very likely to your competitors. One thing that I think is often relevant, though - that code probably includes libraries that have had time, effort and even emotions invested in them over a period of years. It would be like inviting thousands of people to read our diaries.

Despite the general bad idea that security-through-obscurity is, in the malware removal field, its a constant cat and mouse game between those of us who write analysis/removal tools, and those writing cleverer and cleverer malware. Sometimes we release a tool freely to users to use, but try to obfuscate the tool's operation in order to make it more difficult for malware authors to defeat the defeat tool :) This is obviously atypical for most software, but it's something I see all the time.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

One of my favorite productivity tools is freeware. I asked the author about the source one time, and he said he couldn't release it because it contains a lot of proprietary code that belongs to his employer. So I suppose that his employer doesn't mind it being used in a free tool, but that it's also being used in their commercial products and they don't want to give away the code to it.

One I don't see here yet - because the source code has value in itself, separate from the application as a whole. If you have useful libraries that you've written, you're likely to use them even in projects that you intend to give away. That doesn't mean you're willing to give that library source code away. And without those libraries, the rest of the source code is probably worthless. If you give away library source code that you've developed over a period of years, you're giving a competitive advantage away - very likely to your competitors. One thing that I think is often relevant, though - that code probably includes libraries that have had time, effort and even emotions invested in them over a period of years. It would be like inviting thousands of people to read our diaries.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

One of my favorite productivity tools is freeware. I asked the author about the source one time, and he said he couldn't release it because it contains a lot of proprietary code that belongs to his employer. So I suppose that his employer doesn't mind it being used in a free tool, but that it's also being used in their commercial products and they don't want to give away the code to it.

I have several freeware apps for which I wont provide source code. The main reason is because they share large amounts of code with commercial applications. Consider something like a document viewer... that still needs the rendering system of its commercial cousin, a document creator. Another reason is some of the apps also use non-open sourced 3rd party components.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

There have been 2 great answers so far but here are my reasons that I can see: 1. It is more trouble than it is worth. 2. They use the freemium model 3. Don't feel they should For #1, if the product is free and the person isn't seeing any profits from it, they may not feel like having to deal with hosting the source code and making sure that they update it whenever they make changes. Now, I know that it isn't that big of a hassel but who knows, it may be big enough to discourage some For #2, if they use a freemium model, then releasing source will basically allow people to add in the features that they charge for and cost the developer money. For #3, I think that it has been a tradition (of sorts) for Windows programs not to be open source (no facts to back me up so I could be wrong). Windows has been a closed-source platform so it isn't expected to release source for something that is free. The original question doesn't specifically mention Windows, but that is where I see the majority of free but not open source software.

Despite the general bad idea that security-through-obscurity is, in the malware removal field, its a constant cat and mouse game between those of us who write analysis/removal tools, and those writing cleverer and cleverer malware. Sometimes we release a tool freely to users to use, but try to obfuscate the tool's operation in order to make it more difficult for malware authors to defeat the defeat tool :) This is obviously atypical for most software, but it's something I see all the time.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

Hmm, what comes to my mind is * Because you want to retain some measure of control over the product * Because you want to reserve the possibility / right to charge for the product in the future * Because you're ashamed of your source code * Because you want to make sure you are credited for the product, and it doesn't get stolen and re-used in other projects (of which there is always a risk when you publish the code)

I provide open source code as sort of a community service idea, and as a portfolio idea. If I was selling software directly - I don't, I'm employed in a position where the company sells the product, not me - I would *more* than happy to sell my software as closed source. Allowing competitors to look over my code and reduce my competitive advantage is not in my best interest, as a rule. Put another way, I do not consider releasing software as open source to be a moral imperative.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

I have several freeware apps for which I wont provide source code. The main reason is because they share large amounts of code with commercial applications. Consider something like a document viewer... that still needs the rendering system of its commercial cousin, a document creator. Another reason is some of the apps also use non-open sourced 3rd party components.

Despite the general bad idea that security-through-obscurity is, in the malware removal field, its a constant cat and mouse game between those of us who write analysis/removal tools, and those writing cleverer and cleverer malware. Sometimes we release a tool freely to users to use, but try to obfuscate the tool's operation in order to make it more difficult for malware authors to defeat the defeat tool :) This is obviously atypical for most software, but it's something I see all the time.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

One I don't see here yet - because the source code has value in itself, separate from the application as a whole. If you have useful libraries that you've written, you're likely to use them even in projects that you intend to give away. That doesn't mean you're willing to give that library source code away. And without those libraries, the rest of the source code is probably worthless. If you give away library source code that you've developed over a period of years, you're giving a competitive advantage away - very likely to your competitors. One thing that I think is often relevant, though - that code probably includes libraries that have had time, effort and even emotions invested in them over a period of years. It would be like inviting thousands of people to read our diaries.

I have several freeware apps for which I wont provide source code. The main reason is because they share large amounts of code with commercial applications. Consider something like a document viewer... that still needs the rendering system of its commercial cousin, a document creator. Another reason is some of the apps also use non-open sourced 3rd party components.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

One of my favorite productivity tools is freeware. I asked the author about the source one time, and he said he couldn't release it because it contains a lot of proprietary code that belongs to his employer. So I suppose that his employer doesn't mind it being used in a free tool, but that it's also being used in their commercial products and they don't want to give away the code to it.

There have been 2 great answers so far but here are my reasons that I can see: 1. It is more trouble than it is worth. 2. They use the freemium model 3. Don't feel they should For #1, if the product is free and the person isn't seeing any profits from it, they may not feel like having to deal with hosting the source code and making sure that they update it whenever they make changes. Now, I know that it isn't that big of a hassel but who knows, it may be big enough to discourage some For #2, if they use a freemium model, then releasing source will basically allow people to add in the features that they charge for and cost the developer money. For #3, I think that it has been a tradition (of sorts) for Windows programs not to be open source (no facts to back me up so I could be wrong). Windows has been a closed-source platform so it isn't expected to release source for something that is free. The original question doesn't specifically mention Windows, but that is where I see the majority of free but not open source software.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

One I don't see here yet - because the source code has value in itself, separate from the application as a whole. If you have useful libraries that you've written, you're likely to use them even in projects that you intend to give away. That doesn't mean you're willing to give that library source code away. And without those libraries, the rest of the source code is probably worthless. If you give away library source code that you've developed over a period of years, you're giving a competitive advantage away - very likely to your competitors. One thing that I think is often relevant, though - that code probably includes libraries that have had time, effort and even emotions invested in them over a period of years. It would be like inviting thousands of people to read our diaries.

I provide open source code as sort of a community service idea, and as a portfolio idea. If I was selling software directly - I don't, I'm employed in a position where the company sells the product, not me - I would *more* than happy to sell my software as closed source. Allowing competitors to look over my code and reduce my competitive advantage is not in my best interest, as a rule. Put another way, I do not consider releasing software as open source to be a moral imperative.

I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?

2011/02/18

I provide open source code as sort of a community service idea, and as a portfolio idea. If I was selling software directly - I don't, I'm employed in a position where the company sells the product, not me - I would *more* than happy to sell my software as closed source. Allowing competitors to look over my code and reduce my competitive advantage is not in my best interest, as a rule. Put another way, I do not consider releasing software as open source to be a moral imperative.

Despite the general bad idea that security-through-obscurity is, in the malware removal field, its a constant cat and mouse game between those of us who write analysis/removal tools, and those writing cleverer and cleverer malware. Sometimes we release a tool freely to users to use, but try to obfuscate the tool's operation in order to make it more difficult for malware authors to defeat the defeat tool :) This is obviously atypical for most software, but it's something I see all the time.

I am making a donation page in wordpress using civicrm (latest version for wordpress). For someone who comes to the page for the first time I would like to give them the option of signing up for a newsletter. The issue is that at this stage they have not signed up yet so they are not in the database. I have a profile attached to the bottom of the donation page to allow them to put in their details. Another issue with the search bar is it allow you to find anyones email address just by searching for their name which is also not what I want. I was wondering how to remove this search bar asking to select someone else. I would prefer for it to go to an anonymous form that doesn't let you search for contacts. See picture below of the yellow bar containing the form. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EEKMJ.png)

2017/02/22

I have a fully working donation page set up in civicrm where: * there is a Financial Type "Donations" set up in Administer/civicontribute/financial type. * Financial Type is set up in the relevant Contribution Page as "Donations". * A Profile is attached to the contribution page that collects information in fields such as first name, last name and email address The settings in the profile are set to 'Used For' standalone form or directory. 'Search views' are switched off. Advance settings include "Wordpress User account required". I assume that you have a log in facility set up in the CMS Wordpress and that you have switched on 'Anyone can register' in Wordpress/Settings/General. When a user completes your form, they should then get registered in both Wordpress and CiviCRM. You may be seeing the Search Bar only because you are personally logged in as Admin. Try looking at the contribution page when not logged in and see what shows. Hope this helps!

The answer peterb gives is correct. One other possible reason you're seeing this is because the URL you're using has "&cid=0" at the end, which is a special parameter meant to cause the behavior you're seeing. Try removing that parameter if it exists AND accessing the page while not logged in; that should fix you up.

For example: [](https://i.imgur.com/YnInEl3.gif) My explanation of what's happening in the gif: When a title has been hovered for a short amount of time, that title expands, pushing other content off the screen and grabbing the user's attention. I've read that taking actions on hover is not desirable, rather only take action when the user takes explicit action (such as a click). Is that a principle and would it apply in this case?

2015/07/05

As always it depends. The reason it's not a best practice is because a hover state can be attained in multiple unintended ways, including scrolling as in the example you listed. In the case of Netflix, they undoubtedly knew the consequences. That's likely why the hover state has such a short timer before activating, as well as why each tile only expands slightly. That way users get additional information on hover without significantly increasing the error rate (through bad accidental clicks). Furthermore, I'd postulate that Netflix wouldn't mind if users made an error too much. They might find a show/movie they want to watch. The company's model already has users paying before using the service and no one will seriously leave because they accidentally started playing the wrong content. Is it an intended "happy accident"? Probably not, but I wouldn't doubt that if Netflix were to attempt to do so, they would have a mechanism to track how often that happens, along with the rate of continued viewing.

Dark patterns FTW? ================== The problem with moving things around on hover is that the targets jump. This isn't really a problem for the item being expanded. As Jamezrp pointed out, that may be intentional. Maybe Netflix is using a dark pattern to try to increase engagement. I say *dark* because it's not an ideal interaction, but Netflix may have found the "negative" side effect to work in their or their users' favor. Rule of thumb ============= In general, you don't want to do this kind of expansion because it creates a certain amount of disorientation. If the thing being expanded (intentionally or not) is just one option among many in the user's consideration set, then they'll have to stumble a bit if they decide to try another option before committing to the click. A better option =============== If you're tempted to use a hover pattern (or it's tap equivalent in a touch UI) to provide expanded info, there is a better way. Rather than distorting the whole environment, just change the state of the item in question. In the Netflix example, the additional info could simply be layered over the cover image without any expansion. The cover attracted attention and now it becomes simply a backdrop. So this ... [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0npk6.png) Becomes this ... [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hJmmb.png)

For example: [](https://i.imgur.com/YnInEl3.gif) My explanation of what's happening in the gif: When a title has been hovered for a short amount of time, that title expands, pushing other content off the screen and grabbing the user's attention. I've read that taking actions on hover is not desirable, rather only take action when the user takes explicit action (such as a click). Is that a principle and would it apply in this case?

2015/07/05

Is hover the *only* way you can find out that information? Would someone on a tablet, or someone using keyboard without a mouse be able to find that full information without having to select that item fully? If hover is just one way to display it - an enhancement, so to speak - then it is OK. But if you *have* to use your mouse and hover over the item in order to find out the details, or you have to actually select and start watching the film before you get those details, then no, it isn't OK. Never penalise people who can't / don't use a mouse. Use hover for enhancements, but never for *the way*.

Dark patterns FTW? ================== The problem with moving things around on hover is that the targets jump. This isn't really a problem for the item being expanded. As Jamezrp pointed out, that may be intentional. Maybe Netflix is using a dark pattern to try to increase engagement. I say *dark* because it's not an ideal interaction, but Netflix may have found the "negative" side effect to work in their or their users' favor. Rule of thumb ============= In general, you don't want to do this kind of expansion because it creates a certain amount of disorientation. If the thing being expanded (intentionally or not) is just one option among many in the user's consideration set, then they'll have to stumble a bit if they decide to try another option before committing to the click. A better option =============== If you're tempted to use a hover pattern (or it's tap equivalent in a touch UI) to provide expanded info, there is a better way. Rather than distorting the whole environment, just change the state of the item in question. In the Netflix example, the additional info could simply be layered over the cover image without any expansion. The cover attracted attention and now it becomes simply a backdrop. So this ... [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/0npk6.png) Becomes this ... [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hJmmb.png)

We are doing UI screens for WPF application on Laptop But we are planing to give demo on 22"inch Monitor. Here Dimensions are getting changed when we see UI screens on 22"inch Monitor. How can I make same UI screen apperance on both Laptop and 22" inch Monitor? please help me here....

2012/06/11

Are you using an absolute layout, where specific X/Y/Height/Width is being defined for every control? If you use other types of layouts, they are more relative to window height/width and automatically handle these issues.

Wrap your entire application in the [Viewbox](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.windows.controls.viewbox.aspx) control. As long as you don't have rasterized images, nothing will look stretched.

First of all, I don't know if this kind of question is allowed here, so sorry if it isn't. I am looking for a 7400 series register which has common in and out pins (like for the RAM ou EEPROM: ) with a load signal and a store signal. I searched on Google but I didn't found anything (maybe my searches are wrong). Does it exist and if yes, what is its name/reference?

2017/09/07

After deeper research on the Wikipedia list of the 7400 series (<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_7400_series_integrated_circuits>), I found out the 74299 which has common in/out pins. I searched with the wrong keyword which should have been "bidirectionnal register".

There isn't a register that has common input and output pins, but you can certainly wire up a '373 or '374 (8-bit latch or register with tristate outputs) to achieve that functionality:  [simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f5UBPj.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)

I have just purchased a new CF card for my DSLR. I tested it using Xbench (Mac OS X) and it performs as expected. However, I'd like to do a "surface scan" (moving platter term) to check for "bad sectors" (moving platter term). I could bash script a processes using dd, but I get the feeling that there is a better way out there. My goal is to conclusively know that a memory card (CF, SD, etc.) is safe to use on a photo shoot, and that is doesn't need to be returned before the 30 day vendor policy window expires. I definitely want Mac solutions given here. I would also like to get a few Linux suggestions. Let's even throw a bone to the windows users just so that this one question can meet everyone's needs.

2010/11/27

As the controller can move the blocks wherever it wants (see wear leveling), the only chance for a whole read/write-test ist to fill the disk up and then compare. Several times with different patterns of course to be sure. And still you won't catch faulty regions, as they are hidden too by the controller as long as he has spares.

I found this on google, I'm not using sd cards for cameras' storage but instead I got my class 10 32 gigs sdhc sandisk completely corrupted after less then 2 years of use on my samsung galaxy S2. I am using badblocks to see where the first badblocks start and then I will make partitions around that area if possible. this is my current, very very bad solution :/

I have just purchased a new CF card for my DSLR. I tested it using Xbench (Mac OS X) and it performs as expected. However, I'd like to do a "surface scan" (moving platter term) to check for "bad sectors" (moving platter term). I could bash script a processes using dd, but I get the feeling that there is a better way out there. My goal is to conclusively know that a memory card (CF, SD, etc.) is safe to use on a photo shoot, and that is doesn't need to be returned before the 30 day vendor policy window expires. I definitely want Mac solutions given here. I would also like to get a few Linux suggestions. Let's even throw a bone to the windows users just so that this one question can meet everyone's needs.

2010/11/27

As the controller can move the blocks wherever it wants (see wear leveling), the only chance for a whole read/write-test ist to fill the disk up and then compare. Several times with different patterns of course to be sure. And still you won't catch faulty regions, as they are hidden too by the controller as long as he has spares.

Reading your comment below the question, I believe [F3](https://github.com/AltraMayor/f3) does exactly what you want. It compiles on Linux/Mac OS X and is also available via Homebrew.

I have just purchased a new CF card for my DSLR. I tested it using Xbench (Mac OS X) and it performs as expected. However, I'd like to do a "surface scan" (moving platter term) to check for "bad sectors" (moving platter term). I could bash script a processes using dd, but I get the feeling that there is a better way out there. My goal is to conclusively know that a memory card (CF, SD, etc.) is safe to use on a photo shoot, and that is doesn't need to be returned before the 30 day vendor policy window expires. I definitely want Mac solutions given here. I would also like to get a few Linux suggestions. Let's even throw a bone to the windows users just so that this one question can meet everyone's needs.

2010/11/27

Flash memory does not work the same way as disks with platters. The concept of a "bad sector" does not really exist with flash memory. These days, with flash memory and SSD's, the built-in controller takes care of identifying and marking off unusable blocks of memory, dynamically moving data around to mitigate block write limitations, etc. These features are far more prevalent in SSD's, but some also exist in quality flash cards (such as SanDisk). Most file system checking tools either make specific assumptions about the physical structure of the storage device (i.e. platter based, with physical cylinders, sectors, clusters, etc.), or work at an abstracted level and make repairs "virtually" using file or directory tables. You would need a tool specifically designed to mark bad blocks on a flash memory device, as anything else is either going to cause more problems (by assuming it can fix the problems the same way it would with a platter-based device) or make virtual fixes that don't take into account dynamic hardware-level features of flash. Even if you could mark a particular "sector" or "cluster" as 'bad', it wouldn't necessarily do any good, since those physical concepts don't actually exist in flash memory. If the flash device is more advanced, and dynamically moves data around to automatically bypass bad blocks and mitigate write limitations, the physical location of data may reside in a bad block one moment, and in a good block a moment later. (Note that the idea of a "bad" block in flash memory is much fuzzier than it is with platter disks...a flash memory block tends to die slowly, rather than suddenly, and may "flicker" between readable/not readable a bit before it becomes entirely unusable.) Generally speaking, when it comes to flash, let the device manage itself from a bad block perspective. Different manufacturers structure and store data in different ways, and each may have different levels and amounts of dynamic behavior that moves data around to avoid some of the limitations of flash memory. Trying to manage it yourself is likely to cause more problems than it solves, and may render your flash disks useless in the long run. If you wish to avoid bad flash cards, I highly recommend using reputable brands. I have tried a variety of flash cards in the past, however SanDisk is the only brand that I have used that, at least to date, has never failed. I have several 4, 8, and 16 gig SDHC cards that I use quite heavily, and regularly take out of my camera and insert into my laptop or computer, and they are still working perfectly. (Some are several years old.)

I found this on google, I'm not using sd cards for cameras' storage but instead I got my class 10 32 gigs sdhc sandisk completely corrupted after less then 2 years of use on my samsung galaxy S2. I am using badblocks to see where the first badblocks start and then I will make partitions around that area if possible. this is my current, very very bad solution :/

I have just purchased a new CF card for my DSLR. I tested it using Xbench (Mac OS X) and it performs as expected. However, I'd like to do a "surface scan" (moving platter term) to check for "bad sectors" (moving platter term). I could bash script a processes using dd, but I get the feeling that there is a better way out there. My goal is to conclusively know that a memory card (CF, SD, etc.) is safe to use on a photo shoot, and that is doesn't need to be returned before the 30 day vendor policy window expires. I definitely want Mac solutions given here. I would also like to get a few Linux suggestions. Let's even throw a bone to the windows users just so that this one question can meet everyone's needs.

2010/11/27

Flash memory does not work the same way as disks with platters. The concept of a "bad sector" does not really exist with flash memory. These days, with flash memory and SSD's, the built-in controller takes care of identifying and marking off unusable blocks of memory, dynamically moving data around to mitigate block write limitations, etc. These features are far more prevalent in SSD's, but some also exist in quality flash cards (such as SanDisk). Most file system checking tools either make specific assumptions about the physical structure of the storage device (i.e. platter based, with physical cylinders, sectors, clusters, etc.), or work at an abstracted level and make repairs "virtually" using file or directory tables. You would need a tool specifically designed to mark bad blocks on a flash memory device, as anything else is either going to cause more problems (by assuming it can fix the problems the same way it would with a platter-based device) or make virtual fixes that don't take into account dynamic hardware-level features of flash. Even if you could mark a particular "sector" or "cluster" as 'bad', it wouldn't necessarily do any good, since those physical concepts don't actually exist in flash memory. If the flash device is more advanced, and dynamically moves data around to automatically bypass bad blocks and mitigate write limitations, the physical location of data may reside in a bad block one moment, and in a good block a moment later. (Note that the idea of a "bad" block in flash memory is much fuzzier than it is with platter disks...a flash memory block tends to die slowly, rather than suddenly, and may "flicker" between readable/not readable a bit before it becomes entirely unusable.) Generally speaking, when it comes to flash, let the device manage itself from a bad block perspective. Different manufacturers structure and store data in different ways, and each may have different levels and amounts of dynamic behavior that moves data around to avoid some of the limitations of flash memory. Trying to manage it yourself is likely to cause more problems than it solves, and may render your flash disks useless in the long run. If you wish to avoid bad flash cards, I highly recommend using reputable brands. I have tried a variety of flash cards in the past, however SanDisk is the only brand that I have used that, at least to date, has never failed. I have several 4, 8, and 16 gig SDHC cards that I use quite heavily, and regularly take out of my camera and insert into my laptop or computer, and they are still working perfectly. (Some are several years old.)

Reading your comment below the question, I believe [F3](https://github.com/AltraMayor/f3) does exactly what you want. It compiles on Linux/Mac OS X and is also available via Homebrew.

I have just purchased a new CF card for my DSLR. I tested it using Xbench (Mac OS X) and it performs as expected. However, I'd like to do a "surface scan" (moving platter term) to check for "bad sectors" (moving platter term). I could bash script a processes using dd, but I get the feeling that there is a better way out there. My goal is to conclusively know that a memory card (CF, SD, etc.) is safe to use on a photo shoot, and that is doesn't need to be returned before the 30 day vendor policy window expires. I definitely want Mac solutions given here. I would also like to get a few Linux suggestions. Let's even throw a bone to the windows users just so that this one question can meet everyone's needs.

2010/11/27

Reading your comment below the question, I believe [F3](https://github.com/AltraMayor/f3) does exactly what you want. It compiles on Linux/Mac OS X and is also available via Homebrew.

I found this on google, I'm not using sd cards for cameras' storage but instead I got my class 10 32 gigs sdhc sandisk completely corrupted after less then 2 years of use on my samsung galaxy S2. I am using badblocks to see where the first badblocks start and then I will make partitions around that area if possible. this is my current, very very bad solution :/

I basically want to create a timer. I have a textview where I need to show a timer like "Updating your location in 2min 29 secs" and I want the timer to decreament For eg 2min 28secs followed by 2min 27 secs. And I want to update it even when the user is not using my app (I dont want it to update in real sense what I mean is when user opens my app after say 1 min then the timer should show 1min 27 secs). Can some one please help me out in pointing out the correct and efficient way of doing this ? Thanks :)

2014/10/15

The most efficient way in my opinion is using [scheduleAtFixedRate](http://developer.android.com/reference/java/util/Timer.html#scheduleAtFixedRate%28java.util.TimerTask,%20long,%20long%29) when your activity is in foreground and when it is going to background you do not need any services you can just save the current time and the remaining time in a sharedpreferances and when again your activity comes to foreground read those values plus current time and then update the `textview` in a proper way.

You could use a service and send intents that your activity receives (the one with the TextView) using **LocalBroadcastManager**. You should register a *BroadcastReceiver* inside *Activity.onResume()*, and unregister it inside *onPause()*. Using a **TimerTask** should be the default approach but you must be aware that if your activity is sent to background it can be killed by the system. That's why I recommend using a service. Hope it helps.

I have a portrait with a blurred background. I'd like to use this to create a mask or for alpha channel or to erase the background. So after editing I want to have an image with perfect white or transparency where was the background and keep the face unchanged. Is it possible? What I tried yet: * made the image copy * converted this copy B/W * made the copy of this B/W layer * blured this copy * subtracted these copies: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3FfUp.png) So I hoped that *blurred blur* will be almost the same as *blur* and *blurred sharp* will differ from *sharp* parts of the picture. And the difference will be as an indication of the blureness. But I see that my idea did not worked for some reasons. Any other thoughts?

2017/04/23

A little confused about your question: are you attempting to keep the face and remove the existing background? Are you having difficulty making a decent selection? If the above is correct, you'll want to make a selection of the face.There are a multitude of ways to do that in Photoshop. In this case,you'll want to make a selection of the background. If the background is solid, you could use color range. Otherwise you could make a selection of the face and then use inverse. I have found the select and mask option invaluable in refining my selections so that I don't have a halo or that pesky little color around the edges. There is a definite learning curve but well worth it. Once you have made the selection hit "delete" on your keyboard and there you have it! You can then make a new document and do what you want with that background - make it white or transparent. Hope this helps.

As others pointed out, the best way would be to learn: 1. How to use masks 2. Make and enhance selections in Photoshop This is **THE** major first step when learning how to edit an image, beyond the classic and global adjustments, such as contrast, luminosity, curves or B&W conversion. Concerning your image, **Photoshop may have a *magic* tool to help you**: > > Select > Focus Area > > > It *automatically* select the image areas in focus and can create a selection from it. It is not perfect, but if your background is blurry enough it might do what you want in a single step. Tutorial on adobe.com: <https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/select-area-focus.html>

I am publishing everything in the broker database and able to fetch entire component value with the help of ComponentPresentation class and ComponentFactory class. I am using ComponentPresentation.getContent(true) method to fetch the entire content. But my requirement is to retrieve some specific field value from one of the component. but i am unable to do so. Can anybody tell me with an example how I can do that?

2015/01/20

In broker final content (xml or html as per your architecture) is published. individual field values (as key values) are not published, so You can not directly fetch any component value. you have to parse your Xml/Html to get that field value. one of the possible way could be to use metadata, to directly fetch the value from broker.

Somewhere in your solution you need to transform your "naked" content into it's presentation form (usually HTML for web purposes; either directly or via ASP.Net/JSP). With Tridion this is traditionally the responsibility of your page and component templates. Recently another approach has gained momentum which is DD4T (Dynamic Delivery For Tridion). With DD4T you publish the content "as is" to the broker and consume the content on the content delivery side in an MVC application; it appears that this is what you are doing (consuming content from the broker in your web application) so you might want to take a look at DD4T. Alternatively you could write your own solution to push data into the broker and consume it on the other side but that seems like reinventing the wheel...

I am publishing everything in the broker database and able to fetch entire component value with the help of ComponentPresentation class and ComponentFactory class. I am using ComponentPresentation.getContent(true) method to fetch the entire content. But my requirement is to retrieve some specific field value from one of the component. but i am unable to do so. Can anybody tell me with an example how I can do that?

2015/01/20

When you publish a ComponentPresentation, Tridion renders the data from the component using the component template. The structure of the component as stored in the content manager is not available to you in the broker, just the rendered output. The solution depends rather on what you are trying to do. If you just need to have the field available in the same piece of rendered output, then simply amend your component template to make this so. If you need to get a specific field for some other purpose, you could also consider creating another dynamic component template that renders just the data from that specific field. Then you can query for that component presentation in your web application. (Obviously, you could go too far with this approach - it wouldn't be pretty if you had a component template for every field.) Some people build their web applications in a way that there's only very simple templating in the content manager, usually the component template renders an XML document which contains everything from the component. Then you can build data structures in your web application that allow you to access each field. If this approach is what you want, then you should look at [Dynamic Delivery for Tridion (DD4T)](https://github.com/dd4t/dynamic-delivery-4-tridion) which is a framework which takes care of much of the work of building this kind of application. Also, have a look at the [SDL Tridion reference implementation](http://www.sdltridionworld.com/community/2011_extensions/reference_implementation.aspx), which builds on DD4T to demonstrate further useful techniques.

Somewhere in your solution you need to transform your "naked" content into it's presentation form (usually HTML for web purposes; either directly or via ASP.Net/JSP). With Tridion this is traditionally the responsibility of your page and component templates. Recently another approach has gained momentum which is DD4T (Dynamic Delivery For Tridion). With DD4T you publish the content "as is" to the broker and consume the content on the content delivery side in an MVC application; it appears that this is what you are doing (consuming content from the broker in your web application) so you might want to take a look at DD4T. Alternatively you could write your own solution to push data into the broker and consume it on the other side but that seems like reinventing the wheel...

I've wandered into some dungeon and encountered some necromancers or bandits. I killed some with sneak attack by bow and some turned hostile and they rush to me and I killed them directly. When I sleep, there are no Dark Brotherhood members approaching me. Why?

2012/02/10

According to the [Elder Scrolls wiki](http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Oblivion:A_Knife_in_the_Dark), > > you must murder someone in cold blood. In other words, you must murder an innocent without provocation (note that Bandits and the like do not count as the required murder). Once the deed is done, regardless of who is there, the cryptic message "Your killing has been observed by forces unknown..." will appear in the corner of your screen, indicating you will be visited the next time you sleep. > > > Basically any non-essential NPC will do. (Note that unlike in Morrowind, Oblivion's predecessor, you cannot kill an essential NPC, so you don't have to worry about killing the "wrong" person. If an NPC is involved in a quest you haven't completed, you won't be able to kill them.) If you are looking for a specific set of targets, the wiki has a [list of them](http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Oblivion:Dark_Brotherhood#Targets). I've listed a few of the best targets below: > > -- The Skooma Den in Bravil has 4 residents, 3 with 0 responsibility, so your crime will likely go unreported. > > -- Camonna Tong Thug: Killing one of the two Camonna Tong thugs at Walker camp will give you no bounty, as they both have low responsibility. If you attack one of them before he attacked you, killing him is counted as a murder, and will allow you to join the Dark Brotherhood. They both respawn in a few days, as well. > > -- Alval Uvani has a rather low responsibility, and since he does a lot of traveling (see the Dark Brotherhood mission A Matter of Honor for details) it's rather easy to dispose of him on the road without witnesses. The benefit of killing Alval is that you will have already completed one of the later Brotherhood missions. > > >

You have to murder someone who is not by default hostile to you, for example a random townsperson. You will get a message on your screen that you've been "witnessed by unseen forces" and after you go to sleep you will be contacted.

I've wandered into some dungeon and encountered some necromancers or bandits. I killed some with sneak attack by bow and some turned hostile and they rush to me and I killed them directly. When I sleep, there are no Dark Brotherhood members approaching me. Why?

2012/02/10

You have to murder someone who is not by default hostile to you, for example a random townsperson. You will get a message on your screen that you've been "witnessed by unseen forces" and after you go to sleep you will be contacted.

The one you kill must be an innocent. I wanted to do the Brotherhood quest early in the game because it bugs me to be a murderer. So, I killed that drug dealer (sells skooma and poisons at night) who stands outside the north wall of the Imperial City, but even though he had not gone aggro on me, his death did not count. Just thought you might like to know how some characters don't qualify at all.

I've wandered into some dungeon and encountered some necromancers or bandits. I killed some with sneak attack by bow and some turned hostile and they rush to me and I killed them directly. When I sleep, there are no Dark Brotherhood members approaching me. Why?

2012/02/10

According to the [Elder Scrolls wiki](http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Oblivion:A_Knife_in_the_Dark), > > you must murder someone in cold blood. In other words, you must murder an innocent without provocation (note that Bandits and the like do not count as the required murder). Once the deed is done, regardless of who is there, the cryptic message "Your killing has been observed by forces unknown..." will appear in the corner of your screen, indicating you will be visited the next time you sleep. > > > Basically any non-essential NPC will do. (Note that unlike in Morrowind, Oblivion's predecessor, you cannot kill an essential NPC, so you don't have to worry about killing the "wrong" person. If an NPC is involved in a quest you haven't completed, you won't be able to kill them.) If you are looking for a specific set of targets, the wiki has a [list of them](http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Oblivion:Dark_Brotherhood#Targets). I've listed a few of the best targets below: > > -- The Skooma Den in Bravil has 4 residents, 3 with 0 responsibility, so your crime will likely go unreported. > > -- Camonna Tong Thug: Killing one of the two Camonna Tong thugs at Walker camp will give you no bounty, as they both have low responsibility. If you attack one of them before he attacked you, killing him is counted as a murder, and will allow you to join the Dark Brotherhood. They both respawn in a few days, as well. > > -- Alval Uvani has a rather low responsibility, and since he does a lot of traveling (see the Dark Brotherhood mission A Matter of Honor for details) it's rather easy to dispose of him on the road without witnesses. The benefit of killing Alval is that you will have already completed one of the later Brotherhood missions. > > >

The one you kill must be an innocent. I wanted to do the Brotherhood quest early in the game because it bugs me to be a murderer. So, I killed that drug dealer (sells skooma and poisons at night) who stands outside the north wall of the Imperial City, but even though he had not gone aggro on me, his death did not count. Just thought you might like to know how some characters don't qualify at all.

iam developing WPF product. I want to protect my .net source code from reverse enginering Please advice me

2011/05/13

You would use an obfuscator. There are a lot of them on the market, just google. For example, Visual Studio used to ship with the [Dotfuscator Community Edition](http://www.preemptive.com/products/dotfuscator). I never used it, so I can't say anything about its quality. This blog post shows the possible ways to try to prevent reverse engineering: <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ericgu/archive/2004/02/24/79236.aspx>

In the end it will always be possible to reverse engineer the code. Obfuscation can help but your code will never completely be protected. The only way to fully protect the code is by not deploying it but instead keeping it on a server.