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Alberobello, located in the heel of southern Italy, is a town of two architectural styles. The center is a quiet, whitewashed commune with the brightly painted doors and shutters and wrought-iron balconies so typical of classic Mediterranean style. Just a short walk away, however, lie the old districts of Rione Monti and Rione Aja Piccola and the reason why the town was granted UNESCO World Heritage status in 1996; it’s unique cone shaped houses called trulli. If you’re visiting Puglia, here’s what to expect and just a few reasons why a trip to see the beautiful trulli of Alberobello has to be top of your list! A Little Bit of History Named after the ancient oak forest that once covered the Puglian countryside, Alberobello, literally meaning “beautiful trees”, has its origins in the rural life of farming and agriculture. Its not clear when the land was first settled but evidence suggests small settlements, probably of shepherds tending to their animals, may have been established as early as 1000 AD. Those small agricultural working communities, strategically located around an old riverside, gradually came together eventually merging to form the basis for today’s districts of Aja Piccola and Monti. The communities grew very slowly and were still so small in the 1300s, however, that the land was thought to be uninhabited; a label that would prove rather useful and fortunate for the new feudal lord. The first Count of Conversano was granted feudal rights over the land in the 14th century as a reward for his highly valued service in the Crusades. And he was clearly a rather clever and inventive landlord quickly realizing that there were financial benefits to be had in keeping his land designated as unoccupied, even if in practice there were people living there. The Prammatica de Baronibus laws he enforced would have a fundamental impact not just on his subjugated tenants but also on the architecture of the nascent village. Oh, and the Count managed to keep his tax bills down too with a bit of skillful jiggery-pokery and simple houses called trulli. So what are these legendary trulli and why are they so special? The Trulli of Alberobello Put simply, a trullo (plural trulli) house is a dry-stone circular hut with a conical roof. The houses are often whitewashed with dark grey roofs. And many also include mystical decorative designs set into their roof tiles or symbolic sandstone pinnacle stones topping off the cone-shaped gable. The houses are very pretty to look at, but it’s their building technique, using carefully selected interlocking stones, that is most significant. The dry stone method has been employed in the Itria Valley of Puglia since prehistoric times and crucially uses no cement or mortar to fix the stones together. It also takes advantage of the building materials to hand in the landscape with the plentiful limestone giving the houses their characteristic pale white walls. Trulli are truly Puglian structures and unlike anything you’ll see elsewhere in Italy. The name trullo comes from the Italianized form of the local dialect word for dry stone hut, truddu, and that in turn was influenced by the Greek word for dome or cupola. And the greatest concentration of trulli is in Alberobello thanks to the Count of Conversano. He realized that the dry stone huts could be classed as temporary accommodation because of their lack of mortar and therefore that he would have to pay fewer taxes on them to the government. And so from that day on, until 1797 when Alberobello gained its independence, anyone wanting to build on his feudal land could only build trulli. Experience Alberobello’s Beauty for Yourselves Today, the count’s legacy lives on and the town boasts at least 1600 trulli houses spread out over two principal districts – Rione Monti and Pione Aja Piccola. And if you want to learn more about these magical little houses you can discover Alberobello and its trulli with a wonderful tour of history and architecture in the heart of Apulia. You’ll start at the Terrazzino Belvedere, meaning “good view”, for a wonderful panoramic view of the old town. Conical roofs, mystical roof tile designs and magical hand-carved pinnacles beautifully and uniquely pierce the low-lying skyline. But you don’t just get to enjoy the view, you can drop down to the narrow streets of Aia Piccola where over 400 traditional trulli cluster together to form houses, hostelries and hotels. And strolling through the old community you’ll begin to understand just why Alberobello is known as the capital of trulli. Alternatively, if you are a bit of a foodie, why not book our tour and taste trip in Alberobello. Not only will you enjoy a wonderful walking tour of the old trulli-lined streets but you’ll also visit a local dairy for a demonstration of traditional cheese-making. And you’ll finish off your trip with a tasty stop at a typical masseria or farmhouse where you’ll whet your appetite with local wines and nibbles before joining a short cookery class with the owners and then lunch. Delicious! But of course if you really want a trulli experience of your own, away from the tourist hubbub, then its time to check into your own personal oasis at Le Alcove. The luxurious hotel combines the ancient atmosphere of Alberobello with contemporary amenities offering the perfect getaway. Each guestroom is a separate trullo with a private entrance ensuring privacy, intimacy and peace. Add in delicious home-cooking, using local and biological products at breakfast and quality cuisine at the nearby restaurants and you have a unique cultural, culinary and historic trullo experience at your fingertips. The Capital of Trulli Awaits Ultimately Alberobello is a uniquely beautiful town. Its rural beginnings in southern Italy and medieval feudal landlords meant that ancient building techniques persisted longer than elsewhere. And what started out as an ingenious method to avoid paying higher taxes ended up constructing a wonderfully distinctive and beautiful community unlike anywhere else in Italy or Europe. Today the old districts where the trulli dominate have an otherworldly atmosphere. If hobbits or elves were Italian, this would undoubtedly be where they’d live! So if you’re thinking of visiting Puglia make sure you ask our friendly travel experts to add in a stop in Alberobello to your itinerary; you won’t see anything like it anywhere else! Buona vacanza!

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The California Legislative Analyst’s Office made the claim recently that if the two remaining nuclear power plants in California were shut down the state would cause rolling blackouts and other chaos. This is in reaction to a proposed ballot initiative that would force California’s two nuclear power plants to shut down until a permanent disposal site for high-level nuclear waste is approved by the federal government. With Yucca Mountain scrapped by the current administration no such facility exists or is in the works in the US. The two reactors in California San Onofre and Diablo Canyon only supply 16% of California’s electricity according to the Analyst’s report. The situation in Japan over the summer where TEPCO declared major conservation would be needed to avoid blackouts constituted 25% of the region’s power supply. Over the summer in Japan TEPCO threatened that blackouts would occur. Citizens and businesses took some steps to cut usage. Not one blackout happened in Tokyo. If Japan can solve the gap of 25% without the country and Tokyo having disruptions, California could easily make up a 16% gap with some basic conservation efforts. This article would not be possible without the extensive efforts of the SimplyInfo research team Join the conversation at chat.simplyinfo.org © 2011-2023 SimplyInfo.org, Fukuleaks.org All Rights Reserved Content cited, quoted etc. from other sources is under the respective rights of that content owner. If you are viewing this page on any website other than http://www.simplyinfo.org (or http://www.fukuleaks.org) it may be plagiarized, please let us know. If you wish to reproduce any of our content in full or in more than a phrase or quote, please contact us first to obtain permission.

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More than 100 COVID-19 patients at a hospital in Beijing are receiving injections of mesenchymal stem cells to help them fend off the disease. The experimental treatment is part of an ongoing clinical trial, which coordinators say has shown early promise in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. However, other experts criticize the trial’s design and caution that there’s not sufficient evidence to show that the treatment works for COVID-19. They say other treatments have far greater potential than stem cells in aiding patients during the pandemic. Researchers have so far reported results from only seven patients treated with stem cells at Beijing You’an Hospital. Each patient suffered from COVID-19 symptoms including fevers and difficulty breathing. They each received a single infusion of mesenchymal stem cells sometime between 23 January and 16 February. A few days later, investigators say, all symptoms disappeared in all seven patients. They reported no side effects. This series of computerized tomography (CT) images from Jin’s study shows the progression of a severe case of COVID-19 in Beijing. On 23 Jan, no evidence of pneumonia was seen in the patient. By 30 Jan, some evidence was present. The patient received a stem cell infusion on 31 Jan. By 2 Feb, pneumonia had invaded both lungs. On 9 Feb, the pneumonia faded away. By 15 Feb, little evidence of pneumonia remained.Images: Aging & Disease The team published those results in the journal Aging & Disease on 13 March. In an accompanying editorial, Ashok Shetty of Texas A&M University’s Institute for Regenerative Medicine wrote “the overall improvement was quite extraordinary” but stated that larger clinical trials were needed to validate the findings. Jahar Bhattacharya, a professor of physiology and cellular biophysics and medicine at Columbia University, who was not involved in the work, says injecting mesenchymal stem cells into a patient’s bloodstream remains an unproven treatment for COVID-19 patients and could cause harmful side effects. “You are injecting large numbers of cells in a patient’s veins,” Bhattacharya says. “If those cells go and clog the lungs, and cause damage because of the clogging—well, that’s not good at all.” He adds that the study’s sample size is much too small to draw any meaningful conclusions about the treatment’s efficacy at this stage. “Folks do all kinds of things and they’ll say—we got a result,” Bhattacharya says. “It’s very risky to go by any of those.” Kunlin Jin, a lead author in the trial and professor of pharmacology and neuroscience at the University of North Texas Health Science Center, says his group now has unpublished data from 31 additional COVID-19 patients who received the treatment. In every case, he claims, their symptoms improved after treatment. “I think the results are very promising,” he says. According to Jin, 120 COVID-19 patients are now receiving mesenchymal stem cell injections in Beijing for the trial. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new coronavirus. There is currently no treatment and researchers around the world are scrambling to identify existing drugs or compounds that could be effective against it. Jin’s team isn’t alone in considering the use of stem cells to treat COVID-19 patients. Another mesenchymal stem cell trial registered to clinicaltrials.gov aims to enroll 20 COVID-19 patients across four hospitals in China. The Australia-based firm Mesoblast says it’s evaluating its stem cell therapy for use against COVID-19. And in the United States, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority recently contacted the company Athersys to request information about its stem cell treatment called MultiStem for its potential as a COVID-19 therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (a term some experts criticize as too broad) can be isolated from different kinds of tissues and, once injected into a patient, grow into a wide variety of cells. They have not been approved for COVID-19 therapeutic use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The new coronavirus invades the body through a spike protein that lives on the surface of virus cells. The S protein, as it’s called, binds to a receptor called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on a healthy cell’s surface. Once attached, the cells fuse and the virus is able to infect the healthy cell. ACE2 receptors are present on cells in many places throughout the body, and especially in the lungs. Cells in the lungs are also some of the first to encounter the virus, since the primary form of transmission is thought to be breathing in droplets after an infected person has coughed or sneezed. However, cells from other parts of the body—including those which produce mesenchymal stem cells—lack ACE2 receptors, which makes them immune to the virus. In many COVID-19 cases, a patient’s immune system responds to the virus so strongly, it harms healthy cells in the process. Jin explains that, once mesenchymal stem cells are injected into the blood, these cells can travel to the lungs and secrete growth factor and other cytokines—anti-inflammatory substances that modulate the immune system so it doesn’t go into overdrive. But Lawrence Goldstein, director of UC San Diego’s stem cell program, says it’s not clear from the trial how many of the injected cells actually made it to the lungs, or how long they stayed there. He criticized the classification of patients in the study as “common,” “severe,” or “critically severe,” saying those categories weren’t well defined (Jin says these labels are defined by the National Health Commission of China). And Goldstein noted the lack of information about the properties of the stem cells used in the trial. “It’s pretty weak,” Goldstein says of the trial design. Steven Peckman, deputy director of UCLA’s Broad Stem Cell Research Center, adds: “Researchers and clinicians should use a critical eye when reviewing such reports and avoid the ‘therapeutic misconception,’ namely, a willingness to view experimental interventions as both safe and effective without the support of compelling scientific evidence.” Jin himself doesn’t think most COVID-19 patients should receive stem cell infusions. “I think for the moderate patients, maybe don’t need the stem cell treatment,” he says. “For life-threatening cases, I think it’s essential to use mesenchymal stem cell treatment if no other drug is available.” Goldstein says other potential treatments for COVID-19—such as drugs that modulate the body’s immune system—appear much more promising than stem cells. Many such drugs have been shown to be safe and effective at regulating the immune system and are already approved by regulatory authorities. It’s also easier to use drugs to treat a large number of patients compared with stem cell infusions. “When you’ve got a hundred things you want to try, it’s not obvious that this one is on the short list,” Goldstein says of stem cell trials for COVID-19. “It’s a higher priority to test well-known immune modulators than to test these cells.”

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One feature of Blackboard that is nearly always overlooked is often the simplest and most effective: Announcements. I don’t know why this is as Announcements are, or should be, the main method for connecting with students and keeping them up to date with their learning journey. Note: this is as much for campus-based courses as for DL (Distant-Learning). Students who are on campus also need to know how to find information, changes to timetabled session, introduction to activities, etc. as much as DL. Using Announcements effectively also encourages students to use Blackboard; it shows that you are prepared to engage them in the arena you ask them to use to find resources, assignments, activities, etc. So, in order to provide a little help, here are a few tips on using Blackboard Announcements effectively over the duration of a course (not forgetting pre- and post-course communications): - Announcements appear on both the Blackboard home page when a student logs in and on the home page of your course. - You can send the contents of an Announcement to enrolled students as an email. - You can use the ‘date restriction’ option to time-delay the Announcement’s release. - Course Links can be used to deep-link to content and information within your Blackboard course. So, now we know how Announcements can be used, how can we use them effectively and efficiently with our learning resources, activities, and students? - Write your Announcement in Word or Outlook first. This will give you the opportunity to check both grammar and spelling before posting the Announcement. It’s always good practice to check this before someone else points out a mistake. - If you think you will be using the Announcement again with subsequent cohorts then save the Announcement Word file to your X-drive, and remember where you put it. Whilst you will still have the online version to re-use, it’s always good to have your own copy stored in case something happens to the course, to Blackboard, or your access to it. - Use the text formatting sparingly – no one really wants to read an Announcement that has large green italicised text. - Use Announcements at various times during the course to introduce yourself, new theories or resources, highlight aspects of the course, and to remind students of timescale or deadlines for activities or assessments. It is also good practice to highlight room changes and/or altered timetables (as well as sending emails) to make sure that students receive the changes. - Announcements can be used before a course officially starts (if the students are already enrolled) as a way to introduce the course, the contents or learning outcomes, the timetable, the lecture and seminar formats, the assessment strategy, etc. so that the students, from day one, can get involved immediately with the learning and not your management style. - Use Announcements to close activities and introduce new ones. This is not just a simple “X finished, Y starts” Announcement but a contextual Announcement about an activity and participation/reflection as well as signposting how it fits in with overall course aim. If the next activity builds on knowledge or a skill from the previous activity, highlight this too. - Try not to use ‘permanent’ option: very few Announcements need to be flagged as ‘permanent’ so they stick to the top of the Announcement list forever. - Use the ‘course link’ option when you refer to or need to make reference to course materials: the ‘course link’ option will help students gain immediate access to course materials wherever they are located in the course structure. The more folders and files you have, the more Announcements that utilise ‘course links’ will benefit students. - Do not upload or attach files to Announcements unless it is essential: use the course structure to upload the file as an attachment to an Item in the Materials & Activities or Overview folders, and link to the Item or Folder. This has several benefits, the most notable is that the Item or Folder will remain if the course is recycled, the Announcement will not. - Yes you can re-order the Announcements manually, but try and resist doing this. Announcements are, by definition, related to a specific time and/or event, therefore they need to remain in the context of the course and settings. - Use the ‘date restricted’ option if you want to pre-populate your Blackboard course with Announcements: e.g. release an Announcement every Monday at 8:00AM introducing the new weeks topic and activity schedule. Use this wisely as to have it look too automated will put students off and actually work against you. If you would like to talk through Blackboard Announcements, or any aspect of Blackboard or Technology Enhanced Learning, with the College Learning Technologists, please contact David or Stephen.

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The PSR program course content series builds from year to year around four themes: - What Catholics Believe - How Catholics Worship - How Catholics Live - How Catholics Pray An introduction to the scope and sequence of each grade level is as follows: God’s love creates the universe including all people and family. Children are introduced to Jesus as the greatest sign of Gods love and begin to express love of Jesus. Children learn that we belong to a community known as a Church. Children begin to learn how we live and pray as a Catholic Community. Building on first grade, children grow in understanding of themselves as part of a Catholic Community including preparation for the Sacraments of Reconciliation and Eucharist. Children continue to grow in understanding of themselves as members of the Church. They learn in depth the four marks of the Catholic Church and begin to see the connection of the Church’s mission to the wider world. Students learn of God’s existence as one in three: God, Son and Spirit. Students will participate in the Sacrament of Reconciliation this year, typically during Lent. Students are introduced to an in-depth study of The Sacraments as God’s Gift: Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, the Sacraments of Healing and the Sacraments of Service. Students are taken on a journey to the roots of our Catholic faith through a study of the Old Testament. Students learn the story of the Exodus and the role of the Prophets as calling a people to grow in faithfulness to God. Students will participate in the Sacrament of Reconciliation this year, typically during Lent. Students learn about Jesus via key theological terms such as the Incarnation and Paschal Mystery. Students learn about Jesus ministry on earth in announcing the Kingdom of God. Students are invited to a deeper understanding of Church via historical development from the initial days of following The Way, through times of persecution, to medieval expression in theology and cathedrals, on to the Reformation and church councils.

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Against all odds: The Danes in Tranquebar ADMIN , JULY 16, 2019 , Comments Off on Against all odds: The Danes in Tranquebar It is possibly the oldest STONE monument in India. Your history teacher taught you that it was built by Ashoka the Great of the Mauryan dynasty. And you have seen it in umpteen travel brochures. You know the Sanchi Stupa, of course. Can you conjure up a mental picture of the monument? Does it look like this? Good. Now, guess which part of the structure was built by Ashoka? If you answered “ALL OF IT” - Congratulations; you remembered everything your history teacher taught you. But your teacher was wrong. The right answer is, “NONE OF IT”! Surprised? The original Stupa built by Ashoka got vandalised, approximately a century after Ashoka built the original. And then a newer, bigger one was built over it by the Sunga King Agnimitra around 145 BCE. Detour: But just why did Ashoka build the Sanchi Stupa? Therein lies an incredible tale of ancient stone caskets containing Buddha’s cremated remains. Watch that story in this short video- Thus, the hemispherical stupa that you admire in travel brochures is not the original Ashoka creation at all. What about the ornamental gateway in front? It is called a Torana. All the exquisitely carved Toranas in Sanchi were built during the rule of the Satavahana Kings. The Torana in this picture was probably built by the Satavahana King Satakarni -II around 50 BCE. Who were the Satavahanas? Most school history books pretend that the Satavahanas never existed, or grudgingly allocate one paragraph in a 200-page textbook. Somehow the Satavahana dynasty got a raw deal from our history teachers. The truth is that they ruled a huge part of Central India – present day Andhra, Telangana, Maharashtra, Karnataka for about 350 years; at their peak, they ruled present day Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh too. Their reign was longer than the Mughal rule and their contribution to Indian art was as important. The beautiful panels depicting scenes from Buddha’s and Ashoka’s life all over Sanchi are contributions during the Satavahana period. Ironically, Sanchi is more a Satavahana monument than an Ashoka Monument. The Satavahanas were originally a South Indian feudatory of the Maurya Kings. About 50 years after Ashoka’s death the Mauryan empire started breaking up. The Satavahanas asserted their independence and formed a huge kingdom from the East coast to the West coast on the Deccan plateau. At the height of their power, Sanchi was under their rule and that is why we see such brilliant Satavahana art at Sanchi. Because they controlled the plateau from coast-to-coast, all North-South trade had to pass through their territory. Seaborne trade including Roman ships, graced their ports. All this made the country rich, and hence patronage for art came from the kings as well as wealthy merchants and noblemen. The Satavahanas were Hindu kings, yet it was Buddhist art that got a greater fillip under the Satavahanas. During their time, the Satavahanas allowed Buddhist monasteries to come up along important trade routes. These monasteries were funded by local merchants because they doubled up as rest houses for traders. By the end of the Satavahana reign, there was a trail of Buddhist art all over their territory. This style of sculpting was called the Amaravati style – considered the mother of all Indian styles, developed in the Satavahana kingdom. The Ajanta Paintings, the Nasik Pandavleni caves and of course the Sanchi gateways were all products of this era. The Amaravati style is said to have influenced the later Hindu art of the Pallava and Chola periods. If you visit the Egmore Museum in Chennai, you can see the largest collection of antique stones belonging to the Satavahana period – the Amaravati collection. These are some of the earliest examples of Buddhist art in the world. [For more on the Satavahanas, read this article – The Satavahanas and India’s Ancient Tollgates] Join us on a quest for these stories, on walking tours and day trips that zigzag through the very beat and pulse of the city and its many attractions. We’ll show you the best places to visit and introduce you to the best things to do on your visit.

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Everything You Need to Know About Minimoog: The Minimoog is an analogue synthesise that was first made by Moog Music from 1970 to 1981. It was the first synthesise that could be bought in stores. It was made to be a cheaper, more portable version of the modular Moog synthesise. Progressive rock and jazz musicians were the first to use it, and since then disco, pop, rock, and electronic music have all used it a lot. Progress in Development RA Moog Co made Moog synthesises in the 1960s. These machines added electronic sounds to music but were still out of reach for most people. It was hard to use these modular synthesisers because you had to connect parts by hand using patch cables in order to make sounds. Their price was tens of thousands of dollars, and they could sense temperature and humidity. In 1970, only 28 were owned by musicians. Most were owned by universities or record labels and were used to make soundtracks or jingles. Moog engineer Bill Hemsath made a prototype by cutting a keyboard in half and wiring several parts into a small cabinet. He wanted to make a synthesiser that was smaller and more reliable. Robert Moog, president of Moog, thought the prototype was fun, but he didn’t think there was a market for it at first. Moog and the engineers made a few more prototypes, this time adding features like the suitcase shape to make it easier to carry. the team thought they could sell “maybe 100 of them” as session musicians. A former evangelist and musician named David Van Koevering became friends with Moog. Van Koevering was so impressed with the Minimoog that he started showing it to musicians and music stores. As a friend, Van Koevering was able to use a building on a private island in Florida that Bell owned. Bell is the founder of the restaurant chain Taco Bell. Island of Electronicus was the name of an event that Van Koevering put on there. He called it a “pseudo-psychedelic experience that brought counterculture (minus the drugs) to straight families and connected it with the sound of the Minimoog.” The later models In the 1980s, Alex Winter of Caerphilly, Wales, bought the rights to use the Moog Music name in the UK. In 1998, he started making a limited number of the Moog Minimoog 204E, which was an updated Minimoog. MIDI and pulse width modulation were added to the Model D by the 204E. Robert Moog bought the company and owned the rights to the Moog name again in 2002. Moog Co. updated the Minimoog and released it as the Minimoog Voyager in 2002. It sold more than 14,000 units, which was more than the original Minimoog. Shortly after, the Welsh branch of Moog Music went bankrupt, but Winter kept the rights to the Moog name in the UK. This meant that the Minimoog Voyager was released there as the Voyager by Bob Moog. The Minimoog was the first synthesiser to be called a “classic,” according to TJ Pinch, author of Analogue Days. Wired called it “the most famous synthesiser in music history…a ubiquitous analogue keyboard that can be heard in countless pop, rock, hip-hop, and techno tracks from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.” It was also important that it could be moved around. Someone who works for Moog called David Borden said that the Minimoog “took the synthesiser out of the studio and put it in the concert hall.” The Guardian said, “The Minimoog changed everything… the Moogs oozed character.” This meant that the synthesiser could now reliably play as either a melodic lead or a propulsive bass instrument, not just as a complex sound-generating machine. One could always tell a Moog sound by how strange, kitsch, and cute it was, or how harsh it was. If you like this Article about Everything You Need to Know About Minimoog please share this Article with your friends and family members.

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EMMK-101, EMMK-102, EMMK-103, EMMC-104, EMMC-105, EMMC-106 signatures, arcing, corona, gap, discharges, micro-sparking, random noise Provides an overview of the different types of electromagnetic signatures. An electromagnetic signature is a pattern found when using Electromagnetic (Interference) Signal Analysis (EMSA) for detecting electrical defects in both rotating and stationary high-voltage (greater than 2000 volts) utility equipment. In his 1990's paper “The Basics of EMI (electromagnetic interference) Analysis," Jim Timperley identified these electromagnetic signatures: Arcing is a low-voltage electrical discharge involving lower frequency current that is several orders of magnitude greater than that produced by Partial Discharge (PD). Arcing is rich in low-frequency harmonics, extending through a wide range of the radio frequency spectrum. Arcing is characterized by discharges with measurable rise and fall times when displayed in real time on an oscilloscope. Arcing results from the loss of continuity in conductors, loose-bolted or crimp joints, broken conductors in stator coils, or broken bars in rotors. Frequent sources of arcing are sliding contacts like shaft grounding brushes, exciter commutator brushes, or slip ring brushes. The detected audio component is usually erratic due to the intrinsic instability of the source. Depending on the source, the discharges may or may not be synchronized with the power frequency. Corona is an electric current discharging into a gas or liquid that appears during both positive and negative half cycles. In air, corona can be found on clean conductors operating above 2,000 volts to ground and at frequencies below 10 MHz. If the media is oil or pressurized hydrogen, this voltage can be higher. Low-frequency corona is a common signature for asphalt mica-flake insulated machines, which is the same pattern detected by PDA techniques as internal insulation voids. Machines with modern VPI synthetic resin insulation systems often have corona activity only above 2 MHz. Dirty and contaminated windings can produce corona even with 2.3 kV machines. The detected audio component has a sound similar to bacon frying. A gap discharge (partial discharge) is produced when two surfaces separated by a gap are at different potentials sufficient to spark over the gap and generate a current pulse. A gap discharge can occur one or more times during each half of the power frequency cycle because the rise and fall time of each discharge is extremely fast. Usually the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is fixed at 1 to 15 events per half cycle at any location and is synchronized with machine phase voltage. The PRF and amplitude of gap discharge vary as a function of gap dimensions, impressed voltage, insulation quality of the surrounding gas, and the RF impedance of adjacent conductors. EMI generated from gap discharge is rich in broadband harmonics characterized by high amplitude throughout the RF spectrum. The detected audio component has a popping or rasping sound depending on the source PRF. Micro-sparking is similar to a gap discharge except the gap is extremely thin, usually in the order of 0.4 mm. The discharge PRF is 15 to 30 pulses per each power frequency half cycle compared to gap discharges which occur at PRF of 1 to 15. Each micro-spark has a very short duration. The EMI produced is usually found to be above 20 MHz. Often, transmission-line hardware micro-sparking is measured at the generator neutral. Micro-sparking is often intermittent due to the very thin gap involved that can be contaminated with dirt, chemical residue, oil, or rust. The detected audio component is a buzzing sound that is a function of the PRF. Most EMI signatures are a combination of the five basic types, and they are always combined with a variety of man-made noise sources. Gross problems such as broken or shorting conductor strands are obvious and easy to detect. Other problems such as loose phase rings, contamination, and internal corona are more subtle and harder to isolate particularly when deterioration is in the early stages.

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In the old and still lingering days of gas-powered vehicles, knowing when to replace the car battery was one of the most important skills that made a good driver. Furthermore, rapidly advancing battery technology usually meant that by the time the old one was kaput, there was always some new version on the market. A battery that could do more, hold more power and, ultimately, manage its power expenditure intelligently. There were all sorts of car batteries, from nickel-cadmium to lithium-ion, and the introduction of the smart battery management system certainly made them more efficient. This is unsurprising when we consider not only how important vehicles are but also how fast battery technology advances. Innovative battery manufacturers Pale Blue Earth say the reason for this is that battery power is intimately related to the commonly held consumer desire for sustainable sources of energy. The AA or AAA batteries found around the household are still there, but now they are AA or AAA USB C-type rechargeable smart batteries (although resembling the household batteries of old). The same thing happened to car batteries until, suddenly, quite a bigger battery was needed. EV Batteries Today We are talking, of course, about the batteries used to power electric vehicles. Whereas a car battery previously powered the ignition, the lights, and the aircon, now it must power the car itself. Naturally, these batteries are significantly larger and, inevitably, considerably more expensive. So, do you need to replace them? The rate of battery technology advancement in recent years certainly suggests that EV battery replacement might be worthwhile if the battery you are getting is a serious upgrade on the previous one. With most car manufacturers having pledged to end the production of gas-powered vehicles by sometime around the 2030s, it is clear that we are soon going to need a great many car batteries. This is a number that is currently in excess of global production. With this ever-present incentive to advance battery technology then, it is clear that there could be a lot to be gained from an EV battery upgrade. But is it practical, and when comes the point where the old battery just doesn’t cut it anymore? New EV Batteries As things stand, there are four different types of EV batteries available. Although you could technically mix and match, these usually come with the car itself. They are: - lithium-ion batteries (by far the most common) - nickel-metal hydride batteries - lead-acid batteries It should be stressed that these battery types don’t simply represent one battery; there are improved versions of all of these in content development. Yet, you will probably not be driven to replace any of these with a marginally better version of the same. With new types of car batteries though, it could be a different story. In development right now is the so-called Ultra-Fast Carbon Electrode, which is a device that can be attached to your existing battery and purportedly significantly increase its power storage and operational efficiency. Something like this is what form the first EV battery upgrades take, and it doesn’t require removing the existing battery. It is precisely this that makes it an attractive EV battery upgrade – if only it were on the market now! There are many other expected developments, mainly revolving around increasing battery power and reducing it cost. Given how many batteries we can expect to need before long, reducing the costly materials used could become a necessity. So, should you replace your EV battery? It’s probably too early for that now, but there are exciting developments on the horizon.

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On August 7, 1996 headlines across the country emblazoned the news that NASA had identified evidence of life on Mars. A meteorite named AHL84001 had been found in the Antarctic and was studied by a team of ten NASA and Stanford University scientists. Their conclusion was that life was present on Mars some 3.6 billion years ago. 1 The meteorite was thought to have been catapulted off the Martian surface into space by a comet or asteroid and eventually found its way to earth some 13,000 years ago. Microscopic examination of the specimen showed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which they believed to be associated with fossilized microorganisms from Mars. Microscopic examination showed an elongated beaded structure thought to resemble a fossilized microorganism. The media roundly endorsed the findings, and then-sitting President Clinton celebrated its significance. However, I remember that I had a few questions about their conclusions. The United States had previously landed both Viking 1 and Viking 2 space crafts on the surface of Mars in 1975. Both probes sent back panoramic photos of the Martian surface, which demonstrated only rocks and dust. The two probes also tested soil samples. There were no signs of life. I was also puzzled how one could assure that an Antarctic rock originated from Mars rather than from some other source. Even a thermonuclear explosion here on earth does not catapult debris into outer space. How did the rock get here from Mars? Also does the finding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons guarantee that the only source was a living organism? Remarkably, the response by the scientific community did not endorse NASA’s conclusion. Several scientists claimed that “polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons” can be formed naturally and do not support the presence of life on Mars. 2 Since 1996, there have been several Mars Rovers placed on the Martian surface which have completed more advanced chemical analysis of soil and rocks. No signs of life have been identified. The stunning announcement of 1996 has since fizzled and is no longer a topic of discussion. However, the incident raises several questions to ponder. The first issue is why the media so willingly endorsed the claim of extraterrestrial life? Perhaps our culture is inundated with movies, books, television programs, stories of UFOs etc. that depict aliens of various sorts and make this belief easier to accommodate. Perhaps Darwinism is so widely accepted that the presence of life on Mars would only serve to verify the theory. The second issue raises the age-old debate: Are we alone? Is there life out there? There has been an ongoing effort by scientists and some government-sponsored entities to detect extraterrestrial life or intelligence since the 1960s. In our own solar system “neighborhood,” the effort to look for extraterrestrial life has resulted in placement of probes on the surface of the moon, the planets Venus and Mars, and the Saturn moon Titan. The Apollo moon landings five decades ago did not give evidence of life on the moon. The Soviet Union landed two probes (Venera 13 and 14) on the surface of Venus in the early 1980s. The Venera photos show a stark wasteland of rock and dust. 3 In 2005, the European Space Agency and NASA landed a probe on the Saturn moon Titan. Photos of the descent and landing show a deserted wasteland with no sign of life. There have been numerous probes that have either landed on or strolled across the surface of Mars, but life has not been identified in the search. There has been some discussion about the Saturn moon Enceladus being a possible habitat for life, as it has an ocean of water covered with ice. However, extraterrestrial intelligent life (or microscopic life) has not been identified anywhere in our solar system. The next frontier for exploration was to examine the stars. The search for extraterrestrial life came to the scientific forefront in the early 1960s by Professor Frank Drake working out of Cornell University. He was the first scientist to point a radio telescope at a star and listen for intelligent signals. Since that time, there have been numerous projects that have listened to outer space, with each project being more expansive and technically advanced than its predecessor. These endeavors stretch the expanse of our country, ranging from multiple cooperating locations and university affiliates. Project Big Ear Radio Observatory in Ohio listened for extraterrestrial radio signals from 1973 to 1995. This effort was continued by Project Phoenix which examined about 800 nearby star systems for intelligent signals from 1995 to 2015. The High Resolution Microwave Survey scanned millions of frequencies from 1992 to 1993. Under the direction of the University of California at Berkeley, Project Serendip worked out of the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico from 2009 to 2016. In 1984, the SETI Institute was created with the sole purpose of coordinating the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Board members included Dr. Frank Drake and Dr. Carl Sagan. The institute continues today working out of the Carl Sagan Research Center in Mountain View California. The SETI Institute, in cooperation with the University of California at Berkeley, designed and built the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) in Shasta County California. The ATA, an array of 42 radio telescopes, functions for the sole purpose of searching for extraterrestrial intelligence. The ATA has been augmented and enhanced over the years and is currently still operating. It has the unusual capacity to scan large areas of the sky for signals in relatively short periods of time. The array generates an enormous volume of data which requires processing by complicated computer analysis. Computers peer into the data looking for signals that have either a narrow bandwidth or other signs of intelligence. In 1999, SETI@home was launched by the SETI Institute to engage in open-source research and to allow access and use of personal computers to assist with their calculations. Personal computers are voluntarily accessed via the internet when not being used by the owner. As of March 2020, over 91,000 active users assist the project with their home computers. 4 This enormous computing capacity helps process the data in the search for signs of life. In 2016 project Breakthrough Listen, under the direction of the SETI Institute, started a 10-year survey of over one million of the closest stars in about 100 galaxies. Project Breakthrough Listen feeds small segments of their data to individual home computers for processing. Much of the accumulated signal has been able to be processed by the SETI@home network. A typical signal from outer space represents a signal strength as a function of time, somewhat like a wavy line moving across a computer screen. A signal may be grouped in limited time periods lasting about 1–2 minutes to facilitate computer processing. The signals are then subjected to a mathematical transformation called “Fast Fourier Transform.” This transformation results in a three-dimensional graph of signal strength as a function of both time and frequency in Hertz. 5 Each of the resulting signal spikes requires separate complicated processing. These mathematical manipulations necessitate a robust computing capacity. The reader may not be familiar with mathematical processing, but it underscores the need for a large computing capacity to analyze the data for signs of intelligence. It is somewhat akin to a computer finding the sound of a soft violin in front of the noise of Niagara Falls. The scientists of project Breakthrough Listen have been processing signals from space for many years. Along with the numerous other SETI projects, the search for extraterrestrial life has endured now for 60 years. Have any of these multiple searches indeed found evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence? I will quote from the SETI website: “No.” They are honest about their findings, and they anticipate that further searches will at some point be successful in identifying extraterrestrial intelligence. This brings us to the famous Drake Equation put forth by Professor Frank Drake in 1961, which serves to calculate the number of extraterrestrial intelligences that might populate our universe. The equation is as follows: 6 N = R* ⋅ fP ⋅ ne ⋅ fl ⋅ fi ⋅ fc ⋅ L , N is the number of intelligent civilizations, R* is the rate of star formation, fP is the fraction of stars that have planets, ne is the number of planets that could support life, fl is the fraction of planets that develop life, fi is the fraction of planets with life that develop intelligence, fc is the fraction of civilizations that develop communication, and L is the mean length of time that civilization can communicate. Dr. Drake himself estimated that N represents about 10,000 intelligent civilizations. With the identification of numerous planets outside of our solar system by modern astronomers, it seems likely that our universe has a significant number of planets that could occupy the “habitable zone” of appropriate distance from a sun. Such planets would be neither too hot nor too cold to support the presence of life. A small percentage may actually have water. One can argue that all of the factors in the Drake equation represent a non-zero entity except one, fi, the fraction which represents those planets that develop life. That is, the fraction of planets where life develops randomly from the inorganic chemicals found on that planet. Science has advanced to the point where the exact chemical structure of proteins, enzymes, cell walls, cell receptors, energy cycles, DNA, ribosomes, etc. is known. The biochemical processes of an early primitive organism such as bacteria are known in exquisite detail. The DNA sequencing, the metabolic pathways, and the process of replication are all understood. So the question arises: In what sequence does the random addition of simple molecules lead to the development of life? In what order does random chance need to position the inorganic to result in the living? The question is not one of general theories, but of the specifics for each chemical step. Despite all the scientific community’s collective efforts and resources, no one has the answer to this question. We have a situation in which modern science does not have an answer for a basic factor of the Drake equation, but random processes are proposed to solve the problem for us. Science cannot answer the question, but randomization can. This is counterintuitive. Where in our experience do we see this happen? Do cars or cell phones randomly assemble themselves? Do bricks positioned on an empty property synthesize a house? Of course not. If fl is zero, then N is zero also. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been up to now unproductive for over 60 years. Extensive and complicated searches have not yielded evidence for other civilizations in the stars. SETI enthusiasts believe that their search will be successful in due time. Could it be that their lack of success is because there is no extraterrestrial life? The obstacle of inorganic molecules being incapable of organizing themselves into life would be the same obstacle in a distant galaxy. Are not the rules of chemistry the same throughout our universe? The search for extraterrestrial intelligence will certainly continue in our current scientific climate. Nonetheless, their continued lack of success should stimulate questions about why this is the case. The Apostle Paul in the last chapter of his final letter states: For the time will come when people will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths. But you, keep your head in all situations, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist, discharge all the duties of your ministry. 2 Tim. 4:3–5 In my personal view of this debate, all living things on earth were created in the first week by God Himself. 7 Science cannot reproduce His work. How much less can this be accomplished by mindless chance? The prospect of success for the SETI program seems analogous to a man standing before a mound of bricks, looking for an edifice to appear. - 1McKay DS, Gibson EK, Thomas-Keprta KL, Vali H, Romanek CS, Clemett SJ, Chillier XD, Maechling CR, Zare RN (1996) Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in Martian meteorite ALH84001. Science 273 (5277): 924–930. doi: 10.1126/science.273.5277.924 - 2Shearer CK, Papike JJ (1996) Evaluating the evidence of past life on Mars (Technical Comment). Science 274 (5295):2121 - 3NASA Science (2021 Mar 17) The surface of Venus from Venera 13. https://science.nasa.gov/surface-venus-venera-13 Accessed 2022 Jul 20. - 4See https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/top_teams.php for the extensive list of teams participating in SETI@home. Accessed 2022 Jul 20. - 5See https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/sah_glossary/fft.php for a description of the SETI@home Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). - 6Howell E (2018 Apr 05) Drake equation: Estimating the odds of finding E.T. https://www.space.com/25219-drake-equation.html - 7See Genesis 1 of the New International Version, Biblica, https://www.biblica.com/bible/niv/genesis/1/ Accessed 2022 Jul 20.

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A lottery is a gambling game in which tickets are sold and prizes, usually cash or goods, are distributed to the winners through a random drawing. Lotteries are also widely used by governments and charitable organizations as a way to raise funds. They are popular because they are inexpensive to organize and attract large audiences. Many people believe that lottery play is addictive and can lead to serious problems. In addition to causing financial ruin, it can also have harmful effects on families and communities. The word “lottery” comes from the French verb loter, which means “to draw lots.” The practice of distributing property or other assets by lot is as old as humanity. The Bible contains numerous examples of lands and slaves being given away by lot, as well as the Saturnalian custom of having guests draw straws for various prizes during feasts. In modern times, state-sponsored lotteries are widespread, with more than 50 percent of Americans buying a ticket at least once a year. The prizes can be huge, ranging from cars to vacations to houses. Lottery advertisements tout the dazzling amounts that can be won and encourage viewers to spend money they might not otherwise have had. These ads are targeted to a broad demographic, but the players who actually buy tickets are disproportionately lower-income, less educated, and nonwhite. They are also prone to addiction and can find themselves in severe financial trouble after winning big. Almost all states have lotteries. They are promoted as a form of “painless taxation,” in which the public contributes voluntarily for a public good. This argument is especially powerful in periods of economic stress, when the prospect of tax increases or cuts in government spending can make citizens more willing to pay for a lottery. In order to maintain and increase their popularity, state lotteries have evolved over time. They typically begin with a modest set of games and expand to meet consumer demand. As a result, the games have come to include everything from instant scratch-off tickets to advanced computerized games that allow players to pick their numbers online. Lotteries are a popular source of entertainment, and they provide substantial profits to the states in which they operate. The money raised is often earmarked for specific purposes, such as education or highway construction. But critics argue that the games are unjust and regressive, and they can contribute to poverty by undermining other revenue sources. In the United States, there are more than a dozen legalized state lotteries, which are operated by government agencies or private promoters. Each state holds the lottery in accordance with its own laws. The games differ slightly from one another, but they all have similar features: They are based on chance; prizes are awarded by a random drawing of lots; the amount of the prize money is generally fixed; and the proceeds of the lottery are deposited in the state treasury or a special fund.

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The most common domestic hive is the movable Langstroth type, made up of stacked boxes. Each box contains tray-like frames made of wax or plastic, which slide in vertically and provide a base for the wax honeycomb cells. Honey is deposited in the upper boxes, and the lower boxes house the queen and most of the bees. After the beekeeper has removed the honey, the frames are usually returned to the hive so more honey can be deposited. Workers begin the beehive by building a lattice of beeswax – a honeycomb. Its cells will contain the growing young and store honey and pollen. Building is hard work – it takes as much food to make a kilogram of beeswax honeycomb as it does to produce 8 kilograms of honey. It has been estimated that bees have to fly the equivalent of 1,160,000 kilometres to produce 1 kilogram of beeswax. Workers use wax taken from 12–17-day-old worker bees, which secrete the wax from glands on the underside of their abdomen. The size of the glands depends on the bee’s age. For wax secretion to occur, the temperature in the hive has to be 33–36°C. In commercial hives, beekeepers recycle most of the beeswax so the bees can concentrate their energy on making honey. The life of worker bees Worker bees have a busy but short life, the duration of which depends on the season – four or five months in winter, but only six weeks in summer. Having just emerged from egg, larva and pupa stages, adult workers stay inside the hive. They clean previously used cells so they are ready for new eggs, feed larvae, build honeycombs and store food. Food storage involves sealing dried honey into cells with a wax cap. Pollen brought into the hive for feeding the brood is also stored. It is blended with a small amount of honey to prevent spoiling, then the mixture is firmly packed into comb cells. The term honeymoon came from the old custom of giving newlyweds mead (an alcoholic drink made of fermented honey) for the first 30 days of their marriage. Young nurse bees (workers 3–5 days old) feed worker larvae ‘beebread’ made of pollen and honey. Advanced nurse bees (workers 6–11 days old) feed royal jelly to the queen larva and to drone and worker larvae which are 1-3 days old. Drones do not feed themselves – they are fed on demand by workers. The next phase of the worker’s life is to take a short turn at ventilating and guarding the hive. They fan the hive to cool it during the day and dry the honey at night. To guard the entrance of the hive, workers check incoming bees to ensure they have the correct odour and are bringing in food. Strangers are attacked and may be killed. The final period of a worker’s life is spent foraging for nectar and pollen.

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Managing the sheer volume and complexity of data generated daily poses an unprecedented challenge for organizations in the modern digital landscape. This exponential data growth, fueled by technological innovations and widespread digital adoption, presents significant cybersecurity and compliance risks. Organizations need effective data minimization and governance strategies to maintain control over their valuable assets and address security, privacy, and regulatory concerns. With this expansion of digital footprint, organizations grapple with critical data management questions. How much data is stored in the environment? Where is sensitive data stored? Is it adequately protected from emerging threats like data breaches, ransomware, or malicious insiders? Who owns the data? Which data is obsolete, abandoned, or redundant? Which data can be deleted? Evolving regulatory standards around data privacy and compliance further amplify these concerns, making data management a top business priority. Strategic Solution for Data Management To tackle these data-related challenges, organizations require the ability to gain insight into their environment and make informed decisions regarding their data — determining what data needs protection and what should be purged. These capabilities include: Data Asset Identification: This involves the determination of the organization’s unstructured and structured data assets. By mapping out where all data resides – from cloud to on-premise environment – companies can begin to understand the scope of their data landscape. Data Discovery: The process of data discovery goes beyond mere identification. It involves understanding the nature of the data, its relevance to business operations, and its compliance requirements. For instance, a company handling customer data must comply with GDPR, necessitating a thorough understanding of where and how this data is stored. Data Classification: Effective data classification segregates data based on sensitivity and relevance. For example, personal information, intellectual property, and financial records are susceptible and require stringent protection compared to general operational data. Data Minimization: In the spirit of ‘less is more,’ data minimization involves systematically purging redundant, outdated, or abandoned data. This streamlines data management, significantly reducing storage costs and improving data processing efficiency. Access Analytics: Enforcement of strong access management requires a detailed understanding of who has access to sensitive data and where sensitive data is overexposed. Access analytics can uncover potential vulnerabilities, like elevated privileges to sensitive data, third-party access, or permissions to former employees, thereby bolstering data security. Data Governance: Data governance encompasses policies, procedures, and standards that ensure data is used and managed appropriately. It’s about having a clear framework for data usage, protection, retention, and storage, essential in a landscape where data breaches are increasingly common, and privacy regulations are a mandate. Enhancement of Security, Privacy and Compliance Managing the vast oceans of data in today’s digital era requires a holistic approach. Through the integration of data protection and access management, coupled with robust program governance, consistent processes, and technology automation, organizations can effectively minimize unnecessary data that no longer provides value to their business and focus time and energy on safeguarding what truly matters. This will not only allow them to shrink their digital footprint and reduce costs but also address diverse concerns related to security, privacy, and compliance. Finally, as we move further into the digital age, the ability to effectively manage data will not just be a competitive advantage–it will be a necessity.

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Analysis and Monitoring of Cyanotoxins Every summer it is increasingly common to see toxic algae appear in freshwater rivers and lakes across the world. This fact is due to the increased temperatures caused by climate change, together with the eutrophication of waters – the increase in nutrients such as nitrates, phosphates, and sulphates – due to agricultural activity. These excess nutrients can lead to the proliferation of the growth of cyanobacteria species such as Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix, which can produce different families of cyanotoxins, such as microcystins and anatoxins. These toxins have very harmful effects on the health of people exposed to them, as well as the health of many other animal species. Microcystins can also accumulate in fish, thus causing an additional food safety problem. The presence of cyanotoxins in water has only recently been considered a health problem. Currently, it is considered one of the greatest health risks derived from water consumption. This is why countries such as the United States and Canada are passing increasingly restrictive legislation concerning the maximum concentration of cyanotoxins in drinking water. Meanwhile, European legislation is still very far from these standards. Spain is one of the few European countries that has specific legislation on the presence of cyanotoxins in drinking water and Royal Decree 1420/2003 establishes the overall microcystin limits in the outlets of drinking water treatment stations. However, it does not establish the type of microcystins to be controlled or measured, nor does it recommend any concrete analytical methodology. Dr Xavier Ortiz Almirall, a Professor and Researcher with the IQS Environmental Laboratory, has been analysing these harmful compounds for more than six years. Specifically, Dr Ortiz was responsible for developing the methods to analyse and monitor cyanotoxins for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment in Toronto, Canada. How to analyse and characterise cyanotoxins Due to the analytical complexity of these compounds (some families of toxins can have hundreds of different varieties), they must be analysed using the most sophisticated Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry techniques. As such, in collaboration with the SCIEX-IQS Demo Lab, the experts at IQS have begun working on monitoring different places and fine-tuning analytical methods to control these pollutants, as well as describing new types, using the advanced HPLC-MS equipment (QTOF X500B, QTRAP® 7500) available in this unit. - M. Tabatabaei Anaraki, R. S. Shahmohamadloo, P. K. Sibley, K. A. MacPherson, S. P. Bhavsar, A. J. Simpson, X. Ortiz Almirall. Optimization of an MMPB Lemieux Oxidation method for the quantitative analysis of microcystins in fish tissue by LC-QTOF MS. Science of the Total Environment, 2020 (737), 140209. Enlace de la fuente - X. Ortiz Almirall, E. Korenkova, K. J. Jobst, K. A. MacPherson, E. J. Reiner. A high throughput targeted and non-targeted method for the analysis of microcystins and anatoxin-A using on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2017 (409), 4959-4969. Enlace de la fuente

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As we wrote in an April CvT article, Biden’s election brings a new dynamic to the United Nations. This is especially evident in the UN Security Council (UNSC); the UNSC is the UN body formed to handle conflict and crises. Its three roles are to peacefully settle disputes, direct the peacekeeping force, and use enforcement measures against states as needed. There are five permanent members: China, France, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom, as well as ten temporary members with two-year terms. As I discuss below, the primary power of the permanent members is the veto. Despite China’s current status, it was not one of the original members of the UNSC. Until 1971, the Republic of China, or Taiwan, was one of the permanent members instead. The US worked to block Beijing throughout its push for recognition by postponing reviews in the 1950s, and in the 1960s, it pressured the General Assembly to recognize China’s movement to replace Taiwan in the United Nations as an important question that required a two-thirds vote. Meanwhile, the UNSC was unable to move freely during the Cold War as the US and the Soviet Union frequently used their veto to block any action proposed or supported by the other. More recently, China has joined this relationship as it has formed a tactical alignment with Russia – both of whom often veto movements together. The UNSC and the power of the veto The veto is one of the primary powers granted to the permanent members of the UNSC; it allows a member nation to block any action that others put forward. The establishment of the veto ensured the powerful, permanent members could reach a consensus while preventing a single country from having special privileges, a key distinction from the League of Nations. This capability, however, soon provided the five members with a new tool to advance their own foreign policy objectives. Of the five members, Russia (including the period in which the Soviet Union held the seat), the United States, and China have used the veto the most. Between 1989 and 2019, the US cast twenty-three vetoes on its own – primarily on proposed movements surrounding the Middle East, while China cast thirteen vetoes with Russia and two on its own. These two agenda items concerned Macedonia and Central America and were both indirectly related to Taiwan and its recognition in the international community. The Council on Foreign Relations notes that China’s use of the veto has increased in recent years, aligning with its growing ties with Russia and more assertive foreign policy goals. This has illicitly caused the other countries to become more hesitant about the movements they put forward. For example, the United Kingdom resisted drafting movements in response to the 1 February coup in Myanmar (also known as Burma) as they foresaw it would be opposed and vetoed by one or more of the other members. These concerns were presumably in relation to China, who had previously blocked the Security Council from condemning the coup. These reactions make China’s veto, or at least its threat, more noticeable as Beijing’s motive to use this power transitions from supporting traditional interests in domestic affairs and more towards advancing its increasingly assertive foreign policy. In this vein, China’s resistance to international intervention in global affairs has put it on a collision course with the US in the UNSC, who has resumed its traditional support for multilateral responses. Biden’s election shuffles the status quo On 18 March, President Biden virtually hosted representatives from the permanent members of the UNSC to reaffirm the US presence in international institutions with the aim of improving international health security, ending the global pandemic, spurring a global economic recovery, and joining the UN’s Group of Friends on Climate and Security. This rededication to an international presence has also included a commitment to increased activity in the UNSC; Biden noted a need for action in countries like Myanmar, Syria, and Ethiopia. These changes will bring the US back into the fold and mark a noticeable deviation from the past four years of Trump’s isolationist policies. This ideological shift has reshuffled relationships within the Security Council. At a UNSC meeting on multilateralism in May, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken criticized China and Russia’s lack of commitment to multilateralism. Russia later rebuked the US with more direct comments, which struck a stark contrast with the relatively warmer relations of the previous four years and provided a glimpse of what can be expected during the next three and a half years of Biden’s term. While Blinken was more subtle than his Russian counterpart, their respective comments bring the three countries’ relationships into international light; Washington’s renewed promotion of multilateral relations challenges its previous relations with Beijing and Moscow while bringing it closer to the multilateral organizations from which it had drifted. This stance also draws it back into a position to challenge China’s role on the international stage. What comes next? The UNSC has seen several transformations since its creation in 1945. Many now argue that it is time for the body to adapt once again; the greatest requested change is to expand the number of permanent members. For an amendment to pass, however, it must receive unanimous approval by the five permanent members. It is unlikely that a modification of this scope will happen soon, and observers expect to see the beginning of a new cold war in the Security Council between China and the US as the latter resumes its presence in the UN and other multilateral organizations. Washington’s vocal reassertion draws it into opposition with both China and Russia, who show signs of a growing relationship. A Brookings report suggests that the US should respond by moving closer to the United Kingdom and France – the other two permanent members – to counter this alignment. The three countries could then work to build alliances with the ten temporary members, though China has developed a relationship with many countries in Africa and often has ties with the countries that take the continent’s three allocated seats. As certain movements in the UNSC require a majority vote from the fifteen seats, these alliances can prove to be quite valuable. China’s stronger position in the UNSC corresponds with Xi Jinping’s vision of greater Chinese influence and presence in the United Nations. As the United States and China continue to strengthen their roles in the UN, a new cold war in the UN Security Council may be brewing.

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Blueberries are a delicious and healthy fruit that can be grown in home gardens with the right conditions. Blueberry plants require acidic soil with a pH between 4.5-5.5 and like lots of organic matter. They also have shallow root systems and need irrigation. By providing the proper soil environment and care, you can harvest pounds of plump, juicy blueberries from your own backyard. Growing companion plants alongside blueberries can be beneficial in several ways. Certain plants can help improve soil conditions for blueberries, attract pollinators, provide shade or wind protection, or repel pests. Choosing the right blueberry companion plants allows you to maximize your garden space and create symbiotic relationships between plants. Selecting a Planting Site When choosing where to plant blueberries, site selection is key. Blueberries require: |Blueberry plants need at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. Morning sun is preferable to help dry foliage after rain or dew. |Blueberries cannot tolerate wet feet. Ensure water drains away from the root zone. Raised beds can improve drainage. |Acidic Soil with Organic Matter |Test soil pH and amend with sulfur to reach an acidic level if needed. Mix in compost or peat moss. |Shelter from Wind and Temperature Extremes |While allowing for good air circulation, buffer plants from harsh elements. Preparing the Soil Blueberries need acidic soil with lots of organic matter. When preparing a new planting bed: Check the Soil pH: The ideal pH range is between 4.5-5.5. Test kits are inexpensive and provide results within minutes. Lower the pH if Needed: Mix elemental sulfur into the soil, allowing 6-12 months before planting for full effect. Add Compost and Peat Moss: Incorporate generous amounts of organic materials like compost, peat moss, rotted manure. Create Raised Beds: Building up planting mounds will improve drainage. Selecting Blueberry Plants Choose blueberry varieties suited to your growing zone. Early, mid and late-season cultivars will extend your harvest. Check plant tags for chill hour requirements. Popular Varieties Include: Purchase Certified, Virus-Free Plants Buy 1-2 year old plants from reputable nurseries. Reject plants with discolored stems or leaves. Follow these tips when placing blueberry plants in prepared garden beds: - Allow Enough Space: Give mature plants 6 feet between centers, with rows 8-10 feet apart. - Plant at Correct Depth: Ensure the root ball sits no deeper than 1 inch below soil level. - Water Thoroughly: Water well upon planting and as needed until established. Caring for Blueberry Plants Proper watering, pruning and fertilization keeps plants healthy and productive: |Water 1-2 Inches per Week |Blueberries are shallow-rooted. Consistent moisture is important. |Mulch Around Plants |Aged bark chips or pine needles help retain soil moisture and acidity. |Prune for Shape and Productivity |Prune out old stems after harvest. Tip back overgrown tops. |Apply Sulfur if Soil pH Rises |Recheck pH yearly and add sulfur if needed to maintain acid levels. |Fertilize with Acid Fertilizer |Use acidic fertilizer made for blueberries at bud break and again after harvest. Companion Plants for Blueberries Adding the right companion plants around blueberries enhances the garden in many ways: Improve Pollination: Attract bees, butterflies, hummingbirds and other pollinators. Repel Pests: Deter aphids, beetles, caterpillars and flies. Enhance Soil Conditions: Fix nitrogen, accumulate minerals, improve drainage. Provide Support: Sturdy nearby plants offer wind protection. Complement Growth Habits: Early and late harvest times extend fruiting seasons. Here are some of the best choices for blueberry companion plants: The red tubular flowers of wild columbine attract hummingbirds which also pollinate blueberry blooms. Columbine grows well in wooded areas and enjoys the same soil conditions preferred by blueberries. Since it emerges early in spring, columbine flowers provide nectar before blueberry bushes even bloom. It Looks beautiful interplanted with blueberries. With its red or pink flower clusters, bee balm lures butterflies and bees to your landscape. The lavender-scented foliage deters common blueberry pests like Japanese beetles, aphids and flies. Being a member of the mint family, bee balm spreads easily so site it carefully. But allow some to wander among your blueberry bushes. The feathery flower plumes of Astilbe brighten up shady areas where blueberries thrive. Various Astilbe species and cultivars provide interest spring through fall. The wide leaves help shelter blueberry plants from wind and sun. Astilbe improves drainage and air circulation with its loose growing habit. Russian sage is prized for its silvery foliage and beautiful blue flower spikes. It attracts bees while repelling Japanese beetles. Since Russian sage blooms during summer it provides bloom overlap with blueberries. It adapts readily to acid soil yet handles some drought. Give it space to fill in around blueberries. False indigo is a native flowering shrub that hosts nitrogen-fixing bacteria on its roots to enrich the soil. The purple flowers appear just as blueberries finish bloom. It grows several feet tall but does not spread invasively. False indigo is useful as a border or background plant in the blueberry patch. This perennial herb has pretty, lacey leaves and summer-blooming flower heads that attract ladybugs, parasitic wasps and other beneficial insects that prey on blueberry pests. Being deep-rooted, yarrow does not compete with shallow blueberry roots. And since it repels Japanese beetles that damage blueberry bushes, plant plenty of yarrow throughout the blueberry patch. The bright orange and yellow blossoms of calendula cheer up any garden. Calendula repels aphids, whiteflies and other insects that bother blueberries. It also inhibits weed growth. Scatter calendula seed or tuck in transplants around the base of blueberry bushes and allow some flowers between plants. Calendula blooms constantly if spent blossoms get removed. Marigolds deter nematodes, aphids and rabbits. They produce chemical compounds that limit weed growth. As a bonus, marigold flowers can be used in salads. For best effect interplant marigold throughout blueberry beds. Choose shorter varieties like ‘Petite Mix’ so tall blueberry plants don’t get lost behind them. Spearmint, orange mint, peppermint and other culinary mints enrich soil with nutrients through their vigorous root systems. They repel aphids, mites, flea beetles, flies and mosquitoes when planted near blueberries. Be aware that their spreading nature requires keeping them contained in pots or limited garden areas. White clover makes an excellent living mulch between blueberry plants, fixing nitrogen from the air into the soil. Its shallow roots don’t compete with blueberry roots. And since clover blooms at a low growth height, it won’t obstruct pickers. The low carpet of green leaves cools soil and improves moisture retention. Like other aromatic herbs, oregano can help chase away troublesome insects. Research shows oregano oil provides fungicidal action against common blueberry pathogens. Tuck a few oregano plants around your blueberries or scatter seeds between plants as an attractive ground cover. The blueberry patch will smell great at harvest time! No insects bother nasturtiums due to the mustard oil they contain. Planting them around blueberries creates a protective buffer zone. Caterpillars and beetles will stay away. Butterflies visit the brightly colored nasturtium flowers but do no damage. Use nasturtiums at the garden edge or tuck them between blueberry plants. Companion Planting Tips: - Place taller companion plants north of lower-growing blueberry bushes to avoid shading. - Allow a 2 foot radius weed-free zone around each blueberry plant. - Group companion plants together in pockets rather than dot them randomly around. - Scatter beneficial attractant plants throughout the bed to interest pollinators. - Concentrate pest-deterring plants most heavily around the garden perimeter. By combining beauty and function, companion plants enhance blueberry plantings in many positive ways. Observe the interactions as your garden matures and keep notes for ongoing improvements. Soon you’ll have a thriving system where plants mutually support each other’s growth. Caring for Mature Blueberry Bushes Give blueberry plants attention over time to maintain health and fruit production: Water 1-2 Inches Weekly Blueberries need consistent soil moisture. Spread mulch to conserve water. Prune Out Old Stems Remove stems over 6 years old to improve productivity. Harvest Fruit Promptly Pick berries fully blue. Remove any damaged or spoiled fruit promptly. Guard Against Birds Use bird netting if necessary to allow humans to enjoy the ripe fruit. Scout for Pests Watch for signs of insects, mites, or disease. Take control measures as needed. Harvesting Blueberry Fruit Within 1-3 years after planting, blueberry bushes will begin bearing fruits. Enjoy summer harvests for 20 years or longer from mature plants. - White unripe blueberry fruit turns red, then purple, then blue when fully ripe. - IDEAL sugar content is around 14% at peak ripeness. - Each plant yields 5-20 pounds per year depending on age and variety. - Patience pays because fruit size and sweetness improve in years 2-5 before leveling off. How to Pick: Gently roll ripe berries off stems with thumb & forefinger to keep branches intact. - Harvest in early morning or cool evening. - Avoid bruising delicate fruit; use shallow containers. - Move picked berries out of sunlight promptly. - Refrigerate berries soon as possible after picking. - Store unwashed berries loosely covered in refrigerator 2-3 days maximum. - Freeze extra fruit on cookie sheets before storing in bags long term. Enjoy summer’s bounty! Blend berries into smoothies, fold into pancakes, layer into parfaits, sprinkle on salads or savor by the sweet handful. Homegrown blueberries simply can’t be beat! This in-depth guide covers all key aspects of successfully growing delicious blueberries and compatible companion plants in your backyard garden. Use the tips here to establish thriving bushes, harvest bumper crops of fruit, and keep your plants healthy for years of production. Common Pests and Diseases Even a well-cared for blueberry patch can sometimes have issues with insects, animals, or plant diseases. Being aware of potential problems is the first step. |These shiny green and copper beetles devour leaves and ripe fruit. Hand pick early before populations explode and use row covers to exclude them. |Robins, finches, and other birds love sweet blueberries as much as people. Protect ripening fruit with bird netting when necessary. |Tiny soft-bodied insects cluster on new growth and suck plant juices. Strong sprays of water can dislodge them. Ladybugs and lacewings will feed on them. |Mummy Berry Fungus |This disease first forms tan lesions on expanding leaves. Later fruit mummifies into grey masses. Remove affected fruit and mulch to suppress spores. |If cold snaps occur during bloom time, the flowers abort and no fruit forms. Cover plants when frost threatens until blossoms pass. |Rabbits and Deer |These large animals browse twigs and bark over winter. Use fencing, repellents, or scare devices to protect plantings. Be observant and take action promptly when any issues arise before irreparable damage occurs. This ensures a healthy, productive blueberry patch for years to come. Expanding Your Blueberry Planting As blueberry bushes mature, open up additional garden space for new plants. Expanding allows you to : - Add different blueberry varieties - Extend the harvest season - Increase total yields - Improve pollination Follow the same site preparation, plant selection, and planting steps outlined earlier. Over time you can grow enough blueberries to freeze, gift to friends and incorporate into jams, syrups and baked treats. Alternative Fruits for the Edible Landscape While blueberries have special soil needs, many other fruits grow well near them: Strawberries: Strawberry plants thrive around blueberry bushes if provided rich soil. The ripening times usually don’t overlap. Grow everbearing types for summer and fall harvests. Raspberries and Blackberries: Brambles tolerate more alkaline soil than blueberries but add beauty and delicious contrast to an edible garden. Plant thornless varieties for easier harvests if they won’t get too wild. Currants and Gooseberries: These woody shrubs produce edible spring fruits that precede blueberries. They tolerate some shade which allows planting them on the north side. Protect from imported currant worms that skeletonize leaves. Fruit Trees: Apples, cherries, pears and plums get planted in their own orchard area. But underplant blueberry bushes nearby to maximize production from the garden real estate. Grapes and Kiwi: Grow vigorous vines on sturdy trellises along sunny garden edges. They won’t harm blueberry plants. Just contain them to prevent heavy shade. Keep in mind pollination timing when siting plants near each other. Planning ahead promises a long harvest spanning multiple seasons. Soon you’ll enjoy homegrown fruits from spring through fall. Natural Pest and Disease Remedies If pests or diseases show up, try these organic treatment options first before turning to harsher chemical controls: - Insecticidal soap spray – Mix 2 Tbsp insecticidal soap with 1 gallon water. Spray on infested plants weekly until insects gone. Safe for people and pets when dry. - Neem oil – This organic oil deter pests and contains antifungal properties. Follow label rates. Reapply after rain. - Diatomaceous earth – Spread this powder made of crushed sea fossils on soil. It abrades soft-bodied insects. Nontoxic to mammals. - Pyrethrum spray – Made from chrysanthemum extracts, pyrethrum quickly knocks down insects but leaves no residual action. Don’t apply to blooms bees are actively working. - Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) – This natural bacteria kills leaf-eating caterpillars when they ingest it but spares other insects. Must be reapplied after rain. - Sulfur/lime sulfur – Controls fungal issues on contact by preventing spore production. Use caution as it may burn plants if over-applied during hot weather. Never mix with oils. - Compost tea – Steep quality compost in water for days then strain and spray. Boosts plants’ immune defenses against diseases. - Row covers – Cover plants with fabric at start of season to exclude insect pests. Remove during bloom so bees can pollinate. Focus first on cultural fixes like improving soil and plant health before issues spiral out of control. But have organic remedies ready to judiciously apply for more stubborn problems when needed. This balanced IPM (integrated pest management) approach helps nurture a naturally healthy, productive garden. Enjoying the Fruits of Your Labor After investing time establishing and tending your blueberry patch, make sure to enjoy the literal fruits of your labor once they start ripening! Berries fresh off the bush burst with sweet tangy flavor that store-bought fruits can’t match. - Garnish yogurt, oatmeal and other breakfast foods - Blend into smoothies, juices or lemonade - Mix with other fruits in parfaits or fruit salads - Fold into muffins, pancakes, coffee cakes - Stir into ice cream for dessert treats - Sprinkle on green salads for delicious contrast - Accompany meats like duck, chicken or pork - Toss with greens and feta or goat cheese - Freeze excess for year-round enjoyment Over time, get creative using blueberries in new ways. Preserve abundant harvests as jams, jellies, syrups or dehydrated fruit leathers. Package homemade blueberry products attractively for holiday gift-giving. Most importantly, cultivate appreciation for the native fruits produced organically right in your own backyard. There’s nothing more satisfying than harvesting and eating just-picked blueberries still warm from the summer sun! From proper plant selection to harvest time excitement, blueberries are a rewarding fruit to cultivate in home gardens. Given acidic, organic-rich soil and adequate irrigation, blueberry plants will reward you with abundant clusters of sweet, nutritious berries. Interplanting blueberry bushes with attractive companion plants that deter pests, enhance pollination, or improve soil conditions creates a high-functioning edible landscape. Once mature, a well-designed blueberry patch essentially takes care of itself while producing fruit year after year. Make this the year you plant blueberries if suitable space allows. Follow the helpful growing guidelines outlined above for establishing new bushes or improving existing ones. With reasonable care, your plants will bear delicious fruit for decades as a legacy for your family and community. With proper care, a healthy blueberry plant can remain productive for 20-25 years. Prune out old stems regularly to encourage new fruiting wood. Use an acidic fertilizer formulated specially for blueberries. Apply per label directions in early spring and again after harvest. Avoid high nitrogen formulas. Prune in late winter or very early spring before buds swell and break dormancy. Avoid pruning immediately after harvest when plants are stressed. Space mature blueberry plants at least 6 feet apart in rows 8-10 feet apart to allow air circulation and access between plants for care, pollination and harvesting. Yes, pinch off any flowers the first spring to redirect the plant’s energy into root and canopy establishment rather than fruit production. This harmless epicuticular wax coating on leaves helps retain moisture. Don’t confuse it with the pathogenic white fungal growth of powdery mildew disease. Use an inexpensive soil test kit. Or monitor with hydrangeas since they require the same pH range as blueberries to produce blue flowers. Yes, pine straw makes excellent mulch to retain soil moisture and acidity preferred by blueberries. Spread several inches deep around plants, leaving space near trunks.

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Cholesterol is measured in three ways, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Cholesterol is determined by a couple of different factors genetics, diet and exercise. One’s diet is the easiest factor to control. However, peoples eating habits have declined over the years and diets are filled with highly processed, high fat, and high sugar foods. This raises the bodies LDL bad cholesterol and lowers the HDL good cholesterol. High LDL cholesterol levels are bad because it raises blood pressure, increases plaque build up in arteries and increases the risk for heart disease and heart attack. Lowering your bad cholesterol should be a major concern and by eating these foods you can start reducing your LDL levels today. Remember to eat a variety of these foods on a daily basis to get the maximum cholesterol lowering effects. 1. Oats/Oatmeal– Oats are part of the whole grain group of food and should be consumed on a daily basis. Oats are one of the best sources of soluble fiber. It is recommended to consume 20-35 grams of fiber a day, with 5-10 grams being soluble fiber. Due to the switch to highly processed flour and refined grains, which are cheaper and easier to produce, Americans are taking in less fiber and our cholesterols are rising because of it. Soluble fiber is important in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) also known as bad cholesterol. Soluble fiber works by reducing both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. So eat a bowl of oatmeal or cold oat based cereal to boost your fiber intake and lower your cholesterol. Also include oat bran, barley and other whole grains n your diet to reduce your risk for heart disease. 2. Beans– Beans are another source of valuable soluble fiber. Therefore eating 1/2 cup of beans a day can reduce your cholesterol. Additionally beans fill you up and take a long time to be digested by the body. This is why beans are a perfect food to lower cholesterol. Plus there are so many different choices of beans such as navy, kidney, pinto, lentils, garbanzos, black eye peas, etc. 3. Nuts– Nuts such as almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecans, pistachios, and some pine nuts are great for lowering LDL cholesterol and raising good HDL cholesterol. Nuts are rich in unsaturated fats, which keep the blood vessel to the heart healthy. These fats make LDL cholesterol unable to oxidize therefore reducing the plaque build up in arteries, which can cut off blood flow to the heart. By reducing plaque build up you reduce your risk for heart disease. Nuts are high in calories so limit your intake to about a handful or 1.5 ounces a day and avoid salted or sugar coated nuts. 4. Olive oil– Olive oil is rich in antioxidants and monounsaturated fats, which lower LDL cholesterol. Olive oil is also rich in phenolics, a plant substance that makes blood less likely to clot. Because olive oil is high in calories, limit your intake to 2 tablespoons a day. To reap all the heart health benefits of olive oil use it in place of butter, lard, or shortening. To get even better cholesterol lowering effect use extra virgin olive oil because the oil is less processed and contains more antioxidants. Other vegetable oils such as canola, sunflower and safflower oil also provide cholesterol-lowering benefits to the body. 5. Fish-Fish, especially fatty fish are a heart healthy addition to ones diet. Fatty fish have high levels of omega 3 fatty acids, which reduce blood pressure, and development of blood clots. Omega 3 fatty acids reduce triglycerides in the bloodstream, which lowers LDL cholesterol and keeps blood vessels clear and healthy. Fish should be consumed at least 2 times a week. Examples of fatty fishes include salmon, halibut, mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, and albacore tuna. The best way to consume fish is by baking or grilling it. Omega 3’s and fish oils are available in supplementation, however fresh fish have additional nutrients such as selenium that you will miss out on when taking the pills. 6. Fruit– Fruit is a great food for a healthy body. In addition to their vitamins they are low in calories and should consume 4-6 servings of a day. Fruits such as apples, grapes, strawberries, and citrus fruits are rich in pectin a soluble fiber that helps to lower cholesterol. Blueberries have been called a superfood because of its nutritional benefits to the body. Blueberries lower LDL cholesterol in the blood, which reduces plaque build up in the arteries. Blueberries help support liver function by removing cholesterol from the system more quickly. Avocadoes are also a heart healthy fruit, full of monounsaturated fats. Avocadoes lower LDL cholesterol and remove triglycerides from the blood stream. Avocadoes are high in calories so limit your intake to a few slices per serving. 7. Vegetables– Vegetables are very healthy for the body as a whole. They are full of vitamins and minerals are very low in calories and you should consume 6-8 servings of vegetables a day. Tomatoes are full of lycopene, which inhibit LDL production. Lycopene lowers LDL cholesterol and breaks down artery clogging plaque. Asparagus, beets, okra, carrots, eggplant, green beans, and cauliflower also help to lower cholesterol. When these vegetables are served steamed it improves their cholesterol fighting abilities. Steaming these vegetables helps to bind bile acids, therefore the liver requires more LDL cholesterol to make bile, further lowering LDL cholesterol. Sarah Labdar, “Naturally Lower Your Cholesterol Through the Food You Eat”, Better Health

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Axolotls, known as Mexican walking fish, are amazing creatures. They have a unique ability to regenerate their limbs and organs! There are ten types of axolotl morphs that exist in nature. Wild type axolotls have dark gray or brown skin. Leucistic axolotls have paler shades while golden albino axolotls have a glistening golden skin. Melanoid axolotls have pitch-black skin. Piebald axolotls have a mottled pattern resembling intricate artwork. Axanthic axolotls lack pigments altogether and have a pale complexion. Beyond color, there are morphs with specific physical traits. Translucent axolotls allow us to see their organs beneath their delicate skin. Feathered gill axolotls have fronds swaying underwater. It’s hard not to be captivated by the beauty of axolotls. If you’re an admirer or aspiring owner, don’t miss the chance to witness them firsthand. Experience their magnificence in their watery habitat! The Albino Axolotl is a unique type of axolotl morph. It has a captivating appearance due to its lack of pigmentation, resulting in a white or pale pink color. This sets it apart from other axolotls. Let’s take a closer look at the Albino Axolotl. It has fascinating traits, like its reddish-pink eyes, and external gills that flare when breathing. It can grow up to 12-14 inches in length. They are generally peaceful and social, preferring cooler water. Due to their lack of pigmentation, Albino Axolotls are more vulnerable to sunlight. Therefore, providing adequate shelter and maintaining suitable water conditions are essential for their health. In addition, these creatures have been central to scientific research for decades. This is because of their regenerative abilities, which have led to breakthroughs in areas such as tissue regeneration and wound healing. A table detailing the features of Leucistic Axolotls is below: |Pure white pigment throughout the body. |Clear pinkish coloration. |Feathery gills on either side of the head, for respiration underwater. |Adults reach a length of 9-12 inches, perfect for aquariums. Leucistic Axolotls are special! They have a unique coloration, plus pinkish eyes that mesmerize. Plus, their gills are both decorative and functional. Once fully grown, they measure 9-12 inches long. The story of Luna is one to remember. She was adopted by a loving owner, who was enchanted by her beauty. They formed an inseparable bond as Luna displayed her playful nature. Every day was filled with joy as her owner watched her gracefully swim. Luna’s presence brought delight to all who beheld her captivating allure. The Melanoid Axolotl is a striking creature. It bears a sleek and elegant look and its color is mainly black or dark brown. Its pigment? Melanin! This morph has been cherished by axolotl fans for generations due to its captivating look. Even in adulthood, its gills remain visible. It’s no wonder that the Melanoid Axolotl has become a popular choice among hobbyists and collectors alike. This unique morph still fascinates people with its beauty and is a key part of the axolotl realm. Axolotls are amazing critters, with a variety of colors and patterns. One of the most striking is the Golden Axolotl. It has a stunning, shining look that entrances everyone who sees it. This is what makes the Golden Axolotl so special: |A beautiful, glowing golden shade that radiates warmth and sophistication. |Black speckles or patches on its body, giving it more depth. |Fancy, gold gills, making it even more beautiful. |Striking black eyes, set against its golden background. |Normally grows to 8-10 inches when mature. But there’s more to the Golden Axolotl than its stunning looks. It can regenerate limbs and organs, something other aquatic creatures can’t do. Professor James Monaghan, from Northeastern University, found that axolotls can regrow complex structures, like hearts and spines, without scarring or loss of function. This could lead to medical advances in human tissue regeneration. So the next time you spot a Golden Axolotl, take a moment to appreciate its beauty and its amazing regenerative powers – it’s nature’s own masterpiece. The Wild-Type Axolotl is the original and most common color morph of this amazing amphibian. Its dark brown shades show the beauty of nature. This creature is a perfect mix of simplicity and elegance. Let’s explore the characteristics of the Wild-Type Axolotl. Here is an overview: |Retained throughout life |Prominent and long It’s important to note some special details about this axolotl. Its color works as a protective mechanism, allowing it to blend in with its environment. This axolotl also has remarkable regenerative abilities. The Wild-Type Axolotl has a remarkable history. Despite facing many environmental challenges, it has survived in Mexico’s Lake Xochimilco and Chalco. This shows how nature gives even extraordinary creatures a place to thrive. We’ll take a look at the unique features of the Axanthic Axolotl: |Silver or gray pigmentation |Black or dark brown |Smooth, with sheen |Light pink to pale yellow Above: The Axanthic Axolotl’s distinct features. The Axanthic Axolotl stands out for its silver or gray pigmentation, as well as its mesmerizing black or dark brown eyes. Its smooth skin has a slight sheen, and its gills have a light pink to pale yellow hue. Studies show that the beautiful colors of axolotls come from chromatophores – pigmented cells in their skin. These chromatophores create unique hues and patterns, so each axolotl is one of a kind. Behold! The Copper Axolotl Morph, a rare and captivating sight in the world of amphibians. Its metallic copper coloration is stunning! Let’s delve deeper into its fascinating details. The Copper Axolotl: - Color: Copper - Size: 9 to 12 inches - Diet: Carnivorous - Lifespan: 10 to 15 years - Habitat: Freshwater lakes and ponds - Status: Critically endangered This species has a carnivorous diet, mainly consisting of small aquatic creatures. But sadly, its lifespan of 10 to 15 years makes it vulnerable to habitat loss and pollution. Its origin lies in Lake Xochimilco in Mexico. Factors led to its decline in numbers. Now, conservation efforts are vital to protect and preserve these creatures. The Copper Axolotl is a true marvel of nature. Its radiant copper color, delicate features, and intricate details enchant and awe all who encounter it. The Piebald Axolotl stands out in the axolotl world with its unique coloring. It features a mix of pink or white patches on a dark background. See the table below to learn more about the morph: The Piebald Axolotl looks mesmerizing. It is highly sought after by axolotl fans. Variations in color and pattern make each Piebald Axolotl unique. This makes them an ideal choice for pet and breeding purposes. The Piebald Axolotl’s color pattern is due to genetic mutations. Dr. James Hanken from Harvard University researched this. He found that these mutations happen during embryonic development, creating the distinct markings we see today. The GFP Axolotl is a wow-worthy creature. It has a glowing green fluorescent protein, unlike other axolotl morphs. This makes it a show-stopper in any aquarium. Let’s look at the table below for the different traits of the GFP Axolotl: As you can see, the GFP Axolotl has a striking green coloration on its body and gills. This fluorescence gives it an enchanting look. It is truly one-of-a-kind! Not only that, the GFP Axolotl has some other special characteristics. Just like its non-fluorescent counterparts, it has regenerative powers and remains aquatic its whole life. Also, this fluorescent trait was discovered by researchers from the University of California, San Diego. Thanks to their hard work, we can now access these amazing creatures. So, the GFP Axolotls continue to astonish us with their vibrant hues and extraordinary features. See more articles: Animals that start with A The Neoteny of Axolotls and Their Natural Appearance Axolotls are fascinating creatures known for their unique neotenic characteristics and captivating natural appearance. Their ability to retain juvenile features throughout their adulthood sets them apart from other amphibians. With their external gills, colorful skin, and fully functioning limbs, axolotls exhibit a distinct allure that captivates both scientists and enthusiasts alike. Understanding the neoteny of axolotls and appreciating their natural beauty is essential in unraveling the mysteries surrounding these remarkable creatures. Exploring the phenomenon of neoteny in axolotls unveils a world of wonder. Through their remarkable ability to retain larval traits, axolotls possess features such as fringed gills and the absence of metamorphosis, which is characteristic of other amphibians. Their unique neotenic state allows them to remain aquatic throughout their lives, unlike most amphibians, which transition from water to land. The natural appearance of axolotls showcases a range of captivating colors, from the wild type, with dark brown skin and speckled patterns, to the albino morph, with pale pinkish-cream coloration and bright red gills. This diversity in axolotl colors highlights the richness of their genetic variations and adds to their allure. Taking a closer look, axolotls also come in other fascinating morphs that exhibit distinctive characteristics. For instance, the melanoid morph lacks skin pigment and appears completely black, while the golden albino morph boasts a striking golden hue. The axanthic morph displays a silver-grey complexion, while the leucistic morph possesses a pale white or pinkish appearance due to the absence of pigmentation. These unique variations in coloration and patterns further add to the visual appeal of axolotls, making them highly sought after pets and subjects of scientific study. In exploring the natural habitat of axolotls, one encounters a fascinating anecdote. In their native home of Lake Xochimilco in Mexico, axolotls were once abundant, serving as a vital part of the local ecosystem. However, due to human intervention and the introduction of non-native species, their numbers have significantly declined. Efforts are now underway to protect and conserve this critically endangered amphibian species, highlighting the importance of understanding their neoteny and appreciating their natural appearance. Artificial Selection and the Creation of Axolotl Variants Artificially Selecting and Generating Various Axolotl Varieties Artificial selection plays a crucial role in the development of diverse axolotl morphs. Through selective breeding techniques, various axolotl variants have been created, exhibiting distinct colors and patterns. - Selection Process: Breeders carefully choose axolotls with desired traits, such as unique colors or patterns, and selectively mate them to amplify those features in their offspring. - Genetic Manipulation: Scientists have explored genetic modifications to create specific axolotl variants. This involves introducing foreign genes or altering existing ones to produce desired characteristics. - Environmental Factors: By manipulating environmental conditions, including temperature, pH levels, and food availability, breeders can influence the expression of certain traits, resulting in the creation of new axolotl varieties. Moreover, the art of generating axolotl variants goes beyond their external appearance. Researchers are continuously discovering novel genetic mutations and exploring the potential of gene editing techniques to unlock even more fascinating axolotl variations. Don’t miss out on the incredible array of axolotl colors and patterns that can be achieved through artificial selection. Discover the enchanting world of axolotl variants and delve into the possibilities of creating your own unique and captivating axolotl specimens. Axolotls are amazing! With tons of colors and morphs, each has its own special traits. From the stunning golden albino to the captivating melanoid, these creatures have inspired scientists and fans. This article covers 10 awesome axolotl morphs – from wild type to chimera. Each has its own unique hue and pattern. In addition to their beauty, axolotls can regenerate parts of their body. Limbs, organs, and even spinal cord parts can grow back! This made them a popular topic of research for medical applications. Their history is tied to Mexico – where they were once plentiful in lakes near Mexico City. Sadly, urbanization and pollution have caused their numbers to decrease greatly. FAQs about Axolotl Colors: The 10 Types of Axolotl Morphs What are axolotl morphs? Axolotl morphs refer to the different color variations and patterns found in axolotls. These variations can include different shades of color, spotting, and even unique patterns. How many types of axolotl morphs are there? There are 10 main types of axolotl morphs: wild type, leucistic, golden albino, copper, melanoid, GFP (green fluorescent protein), axanthic, piebald, mosaics, and lucy. Each type exhibits distinctive color patterns and traits. What is the wild type axolotl? The wild type axolotl is the most common and natural coloration found in axolotls. They have a dark brown or black body with gold speckles and a feathery appearance on their gills. What are some of the different colors of axolotls? Axolotls come in a variety of colors, including white albino, leucistic, piebald, golden albino, copper, black melanoid, lavender, and more. Are axolotls with albinism common? Axolotls with albinism, such as the golden albino morph, are quite common in captivity. These axolotls lack pigmentation and have a pale or golden body color with pinkish gills and red eyes. What is a GFP axolotl? GFP (green fluorescent protein) axolotls have been genetically modified to produce a green fluorescent protein, causing them to glow under UV light. This morph is popular among enthusiasts for its unique and striking appearance. How do axolotl morphs occur? Axolotl morphs occur naturally through genetic mutations and can also be selectively bred to enhance specific traits. Some morphs, like the GFP axolotl, are a result of genetic manipulations in laboratories.

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Self-care is a multifaceted concept that encompasses various dimensions of health, philosophy, spirituality, and well-being. In today’s fast-paced world, individuals are increasingly recognizing the importance of taking care of themselves holistically to maintain their overall quality of life. For instance, imagine a fictional character named Sarah who works long hours at her demanding job without any breaks or time for relaxation. As a result, she experiences chronic stress, physical exhaustion, and emotional burnout. This example highlights the significance of incorporating self-care practices into one’s daily routine to foster optimal physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Academic research has shown that self-care involves an intentional commitment to prioritize personal needs and engage in activities that promote physical health. It entails adopting behaviors such as regular exercise, nutritious eating habits, adequate sleep patterns, and preventive medical check-ups. Additionally, self-care extends beyond merely addressing the body’s requirements; it also encompasses nourishing the mind through intellectual stimulation and engaging in activities that enhance cognitive function. Furthermore, self-care emphasizes attending to emotional needs by cultivating healthy relationships, seeking social support when needed, practicing stress management techniques like mindfulness meditation or journaling, and promoting psychological resilience. Moreover, self-care transcends the realms of physical and mental wellness by incorporating practices that nurture the spirit and promote a sense of purpose and meaning in life. This can include engaging in activities that align with one’s values and beliefs, such as practicing gratitude, mindfulness, or engaging in spiritual rituals or practices. It also involves taking time for self-reflection and introspection to gain insight into oneself and cultivate personal growth. In summary, self-care is a comprehensive approach to nurturing all aspects of oneself – body, mind, and spirit. By prioritizing self-care practices, individuals can enhance their overall well-being, reduce stress levels, improve resilience, and maintain a healthy work-life balance. It is crucial to recognize that self-care is not selfish but rather an essential component of maintaining good health and holistic well-being. The Importance of Self-Care Imagine a young professional named Sarah who works long hours, rarely takes breaks, and neglects her physical and mental well-being. Over time, the effects of this lifestyle become apparent – she experiences chronic fatigue, heightened stress levels, and struggles to maintain healthy relationships. This example highlights the significance of self-care in our lives. Self-care encompasses various practices that prioritize our overall health, philosophy, spirituality, and well-being. By engaging in self-care activities regularly, individuals can foster a positive relationship with themselves and enhance their quality of life. Here are some compelling reasons why incorporating self-care into our daily routine is essential: Physical Health: Engaging in regular exercise, eating nutritious meals, getting enough sleep, and attending medical check-ups are all crucial aspects of self-care that contribute to maintaining good physical health. Mental Well-Being: Practicing mindfulness techniques such as meditation or journaling can help reduce stress levels and improve mental clarity. Taking time for hobbies or pursuing creative outlets also promotes emotional well-being. Relationships: Nurturing healthy relationships requires investing time and effort into interpersonal connections. Prioritizing communication and setting boundaries are vital components of self-care when it comes to fostering meaningful relationships. Work-Life Balance: Achieving a balance between work commitments and personal life is fundamental for sustainable productivity and avoiding burnout. Incorporating leisure activities into one’s schedule helps cultivate a sense of fulfillment beyond professional obligations. To illustrate further the importance of self-care across these domains, consider the following table: |Regular exercise routines |Scheduling leisure activities By engaging in self-care practices that encompass physical health, mental well-being, relationships, and work-life balance, individuals can experience a more holistic approach to their overall wellness. Understanding the Mind-Body Connection is the subsequent section that delves into how our mental state impacts our physical health. Recognizing this interplay allows us to develop strategies for achieving optimal well-being without compromising either aspect of ourselves. Understanding the Mind-Body Connection Transitioning from the importance of self-care, it is essential to explore the mind-body connection and its significance in achieving overall well-being. To illustrate this connection, let us consider a hypothetical example: Jane, a busy professional, often neglects her physical health due to work demands. As a result, she experiences chronic stress, leading to physical ailments such as headaches and muscle tension. This scenario highlights how an imbalance in mental and emotional well-being can directly impact one’s physical state. Understanding the mind-body connection is crucial for holistic self-care. The interaction between our thoughts, emotions, and physical sensations plays a vital role in maintaining good health. Here are some key aspects to be aware of: - Thoughts and Emotions: Our thoughts and emotions have a powerful influence on our body’s response. Negative thoughts or prolonged periods of stress can trigger physiological changes that affect various bodily systems. - Stress Response: One common manifestation of the mind-body connection is the stress response. When we experience stress, our bodies release hormones like cortisol that can disrupt sleep patterns, impair digestion, weaken immune function, and contribute to chronic conditions. - Physical Manifestations: Conversely, physical ailments can also impact our mental well-being. Chronic pain or illness may lead to feelings of frustration, sadness, or anxiety. - Lifestyle Factors: Engaging in healthy lifestyle practices such as regular exercise, proper nutrition, adequate sleep, mindfulness techniques (e.g., meditation), and social connections can positively influence both mental and physical health. To further emphasize these points: Bullet Point List: - A positive mindset contributes to reduced stress levels - Chronic pain affects mood and emotional well-being - Engaging in regular exercise boosts endorphin production - Mindfulness practices promote relaxation and improve concentration Additionally, we can visualize the mind-body connection through a table: |Headaches, muscle tension |Rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath |Fatigue, changes in appetite Recognizing and nurturing the mind-body connection is essential for maintaining overall well-being. By understanding how our mental and emotional state influences our physical health, we can make informed decisions to prioritize self-care. Transitioning into the subsequent section on “Practical Tips for Self-Care,” it becomes clear that implementing strategies to nurture both the mind and body is crucial in achieving optimal well-being. Practical Tips for Self-Care Section H2: Understanding the Mind-Body Connection Transition: Building upon our understanding of the mind-body connection, we now delve further into practical tips for self-care. By implementing these strategies, individuals can enhance their overall well-being and foster a stronger sense of balance in their daily lives. To illustrate the effectiveness of these practices, let us consider an example. Imagine Sarah, a working professional who often finds herself overwhelmed by stress and anxiety due to her demanding job. Despite feeling tired and mentally drained, Sarah decides to incorporate self-care activities into her routine based on expert recommendations. She begins by prioritizing quality sleep each night, engaging in regular physical exercise such as yoga or jogging, practicing mindfulness meditation for at least 10 minutes daily, and setting aside dedicated time for hobbies she enjoys. Over time, Sarah notices significant improvements in her mental health and experiences reduced levels of stress. Here are some evidence-based strategies that have been shown to promote self-care: - Clearly defining personal limits helps prevent burnout. - Learning to say no when necessary fosters greater work-life balance. - Setting aside designated “me-time” allows for relaxation and rejuvenation. Nurturing Social Connections: - Cultivating healthy relationships contributes to emotional well-being. - Engaging in meaningful conversations promotes feelings of connectedness. - Participating in social activities strengthens support networks. - Regularly expressing gratitude increases positive emotions. - Keeping a gratitude journal helps shift focus towards positivity. - Acknowledging small joys throughout the day cultivates contentment. Seeking Professional Help: - Consulting with healthcare professionals provides valuable guidance. - Therapists offer effective coping mechanisms for managing stressors. - Psychiatrists may prescribe medication if needed for certain conditions. By integrating these methods into one’s daily routine, individuals can experience profound benefits to their overall well-being. Taking care of oneself is not a luxury but an essential component of leading a fulfilling life. Exploring Different Philosophies of Self-Care, we will now delve into various perspectives on self-care that can further enrich our understanding and implementation of these practices. Exploring Different Philosophies of Self-Care Transitioning from practical tips for self-care, it is essential to delve into the various philosophies that underpin this practice. Understanding different perspectives can help individuals find an approach that resonates with them and aligns with their values. Let us consider a hypothetical example to illustrate how exploring different philosophies of self-care can be beneficial. Imagine Sarah, a young professional experiencing chronic stress due to work demands. She tries implementing meditation as a form of self-care since she has read about its potential benefits. However, despite her efforts, she finds it challenging to incorporate meditation into her routine consistently. This situation prompts Sarah to explore alternative philosophies of self-care in search of an approach that suits her needs better. When examining different philosophies of self-care, several key concepts emerge: - Holistic Well-being: This philosophy emphasizes the interconnectedness of physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of well-being. It encourages individuals to consider all these dimensions when engaging in self-care practices. - Cultivating Mindfulness: This philosophy focuses on being present in the moment and maintaining awareness without judgment or attachment. It involves paying attention intentionally and cultivating acceptance toward one’s experiences. - Nurturing Relationships: This philosophy emphasizes the importance of social connections and supportive relationships for overall well-being. It highlights actions such as spending quality time with loved ones or seeking support during difficult times. - Embracing Purposeful Living: This philosophy encourages individuals to identify and pursue activities aligned with their passions and values. By doing so, people can experience a sense of fulfillment and purpose in their lives. By exploring these diverse approaches to self-care, individuals like Sarah gain insight into which philosophy best suits their unique circumstances and preferences. Engaging with multiple perspectives allows for a more comprehensive understanding of self-care practices, enabling individuals to tailor their routines according to what works best for them. In the subsequent section on “Finding Balance in Daily Life,” we will explore practical strategies that can help individuals integrate self-care into their daily routines without feeling overwhelmed. By striking a balance between work, personal responsibilities, and self-care practices, individuals can maintain overall well-being while navigating life’s demands. Finding Balance in Daily Life Transitioning from our exploration of different philosophies of self-care, let us now delve into the practical aspects of finding balance in our daily lives. To illustrate this point, consider the following hypothetical scenario: Imagine a young professional named Sarah who leads a busy life juggling her demanding job, social commitments, and personal responsibilities. Despite her packed schedule, Sarah recognizes the importance of taking care of herself to maintain overall well-being. To strike a balance between work and personal life, here are some strategies that can be helpful: - Prioritize self-care activities: Identify what brings you joy and relaxation and make time for those activities each day or week. - Set boundaries: Establish clear boundaries around your time and energy to prevent burnout. Communicate these boundaries effectively with others. - Practice mindfulness: Incorporating mindfulness techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress levels and increase focus. - Seek support: Don’t hesitate to ask for help when needed. Reach out to friends, family members, or professionals who can provide guidance and assistance. Let’s also consider a visual representation of how finding balance enhances different areas of our lives: |Before Finding Balance |After Finding Balance |Fatigue and lack of exercise routine |Increased energy levels; regular exercise regimen |Frequent mood swings; high stress levels |Improved emotional stability; reduced anxiety |Neglected connections due to lack of time |Strengthened relationships through quality interactions |Overwhelm leading to decreased efficiency |Enhanced productivity resulting from improved focus In conclusion, by actively seeking equilibrium in our daily lives, we can experience numerous positive changes across various domains. Creating space for self-care allows us to recharge mentally, emotionally, and physically, ultimately leading to a more fulfilling and balanced existence. As we move forward, let’s explore the process of creating our own personalized self-care routines. Next section: Creating Your Personal Self-Care Routine Creating Your Personal Self-Care Routine Previous section H2:’Finding Balance in Daily Life’ Next section H2:’Creating Your Personal Self-Care Routine’ Transitioning smoothly from the previous section on finding balance in daily life, let us now delve into the process of creating your personal self-care routine. To illustrate this concept further, consider the following hypothetical scenario: Imagine Sarah, a working professional who constantly feels overwhelmed by her hectic schedule. She often neglects her own well-being while striving to meet external demands. However, after realizing the importance of self-care in maintaining overall health and happiness, she decides to prioritize herself through the development of a personalized self-care routine. Building an effective self-care routine involves considering various aspects of one’s physical and mental well-being. Here are some essential elements that can be incorporated: - Engaging in regular exercise or any form of physical activity. - Prioritizing quality sleep and establishing a consistent sleep schedule. - Nourishing the body with healthy meals and staying hydrated. - Taking breaks throughout the day to stretch or relax muscles. - Practicing mindfulness techniques such as meditation or deep breathing exercises. - Seeking therapy or counseling for emotional support if needed. - Surrounding oneself with positive influences and supportive relationships. - Allowing time for creative outlets like writing, painting, or playing music. - Reading books or articles on topics of interest outside of work obligations. - Engaging in intellectually stimulating conversations or debates with others. - Exploring new hobbies or learning opportunities to broaden knowledge. - Challenging oneself through puzzles, brain teasers, or educational games. - Carving out time for reflection and introspection. - Participating in activities aligned with personal beliefs and values. - Connecting with nature through walks, gardening, or outdoor activities. - Engaging in practices such as prayer, meditation, or journaling. By incorporating these elements into her daily routine, Sarah begins to experience positive changes in her overall well-being. She feels more energized, focused, and emotionally balanced. Remember that developing a self-care routine is a highly individualized process. It requires experimentation and adaptation to find what works best for you. Through mindful consideration of your physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual needs, you can create a personalized self-care routine that promotes balance and nurtures your holistic well-being.

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Why do you think it is important to know informational text? Reading informational text allows students to develop sophisticated comprehension skills, build critical content knowledge and vocabulary, and apply higher-order thinking skills. Challenging informational text may require scaffolding and teaching new reading strategies so students can access the text. What comes first policy or procedure? The procedure is the step-by-step instructions for how to complete the task. This would be the exact turns a driver would take as they drive to reach a destination. This is the final step in the policy, process and procedure implementation. What is the purpose of the procedure text? Procedure text is a text that explains or helps us how to make or use something. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of steps. Communicative purpose of this text is to describe how something is made through a sequence of actions or steps. How can you tell if something is informational text? Informational text is: - text used to inform readers about a topic. - noticeable due to its features: bold headers, organized sections, and detailed information. - found in magazines, text books, brochures, and flyers. What makes an effective policy? Effective policies are actionoriented guidelines that provide guidance. They provide enough detail to direct behavior toward a specific goal or objective but are not so detailed that they discourage personnel from following the policy. A policy may be timely and correct but not properly enforced by management. What is purpose of a procedure? Procedures are designed to help reduce variation within a given process. Clearly stating the purpose for your procedure helps you gain employee cooperation, or compliance, and it instills in your employees a sense of direction and urgency. New Release of “How to Write a Policies and Procedures Manual” is now available. What are the characteristics of a policy? Good policy has the following seven characteristics: - Endorsed – The policy has the support of management. - Relevant – The policy is applicable to the organization. - Realistic – The policy makes sense. - Attainable – The policy can be successfully implemented. - Adaptable – The policy can accommodate change. What are common elements found in procedural texts? a section of definitions. a page of success stories. a series of steps. How would you describe procedural text? Procedural texts list a sequence of actions or steps needed to make or do something. Typical examples of procedural texts include recipes, science experiments, assembly manuals or instructions for playing games. Which of the following is an example of an informational text? Informational texts include the following media examples: news; magazines; advertisements/commercials; documentaries; and movies. What should a procedure include? Here are some good rules to follow: - Write actions out in the order in which they happen. - Avoid too many words. - Use the active voice. - Use lists and bullets. - Don’t be too brief, or you may give up clarity. - Explain your assumptions, and make sure your assumptions are valid. - Use jargon and slang carefully. Whats the difference between process and procedure? Process: “a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end.” Procedure: “an established or official way of doing something.”

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Descriptions and Expectations of Recommended BMPs for Improving the Bosque River Watershed The Bosque River and its watershed face complex water quality problems that are not easy to solve. Attempts have been made to improve the quality of the water moving through this watershed, but have had little success due to the broad scope of work that is needed to positively impact water quality in the Bosque River. This document is part of a multi-faceted project that aims to improve the environmental infrastructure in the watershed in a manner that focuses on existing pollution issues. The project’s first phase, which included the development of an environmental infrastructure improvement plan, has been completed. This plan outlined a methodology for determining likely areas that would contribute the most significant source of pollution to the watershed and developed a tool for determining the priority in which all sub-watersheds in the basins should be evaluated for needed pollution abatement measures. The Phase I report also established a list of feasible best management practices (BMPs) and ranked them based on the recommendations of a scientific advisory committee. Six steps were identified as an effective process to choose the proper BMPs for each sub-watershed in the basin. If these steps are followed, the best BMPs for each location should be effectively identified. This document expands on the Phase I report by providing an in-depth physical description of each BMP along with an overview of potential costs and applicable areas, situations, and locations where these practices should be implemented. The BMPs are organized into five groups based on applicable location(s): on-farm BMPs, between field and creek BMPs, in-stream or gully BMPs, universal BMPs, and city BMPs. The majority of these BMPs target the excessive amount of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), entering surface water supplies. Several BMPs also focus on sediment control, as some of the soils in the watershed are highly erosive and pose the threat of transporting nutrients with them when they erode. Some BMPs also address ecosystem health and habitat issues in the watershed. Collectively, the recommended BMPs aim to improve the overall quality and productivity of the entire watershed. Many of these BMPs involve simple, inexpensive adjustments of current practices while others require more significant changes that may require technical and financial assistance. The last section of this document highlights potential sources of technical information and methods for disseminating educational materials to landowners and other interested parties. Potential federal and state sources of funding are also listed in this section for the use of parties considering the installation of multiple or more expensive BMPs on their land. This document serves as a source of general information about BMPs that would benefit landowners and agency personnel assisting landowners in the Bosque River watershed. This information can help guide interested parties to BMPs that are most feasible for their needs as well as provide a general overview of how to implement the selected practice(s) to yield the best results for their location. Successful BMP implementation will reduce the impact of human activities and lead to environmental improvement in the Bosque watershed.

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The decade of the 2010s was the decade of data. Data began to be used in nearly every sphere of life, and companies began to understand how data can completely transform every avenue in which they work. Companies that became front runners in using data to govern their decisions also turned into front runners of their respective fields. Data became all-pervasive, and the role of a Data Analyst, Data Scientist, or Data Engineer, became among the most coveted roles for all types of people, whether new graduates or experienced professionals. If the 2010s were the decade that heralded the emergence of data, the 2020s would be the decade that will firmly establish its role in every aspect of our lives. Over the next few years, nearly every one of our acts involving even the smallest amount of digitization will involve the role of data in some way or the other. Data will be all around us, and the need to learn more about it will be greater than ever. In such circumstances, the roles and responsibilities of Data Engineers will increase to a greater extent than ever before. This article deals with Data Engineer roles and responsibilities in 2021. Data engineer duties already encompass a wide variety of jobs in any company. In 2021, the roles and responsibilities of Data Engineers are only bound to increase. Below are the roles and responsibilities of Data Engineers: Working on the data architecture in a company is a major part of the roles and responsibilities of Data Engineers. The data architecture of a company or firm includes the policies and methods using which the data associated with its projects is collected, stored, analyzed, and retained. It is very important for any Data Engineer to ensure that the company’s data architecture remains intact and no untoward incident causes the loss of data to the company. The Data Engineer is not just supposed to main data architecture, but also to keep on updating it as required. Among the most difficult and banal tasks for a Data Engineer is the task of collecting data. Data collection can involve a host of different activities, including going to every manager or responsible person in the firm and asking for data on a regular basis. Any Data Engineer should always know the appropriate resources from which to procure data. A number of resources can yield faulty or incomplete data, and Data Engineers must know the correct sources from which complete data might be readily available. The role of a Data Engineer often seems to be just the analysis of data. However, simple data analysis has a few prerequisites. Among the major prerequisites of the analysis of any data is to know the domain to which the data is related. Very often, Data Engineers will be faced with data from a field outside their core domain. In order to be able to analyze this data effectively, it is essential for the Data Engineer to conduct research about the field. This doesn’t just enable the job to be carried out well by the Data Engineer but also helps in better visualization of the results. The skills required to become a competent Data Engineer are only increasing every day. Every month, researchers come up with new methods that can enable engineers to analyze data much more effectively. The only catch is that these methods often need to be learned from scratch. In fact, a number of these methods can be based on programming languages that the Data Engineer doesn’t know. It is hence important for the Data Engineer to always be updated with the latest technology and skills. In Data Engineering, the skills required to be good at one’s job grow redundant fast, and hence continuous learning is among the responsibilities of a Data Engineer. This is among the main functions of what Data Engineers do. For any Data Engineer, it is not only important to be able to analyze data using code but to be able to analyze data in a meaningful fashion. This means going through the data and the results you have procured from your analysis and then being able to identify patterns in the data. Based on these patterns, you can create proper data models that make the understanding of your results easier for a layperson. The creation of new models is counted as the pinnacle of Data Engineering. In a world where everyone has too much on their plate, it falls upon Data Engineers to determine how such burdens might be reduced. Data engineers need to find out the tasks in every project that can be totally or partially automated. They then need to take requisite steps to automate these tasks, reducing the manual intervention in them. Reducing manual intervention doesn’t just reduce the work burden on team members but also makes a large number of tasks more precise and accurate. Data engineers are involved in every important task in any organization. They are involved in the analysis of the voice of customer and voice of business data, helping the design and product management teams understand the need for a particular product, as well as what the people really want. They can help all the departments of a company in some way or the other. They can help multiple teams determine the efficacy of their actions; for example, they can help marketing teams understand whether a particular marketing campaign has been successful or not. Furthermore, once a product has been launched, Data Engineers can analyze customer data and find out the feedback of the customers related to the product and whether these customers are likely to be retained. Additionally, they can use advanced data metrics to forecast the future of products helping senior management make decisions on whether to continue a product or not. Becoming a Data Engineer by qualification can be an easy task, but becoming a real Data Engineer requires a significant amount of training as well as independent study. By qualification, the easiest way to become a Data Engineer is to enroll yourself in a bachelor’s degree in computer science, information technology, or mathematics. Each of these degrees teaches you some common subjects that are really essential in becoming a great data scientist. You can also gain certifications in data science, which are offered by universities across the world. However, to become a competent Data Engineer also requires a lot of independent analysis. Data science is one field where you can learn a lot of skills yourself, even without a mentor, and then apply them to problems devised by you. A lot of data is available in online repositories for you to analyze and work on. Additionally, you should also be good at subjects such as data structures, data warehousing, and database systems. The design of relational and non-relational databases must be at your fingertips, and so must be domains such as SQL and NoSQL. There are a number of skills you can acquire to better enable you to become an effective Data Engineer. Coding is an essential tool in what Data Engineers do. Here are the main subjects you might wish to know: For Data Engineers, knowledge of SQL is the basic level of competence required. SQL allows Data Engineers to analyze data in an effective manner through easily understandable syntax and the ability to manage relational databases. In fact, there is no way that a Data Engineer can be great at relational database management systems if not knowledge of SQL has been acquired. Being a Data Engineer is not just about collecting and analyzing data. Data engineers must also know how to store data in a structured manner. Most of the data that Data Engineers will receive will always be unstructured and raw. What’s more, they may also receive data from disparate sources. Data warehousing is the field that deals with restructuring this data into a meaningful format. It is only once data has been structured and warehoused that it can really be used for any type of analysis or modeling. Data warehousing also helps future Data Engineers access data in an easier manner. Data engineers must have in-depth knowledge of data architecture. This entails knowledge of all the processes that data undergoes from its acquisition to its analysis and retention. Data architecture also includes the policies that need to be followed to carry out each of these processes. Every client that you will work for will have different demands with regard to data architecture, and you must be competent enough to be able to fulfill them. There is no way that you can be a successful Data Engineer if you do not have knowledge of coding. Simply analyzing data on readymade suites and commercial software does not make a Data Engineer. In fact, as a Data Engineer, you probably need knowledge of multiple coding languages. The preeminent language for data analysis in R and Python is also used widely for studying data. Apart from these languages, traditionalists also use C and C++. You can be required to use a host of different languages for data modeling purposes, and you must ensure you are up to the task at all times by knowing more than one programming language. The operating system on which you work is often ignored when it comes to the skills of a Data Engineer. We are so used to working on the Windows operating system that we tend to forget about the existence of other, specialized operating systems. A good Data Engineer will generally have knowledge of multiple operating systems, such as Unix, Linux, and Solaris, apart from Windows or macOS. Machine learning is not just a 21st-century buzzword but has a number of real applications. Machine learning is based on the analysis of data, and a Data Engineer must know the algorithms and models that govern any machine learning problem. Data engineers can easily branch out into machine learning if they know the fundamentals of the field. Data engineers will only be growing in demand in 2021, and it is hence important that they understand the roles and responsibilities of Data Engineers. This is also important for budding Data Engineers, just as it is important to understand the skills and qualifications necessary to become a Data Engineer. The above lists are bound to help you in your future career and help you diversify into the wide world of data analysis. If you are interested in making a career in the Data Science domain, our 11-month in-person Postgraduate Certificate Diploma in Data Science course can help you immensely in becoming a successful Data Science professional.

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Alan Turing has been revealed as the new face of the UK £50 note. The Bank of England announced on Monday that Bletchley Park code breaker Turing would be on the new bank note, which is expected to enter circulation towards the end of 2021. “Alan Turing was an outstanding mathematician whose work has had an enormous impact on how we live today,” Bank of England governor Mark Carney said in a statement. “As the father of computer science and artificial intelligence, as well as war hero, Alan Turing’s contributions were far ranging and path breaking. Turing is a giant on whose shoulders so many now stand.” Who was Alan Turing? Turing was an English mathematician and computer scientist in the first half of the 20th century. He was a key figure at Bletchley Park, Britain’s top secret German codebreaking facility during the second world war, and helped to develop a machine to crack the German’s Enigma code writing machine. Turing was also a pioneer of artificial intelligence and computer science. He is credited with creating the Turing Test, a concept still used to this day to explore the idea of machine intelligence. While Turing played a crucial role in helping the Allies win the second world war, his treatment by the British government in the post-war years has been the source of great controversy. Turing was gay and was convicted of indecency in 1952. As part of his conviction, he was forced to undergo chemical sterilisation. Turing killed himself two years later at the age of 41. The Queen gave Turing a royal pardon in 2013 after a public campaign and a 2017 law pardoning all those convicted of historic laws against homosexuality was dubbed the “Alan Turing law” in his honour. Turing was played by Benedict Cumberbatch in the 2014 film The Imitation Game, which chronicled his time at Bletchley Park, his treatment after the war, and his death. Stephen Hawking nominated The Bank of England chose Turing from a shortlist of almost 1,000 eligible names nominated by the public. The Bank opened nominations for the new £50 note to the public and received 227,299 names during a six-week period that ended in December. It narrowed this down to a shortlist of 989 eligible names. Those considered spanned scientific fields such as astronomy, biology, bio-technology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and medical research. The Bank said on Monday that other people nominated included Paul Dirac, Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage, Stephen Hawking, and Ernest Rutherford. “The strength of the shortlist is testament to the UK’s incredible scientific contribution,” Sarah John, the Bank of England’s chief cashier, said. “The breadth of individuals and achievements reflects the huge range of nominations we received for this note and I would to thank the public for all their suggestions of scientists we could celebrate.” Turing will replace Matthew Boulton and James Watt on the £50 note. Boulton and Watt were leading figures of the industrial revolution. Alongside a picture of Turing, the new £50 note will mathematical formulae from one of Turing’s most influential papers, technical drawings of the code breaking machine Turing helped to develop, and his birth date in binary code. The Bank of England has been revamping its currency over the last few years — from the materials the notes are made from to the pictures that adorn the currency. In 2017, the central bank unveiled its first plastic £10 note, which featured 19th century British novelist Jane Austen. The plastic, or polymer, notes are a lot more durable than previous notes. However, they have drawn criticism from vegetarians and some religious groups for containing trace amounts of animal fats.

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Connecticut, the third smallest state, was founded as the 5th state to join the United States on January 9, 1788. Covering an area of 5,567 square miles with 250 miles of shoreline and a population of 3.5 million, it is easy to see why there may not be many ghost towns within the state lines. There are 8 ghost towns in Connecticut. The state has an extensive history from the first settlers to the present day. The ghost towns and historical locations add an extra layer of adventure and understanding for curious minds. While the state may not have many ghost towns, it is famous for making history in other ways. In 1895, Connecticut became home to the first hamburger, the first polaroid camera in 1934, a helicopter in 1939, and welcomed color television in 1948. Bara-Hack is located on private property and is currently closed to the public. The forest has overtaken the former fields and streets. A cemetery and the stone foundations remain to be seen of this ghost town, but in 1778 it was a different story. In 1776, Jonathan Randall, an English colonist, purchased land in Pomfret, Connecticut, but left the area undeveloped until 1778. In 1778, Randall and another colonist Obediah Higginbotham fled their homes on the Rhode Island coast after British advances made the area unsafe for settlers. The two families built homes on Randall’s land in Connecticut and established Bara-Hack. Farming was the primary income source for the small community. A water wheel-powered mill was later constructed, and a business that made spinning wheels to aid in textile production was added to the job list for Bara-Hack residents. A cemetery meant to be shared between the Randall and Higginbotham families was also established. Bara-Hack did not have a population boom. The community stayed small enough that it did not even qualify as a village; however, it remained successful as it was for over 100 years. It was not until 1890 that the community was abandoned. There are myths and rumors of ghosts and hauntings associated with the Bara-Hack grounds, also known as the village of ghostly sounds. Spirits are seen in the great elm tree still on the property, hearing disembodied voices and the sound of horse-drawn wagons traveling on the overgrown main road are a few stories shared about the area. The land was once open to the public for exploration and paranormal investigation. Due to increased trespassing outside of public hours, the privately owned land is now off-limits to the public. Dudleytown is considered a ghost town, but it was not a town. Located a few miles south of the present-day Cornwall Bridge, the village began within a portion of the city of Cornwall. Thomas Griffis was the first to settle the area in the 1740s, followed by several Dudley family members by 1753. Other families moved into the area a few years later. Before the town was developed for farmland, Dudleytown was forest land. The families of the community worked for generations tilling the land and tending to the crops. Rumors of a curse placed on the Dudley family members were the belief of why the town’s crops failed year after year. During King Henry VIII’s reign, a man named Edmund Dudley was beheaded for treason, and a curse was supposedly put on any descendants of his. Historians have researched the family line of Edmund Dudley and the Dudleys that resided in Dudleytown but have not found any genealogical link to connect the settlers to the English nobleman. After soil analysis in later years, it was determined poor soil quality was the reason for crop failure, not a curse. As fertile land was discovered and made available for purchase in the mid-western part of the country, both Dudleytown and Cornwall residents left their current homes. They moved to start new lives where agricultural life was thriving. In 1924, the abandoned Dudleytown was purchased by Dark Entry Forest, Incorporated. Dark Entry Forest planned to create a place for wildlife to flourish and for people to visit, like a park. Over the next few decades, skiing was popular on Dudleytown hill during winter. The summer was filled with canoeing down the Housatonic River, horse riding camps for children, picnics, scenic forest trails, and wildlife watching. These were among the favorite activities at the site of the former town. In the 1980s or 1990s, ghost stories and hauntings from Dudleytown started hitting the news. Many who have visited the area can feel an evil presence that fills the former town. Some individuals refuse to go within the town’s boundaries due to the evilness they feel the closer they get. In contrast, others believe it is essential to announce their arrival and intentions out loud before entering the town to ensure their safety and confirm to the spirits they mean no harm. The forested setting of Dudleytown and the 1999 movie “The Blair Witch Project” drew an increased interest in ghost hunting at the former townsite. Trespassing became a regular activity. As vandalism started to accompany trespassing, the area was closed to the public. The police have responded to numerous trespassing and vandalism cases, ending in arrests and court prosecutions. Gay City, Connecticut Gay City, Connecticut, was founded in 1796 by the religious leader Elijah Andrus, his followers, and John Gay. The first working mill was built in 1800. After additional sawmills and wool mills were constructed, the village was nicknamed Factory Hollow and became home to 25 families. Many families bore the surname Gay, which the village was later named after. The village would have been set up for success if it had not been for the increased alcohol consumption of religious followers, unpunished murders, and multiple fires that destroyed businesses. Fifteen years after the town was founded, one of the Gay families built their own distillery. During twice-weekly religious services, followers had free use of alcohol. It was believed consuming alcohol would get the people closer to God, but, in reality, it caused tensions among the residents, and murders went unpunished. By the end of the War of 1812, the success of the wool mill had ended. In 1830, the wool mill was lost to fire for the third time. A paper mill was established to replace the burned-down wool mill, but it, too, was lost to fire. In 1879, the last mill was burned down in a fire. The village had little left to try and reclaim any success. In 1943, the last descendant of the village sold the property to the state. A year later, in 1944, the state established the land as the Gay City State Park. The park covers 680 acres and offers fishing, swimming, picnicking, and a campground. There is a trail system in place that offers excellent hiking and cycling and a five-mile trail that can be used as a self-guided tour of the entire park. Stone foundations, grass-filled cellar holes, and a few gravestones can be seen where the community once stood. Johnsonville Village, Connecticut The mill town of Johnsonville can be found in East Haddam, Connecticut. The town started as an ordinary milling town until the mid-1800s when it became the primary twine producer in the area. The Neptune Mill, built in 1832, used the Salmon River as its power source to produce twine and yarn. The mill produced twine on massive scales that required the mill to reach three stories tall with a 100ft-by-100ft dimension. At the top of the building was a steeple housing a bell that was used to call the mill workers to work each morning. Johnsonville’s twine was used primarily for fishing nets and frequently sold on both coasts and the Great Lakes. In 1846, Emory Johnson, the village founder, constructed a large homestead near the Neptune Mill. Johnson built a second mill in 1862, the Triton Mill, at the millpond’s northern end. Soon after completing the second mill, the small community grew even more, with worker housing established around the mills. In 1924, the Triton Mill was destroyed in a fire. In 1965, Raymond Schmitt, the owner of a controversial aerospace equipment manufacturing company, purchased the Neptune Mill, the Johnson homestead, and the 62 acres of land the town was built on. Schmitt planned to transform the milling town into a Victorian-era tourist attraction. Older and Victorian-style buildings were purchased from surrounding towns and transported to Johnsonville to further develop and create the site. A stable chapel, general store, bank, and a schoolhouse were added to the town, but in 1972, a fire started by a lightning strike at the Neptune Mill destroyed the historic structure. In 1993, Billy Joel’s “River of Dreams” music video was filmed in Johnsonville. After a dispute between Schmitt and zoning officials in 1994, hopes for the tourism attraction were lost, and the property went back on the market. Sadly, Schmitt passed away just four years later, in 1998. Meyer Jabara Hotels bought the property in the early 2000s and became the abandoned town’s subsequent owners. The hotel company wanted to reconstruct Johnsonville from an attempted historical tourist attraction to a residential community and bring permanent residents to the townsite. Unfortunately, reopening the town never happened. Reconstruction plans fell through before they began, and the town was auctioned several times. National Geographic’s show “Abandoned” aired an episode showcasing Johnsonville in 2012. Meyer Jabra Hotels entered the property into an online auction in October 2014. A winning bid of $1.9 million would have removed the company from ownership, but the purchase was never completed. On July 7, 2017, the Iglesias ni Cristo, a Philippine-based independent Christian organization, officially bought the village for $1.85 million. The organization planned to renovate the structures and establish a center for worship. Little Danbury, Connecticut Little Danbury was a beachfront settlement on the Long Island Sound, now present-day southeast Fairfield, used for temporary vacation homes during warm weather. Throughout the majority of the 1800s, temporary shacks would be put up at the beginning of the vacation season and then taken down and stored during the winter months. In the late 1890s, inexpensive permanent structures resembling beach cottages were constructed and purchased by “average folks” who traveled to the area from Danbury, giving the Little Danbury community its name. Wealthier vacationers and travelers did not find the beach cottages appealing and would choose to stay at the Fairfield House Resort, which was more inland. To reach Little Danbury, Reef Road was developed. Soon after the road was finished, more permanent structures were built nearby Pine Creek, and the Little Bridgeport community joined the shoreline. Unfortunately, a category five hurricane in 1938 hit the New England territory and destroyed most of the homes and property of Little Danbury. Pleasure Beach, Connecticut Pleasure Beach was established on a two-and-a-half-mile portion of the Connecticut barrier beach in the 1800s. The Pleasure Beach Amusement Park operated from 1892 until 1958. From 1904 to 1919, it was known as Steeplechase Island for a short time until it returned to its original name, Pleasure Beach. Access to the island area was limited to a long walk along the shoreline or ferry travel until a wooden swing bridge was built in 1927. After a fire destroyed the bridge in 1996, access to Pleasure Beach could only be completed by walking the shoreline or by private boat. There were fewer visitors to the site without the bridge. In 2008, the city of Bridgeport was considering a ferry service to offer transportation to the island. Still, the idea fell through due to the requirements needed for parking lots and a registered captain from the Coast Guard to oversee the ferry operations. That same year, 45 Pleasure Beach cottages were destroyed in arson attacks, and all the other buildings were heavily vandalized. The former establishment was well known to the homeless, squatters, and risk-seeking partiers who left the area littered and in shambles. For a while, the city and state spent time and money to research the feasibility of rebuilding the bridge and restoring access to Pleasure Beach, but in early 2009, five more cottages had been burned down through acts of arson. By July 2, 2009, Pleasure Beach had been abandoned by the remaining inhabitants. By September 2009, the amusement park’s bandstand, carousel, and bumper car area had been demolished without prior permission. Six months later, in March 2010, debris from the cottages began to be removed, paused for the summer to not disturb the seasonal wildlife and their habitats, and continued again in September 2010 until all the debris had been removed. Any cottages still standing were torn down and removed in May of 2011, leaving a clean and clutter-free beach in place of the residences. The only structures left in a place were the theater and other public buildings that had not been destroyed. Pleasure Beach reopened to the public in June 2014. A complimentary water taxi located at the fishing pier on Seaview Avenue offers transportation to the island seven days a week. The beach offers a pavilion, relaxation area, bathrooms, showers, picnic tables, and a concession stand. Pleasure Beach is a protected refuge for endangered birds and plants, including the piping plover, osprey, prickly pear cactus, and southern sea lavender. Sections of the beach will often be roped off during nesting season. Visitors wanting to spend the day bird watching and wildlife viewing will not be disappointed as there is an abundance of deer, foxes, cotton-tailed rabbits, raccoons, and other mammals. Bloomfield is an uninhabited ghost town not far from Windsor, Connecticut. Access to the townsite must be on foot due to the road leading to the former town being closed and blocked off. Walking the path that follows a “Pavement Ending” sign will lead to an overgrown area that was once the town of Bloomfield. All that remains are the footpath and a guardrail. There are rumors of the headlights of a ghost car driving down the steep, winding, and dangerous road known as “Evil Knievel Road,” but the lights stop at the guard rail. The road was the site of many fatal car accidents during the time it was used. No records have been found yet, but it is easy to assume the dangers of the road and the number of lives lost while traveling to and from Bloomfield was one of the primary reasons for abandoning the town in search of a safer and easier accessed location. Cuties Island, Connecticut There is not much information available for Cuties Island. The uninhabited island was purchased in 1945 by Paul Hurlburt Smart. In 1950, Smart finished building a cottage with a stone base and several stone fireplaces inside the house. Fishermen and campers would frequent the area even without permission. In 1959, Smart was on a trip that left the cottage vacant for several months, and unfortunately, it was burned down when he returned mysteriously. A few years later, in 1965, Smart sold the island to Paul and Diane Daddona. Several of the stone fireplaces and the stone foundation remain on the property. To visit Cuties Island, departing by boat from Cove Island at Stamford is the quickest way to reach the destination. There is no land access to travel from the mainland. The south shore of Cuties Island is very rocky, leaving the north shore beach that faces the Connecticut mainland as the ideal place to land. Little People Village, Connecticut The stories behind Little People Village will vary from person to person, but there seems to be a common ground they all share, a man who lived in the big house built the little houses throughout the property as well as a large throne, and it is quite interesting to see. One of the most shared stories is that of a man living alone in a forested area when he started to build little houses after hearing voices that told him what to do before he died in his own home. A second story says the man had a wife who lived with him when he built the little houses after hearing voices and ended up killing his wife on the throne. The third story depicts the man’s wife as a witch who tortured him and ordered the little town’s construction before killing him. It is not certain what story, if any, is true, but Little People Village was quite an interesting sight before nature reclaimed the land and the structures were damaged or destroyed. The land Little People Village was developed is under private ownership and is currently off-limits to tourists and visitors. The property owners destroyed the throne to reduce the number of trespassers who tried to access the area. The foundation and part of the big house are still visible. One of the tiny homes remains intact and has a significant amount of detail that was put into it. Holy Land USA Amusement Park, Waterbury, Connecticut In the early 1950s, John Greco envisioned a roadside attraction devoted to God. Greco spent the next few years building a theme park replicating a smaller version of Bethlehem. Alongside Bethlehem, there was a recreation of the Garden of Eden and biblical-themed dioramas that served as tributes to the life and work of Jesus. The park was visited by roughly 50,000 people annually throughout the 1960s. The park was easily found by the “Holy Land USA” sign and a 56-foot cross that stood tall enough to be seen for many miles. The cross would light up at night, and the sign was noted to resemble the style of the one in Hollywood. Greco wanted to expand the theme park’s site to interest more visitors and temporarily closed in 1984 for renovations. Plans for the expansion were never fulfilled as Greco died in 1986. Responsibility for the park was handed off to a group of nuns. Holy Land USA was the victim of frequent vandalism following Greco’s death. The nuns tried maintaining the park’s cleanliness but never reopened to the public. Local groups of teenagers and foragers would behead statues, destroy dioramas, and block tunnels within the park. Tourists would occasionally stop and explore the theme park, but nobody stayed for long and made sure they were out of the area before sunset. While the nuns still owned the property and park, it became more dangerous and was even the site of a murder in 2010. With their safety in mind and the park’s demise, the nuns sold the property, moved away, and “no trespassing” signs were posted across the site. In 2018, Waterbury Mayor Neil O’Leary and several volunteers worked on renovating the park in hopes of reopening it to the public. The cross from the Holy Land USA sign was replaced with a more prominent cross that can change colors reflecting different holidays. In December 2020, the park was open and operational. Union Cemetery in Easton, Connecticut The small town of Easton is home to one of the most haunted places in Connecticut, Union Cemetery. Union Cemetery dates to the 1700s, and while noted as one of the most haunted places in Connecticut, it is also thought to be one of the most haunted cemeteries in the United States. Due to its popularity for paranormal activity, the cemetery is closed to the public after dusk. In order to gain entry into the cemetery after dark, city approval is required first. There have been numerous accounts of a lady dressed in a light and translucent white nightgown or wedding dress that can be seen roaming through the gravestones at Union Cemetery and the Stepney Cemetery just down the road. Well-known paranormal investigators, amateur ghost hunters, and regular everyday people with no supernatural investigation history have all claimed to feel the presence of spiritual energy. Several people have pictures and video proof to back their claims of the “Lady in White.” Combined research shows consistency in unexplainable anomalies such as whispers, disembodied voices, and drastic temperature changes. It is still unconfirmed who the “Lady in White” is after all these years and paranormal occurrences, but there is a theory the spirit of Harriet Seeley is searching for her son. Harriet was buried in the Union Cemetery after she died at the young age of 27 years old. She had an infant son who died six days before her in 1853, but her grave is a single headstone, and her son is not buried next to her. Perhaps one day, she will find her son, and the “Lady in White” can finally rest in peace. Hookmans Cemetery, Connecticut Hookmans Cemetery is located in Seymour, Connecticut. The cemetery is smaller than others and is said to be haunted by a man hanging from one of the trees on the grounds. The man who was hung was wrongfully accused of a crime and punished to death. Having been innocent of the crime, the man, known as Hookman, is an angry spirit that roams the area named after him. Pictures taken in the cemetery have returned with unexplainable clouds and fog from visits on clear nights with no clouds in the sky. Human-like forms can be seen in other pictures, some with faces that are not of those who posed for the photos. The fog has been seen surrounding specific gravestones, but not all of them, and has a darker colored tint to it that regular fog doesn’t have.

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By: Taren Vaughan As African Americans, our health is constantly affected by one thing or another. There are a number of different diseases that affect our race as a whole, no matter what gender we are. Multiple forms of cancer, heart disease, diabetes and hypertension, just to name a few, are things that continuously plague the Black community, even with all the advancements that have been made over the years. As these things play a major role in our overall quality of life, however there are other diseases that have more of an impact on our bodies than we realize. Sexually transmitted diseases such as Chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis have been around for quite some time now, dating all the way back to the early to mid 1900’s. And with the development of various drugs and treatments, it has led to the decrease of the diseases being spread from person to person. While the rates of gonorrhea cases have plummeted since the discovery of the disease in the mid 1940’s, the rates for other STDs have increased tremendously. And the group that bears the biggest burden when it comes to this is African Americans. Even with all the decreases that have been found concerning STD rates, namely gonorrhea, African Americans still remain as the racial group that is most impacted by these diseases. Black women ages 15 to 24 are highly susceptible to contracting gonorrhea from their partners, who just so happen to be African American men for the most part. Aside from gonorrhea, another STD that is on the rise is syphilis. Mind you, this disease can spread and can cause some serious damage to other body parts and vital organs. So leaving this disease untreated could be life threatening for both genders. With all these many ways to keep our bodies free from STDs, why is it that Black Americans seem to always be the ones harboring these diseases more than anyone else? According to the CDC, there are “a range of factors contributes to these disparities, including poverty, lack of access to health care”. This does make a lot of sense but at the same time, could it also be due to our nonchalant attitudes when it comes to this topic? I don’t know when it started but for some reason some of us don’t take getting STDs as serious as we should, especially the ones that we know are curable. Seems like we only start to really pay attention when someone is talking about HIV as if it’s the only harmful one out there. And it shouldn’t be that way. Furthermore, having a curable STD means nothing when you have no idea that you have it. Yes, it’s great that many of these STDs can be cured by taking a round of antibiotics. But if you have no idea that you have one, what good is that going to do for you? Not knowing your status when it comes to sexually transmitted diseases can lead to irreversible complications, especially where we women are concerned. Infertility is a major thing that stems from having an untreated STD and that alone should be more of a reason for us to get tested regularly. No matter how safe you deem your sex life to be, STD screenings should be done any time a person is sexually active, even if you are only having sex with one person. If it’s unprotected, then you need to get tested. Numbers don’t lie. And with how high some of them are, it’s very clear that some of us are walking around thinking we don’t have any STDs when in actuality we do, often times more than one.

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THE MAIN HOUSE With timeless Mediterranean-style architecture, and collections dating from the early 20th-century all the way back to Pompeii, Vizcaya’s Main House was the jewel of a fledgling Miami when it was built between 1914 and 1922. A century later, Vizcaya is just as relevant. It’s a cultural destination tens of thousands of visitors from all over the world each year and a hub for locals who want to learn, grow and connect in a setting that is truly “Miami’s home.” FACTS ABOUT THE MAIN HOUSE The Architectural Inspiration Today, Vizcaya is an oasis of silence and green, miraculously preserved just south of Miami’s modern skyline. The heart and main living area of the house is the Courtyard, which was originally open to the sky. The house was designed to take full advantage of its location on Biscayne Bay. Deering wanted Vizcaya to be approached and seen from the sea, and the east façade on the bay is the most monumental and the only symmetrical one—it opens onto a wide terrace that descends toward the water. The other sides of the house have unique relationships with the surrounding grounds. The west façade, which has greeted visitors since Deering’s time, is simple and contrasts with Vizcaya’s elaborate interiors. The north façade accommodates one of Vizcaya’s most delightful inventions—the swimming pool that emerges from vaulted arches at the lower level of the house. The south façade opens onto the formal gardens with enclosed loggias on the first and second floors. On the first floor, several reception rooms, the Library, the Music Room, and the Dining Room surround the Courtyard. The second floor housed Deering’s personal suite of rooms and guest bedrooms as well as a Breakfast Room and the Kitchen. The interiors of the Main House were meant to suggest the passing of time and the layered accumulation of artifacts and memories. The rooms were designed around objects acquired in Italy and assembled into new compositions by Artistic Director Paul Chalfin.nnBoth the house’s aesthetic significance and modern efficiency were celebrated in architectural and engineering magazines of the time. SUPPORT VIZCAYA’S PRESERVATION n Help support Vizcaya’s ongoing preservation of this National Historic Landmark ABOUT THE COLLECTION Art Collections in the Main House The rooms in the Main House were designed around pieces of furniture, paneling and architectural elements such as gates and fireplaces. Every object contributes to the decorative context of the room in which it resides. As such, the objects and interiors played an important role in determining the architecture of the house. Chalfin was an expert in Italian furniture and interiors, and the rooms in the Main House reflect his interest in different periods of history. The eighteenth century was the main inspiration for Vizcaya—ranging from the asymmetrical and highly inventive Rococo to the more linear and austere Neoclassical style. Chalfin also wanted to evoke the style of different Italian cities, and so Vizcaya has rooms inspired by Milan (Music Room), Palermo (Reception Room) and Venice (the Cathay and Espagnolette bedrooms). In Deering’s personal suite, Chalfin assembled masculine, but yet ornate, furniture of the Napoleonic era, while in the Living Room and Dining Room he followed the fashion for “modern” Renaissance interiors popular among art collectors in Europe and the United States. Chalfin was not interested in historical consistency and he was skilled at integrating new elements of his own design into old artifacts, creating eclectic ensembles. Vizcaya was, after all, designed as a vacation house, and the décor is consistently playful and whimsical. Nonetheless, today, Vizcaya has one of the most significant collections of Italian furniture in the United States. Art Collections in the Gardens The statues, busts, vases and urns that decorate Vizcaya’s gardens range from antiquity to the Renaissance and Baroque periods, and include modern art from Deering’s time. While Chalfin’s intent was to acquire artifacts as decoration rather than to assemble a collection, the gardens do preserve a large number of important eighteenth-century sculptures representing mythological figures. These sculptures originally decorated villas around Venice, Italy. One of the most monumental outdoor sculptures at Vizcaya is the central element of the Fountain Garden. This was designed in 1722 by Filippo Barigioni (1680–1753), the architect who created the fountain in front of the Pantheon in Rome. What makes Vizcaya unique among American country estates of the time is the combination of these antique elements with new sculptural decorations by contemporary artists, such as Gaston Lachaise (1882–1935), Charles Cary Rumsey (1879–1922) and Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872–1930). Chanler was responsible for the ceiling of the swimming pool, an extraordinary stucco bas-relief representing the underwater flora and fauna of the Florida Keys. The most outstanding of Vizcaya’s twentieth-century features is the Barge, sculpted by Alexander Stirling Calder (1870–1945). Located in the water in front of the Main House, the Barge is a monumental breakwater shaped as a boat and decorated with carvings representing mythical Caribbean creatures. During Deering’s time, there were also full-grown trees, a latticework pavilion and fountains on the Barge. Preservation and Conservation At Vizcaya we are constantly active in the preservation and conservation of this unique and fragile estate and its extremely varied collections. These collections include archival material and historic photographs, textiles, sculptures, paintings and furniture, monumental architectural elements and a living collection of historic plants, some of which date back to James Deering’s day. Though James Deering used high-quality materials and construction techniques at Vizcaya, the estate is more than a century old and for many years funding was not available for maintenance and capital projects. The estate’s subtropical location on Biscayne Bay is deeply relevant to Vizcaya’s beauty and significance. This location, however, also exposes Vizcaya’s historic artifacts to saline and damp conditions and the periodic devastation of hurricanes, the first of which occurred in 1926, just a year after James Deering’s death. With every preservation and conservation project, we first conduct archival and field research to understand how things were made and how they looked in Deering’s day. Vizcaya’s designers wanted Vizcaya to look old as soon as it was built, so we don’t strive to make things look pristine or new. We also perform conditions assessment and materials analysis to document prior treatments and determine what approach might be best. And on each of these projects we collaborate with architects, conservators and scholars with the appropriate skills, training and experience.

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A woman is a femalehuman. The term woman is usually reserved for an adult, with the term girl being the usual term for a female child or adolescent. The term woman is also sometimes used to identify a female human, regardless of age, as in phrases such as "women's rights". "Woman" may also refer to a person's gender identity. Women with typical genetic development are usually capable of giving birth from puberty until menopause. In the context of gender identity, transgender people who are biologically determined to be male and identify as women cannot give birth. Some intersex people who identify as women cannot give birth due to either sterility or inheriting one or more Y chromosomes. In extremely rare cases, people who have Swyer syndrome can give birth with medical assistance. Throughout history women have assumed or been assigned various social roles. The spelling of woman in English has progressed over the past millennium from wīfmann to wīmmann to wumman, and finally, the modern spelling woman. In Old English, wīfmann meant "female human", whereas wēr meant "male human". Mann or monn had a gender-neutral meaning of "human", corresponding to Modern English "person" or "someone"; however, subsequent to the Norman Conquest, man began to be used more in reference to "male human", and by the late 13th century had begun to eclipse usage of the older term wēr. The medial labial consonants f and m in wīfmann coalesced into the modern form "woman", while the initial element, which meant "female", underwent semantic narrowing to the sense of a married woman ("wife"). It is a popular misconception that the term "woman" is etymologically connected with "womb", which is from a separate Old English word, wambe meaning "stomach" (of male or female; modern German retains the colloquial term "Wampe" from Middle High German for "potbelly"). Nevertheless, such a false derivation of "woman" has appeared in print. Woman is a 1918 American silent film directed by Maurice Tourneur, an allegorical film showcasing the story of women through points in time. Popular in its day, the film was distributed in the State's Rights plan as opposed to a major distributor like Paramount or Universal. This film has been preserved in private collections and in major venues like the Museum of Modern Art and reportedly the Gosfilmofond Archive in Russia. Some scenes were shot at Bar Harbor, Maine. It was here that one of Tourneur's cameramen, John van den Broek, lost his life while filming a scene close to the raging Atlantic Ocean. His body was swept out to sea and never found. Prints of this film are held at Cineteca Del Friuli, Germona, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Gosfilmofond of Russia, Moscow. As described in a film magazine, a modern man and woman quarrel and, in reaction to his wife, the husband recalls all the women in history who have failed their husbands or lovers. Being in an unpleasant state, he recalls Adam in the garden with a very vain Eve who disports herself in a Broadway fashion and causes the downfall of caveman-like Adam. Then he dwells on the hideous betrayal of Claudius by an unfaithful Messilna. Next he recalls the useless ruination of Abelard by the charming Heloise. Following this episode he remembers Cyrene and the fisherman, where the wife basely deserted her husband and children to swim once more in her seal skin that had been hidden from her for many years. A particularly disagreeable episode in which a young woman during the American Civil War sacrifices a wounded soldier for a bauble. After this the modern woman returns and pins up a Red Cross poster, and the modern man sees the many women of today as more or less uninspiring. An epilogue noted how World War I made men realize the true value of women, and that women are working towards victory through good works in the Red Cross and other jobs. Woman is an English weekly magazine launched in 1937. Its target audience is for 30- to 40-year-old women. It encompasses a mix of celebrity gossip and TV news, real-life stories, and fashion and beauty tips. Its lifestyle section offers ideas on homes, interiors and food, product reviews and advice. Odhams Press founded the first colour weekly, Woman in 1937, for which it set up and operated a dedicated high-speed print works. During World War II the magazine provided a range of fashion tips to cope with clothes rationing as well as recipes to deal with the shortages and alternatives. For example, in August 1943 the recipes article focused on uses of "Household milk", which was how they referred to powdered milk. Woman was published by Time Inc. UK. For the second half of 2013 the circulation of the magazine was 252,239 copies. Intention is a mental state that represents a commitment to carrying out an action or actions in the future. Intention involves mental activities such as planning and forethought. Folk psychology explains human behavior on the basis of mental states, including beliefs, desires, and intentions. Mental mechanisms, including intention, explain behavior in that individuals are seen as actors who have desires and who attempt to achieve goals that are directed by beliefs. Thus, an intentional action is a function to accomplish a desired goal and is based on the belief that the course of action will satisfy a desire. There is also a theoretical distinction between intentionality (intentional actions), and a mental state of intention for the future. Searle (1983) labeled these as intention-in-action and prior intention respectively. Prior intentions reflect forethought about intentions-in-action; prior intentions do not need to be carried out to be considered intentions. An unfulfilled intention is a prior intention that has no action associated with it. As I settle into retirement, I’ve been thinking my mother ... She only worked in the field for a few years ... Once, as a young adult, I went with her to run errands ... I was starting my life as a working woman ... A woman of poise and purpose ... Almost. Mr ... toggle audio on and off. change volume. download audio. WTOP's Jason Fraley discusses 'OrdinaryAngels' with Hilary Swank... It’s a story about this flawed woman ... And through service to another, she finds her truest purpose.” ... Source . The original film boasted a searing performance from Sakura Ando as a socially withdrawn young woman who finds purpose through boxing, and played as an anecdotal character study before breaking out the gloves. a tightly-wound, claustrophobic unravelling of one woman that is one of the year’s most thoughtful reads ... “It is very satisfying to write with such a strong purpose,” she says. “This woman was a star in ... From Salon... One would think the people who are always yammering on about how a woman’s greatest purpose is giving birth would celebrate those who endure IVF, which is both painful and expensive, just so they can have a baby ... From Newsweek ... From the BBC. ... revenue to its union and that it's an improper use of this commission for that very purpose," Fahleson said ... Woman in critical condition following crash east of Lincoln Coaching, personnel, strategy. This pizza place kneaded the last laugh ... No problem I think ... Getty Images/iStockphoto 3. A customer complained online and alleged a pizzeria purposefully burnt their food after not leaving a tip ... Woman refuses to tip for $350, 7-hour hair appointment ... 3. OKLAHOMA CITY, Feb ...Discover your potential at OCCC, where your future is our purpose ... POIETO is a woman-owned, BIPOC-led Creative and Responsible AI company dedicated to building collective intelligence for a more creative and responsible AI future ... .

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In Heavy Harness David R. Sturtevant’s novel, In Heavy Harness, portrays the American attempt to establish civil order in the Philippine Islands following the 1902 Insurrection through the adventures of First Sergeant John Stewart of the U.S Ninth Infantry. Battle-hardened John Stewart accepted a position with the Philippine Constabulary, the American-officered native police force whose primary task was to police the archipelago's seven thousand islands. Over the next decade, Stewart’s Constabulary Company engaged in firefights and hand-to-hand combat with numerous tribes, zealous religious sects and their leaders, drones, and mountain cults that robbed and murdered as a way of life. David Sturtevant weaves the colonial history of the Philippines (1902-1913) into a story suffused with well-defined, often heroic characters, great action scenes, the authentic dialogue and lifestyle of American soldiers serving in faraway corners of the world, descriptions of Stewart’s provincial travels that touch on sheep-sized bats and other exotic flora, fauna, and wildlife, and his romantic interludes with native and American women. Sturtevant has a keen eye for memorable details of daily life in the Philippines in the early 1900s ranging from young native girls rolling perfecto cigars on their inner thighs in Manila tobacco factories to the intrigue fostered by native politicians vying for power against the American administrators of the same city. In Heavy Harness showcases the difficulties America still faces today trying to co-exist across the globe with religious, political, and nationalistic minority groups espousing conflicting goals and objectives; a persistent, pervasive theme of much of man’s history.

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2007 Bounding Kangaroos PNC. The kangaroo is a marsupial mammal and is native to Australia. Standing, the kangaroo is taller than a man and can weigh around 85 kilograms. It is the largest marsupial in the world. There are over 40 different species of kangaroo, the largest of which is the Red Kangaroo. Kangaroos are members of the Macropodidae Family which means "big foot". PNC features commemorative 50 cent stamp. Please contact Adelaide Exchange Jewellers to find out more on this item.

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To overcome a lack of natural light in a given space—or to increase the added benefit of natural lighting on human biology—improved lighting now demands a connection to the outdoors. Human-centric commercial lighting can aid in patient recovery in hospitals, improve team productivity in offices and conference rooms and support learning in classrooms. Today’s LED color tuning systems allow users to control the color of light anytime after installation. Color-tunable light fixtures can harvest daylight and control light color temperature throughout the day, changing from daylight to cool white to warm white as the day progresses. Color tuning affords the ability to attune lighting to individual preferences or specific application needs. For example, the user can set the LED light fixture to follow the sun’s natural east-to-west course throughout the day or choose from standard presets (i.e., dawn, morning, midday, afternoon and evening). Three types of LED color-tunable lighting technologies allow users to tune lighting fixtures in a residence or workplace. - 2700K – 1800K range - Mimics incandescent lighting or candlelight - Dim-to-warm products become increasingly warmer in tone, akin to a flame, as light dims. These tend to work best in restaurants, hotel lobbies and guest rooms; also in ballrooms, theaters and homes. - 2700K – 5000K range - Mimics daylight - Tunable-white products allow for increasing kelvins, which increases blue-toned hues and intensity to simulate daylight. These tend to work best for industrial, medical and office lighting; also in museums and art studios. - RGBW (Red, Green, Blue, White) - Provides full range of color wheel and tunable-white - Full-color tuning products, also known as RGB, RGBA, RGBW, or color changing use primary colors to produce most colors across the color spectrum. Light and light color also play an important part in regulating the human body’s biological clock, also known as circadian rhythm. Light color and intensity can induce alertness in the daytime and rest and relaxation in the evening. Most color-tuning products come with applications on Apple or Android devices as well as wall control units. It’s important to compare control options, such as a user interface and available settings. In summary, color tuning affords the user the ability to control light color and intensity. Lighting can adapt in environments to suit particular functions on-demand.

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J. William T. "Bill" Youngs, American Realities, Volume Two: Historical Episodes from Reconstruction to the Present, Chapter Twelve "Martin Luther King Jr." courtesy of the Wikipedia Commons 12. The Civil Rights Movement This essay begins by surveying early civil rights activities including the formation of the NAACP. We then focus on events in Montgomery that began the modern civil rights movement and the events in Birmingham that tipped the balance of public support towards a civil rights bill. We follow Martin Luther King, Jr. career through these episodes and read his classic statement about the evils of segregation in the letter from Birmingham jail. Author reads from the Text King’s method consisted of nonviolent resistance to oppression. He regarded the civil rights movement as a great moral struggle between the oppressor and the oppressed; the villain was the person who lived by injustice, and the hero was the person who resisted tyranny without being degraded by it. Cowards ran from injustice; knaves became corrupted in fighting it. But the virtuous won the struggle by forcing the oppressors to reveal their cruelty to the world; for when the cruelty of segregation was fully exposed, no right-thinking person would accept its continuation. At Birmingham, King believed, the mindless villainy of segregation had been revealed in all its tawdry colors, and the heroic persistence of integration had won a great moral and political victory.

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Grotte La Faucille, Sclayn, Belgium ‘Grotte de la Faucille’ is a cave located in the valley of the Fond des Vaux, in Sclayn (municipality of Andenne, Prov. of Namur, BE). The site was discovered May 11, 1999, and dated to the early 3rd-millennium cal BC, corresponding to the transition from the late to the final Neolithic. The first three systematic excavation seasons (in 1999, 2016, and 2017) at the cave produced skeletal and dental remains of at least 12 individuals and a number of bone and lithic artefacts. The excavation season in 2021 yielded more skeletal and dental human remains and archaeological artefacts which are currently examined and results will be published in the near future. The excavation and analyses of the Neolithic Neolithic ossuary of Grotte de La Faucille have the potential to significantly expand our understanding of the mortuary behaviours, or variation in behaviours, of the Belgian Neolithic and contribute further to the lively debate on the spread of the Neolithic. Discovery and initial assessment 1999 The cave, ‘Grotte de la Faucille’ was discovered May 11, 1999. In August 1999 an initial assessment of surface deposits led to the discovery of fragmented human and animal bones as well as some archaeological evidence attributable to the FinalNeolithic. Radiocarbon dating of a human bone confirmed this, with a result of 4266 ± 40 14C BP (OxA-10584; 2 sigma: 3011-2702 cal BC; Toussaint, 2002). Excavation Campaigns 2015, 2016 & 2017 The first three systematic excavation seasons at Grotte de La Faucille produced skeletal and dental remains of multiple individuals and a number of bone and lithic artefacts. The excavated material is clearly reworked and the individuals are mostly spread on the slope outside the site. At the end of the 2017 season, complete adult long bones were visible at the entrance of the site and were further excavated in April 2021. Excavation campaign 2021 At the end of the 2017 season, complete adult long bones were visible at the entrance of the site and the continuation of the excavation in 2021 aimed to identify if these human remains, contained in a denser sedimentological unit are in situ or not. The excavation season in April 2021 yielded more skeletal and dental human remains and archaeological artefacts which are currently being examined. The reports on the excavation of the 2021 campaign will be published in the near future. The campaigns in 1999 & 2015-2017 have yielded relatively few artefacts. There are several flint fragments with sickle gloss, a tanged point consistent with those found in Late Neolithic/early Final Neolithic industries, and a further four flint flakes, without any intentional retouches. Two small pottery fragments were recovered in 2016. Three organic artefacts were found: a well-preserved bone awl, a pierced carnivore tooth and a bone artefact of unknown function. The excavations in 1999, 2015, 2016 and 2017 yielded human skeletal and dental remains, from six adults and six children. The skeletal remains are fragmentary, commingled, and some elements of the skeleton are underrepresented in the finds. With a minimum number of individuals of 12, Grotte de la Faucille is one of the largest Neolithic ossuaries recently excavated in Belgium. Prof. Dr. Joel Irish Liverpool John Moores University Prof. Isabelle De Groote Dr. Hans Vandendriessche IJk van Hattum Prof. Philippe Crombé Elliot Van Maldegem Dr. Stéphane Pirson Agence Wallonne du Patrimoine Dr. Kévin Di Modica Dr. Dominique Bonjean

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Wilderness therapy programs, designed to help troubled teens through outdoor experiences, have been marred by a series of tragic deaths over the years. Decades of Tragedy: A Chronological Overview The history of wilderness therapy deaths spans several decades, each marked by its own set of tragic events. From the 1950s to the 2020s, the list of victims reflects a disturbing pattern of negligence, inadequate care, and systemic failures within the troubled teen industry. 1. 1950s to 1970s: The Early Warning Signs Eduardo Facha García (1954): The death of Eduardo at Linton Hall Military School remains shrouded in mystery, signaling the early warning signs of the troubled teen industry. Lorene Larhette and Joyce Howden (1971): Both succumbed to freezing temperatures at Northwest Outward Bound School, highlighting the lack of environmental safety measures. 2. 1980s: A Decade of Drowning and Desperation VisionQuest Tragedies (1980): A harrowing incident where multiple teens, including Robert Doyle Erwin and Lyle Foodroy, drowned while sailing, exposing the grave risks involved in program activities. 3. 1990s: The Era of Restraint and Neglect Michelle Lynn Sutton (1990): Her death due to dehydration at Summit Quest epitomizes the extreme physical challenges and neglect faced by participants. Aaron Wright Bacon (1994): Died from a treatable condition at Northstar Expeditions, underscoring the lack of medical attention and care. 4. 2000s: Continued Tragedies and Unanswered Questions Candace Newmaker (2000): Her death during a “rebirthing” session at Evergreen Attachment Center raises serious questions about the therapeutic methods used. Martin Lee Anderson (2006): Suffocated during a restraint at Bay County Boot Camp, spotlighting the dangerous use of physical restraints. 5. 2010s to 2020s: A Legacy of Loss and Learning Recent Deaths: The continuation of fatalities into the 2010s and 2020s indicates that despite increased awareness, significant risks still plague these programs. Understanding the Causes and Consequences Inadequate Supervision and Training: Many deaths were directly linked to a lack of proper supervision and training of staff, leading to fatal decisions and inadequate responses to emergencies. Hazardous Therapeutic Methods: Some fatalities occurred due to controversial and dangerous therapeutic techniques, such as the “rebirthing” therapy that led to Candace Newmaker’s death. Neglect of Basic Needs and Medical Care: Several deaths were the result of neglecting basic needs, such as hydration, or failing to provide necessary medical care. Physical Restraints and Harsh Conditions: The use of physical restraints and exposure to extreme environmental conditions have been a common factor in many of these tragedies. Key Takeaways: Lessons Learned and Paths Forward Urgent Need for Regulatory Oversight: These deaths highlight the critical need for stricter regulations and oversight in wilderness therapy programs. Reevaluation of Therapeutic Practices: There’s a pressing need to reevaluate the therapeutic methods used in these programs to ensure they are safe and evidence-based. Enhanced Staff Training and Safety Protocols: Improving staff training, particularly in emergency response and mental health care, is essential. Greater Transparency and Accountability: Programs must be more transparent about their practices and held accountable for any failures to protect their participants. The list of lives lost in wilderness therapy programs is not just a record of individual tragedies; it’s a stark reminder of the urgent need for change in an industry that holds the lives of vulnerable youths in its hands. As we reflect on these losses, the call for action becomes clear: to prevent future tragedies, to honor the memories of those lost, and to ensure that no other family endures such a heartbreaking loss. |Eduardo Facha García |Linton Hall Military School |Early signs of oversight issues |Lorene Larhette, Joyce Howden |Northwest Outward Bound School |Environmental safety concerns |Risks in program activities |Michelle Lynn Sutton |Neglect and physical challenges |Evergreen Attachment Center |Questionable therapeutic methods |Continued risks and need for reform How are Wilderness Therapy Programs Regulated to Ensure Safety? Regulatory Framework: The oversight of wilderness therapy programs varies significantly by state and country. Some regions have specific licensing requirements and regular inspections, while others lack comprehensive regulations. This disparity in oversight can lead to inconsistencies in safety standards and program quality. What Steps are Taken to Prevent Tragedies in Wilderness Therapy? Preventative Measures: Reputable programs often implement rigorous safety protocols, including staff training in emergency response, regular health checks for participants, and strict guidelines for physical activities. However, the effectiveness of these measures largely depends on the program’s commitment to safety and adherence to best practices. How Do Wilderness Therapy Programs Screen Participants for Suitability? Participant Screening: Effective programs conduct thorough psychological evaluations to determine a participant’s suitability for the program. This screening helps identify individuals who may be at higher risk of adverse reactions to the therapy, ensuring that the program can meet their specific needs. What Role Do Mental Health Professionals Play in Wilderness Therapy? Involvement of Mental Health Experts: In the best scenarios, licensed mental health professionals are integral to the program, involved in both planning and executing therapeutic activities. Their expertise is crucial in ensuring that the therapy provided is appropriate and beneficial for each participant. How Do Wilderness Therapy Programs Address the Risk of Physical Harm? Mitigating Physical Risks: Programs are expected to have protocols for physical activities, including risk assessments and safety gear. Staff should be trained in first aid and wilderness survival skills. Despite these measures, the inherent risks of outdoor activities can never be entirely eliminated. What Support is Available for Families of Participants in Wilderness Therapy? Family Support and Involvement: Many programs offer family counseling and regular updates on the participant’s progress. This involvement is crucial for the participant’s reintegration post-program and for maintaining the therapeutic gains made during the program. How is the Effectiveness of Wilderness Therapy Programs Measured? Measuring Success: The effectiveness is often evaluated through a combination of participant feedback, behavioral assessments, and follow-up studies. However, the lack of standardized metrics across the industry can make it challenging to gauge the true efficacy of these programs. What Happens if a Participant Does Not Respond Positively to Wilderness Therapy? Handling Non-Responsive Participants: Programs should have procedures to reassess and modify the treatment plan if a participant is not responding positively. In some cases, this may involve transitioning the participant to a different type of therapy or care. How Transparent are Wilderness Therapy Programs About Their Methods and Outcomes? Transparency Issues: While some programs are open about their methods and success rates, the industry as a whole struggles with transparency. This lack of openness can make it difficult for families to make informed decisions about enrolling their child in a program. What Legal Recourse Do Families Have in Cases of Negligence or Harm? Legal Recourse for Families: In instances of negligence or harm, families may have legal recourse against the program. However, the complexity of these cases and the varying regulations across regions can affect the outcome of such legal actions. What Are the Psychological Impacts of Wilderness Therapy on Participants? Psychological Outcomes: The psychological impact of wilderness therapy can vary widely. While some participants experience significant improvements in self-esteem, resilience, and behavioral issues, others may face negative effects such as trauma, anxiety, or a sense of abandonment. The variability largely depends on the individual’s background, the program’s approach, and the quality of care provided. How Do Wilderness Therapy Programs Integrate Cultural Sensitivity into Their Practices? Cultural Sensitivity in Therapy: Programs that prioritize cultural sensitivity tailor their approaches to respect the diverse backgrounds of participants. This includes being mindful of cultural, religious, and gender identities and ensuring that activities and therapeutic methods are inclusive and respectful. However, the degree to which programs successfully implement these practices can vary significantly. What Emergency Protocols Are in Place in Wilderness Therapy Programs? Emergency Response Protocols: Established programs typically have detailed emergency response plans, including protocols for medical emergencies, natural disasters, and other critical situations. These plans often involve regular staff training, emergency communication systems, and coordination with local emergency services. The effectiveness of these protocols is crucial for ensuring participant safety. How Are Staff Members Selected and Trained in Wilderness Therapy Programs? Staff Selection and Training: Staff selection in wilderness therapy programs is a critical process that ideally involves rigorous background checks, interviews, and evaluations of qualifications and experience. Training typically includes wilderness survival skills, first aid, crisis intervention, and therapeutic techniques. Ongoing training and professional development are essential for maintaining high care standards. What Measures Are Taken to Ensure the Emotional Safety of Participants? Emotional Safety Protocols: To safeguard emotional well-being, programs should provide a supportive environment where participants feel heard and respected. This includes regular mental health check-ins, access to counseling, and creating a culture of empathy and understanding. Emotional safety is as crucial as physical safety in these settings. How Do Wilderness Therapy Programs Adapt to the Changing Needs of Participants? Adapting to Participant Needs: Adaptive programs regularly evaluate and adjust their approaches based on participant feedback and progress. This flexibility allows for personalized care and ensures that the program remains effective and relevant to each individual’s needs. What Is the Role of Peer Interaction in Wilderness Therapy? Peer Interaction Dynamics: Peer interaction plays a significant role in wilderness therapy, often providing a sense of community and mutual support. Group activities and shared experiences can foster social skills, empathy, and a sense of belonging. However, managing group dynamics to prevent bullying or exclusion is a challenge that programs must address. How Do Wilderness Therapy Programs Prepare Participants for Post-Program Life? Post-Program Transition Planning: Effective programs offer transition planning and support to help participants reintegrate into their home environment. This may include setting goals, developing coping strategies, and establishing connections with local therapists or support groups to ensure continuity of care. What Accountability Measures Are in Place for Wilderness Therapy Programs? Accountability in Program Operations: Accountability measures can include internal audits, feedback mechanisms for participants and families, and adherence to industry standards. Some programs also seek accreditation from reputable organizations as a way to demonstrate their commitment to quality and safety. How Do Wilderness Therapy Programs Address the Needs of Participants with Special Educational Requirements? Special Educational Needs Accommodation: Programs equipped to handle special educational needs typically employ or consult with educational specialists. They provide tailored educational plans, adaptive teaching methods, and additional support to ensure that participants with learning disabilities or other educational challenges receive appropriate education and support during their time in the program.

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Amador County lies in California's Sierra Nevada foothills, and has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Summer temperatures average around 80-90 degrees Fahrenheit while winter temperatures can dip to as low as 20 degrees Fahrenheit. The area receives an average of 25 inches of rainfall annually, most of which occurs between November and March. During the summer months, thunderstorms are common due to atmospheric instability caused by the large temperature contrast between the hot desert air to the east and cold air from the coast to the west. It's also important to note that Amador County lies in a high fire risk area due to its lack of humidity and abundance of dry vegetation. Amador County, California gets 35 inches of rain, on average, per year. The US average is 38 inches of rain per year. Amador County averages 5 inches of snow per year. The US average is 28 inches of snow per year. On average, there are 259 sunny days per year in Amador County. The US average is 205 sunny days. Amador County gets some kind of precipitation, on average, 68 days per year. Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground. In order for precipitation to be counted you have to get at least .01 inches on the ground to measure. Summer High: the July high is around 93 degrees Winter Low: the January low is 36 Rain: averages 35 inches of rain a year Snow: averages 5 inches of snow a year

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08 May 2020 | News Nilesh Jain, Co-founder, CliniQ shares his views on telemedicine According to the guidelines set by the WHO, the ratio of a government doctor to the population must be 1:1,800. However, reports recorded that India has only one government doctor for every 1,139 individuals. To make matters worse, qualified professionals choose the busy city life over the remote rural fields. So, as the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic began to unfold, people across the globe quickly turned to virtual care and remote monitoring. Teleconsultation gained recognition and became an essential supporting pillar for the dodgy health systems. Worldwide, political leaders urged the population to make the best of the services provided by healthcare workers through the use of technology. In order to provide reliable information and guidance on best practices to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus, the World Health Organization (WHO) also took advantage of technology and social media. By definition, Telemedicine is the use of telecommunications and information technology to provide clinical services to patients remotely. WHO prefers to call it “healing from a distance“. Seeing that the practice of social distancing has gained momentum in the last few weeks, there has been a considerable change in the delivery of healthcare services too. Advancement in the infrastructure in information technology has made video conferencing with a physician as easy as calling a distant relative for advice about an upset stomach. Improved access to care and immediate resolution during times of crisis has allowed telemedicine to establish a firm hold but what lies ahead? Today’s App-roach to healthcare: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Government of India recently launched a mobile app ‘Aarogya Setu’ to ensure the general public has access to all the information they need in real time - from a quick preliminary examination to tracking active cases, this app is instrumental in relaying reliable information through communities across the country. Numerous video-conferencing apps are being used for communication between doctors and patients. A variety of healthcare apps by both proprietary software owners and multispecialty hospitals are helping individuals find a physician under minutes to discuss early symptoms and take the right action. Improved access to healthcare: Stable networks connections and smartphone cameras have shrunk the gap between experienced professionals and the rural population’s demand for qualified healthcare workers. According to recent news, the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Uddhav Thackeray urged retired practitioners to join forces with the government in the fight against COVID-19. Telemedicine is providing an efficient way to strengthen our healthcare system by balancing its demand using technology. Inexpensive doctor visits: Health-related services are expensive since most people often report a disease in its most chronic form. A majority of people refrain from consulting a doctor for minor conditions such as a flu. This ignorant practice is being modified by the use of telemedicine to cut down the cost of COVID-19 testing by providing immediate resolutions for reported symptoms and taking the necessary actions. Challenges to telemedicine: Although the practice of telemedicine has been encouraged by the WHO for the delivery of health services in remote areas for the exchange of valid information with regard to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, it continues to be uncharted territory for smaller rural communities. Unaware of the concept of telemedicine, these communities are still struggling to find primary healthcare services and are resistant to telemedicine partly due to lack of reliable sources; but mostly due to lack of trust in online health services. Another curious finding highlights the impact of telemedicine. It might be extremely easy to analyze the individual performance of healthcare professionals practicing telemedicine yet the collective outcome still remains conflicted as there is no definite framework or models available for accessing the quality of services provided. Tomorrow’s AI-m for improving healthcare: With changes in policies and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning peddling into the present, the healthcare system is expected to undergo a transformation. Instant diagnosis and early detection will not only enable patients to look at their health differently but also support health experts to expand their practice to include the overlooked sections of the society.

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In Year 2 we have been using domino cards to help us with odd and even numbers, shapes, place value and multiplication. This was one of the best Mathematic lessons ever! As part of our unit on measures we worked in small groups to use the scales to measure objects in class. Some of us worked with Mrs McGrail and Mrs Turner to read scales on the computer. We were measuring mass and used the units of grams and kilograms. We did our Maths session outside and used a ruler to measure in cm. We had to draw lines on the playground that were certain lengths. Some of us worked with Mrs McGrail and Mrs Turner to measure leaves and twigs. We worked in pairs to order the number cards from the smallest to the largest. We even used the ipad and took the pictures ourselves! Have a look at our great work!

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Finding Statistics in Mathematics Statistics in Mathematics – Dead or Alive? Data scientists utilize a blend of distinct concepts from mathematics, statistics, information science and company intelligence to compose algorithms to analyze data. Statistics form an integral basis tool in business and manufacturing too. Experimental data collection is helpful in testing theories and distinct products and is quite a fundamental component of mathematics and all science for a whole. Like lots of the sciences, communication employs statistical procedures to communicate data received. On the flip side, in deep learning, the more data that you have, the more features you’ve got, the buy essay better. It has tons of means to classify and sort variables and data so that they are sometimes studied with tools you will be introduced to later. This question can be answered by counting the range of further pieces created by every cut. To start with, a number of us might think we are emotionally prepared to put money into a new relationship. Your answers have to be clear. Data science is a good job. Just you must be clear with the next topics in mathematics and statistics. Mathematics emphasizes careful reasoning, in addition to the analysis and solution of issues. You may use this to showcase your abilities and competency when you’re applying for employment, Keep updated. Understanding and appreciating the different genres of literature demands a very good understanding of the fundamental rules of the language in which they’re expressed. And Machine learning is an important area of information science. Moreover, http://en.wikipedia.com/wiki/Factory future teachers obtain a good foundation in teaching techniques and materials, together with a mathematics faculty-monitored internship. Any research field, particularly, needs the support of competent statisticians. By getting to understand every one of their students personally in smaller classes, faculty members are in a position to present excellent mentoring and individualized instruction. The Upside to Statistics in Mathematics Among them, this site has a lot of features and facilities. The target of this application is to prepare individuals for professional careers in areas which make usage of mathematical and statistical methods. Getting consistent in your walking exercise routine is among the most essential things in creating a healthier physical activity program. There are many approaches to statistics, the majority of which rely on a few essential concepts. Also, because of the reliance on fewer assumptions, non-parametric methods are somewhat more robust. In the event you’re unfamiliar with these concepts, here is the way to calculate each one. The question of a rational selection of the significance level under given concrete conditions (for instance, in the evolution of rules for statistical excellent control in mass production) is quite essential. Asking whether a Bonferroni correction was used is among the most effective ways to ascertain how seriously to have an outcome. To facilitate using other statistical measures. The subject is closely associated with probability since it includes the distribution of information over a rage of parameters that aids the managers in the actual world scenario to effectively resolve the issues. Though a satisfactory explanation will be able to help you understand what it means and how it is able to be utilized to rank data values. Random Sampling and Estimation Learn how to choose a random sample and use it in order to estimate characteristics of a whole population. If you only recruit subjects in one definite way, your sample can become badly skewed. The outcomes of these tests are then going to be employed to estimate the proportion of defective batteries in the populace. This sample may be used to form a sample mean that’s like the mean of the sort of measurement we’re searching for in the people. The city is full of historical associations. Now it has grown into one of the jobs which are in amazing demand and doesn’t have any symptoms of slowing down. Particularly for those who have families, relocation could possibly be very demanding your partner may also require work in your new city and new schools ought to be found for kids, which can be challenging. Rich men and women who move to rural areas are working to escape from their materialistic way of life and have a tendency to be more religious. The animals which are surviving deforestation must flee the region and seek out new shelter, which might not only be harmful to animals, but to humans too. It’s hard for a man to look at that zoos may be beneficial for human education when they’re fixated on the thought that animals in zoos are suffering and living an abysmal existence. Statistical consultants can help organizations and businesses that don’t have in-house expertise related to their specific questions. The skills of an actuary can help individuals ascertain how much money to invest as a way to create a desired outcome. The basics of surveying exam prep is a handy on-line tool designed especially to assist you study for and pass the exam. The goal of tabulation always has to be considered before the preparation of a statistical table. In some instances, you want to fix your statistics homework problems, but have zero idea about how to execute complicated questions. Now that you’re familiar with the necessary abilities, it’s time to pay attention to your development areas and sharpen the ones you presently have. It is, in addition, the third Carmichael number. Statistics tools are essential for the data analysis. This is the tiny information regarding how to develop into a Data Scientist which might be useful. Generally speaking, a data scientist should understand how to code so they can write scripts to run to process the data. You should get an appetite for data. 1 approach to analyze data is known as descriptive statistics.

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Whenever a new website design is planned, there will be debates about colors, images, and layout, but one aspect of a web design is often given little thought. We are talking about the fonts used within the website, which is the type, size, and style of the text. Many websites are created with little thought about fonts, so the finished website might not perform as hoped. The argument could be made that it is what the text or content has to say within a most important website, and that is true to an extent, but choosing the most suitable font for your audience can also be highly beneficial. If you are planning or designing a new website, to help you better understand what fonts are available and what websites they might be most suited to, we will outline the seven main font types and highlight some of the most popular fonts. This is a classic font type and one which is used on a huge number of websites. You can identify a serif font as the characters, be they letters or numbers, all with small embellishments, such as a stroke or a line. Serif fonts can be used on just about every type of website, although they are especially suited to those in business, news, and technology niches. Standard serif fonts are Times New Roman, Garamond, and Georgia.

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Friday 16th September Year 5 have had another incredible week at school! Here is what we have been up to: In maths, we have been learning how to add and subtract numbers using the column method. We solved a range of problems involving this, including solving problems and finding missing digits in calculations. We were really impressed with the reasons that the children were giving with their answers, so well done Year 5! Next week, we will be moving on to look at multiplying and dividing by 10, 100 and 1000, including decimals. In English this week we have been learning about Antarctica and beginning to write our own non-chronological reports about the continent. We have focussed on using formal language and technical vocabulary to write paragraphs about the geography and wildlife in Antarctica, and next week we will be continuing with this by researching and writing about the history of Antarctica, including famous explorers that have visited there. We have also began to read our exciting new book, Ice Trap. The children produced some fantastic pieces of drama portraying how Shackleton could have informed his crew that Endurance had crashed! We will continue to read this text next week. The children also settled well into their new spelling groups this week. From next week, we will be sending the children home with their yellow books with five spellings for them to learn for the following Friday. This week, we have continued with our topic, Frozen Kingdom. We have spent this week researching the life of Ernest Shackleton and created fact files detailing his greatest successes. We then moved on to create artwork and pieces of drama to advertise the need for crew to join Shackleton’s crew on Endurance. Next week, we will be moving on to learning about Antarctica’s geographical features, within which we will be conducting our own investigations into the influence of climate on natural features. Thank you for all of the beautifully decorated Love to Learn books. This week, we would like the children to participate in a local competition to create a poster to persuade people to stop littering. Please see the letter attached to the blog for information on this. Please support your child in reading at least four times a week. Children should be taking a quiz on Accelerated Reader once they have finished a book. Sports Project is on a Wednesday. Please could children come to school in school uniform but with trainers. PE is on a Thursday, and for this term is swimming. Please could children come to school in their PE kit and bring their swimming things in a bag. On Tuesday 4th October, Year 5 will be going to Nethercourt park to look at ecosystems as part of our Topic. Please could children bring spare shoes that they don’t mind getting muddy and a coat on this day. We will be leaving at 9 and will be back before lunchtime. Year 5 music lessons with Mr Coney will begin next Thursday (22nd September). Children may bring their own guitars if they wish to. Our Harvest Festival will take place on 21st October Individual School Photographs will take place on Tuesday 18th October Term 1 ends on Friday 21st October Term 2 begins on Tuesday 1st November

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A coalition of environmental, food safety, and consumer health advocacy groups petitioned the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yesterday to ban per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from food contact uses, and to “take aggressive action to protect consumers from all PFCs [per- and poly-fluorinated compounds].” The petition contends that the scientific evidence shows “widespread harm” to health from PFAS exposure, and that the substances’ “widespread use and their ability to remain intact in the environment means that over time PFAS levels from past and current uses can result in increasing levels of environmental contamination” and accumulation in humans and animals. “The cumulative effect of PFAS from all these sources on our health, including our risk of cancer, harm to our immune system and impaired development of our children, has resulted in a national outcry for comprehensive action; states have been compelled to take action because the federal government’s piecemeal approach has left residents at risk.” – June 3rd Petition to FDA Meanwhile, numerous food service and other companies are moving to adopt policies that prohibit PFAS in food packaging, including McDonald’s Corp., Wendy’s Co., Whole Foods Market, Inc., Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc.; Office Depot, LLC; and Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize NV, which owns Food Lion, the Giant Co., and Fresh Direct. For decades, the FDA has authorized several broad classes of PFAS for use in food contact substances due to their non-stick and grease, oil, and water-resistant properties. The authorization of the use of a food contact substance (FCS) requires that available data and information demonstrate that there is a “reasonable certainty of no harm” for that use. To make this finding, the FDA conducts an extensive review of scientific data, including data on migration of the substance into food, expected consumer exposure to the substance, and potential health impact from this exposure. Currently, according to the FDA, PFAS are authorized for the following general categories of food contact uses: - Non-stick cookware: PFAS may be used as a coating to make cookware non-stick. - Gaskets, O-Rings, and other parts used in food processing equipment: PFAS may be used as a resin in forming certain parts used in food processing equipment that require chemical and physical durability. - Processing aids: PFAS may be used as processing aids for manufacturing other food contact polymers to reduce build-up on manufacturing equipment. - Paper/paperboard food packaging: PFAS may be used as grease-proofing agents in fast-food wrappers, microwave popcorn bags, take-out paperboard containers, and pet food bags to prevent oil and grease from foods from leaking through the packaging. The petitioners contend that FDA’s historic actions have been “a significant contributor to the consumer’s exposure … but the extent of the food contamination from the substances the agency currently allows is largely unknown because the agency does not test for them.” In 2012, FDA reached agreements to remove long-chain PFAS from food packaging, though the agency continued authorizing FCS made from short-chain PFAS. In 2019, FDA reached agreements with manufacturers to phase out some food use short-chain PFAS by 2023. The petitioners specifically request that FDA: - Revoke existing food contact authorizations that have been granted for PFAS; - Evaluate other FDA regulations to identify and remove other food contact approvals for PFAS; - Ban PFAS use in food packaging and food handling equipment; and - Require companies to demonstrate that all PFCs, including PFAS, “do not biopersist or cause cancer by non-genomic means in order for their continued use in food contact materials to remain authorized.” The June 3rd petition was filed by the Environmental Defense Fund, Breast Cancer Prevention Partners, Center for Environmental Health, Center for Food Safety, Consumer Federation of America, Consumer Reports, Defend Our Health, Environmental Working Group, Green Science Policy Institute, Healthy Babies Bright Futures, and the League of Conservation Voters. The FDA has 180 days to respond.

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On April 15, Judge André Birotte Jr. for the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California determined that the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation’s (Bureau) operation of the Twitchell Dam with certain water flows did not result in an unlawful take of Southern California Steelhead trout, a species listed as endangered under the federal Endangered Species Act. Plaintiffs San Luis Obispo Coastkeeper and Los Padres Forestwatch claimed that the Bureau’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the Twitchell Dam limit the timing and volume of releases from the dam in a manner that has diminished trout habitat and resulted in harm to the trout population by impairing behavioral patterns including breeding, spawning, rearing, and migrating. The dam’s 1954 authorization act (1954 Act) set its operating priorities for the Bureau, and the district court concluded that providing water for species protection was not among Congress’ listed “other” priorities. According to the 1954 Act and historical sources, the court concluded that the dam’s purpose was to conserve water, and flows to the ocean were considered a waste. Since the 1954 Act did not provide the Bureau discretion over water uses, Judge Birotte found that the Bureau’s actions under its SOP was not the proximate cause of a prohibited take of a listed species. Moreover, the opinion stated that “the use plaintiffs seek [for the protection of species] is not incidental to the express purposes of the project, but instead is a wholly different purpose that detracts from fulfilling the project’s express purposes.” This decision emphasizes the importance of whether a federal agency is deemed to have sufficient discretion to operate to protect listed species under the implementing legislation for a given project.

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I hope you have all had a wonderful week; you're so close to exam day! Today, we're going to be discussing how to structure your PDHPE responses. I thought I had smashed my first PDHPE assessment in year 11. I knew all the content, and I could answer all the questions; my marks said otherwise. I soon learned that knowing the content is only one component of answering PDHPE questions. The two most significant things I had neglected in that first assessment were addressing the NESA syllabus verbs and having any structure to my writing. I just word dumped all the information from my head to the paper, which may get you a few marks but not close to full marks. I'm going to introduce you to a concept that I like to call the "Golden Framework to answer PDHPE questions". It involves three stages that will help you approach, plan, and finally answer any PDHPE short answer question thrown your way. Stage 1: The breakdown 1. Read and then re-read the question. 2. Highlight (or underline) the key verb. This will inform you about how to answer the question. The key verb should give you a general idea about how to scaffold your response. I recommend brainstorming a list of key phrases that help you answer certain verb types, e.g. "this is highly effective", for evaluate. The most common PDHPE verbs tend to be: · Evaluate / assess 3. Underline the relevant syllabus content, so you know what to include in your response. Some questions require you to link multiple syllabus areas. I would recommend annotating the side of your exam paper to ensure you don't miss any crucial parts of the question. 4. Re-read the question to ensure you're not missing any important links or hidden tricks in the question's wording. Stage 2: Planning In particular, for long mark questions, it is vital to write a brief plan at the top of your page. This will help you structure your response effectively and ensure you don't step away from what the question is asking you. You may want to write a checklist of the syllabus content you need to include or the keywords you want to include in your response so you don't miss anything out. As you go through writing your response, you can mark off each point as you go. Stage 3: Answering the question Once you have a good grasp of what the question is asking you and a solid idea about how you're going to structure your response, you can now dive into the actual answering of the question. 1. Start with a solid and direct opening statement that helps outline the main direction your response is going and addresses the area of the syllabus that you're talking about. If you're unsure what to include, it can be helpful to define the most crucial concept that you'll be addressing to help start the process. Generally, starting the question is the most challenging part! 2. Point: Introduce your first main point that you'll be talking about. For example, if you're answering an Ottawa Charter question, you may introduce the first action area by defining it. 3. Example: Examples are everything! If appropriate, include an example to back up and shed light on the point you're trying to make. It's essential to include PDHPE specific "buzz words" in your response to help add sophistication to your writing. 4. Elaborate: Don't just drop your example in and move on to the following example. You need to clearly show the relationship between your example and the overarching point. After doing this, you may provide a bit more context or depth to add to your original point. 5. Link: It is crucial that at the end of each point, you need to link it back to the main question before you move on to your next point. It may feel very repetitive, but it is crucial to link what you're saying back to the question so the examiner can see that you're linking content back to the question. Use linking words such as “therefore”, “this demonstrates”, “thus …” 6. Repeat! Continue this "PEEL" structure for every point that you introduce to your writing. Depending on the mark allocation, you may only have to follow this structure once or twice, but for 8-9 markers, you may be completing this structure upward of 6 times! 7. Summary: At the end of your response, include a concise sentence that sums up the main argument and links all your points back to the question. For certain questions, such as evaluate, you may wish to provide a final judgement statement or choose a broader linking statement for lower-order verbs. Ideas for study breaks Research has shown that sitting down for hours on end can have a negative effect on mental and physical health. Even though it's easy to get wrapped up in a practice paper or learn a particular topic, it's crucial that you get up and moving every 1-2 hours. What I liked to do as a quick 5-minute "brain break" was to put on a YouTube dance video! I feel sorry for anyone who witnessed my not so in time dance moves … It's an excellent way to get a quick endorphin rush and a break to help you study more efficiently. If dancing isn't your thing, find something you love that gets you out of your chair, such as a short yoga routine, some stretches, go and pat your dog or even some karaoke! I hope you smash through all your study this week, speak to you next week for the final week of preparation – woohoo! J

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Sleep and mental health are both important to address if you’re struggling with issues with either. If you’re struggling to get enough sleep and also struggle with mental health issues, it’s important to learn how to get a healthy amount of sleep every night. When you don’t get enough sleep, it makes it harder to live a life of mental and physical well-being. Poor sleep quality can actually make symptoms of mental health issues worse. But, on the other hand, symptoms of mental health can make getting a healthy amount of sleep a challenge. Fortunately, learning more about how you can work towards changing your sleeping habits can help you to establish a healthy sleep schedule and get the healthy amount of sleep you need. No one always gets enough sleep. Whether it’s due to excitement, stress, or something a person ate, it’s normal not to get enough sleep every now and then. However, it’s important to have a sleep routine in place so that you can actively attempt to get enough sleep on a regular basis. Sleep is vital for health. Without enough sleep, you may start to notice some unwanted side effects in your life including: Experiencing some or even all of these symptoms of sleep deprivation can be debilitating to daily life. But, not being able to get enough sleep isn’t something that should be considered normal. While it’s typical to not get enough sleep due to emotions and situations that you can’t control, it’s not normal not getting enough sleep every night on a constant basis. Sleep is important for everyone. But, good sleep is even more important for people living with mental health issues. Sleep issues are common for people living with mental health issues and can even be a symptom of living with a mental health issue. However, not getting enough sleep can actually make mental health issues worse as they can exacerbate symptoms of mental health issues. Some of the issues that people living with these issues may face surrounding sleep can include: There are some things that people who are living with the symptoms of mental health issues can actively do to attempt to get better quality sleep. Some of these tips include: Sticking to a Sleep Routine: We are creatures of habit. So, making a routine for sleep can help our minds and bodies wind down because they’ll slowly adjust to doing the same thing every day. Setting a sleep routine may mean sticking to a time every night to designate getting ready for bed and a bedtime to stick to each night. Making Your Sleep Environment Comfortable: When we are relaxed and feel safe, our bodies and minds are more likely to let us rest. Work on making your sleep environment feel safer and more comfortable by getting comfortable sheets and pillows, setting up a fan or heater, dimming the lights, and doing whatever it takes to make your sleeping space feel like a place of peace. Don’t Do Anything In Your Bed But Sleep: Our minds automatically associate specific places with activities. So, it’s important to designate your bed for sleeping. Refrain from laying in your bed and scrolling through your phone, working from your bed, or watching TV from your bed. Rather, only get in your bed if it’s time to sleep. This way, your body and mind associate your bed with sleep – and nothing else. Do you feel that your sleep is being impacted by your mental health? If using these tips is unsuccessful and you’re still not getting the healthy amount of sleep you need, help is available. You may be living with a sleep disorder and need professional assistance. Delray Center for Integrative Healing offers mental health assistance for people struggling with mental health issues, including sleep issues.

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To optimize the air-fuel mixture and enhance combustion and ignition performance, the intake air volume into the engine needs to be constantly monitored and adjusted. Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensors are essential to this process. A compact semiconductor vacuum sensor, the MAP sensor takes advantage of the piezoeletric resistance effect, where electrical resistance changes when pressure is applied to silicone. This effect is used to measure the intake manifold pressure coming downstream from the throttle valve. The pressure measurement is then passed onto the engine ECU via electrical signals and is used to calculate the intake air volume. Once this is calculated, the ECU can then adjust engine performance to ensure optimal air-fuel ratio control. Although this is the main function of MAP sensors, these parts are also used to measure the boost pressure coming upstream from the throttle valve and the turbo manifold pressure to optimize engine performance in severe turbocharging or supercharging environments.

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Published on : 14 December 20226 min reading time There are many different types of documents that can be written by a lawyer. Some common examples include contracts, wills, trusts, and powers of attorney. Lawyers can also draft letters and legal documents on behalf of their clients. Most business contracts are written by lawyers. The lawyer will take into account the interests of the client, the terms of the contract, and the legalities involved. The lawyer will also make sure that the contract is fair to both parties and that it meets all the requirements of the law. Wills and Trusts A will is a document that provides for the distribution of your assets upon your death. A trust is a document that allows you to manage your assets during your lifetime and provides for the distribution of your assets upon your death. Business organizations are a complex and specialized area of the law. Lawyers who represent business organizations must have a deep understanding of the various legal issues that can arise in the course of business operations. They must also be familiar with the specific laws that govern businesses in the jurisdiction in which the organization operates. Most business organizations are formed as corporations or limited liability companies. These types of organizations offer their owners protection from personal liability for the debts and obligations of the business. However, forming a corporation or limited liability company is a complex legal process. Lawyers who represent business organizations can help their clients navigate the process and ensure that the organization is properly formed and operated in compliance with the law. Business organizations must also comply with a wide range of regulatory requirements. Lawyers who represent business organizations can help their clients understand and comply with these requirements. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in significant penalties, including fines and jail time. Lawyers who represent business organizations must have a deep understanding of the law and the ability to navigate the complex legal landscape. They must also be familiar with the specific laws that govern businesses in the jurisdiction in which the organization operates. Business organizations are a complex and specialized area of the law. Lawyers who represent business organizations must have a deep understanding of the various legal issues that can arise in the course of business operations. They must also be familiar with the specific laws that govern businesses in the jurisdiction in which the organization operates. Real Estate Transactions There are many different types of real estate transactions that a lawyer may be involved in. The most common type of transaction is the sale of a property. In this type of transaction, the lawyer will typically draft the purchase agreement, which is the document that sets forth the terms of the sale. The lawyer may also be involved in negotiating the terms of the sale, and may attend the closing of the sale to make sure that everything is done correctly. Other types of real estate transactions that a lawyer may be involved in include the leasing of a property, the financing of a purchase, and the development of real estate. In each of these cases, the lawyer will play a different role, but will typically be involved in drafting and reviewing documents, and making sure that all of the legal requirements are met. As you know, a lawyer is someone who provides advice and represents people in legal matters. There are many different types of lawyers, each specializing in different areas of the law. For example, there are criminal lawyers, family lawyers, business lawyers, and so on. When it comes to tax planning, a lawyer can be extremely helpful. A lawyer can help you determine what deductions you can take, how to structure your affairs to minimize your tax liability, and so on. In addition, a lawyer can help you if you are audited by the IRS or state tax authorities. If you are thinking of starting your own business, or if you already have a business, it is a good idea to consult with a lawyer about tax planning. A lawyer can help you set up your business in a way that will minimize your tax liability. For example, if you are a sole proprietor, you may want to consider incorporating your business. This will give you the benefit of limited liability, which means that your personal assets are protected in the event that your business is sued. There are many other ways a lawyer can help you with tax planning. If you have questions about estate planning, trusts, or other tax-related matters, a lawyer can help you. There are many different types of documents that can be written by a lawyer. One type of document is an estate planning document. This type of document can help you plan for your future and protect your assets. An estate planning document can include a will, trusts, power of attorney, and healthcare directives. A lawyer may draft a number of different types of documents, including pleadings, discovery requests and responses, motions, briefs, and opinions. Each type of document serves a different purpose and is written using different legal rules and strategies. Pleadings are the documents that initiate a lawsuit or other legal proceeding. They typically include a statement of the facts, the legal claims being made, and the relief that the party is seeking. Discovery requests and responses are used to gather information from the other side in a case. Discovery requests can be very broad, and the responses must be very specific. Motions are used to ask the court to make a ruling on a particular issue. For example, a motion to dismiss may be filed if the other side has failed to state a valid legal claim. Briefs are written arguments that are submitted to the court to support a particular position. They typically include citations to legal authority and examples of how the law applies to the facts of the case. Opinions are written by judges to explain the reasoning behind their decisions. They are usually very detailed and can be very long.

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The Livonian Order originally possessed a castle in Poide, but when it was destroyed during the mass uprisings on the Night of St. George in 1343, they realized the need to rebuild. They chose the plot of land on Vaike River for its suitable harbor. Books that have been preserved by the Order chronicle the construction of the Maasi Fortress at Saaremaa, as was written by the Brothers of the Order, and its subsequent renovations and additions. Upon further research, however, it has been found that the building’s construction went on for such a long period, that two of these Brothers passed away before its completion. In fact, the entire construction is said to have lasted at least 200 years. Research into the walls of the fortress that still stand has revealed that the fortress was comprised of a center square tower that was encased by loosely-shaped fortification walls. It is also written that, aside from needing a new stronghold, the Livonians used the construction of Maasi as a punishment to native Saaremaas. It is said that these natives were responsible for the aforementioned mass uprisings that destroyed the Livonian Order’s original stronghold at Poide, killing all of the Germans. The German name given to Maasi was Soneburg, which means ‘punishment fortress’ – or prison. It was meant to be a place to imprison those that had cost the Livonian’s so dearly. It is thought, based on the history of the structure, that there were two main stages of construction, the first of which was the building of a single story castle with three rooms, each of which had vaulted ceilings. At the corner joists, cannon towers rose towards the sky, and were not roofed. Denmark and Sweden’s politics eventually sealed Maasi’s fate. The then-King of Denmark, Frederick, bought the lands of Saaremaa, thereby purchasing the Maasi Fortress, as well. Twice Sweden was able to regain control of the fortress; however, Frederick finally ordered in 1576 that the fortifications of Maasi were to be destroyed once and for all. Recently, the Estonian preservationists have begun to clean the area and work towards a conservation plan for the ruins of Maasi. The Maasi Fortress’ ruins can be found at the 4km market on Orissaare Road, about 1500 feet north.

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- Skimpflation is a situation where firms – in response to higher costs – reduce the quality of a good/service. Skimpflation means consumers get less for the same price. - Skimpflation is related to inflation in that rising prices and costs in the economy lead to lower living standards for consumers. The difference is that although prices do not rise directly, you would effectively have to spend more to get the same service that you did before. Examples of Skimpflation - Airlines reducing the number of air stewards and therefore giving consumers less service during a long haul flight. - Phone companies reduce the number of workers in call centres so that when you ring up with a technical problem, it takes longer to get through. - Bicycle shops no longer give free check-up of bikes a month after buying new bike because they are so busy. - Hotels not providing waiter service, but relying on customers to do self-checkouts for breakfast and maels. Causes of Skimpflation - Rising prices and rising costs. If a firm faces rising costs of production, then the typical response is to increase prices. However, if market conditions are very competitive, firms may be reluctant to increase prices because they would lose market share. Therefore, they save costs by reducing the quality of the service for the product. - Shortage of labour. In 2021, many workers have resigned from their jobs and firms have struggled to fill labour vacancies. In this climate, wages have started to rise. But, trying to keep costs down, firms have an incentive to try and make do with fewer workers. Fewer workers enable costs to remain low and avoid price increases, but the drawback is that it will lead to lower service standards. Related concept – Shrinkflation - Shrinkflation. Shrinkflation is a very similar concept. Shrinkflation is when firms reduce the size of the product, rather than increase the price. For example, a firm may reduce the size of a chocolate bar from 50grams to 40 grams in order to be able to keep the same price.

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Electrical Switch Symbols A switch is one of the most commonly found devices everywhere. You might find some of these around your household as you turn light or a fan on or off. Switches are an electrical device used to close or break the circuit. It will connect or disconnect appliances by interrupting the path of the current. Switches may be simple devices, but their selection is a whole process depending on what you need it for. To make matters simpler, there are three important things to consider in a switch: - Method of Operation Method of Operation SPST (Single Pole Single throw) This is the most basic kind of switch with one input and one output. It is also called a toggle switch. In our electrical software - EdrawMax, you can click the action button then click the Close Circuit menu item to close the circuit switch. You can double click to edit the text at the symbol. You can move the yellow control point to change the position of the text. SPDT (single pole double throw) This is a three-terminal switch. One terminal is input with two others as outputs. It is usually used in a three-way circuit. For example, to turn a light on or off from 2 different locations. DPST (double pole, single throw) This switch has two poles with two similar circuits side by side. With a single push, both circuits will turn on or off. It is mostly used to regulate 240V appliances. DPDT (double pole double throw) The DPDT switch is used anywhere that needs open or closed wiring. It is equal to 2 SPDT switches. Switch contacts have ratings for the current and voltage. There may be multiple ratings for AC and DC. If you want to use the switch for low voltage appliances, the rating will not matter. However, for high rated electronics, you check for the current rating in the switch. There are multiple terms used to describe contacts found in switches. A switch is off when it is open and on when it is closed. There may be numerous close positions in a switch. The simplest of the switches has one pole and one throw. This means it has one set of contacts and one switching position. A few of the terms you need to be familiar with are given below. Pole: The number of contact sets in a switch. Way: The number of conducting positions. This can be three or more. Throw: This can be either single or double and shows the number of conducting positions. There are many other switches you can explore and select according to the task you need it for. There is an endless number of switches and electrical symbols used to draw circuit diagrams and wiring plans. Some of them are more common than others, and a little knowledge about them will help you use them constructively. This means the circuit is complete, and the current is flowing. Special electrical switch to send messages in morse code. During high current spikes, it breaks the circuit to protect appliances. Used in control rooms, it is activated when it comes in contact with its actuator. The single pole double throw switch has 3 terminals with one common terminal. Double pole double through turns on and off two circuits at the same time using a common lever. Operates on the difference of current between the live and neutral wire. When the pulse counter reaches the specific level, the circuit completes. Double pole single throw switch turns on or off two circuits at one time. Double pole multi throw switch can connect to independent circuits that can be switched to multiple terminals. Between switching from OFF to ON, the switch takes some time. Delays while switching from ON to OFF and OFF to ON. Rotary switch in a closed position Rotary Switch in the open position. Pressing the push button will close (ON) the switch, and releasing it will open (OFF) it. The circuit usually remains closed. By pushing the button, the circuit opens, and when you release it, the course closes again. Makes or breaks contact when the timer runs out. Switch with a lever to stick connected to the base. A switch that detects the level of a liquid. Turns on or off depending on the rise and fall of the level. Soft starts fluorescent lamp. Made by packing multiple switches together in a dual inline package (DIP). Foot pedal switch used to operate heavy machinery. Closes and opens a circuit due to tilting motion. Sensor that detects an object in a close range. Switch one or more circuits at a time. Closed thermal (ON) switch at room temperature. Opens (OFF) as temperature rises above a certain level. Thermal switch opens at room temperature. Turns on when the temperature is increased. Alternate Symbols for Switches The following table lists alternate symbols for different states of switches, such as position switch, manual switch, push-button break switch, selector switch. |2 position switch |3 position switch |4 position switch |pushbutton make switch |shorting selector switch You can import new icons in EdrawMax in a few simple steps. Alternatively, you can create symbols and add them to your own symbol library. Step 1: Open a New Canvas Open EdrawMax software and click on File. Navigate through the [New] tab and select [Electrical Engineering], followed by [Basic Electrical] in the diagram pane. Then click on the [Plus] button. This will open a new canvas and ensure that only symbols related to a specific topic appear, for instance: electrical. Step 2: Add Symbols To Your Library After that, go to the [Symbols] tab and select the symbol you want to add. Right-click on it, and a pop-up menu will appear. Navigate through it and click [Add to my libraries] followed by [My Library]. The selected symbol will be added to the library. Step 3: Create Your Own Symbol If you cannot find a symbol that meets your needs, EdrawMax allows you to customize one. Draw the symbol on the blank canvas. You can add connectors, textboxes or even add, subtract and intersect it. After you are done, select it, and click on the plus-shaped icon to add a symbol from the canvas to the library. Step 4: Import Symbol From a Local File You can also use pre-made symbols saved locally on your computer. Go to the [Symbol] tab and click [Import Symbols]. A dialog box will open that allows you to browse and import different types of files. Click on [Import Image] to browse through your computer and select the symbol. Click [Open] to add it to your library. Tip: You can import Visio VSXX files into EdrawMax and build the symbol library. Step 5: Delete a Symbol from Library You can easily manage your symbol library by deleting those you don’t want anymore. Select the icon and right-click to open the menu. Click [Delete] to remove the symbol from the library. Use the above methods to add new icons in your library and remove the unneeded ones. EdrawMax is one of the top-selling wiring diagram makers that helps you create diagrams, drawings, and charts in a matter of minutes. The endless series of templates and industry symbols make it a professional-grade yet easy-to-understand tool Some of the features that make EdrawMax the best solution to your electrical drawing problems are listed below. Let’s have a look: An Assortment of Symbols EdrawMax features a gamut of industry-specific symbols that will help you make your diagram quickly. The symbols can be customized by changing their line styles and colors. The symbols can be rotated and resized. You can easily add switches, appliances and connect them to create your circuit diagrams within minutes. Customizable Professional Templates With EdrawMax, you do not have to start from scratch each time to make a circuit diagram. You can simply make use of its extensive template library that covers all categories of electrical engineering templates. With more than 280 diagram types, you will have a wide range of professionally designed templates to choose from. You can tweak and customize your templates to your liking, add text, and change color and styles. EdrawMax also offers sample diagrams where you just have to add text, and you’re done! Let's say you need to make a process flow diagram for water treatment. All you need to do is get this template and customize it according to your need. A noteworthy feature of EdrawMax is how easily both novice and professionals can use it. EdrawMax has an interface similar to that of Microsoft suite. Users find it incredibly easy to navigate because they are already familiar with the layout. For beginners, the built-in [Help] tab provides a detailed user manual that explains everything step by step. Along with that, the [FAQ’s] are a quick way to answer all your burning questions. If you are new to this software, you can also watch a quick video on making an electrical plan to get started. Without a doubt, EdrawMax is one of the most professional tools to aid your diagramming needs. You can use a template for a quick drawing or create your electrical plan using the available industry-standard symbols. It will help you create everything from a power transformer to the power lines and logic circuit. All-in-One Diagram Software - Superior file compatibility: Import and export drawings to various file formats, such as Visio - Cross-platform supported (Windows, Mac, Linux, Web) Understanding of switches and push buttons is a vital element for constructing electrical plans and diagrams. If you are new to electrical diagrams, we can give you some tips, especially while constructing a wiring plan. - While making a wiring diagram, just make sure you always draw enough outlets in every room, especially offices or bedrooms. - Position switches according to the furniture so that they are easily accessible. - Do not keep any live wires close by. - Make sure you plan everything, so there is no leakage or cross-connection. - Keep some outlets by the door for outdoor lighting. Other than that, the professional templates in EdrawMax will help you construct high-quality wiring plans in no time!

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- June 25th - July 9th - July 15th More dates coming soon! This 6-hour immersive course offers you an opportunity to learn the fundamentals of beekeeping. Whether you are new to beekeeping, or just need to be refreshed on the fundamentals, this course will give you a solid understanding of beginner beekeeping. Taught by experienced and skilled beekeepers passionate about bees and sustainable practices, you will leave with a beginner understanding of the knowledge and methods to properly care for these wonderful creatures. We are out to set you up for success. This course will give you enough information and resources to put you on a trajectory for success through hands on field experience. Topics to be covered include: - Regulations around bees (B.C. and municipal) - Basic bee types and facts (plus understanding how things can go wrong with “Save the Bees”) - Types of homes that bees desire versus the types of equipment humans add to hives - Additional Equipment - Obtaining bees – packages, NUCS, swarms, splits - Spring Preparation - Hive Inspection, record keeping and understanding colony health - Swarm Management - Summer management - Honey Extraction - Fall/Winter management - Pests and diseases (conventional management, sustainable management, “Better Bees”) - Further resources / suggested reading Cost: $175 (course materials and protective wear will be provided) At the end of the course, you will get to take home a jar of honey! Contact us at Info@EnsureHiveFuture.org for more details.

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Yadnapunda Creek, Matthewson Spring 2012 Aquatic Ecosystem Condition Report - Dry in autumn and spring 2012 - Likely to be enriched with nutrients when wet because the catchment is grazed by stock - Some bank erosion caused by stock and native animals accessing the creekbed - Riparian vegetation consisted of native trees and shrubs About the location Yadnapunda Creek is a medium-sized intermittent stream that rises east from Wilpena Pound in the Southern Flinders Ranges and flows in an easterly direction before eventually discharging into Wilpena Creek to the south of Martins Well. Wilpena Creek flows into the Siccus River and then drains onto the plains on the southern edge of Lake Frome; flow only extends through the creek system and onto the plains during exceptionally wet years. The dominant land use in the 10,398 hectare catchment, upstream from the site sampled, is grazing natural vegetation. The monitoring site was located off an unsealed road to Hawker, about 35 km east from Wilpena. The creek was given a Good rating because the site sampled showed evidence of relatively minor changes in ecosystem structure and function. There was evidence of human disturbance including stock accessing the banks and causing some erosion but the stream provides physical habitat complexity and supports a range of native aquatic and riparian plants. The 2 m wide spring occurs within a broad 200 m wide channel, and both habitats were dry in autumn and spring 2012. No macroinvertebrate or water quality data was consequently available for this site. The sediments were dominated by detritus, clay and sand, with smaller amounts of gravel and silt also present. Samples taken from below the surface were sands and showed no signs that the sediments were recently anaerobic, or lacking in oxygen. About 10 m of bank showed evidence of erosion caused by cattle and possibly kangaroos accessing the creekbed. Several types of aquatic plants (Cyperus gymnocaulos, Juncus and Typha) were recorded from the dry channel but there was no evidence of any algal remnants among the damp sediments at the site. The riparian vegetation was dominated by acacias and paperbarks over wattles, chenopods and grasses on the moderately well vegetated banks (50-79% vegetative cover). The surrounding vegetation at the site comprised low native shrubland dominated by wattles, bluebush and samphire. Special environmental features Yadnapunda Creek is a largely natural, ephemeral stream from the low rainfall part of the Flinders Ranges, east from Wilpena Pound. Stock grazing is the dominant land use but limited road access to the catchment prevents many of the other types of disturbances that are normally associated with human settlement. No significant environmental values were recorded from the dry site in 2012. However, a range of insects and mites were recorded from the same location in 1998, so the creek can support a generalist and tolerant aquatic fauna when it holds water. Pressures and management responses |Livestock have direct access at the site and upstream exerting excessive grazing pressure on vegetation, causing sediment erosion and adding excessive nutrients (which leads to habitat disturbance, algal growth and aquatic weeds |The SA Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board recognizes that both direct and diffuse impacts on aquatic ecosystem condition can occur through direct stock access and excessive grazing pressure from stock and feral herbivores. Technical advice and incentives are offered to land managers in the region, as funding permits, to address these impacts through appropriate activities suitable for the context. In addition, projects are underway across the region to identify, prioritise and address impacts at key aquatic sites.

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The Science Behind the Strongest Adhesive Glue for Metal to Plastic The Science Behind the Strongest Adhesive Glue for Metal to Plastic From automotive manufacturing to home repairs and DIY projects, the need for a robust adhesive that can create a durable bond between metal and plastic is paramount. However, finding an adhesive that can effectively bind these two materials is not as straightforward as it may seem. The inherent differences in their properties – such as thermal expansion rates, surface energy, and texture – pose significant challenges in creating a lasting bond. The science behind these super adhesives is a fascinating blend of chemistry and material science. It involves understanding the molecular structure of both materials, the interaction between their surfaces at a microscopic level, and the chemical composition of the adhesive itself. This intricate dance of molecules and reactions results in an adhesive bond that can withstand significant stress, temperature variations, and time. In this blog post, we will explore this captivating subject in detail. We will look at how different types of adhesives work at a molecular level, what factors influence their effectiveness, and how advancements in adhesive technology are continually pushing the boundaries of what’s possible. How Strong Adhesive Glue Works Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces play a significant role in the adhesion process. When an adhesive glue is applied to the metal and plastic surfaces, it forms a bond by creating chemical bonds with the molecules on the surfaces. These chemical bonds are formed through various mechanisms, such as covalent bonding, ionic bonding, or hydrogen bonding. The adhesive glue acts as a mediator between the metal and plastic surfaces, creating a strong bond by increasing the surface area of contact between the two materials. This increased surface area allows for a greater number of intermolecular forces to come into play, resulting in a stronger bond. The adhesive glue also fills in any gaps or irregularities on the surfaces, further enhancing the bond strength. Chemical Composition of Adhesive Glue There are various types of adhesive glue available in the market, each with its own unique chemical composition. Some common types of adhesive glue include epoxy, cyanoacrylate, polyurethane, and acrylic. These adhesives are composed of different chemical components that contribute to their adhesive properties. Epoxy adhesives, for example, are composed of epoxy resins and hardeners. The epoxy resins provide excellent adhesion to a wide range of materials, including metals and plastics. Cyanoacrylate adhesives, on the other hand, are composed of cyanoacrylate monomers that polymerize upon contact with moisture, creating a strong bond. Polyurethane adhesives contain polyurethane polymers, which provide excellent flexibility and resistance to temperature and moisture. Acrylic adhesives are composed of acrylic polymers, which offer high strength and durability. Role of Surface Preparation in Adhesion Surface preparation is a critical step in the adhesion process, as it ensures that the metal and plastic surfaces are clean and properly prepared for bonding. Proper surface preparation is essential for achieving a strong and durable bond between the two materials. Before applying the adhesive glue, the surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned to remove any dirt, grease, or contaminants that could interfere with the bonding process. This can be done using solvents, such as isopropyl alcohol or acetone, or by mechanical methods, such as sanding or grinding. In addition to cleaning, the surfaces may also need to be roughened or etched to improve adhesion. This can be done using techniques such as sandblasting or chemical etching. Roughening the surfaces increases the surface area available for bonding and enhances the mechanical interlocking between the adhesive glue and the surfaces. Factors Affecting Adhesion Strength Several factors can affect the strength of the adhesive bond between metal and plastic surfaces. These factors include temperature and humidity, the type of materials being bonded, and the application method. Temperature and humidity can have a significant impact on the adhesion process. Extreme temperatures can cause the adhesive glue to become brittle or lose its strength, while high humidity can interfere with the curing process. It is important to consider the temperature and humidity conditions during both the application and curing of the adhesive glue. The type of materials being bonded also plays a crucial role in adhesion strength. Different metals and plastics have different surface properties, such as roughness, polarity, and chemical composition, which can affect the bonding process. It is important to select an adhesive glue that is compatible with both the metal and plastic surfaces to ensure a strong bond. The application method used to apply the adhesive glue can also affect the adhesion strength. Factors such as the amount of adhesive applied, the method of application (e.g., brush, spray, or roller), and the curing time can all impact the bond strength. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and guidelines for proper application to achieve the desired bond strength. Testing Methods for Adhesive Strength There are several testing methods available to evaluate the strength of the adhesive bond between metal and plastic surfaces. These testing methods can provide valuable information about the bond strength and help determine the suitability of the adhesive glue for a specific application. Some common testing methods include lap shear testing, peel testing, and tensile testing. Lap shear testing involves bonding two samples together and subjecting them to a shearing force to measure the strength of the bond. Peel testing measures the force required to peel apart two bonded samples. Tensile testing involves pulling apart two bonded samples to measure the force required to break the bond. The results obtained from these testing methods can be interpreted to determine the bond strength and adhesive performance. Factors such as the maximum load, failure mode, and elongation at break can provide valuable insights into the adhesive’s performance under different conditions. Comparison of Different Adhesive Glues There are various types of adhesive glues available in the market, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Epoxy adhesives are known for their high strength and durability, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. Cyanoacrylate adhesives offer fast curing times and excellent bonding strength, but they may not be suitable for certain plastics. Polyurethane adhesives provide excellent flexibility and resistance to temperature and moisture, making them ideal for outdoor applications. Acrylic adhesives offer high strength and durability, but they may require longer curing times. When comparing different adhesive glues, factors such as strength, durability, flexibility, temperature resistance, and compatibility with different materials should be considered. It is important to select an adhesive glue that meets the specific requirements of the application to ensure a strong and reliable bond. Choosing the right adhesive glue for metal to plastic bonding requires careful consideration of various factors, including the type of materials being bonded, the application method, and the desired bond strength. It is important to select an adhesive glue that is compatible with both the metal and plastic surfaces and offers the required strength and durability. For more about choosing the Strongest Adhesive Glue for Metal to Plastic, you can pay a visit to DeepMaterial at https://www.epoxyadhesiveglue.com/category/epoxy-adhesives-glue/ for more info.

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A vented facade is a type of developing envelope that could be built without the need for any water. It can be equally in the home in company-spanking-new development or amid a significant upgrade. The separation involving the building’s exterior walls as well as its outside cladding is provided by this aspect. Main function of Ventilated Wallis to manipulate the air flow and sunlight involving the outside and inside of the structure. Using usage of a ventilated facade’s positive aspects: Here are just some of the numerous advantages which a Ventilated Wallprovides: •Retaining unfavorable weather from the inside enclosure. •The building’s constant outdoors heat retaining material and vented holding chamber provide for great power productivity. •Humidity is reduced when interior humidity-packed oxygen is able to get away from more easily. •The enclosing object’s thermal inertia. With vented facades, the insulating is still put in on the outside top of the foundational housing, as opposed to Ventilated Wall getting removed before design begins. •The “chimney outcome” provides air conditioning air flow in the heat. •The insulator along with the atmosphere chamber provide acoustic heat retaining material. What is the purpose of a ventilated facade? Convective airflow into the holding chamber is motivated from a vented facade produced by a space involving the outside walls as well as the exterior cladding. The heat differential from the holding chamber as well as its setting establishes the device’s heating productivity. Within the heating of summer season, the facade is equipped with vents: During the more comfortable summer months, the environment in the hollow rises due to the “chimney outcome,” inducing the inside part of the wall to get chillier. As a result, it maintains a cooler internal temperatures. In the wintertime, a suitably ventilated facade is important: Condensation is less of a concern throughout the colder several weeks because the vented facade comes with an entry that allows warm air to circulate within the wall structure. Which kind of walls retains up the airy facade? As it is a dry-installed covering, the wall structure that may contain the ventilated facade’s development will have an insulation layer and accommodate the facade’s weight as well as the anchors in which it will probably be fastened.

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https://www.everythingisfire.com/here-are-reasons-for-the-success-of-ventilated-facades/

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Drink giant Pepsi is getting into the 3D printing business. The company announced today a large and comprehensive “green” initiative. The initiative includes a number of projects, including changing the power source at all of their bottling plants to green energy. But deep down in the details there was something of interest to the 3D printing community: Pepsi intends on producing 3D printer filament of its own. Let’s back up a bit to understand what’s actually going on here. For many years the majority of the company’s drinks have been delivered in two forms: aluminum cans and plastic bottles. The aluminum is an easily recycled metal that is reasonably expensive, and that has led to widespread recycling programs. This has saved countless tons of CO2 through the re-use of the aluminum. But Pepsi’s internal research indicated the same was not happening for their plastic bottles. They felt that a recycling program could solve the problem. That’s good news, because our environment is increasingly polluted with plastics of all kinds. Even large items like bottles eventually break down into fine plastic bits that find their way everywhere: into our soil, rivers and oceans, and eventually even into our own bodies. At some point in the future this is will become a major issue to be dealt with. Meanwhile, Pepsi’s forward thinking leadership is going to take one of those steps immediately with the production of 3D printer filament. Recycled plastic being made into 3D printer filament is not a new concept, but it has never really taken off. The biggest issue is that a typical pile of plastic scraps contains a wide diversity of plastic materials. You can’t just melt it all down and re-use it: the plastics will have different melting points, let alone other engineering characteristics. Some recycled 3D printer filament programs have solved that problem by accepting only specific materials for recycling, thus ensuring only one type of material is collected. Drink bottles from a specific manufacturer, for example, would all be made from the same material. That is the case with Pepsi’s plastic bottles. They are all made from a specific blend of PET. Pepsi’s new concept is to launch a worldwide recycling program in which drinkers can freely return their empty PET Pepsi bottles. These would be collected and then prepared for recycling: cleaning, crushing, chopping and eventually melting and extruding into highly usable 3D printer filament. Pepsi intends on marketing the new 3D printer filament under their new “Pepsiment” filament brand, similar to how Prusa Research named their materials “Prusament”. Given Pepsi’s massive production of bottles — said to be over 600,000 bottles PER DAY in the United States, they should be able to produce a great deal of filament very easily and at low cost. Each Pepsi bottle contains approximately 28g of PET, so a 1kg spool of Pepsiment would be achievable with the collection of only 36 bottles. It’s possible the company could produce as many as 17,000 spools of PET every day, all year long. With that volume it’s very likely Pepsi will be able to offer Pepsiment at rock-bottom prices. So far they have not revealed the Pepsiment price structure, but we’ll be watching closely. Pepsiment: the choice for a new generation!

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https://www.fabbaloo.com/news/pepsi-to-produce-3d-printer-filament

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PharmaJet has struck an agreement covering the use of its Tropis needle-free injection system in Nigeria, positioning vaccinators to deploy the technology in a project intended to tackle a poliovirus outbreak. Vaccination campaigns have dramatically reduced wild polio cases in recent decades, but, in areas with low levels of population immunity, the weakened live virus used in the oral polio vaccine can cause its own problems. After reverting to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), the live virus can cause paralysis. Last year, Nigeria reported 415 cases of type 2 cVDPV. In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has given emergency use authorization to a next-generation oral polio vaccine that is more genetically stable and less likely to be associated with the emergence of cVDPV2 in low immunity settings. A region of Nigeria is running a door-to-door immunization campaign to give the new oral vaccine with a low dose of an intradermal polio vaccine. PharmaJet is providing its Tropis technology to deliver the intradermal vaccine. The WHO recommends two doses of an intradermal vaccine to minimize VDPV. Tropis is a spring-powered device designed to quickly deliver a 0.1-ml dose as a narrow fluid stream so that it penetrates the skin to a precise depth. The vaccinator closes the handles of the device, fills the syringe from a vial, inserts the syringe and vial assembly into the device and delivers the injection. The Nigerian pilot project is looking to achieve coverage greater than 90% and “a decrease in zero-dose children under routine immunization,” according to PharmaJet. If the regional pilot achieves its goals, the approach could be replicated in other parts of the country.

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https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/pharmajet-inks-deal-use-needle-free-delivery-tech-polio-vaccination-campaign

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Anyone who has ever lived with poor gut health knows how disruptive it can be. Every aspect of your life feels as though it is impacted when your gut health is out of balance. This is why so much attention is turning toward probiotics in recent years. The truth is that probiotics can be instrumental in making your “gut” healthy and happy, so you can get back to the business of living your life. Before you get too excited, though, there is much to learn about the potential health benefits of probiotics and how best to get them into the body to work their magic in your gut and beyond. Let’s explore the world of probiotics and what they can mean for you. Probiotics 101: The Basics about Probiotics While often used as a “catch-all” phrase, the truth is that probiotics are essentially healthy varieties of microbes that include bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, and protozoa. Like the unhealthy versions of these things, you will find that there are many different strains. These individual strains offer different potential benefits to your body. While they are most commonly associated with gut health, there are many different areas of the human body that can be aided with the introduction of the right probiotics. While it may sound counterintuitive to add live bacteria into the body as a means of fighting bacteria, the theory is sound according to Harvard Medical School who reports that nearly 100 trillion microorganisms inhabit the average healthy bowel. These “good” bacteria help to prevent the bad bacteria from taking over your bowels and your life in a very negative way. The fact is, many physicians are now recommending probiotic supplements as treatments for conditions that typically defy traditional medicines, such as irritable bowel syndrome, urinary infections, and others. Potential Probiotic Health Benefits There are certain areas of the body where the most beneficial probiotics live and do their best work. Among the areas commonly helped by probiotics are the following: - Urinary tract There are many conditions associated with these areas of the body where probiotics can be immensely beneficial including the treatment of conditions such as Crohn’s disease, urinary tract infections, bladder cancer recurrences, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), vaginal infections, dental disease, eczema, and others. There is some evidence that probiotics can help treat diabetes, reduce blood pressure, protect against food allergies, and even boost immunity. In other words, there are many conditions that probiotics offer a great deal of promise for treating. Unfortunately, it isn’t all straightforward when dealing with probiotics and the many potential health benefits they offer. There are many other things, for instance, that may affect how these things work within the body. Other medications, for one, can be detrimental to the positive impact of probiotics by killing the live, healthy bacteria that is introduced into the body before it can have the positive effects you’re looking for. The same can be said of antiviral medications that can kill “good” viruses or, at the very least, diminish their effectiveness. Birth control is another example of a medication that can limit the effectiveness of probiotics designed to bring balance to the microflora of a vagina, rendering them ineffective at best. Getting the Best Bang for Your Buck with Probiotic Supplements For many things, a natural diet is the best way to consume certain nutrients and macronutrients. That isn’t the case with probiotics which is why there are so many foods with probiotics added to them and so many probiotic supplements available on the market today. Unfortunately, not all supplements are created equally. Unlike medications that go through rigorous testing and quality controls before being approved, supplements do not have the same requirements. For this reason, it is important to choose supplements wisely. Work only with reputable suppliers who have a solid reputation for delivering quality products. Additionally, educate yourself about the various probiotic strains to make sure you’re getting supplements that are better suited for your specific condition and recognized as potential solutions to your problem before taking them. Before you begin a probiotic regimen, it is a good idea to work with a medical practitioner who is familiar with your condition, your challenges, the medications you currently take, and the potential benefits probiotics have to offer someone with your condition. Someone who understands your health, the efforts you’ve taken to improve your health, and your health goals for the future is better suited to assist you in choosing the right probiotics to meet your needs and to warn you of potential interactions and side effects you may experience. Whether you’re ready to take the plunge or not, there is no harm to come from researching the potential benefits probiotics bring to the table so that when the time comes to make your decision, you are better prepared to make an informed one.

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https://www.findhealthtips.com/probiotics-health-benefits/

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Environment and Biodiversity Abrolhos archipelago, Bahia State, Brazil €240,000 over three years. to the Board of Administration at 2010/06/09 The Abrolhos archipelago, spread over a million hectares, contains six Protected Marine Areas (PMA), including a National Marine Park - where no fishing activity is permitted - and three extractive reserves - where traditional fishing is allowed, under a resource management plan implemented by all the stakeholders: government representatives, local fishermen, scientists, tourism industry and non-governmental organizations (NGO). The benefits of ten years of responsible management Conservation International, which is active on four continents, is one of the foremost NGOs dedicated to environmental conservation: its mission is to conserve the global biodiversity, while promoting the development of human societies in harmony with nature. As a consequence, its approach in the field incorporates the local issues of food security, health and drinking water supply. Conservation International has been working for the last ten years in the Abrolhos archipelago with the aim of setting up effective governance. Artisanal fishing can sustainably supply local needs if regulated: when the reserves were created, the local communities were enlisted and are now co-managers. Halieutic resources accordingly doubled in the extractive reserves and tripled where fishing is banned. Social cohesion has been remarkably strengthened in the region, especially since the communities enjoy additional benefits, such as access to electricity, new housing, and new sources of income (tourism and fisheries). And the Abrolhos Protected Marine Areas network has become a model of sustainable management for all of Brazil. New projects around a coral reef In 10 years, the scientific investigations conducted by CI in the Abrolhos have supplied a very rich database. The experts have discovered 18 species of fish and identified a system of coral reefs - all hitherto unknown. The coral reefs are threatened by pollution from the continent and by global warming, so that CI wants to incorporate them in the Abrolhos PMA network. This discovery provides an opportunity for new projects, and Conservation International has approached the Veolia Environment Foundation to complete them. The partnership operates around a number of guidelines: first, to extend the Abrolhos Protected Marine Area network and reinforce their long-term co-management, with a focus on fostering exchanges of experience and mutual feedback between the reserves. Guideline two: identify new markets for the products of the extractive reserves (chiefly fish and crab) and promote new activities such as ecological tourism. CI is backing the local populations to help them reach these outlets while preserving the sustainable management of the resources. Guideline three: monitoring and a scientific assessment of the effectiveness of the PMA and the impact of global warming on the coral reefs. The publication of these data intensifies the commitment of the stakeholders and arouses that of new partners. And finally, to broadcast the environmental and socioeconomic importance of this exceptional coral reef zone, Conservation International and the Veolia Environment Foundation are planning to conduct awareness raising and international communication projects. These will present the ecological, scientific and human achievements of the projects carried out in the Abrolhos region, and will also discuss new prospects.

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 73 percent of U.S. agricultural exports and 65 percent of imports were waterborne in 2014, which illustrates the integral role that ports play in the global food supply chain. While ports in the New Orleans region dominate in the handling of bulk agricultural exports, the top five ports for containerized exports include Los Angeles, Long Beach, Oakland, Tacoma and Savannah. The top five ports for containerized agricultural imports are New York, Los Angles, Oakland, Long Beach and Houston. The relationship between the agricultural sector and ports is highly interdependent—agriculture relies heavily on ports to help in the safe and efficient handling and transportation of commodities through key gateways. In turn, rising volumes of agricultural shipments, including temperature-controlled shipments, are driving business for ocean carriers and ports. The agriculture sector is also a significant economic engine for states like California and Washington. Figures from the Washington Policy Center, an independent research organization in Washington State, show that agriculture adds $51 billion annually to the state’s GDP and makes up 13 percent of the state’s economy. Chris Cargill, Eastern Washington Director at the Center, notes that while Washington “is known for advanced technology and airplane production, the number of people working in both the growing and food processing industries surpasses 160,000—more than Microsoft and Boeing employment combined.” He adds that, “Without the ability to export, Washington’s agricultural production would be severely limited. In 2014, the state exported more than $16 billion worth of food and agricultural products to people around the world, half of which were grown or raised in Washington. This included fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, wheat, seafood and dairy.” Japan ranks as the leading market for the state’s agricultural exports, followed by Canada, China/Hong Kong, Philippines and South Korea. Nonetheless, “The ability to move products at all came to a halt entirely in 2014 and 2015 because of the West Coast port shutdown, resulting in millions of dollars in lost revenue for state growers,” states Cargill. “Fresh fruit and vegetables rotted at the 29 ports along the West Coast during the strike. Washington state apple growers alone estimated they lost nearly $100 million. Other Washington farmers and growers were hurt as well, as their products became worthless while awaiting shipment.” An analysis prepared for the Washington Council on International Trade estimates that in-state businesses lost approximately $769.5 million during the shutdown, and that doesn’t include the global market share lost by growers, which may take years to recover, Cargill points out. The U.S. Department of Agriculture commented on the effects of temporary closures in its report, “A Reliable Waterway System is Important to Agriculture,” echoing Cargill’s concern that agricultural shippers may find it difficult to win back customers following the West Coast port slowdown. “U.S. exporters compete on the basis of world prices,” stated the USDA. “Temporary closures and restrictions on traffic in harbors and channels due to flooding, drought, sedimentation, groundings, natural disasters, man-made disasters, slowdowns, strikes, and lockouts can lead to congestion, delays, spoilage, diversion to other modes and ports, higher transportation costs, and lost sales.” Furthermore, “Higher transportation costs can result in lower cash bids in interior markets. U.S. exporters may be unable to pass on higher transportation costs, as customers can purchase similar products from other countries.” During this year’s 16th Annual TPM Conference in Long Beach, Calif., Perry Bourne, director of international transportation and rail operations for Tyson Foods, recounted the impact of the West Coast port slowdown on his company’s chilled meat shipments. “We’ve had disruptions at the ports before,” he acknowledged, “but not like this.” Tyson took a hit of over $80 million to its bottom line in the third quarter of 2015 because of the port problems and the resulting demurrage charges that Tyson accrued with its rail carriers. “The sad part is it really increased costs for the shippers and we had no dog in the fight; we were dealing with impacts that affected our business and yet we had no control over them,” Bourne said. ILWU, PMA to Discuss Contract Extension The current contract between the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), which represents about 20,000 workers at 29 ports along the U.S. West Coast, and Pacific Maritime Association (PMA), the industry representative for 78 shippers, marine terminal operators and stevedores, expires on July 1, 2019. In August, the ILWU agreed to the PMA’s request to discuss an early extension of the contract. Jim McKenna, president of the PMA, has indicated that a “logical” extension of the contract would be for three to five years. He also appears committed to avoiding a repeat of the 2014-15 West Coast port slowdown. “Negotiations are more visible now. There is pressure on both sides, and pressure does a lot to get things done,” McKenna told attendees of the Agriculture Transportation Coalition annual conference in June. Not surprisingly, agricultural shippers are hopeful the two sides can reach agreement on a contract extension. A farm journal quoted Mike Steenhoek, executive director of the Soy Transportation Coalition, who said, “Such a contract extension will provide greater predictability of the supply chain for those industries, including agriculture, that depend upon West Coast ports.” In an August 15, 2016, post on the Midwest Shippers Association website, Steenhoek explained that while containerized soybean and grain exports were affected by the West Coast port slowdown, U.S. meat exporters that ship via reefer containers were hardest hit because the perishable nature of the meat cannot easily withstand supply chain delays. Highlighting the domino effect that this had in the agriculture sector, Steenhoek noted that, “The domestic livestock industry is our most important customer. Any harm absorbed by the livestock industry will be felt by those soybean and grain farmers producing the food the animals consume. The West Coast port disruption was such an example.” The U.S. Federal Maritime Commission stated in its latest update, “U.S. Inland Containerized Cargo Moving Through Canadian and Mexican Seaports 2015: Diversion, Port Expansion, and Shifting Market Shares,” that port congestion is a leading cause for cargo diversions. Admittedly, there are numerous factors contributing to port congestion, including vessel alliances and the resulting impact on terminals, as well problems with chassis availability. However, deteriorating labor relations like those that materialized at West Coast ports during 2014-15 contributed in cargo diversions to competing ports in Canada and Mexico, the FMC stated. USDA’s Fast Facts: - U.S. agriculture is expected to contribute $16 billion to the U.S. balance of trade in fiscal 2016 - Exports are forecast to reach $138.5 billion, while imports are forecast to reach $122.5 billion - Forestry and fishery products, and critical farm inputs such as fertilizer, feed, and fuel also move on the U.S. waterway system - Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack noted that every $1 billion in farm exports supports roughly 8,400 jobs - The U.S. exports approximately one-quarter of the grain it produces. On average, this includes nearly 45 percent of the wheat, 35 percent of the soybeans, and 20 percent of the corn

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https://www.foodlogistics.com/transportation/ocean-ports-carriers/article/12250436/west-coast-port-slowdown-still-stings-ocean-carriersports-sector-report-september-2016

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There are four kinds of personality whose history can be traced back 2,400 years to Hippocrates. All of the personalities have their strengths and their weaknesses. Where do you fall? You should understand that every person in the world has a mixture of these four personalities. And while this is true, there is a dominant personality and a less dominant one. What are your dominant and no so dominant personalities? To answer that question, it’s important you learn about the four types. These personalities are: A person with this kind of personality tends to suffer with low self image and esteem, as they tend to set some high standards for themselves and for other folks. This personality type needs to be shown details such as a point by point explanation before they believe things. It’s always a good idea to have supplemental materials to support your thoughts and ideas. A person with this kind of personality is generally influential, lively, independent, strong-minded and opinionated. If you want to convince a choleric, you need to gain their respect first. If you fail with them, it means they see you as an uncertain person. People of this personality like winners. People of this personality type tend to be easy going; someone who doesn’t let him/herself to become distracted easily. This personality type is easy to get along with and is always excited about life. If you’re to convince them of something, you just need to show them the matters that are in their best interest. This personality type is generally outgoing and considered a super-extrovert. Sanguine people tend to be in jobs that match their personality such as acting or salesman. If you want them to go with you to an event, you must let them know upfront how much fun they’ll have or that they’ll be noticed.

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https://www.getwide.com/effective-communication-strategies/

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Google is an advocate of "urban mining," the process of extracting critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt and copper from aging mobile phones, laptops and other devices, and reintroducing them into materials supply chains. But that won’t be enough to uncover all the minerals and metals to make new Google hardware that is sustainably sourced or to meet the needs of the clean energy systems behind the company’s net-zero goals, according to Mike Werner, head of circular economy for Google. "We’ve done some modeling, and it’s pretty clear that we are not going to reach net zero without significant mining," Werner told an audience last week at the Circularity 23 conference. "I don’t know that the broad sustainability community has really understood that." While Google already "mines" materials from old electronics and appliances, Werner acknowledged it will need to support new extraction activities to keep up with product demand and achieve its net-zero goals. That presents a dilemma for sustainability professionals, because the mining industry is often criticized for questionable environmental and human rights practices. Werner also said it will take moving "trillions and trillions of tons" of dirt to recover enough critical minerals, including rare earth elements such as dysprosium and magnesium, to build technologies crucial for the clean energy transition, including solar panels, wind turbines and batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage. That demand, based on a 2021 analysis by the International Energy Agency, is roughly six to nine times what would be needed to build comparable fossil fuels infrastructure, he said. Urban mining will become a vital part of materials supply chains, Werner said. After all, it’s the fastest-growing waste stream on the planet (yes, faster than plastic) with more than 50 million tons produced annually. Put another way, that’s like throwing out 1,000 laptop computers per second. Google’s own programs are a work in progress, but it supports the collection of unwanted electronics in many U.S. households — including televisions. It advocates putting some materials extracted from those gadgets back into its new hardware — as of April, about 30 percent of all the materials used to produce its phones, thermostats, tablet computers, televisions and other devices came from recycled sources. (That includes nonmetals such as glass and plastic.) Get ready for a new sort of footprinting exercise But Google isn’t relying solely on that activity. To get a sense of how the looming minerals shortage might affect Google long term, the company is documenting and calculating how many critical minerals the company’s product revenue goals and net-zero commitments require. This benchmarking exercise co-exists with other footprinting activities, such as measuring greenhouse gas emissions or water consumption. That means studying not just the direct material implications for the hardware devices that Google sells to consumers and the computer servers and networking gear in its data center, but also assessing the potential impact it has on meeting the company’s commitment to using 100 percent carbon-free energy by 2030. "I would really urge anyone that has a net-zero commitment to do the same," Werner said. He suggested engaging corporate procurement teams and CFOs to understand how shortages will affect pricing. Among the questions companies should consider: - Which e-waste streams could potentially supply the materials your company relies on the most? - Are the regions where these materials are being sourced subject to geopolitical conflict? - What are the human rights implications, as well as the impact on Indigenous communities? - What are the land use, conservation and restoration practices of the mining organizations providing virgin supplies? - How are your company’s sourcing processes affecting freshwater ecosystems? The answers to these questions will help inform long-term sourcing strategies, said Werner, reiterating that while urban mining will "play an important role into the market, it is insufficient to meet the demands of net zero." That means sustainability professionals must become more comfortable about partnering with mining companies, advocating for policies that accelerate permitting for operations that are prioritizing ethical and sustainable ways for mining. Among the resources that could help steer those strategies are the International Council on Mining and Metals, representing companies including Alcoa, Anglo American and Rio Tinto that have agreed to a set of 39 practices meant to minimize the impact of mining on society; and the Responsible Minerals Initiative, which represents 400 companies that have agreed to support responsible mineral production and sourcing. "We need to find better ways of taking these minerals out of the ground and putting them into the economy," Werner said. Consider just one of those metals: copper, which is vitally important for wiring, cables and other electrical infrastructure. It takes an average of 17 years to develop a new copper mine, Werner said, suggesting that humanity is already far behind in making the investments required to ramp up virgin production. Consider that over the past 4,000 years, about 700 million metric tons of copper have been mined. Almost double that amount, or 1.2 billion metric tons, will be needed to meet the demands of the clean energy transition, Werner said. "I don’t really think that our community within circularity and sustainability really understands the gravity of the situation, and it’s going to mean that driving clean energy and driving aspects of mining infrastructure is really, really important," he said. Editor's note: This article was updated June 15 to clarify the "trillions and trillions" of tons reference, as well as to correct a typo in the discussion of of copper mining.

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Pickles are crisp and tangy delights. They have decorated plates and added flavor to countless dishes across the culinary spectrum. However, a common question arises within the world of dietary choices: Are pickles vegetarian food? It's a query that may seem simple at first glance but unravels into a brief exploration of ingredients and processes. What Are Pickles? Pickles are a culinary marvel that has been cherished for centuries, adding a burst of flavor and zest to meals across the globe. At their essence, pickles are vegetables, primarily cucumbers, that have undergone a transformative preservation process. This preservation typically involves immersing the vegetables in a brine or vinegar solution, often infused with spices and seasonings. As the vegetables soak in this flavorful concoction, they undergo a magical metamorphosis, emerging as crisp, tangy, and savory delights that tantalize the taste buds. Pickles come in various forms, from classic dill Pickles to sweet and spicy varieties, reflecting the diverse culinary traditions that have embraced their unique and delightful taste. Is a Pickle a Fruit Or Vegetable? The age-old debate surrounding whether a pickle is a fruit or vegetable often sparks curiosity and confusion. To settle this culinary problem, it's essential first to understand the pickle's origin. Pickle are, in fact, vegetables, most commonly cucumbers, that have undergone a preservation process. Whether soaked in a brine solution or vinegar, pickles retain their vegetable identity while absorbing the distinct flavors of the preserving liquid. While cucumbers may technically be classified as fruits due to their seed-bearing structure, once they transform into pickles through pickling, they unmistakably fall into the vegetable category, making them a savory and tangy addition to culinary creations. Vegetarianism and Pickles Vegetarianism and pickles share a harmonious relationship, with pickles being a welcome addition to the dietary repertoire of many vegetarians. These tangy, salty treats are inherently vegetarian, consisting of vegetables preserved in vinegar or brine infused with delightful spices. The simplicity of their ingredients and the absence of animal-derived components make pickles a go-to snack or condiment for vegetarians seeking flavorful options that align with their dietary choices. Whether enjoyed atop a burger, as a side dish, or straight from the jar, pickles offer taste and nutrition, enhancing the vegetarian culinary experience. Are pickles Vegetarian food? Pickles, those crisp and tangy delights, have adorned plates and added flavor to countless dishes across the culinary spectrum. However, a common question arises within the world of dietary choices: Are pickles vegetarian food? It's a query that may seem simple at first glance but unravels into a nuanced exploration of ingredients and processes. This article delves into pickles, dissects their components, and demystifies whether they align with vegetarian dietary preferences. So, let's peel back the layers of hot pickle to uncover the answer to this intriguing culinary question. Vegetarian-friendly pickles are a flavorful and versatile addition to vegetarian diets, offering a tangy and savory punch that complements various dishes. These pickles, crafted from vegetables preserved in a brine or vinegar solution, align perfectly with vegetarian dietary choices as they contain no animal-derived ingredients in their core composition. However, it's essential to exercise caution with specialty or flavored pickle varieties, as certain additives or flavorings may incorporate non-vegetarian elements. Nonetheless, classic pickles like dill or bread and butter pickles are typically safe bets for vegetarians, making them a delightful and crunchy condiment or snack to relish. DIY Pickling: Ensuring Vegetarian and Vegan Choices Creating your pickled delights is a rewarding culinary adventure that allows you to ensure your pickles align with vegetarian and vegan dietary choices. When you embark on the journey of DIY pickling, you have full control over the ingredients that go into your brine, guaranteeing that no animal-derived components find their way into your jars. This level of customization empowers you to craft pickles that are not only delicious but also fully compliant with your dietary preferences, whether you're a dedicated vegetarian, a strict vegan, or simply someone who relishes the art of homemade pickling. Cultural and Regional Variations of Pickles Cultural and regional variations of pickles are a testament to the diverse and dynamic nature of culinary traditions worldwide. From Korea's fiery and intense kimchi to the sweet and sour bread-and-butter pickles of the United States, every culture has put its unique spin on pickling. These variations reflect local tastes and preferences and highlight the creative ways communities have preserved and enhanced the flavors of their favorite vegetables. Whether it's the Indian achar, Japanese tsukemono, or the European gherkin, pickles serve as flavorful ambassadors of cultural heritage, connecting people through the universal language of food. Are pickles naturally made? Pickles can be naturally crafted through a centuries-old preservation technique known as fermentation. This traditional method unfolds naturally when vegetables are submerged in a brine or vinegar solution and allowed to ferment gradually. Within this transformative process, beneficial bacteria, particularly lactobacillus, flourish and work their magic by converting the inherent sugars in the vegetables into lactic acid. This alchemy effectively preserves the vegetables and bequeaths that distinctive tangy zest to the pickles. Their self-sufficiency sets naturally fermented pickles apart; they require no additional vinegar or synthetic preservatives. Naturally fermented pickles represent an authentic and flavorful choice for pickle lovers who appreciate a more wholesome and time-honored approach to pickling. Are Pickles Healthy? Pickles can make a nutritious addition to your diet when enjoyed in moderation. These cucumbers, pickled to perfection, are low in calories and completely devoid of fat, making them a guilt-free snack option. Furthermore, pickles provide a source of dietary fiber, which is pivotal in aiding digestion and promoting a sense of satiety that lasts. Nevertheless, it's crucial to be mindful of their elevated sodium levels, as excessive salt intake has the potential to contribute to elevated blood pressure and various other health concerns. To address this concern, opting for pickle varieties with reduced sodium content or consuming them in smaller portions can help mitigate these health risks. In summary, while pickles offer certain nutritional advantages, incorporating them into a well-rounded diet is the smart approach to appreciate their positive attributes fully. Health Benefits of Pickles In their briny and tangy glory, pickles offer more than just a burst of flavor; they can also contribute to your overall well-being. This low-calorie, fat-free treats are rich in dietary fiber, making them a wholesome addition to your diet. Beyond that, the fermentation process involved in pickling introduces beneficial probiotics to your gut, aiding digestive are pickles healthy. However, it's essential to exercise moderation when enjoying pickles, given their high sodium content. Keeping them as a flavorful condiment or side dish within the context of a balanced diet ensures you savor the health benefits without overindulging in sodium. Nutritional Value of Pickles Often celebrated for their bold and tangy flavors, pickles offer more than a palate-pleasing punch. They also bring a surprising array of nutritional benefits to the table. These crunchy, preserved vegetables are low in calories, making them a guilt-free addition to meals. Pickles are also a dietary fiber source, aiding digestion and promoting a feeling of fullness. Additionally, the pickling process introduces probiotics, which can support gut health. However, it's important to be mindful of their high sodium content, and individuals watching their sodium intake should consume pickles in moderation. Despite this caveat, pickles can be a delightful and nutritious complement to a balanced diet, adding flavor and healthful elements to your culinary repertoire. Can Vegans Eat Hot and Spicy Pickles? Vegans can indeed enjoy Hot and spicy pickles with enthusiasm. Hot and spicy pickles, just like their milder counterparts, are generally vegan-friendly. Cucumbers (or other vegetables), vinegar or brine, spices, and plant-based salt are the primary ingredients in making these fiery delights. However, vegans must exercise caution when purchasing commercial hot and spicy pickles, as some specialty varieties might include additives or flavorings that could contain non-vegan elements. Nonetheless, most classic hot and spicy pickle varieties are a tasty and safe addition to a vegan diet, offering that satisfying combination of heat and crunch that appeals to many taste buds. Pickles occupy a harmonious and delectable spot in the grand tapestry of vegetarian and vegan diets. They are, by nature, vegetarian-friendly, and the majority of pickle varieties you encounter will align with vegetarian and vegan dietary principles. However, as with any food product, it's wise to read ingredient labels, especially for specialty or flavored pickles, to ensure they meet your dietary preferences. Pickles stand as a testament to the harmony between nature's bounty and the art of preservation. They proudly bear the vegetarian-friendly label, with their core ingredients of vegetables, vinegar or brine, salt, and spices remaining wholly plant-based. While occasional exceptions may arise in specialty or flavored pickle varieties, the vast majority of pickles available on the market align seamlessly with vegetarian and vegan dietary principles. So, whether you're a dedicated vegetarian, a devoted vegan, or simply a fan of bold, tangy flavors, you can confidently enjoy pickles, knowing they are a savory addition to your meat-free journey through the culinary world.

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Childhood obesity can be operationally defined as the presence of excess body fat in children, above the recommended levels for their age and height. Childhood obesity is a concerning global health issue that has gained attention in recent years. It refers to the condition of children having excessive body fat, which exceeds the recommended levels based on their age and height. This condition is a significant concern as it poses various health risks and can result in long-term consequences for the child’s physical and mental well-being. With the rise in sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary habits, the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased significantly, making it essential to have a clear operational definition to effectively address and combat this issue. By defining childhood obesity operationally, healthcare professionals and policymakers can accurately measure and monitor its occurrence, design strategies for prevention and intervention, and evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions to tackle this growing concern. Understanding The Complexity Childhood obesity is a complex issue that requires an operational definition to effectively address it. A suitable statement could be one that quantifies the body mass index (BMI) of children and identifies a specific range that indicates obesity. The Multifaceted Nature Of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a complex issue that involves various factors contributing to its prevalence. To truly understand the problem and its implications, it is essential to acknowledge the multifaceted nature of childhood obesity. Here are some key points to consider: - Genetic factors: Studies have shown that genetics play a role in determining a child’s susceptibility to obesity. Certain genetic variations can make it more likely for a child to gain weight and store excess fat. - Environmental factors: The environment in which a child lives greatly influences their risk of obesity. Factors such as easy access to unhealthy food options, sedentary lifestyles, and lack of safe outdoor spaces for physical activity all contribute to the rising rates of childhood obesity. - Socioeconomic factors: Childhood obesity disproportionately affects children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Limited access to affordable, nutritious food and opportunities for physical activity can significantly contribute to the problem. - Psychological factors: Emotional factors, such as stress, depression, and low self-esteem, can contribute to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behaviors in children, leading to obesity. - Cultural factors: Cultural norms and practices related to food choices, meal patterns, and physical activity can also influence a child’s likelihood of becoming obese. Cultural beliefs and traditions shape the overall food environment and lifestyle habits within a community. Factors Influencing Childhood Obesity Understanding the factors that influence childhood obesity is crucial in developing effective strategies to combat this epidemic. Here are some key factors to consider: - Diet: Poor nutrition, including high consumption of sugary drinks, fast food, and processed snacks, contributes to excessive calorie intake and weight gain in children. - Physical activity: Sedentary behaviors, such as excessive screen time and lack of regular exercise, negatively impact a child’s energy balance and increase the risk of obesity. - Parental influence: Parents play a fundamental role in shaping a child’s lifestyle habits. Their food choices, mealtime routines, and physical activity levels greatly influence a child’s risk of obesity. - Socioeconomic status: Lower socioeconomic status is associated with higher rates of childhood obesity due to limited resources, including access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity. - Advertising and marketing: The marketing of unhealthy foods to children through various channels, including television, the internet, and social media, can heavily influence their food preferences and consumption patterns. - School and community environments: The school and community environments can either support or hinder healthy behaviors. Access to nutritious food options, physical education programs, and safe play areas can significantly impact a child’s risk of obesity. The Need For A Comprehensive Operational Definition To effectively address childhood obesity, it is imperative to have a comprehensive operational definition that encompasses the various dimensions of the problem. Here are the key reasons why a comprehensive operational definition is necessary: - Accuracy in measurement: A clear and well-defined operational definition ensures accurate measurement of childhood obesity rates, helping to track trends, evaluate interventions, and inform public health policies. - Consistency in research: A standardized operational definition allows for consistency in research studies, enabling comparisons across different populations, regions, or time periods. - Identification of high-risk groups: A comprehensive definition helps identify high-risk groups and target interventions accordingly. This allows for a more targeted approach to prevention and treatment efforts. - Holistic understanding: A comprehensive operational definition allows for a holistic understanding of childhood obesity, taking into account various determinants and influences. This understanding is essential in developing multifaceted interventions that address the root causes of the problem. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of childhood obesity, understanding the influencing factors, and implementing a comprehensive operational definition, we can work towards reducing its prevalence and promoting healthier lifestyles for children. Medical Perspective: Defining Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity can be defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat in children. This condition is typically determined by comparing a child’s body mass index (BMI) to age and gender-specific growth charts. Bmi As An Indicator Of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a rising concern worldwide. To effectively tackle this issue, it is crucial to define childhood obesity from a medical perspective. One approach commonly used is assessing body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of obesity in children. Here’s what you need to know: - BMI is calculated by dividing a child’s weight (in kilograms) by their height (in meters squared). It provides a numerical value that corresponds to the child’s body composition. - A BMI above the 85th percentile is typically considered overweight, while a BMI above the 95th percentile indicates obesity. - Using BMI helps healthcare professionals identify children who may be at risk of developing obesity-related health problems. The Limitations Of Bmi As A Sole Measure While BMI has its merits, it is essential to recognize its limitations as a sole measure for defining childhood obesity. Here’s why BMI may not provide a comprehensive understanding: - BMI does not account for differences in body composition, such as muscle mass and bone density. For example, a child involved in sports activities may have a higher BMI due to increased muscle mass rather than excess body fat. - It fails to capture the distribution of body fat, which can play a significant role in determining obesity-related health risks. Central obesity, characterized by excess fat around the abdomen, poses a higher risk than fat accumulated in other areas. - Cultural and ethnic variations may influence the interpretation of BMI. Some populations may have different body compositions, which could lead to misidentifying obesity or overweight conditions. Health Risks Associated With Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity can have severe health consequences both in the short and long term. Understanding these risks is vital to address the issue effectively. Here are some significant health risks associated with childhood obesity: - Increased risk of developing chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. - Higher likelihood of experiencing joint problems, such as musculoskeletal discomfort and decreased mobility. - Greater susceptibility to psychological challenges, including low self-esteem, depression, and poor body image. - Elevated risk of developing respiratory issues, such as sleep apnea and asthma. - Potential impact on academic performance and social interactions, hindering overall well-being. It is important to approach childhood obesity from a comprehensive perspective, considering factors beyond BMI alone. By understanding the limitations of BMI as a sole measure, healthcare professionals can better assess the health risks associated with obesity in children and devise appropriate intervention strategies. Societal Perspective: The Social Determinants Childhood obesity can be defined as the condition of being significantly overweight during the early years of life. Childhood obesity is influenced by various societal factors that contribute to its prevalence. Understanding the social determinants of obesity is crucial in developing effective strategies to address this issue. In this section, we will explore the economic factors, access to healthy food options, and the influence of socio-cultural norms on childhood obesity. Economic Factors Contributing To Childhood Obesity: - Limited financial resources: Families with lower income may have restricted access to nutritious and affordable food options, leading to a higher consumption of energy-dense but nutrient-poor foods. - Food marketing and availability: The marketing of unhealthy foods, often high in fat, sugar, and salt, particularly targets children and can influence their food choices. In low-income neighborhoods, the availability of fast food outlets may be higher compared to grocery stores or farmers markets that offer healthier options. Access To Healthy Food Options And Its Impact: - Food deserts: Some communities lack grocery stores or farmers markets that provide fresh fruits, vegetables, and other healthy food options. This limitation forces residents to rely on convenience stores and fast food establishments that tend to offer less nutritious choices. - School food environment: Many children consume a significant portion of their daily meals at school. The availability of nutritious meals and snacks within school cafeterias can play a vital role in promoting healthy eating habits among students. Influence Of Socio-Cultural Norms On Childhood Obesity: - Cultural food preferences: Dietary norms and cultural traditions can influence the types of food consumed by children and their families. Some cultures may prioritize foods that are high in calories or have low nutritional value, increasing the risk of childhood obesity. - Screen time and sedentary behavior: Changing socio-cultural norms have resulted in increased sedentary behaviors such as excessive screen time and reduced physical activity levels among children. These factors contribute to energy imbalance and weight gain. Economic factors, access to healthy food options, and socio-cultural norms all play a significant role in shaping the occurrence of childhood obesity. By addressing these social determinants, we can work toward creating a healthier environment for children and reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity. Psychological Perspective: The Behavioral Factors Childhood obesity can be operationally defined as the presence of excessive body fat in children, which is measured based on specific criteria such as body mass index (BMI) percentiles for age and gender. This definition helps to identify and address the behavioral factors that contribute to this issue from a psychological perspective. Role Of Sedentary Lifestyles In Childhood Obesity: - Sedentary behaviors, such as excessive screen time and lack of physical activity, contribute to the increase in childhood obesity. - Spending long hours sitting and engaging in passive activities promotes weight gain and negatively impacts overall health. - Sedentary lifestyles reduce energy expenditure, leading to an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure. Psychological And Emotional Factors Influencing Eating Habits: - Emotional and psychological factors can significantly influence a child’s eating habits, leading to obesity. - Stress, anxiety, and depression can trigger emotional eating, where children seek comfort in high-calorie, unhealthy foods. - Poor body image and low self-esteem can impact self-control and foster unhealthy relationships with food. Impact Of Advertising And Media On Childhood Obesity: - Advertising and media play a significant role in shaping children’s food preferences and consumption patterns. - Prevalent marketing practices promote unhealthy food choices, leading to the consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor products. - Exposure to persuasive advertisements and endorsements can influence children’s perceptions and attitudes towards food. These specific behavioral factors, such as sedentary lifestyles, psychological and emotional factors, and the impact of advertising and media, all contribute to the growing concern of childhood obesity. Acknowledging and addressing these factors can be crucial in developing effective strategies to combat this alarming issue. By emphasizing healthier habits, promoting positive body image, and advocating for responsible marketing practices, we can work towards a healthier future for children worldwide. Legal Perspective: Addressing The Issue Addressing the issue of childhood obesity, it is crucial to define it operationally. The best statement for this purpose would be one that accurately describes the measurable indicators of obesity in children, such as body mass index (BMI) percentile for age and gender. Legally Addressing Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a growing concern, and governments are taking steps to address this issue through various initiatives and legislative measures. School policies and interventions also play a significant role in promoting healthier lifestyles. In this section, we will explore the legal perspective of addressing childhood obesity, focusing on government initiatives, school policies and interventions, and legislative measures to promote healthy lifestyles. Government Initiatives To Combat Childhood Obesity: - Implementing stricter regulations on food marketing to children: Governments are taking steps to restrict the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children, aiming to reduce their exposure to advertisements promoting unhealthy choices. - Promoting public awareness campaigns: Governments are investing in campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of healthy eating and physical activity. These campaigns aim to educate parents, children, and the general public about the risks associated with childhood obesity and the steps they can take to prevent it. - Introducing nutrition standards for schools: Governments are implementing regulations that set nutrition standards for school meals and snacks. These standards ensure that students have access to healthier food options, limiting the availability of unhealthy foods on school campuses. School Policies And Interventions: - Incorporating nutrition education: Schools are incorporating nutrition education into their curriculum to teach children about healthy eating habits. These programs aim to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to make better food choices. - Increasing physical activity opportunities: Schools are implementing policies to promote physical activity during school hours. This may include providing structured physical education classes, encouraging active recess breaks, and offering extracurricular activities that involve movement. - Improving access to healthy food options: Schools are taking steps to improve access to nutritious foods for students. This includes offering healthier options in school cafeterias, vending machines, and snack bars. Legislative Measures To Promote Healthy Lifestyles: - Imposing taxes on sugary beverages: Some countries have implemented taxes on sugary beverages to discourage their consumption. These taxes aim to reduce the consumption of high-sugar drinks, which are often linked to childhood obesity. - Requiring nutritional labeling: Governments are mandating clear and easy-to-understand nutritional labeling on packaged food products. This helps consumers make informed choices by providing information about the contents, calories, and nutritional value of the products. - Regulating food advertisements: Legislative measures are being put in place to regulate food advertisements targeted at children. This includes restrictions on the promotion of unhealthy foods and beverages in media specifically designed for children. It is through comprehensive government initiatives, school policies, and legislative measures that the issue of childhood obesity is being addressed from a legal perspective. By implementing these strategies, we aim to create a healthier environment for children, promoting better eating habits and physical activity for a brighter and healthier future. Research And Data: Solidifying The Definition “Identifying a clear operational definition for childhood obesity is crucial in research and data analysis. In doing so, we can effectively measure and address this prevalent health concern among children. “ Childhood obesity is a pressing public health concern that requires a clear operational definition to effectively address the issue. Undertaking comprehensive research and analyzing pertinent data are crucial for developing an accurate and reliable definition. This section will delve into the current research on childhood obesity, explore the defining demographic parameters, and highlight the significance of data analysis for effective policy-making. Current Research On Childhood Obesity: - Numerous research studies have been conducted worldwide to understand the prevalence and drivers of childhood obesity. - These studies examine various factors such as socioeconomic status, diet, physical activity, and genetics to gain insights into the complex nature of childhood obesity. - Current research also focuses on identifying the long-term implications of childhood obesity on physical and mental health, enabling the formulation of targeted interventions. Defining Demographic Parameters For Operational Definition: - Child age range: Defining the specific age range for childhood obesity is crucial to ensure consistency and accuracy in data collection and assessment. - Body mass index (BMI) criteria: BMI is commonly used to classify obesity, but there is ongoing debate regarding the appropriate BMI cutoff points for different age groups. - Gender and ethnicity considerations: Assessing the impact of gender and ethnicity on childhood obesity prevalence can help develop a more comprehensive operational definition. - Socioeconomic factors: Incorporating socioeconomic factors such as income, education, and access to healthy resources can enhance the operational definition’s effectiveness. Analyzing Data For Effective Policy-Making: - Data analysis is essential for understanding the magnitude and distribution of childhood obesity within different populations. - It enables policymakers to identify trends, risk factors, and disparities, leading to evidence-based interventions and policies. - Data analysis can help evaluate the effectiveness of existing policies and interventions, guiding future refinements and improvements. - Collaborative efforts between researchers, policymakers, and healthcare providers are necessary for data collection, sharing, and analysis to drive impactful policy-making. By consolidating current research, defining demographic parameters, and analyzing comprehensive data, an operational definition of childhood obesity can be formulated that accurately depicts its prevalence, contributing factors, and consequences. This understanding is vital for policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities to develop effective strategies and interventions to combat childhood obesity and promote healthier lifestyles. Challenges In Defining Childhood Obesity Defining childhood obesity poses challenges when determining the best operational definition. A comprehensive approach considering multiple factors, such as body mass index and age-specific thresholds, can provide a more accurate understanding of the issue. Childhood obesity is a complex issue that presents several challenges when it comes to defining and measuring it accurately. These challenges include cultural variations in defining obesity, comorbidities and differing health conditions, as well as the consequences of misclassification and their implications. Let’s explore each of these challenges in detail: Cultural Variations In Defining Obesity: - Different cultures may have varying perceptions and definitions of obesity in children, making it challenging to establish a universal operational definition. - Cultural norms, preferences, and body ideals can influence how obesity is perceived and measured within a particular society or community. - Diverse cultural beliefs and practices may impact the acceptance or recognition of childhood obesity, hindering the development of consistent definitions. Comorbidities And Differing Health Conditions: - The presence of comorbidities and other health conditions can complicate defining childhood obesity. These conditions may influence the assessment, diagnosis, and categorization of obesity in children. - Disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome, hormonal imbalances, or genetic predispositions can lead to weight gain or obesity in children, requiring unique considerations when defining and classifying obesity. Consequences Of Misclassification And Implications: - Misclassification of childhood obesity can have significant consequences on both an individual and societal level. - Improper classification and labeling may lead to underestimating or overlooking the true extent of the problem, impacting public health initiatives and resource allocation. - Misclassification can also result in inappropriate interventions or treatments, potentially harming children who are falsely classified as obese or failing to identify those who genuinely require support. Defining childhood obesity poses various challenges, including cultural variations, comorbidities and differing health conditions, as well as the consequences of misclassification. Understanding and addressing these challenges are crucial for effectively combating and preventing childhood obesity. Moving Forward: Promoting A Healthier Future Childhood obesity can be accurately defined as the condition where a child’s body weight exceeds the standard range for their age and height. Childhood obesity is a growing concern that requires immediate attention and action. To combat this issue and promote a healthier future, it is crucial to implement effective strategies for prevention and early intervention, encourage physical activity and healthy eating habits, as well as foster collaborative efforts for a comprehensive approach. By addressing these areas, we can tackle childhood obesity head-on and pave the way for a healthier generation. Strategies For Prevention And Early Intervention: - Early identification and awareness: Educating parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals about the signs and risks associated with childhood obesity can help in its timely prevention and intervention. - Regular health check-ups: Routine health screenings can help detect early signs of obesity and enable timely interventions. - Public health campaigns: By raising awareness about the importance of healthy lifestyles, we can promote behavior changes that prevent childhood obesity. - School-based programs: Implementing nutrition education and physical activity programs in schools can play a vital role in preventing obesity and promoting healthier habits. - Parental involvement: Engaging parents and providing them with resources and support can empower them to instill healthy habits in their children from an early age. Encouraging Physical Activity And Healthy Eating Habits: - Limit screen time: Encouraging children to reduce their screen time and engage in physical activities can help prevent sedentary behaviors associated with obesity. - Incorporate physical activity into daily routine: Encouraging regular exercise, such as walking or cycling to school, participating in sports, or engaging in active play, can promote a healthier lifestyle. - Provide healthy food options: Ensuring access to nutritious meals and promoting the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can contribute to healthier eating habits. - Empower children to make healthier choices: Teaching children about nutrition, involving them in meal planning and preparation, and setting a positive example can encourage them to make healthier food choices. Collaborative Efforts For A Comprehensive Approach: - Multi-sector collaboration: Collaborating with healthcare providers, schools, community organizations, policymakers, and families can establish a holistic approach to address childhood obesity. - Policy changes and regulations: Implementing policies that promote healthier food environments in schools and communities can have a significant impact on preventing obesity. - Promote active transportation: Encouraging safe walking and cycling routes to schools and creating environments that support physical activity can contribute to healthier communities. - Engage the food industry: Collaborating with food manufacturers, retailers, and restaurants to provide healthier food options and promote responsible marketing to children can make a substantial difference. By implementing these strategies and working together, we can create a healthier future for our children. It is essential to approach childhood obesity with a comprehensive mindset, fostering prevention, encouraging healthy habits, and leveraging collaborative efforts. Together, we can make a significant impact and pave the way for a healthier generation. Frequently Asked Questions For Which Statement Provides The Best Operational Definition Of Childhood Obesity Which Of The Following Statements Provides The Best Operational Definition Of Childhood Obesity? Childhood obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat in children. What Was The Main Research Method John S Lynd And Helen Merrell Lynd Used In Their Middletown Study? John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd used participant observation as the main research method in their Middletown study. What Is The Main Difference Between Ethnography And Other Types Of Participant Observation Is Group Of Answer Choices? Ethnography differs from other participant observation methods by focusing on studying cultural practices and behaviors in a specific group. Where People Change Their Behavior Because They Know They Are Being Watched As Part Of A Study? People change their behavior when they know they’re being watched as part of a study. Determining the best operational definition of childhood obesity is a complex task that warrants careful consideration. The statement that offers the most comprehensive approach to understanding childhood obesity is the one that takes into account both physiological and societal factors. By examining the body mass index (BMI) of children and considering the environmental and cultural influences on their health, we can gain a more in-depth understanding of this issue. Moreover, an operational definition that acknowledges the long-term consequences of childhood obesity, such as increased risk of chronic diseases, ensures that interventions and prevention efforts are effectively targeted. It is important to recognize that childhood obesity is not solely a personal responsibility, but also a reflection of broader societal issues, such as accessibility to healthy food options and opportunities for physical activity. By addressing these systemic factors in our definition, we can work towards combating childhood obesity on multiple fronts.

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During the 1830s, Thonet found out how to obtain curved chair components from bent wooden slats and glue. In 1836 his Boppard Layerwood Chair was a sensational success, and gave him the opportunity to acquire a glue factory and proceed in his bent wood and glued furniture research and production. Image source: https://www.boisbuchet.org/collection/boppard-chair/ On the Verge of Success While Thonet struggled for some time in the marketplace in the 1830s and early 1840s, there was interest in his methods of bending wood into curved and graceful forms using hot air steam. Thonet’s bent wood furniture rejected the oversized, heavy, masculine wooden furniture of the Victorian period and offered a new furniture style and design. The result was durable furniture that was attractive, fashionable, and lightweight. Info source: https://www.drloriv.com/Tips/ID/320/Thonet-Furniture From his first chair to the “chair of chairs” In the 1830s, Thonet began trying to make furniture out of glued and bent wooden slats. His first success was the Bopparder Schichtholzstuhl (Boppard layerwood chair) in 1836. Thonet gained substantial independence by acquiring the Michelsmühle, the glue factory that made the glue for this process, in 1837. However, his attempts to patent the technology failed in Germany (1840) as well as in Great Britain, France and Russia (1841). Thonet’s essential breakthrough was his success in having light, strong wood bent into curved, graceful shapes by forming the wood in hot steam. This enabled him to design entirely novel, elegant, lightweight, durable and comfortable furniture, which appealed strongly to fashion – a complete departure from the heavy, carved designs of the past – and whose aesthetic and functional appeal remains to this day. At the Koblenz trade fair of 1841, Thonet met Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, who was enthusiastic about Thonet’s furniture and invited him to the Vienna court. In the next year, Thonet was able to present his furniture, and his chairs in particular, to the Imperial Family. As the Boppard establishment got into financial difficulties, Thonet sold it and emigrated to Vienna with his family. In 1849, he again opened his own shop together with his four sons. A few years later, in 1853, he transferred the company to his sons under the name Gebrüder Thonet. In 1850 he produced his Nr 1 chair. The Great Exhibition in London 1851 saw him receive the bronze medal for his Vienna bentwood chairs. This was his international breakthrough. At the next World’s Fair, Exposition Universelle in Paris 1855, he was awarded the silver medal as he continued to improve his production methods. In 1856 he was able to open up a new factory in Koryčany, Moravia. Its extensive beech woods were of great significance to his enterprise. The 1859 chair Nr. 14 – better known as Konsumstuhl Nr. 14, coffee shop chair no. 14 – is still called the “chair of chairs” with some 50 million produced and still in production today. The innovative bending technique allowed for the industrial production of a chair for the first time ever. The chair could be exported to all nations of the world in simple, space saving packages: 36 disassembled chairs could fit into a one cubic meter box.At the time, the chair no. 14 cleared the way for Thonet to become a global company. Michael Thonet and the Mass Production Firstly, thanks to his inventiveness, Thonet was able to work out a way of utilising techniques for his furniture, which lay way outside his trained profession. At the same time, he and his sons were successful in adapting the production of handcrafted individual pieces, via series production to mass production. In doing so, as a general rule, he didn’t fall back on the offers of machine producers already on the market, but developed, constructed and optimised his tools and machines himself. Not only did he travel round European countries and set up a branch network, but he also founded the first American branch in New York as early as 1873. He reported home which preferences and needs the regional markets had, which a part of the production was geared towards. Finally Thonet benefitted from the fact that since the beginning of the 19th century, a middle class was evolving, which we would describe as mainstream middle class. This social group represented an important part of the market, along with industrial customers. Bentwood Chairs Today The name “Bentwood” is derived from the fact that the wood on the chair has been bent into position. Using a combination of heat and moisture, the wood becomes soft and flexible enough to bend into different shapes. Once it dries out, the wood becomes hardened and keeps it new shape for many years to come. There are many different types of wood that can be used, although ash and beech are generally the best because they can bend easily and do not crack like other, harder woods tend to do under the process. Today, Bentwood chairs are found in millions of homes, businesses and facilities and have never really gone out of style. The manufacturing process that Thonet had developed was quickly copied by others and Bentwood chairs of all types started appearing all over the world. Many of the top furniture designers in the world have put their own stamp on this unique chair thanks to the many different shapes that could be created. By the end of the 19th century, Bentwood chairs had truly entered a new age with the burgeoning economies of Europe and the United States opening up a whole new market of people who could afford the low priced chair for their homes. Image source: https://www.drloriv.com/Tips/ID/320/Thonet-Furniture Another interesting fact is that of the 80+ million Bentwood chairs that have been sold since their first creation, more than half of the sales occurred before 1930. While this particular type of chair is still highly popular, other types of chair designs have weaved their way into the general public. This means that the chair itself is not quite as popular as it once was, but it still holds a powerful place in our culture. Designer: Michael Thonet Year: c. 1836-1840 Manufacturer: Thonet & CO. Boppard-am-Rhein, Germany Medium: walnut, cane Dimensions: 85.5 × 42.6 × 53.5 cm Info source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Thonet

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Techniques on display included a 3D underwater survey using a technique called photogrammetry and marine laser scanning, high-resolution seabed and sub-seabed sonar survey, and a range of visualisation techniques including colour 3D printing of shipwreck sites. Among the leading technologies on show at the Bedford Park campus was a presentation about the Crabster, a sophisticated submersible robot under development in Korea. Students took advantage of a cutting-edge 3D visualisation invention being developed in South Australia – the ‘Voxiebox’ holographic projector that has just received $1m in funding from local investors. The Star Wars-inspired Voxiebox, created by Adelaide inventors Will Tamblyn and Gavin Smith, will be used to generate 3D projections of shipwrecks for maritime archaeology and other research purposes. Flinders, which has one of the world’s leading Maritime Archaeology programs and is current Chair of the UNESCO UNITWIN Network for Underwater Archaeology, hosted an impressive array of international experts for last week’s event. These included Dr Kalliopli Baika from Aix-Marseille Universite in France; Dr James Hunter III from the Australian National Maritime Museum, Zaid Morsey from Alexandria University, Egypt; Dr Barbara Davidde from the Istituto Superiore per la Conservazione ed il Restauro, Italy; and Dr YonHwa Jung from the National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage in South Korea. Flinders archaeologist Dr Jonathan Benjamin said the event showcased some of the most advanced technologies and techniques being used to help archaeologists reconstruct underwater sites all over the world. “Surveying and reconstructing underwater sites comes with some obvious challenges that the technology we will be looking is helping us to overcome, often in dramatic fashion,” Dr Benjamin said. “We’ll be demonstrating the technology and techniques by bringing more sites, shipwrecks and artefacts to life than you would normally get to see in years of research, so this is a really rare opportunity.” Flinders PhD candidate John McCarthy, who recently moved to Flinders from Wessex, has worked on some of the UK’s most dramatic 3D underwater archaeology reconstructions. He will demonstrate how a combination of advanced underwater surveying and 3D printing allowed him to resurrect everything from lost cannons to entire ships.

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Introduction: Using Wax to Waterproof 3D Prints Recently on http://www.thingiverse.com/ there was a contest called "Make it Float" which made me question whether a 3d printed part will naturally have the capacity to keep water from flowing in through the delicately laid lines that make up the piece. After a little research and checking out some of the different prints submitted to the contest I concluded that indeed a part can be printed in such a way that it repels water and floats.However, parts printed with "standard" settings and with an optimized print time in mind do not commonly have this ability. The plastic naturally floats in any water but it is more like an ice cube than a foam board (floats IN the water not ON the water). This brought to mind an issue which needed solving... how to make any print water proof, even when gaps between lines occur. Step 1: When Where and Why The world of 3d printing is expanding at an incredible rate. People are printing houses, cars, bicycles, and boats. With this influx in prototype and production, prints will undergo all sorts of different environments and stresses. The environment that this instructable deals with is liquid, and how it effects your print. I will show a way to apply a coating on your print to prevent liquid from entering your infill, or deteriorate your outside.The coating of choice will be WAX because it is readily available to most people, but there are many other types of coatings that will do the same thing, and possibly do them better. Coating material is commonplace in most every industry, Carbide tooling is often coated in a TiAlN (Titanium aluminium nitride) to prevent wear while cutting, allen wrenches and socket heads are often coated in a black oxide to prevent rust and wear, and even couches and beds are coated in a flame resistant resin in case of fire. 3d prints currently use coatings for many different reasons also, to smooth edges, to increase toughness, and to block liquids from entering. So WHEN your print is in need of any of these attributes look to coatings for help. Each 3d printed part is different so discovering WHERE is unique to the instance. A few rules I use are as follows: does my print interact with liquid on a regular basis, if yes then WHERE does it interact, apply the wax to that specific spot. If you are not sure WHERE it interacts, just apply wax everywhere and you will be sure to get it. An example would be a 3d printed boat (like this one from Thingiverse http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:763622 a great print to test the capability of your printer also) most boats only need wax applied to the bottom of them, and a small amount of the lower portion of the sides. Use your discretion as to the best place to apply wax and if all else fails, just put it everywhere!!! I have already answered this question in the WHEN and WHERE sections but 3s are the best so I will reiterate it here. Wax on a print will prevent water (or other liquids) from breaking into the print because wax creates a water tight barrier. This is WHY you should use wax to coat your objects. Step 2: Coating a Print Now that we have covered the basics of WHEN WHERE and WHY lets figure out how to efficiently apply wax to our print. - 3d Printed Part - Wax (any kind really, if you want cool colors to match your print try melting down crayons...) - Brush (both to clean the part and to apply wax) - Heat Gun (or heat source hot enough to melt wax) - Container (for heating the wax) -Knife or Razor 1. CLEAN THE PRINT 2. MELT THE WAX 3. KEEP THE WAX WARM WHILE APPLYING 4. COOL THE WAX 5. REMOVE EXCESS WAX NOTE: having excess wax is not really a problem, but if your object is supposed to float it will add unnecessary weight to it. Also it will make it look odd if it has an uneven amount of wax applied to it. NOTE 2: Only a small amount of wax is needed to make the print water tight. NOTE 3: Putting wax on the print will make it "waxy" so hold on tight and use gloves or it may slip out of your hand/ get your hands "waxy". CAUTION: Heat Guns can get very hot so use caution if you are using this method to melt your wax. Also keep the heat gun on the wax as you are applying it to make sure it stays melted as it will harden quickly. Step 3: Checking for Leaks After you have applied the wax and let it cool, it is time to check for leaks. Use a container of water to dip the part in forcing it to submerge as much as needed (until the wax is underwater) and allow to sit for a set amount of time (10-15 seconds). If water fills the cavity of the print then apply more wax and try again until you do not have any water inside and you are sure the part is water tight! Step 4: Smoothing Everything Out Once you have made your object water tight it may still be in need of some "cleanup" so grab your knife or razor and very carefully remove any excess wax from your print and try to clean up any "fingerprints" you may have left from handling your part. Any wax can be used for this process (even crayon wax) and finding a wax that matches the color of your print may be your goal (or maybe not if you want a cool color contrast). If you liked this Instructable check out my other ones by visiting my page and keep an eye out for more innovative ways to use 3d printing to its maximum capacity!!! If you live in North America and want something printed, check out my 3dHub at this URL. You can also 'like' Jub's Hub on Facebook and stay updated on all my latest projects. Thanks God Bless Participated in the

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Hyperhidrosis is excess sweating. We all need to sweat to keep the body cool. However, people with hyperhidrosis seem to have overactive sweat glands. They may sweat even when their body does not need cooling. Too much sweating affects quality of life. It may cause embarrassment and frustration. It can affect one’s ability to carry out routine chores and may even be a hazard on the job. This problem can be primary, meaning its cause is not another medical problem. When doctors do not know what the cause is they call it idiopathic. Sometimes hyperhidrosis is secondary; it results from another medical problem or a medicine or a side effect of a medicine (a health problem that can result from the medicine).Excess sweating is either focal (occurs on certain parts of the body, often the hands, underarms, and feet ) or generalized (large body areas sweat). There are three types of hyperhidrosis: primary focal, generalized idiopathic, and secondary generalized. Primary focal hyperhidrosis most often affects the feet, hands, underarms, head, and face. Usually it affects both sides of the body equally. This type often begins in childhood when it affects the hands and feet. It starts during puberty when it affects the underarms. Possibly, people inherit this trait. Generalized idiopathic hyperhidrosis is when large areas of the body sweat, and the cause is not clear. Treatment most often is with oral medicine. Secondary generalized hyperhidrosis results from medicine or a medical problem. Conditions that can cause it include menopause, an overactive thyroid, diabetic nerve disease (peripheral neuropathy), obesity, and stroke. Medications, such as blood pressure pills or antidepressants, also can cause this type of sweating. Other causes are exercise and heat. Unlike primary hyperhidrosis, sweating involves large areas of the body, can start at any age, and may occur during sleep. WHY TREATMENT IS CONSIDERED Hyperhidrosis may affect a person’s quality of life by interfering with work and social activities. It can cause embarrassment and social isolation. It is troubling and may have a link to depression and anxiety.Sweating a lot also is physically bothersome. It may cause discomfort. When it causes skin irritation, such as on the feet or in skin folds, it can lead to bacterial and fungal infections. To make sure you get a proper diagnosis and treatment of the cause of sweating, you should see a dermatologist or other physician. Treatment depends on the cause. Antiperspirants Available with and without a prescription, these sprays, gels, roll-ons, and lotions decrease sweating. The most common ingredient is aluminum chloride hexahydrate. Apply the antiperspirants to the affect area at bedtime on dry skin. Wash off the product in the morning. Some people find that occlusion (covering the area) with plastic wrap after application can be helpful on the palms and soles, but may be too irritating for the arm pits or under the breasts. Iontophoresis Used to treat sweaty hands and feet, this treatment requires the patient to immerse the hands or feet in a shallow pan filled with water. A medical device sends a lot-voltage current through the water. This process temporarily shuts off the sweat glands. When used every other day, it takes about six to 10 treatments until sweating decreases. Patients must repeat treatments to maintain results. After receiving instruction on proper use of the device, the patient may self-administer the treatments at home. The machine is available by prescription only. Botulinum Toxin Type A The dermatologist injects a weak strength of this medication into the underarms, palms, or soles to decrease sweating. Sometimes, other body ares may receive these shots. The medication blocks the release of a chemical in the body (acetylcholine) that stimulates the sweat glands. This effective treatment may last 4 to 8 months. Patients will need re-treatment after that time. Oral Medication Taken by mouth, the “anticholinergic” medications glycopyrrolate and propantheline bromide prevent the stimulation of sweat glands. Medicines called beta-blockers (for instance, propranolol) also may be a treatment option, mainly for stress-induced sweating. Since all medications have possible side effects, the benefits should outweigh the potential risks. Sympathectomy This procedure interrupts the nervous system impulses to the sweat glands. Doctors use it mainly to treat the palms. A potential side effect is “compensatory sweating.” This is excess sweating that may be even worse than hyperhidrosis. This side effect can occur in up to 80% of patients. Therefore this procedure should be an option just for patients who fully understand the risk and in whom other treatments have failed. Surgery Underarm sweat glands and be removed by curettage (scraping), liposuction, or surgical exision (cutting). There may be scars or compensatory sweating after surgery. All content solely developed by the American Academy of Dermatology. Get 15% Off Your First Purchase Stay in the loop with exclusive discounts, expert skincare tips, the latest news, and more. Don't miss out on the opportunity to elevate your skincare routine and save on your favorite products.

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New Excel Year NAPLAN-style Tests PRODUCT DESCRIPTION (EXTRACT FROM THE PUBLISHER PASCAL PRESS) This book is designed for parents who want to help their children and for teachers who wish to prepare their class for the NAPLAN Tests. NAPLAN Tests are sat by Year 5 students Australia-wide. These tests are held in May every year. The tests are in literacy and numeracy. In literacy there are three tests: - Language Conventions – spelling, grammar and punctuation: there are around 50 questions in this test - Reading – comprehension: there are around 35 questions in this test - Writing - written expression: there is one piece of writing in this test In the numeracy test mathematics is tested. There are 40 questions in this test. Parents may also use these books separately from the tests and just as a general way of revising or when tutoring their children. This book is divided into sample questions and practice tests. It starts with samples of the literacy (Reading and Language Conventions) and numeracy questions. This is then followed by four practice tests for numeracy, four practice tests for reading and four practice tests for language conventions. There is a sample writing task and four practice writing tasks. Samples can be revised if the practice tests are not completed. * This is not an officially endorsed publication of the NAPLAN program and is produced by Pascal Press independently of Australian governments. |Unit Of Measure

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'Roads Of Arabia' Exhibition At The Nelson Reveals Layered Past Standing near the entrance of the new exhibition, Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on Wednesday, Julián Zugazagoitia, director and CEO of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, called the more than 200 recently discovered artifacts a "revelation for humanity." Two roads are explored: the incense trade routes, caravans transporting frankincense and myrrh from Arabia to Mesopotamia and the Greco-Roman world, as well as the network of roads for travelers on religious pilgrimages to Mecca. Excavated from more than 10 archaeological sites along these roads, the works span more than 6,000 years from the neolithic period to early in the 20th century, and shine a light on a previously unknown cultural history from the Arabian Peninsula — both before and after the rise of Islam. "So what we see here is how sophisticated, what a rich culture, what a depth of appreciation there was and how the peninsula was always a crossing path," said Zugazagoitia. A fledgling archaeology The first archaeological explorations in the Arabian Peninsula started in the early 1970s. And the unearthed artifacts — from prehistoric tools to gold jewelry to giant statues — didn't travel until 2010, when Roads of Arabia launched its first tour at the Louvre in Paris. Ali al-Ghabban, vice President of the Saudi tourism commission, has been described by Prince Sultan bin Salman as "our Indiana Jones." He was part of a team that discovered antiquities from the first century BCE. During a tour of the exhibition, al-Ghabban said there are now more than 50 Saudi scholars trained in the discipline, and work continues, in coordination with other countries, to uncover more artifacts each day. "In Saudi Arabia, we have more than 30 teams ... in excavation and surveying," he said. "We are like Egypt in the 19th century." 'Roads of Arabia: Archaeology and History of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,' April 25 – July 6, 2014, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 4525 Oak Street, Kansas City, Mo. 816-751-1278. The North American tour of the exhibition is organized by Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution, in association with the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities (SCTA).

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It's Been A Bad Year For Texas Wildfires. It Will Probably Get Worse. Four large wildfires have broken out in Central Texas in just about a week. It’s part of a bad year for Texas fires, and climate researchers say the uptick in fires bears the fingerprints of climate change. Statewide, it started early in the Panhandle, then the fires crept south and east into Central Texas. “Resources are getting overwhelmed,” says Texas A&M Forest Services spokesman Logan Scherschel. More recently, he says the state has brought in resources from out of state to assist us with fighting these fires – including volunteers from out-of-state departments to fight the Park Road Fire in Burnet County, which also just received a grant from FEMA to help battle the blaze. So why is this year so bad in Texas? It’s not just drought. Extreme heat is also to blame – especially here in Central Texas. “One of the big contributors to that has been these last two weeks of temperatures over 100 degrees,” says Geeta Persad, a climate scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists. “It has allowed the fuel in that area to dry out really quickly.” She says climate change is partly to blame for that heat, meaning heavy wildfire years like this may become more or less normal in the near future. “I feel very confident in saying Texas is in the bull’s-eye of climate change,” says Donald Falk, a forest ecologist at the University of Arizona. Falk recently worked on a paper that suggests the burn area of wildfires will double, or even increase by as much as eight times, in parts of the Southwest over the next few decades. That has implications for all sorts of things, from where people live, to how we allocate firefighting resources when there are more fires to fight. “That’s the big issue we’re running into right now,” says Scherschel. “It’s getting hard to get extra resources from other states, because the states in the Pacific Northwest, California and out west are taking up a lot of resources in that area, and they’re not available to come assist us.” Some policymakers advocate things like better forest management, increasing firefighting capabilities and creating housing policies to get people out of harm’s way. But, Falk says, there’s only one big way to prevent forest fires. “The lesson from our research is very, very clear,” he says. “You cannot fix the fire problem without getting real and confronting climate change. Period. End of story." Copyright 2020 KUT 90.5. To see more, visit KUT 90.5.

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Nothing's better than when your kids are in a good mood. When they're easy-going and happy, everything seems to run smoothly. They are flexible and cooperative when plans change, and even laugh at themselves when they make a mistake. In moments like these, parenting can be fun and pretty easy. But we all know there are times when children can be biting and sensitive, and fall apart when something doesn’t go just right. WHY WON’T THIS LEGO PIECE CLICK IN?!! In these moments, when our kids dig their heels in and go to battle over every minor issue, parenting can feel like a chore. What explains these emotional ups and downs in our kids? Believe it or not, a lot of it has to do with the many parts of their brain. The left side of the brain helps you think logically and organize thoughts into sentences, while the right side helps you experience emotions and read nonverbal cues. We each have a “reptile brain” that allows us to act instinctively and make split-second survival decisions, and a “mammal brain” that leads us toward connection and relationships. One part of your brain is devoted to dealing with memory; another to making moral and ethical decisions. It’s almost as if your brain has multiple personalities—some rational, some irrational; some reflective, some reactive. No wonder we can seem like different people at different times! Biology could be to blame for these mood swings. The key to helping our kids be flexible and adaptive and thoughtful and all the other things we want them to be, is to help integrate these parts of the brain so they work well together as a coordinated whole—a whole brain. When all of the parts of your kid's brain work together like a well-oiled machine, emotions are easier to control. When your child isn’t working from an integrated whole brain, he becomes overwhelmed by his emotions, confused and chaotic. Tantrums, meltdowns, aggression, and most of the other challenging experiences of parenting—and life—are a result of a loss of integration, also known as “disintegration.” In other words, these problems occur when your little one isn't (and when we ourselves aren't) using his whole brain. As parents, how can we help our children become better integrated so they can use their whole brain in a coordinated way? Here are a few suggestions: - Connect and Redirect. When your child is melting down or blowing up emotionally, avoid immediately appealing to his logic. Saying,“Why are you acting this way? I don’t have any snacks in the car” is problematic because it addresses an emotional, right-brain problem using rational, left-brain logic. Instead, connect first emotionally—right brain to right brain. By telling him, “I can tell that you’re really disappointed about the snacks” in a soothing tone of voice, you acknowledge his feelings in a calm manner. Then, once he is more in control and receptive, redirect by bringing in the left-brain lessons and, if necessary, setting some boundaries. - Name It to Tame It. When a scary or painful experience produces big, out-of-control emotions, don’t dismiss and deny them. Instead, help him tell the story of what happened. Telling a story helps his left brain make sense of all of those unfamiliar emotions that his right brain is experiencing, and this will help him to feel more in control. Storytelling allows both sides of the brain to work together, preventing disintegration. - Engage, Don't Enrage. In high-stress situations, engage your child’s upstairs brain, which is where his higher-order thinking takes place. Rather than triggering the more primitive and reactive downstairs brain with the “Because I said so!” card, ask questions, collaborate, and even negotiate. The more you can appeal to the upstairs brain and engage him in critical thinking and processing, the more your child will think and act and decide, rather than simply reacting to what he's feeling. - Get Active. If your child loses touch with his upstairs brain, help him regain balance by having him move his body. Doing a few jumping jacks or running around the yard can directly affect his brain chemistry. Exercise allows him to work through some of his emotions in a healthy way, allowing him to focus on other things afterward. When we change our physical state—through movement or relaxation, for example—we can change our emotional state. These tips offer the possibility not only of surviving difficult parenting moments, but of actually turning them into times you can help your child thrive by tapping in to his whole brain. Survive and thrive. It really can happen, when you're raising a whole-brain child. This article originally appeared in Education.com on October 19, 2011. Reprinted with permission of the author. Related Articles You May Like About Daniel J. Siegel, MD Daniel J. Siegel received his medical degree from Harvard University and completed his postgraduate medical education at UCLA with training in pediatrics and child, adolescent and adult psychiatry. He served as a National Institute of Mental Health Research Fellow at UCLA, studying family interactions with an emphasis on how attachment experiences influence emotions, behavior, autobiographical memory and narrative. Dr. Siegel is currently a clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine where he is on the faculty of the Center for Culture, Brain, and Development and the Co-Director of the Mindful Awareness Research Center. An award-winning educator, he is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association and recipient of several honorary fellowships. Dr. Siegel is also the Executive Director of the Mindsight Institute, an educational organization, which offers online learning and in-person lectures that focus on how the development of mindsight in individuals, families and communities can be enhanced by examining the interface of human relationships and basic biological processes. His psychotherapy practice includes children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families. He serves as the Medical Director of the LifeSpan Learning Institute and on the Advisory Board of the Blue School in New York City, which has built its curriculum around Dr. Siegel’s Mindsight approach. Dr. Siegel has published extensively for the professional audience. He is the co-editor of the Handbook of Psychiatry and the author of numerous articles, chapters, and the internationally acclaimed text, The Developing Mind: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are. This book introduces the field of interpersonal neurobiology, and has been utilized by a number of clinical and research organizations worldwide, including the U.S. Department of Justice, The Vatican’s Pontifical Council for the Family, Microsoft and Google. The Developing Mind, Second Edition: How Relationships and the Brain Interact to Shape Who We Are was published in March 2012. Dr. Siegel serves as the Founding Editor for the Norton Professional Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology which contains over 12 textbooks. The Mindful Brain: Reflection and Attunement in the Cultivation of Well-Being explores the nature of mindful awareness as a process that harnesses the social circuitry of the brain as it promotes mental, physical, and relational health. The Mindful Therapist: A Clinician's Guide to Mindsight and Neural Integration explores the application of focusing techniques for the clinician’s own development, as well as their clients' development of mindsight and neural integration. Norton released Dr. Siegel’s the Pocket Guide to Interpersonal Neurobiology: An Integrative Handbook of the Mind in April 2012. Dr. Siegel’s book, Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation, offers the general reader an in-depth exploration of the power of the mind to integrate the brain and promote well-being. He has written two parenting books, Parenting from the Inside Out: How a Deeper Self-Understanding Can Help You Raise Children Who Thrive with Mary Hartzell, M.Ed. and The Whole-Brain Child: 12 Revolutionary Strategies to Nurture Your Child's Developing Mind with Tina Payne Bryson, PhD., both of which explore the application of the mindsight approach to parenting. Dr. Siegel's latest release is The New York Times bestseller Brainstorm: The Power and Purpose of the Teenage Brain (Tarcher, 2013), which explains how brain development impacts teenagers' behavior and relationships. His next book with Tina Payne Bryson, Ph.D. is No-Drama Discipline: The Whole-Brain Way to Calm the Chaos and Nurture Your Child's Developing Mind. Dr. Siegel’s unique ability to make complicated scientific concepts easy to understand and exciting has led him to be invited to address diverse local, national and international groups of mental health professionals, neuroscientists, corporate leaders, educators, parents, public administrators, healthcare providers, policy-makers, and clergy. He has been invited to lecture for the King of Thailand, Pope John Paul II, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Google University, and TEDx. For 2010-2011, Dan is serving as the National Speaker for the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Mindfulness and Integrative Medicine Lectures. He lives in Southern California with his family.

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Who's The Man? Hollywood Heroes Defined Masculinity For Millions Tony Curtis used to say that he'd learned how to kiss a girl by watching Cary Grant at the movies. Let's give him the benefit of the doubt and assume he wasn't just sitting behind Grant at the theater — while also noting that he's hardly alone in taking instruction from films. Movies have always offered a window through which audiences, sitting in the dark, can observe human nature without being observed. A movie theater is where many a boy learned how to make things right, the way John Wayne did in so many pictures, with fists or a gun. Movies taught about sacrificing for the greater good, as Humphrey Bogart did when he sent Ingrid Bergman off with a "here's lookin' at you, kid" in Casablanca. They're a place to learn about standing firm against injustice (with Spencer Tracy in Inherit the Wind), and about standing up for yourself (with Sidney Poitier in A Raisin in the Sun). All of which was useful for a nation that thought of itself as a melting pot. For generations, newly arrived immigrants had emerged slowly from their ethnic enclaves in big cities, where things were comfortingly just like the old country. Assimilating was hard. But film — even back when it was silent — was like an instruction manual for the American experience. For a nickel at the nickelodeon, a foreign fellow fresh off the boat could see exactly how American men dressed, how they greeted each other (with a handshake, not with European kisses on each cheek), and, more generally, how people in his newly adopted country behaved. Admittedly, silent films used a kind of shorthand for American behavior — stereotypes, to allow directors to brush in characters quickly without dialogue: women were almost always domestic, delicate and passive, while men were outgoing, strong and active. From John Wayne to Iron Man ... not such a stretch, really. They're icons both, standing tall, fighting for the greater good. Film's power of suggestion quickly became so influential — so overwhelming in fact — that some argued it should be curbed. In the 1930s, the film industry created a production code that laid out a set of strict rules for filmmakers, banning drunkenness, sex, revenge plots, all forms of immorality and stating explicitly that no movie should throw audience sympathy to the side of wrongdoing. You couldn't do most of Shakespeare under those rules, but you could have strong, manly, family-friendly heroes. Which meant, as the bluenoses intended, that Hollywood, having been told what it could show, was in effect telling audiences what they should be — portraying human behavior (especially male behavior) in idealized, heroic terms that mere mortals might have trouble living up to. After World War II, the code started fraying around the edges as competition from television cut into Hollywood's bottom line. What could film offer that TV couldn't? Well, foreign films had nudity; indie films offered rebellion. The studios wanted a piece of that action, so they stopped restricting filmmakers with the Production Code and started alerting audiences through the ratings we know today. And as soon as the restrictions were gone, leading men in movies became more like men in real life — not always strong or good or forceful. Dustin Hoffman became a huge star, playing a total slacker in The Graduate. Peter Fonda easy-rode his way across America; Paul Newman and Steve McQueen played antiheroes and got labeled the "Kings of Cool." John Travolta was that era's Fred Astaire — all of them recognizable as people, not icons. All were nuanced, and vulnerable and incapable of being like the men of old Hollywood, because the world had changed too much. Woody Allen demonstrated the change in comically literal terms by conjuring up Bogie to help him man up in Play It Again, Sam. Testosterone was in full retreat by the 1980s. Movies made for teenagers had teen heroes, not adult males. James Bond started poking fun at the kind of "suave" his predecessors had played straight, and romance devolved from Cary Grant to Hugh Grant — stammering, hesitant, charming in a manner that was utterly without eloquence or confidence. This led over time to the adult male as overgrown child in Judd Apatow comedies, to dads who turned themselves into Mrs. Doubtfires to rule the roost, to sensitive bad guys, earnest good guys, gay guys who wished they could quit each other, and action heroes like Jason Bourne who literally don't know who they are. Men, in short, became varied, and human, and unambiguously authentic on-screen. But audiences still want heroes — and more important, audiences are eager to pay to see heroes. Which means Hollywood needed to find a way for males to be heroic again. The solution, which turned out to be a multibillion-dollar solution: Make them superheroic. Men of Steel, Men of Iron, men with the webslinging power of spiders and with the claws of wolverines — but more important, each and every one a man who cares. From John Wayne to Iron Man ... not such a stretch, really. They're icons both, standing tall, fighting for the greater good. And yes, they're manly in a way that may not be entirely human, or even something most people would want to live up to. But it sure looks great in Cinemascope. Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

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Do you feel uncomfortable when you hear the sound of a dental instrument or smell the antiseptic scent of a dental operatory? Have you avoided making your regular appointment, even though it’s been over six months since your last cleaning, because you don’t want to go to the dentist? Are you afraid of your dentist? If you said yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. It is estimated that up to 75% of U.S. adults have at least some degree of fear associated with dentistry. These levels vary from mild to severe cases of anxiety and discomfort. A major case of dental anxiety is classified as a phobia. Dental phobia, also called dentophobia and odontophobia, describes the intense fear patients feel in the dental chair or about receiving dental care. While this degree of fear is limited to about five to ten percent of the population, it is a serious condition that can have terrible consequences for your oral health. The Difference Between Anxiety and Phobia Differentiating anxiety from phobia can be challenging. There are moments in any person’s dental visit when their reactions vary in intensity. Feeling anxious before the doctor is about to give you the shot, or worrying about pain from an extraction is normal for anyone facing a dental procedure. Having concerns and worries about a dental procedure, however, doesn’t constitute a phobia. - Feeling tense leading up to your dental appointment, to the point where the feelings are distracting or interfere with your sleep - Intensifying anxiety while waiting in the waiting room - Physical reactions to dental reminders and cues, e.g. crying, feeling nauseated, sudden increase in heart rate, and perspiration - Respiratory issues (trouble breathing) during the appointment when the dental professional uses his or her dental tools in your mouth What Makes People Afraid of Dental Care? Many direct and indirect influences cause the fears, anxiety, and phobias associated with dental care. Direct causes are the most common, meaning that the patient had a poor experience in a dental setting in the past that contributes to their perception of it today. Indirect causes can also influence the patient’s perception of dental care, such as hearing stories about someone else’s experience or seeing how television and movies depict dental care. Most often, dental fear is the result of a past experience that was painful and traumatic. In these cases, often the personality or mannerisms of the dental professional affected the outcome as well. In other words, the dentist wasn’t supportive at the time or failed to respond to the patient’s concerns. Many times patients report feeling a lack of control and helplessness. In some cases, the fear of dental care has nothing to do with experiences related to dental care. Patients who endured physical or emotional abuse, suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or had an unfortunate experience in a related setting, like a hospital, might associate dental care with those experiences and react accordingly. Hatfield, Heather. “The Fear Factor: Phobias.” www.webmd.com. Web. 26 April 2016. <http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/fear-factor-phobias> “What is Dental Anxiety and Phobia?”www.colgate.com. Web. 26 April 2016. <http://www.colgate.com/en/us/oc/oral-health/basics/dental-visits/article/what-is-dental-anxiety-and-phobia> Bernstein, D. A., Kleinknecht, R. A. and Alexander, L. D. (1979), ANTECEDENTS OF DENTAL FEAR. Journal of Public Health Dentistry, 39: 113–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.1979.tb02932.x Chan, Amanda L. “Dental Phobia: 7 Common Fears, And How To Conquer Them.” www.huffingtonpost.com. 13 February 2012. Web. 26 April 2016. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/06/dental-phobia-fears-dentist_n_1257277.html>

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Women's rights are multiracial and transnational. The problems of women in various regions differ from one another and are influenced by a variety of elements, including individual consciousness and, familial, societal, racial, marital, economic, and religious considerations. Both ancient and contemporary Indiisre are firmly steeped in patriarchy and sexism. Age, ordinal rank, relationships to men through their families of origin, marriage and childbearing, and patriarchal characteristics are just a few of the repressive social structures that Indian women must negotiations survive. Dowry, having sons, kinship, caste, colour, community, village, market, and the state are a few examples of patriarchal traits. Despite the difficulties, several women's rights had been restricted, and their involvement in public life had been constrained by Indian society, which had experienced a significant transformation since the Vedic eras. Despite the progress, there are still several issues that prevent women from fully utilising their rights and possibilities in India. Religious expectations, personal laws, and other regulations frequently conflict with the Indian Constitution and deprive women of legal rights and authority. The Indian Constitution recognises this desire for a developing India, hence the founders saw the necessity of including it as a basic right under Article 15 after realising its necessity. First Phase: 1825-1915 Caste and gender-related social reform initiatives were brought about by the colonial foray into modernity, the emergence of nationalism, and the reflection on discriminatory practices. Men started this first stage of women's freedom and rights in India to eradicate the social ills of sati, permit widow remarriage, forbid child marriage, and lower illiteracy. They also did this to control the legal consent age and guarantee property rights through government intervention. Along with this, some Hindu women from the upper castes rebelled against the restrictions imposed by brahminical During the British colonial march, women were in charge of several Indian states, including Jhansi (Rani Laxmibai), Kittur (Rani Chennama), Bhopal (Quidisa Begum), and Punjab (Jind Kaur). Many reformers worked to improve the status of women during the British Raj, including Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Jyotirao Phule. - Through Raja Rammohan Roy's efforts, Sati was abolished in 1829 by Governor-General William Cavendish-Bentinck. - In 1847, Peary Charan Sarkar, a former student of Hindu College in Calcutta and a member of "Young Bengal," founded the first free school for females in India in the Barasat neighbourhood of Calcutta (the institution later went by the name Kalikrishna Girls' High School). - The Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was a result of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's campaign to alleviate the plight of widows. Many female reformers, like Pandita Ramabai, aided in the advancement of women's rights. - John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune founded the Bethune School in 1849 and Bethune Institution in 1879, making the latter the first women's college in - Chandramukhi Basu and Kadambini Ganguly graduated in 1883, making history for both India and the British Empire as the first female graduates. - The first Indian women to study Western medicine were Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi, who did so in 1886. Second Phase: 1915�1947 The fight against colonial control became more serious at this time. The dominant cause evolved into nationalism. By involving them in the nonviolent civil disobedience movement against the British Raj, Mahatma Gandhi broadened and legitimised the public actions of Indian women. He created a place for them in the public sphere by elevating their feminine roles of compassion, self-sacrifice, tolerance, and care. In the rural satyagrahas of Borsad and Bardoli, peasant women played a significant part. The National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW) and the All India Women's Conference (AIWC) are examples of organisations that are exclusively for women. Women were debating topics such as the extent of women's political engagement, women's voting rights, social honours, and party - Dhondo Keshav Karve, a social reformer, launched the first women's university, SNDT Women's University, on June 2, 1916, with only five - Sarojini Naidu was elected president of the Indian National Congress for the first time as a woman in 1925. - In 1927, the All India Women's Conference was established. - Under Indian law, child marriage was banned in 1929, and the legal age of marriage for women was established at 14 years. Right after India gained its independence in 1947, feminist agendas and activities waned as nationalist organisations focused on nation-building grabbed the lead. These groups opposed "colonial interference," and in the middle to end of the nineteenth century, there was a national form of opposition to any attempts by the British to "modernise" the Hindu family. This includes the Age of Consent dispute that arose after the British attempted to raise the age of marriage for women to prevent children from being coerced into marriage and engaging in sexual actions. Through their involvement in the battle for independence, women in independent India gained a critical awareness of their place and rights. In the 1970s, women tried to overturn existing injustices by challenging them. These injustices included the underpayment of women, the confinement of women to "unskilled" fields of employment, and the use of women as a reserve labour force. The goal was to end the practice of using women for free as what amounted to cheap labour. Women also started to recognise the disparities within power structures, including caste, tribe, language, religion, region, and class, in addition to those between genders. As a result, they started making efforts to ensure that meeting the needs of one group did not result in further disparities Early in the twenty-first decade, the focus of the Indian woman expanded beyond seeing women as contributing members of society and as having a right to parity to include having the authority to direct the path of their own life and the right to self-determination. - To outlaw, the trafficking of young girls and women, the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act was passed in 1956. - The Dowry Prohibition Act, established by the Indian government in 1961, outlaws the use of dowries as part of wedding preparations. - Indira Gandhi was inaugurated as India's first female prime minister in 1966. She led India's government for four years totalling three terms (1980�1984) after having held the position for three terms in a row - In India, the Equal Remuneration Act was established in 1976, outlawing sex-based pay discrimination. - The Indian Penal Code was amended in 2013 by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, making sexual harassment an express offence under Section 354 A, punishable by up to three years in jail and/or a fine. The Amendment also added new provisions establishing offences out of actions like stripping a woman without her consent, stalking, and engaging in sexual activities with someone in power. - To stop sexual harassment of women at work, the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act went into effect in December 2013. - The Indian government said that female fighter pilots will be allowed to join the Indian Air Force in 2015. (IAF) - In 2016, a Delhi High Court decision that said the "Karta" of a Hindu Undivided Family might be the oldest female member became public. - The Supreme Court of India said in 2020 that female officers in the Indian Army are eligible for command positions on an equal basis with male Role Of the Judiciary In Recognizing Women's Rights Throughout history, gender equality has been a nebulous idea hampered by social barriers that took a devilish glee in repressing women's rights. Even the legal system continued to be ignorant about women's rights. The inherent and normal shyness and delicacy that belong to the female sex make it unsuited for many of the vocations of civic life, according to Justice Bradley of the US Supreme Court in Bradwell v. State of Illinois The lofty and benevolent offices of wife and mother are the everlasting destiny and vocation of a woman. The Creator's law is included in this. The U.S. Supreme Court recognised the significance of women's roles in society as early as 1908 when it declared in Muller v. Oregon that "It is apparent that a woman's physical structure and the discharge of maternity duties place her at a disadvantage for sustenance." Women have always depended on men, as history The numerous types of control he developed over her have persisted to the day, but with lessening intensity. But until the second part of the 20th century, little had changed regarding the position of women. The state may enact specific legislation for the protection of women's and children's rights under Article 15(3) of the Constitution. Because "women's physical structure and the performance of maternal functions place her at a disadvantage in the struggle for subsistence and [her] physical well-being] becomes an object of public interest and care to preserve the strength and vigour of the race," such laws were passed. The Supreme Court ruled in Air India v. Nargesh Meerza that Air India's policy of terminating an air hostess if she became pregnant within four years of employment was arbitrary and unconstitutional. This was the first case in India involving women's rights. This decision will go down in the annals of women's rights as an advocate for organisations to control the working conditions of women on an equal footing with those of men. No matter a woman's religion, the declining state of women's rights in India has a strong connection to the mediaeval period and British rule, which, in attempting to create a secular society with secular laws, made a direct attack on diversity, heterogeneity, and religious beliefs of Indian society. This paradox in the colonial mission, in which women of different religions experienced significant inequalities in legal rights and political action, is directly responsible for the development of modern India. History has consistently demonstrated the significance of gender-neutral legislation, which has resulted in several modifications to the social structure of society. In this nation, there is a close relationship between the law and religion since the two are interdependent, with the former receiving its legal support from the latter. This article explored the role of various immigrants, from the historical to contemporary periods, who have significantly influenced the nation's current legal system. It recognised gender as one form of reference and difference that intersects with various forms of experiences, such as religion, caste, status, - Narender Aggarwal, Gender Justice Ideology and the Indian Constitution: Analysing Equality Rights, 4 Indian J.L. & Just. 111 (2013). - Equal Remuneration Act 1979 - Indian Penal Code 1860 - 83 US 130 (1973) - 208 U.S. 412 - (1981) 4 SCC 335

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Moscow State University . It is the largest and oldest university in the current Russian Federation, founded on January 25, 1755. In 1940 the university was renamed, this time after its founder, the scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. It is located in Moscow. Moscow University was created on 25 January of of 1755 by Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov, by a decree of Empress Elisabeta Petrovna, since on this date marks the day of and day students from the University of Moscow. In its beginnings, the university occupied the pharmacy building on Red Square. Under Lomonosov’s project, they established three faculties: law, philosophy, and medicine. The university stood out for its democratic character, students of any social class could attend, except the peasants. In the beginning, the studies were free, a condition that was only maintained for students from poor families. Later the library was opened, which for more than a century served as the only public library in Moscow. In the years 1786-1793 the new building of the university was founded, which later suffered damages. After the triumph of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the university was considered an institute and underwent some changes in its structure. Later it takes the name of its founder – Milhaíl Vasílievich Lomonosov. In the years 1950-1970 in the Vorobievy Mountains they built an entire university complex where the faculties of natural and technical sciences were transferred. Gradually international relations developed, Moscow State University became a great scientific center, where undergraduate and undergraduate courses were taught to students. In June of 1992 by order of the President of the Russian Federation, the university was recognized eat the Autonomous institution of higher education. This university enjoys great prestige with an annual income of a great mass of students and whose professors are recognized with various awards. Leading figures graduated from this university such as: Decembrists A. and N. Muraviev, S. Trubetskoy, P. Kakhovsky, writers D. Phonvizin, V. Jukovsky, A. Griboedov, M. Lermontov, V. Belinsky, A. Gertsen, A. Chekhov, theater masters V. Nemirovitch-Danchenko and E. Vakhtangov. The MGU has 29 faculties, 15 scientific research institutes, 4 museums, 350 chairs, Scientific Park, Botanical Garden, Library, Editorial, Typography, Cultural Center, School of Internal Students. The building that occupies the University was designed by Lev Vladimirovich Rúdnev. It is the largest of seven great neoclassical towers ordered to be built by Stalin, being the tallest building in Europe. The main tower measures 240 m and has 36 floors. The star at the top of the tower is large enough to house a small room and an observation deck weighing 12 tons. The building’s facades are adorned with giant clocks, barometers and thermometers as well as Soviet statues and symbols. In front of the tower are sculptures of two male and female students confidently observing the future. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. The Gubkin University named after geologist Ivan Gubkin, is a powerful Russian research center and a source of labor for the Russian industry oil and gas. According to the proportion of income from the research budget, the University is in the first place among the universities of Russian industry. Its main strategic objective is to train professionals who satisfy both national and international demands. This university has a very rich and deep history beginning its work in 1930 receiving foreign students since 1947 with a record of more than 5000 graduates who are employed around the world. Relationship with oil companies This academic entity has a very close relationship with Russian oil and energy companies known around the world, such as: Gazprom JSC, Gazprom Neft, JSC NC Rosneft, JSC Lukoil, RITEC, JSC Transneft among others, it also has cooperation agreements with companies internationals such as BP or Schlumberger and Halliburton. In 2016, the first 18 Cuban Masters in Oil and Gas graduated from a joint project between Russia and Cuba executed by the Russian Rosneft Company, the Cuba-Petroleum Union and the Russian State University.

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What are sophisticated users? Sophisticated users are those who have their own way of accessing the database. This means they do not use the application program provided in the system. Instead, they might define their own application or describe their need directly by using query languages. Who are the users in database? Database users are the one who really use and take the benefits of database. There will be different types of users depending on their need and way of accessing the database. Application Programmers – They are the developers who interact with the database by means of DML queries. What are the 4 types of database? Four types of database management systems hierarchical database systems. network database systems. object-oriented database systems. What are the 3 types of database? - Hierarchical databases. - Network databases. - Object-oriented databases. - Relational databases. - NoSQL databases.

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Why do Greeks use so much olive oil?While olives and olive oil may not originate in Greece, it still has a rich history there. The ancient Greeks used olive oil not only in their cooking, but in many other facets of their lives -their sports, health, in rituals, and as a status symbol. The olive tree and its fruit were considered sacred. What country eats the most olive oil?Global consumption Greece has by far the largest per capita consumption of olive oil worldwide, around 24 liters per year. Why is Greek food so oily?It's all about olive oil Greek food uses lashings of olive oil in everything, giving it a wonderful subtle flavour and silky texture (not greasy, it is used more as a condiment than for cooking). Why do Mediterraneans drink olive oil?Olive oil's role in the Mediterranean diet isn't limited to its taste; its health benefits are profound. Consuming it daily can bolster digestive health and bone strength, thanks to its rich monounsaturated fat content. Can I eat too much olive oil? | Ask Dr. Gundry Is 2 tablespoons of olive oil a day too much?Studies show that the consumption of just 2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil a day is enough to dramatically impact your health. Sounds pretty incredible, doesn't it? Especially when you consider that it tastes amazing and as much of a treat as many of your favourite foods. What happens when you drink olive oil on an empty stomach in the morning?Because of its host of benefits, it's a great way to start off your day. Not only that, but drinking olive oil on an empty stomach will help to coat and neutralize your stomach walls, and have a larger impact on your digestion and bowl movements that day. Why are Greeks so healthy?The foundation of this Mediterranean and Greek diet lies in the eating habits of the people in these regions. The Mediterranean diet is based around fruits and vegetables, as well as whole grains and lean proteins. The occasional piece of red meat can be seen but is not as common as fish and chicken. Is Greek food the healthiest in the world?The Greek diet is regarded as one of the healthiest in the world because it's based largely on fruit and vegetables, whole grains, fish, and a small amount of cheese and yogurt. When many people think of Greek food, pastitso, moussaka, souvlaki and baklava come to mind. Does olive oil go bad?The good news is that Olive Oils' shelf life is much longer than the average product and some Olive Oils can last up to 18-24 months before becoming unappetizing. However, Extra Virgin Olive Oil tends to last a shorter period, usually around 12-18 months. What does olive oil do to your skin?Olive Oil's Benefits for Skin Olive oil is packed with healthy vitamins, fats, and antioxidants, and these components can contribute to healthier-looking skin. It moisturizes skin by locking in moisture, and its antioxidants can help to improve signs of aging. Is best olive oil from Greece or Italy?Greek olive oil is celebrated for its unique flavor and exceptional quality, while Italian olive oil is known for its robust taste and exquisite craftsmanship. Both oils have a long history deeply intertwined with their respective cultures, making them culinary treasures that have stood the test of time. What did the Greeks call olive oil?Olive oil was used to produce both medicine and cosmetics: Hippocrates called it “the great healer” and Homer “liquid gold”, Galen praised it for its positive effects on health. How do Greeks eat olive oil?In Greece, olive oil is used on salads, but the largest use of olive oil is during cooking. While other countries use olive oil raw and mainly for drizzling on salads or bread, Greeks actually cook with olive oil sautéing, roasting and frying with it. Why did Greeks bathe in olive oil?Greeks and Romans, before the advent of soap, would bathe using olive oil lather, scraping it off with a strigil (a small handheld curved blade). Wealthier households would scent the olive oils with perfumes before bathing. Olive oil was used by Olympians (especially wrestlers) to slicken up the skin. What is the biggest health problem in Greece?Several public health threats are associated with specific lifestyle choices of the Greek public; as published in the State of Health in the EU-Greece Country health profile 2019, smoking, alcohol consumption and unhealthy diet were associated with 40% of mortality, including an increase in mortality due to lung, ... Why is obesity a problem in Greece?These countries also were fairly active which helps to keep them healthy. Today's European countries are moving away from this Mediterranean lifestyle and towards a more Western way of life. Indulging on the fast foods and limited daily activity are to blame on for this increase in obesity in Greece. Why Greeks are so intelligent?Ancient Greeks believed that wisdom and intelligence were important. They strived to make decisions based on information, not ignorance. Greek philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, advocated for engagement with thoughtful and knowledgeable citizens. What are 5 main foods the Greeks ate?The main foods the Ancient Greeks ate were bread, made from wheat, and porridge, made from barley. They used lots of olive oil to cook and add flavor to dishes. They also ate a range of vegetables, including chickpeas, olives, onions, garlic, and cabbage. What food do Greeks eat the most?Greek diet mostly relies on its produce of the country: fresh, seasonal fruits, vegetables, grains, pulses, legumes, goats, sheep, fresh fish, and, of course, the ever present olive oil. Cheeses and yogurts are also fundamental. Eating is focal in Greek culture. It is around the dining table everything is shared. What does a typical Greek eat in a day? Table of Contents - Breakfast. Eliopsomo. Pischies. Bougatsa. - Lunch. Moussaka. Mesimeriano. Gyros. - Dinner. Souvlaki. Spanakopita. - Dessert. Honey and baklava. Melomakarona. Diples.

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Question – What is the difference between Ductile Iron (DI) and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)? Answer – Many things, but some groups may attempt to “muddy the waters” with inaccurate information regarding the two materials. With the information that follows, we will take a closer look at what really separates Ductile iron pipe (DI pipe) from PVC pipe and why it matters. Click the red play button in the image below to view a helpful video on the advantages of DI over PVC. What’s In a Name and What Does Ductile Mean? Ductile iron pipe is a flexible conduit - Ductile means flexible! Because DI pipe is flexible, this means it is less likely to shear under stress from normal soil pressure or ground shifts that occur throughout the life cycle of your water system. Ductile iron is primarily made from recycled iron and steel scrap. DI pipe is recyclable and has no end of life. PVC is made from chlorine (derived from salt) and carbon (predominantly derived from oil and gas via ethylene). PVC pipe is weak or fragile when compared to the strength of DI pipe. The recycled content of PVC is nearly zero and PVC can only be down-cycled. In addition, PVC is derived from vinyl chloride monomer which is a Group A Human Carcinogen. It is made rigid by the addition of a stabilizer, and at one time, the PVC industry used lead as a stabilizer. Today, PVC manufacturers use organotins that may pose health risks, but some foreign manufacturers continue to use lead. When It Matters! A recent water pipe project at a major university involved installing dual 36-inch DI pipelines underneath a critical building on campus. The lines were installed to transport water to a chiller system to cool other buildings. The piping material selected for this project was Ductile iron because of its ability to withstand ground shift and heavy pressures from the structure that rests above it. PVC, being weak in nature, tends to burst into small pieces due to heavy pressures versus stronger materials such as DI that will not obliterate. PVC failures also have a history of being catastrophic. That is, not just a loss of some water or water pressure but a TOTAL LOSS of water. This instability is a severe issue for seismic prone areas. Not only is there a threat of damage from earthquakes, but also vulnerability to destruction from fires that typically follow the earthquakes. If there’s no water, there’s no fire protection. PVC pipe can also be adversely affected in areas prone to wildfires. For example, the City of Santa Rosa, California estimates the repair of the contaminated Fountain Grove water system could take up to two years. Test results conducted on PVC pipelines indicated they absorbed benzene and other chemicals, resulting in an advisory to residents to not drink or bathe in the water. Replacement costs are estimated at more than $43 million dollars. DI pipe is impermeable and protects the water supply from toxic infiltration. The C909-16 Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride Standard states that polyvinyl chloride may be subject to permeation by low molecular weight organic solvents or petroleum products. Why take a chance with a permeable material? Would you trust plastic on a bridge? Didn't think so. DI pipe is an excellent choice for high-profile projects such as bridge installations. DI pipe possesses expansion and contraction capabilities required for such constructions. There is no trench support on a bridge to handle PVC pipe versus DI pipe, which does not require trench support. There are many above-ground installations on bridges and piers where DI pipe excels. Penstocks are installations involving the redirection of streams down a mountain to a power plant. These lines are often subject to extremely high internal pressures due to the elevation changes and head pressure. The physical properties of DI pipe shine again versus the weaker PVC pipe for high-profile installations. Fire hydrants give us a sense of security, knowing brave firefighters have the equipment available to protect us. Have you ever seen a fire hydrant made of PVC? I didn't think so. Fire hydrants are made of Ductile iron. The hydrant standpipe is made of Ductile iron as well. There are times when a section of pipe between the DI is installed with PVC with the presumption of “saving money.” However, PVC is typically not connected directly to the hydrant section due to potential thrust forces in that area. DI pipe is non-combustible and can withstand the stress caused by fires. In an emergency, it can be counted on to provide a safe and reliable supply of water for firefighting. On the other hand, PVC pipe is combustible. Polyvinyl Chloride, of all the plastic polymers, has been implicated primarily in causing the most severe problem in firefighting today because PVC releases hydrogen chloride gas when as it melts in a fire. Many plastics produce large volumes of pulmonary irritant gases when burned. The firefighter is at fatal risk if he does not know that plastic covered cable is involved in a fire. (U.S. EPA) I wish I had a nickel for every time a Municipal Operator has mentioned how many PVC leaks must be repaired the same month the hydrants are exercised. Just a coincidence? No, it’s not. Municipal Operators are trained to slowly open and close valves on the hydrants to reduce the potential for a surge. Firefighters – on the other hand – are clearly focused on THE FIRE. What are the odds that firefighters are going to carefully and gently open or close the valve on a fire hose during the fire? The same surges are present when opening or closing the hydrant valve and are detrimental to products that cannot handle a surge. The maximum allowable surge pressure for PVC is based on an operating temperature of 73 degrees Fahrenheit. We all know waterlines will not always operate at 73 degrees Fahrenheit. The PVC material is more susceptible to surge as temperature varies. Allowance is also based on a minor velocity change of 1.0 feet/second. PVC also has a "Time to Failure Rate." That's correct, the clock is ticking as soon as PVC is placed into service. See our down-loadable comparison sheet for more details on this. Ductile iron pipelines are the only material to be included in the International Seismic Design Standards. DI pipe, being a flexible conduit with high tensile strength, provides a product with the ability to flex during seismic activity versus brittle materials that are subject to shear during the same seismic event. Expansion joints may also be installed to provide expansion and contraction of axial movements. Restraint systems available with DI pipe provide a system that is independently strong and does not rely on ground surfaces for stability. Another potential installation in areas susceptible to ground shifts is the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) method. This process involves boring a path underground and installing DI pipe below an area that has been reclaimed or is subject to slipping. For an efficient and easy way to check horizontal drilling calculations, download the McWane Pocket Engineer. We developed this handy app to allow engineers and contractors to do their job by quickly providing critical calculations in the field that would otherwise take valuable time to compute. It's FREE and designed to work on any mobile device. Flow / Volume Considerations Water systems achieve maximum flow by using Ductile iron pipe. The strength of DI pipe provides an opportunity for larger Inside Diameters (ID) that result in additional flow. Because it is a weaker material, a 30-inch PVC pipe is needed to match the same ID as a 24-inch DI pipe. Therefore, additional costs must be included for a larger trench and the up-sizing of valves and fittings. The C Factor is a value used to indicate the smoothness of the interior of a pipe. The PVC industry contends that the C Factor is an issue for DI pipe. However, that is simply not the case with modern, cement-mortar lined DI pipe. Laminar Flow is the real key to flow, not the C factor. Essentially, Laminar Flow is when the fluid flows through the middle of the pipe, reducing the significance of the C Factor as a contributing factor. The Type I or Type II trench is used for Ductile iron pipe installation versus a Type IV or V trench required for PVC pipe. Type IV or V trench is required for PVC pipe due to the compaction that must be achieved to support the weaker material. Compacting the soil takes extra time and additional equipment. The soil must be compacted to 80 to 90 percent of initial soil density for a Type IV or V trench. It is very challenging to compact to 90 percent with optimal conditions. The same size trench must be excavated for an 8-inch pipe regardless of the pipe materials used. Check out this helpful blog by my colleague Gary Gula, McWane Ductile Sales Representative, that discusses the various trench types for DI pipeline installation. Joint deflection is another area where Ductile iron pipe prevails. DI pipe joints can be deflected by up to 5 degrees. PVC pipe can not be deflected at the joints. Rather, deflection is achieved by bending the pipe. Bending the pipe and adding stress increases the odds of failure or a safety issue later. There have been multiple cases of PVC pipe failing during live tapping. Over-belling is an installation issue often experienced by many contractors while installing PVC. This practice tends to apply excessive stress on the PVC bell, which typically fails, resulting in leaks. A bell clamp can be installed behind the PVC bell to support the bell and alleviate this issue. Of course, this bell clamp is made of Ductile iron. Ductile iron pipe reduces installation costs due to the ability to direct tap. Tapping saddles or sleeves are required to tap PVC, which adds more costs. A popular event at water industry conventions is the tapping contest. Operators race against the clock and compete to determine who has the best crew. It is an exciting event, and operators are proud to be victors. What kind of pipe do you think is used for these tapping contests? That's right: DI pipe. To see this contest in action, hop on over to our ACE’18 Pipe Tapping Contest post where you can watch the AWWA’s 2018 teams compete for the fastest time. When all considerations are listed, it is impressive to see all the differences and advantages of specifying DI pipe versus PVC pipe. Many facts and examples have been provided here, and there are still numerous others. When calculating strength, durability, longevity, and safety, the obvious choice for the water industry professional designer is Ductile iron pipe. For even more facts and figure regarding DI pipe versus PVC pipe, check out these PDF downloads: Need Assistance with Your Waterworks Project? We have team members who’ve managed small and large water utility systems, served in engineering consulting firms, and bring decades of experience in solving field issues involving pipeline construction and operation. From design to submittal, to installation, we strive to provide education and assistance to water professionals throughout the water and wastewater industry. Check Out All Our Digital Offerings - Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association, “Ductile Iron Pipe, The Smart, Sustainable Solution,” Published December 2015. - OXY Occidental Chemical Corporation, “Product Stewardship Summary Vinyl Chloride Monomer,” Revised February 2013. - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Science Information Management Branch Health Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs, “Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential,” Published 2018 - American Water Works Association, “AWWA Standard C909-16 Molecularly Oriented Polyvinyl Chloride (PVCO) Pressure Pipe, 4 Inch (100 MM) and Larger,” Published 2016 - The Madison Group, Plastic Consulting Engineers, “Case Study – Failure of PVC Pipe,” Accessed March 2020 - News Deeply - Water Deeply, “After Deadly Wildfire, a New Problem for Santa Rosa: Contaminated Water,” Accessed March 2020 - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO), Journal of the American Medical Association “Polyvinyl Chloride Toxicity in Fires: Hydrogen Chloride Toxicity in Fire Fighters,” Accessed March 2020

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How fast do astronauts move while spacewalking?Jared Olson: Their speed is limited mainly by how often they have to do "tether swaps." To prevent floating away, astronauts must have a tether attached to a handrail at all times in addition to their safety tether line, which moves along with them and extends to a max length. So you attach to the next handrail, detach from the previous, move to the end and repeat. As Calvin Sissel mentioned, their path is planned out and rehearsed and they are trained to move slowly and deliberately. His 0.5 m/s is a good top estimate. If there was an emergency, they could detach their other tethers and simply pull themselves along their safety tether back to the airlock as fast as they could go hand over hand. When they enter the foot restraint on the station robotic arm and are moved around by it, the arm programming is set to limit its max movement rate to less than eight inches per second. While, theoretically, things could be done faster, everything is done very slowly to minimize risk. This post originally appeared on Quora. Click here to view.

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Heroin Addiction Treatment in Ontario What Is Heroin?Heroin is a drug that comes from a flower, the opium poppy, which usually grows in Mexico, Asia, and South America. It’s very addictive. It can look like a white or brown powder, or a sticky black “tar.” It’s also called horse, smack, junk, and brown sugar. How Heroin Is UsedMany people smoke or snort heroin. Most users inject it into their veins. That’s the most dangerous way to take it, because it’s easier to overdose and you can catch a disease from a dirty needle. No matter how you take it, heroin gets to your brain quickly. It’s also easy to get addicted. Even after you use it just one or two times, it can be hard to stop yourself from using again. Right after you take heroin, you get a rush of good feelings and happiness. Then, for several hours, you feel as if the world has slowed down. You think slowly and may walk slowly. Some users say you feel like you’re in a dream. Heroin blocks your body from getting pain messages and slows your heart rate and breathing. If you overdose, you may stop breathing and die. Many people start using heroin to deal with anxiety, worries, and other stressors. One study found that 75% of users had mental health issues such as depression, ADHD, or bipolar disorder. One thing that plays a role in the rise is the growing abuse of prescription painkillers such as oxycodone and hydrocodone, which are also made from the poppy plant and are chemically related to heroin. People who misuse these drugs may start looking for a stronger, cheaper high. Heroin is both. But it’s also more dangerous. There’s no way to know what you’re taking or how strong it is. The U.S. heroin overdose death rate rose nearly 400% between 2010 and 2017. Some of these deaths happen because heroin is laced with other drugs, such as the powerful painkiller fentanyl. What Are the Effects of Heroin? Short-term effects of heroin include: A dry mouth Warm, flushed skin Arms and legs that feel heavy Upset stomach and vomiting A fuzzy brain Switching in and out of drowsiness (this is often called being “on the nod”) Long-term heroin use can lead to: Infections of your heart lining and valves Skin infections like abscesses and cellulitis A higher chance of getting HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C Liver and kidney disease Lung diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis Menstrual problems and miscarriage Heroin Addiction and WithdrawalHeroin is very addictive. Many people who take it develop a use disorder. This means it causes health problems, disabilities, and trouble at home, work, or school. If you use heroin a lot, your body builds up a tolerance to it. But that doesn’t mean it won’t harm you. It means you need to take more and more to get the same high. Your body comes to depend on it. Then, when you quit using it, you have withdrawal symptoms that may include: Vomiting and diarrhea Bone and muscle pain Leg movements that you can’t control Heroin Addiction TreatmentYour medical team can help you find the treatment plan that works best for you. It will probably include medication and behavioral therapy. Experts say this medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is the “gold standard” of care for people who have heroin addiction. Medications can make it easier to wean your body off heroin and reduce cravings. Buprenorphine and methadone work in a similar way to heroin, binding to cells in your brain called opioid receptors. These medicines are safer and longer-lasting than heroin. Naltrexone blocks those receptors so opioids like heroin don’t have any effect. This makes using them less enjoyable. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps you pay attention to the things you think and do when it comes to drug use. It gives you ways to better cope with stress and other triggers.

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Coloring Pages of Animals for Kids 🐰 Coloring pages of animals for kids – download as PDF for print. Edit the animals coloring book template online with MockoFun. Modify the colors, the text, the fonts or add other illustrations from our Elements gallery and download the animals coloring book pdf. Use this template 🦉🦝🐰 [FREE] Coloring Pages of Animals for Kids These are easy coloring pages of animals for kids with editable text. You have also the animal colored version. The animal illustrations are vector based, so you can resize and also edit the colors. If you are looking for coloring pages of animals for kids printable, you are in the right place. Here at MockoFun we have lots of coloring pages with themes for all ages. The coloring pages of animals for kids PDF has the size: 8.27×11.69″ (21×29.7cm) which is the A4 paper. If you need the easy animal coloring pages in other file format or other size for print, it is easy to do that. For example, from the bottom right menu you can edit the size of the document. From the Download menu you can choose a PDF file, PNG file, JPG file and even SVG file if you are premium user. These animals colouring pages are great for young kids and toddlers. The text that you see is editable so if you want to write the text in other language you can do that. The animals colouring pages usually do not include text, so you can choose to hide or delete the text. In MockoFun we have over 800 free online fonts if you want to get creative. In the coloring pages with animals template are included the following images: - 🐰 Rabbit coloring page - 🦝 Raccoon coloring page - 🦌 Deer coloring page - 🐻 Bear coloring page - 🦉 Owl coloring page - 🐿️ Squirrel coloring page Cute animals to color are great for different projects that you can do with your kid at home or at school. Print the animals worksheet to color on individual pages or make a small coloring book. You can even add a small description for each animal so that the kids to also learn something new. In the preview you have the animals images to color. If you want you can add other pictures from our gallery. Or, you can use our AI image generator to create new and unique coloring pages. Make your own animals book to color with your kids! Animals images for colouring are loved by toddlers. Animals are fascinating and diverse, sparking curiosity and imagination in children as they explore the various shapes, sizes, and colors these creatures come in. This animals coloring book is great if you want to prepare coloring activities for kids in school or at home. So, this freebie is useful for teachers and parents alike. Download the free printable coloring pages for kids. Animal coloring for toddlers is an activity that allows kids to experiment with different hues and patterns while bringing their favorite animals to life. The template includes 6 coloring pages of animals for kids. As a tip, if you reduce the opacity of the images, you can create easy tracing drawing sheets. Your kids will first draw the animal and then will color it.

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Anorectal Malformation and Long-Term Care: Meeting the Needs of Individual Patients Feb 18, 2019 What Are Anorectal Malformations? The term anorectal malformation (ARM) refers to a congenital anomaly where the anal opening is in the incorrect location, too small, or opening into another structure in the pelvis. The anal canal contains many nerves that allow us to feel gas and stool and anal sphincter muscles allow us to hold in stool. In a child with an anorectal malformation the nerves of the anal canal do not develop properly and the anal opening either does not develop at all or develops in the wrong spot. There are several different types of anorectal malformations, some which are more complex than others. The more complex types of ARMs also involve the urinary system for boys and both the urinary and reproductive systems for girls. How Are Anorectal Malformations Treated? Once a child has been diagnosed with an ARM, the first line of treatment is surgery to fix the anal opening so that it is in the correct spot, as well as repair any urologic or gynecologic problems. While the initial surgery repairs the child’s anatomy, patients require lifelong management. What Does Long Term Treatment of a Child With ARM Look Like? The specific management for an ARM patient will depend on the individual child. Some children with anorectal malformations have difficulty feeling and controlling stool even after their anus is repaired. Children with ARM also can have slow moving colons that cause chronic constipation. Others have shorter, fast moving colons that make stool more difficult to control. Children with more complex types of ARMs may also have problems with their kidneys, bladder, and reproductive systems as well, even after surgery. The most frequent issues that require long-term care include constipation, incontinence (stool and/or urinary accidents), urologic problems, reproductive health-related care and ongoing psychosocial care. Long-term management includes: Constipation management with a combination of x-rays and medication or enemas. Treatment of incontinence with medications and/or enemas. Those with long-term enema needs, may choose to have procedure so that the enema can be given retroactively (through the top of the colon instead of the rectum). Long term monitoring of kidney growth and function with kidney ultrasounds and lab work. Management of bladder dysfunction with routine testing and medication. Treatment of urinary incontinence with medications and/or special exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. Some patients will also benefit from additional surgery to help them empty their bladder safely and keep them dry. Watching for signs of puberty, like breast development, and monitoring girls as they move through puberty and have their first period. Their uterus may be evaluated with a pelvic ultrasound once puberty has stimulated its development. Menstruation is monitored closely to make sure it happens at the correct time and that all of the menstrual blood is able to come out through the vagina; making sure there is no obstruction to menstrual flow. Ensuring patients have education and support regarding sexual functioning and contraception. Counseling about pregnancy considerations, including the importance of pregnancy planning, optimizing health with preconceptual care, and consideration of the safest delivery options. Patients with ARMs will likely also need support from psychosocial specialists to deal with the unique daily challenges they face and they benefit greatly from being involved in support networks with others who share their diagnosis. Dr. Wood completed fellowship training in Cape Town, South Africa. In 2014, he joined the CCPR team at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Many of his surgical cases are for complex problems, such as cloacal malformations, vaginal replacement, and reoperations for ARM and hirschsprung disease. Sarah Driesbach, CPN, APN Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Sarah Driesbach serves as an advance practitioner nurse at The Center for The Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction (CCPR) at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Sarah utilizes her diverse background and experiences caring for patients with complex colorectal and urological conditions. Sarah joined the CCPR Team in 2017. Geri Hewitt, MD Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Geri D. Hewitt, MD, is chief of the Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and an associate professor of clinical obstetrics in the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. Daniel DaJusta, MD Daniel G. DaJusta, MD, is a surgeon in the Section of Urology and the Director of Urologic Surgery for the Center for Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Browse by Author About this Blog Pediatric News You Can Use From America’s Largest Pediatric Hospital and Research Center 700 Children’s® features the most current pediatric health care information and research from our pediatric experts – physicians and specialists who have seen it all. Many of them are parents and bring a special understanding to what our patients and families experience. If you have a child – or care for a child – 700 Children’s was created especially for you.

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Sleeping between 6 and 8 hours a night is the recommendation to ensure health and longevity. Often, however, this is not possible and it is at this point that physical activity comes in handy, by counteracting the harmful effects of unhealthy sleep. This is what emerges from a very recent scientific research that appeared in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology and published by a group of Chinese scientists (Liang et al, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, March 2023). Physical activity and sleep, two tools to increase longevity We all sleep and we all move but how we do it can determine, for better or for worse, the state of our health. In fact, avoiding a sedentary lifestyle and regularly practicing moderate physical activity can reduce the risk of disease and premature death by 70%. As far as sleep is concerned, a good restorative sleep lasting 6-8 hours per night is protective for health and increases longevity. However, sleeping less than 6 hours a night or, conversely, more than 8 hours has been shown to increase the risk of disease and premature death. However, it is not always possible to guarantee the right number of hours of sleep. Just think of those who have a very demanding job, those who travel often or those who have sleep problems, but also those who, on the contrary, are used to sleeping many hours. What to do in these cases? Help comes from physical activity. The research we are talking about today managed, for the first time, to understand the health effects of physical activity in the event of unhealthy sleep habits and did so based not on data reported by the volunteers themselves through questionnaires but on data collected objectively and scientifically. But let's try to understand better. Physical activity undoes harmful effects of poor sleep habits, the study Researchers recruited 92 221 adults, who had already joined the UK Biobank, a large study that started in 2006 and is still ongoing with the purpose of collecting data on lifestyle and health to understand the causes of the development of diseases. Therefore, the state of health and its evolution over time was known for all the participants in the study. Volunteers were asked to wear an accelerometer for a week to track daily physical activity and sleep time. What has emerged from the comparison of the data and from the observation of the volunteers over the years is that in sedentary people who sleep less than 6 hours a night or more than 8 hours there is an increased risk of developing fatal diseases, in average this increase was 25%. Therefore this is further evidence that poor sleep habits can increase the risk of developing diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or cancer, and reduce longevity. However, this increased risk of getting sick disappears, as observed by the study in question, if instead one chooses an active lifestyle, which includes more than 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, or more than 75 minutes a week of more vigorous physical activity, such as a run. Doing physical activity, even just a brisk walk for just 20 minutes a day, is always good for the body and mood. From today we know that this type of physical exercise, moderate or more intense, can counteract the damage that wrong habits regarding night rest, such as sleeping too little or too long, can cause in terms of diseases and reduced longevity. Walking, running, cycling or swimming, all of these activities, if done on a regular basis, can reduce the risk of illness and premature death, protect health and increase longevity.

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NASA's most complex and expensive program to study Mars faces the risk of never seeing the light of day. Talking about the MSR program (Mars sample return), a mission aimed at bringing samples from Mars to Earth. Unfortunately, the MSR status is currently suspended, a status which, if unresolved, could result in indefinite delay or cancellation. De facto. The MSR was scheduled to cost less than five billion dollars, and the first probe was scheduled to launch in 2026. After spending more than three billion dollars, the first component of the MSR in charge of NASA will not launch until 2030 and is estimated to cost between 8 and 11 billion dollars in total. Let's remember that the MSR, in fact, consists of three different probes, the Perseverance rover – which, as we all know, is already on Mars collecting samples – the SRL probe, also from NASA, and the European Orbiter ERO. srl (Sample retrieval lander) It will be a large probe equipped with a MAV rocket that will carry an OS container with samples and place it in Mars orbit, where it will be collected by the ERO probe (European return vehicle) from the European Space Agency, which will transport them to Earth, where they will land inside a capsule. Of course, such deployment of means is not cheap. As a result, the MSR mission suffered several reductions, most notably the cancellation of the European SFR vehicle (Sample fetch rover), which was scheduled to travel aboard the SRL probe to collect Perseverance samples. The increase in the mass of the SRL probe led to this decision because, otherwise, it would have been necessary to increase the size of the heat shield above 4.5 meters from that used on Curiosity and Perseverance (or launch just one more additional probe with the rover). Under the new plan, NASA will keep informed that Perseverance will still be operational when the SRL lands, and if not, two SRH helicopters will be used (Sample recovery helicopter) as a Plan B to remove samples left on Earth by Perseverance in case this eventuality occurs. However, the increase in costs also forced the cancellation of one of the two helicopters. Furthermore, after years of development, the exact design of the OS and CCRS sample container remained unresolved (Capture, containment and return system), which are two critical elements of the mission. The operating system container will be launched by the MAV and should wait in Mars orbit until it is recovered by ERO (the European lander should lift off a year before the SRL), so, despite its small size, it should be possible to detect it in orbit by 2018. A probe traveling from Earth that is able to survive re-entry into Earth's atmosphere at escape velocity inside a specific capsule. Given the escalating cost of the programme, a damning independent report on the project was published in September 2023, which mainly criticized its utter lack of realism. This was neither more nor less than the second independent report for this assignment, which is highly unusual for a project still in Phase B. The report concluded that the SRL launch date, which had already been postponed from 2026 to 2028, was simply impossible to achieve, but it also saw the probability of it launching in the next launch window, 2030, as very low (meaning the samples would reach Earth in 2035). instead of 2033). The report strongly criticized the lack of specificity in the design of the OS container and the CCRS system and suggested giving greater freedom to European partners when designing the ERO probe and its associated capsule (the CCRS system containing the samples in ERO is by NASA's Goddard Center). A separate discussion, not addressed in the report, is that the decision-making authority at the highest level of these European partners in this very expensive project is somewhat nullified; It is not a trivial matter, because the cost of MSR may prevent the European Space Agency from one day being able to launch a probe to place the Rosalind Franklin rover on the surface of the Red Planet. The report acknowledges the negative impact of the pandemic and the war in Ukraine, which, in the case of Europe, prevented the release of Rosalind Franklin. The report also criticized the complex organization of the MSR, a program run by JPL, but in which several NASA centers, such as Goddard and Marshall, as well as the European Space Agency, are involved (several centers were involved not only for technical reasons, but to give political solidity to the project). All this entails enormous expenditures derived from coordination between various organizations, countries and subcontractors. Another point of criticism is the architecture chosen, which was designed in such a way that time played against it (the probes should be launched as soon as possible to take advantage of the fact that Perseverance is still active and to avoid the dust storm season on Mars. Since the SRL was solar panels, RTGs are like that beloved—, as well as to reduce the degradation of the solid fuel of the MAV). It is important to know that MSR is a project funded separately from NASA's Mars Exploration Program (MEP), which allows it to receive funds without having to compete with other Mars missions, although it clearly impacts NASA's planetary exploration budget. affects him). In response to this report, the US Senate's draft NASA budget planned to spend only $300 million on MSR in the next fiscal year, while NASA had requested about $950 million. The result is that last November NASA ordered Goddard and Marshall Centers to slow down work on the MSR for fear that the number finally approved would be the Senate's number. In January 2024, JPL suddenly proceeded to fire several outside specialists associated with MSR, a process that culminated a few days ago in the announcement of the dismissal of approximately 530 workers (8% of JPL's total workforce). Of course, it's possible that the final MSR budget will be what NASA expects, but it's difficult to fund the project as planned after the harsh conclusions of the independent report. Until a clear solution is reached to the critical points highlighted in the report, we can say that the MSR program will be halted De facto. Meanwhile, China's Tianwen 3 mission has an advantage in this particular race to return the first samples from a neighboring planet. “Beer enthusiast. Subtly charming alcohol junkie. Wannabe internet buff. Typical pop culture lover.”

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Principles of Virology, the leading virology textbook in use, is an extremely valuable and highly informative presentation of virology at the interface of modern cell biology and immunology. This text utilizes a uniquely rational approach by highlighting common principles and processes across all viruses. Using a set of representative viruses to illustrate the breadth of viral complexity, students are able to understand viral reproduction and pathogenesis and are equipped with the necessary tools for future encounters with new or understudied viruses. This fifth edition was updated to keep pace with the ever-changing field of virology. In addition to the beloved full-colour illustrations, video interviews with leading scientists, movies, and links to exciting blog posts on relevant topics, this edition includes study questions and active learning puzzles in each chapter, as well as short descriptions regarding the key messages of references of special interest. Volume I: Molecular Biology focuses on the molecular processes of viral reproduction, from entry through release. Each volume includes a unique appendix, glossary, and links to internet resources. Principles of Virology is ideal for teaching the strategies by which all viruses reproduce, spread within a host, and are maintained within populations. This edition carefully reflects the results of extensive vetting and feedback received from course instructors and students, making this renowned textbook even more appropriate for undergraduate and graduate courses in virology, microbiology, and infectious diseases. About the Authors PART I: The Science of Virology PART II: Molecular Biology 2 The Infectious Cycle 3 Genomes and Genetics 5 Attachment and Entry 6 Synthesis of RNA from RNA Templates 7 Synthesis of RNA from DNA Templates 9 Replication of DNA Genomes 10 Reverse Transcription and Integration 11 Protein Synthesis 12 Intracellular Trafficking 13 Assembly, Release, and Maturation 14 The Infected Cell Appendix: Structure, Genome Organization, and Infectious Cycles of Viruses Featured in this Book Jane Flint is Professor Emerita of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. Dr Flint’s research focused on investigation of the mechanisms by which viral gene products modulate host pathways and antiviral defences to allow efficient reproduction in normal human cells of adenoviruses, viruses that are used in such therapeutic applications as gene transfer and cancer treatment. Vincent R. Racaniello is Higgins Professor of Microbiology & Immunology at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons. Dr. Racaniello has been studying viruses for over 40 years, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, enteroviruses, hepatitis C virus, and Zika virus. He blogs about viruses at virology.ws and is host of This Week in Virology. Glenn F. Rall is a Professor and the Chief Academic Officer at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, and is an Adjunct Professor in the Microbiology and Immunology departments at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as Thomas Jefferson, Drexel, and Temple Universities. Dr Rall studies viral infections of the brain and the immune responses to those infections, with the goal of defining how viruses contribute to disease. Theodora Hatziioannou is a Research Associate Professor at Rockefeller University and is actively involved in teaching programs at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr Hatziioannou has worked on multiple viruses with a focus on retroviruses and the molecular mechanisms that govern virus tropism and on the improvement of animal models for human disease. Anna Marie Skalka is a Professor Emerita and former Senior Vice President for Basic Research at the Fox Chase Cancer Center. Dr Skalka is internationally recognized for her contributions to the understanding of the biochemical mechanisms by which retroviruses replicate and insert their genetic material into the host genome, as well as her research into other molecular aspects of retrovirus biology.

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Early Years Foundation Stage Northway Early Years caters for Reception aged pupils. The children generally spend one year in Northway Early Years before moving into one of the classes in KS1. The emphasis in Early Years is on developing pupil progress in communication, co-operation and self- help and independence. We aim to help the children understand the routines of school through the use of symbols, signing and clear speech and through provision of a wide range of very stimulating, child friendly activities. Throughout each day the class comes together for short circle times for greetings, looking at books, music and other interactive activities. Our curriculum is based on the Early Years Foundation Stage guidance alongside the whole school termly theme cycle. The timetable is structured and is organised around a weekly book related to the theme; we then plan activities in literacy, numeracy. Art. DT, cooking etc. that are directly related to the story in order to generalise vocabulary, concepts and pupils understanding. In addition all pupils participate in weekly PE, drama, swimming and social education trips when we also aim to incorporate aspects of our story. Within the classroom all pupils have up to three 1:1 sessions to use their TEACCH workbaskets with a member of the Early Years staff. Tasks in the children’s baskets include early numeracy, literacy, use of puzzles, mark making and activities to consolidate basic concepts and are again related to the weekly story and differentiated according to pupil need and take account of their EHCP outcomes and targets. Our week includes sessions in the swimming pool, soft play and sensory rooms and for some children, time in the Sunshine room for sensory play and activities. All pupils attend individual sessions with the PECS co-ordinator and use of symbols and PECS are incorporated into sessions as much as possible. Makaton signing is used alongside speech throughout the day and a small number of children have specific teaching sessions. We have a well- resourced outside play area which the children use for playtimes and after lunch where they can access activities from all curriculum areas as well as use wheeled toys and climbing apparatus.. The pupils eat lunch alongside staff who support them to try new foods and use cutlery and learn how to behave at mealtimes.

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More Lessons for Algebra Videos, worksheets, solutions, and activities to help Algebra students learn about rate, time, distance word problems. Rate-Time-Distance Problem 4 Solves this word problem using uniform motion rt = d formula. Andy and Beth are at opposite ends of a 18-mile country road with plans to leave at the same time running toward each other to meet. Andy runs 7 mph while Beth runs 5 mph. How long after they begin will they meet? Rate-Time-Distance Problem 5 A car and a bus set out at 2 pm from the same spot, headed in the same direction. The average speed of the car is twice the average speed of the bus. After 2 hours, the car is 68 miles ahead of the bus. Find the rate of the bus and the car. Rate-Time-Distance Problem 6 A plane flew from one city to another city averaging 150 mph. Later, it flew back to the first city averaging 100 mph. The total flying time was 5 hours. How far apart are the cities? How to solve Algebra Word Problem in Distance, Rate, and Time using Quadratics? This video shows an example about finding the speed of the current of stream. The speed of a boat in still water is 10 mph. It travels 24 miles upstream and 24 miles downstream in 5 hours. What is the speed of the current? Try the free Mathway calculator and problem solver below to practice various math topics. Try the given examples, or type in your own problem and check your answer with the step-by-step explanations. We welcome your feedback, comments and questions about this site or page. Please submit your feedback or enquiries via our Feedback page.

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HOW ABUSE happens - building confidence to prevent it People who sexually abuse children often build relationships with the child and the adults around them before the abuse takes place. This is known as grooming. Watch the short video below to understand how to prevent grooming, how to spot the signs, and how respond if something goes wrong. People who sexually abuse children might make friends with parents who are facing difficulties - for example, single parents who need help or support. Others get to know couples and might offer to babysit. Some seek trusted positions in the community which put them in contact with children. Some target places like playgrounds, parks or shopping centres. Others gain access to children through faith groups, youth work or sporting organisations. If they don’t already know them through family members, friends or acquaintances, people who groom children online will usually find out information about their potential victim from the start - who they are, what they like, what they don’t like, what they worry about, who they get on with. They’ll also try to assess how likely it is that child will tell their parents if something worries or upsets them. If they think it’s ‘safe enough’, they’ll then try to isolate the child in some way, while at the same time creating a special relationship with them. This can often happen in social networking and gaming apps and sites, and in chat rooms. People who groom children sometimes pretend to be younger than they are or a different gender. But sometimes, they just go online as themselves and can find children who are interested or curious to talk about sex, and who might do sexual things on webcam, or even agree to meet up offline. Once close to a child, the person abusing the child will find ways of making sure the child doesn’t tell anyone what’s happening, including about any abuse. They might play on the child’s fear, embarrassment or guilt about what is happening, perhaps convincing them that no-one will believe them. Sometimes the person will make the child believe they enjoyed it – or wanted it to happen. They might use gifts, treats or threats about what may happen if they tell – the family breaking up, or the person who abused the child going to prison. Remember, however hard it is to accept, the person who has abused a child is most often a relative or close family friend. < Previous video Next video > If you want to know more how to prevent child sexual abuse, you can watch the rest of our short films. If you're worried about how an adult or young person you know behaves around children, you can get confidential support from the Stop It Now! helpline: 0808 1000 900. If you’re not ready to speak to someone yet, you can use our live chat or send a secure message. WHY DO PEOPLE COMMIT CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE? It can be hard to understand why someone would commit sexual abuse. Understanding how people who have abused children are able to cause harm, can help us porotect children from future abuse. who sexually abuses children? People who sexually abuse a child are likely to be people we know, trust, care about and love. In order to understand who abuses children, parents are carers need to identify how someone can commit harm to better protect children and young people.Learn More How are children groomed? Grooming is a word used to describe how people who want to sexually harm children and young people get close to them, and often their families, in order to gain trust.Learn More What to do if a child tells about abuse? It can be difficult to know how to respond if a child tells you about abuse - we can help you to respond in a sensitive and appropriate way.Learn More

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Ginger is among the healthiest (and most delicious) spices on the planet. Ginger is a flowering plant from China. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is closely related to turmeric, cardamom, and galangal. The rhizome (the part of the stem that grows below the ground) is the area most used as a spice. It is often called ginger root or simply ginger. Ginger has a long history of use in different forms of traditional/alternative medicine. It has been used to aid digestion, reduce nausea, and fight the flu, as well as the common cold, to name a few uses. Ginger may also be used to relieve nausea and vomiting after an operation and in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Ginger has been shown to be effective against muscle pain caused during physical exercise. There are studies that show that ginger is effective in reducing the symptoms of osteoarthritis, a very common health problem. Ginger lowers blood sugar levels and improves several risk factors for heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

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Sign up for the PlasticsToday NewsFeed newsletter. Electrochromic Polymers Give Drones Chameleon-Like Ability to Hide in Plain Sight Academic researchers, in collaboration with Australia’s Department of Defence, have developed lightweight panels made of electrochromic polymers that change color in response to an electric field and blend in with their environment. September 18, 2020 2 Min Read Image courtesy University of South Australia’s Future Industries Institute Drones are incredible little machines for monitoring and surveillance activities, and they can be small enough to almost go undetected. The operative word here is almost: Tiny, yes, but they are not invisible. Researchers at the University of South Australia’s Future Industries Institute (FII), in collaboration with Australia’s Department of Defence, have been working to remedy that. Their solution is not a cloaking device, alas, but lightweight panels made of electrochromic polymers that have a chameleon-like ability to blend in with their environment. “The sky changes color, but [drones] don’t,” notes a press release on the FII website. But they can if they are built with electrochromic materials, which change color in response to an electric field. Specific colors can be tuned to specific voltages. A similar technology is used to dim mirrors in luxury vehicles and in the windows of Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner, but it requires “high power consumption, and the electric flow must be maintained to sustain the charge state,” said FII lead research on this project, Dr Kamil Zuber. “Our panels, on the other hand, have switching speeds in the range of seconds and offer color memory, which means they retain their switched color without a continuously applied voltage. They also operate in the range from -1.5 to +1.5 volts, which means you only need to use an AA battery to activate the change,” explained Zuber. The panels are also inexpensive, lightweight, and durable, according to the FII, and can be made rigid or flexible. The technology has been validated using a small-scale drone frame, and the researchers are currently working on integrating autonomous adjustment into the system, allowing drones to “automatically change color in response to changes in the surrounding environment,” said the news release. Prototype electronics have been developed for the controller that would automatically adjust the voltage. “So, if the [drone] passed in front of a cloud, it would turn pale, then when it moved back into blue sky, it would turn back to blue,” said Zuber. About the Author(s) Editor in chief of PlasticsToday since 2015, Norbert Sparrow has more than 30 years of editorial experience in business-to-business media. He studied journalism at the Centre Universitaire d'Etudes du Journalisme in Strasbourg, France, where he earned a master's degree. Reach him at [email protected]. You May Also Like Foam Expo Explores Manufacturing OptimizationFeb 29, 2024|1 Min Read Entek to Unveil New Twin-screw Technology at NPE2024Feb 29, 2024|2 Min Read Does This Patent Signal a Turning Point in Sustainable Plastics?Feb 28, 2024|4 Min Read Resin Price Report: PE Price Increase Now UncertainFeb 28, 2024|3 Min Read

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Preschool teachers can find a variety of printable letter J activities to engage their students. These activities can include letter tracing worksheets, coloring pages with objects starting with the letter J, and letter recognition games. Preschool teachers can find a variety of printable letter J activities to engage their students. These activities can include letter tracing worksheets, coloring pages with objects starting with the letter J, and letter recognition games. Incorporating these activities into their curriculum can help reinforce letter recognition and strengthen fine motor skills in their preschoolers. Printable letter J for preschoolers is a fun resource for parents to help their children learn and recognize the letter. It provides a hands-on and engaging activity that allows children to practice tracing and identifying the letter J. Parents can download and print the letter J worksheets, coloring pages, and activities to create a fun and educational experience for their preschoolers at home. Printable letter J for preschoolers is a handy resource for homeschool educators who are looking for engaging and interactive activities to teach the letter J. These printable resources include worksheets, coloring pages, and tracing exercises that help children learn and recognize the letter J. Whether for morning work or as part of a letter of the week curriculum, these printables are a valuable tool for reinforcing letter recognition and early literacy skills in young learners. Engaging printable letter J activities are a great resource for early childhood education professionals who want to make learning fun and interactive. These activities can include coloring pages, tracing worksheets, and letter recognition games to help children develop their literacy skills. By incorporating these activities into their lesson plans, educators can create a more engaging and effective learning experience for their young students. In order to teach the alphabet to preschoolers, they must be able to say 1 to 2000 words and other simple words. You can start to introduce them to the words from storybooks, alphabet blocks, and logos they see on the road. The books must be the ones with pictures. There are some specific books to introduce letters with animals, colors, cartoon characters, and so on. Thus, parents should be by their side to teach them letters and words. There are patterns of the alphabet that parents can teach from too. Preschoolers are children of age 3 to 4. They are already at the stage where they are able to develop their social skills and start being independent before they enter formal school. At this age, their motor and cognitive abilities are active. As a result, not only are they active, but also can develop their focus by doing crafts with paper and coloring utensils, and start to ask a lot of questions. Parents should take care of their ability to hold a pen and pencil because they are now able to trace some easy letters like J, L, and so on.

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Editor's note: The opinions in this article are those of the author's and not NRCA. To reduce environmental footprints and improve overall building sustainability, building designers are incorporating longer-lasting materials, more energy-efficient assemblies and environmentally conscious technologies. Roof systems have come under particular scrutiny as they are the first line of defense against the elements and, often, a building envelope's largest exterior surface area. Copper, arguably the most sustainable metal because of its long life cycle, low life cycle costs and recyclability, is not only proving to be a valuable roofing material for its durability and ease of maintenance but also for its energy efficiency and cost effectiveness. What is cool roofing? When "cool" roofing is discussed, two main factors usually define the effectiveness of a particular material: reflectance (the ability to reflect solar energy) and emittance (the infrared radiation energy released from the roof). Reflectance and emittance values typically are achieved through paint pigments and reflective coatings in asphalt and other metals. However, a roof system is more than just its surface material. To achieve the highest potential energy efficiency, a correctly assembled, properly ventilated copper roof system can prove just as effective as a highly reflective or emissive roof. The CDA study In a recent study conducted by the Copper Development Association (CDA) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tenn., two ventilated copper roof systems were compared to two steel roof systems and one asphalt roof system. The ventilated copper roof systems take advantage of convective heating and cooling by properly venting the systems at the eaves and ridges. As air moves in through the eaves, it heats, rises and is expelled through the ventilation at the roof ridge, controlling heat gain and yielding lower attic temperatures, keeping a building cooler and more energy-efficient. For this study, the reflectance and emittance values were ranked from 10, the highest and best, to 0, the worst. Roof slopes and the roof coverings' ages were taken into account for the measurements. Slopes of 2:12 or less were considered low slope; slopes greater than 2:12 were considered steep slope. The Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR® program recommends an initial reflectance value of 0.25 for steep-slope roofs with no initial requirement for the emittance value and a three-year aged reflectance value of 0.15. California's requirements are more complicated and are the toughest in the U.S. Depending on the climate zone, California requires an aged reflectance value of 0.55 and an aged emittance value of 0.75 for low-slope roofs; for steep-slope roofs, an aged reflectance value of 0.15 and aged emittance value of 0.75 are required. Aged values were recorded for roof coverings at the three-year mark. However, meaningful energy savings for a building cannot be measured simply by a roofing material's reflectance and emittance values. The effect an entire roof system has on the heat gain, cooling load and energy usage of a building and its systems should be evaluated. Because copper is applied in its natural state, its reflectance and emittance values can vary greatly as a roof ages and changes color. And more important, copper only represents a roof system's outermost layer. However, all components play a role in the heat gain and loss and energy efficiency of a building being covered. It was for this reason CDA chose to conduct tests evaluating entire roof systems. Previous testing at ORNL revealed by employing the natural convection of heated air below a roof covering, temperatures in an attic space are reduced. Air enters at the eave, is heated by the roof, and, because hot air rises, it is naturally drawn up and vents to the outside. This natural convection controls heat gain and reduces the attic temperature. The test roof system consisted of a 1 1/2-inch-thick fluted metal roof deck, 3/4-inch-thick oriented strand board underlayment (plywood would work just as well), red rosin paper and standing-seam copper (see Figure 1). Using a fluted metal roof deck was optional; however, similar results can be obtained by using other designs that provide an air space below the deck. The test roof had a 4:12 slope and faced south. The roof system was compared with control roof systems of typical black asphalt, a typical copper roof assembly and two examples of above-the-sheathing, ventilated stone-coated steel roof systems using cool roof colors. Figure 2 shows the ceiling heat flux crossing the attic floors of the respective attic assemblies. The stone-coated metal roof system (SR246E90) dropped the ceiling heat flux by about 29 percent of what the asphalt shingle roof system (SR093E89) measured. The copper roof system with the fluted metal deck dropped peak ceiling heat flux 23 percent more than the coated steel shingle roof system, with a total reduction for the copper roof system at 50 percent of the control asphalt roof system. Peak heat flux dropped an additional 1.5 British thermal units per hour per square foot for the copper roof system as compared with the stone-coated metal roof system. By incorporating intelligent design elements, such as the tested vented roof system, building heat gain and loss for the resulting building's energy performance can be better addressed without solely relying on a roof covering's inherent surface reflectance and emittance. In this case, copper performs well and emerges as the better choice, allowing building designers to provide a high-efficiency roof system with a design aesthetic that weathers the test of time. In the end, the result is a beautiful building with reduced electrical energy usage and lower cooling costs for the building owner. The bottom line The bottom line is copper has been providing property owners with a sustainable roof system design for hundreds of years. The recyclability, long life span, beauty and maintenance-free durability of a properly designed copper roof system can meet or exceed the typical installations of other comparable materials and be one of the most environmentally sound assets of your green building. Based on performance and overall goals, a copper roof system can be cool where it matters most: energy savings. Not only does copper's versatility provide various ways to address today's energy concerns, its durability and longevity are essential to long-term cost effectiveness. Andy Kireta Jr. is vice president of market development for the Copper Development Association. To learn more about copper and cool roofing, visit www.copper.org. Did you know?: The NRCA Roofing Manual: Metal Panel and SPF Roof Systems—2012 contains design guidelines for copper and other metals commonly used in metal panel roof systems.

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Waseem Medhat is a Statistical Programmer and Computational Experimentalist who resides in Alexandria, Egypt The problem around this visualization is specific to meta-analysis, which is the statistical pooling of the results of multiple studies (e.g. a multi-center clinical trial) to obtain a single, more powerful estimate. The choice of pooling model (fixed effect vs. random effects) depends on the heterogeneity of effect size between studies. So, the main question that I wanted to answer with this visualization is: “What graphical tools can be used to assess heterogeneity?” Like any statistical graphic, the purpose of the visualization is to complement the statistical measures of heterogeneity, like I^2^, to give a more complete picture. A lot of the plot components are directly comparable to the typical forest plot, which is very popular in the medical field as visualization tool in meta-analyses. Its main features are: - A square for each point estimate for a study. The square size is proportional to the sample size (i.e. weight) of that study. - A line for each confidence interval of the effect size in a study. - Diamonds that represent the pooled estimate using either fixed-effect or random-effects model. The diamond width represents the confidence interval around the pooled estimate. - The plot is usually combined with a tabular display of the numbers represented by the plot. My own additions are: - Colored bands to give a better visualization of the heterogeneity between studies. There is a band for each study, with a width equal to its confidence interval. All the bands are semi-transparent and overlayed over each other so that more overlapping produces darker areas. - More attention to annotations than the typical plots, providing a title and a subtitle with the interventions and the outcome, respectively. Another label is also added to show which direction represents the “positive” effect. Shiny app description As a proof of concept for a viable product, I wrapped the plot in a Shiny app which provides additional interactive features: - Selection of summary measure, which can be expanded to include more than the odds ratio and risk ratio. - Control over the plot dimensions. Giving this control to the user allows the plot to be conveniently visible in different screen sizes and deliverable forms (e.g. a report or a dashboard). - Help button that shows a guide for interpretation. This makes the information available on-demand instead having it a separate tab. Technologies and packages R2D3 was the main wrapper around the D3 visualization. Beside the obvious advantage of introducing an interface between R and D3 and allowing its rendering in Shiny, it makes some steps easier like giving the data to the plot and making the plot take as much space as possible inside its container. Because of this, initial variables like height, and (the container) It does not need an introduction at this point: Shiny is the de facto standard for R-based web applications. With the R2D3 package, I have available renderD3() to render the D3 plot just like any typical output in Shiny. Other Shiny packages I used are shinyhelper, which provides a help button and rich modal dialogs for help content, and shinythemes to change the appearance of the app. By wrapping the visualization in a Shiny app, this project became a prototype that can be taken in a lot of different directions to include more effect sizes and other meta-analysis techniques, or maybe even add another module that imports the data, performs the meta-analysis, and send the results to this module to be visualized. - Live version of the Shiny app: https://waseem-medhat.shinyapps.io/forest_plot_with_bands/ - GitHub: https://github.com/waseem-medhat/forest_plot_with_bands - Wonderful Wednesdays December submissions: https://vis-sig.github.io/blog/posts/2020-12-03-wonderful-wednesdays-december-2020/

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The number of infants born in the United States with drug withdrawal symptoms, also known as neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), nearly doubled in a four-year period. By 2012, one infant was born every 25 minutes in the U.S. with the syndrome, accounting for $1.5 billion in annual health care charges, according to a new Vanderbilt study published in the Journal of Perinatology. Neonatal abstinence syndrome has been linked to both illicit drug use as well as use of prescription opioids -- narcotic pain relievers such as hydrocodone -- by pregnant women. Infants born with NAS are more likely to have respiratory complications, feeding difficulty, seizures and low birth-weight. The study found that from 2009-2012, the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome rose in the United States from 3.4 births per 1,000 to 5.8 births per 1,000. Broken down by geographic area, the east south central division (Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi and Alabama) had the highest rates of the syndrome, occurring in 16.2 hospital births per 1,000. "The rise in neonatal abstinence syndrome mirrors the rise we have seen in opioid pain reliever use across the nation. Our study finds that communities hardest hit by opioid use and their complications, like overdose death, have the highest rates of the NAS," said study lead author Stephen Patrick, M.D., MPH, MS, assistant professor of Pediatrics and Health Policy in the Division of Neonatology with the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt. Other previous research studies have shown opioid pain reliever use skyrocketing in the past decade. In 2012 alone, physicians in the United States doled out an estimated 259 million opioid prescriptions, enough for every American adult to have one bottle, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Also, another recently published study by Patrick found that pregnant women are commonly being prescribed opioid pain relievers, increasing the likelihood their infants are born with NAS. In this study, Vanderbilt researchers wanted to see if the rise in infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome correlated with the overall rapid increase in overall opioid use in the U.S. They combed four years of data, from 2009-2012, in two national databases, the Kids' Inpatient Database and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, to identify rates of the syndrome. The results revealed that NAS rates had doubled in the study period, with more than 80 percent of the infants enrolled in state Medicaid programs. Looking back even further, the results mean NAS has grown nearly fivefold since 2000. "The findings of this study demonstrate that neonatal abstinence syndrome is a growing public health problem in the United States and places a tremendous burden on babies, their families, and the communities in which they live," said William Cooper, M.D., MPH, Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Pediatrics and Health Policy and the senior author for the study. Additionally, national health care expenditures for treating babies with NAS grew from $731 million in 2009 to nearly $1.5 billion in 2012. Geographic variation was also examined for babies diagnosed with the syndrome. Beyond the east south central region, New England had the next highest rate of NAS at 13.7 births per 1,000. The area with the lowest national rate was the west south central division with 2.6 births per 1,000. "Too often in our health system we react to problems instead of forging public health solutions. Imagine if we were able to use the dollars spent to treat NAS on improving public health systems aimed at preventing opioid misuse and improving access to drug treatment for mothers," said Patrick. Cite This Page:

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Grid computing reveals secrets about anthrax bacterium Researchers at the UK's North East Regional e-Science Centre have used grid computing to reveal why anthrax, despite being related to many bacteria that live and grow in soil, can only grow when it is living in an animal host. It is a fact that has been puzzling scientists for some time. Tracy Craddock, Dr Anil Wipat, Professor Colin Harwood, and colleagues at the North East Regional e-Science Centre in Newcastle, northern England, revealed the new insights after developing a method for deducing and characterising the proteins a bacterium secretes, using information deriving solely from its genome sequence. These proteins can indicate a lot about the way the bacterium survives, because they are often very highly adapted to the bacterium’s natural environment. As genes carry the code for proteins, researchers are able to use knowledge of a bacterium’s genes to deduce all the proteins it produces. However, it is very time consuming to separate the secreted proteins from the others present in the bacterium, particularly as some secrete more than 4,000 proteins. To solve this, the Newcastle researchers have developed an automatic method to identify, analyse, and compare the proteins. Their method is based on the Taverna workflow technology, and was developed under myGrid, an e-Science project funded by the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. The genetic codes of all the Bacillus family, of which Anthrax is a member, were analysed to find the secreted proteins, which were then grouped according to their predicted functions. The team found that the predicted secreted proteins from Bacillus anthracis help to explain its inability to grow in soil. ‘When we looked at the secreted proteins, we found that they’re not adapted to utilise molecules in the soil,’ says Professor Harwood. Most of them enable the bacteria to grow in an animal host by breaking down muscle fibres. However there is still a whole group of proteins with unknown functions. ‘We don’t know what these latter proteins do, but we think they help the organism to evade the immune response,’ says Professor Harwood. ‘We’re beginning to understand why Bacillus anthracis behaves in the way that it does – and how it has adapted to grow only in the host and not in the soil.’ The team is setting up a website to guide users through the process for any bacterium whose genome is known. By identifying the secreted proteins it will be possible to determine some of the previously unsuspected properties of a bacterium, including whether it is likely to be pathogenic or not. The method is also showing promise of commercial application as many enzymes sold commercially, such as plant-derived enzymes used for biofuel production, are proteins harvested from bacteria which secrete them naturally.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in most portable chargeable electronics, such as laptops and cell phones, but also in electric vehicles. An essential part of LIBs is the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) which is a solid layer of decomposed organic solvent that forms on the first charge of the battery. The formation of a SEI on the electrode surface is crucial for cycle stability and durability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the microscopic mechanism responsible for the growth of the SEI is unclear because of the difficulty in conducting the relevant experiments. SEIs prevent further decomposition of the organic solvent while maintaining sufficient ion conductivity and are an important factor in battery life and durability. Professor Wang and coworkers used reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF) to analyze and recreate SEI formation as shown in Figure 1. ReaxFF-MD could be used to provide a protocol for the studies on SEI, in which ReaxFF is a general bond-order-dependent potential that provides accurate descriptions of bond breaking and bond formation, which approximately retains the accuracy of quantum chemistry and allows MD with computational costs similar to simple force fields, to handle the sizes of typical SEI films (typically 10 nm or more). Our ReaxFF simulations reproduced the experimental results well that SEI is composed of the trapped gas molecules, inorganic salts, and organic salts (Figure 2). The results found in the calculations are comparable to experimental results validating ReaxFF for studying SEI formation processes and making ReaxFF a promising computational chemistry tool for further SEI-related research. You have already subscribed to our newsletter. Thank you! If you don't receive our newsletters, email us. Wang J, Liun Y, Tu Y, Wang Q, Reductive Decomposition of Solvents and Additives toward Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Lithium-Ion Battery, J. Phys. Chem. (2020).Key conceptsbatteries materials science Reactivity ReaxFF

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By Jeremy Schwartz Peninsula Daily News OLYMPIC COAST NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY — Seabirds nesting on the small, rocky islands off the western coast of the North Olympic Peninsula have nothing to fear from what may look to them like a strange creature swooping over their homes. The thing doesn’t eat, doesn’t sleep and has no mind of its own. Its actions are controlled by a team of researchers bobbing on the Pacific Ocean in a 38-foot vessel from as far as a mile away. The winged object is a small, unmanned, propeller-driven aircraft called a Puma, and researchers, beginning last week, are taking it skyward most every day — weather permitting — until this Saturday. The scientists hope to learn how the burgeoning field of unmanned aerial vehicles, often collectively called drones, can help survey the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary by monitoring marine animal populations and patrolling the coasts for marine debris. “This project is really testing this new technology for how it might have applications for doing science in the sanctuary,” said Carol Bernthal, superintendent of the marine sanctuary, which encompasses 3,310 square miles of coastline from Cape Flattery south to roughly Grays Harbor. “[We’re] really trying to use it for a variety of applications to see how it works,” said Bernthal, who is based in Port Angeles. Staff with the Unmanned Aircraft System Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA, are operating the 13-pound aircraft with the help of sanctuary staff, said Vernon Smith, spokesman for NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, based in Maryland. They began testing the Pumas as research tools last week, Smith said. NOAA bought three Puma systems from California-based AeroVironment Inc. for about $400,000 and are in the process of testing them at national marine sanctuaries in Hawaii, Southern California and Washington state, Smith said. Bernthal said the Olympic marine sanctuary was one of three chosen during a nationwide competitive application process.

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Orb weavers are very docile, non-aggressive spiders that will flee at the first sign of a threat (typically they will run or drop off the web). They are not dangerous to people & pets, and are actually quite beneficial because they will catch and eat a lot of pest-type insects. Prolific throughout entire continental United States, Canada, Alaska, and Hawaii. Anywhere with abundant prey and structures to support the web – around light fixtures used at night, or tree branches, tall grasses, and bushes. Most noticeable in late summer into fall, when webs and adults reach their largest size. Food sources vary, but typically any small insects they catch in their webs. Some of the bigger orb weavers (Argiope genus) have been observed eating small frogs and humming birds (only if ensnared within the web). Most orb weavers appear in the spring, but are not noticed until summer to fall. The adult males will wander in search of a mate, and as such, typically do not stay on a web for long, if they spin a web at all. Adult males are not observed as much as the females, since they are always on the move, looking for that “Mrs. Right”. Typically after mating, the males will die. The most commonly noticed orb weaver is female, since she sits on her web, feeding and eventually waiting for the males to find her. Toward the end of fall, the females will lay their last clutch of eggs, and then die at the first frost. The eggs can survive the winter (even withstanding freezing) due to the simplistic nature/chemistry of the eggs. The warmth of the spring will cause the eggs to mature, releasing a new generation of orb weavers. A single egg sac can contain upwards of several hundred eggs. Juvenile orb weavers will spin “perfect” orb webs, but as they mature, the webs will become more distinctive and adapted for that particular species. Put a medium-sized insect in the web of a large orbweaving spider in the garden. You will see the spider bite the prey, wrap it in silk, wait for it to die, then begin to eat. As a first step in eating, the spider will literally vomit digestive fluid over the prey. Then the prey is chewed with the “jaws” (chelicerae), and the fluid is sucked back into the mouth together with some liquefied “meat” from the prey. The spider repeats this process as often as necessary to digest, and ingest, all but the inedible hard parts. What is discarded afterwards is a small ball of residue. Being bitten by an orb weaver is very uncommon, and typically the individual was “asking” to be bitten. Orb weavers will only bite if they feel threatened and trapped without a chance for escape (e.g. – like trying to pick them up). A bite is often compared to a bee sting, and for most people, is nothing serious. However, it is recommended to observe them in their environments (e.g. – on their web) and not to pick them up. Orb weavers are typically nocturnal. During the day, the spider will prefer to either sit motionless in the web or move off the web. If the spider moves off the web (but does not abandon it), she will be nearby in some cover (rolled up leaves, or on a branch) with a trap line nearby. If prey becomes ensnared in the web, the trap line will vibrate, indicating a possible meal. The spider will investigate; if it is “meal worthy”, she will bite it to immobilize it, and wrap it with silk to either eat later, or to continue to subdue the meal while eating. If the trapped insect is not meal worthy, she will ignore it or eject it from the web. At night, the orb weaver will become more active, working to repair any damage on the web, and sitting in the middle of the web. For some species, once morning starts to arrive, the spider will tear down the web and eat most of the silk (reabsorption of moisture plus consuming any dew that might have settled on the web). They will rebuild their web at dusk/night.

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For both men and women, experiencing hair loss can be upsetting. Numerous factors, such as genetics, hormonal changes, medication, illness, and inadequate nutrition, can cause it. Losing your hair can negatively affect your confidence and self-esteem, which can cause anxiety and depression. The good news is that hair loss can be treated and prevented in a number of ways. We will look at hair loss causes, remedies, and prevention advice in this article. The most frequent cause of hair loss is hereditary baldness, also referred to as male or female pattern baldness. It is a genetic disorder that can affect both sexes and typically appears in people between the ages of 20 and 30. Female pattern baldness involves scalp thinning throughout, whereas male pattern baldness typically starts with a receding hairline and thinning at the crown of the head. Unbalanced hormone levels can also result in hair loss. Due to changes in the levels of the hormones progesterone and estrogen, women may experience hair loss during menopause, during pregnancy, or after giving birth. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT),a hormone that can shrink hair follicles and make them stop producing new hair, may increase in men's bodies, causing them to experience hair loss. Hair loss is another side effect of some medications. Medications that can result in hair loss include antidepressants, blood thinners, and chemotherapy drugs. Medical conditions like thyroid issues, autoimmune diseases, and scalp infections can all manifest as hair loss as a symptom. Nutritional deficiencies, such as those in iron, zinc, and vitamin D, can result in hair loss. Hair loss can also be caused by a diet that is lacking in protein. A common issue that many people experience worldwide is hair loss. Genetics, stress, hormonal changes, diet, and specific medical conditions are just a few of the causes. Hair loss can be upsetting and have an impact on one's self-esteem and confidence. But there are lots of ways to keep your hair healthy and stop hair loss. Here are some recommendations for preventing hair loss and maintaining strong, healthy hair: Hair health depends on eating a balanced diet. A well-balanced diet full of vitamins and minerals is necessary for healthy hair. Protein-rich foods like eggs, lean meat, and beans support the health of hair follicles. Salmon, walnuts, and chia seeds are foods high in omega-3 fatty acids that encourage hair growth and stop hair loss. Additionally, iron-rich foods like spinach, lentils, and tofu aid in both preventing hair loss and encouraging the growth of healthy hair. Braids and ponytails, which pull your hair tightly, can result in hair breakage and traction alopecia. A type of hair loss known as traction alopecia is brought on by persistent pulling or tension on the hair. If you must wear your hair in a tight style, be sure to alternate with looser looks to give your hair a break. Straighteners, curling irons, and other heated styling tools can break and harm your hair. Use these tools sparingly to avoid heat damage, and always spray on a heat protectant before styling your hair. As much as possible, air dry your hair and stay away from using high heat settings. Massages of the scalp can encourage blood flow to the hair follicles, promoting the growth of new hair and halting the loss of existing hair. Every day for a few minutes, gently massage your scalp with your fingertips. A scalp massager tool can also be used to encourage blood flow. Your hair and scalp can become damaged by harsh chemicals found in hair care products like sulfates and parabens. Make use of gentle, natural hair care products devoid of harmful chemicals. Avoid over-washing your hair as this can dry out your scalp and cause breakage by robbing it of its natural oils. Sleeping enough is important for overall health, which includes hair health. Stress brought on by sleep deprivation can result in hair loss. In order to encourage hair growth and prevent hair loss, try to get at least 7-8 hours of sleep every night. Control your stress Hair loss is frequently brought on by stress. Your body produces hormones that may have an impact on hair growth when you're under stress. Try incorporating stress-reduction strategies into your daily routine, such as yoga, deep breathing, or meditation. Also, remember to take breaks throughout the day to unwind and lower your stress levels. Smoking can reduce blood flow to the hair follicles, which can lead to hair loss. Smoking can also harm your scalp and hair, increasing the risk of breakage and hair loss. If you smoke, you might want to think about giving it up to improve both your general and hair health. You should seek professional assistance if you are losing a lot of hair. Your hair loss can be properly diagnosed and treated with the help of a dermatologist or trichologist. There are many ways to treat hair loss, including prescription drugs, surgical hair transplants, and scalp micropigmentation. In conclusion, by implementing these suggestions, hair loss can be prevented. a balanced diet, gentle hair products, and staying away from tight hairstyles. Millions of people experience hair loss on a global scale, which can be embarrassing and make one feel self-conscious. Fortunately, there are lots of hair loss remedies out there, from drugs and supplements to surgical options. In this article, we'll examine the various hair loss treatment options and the factors you should take into account before selecting a course of action. The FDA has approved the prescription drug finasteride for the treatment of male pattern baldness. It functions by preventing the synthesis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT),a hormone that shrinks and eventually stops hair follicles from growing hair. Orally administered finasteride can stop hair loss in its tracks and, in some cases, even stimulate hair growth. Finasteride is not suggested for women, it should be noted, as it can result in birth defects in an unborn male fetus. Minoxidil is an over-the-counter drug that is applied topically to the scalp. The effectiveness of this over-the-counter medication has been demonstrated in both men and women. By boosting blood flow to the hair follicles, minoxidil promotes hair growth. It comes in a variety of strengths and forms, including liquid and foam. The effects, however, are frequently transient and take several months to manifest. Dutasteride: A prescription drug, dutasteride inhibits the production of DHT in a manner similar to finasteride. Its use for treating hair loss is off-label because the FDA has not approved it for that purpose. Although dutasteride may be more efficient than finasteride, it also carries a higher risk of side effects, such as erectile dysfunction and a decreased libido. Medications called corticosteroids are frequently used to treat inflammatory diseases like arthritis and asthma. They can also be used to treat autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata that cause hair loss. The scalp is typically injected with corticosteroids, which have been shown to be effective in promoting hair growth. They may, however, also cause adverse effects like thinning skin and immune system weakness. Hair Transplantation: In hair transplantation, the balding areas are covered with hair that has been removed from a donor site (typically the back of the scalp). A sizable percentage of males suffer from hair loss, a normal yet frequently upsetting condition. This thorough book explores the many factors that contribute to male hair loss, providing information and und ... Our comprehensive examination of hair loss is a subject that affects a great number of women worldwide. We will examine the various complex causes of hair loss in women in this blog post, including lifestyle ... Have you ever thought about why we age? While aging is a natural process, recent research has shown a surprise component that accelerates it: chronic inflammation. ... Millions of people around the world struggle with the common problem of hair loss. Many people wonder if anxiety and psychological stress can also cause hair loss, which can be brought on by numerous factors ...

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Highlighting the Neuron In this lesson on the brain's neural networks, students investigate the structure and function of the neuron. They discover ways in which engineers apply this knowledge to the development of devices that can activate neurons. After a review of the nervous system—specifically its organs, tissue, and specialized cells, called neurons—students learn about the parts of the neuron. They explore the cell body, dendrites, axon and axon terminal, and learn how these structures enable neurons to send messages. They learn about the connections between engineering and other fields of study, and the importance of research, as they complete the lesson tasks.

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Teaching Students About the United States of America The United States of America is a diverse and complex country with a rich history, unique culture, and complex society. Introducing students to this nation can be an opportunity to explore issues surrounding social studies, language arts, and global awareness. One aspect that makes learning about the USA so important is understanding its historical heritage. By examining different aspects such as founding documents or key events we can gain insight into how this society functions! Exploring different aspects of American social studies offers students an opportunity understand how societal norms shape attitudes along with behaviors regarding various types of personal concerns while examining ways they themselves could work towards breaking down those barriers depending upon specific circumstances thereof accordingly!. Another key aspect of teaching students about the USA involves discussing themes related to language arts including literature or poetry etcetera! By recognizing importance placed on diverse expressions alongside respect for individual experiences within different cultures worldwide irrespective differences therein!, we create a greater sense self-confidence which translates into stronger communities! Finally, teaching students about global awareness involving intercultural exchange or political systems allows us to discuss broader themes related to human experiences within our world today – thereby encouraging them become engaged citizens capable effecting positive change around respective communities too! Exploring different aspects creative events offers students an opportunity understand how societal norms shape attitudes along with behaviours regarding various types cultural pursuits whilst examining ways they themselves could work towards breaking down those barriers depending upon specific circumstances thereof accordingly!. Teaching students about the USA allows for exploration surrounding American culture & history. By examining these issues tailored towards individual preferences/requirements/etcetera!,students can gain deeper appreciation for role played by such type(s) of concepts within our society while exploring ways they themselves could apply these lessons depending upon specific circumstances thereof accordingly!. They can also learn more about importance placed on diversity alongside role played by citizens in promoting greater understanding amongst diverse groups thereby fostering stronger communities as whole!.

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The Smithsonian Institute answered this very nicely. According to the Smithsonian Magazine there are a staggering 4,500 cockroach species in the world, and out of them 30 species are considered invasive pests! In Canadian households, there are a handful from those 30 species that are often seen in our homes. These are the American, Oriental, and German. Cockroaches are also vectors of disease which means that they carry and spread viruses that can cause disease wherever they go. If you are having issues with cockroaches, make sure to call Cockroach Control Toronto. They can contaminate surfaces by just walking on them. This is not strange considering that cockroaches roam very filthy places for food and water. They roam sewers, garbage fills, the streets until they wind up in residential properties abundant in food and water. This abundance is a huge draw for many pests, and this is why many pests like cockroaches, ants, mice, or even rats are so keen on staying indoors for a long time spawning generations that eventually leads to a full-blown infestation! Cockroaches are singled out as being the most hated pests because they are hard to get rid of. The cockroach is an incredibly resilient insect where some species can survive temperatures as low as -122 C, can live a week without a head, can live without oxygen without 40 minutes, and can live up to two weeks without water. Cockroaches are thought of by most homeowners as incredibly repulsive insects that need to be exterminated right away. This prompts a lot of desperate homeowners to go to the store and buy the first and best cockroach repellant on the shelve. The issue with this even is that cockroaches can build a resistance to it over time where the repellant won’t be effective. When homeowners do manage to kill a handful of roaches, they only kill a spec of the entire population. The real issue is out of sight. Far behind the wall is a nest teeming of crawling cockroaches. So what people see crawling in their houses is just the very tip of the iceberg. Cockroaches are nocturnal insects which means that they are active at nighttime. Most cockroaches are after 3 things: Food, moisture, and grease. These are all found in the kitchen making it a prime destination for these crawling nuisances. The only way to get rid of them completely is to call a reputable pest control service such as The Exterminators Inc. We have fully licensed and certified technicians who are equipped with the right tools and knowledge to declare your residential property or commercial establishment completely cockroach-free. We work with a target-based approach where we do not just apply formulations at random but strategize and justify each and every action to get maximum results by prioritizing quality over quantity. Our formulations contain active ingredients that are potent enough to take care of the entire population down to the eggs. Only licensed technicians have access to these formulations due to their potency that over-the-counter products do not even come close to. Thorough knowledge on cockroach behavioral patterns and preferences is a must since every cockroach species needs to be identified before taking action accordingly. Only a seasoned technician can from The Exterminators Inc. Call us now for your next appointment or to receive a free consultation!

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