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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื“ืœ ืž- 900,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœ-50 ,ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš. ื‘ื›ืš ืคืขืœื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘ "ื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžื›ืจื– ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืข ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ื“ ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ืžื• ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ "ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืงืœื”" ืฉื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื "ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš" ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื” ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
100
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืื—ื–ืงืช ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ - ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืจืก 2010 ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ ื‘"ืž ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž - 400 ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช; ื›-30 ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘"ืž ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ืื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ื•ืฅ.
101
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
.ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ. ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืช"ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืชื ืขื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืช"ืฉ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืจ ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืช"ืฉ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืช"ืฉ; ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™; ื•ืจืžื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืกื’ืœื™ ื”ืช"ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืช"ืฉ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขืงื‘ ืื™ -ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืž"ืฉ ืžืืคืจื™ืœ 2006 ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2010 , ื ืฉืœืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืชืฉืž"ืฉ ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ืžื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช:
102
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ - ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘
ืขื ื–ืืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืžืฉืืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื ืžืฆื ืจืง ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชื•. ืจืง ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010 ื”ื ื—ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืื˜"ืœ, ืชื"ืœ ืขื•ืคืจ ื•ื•ืœืฃ, ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชืจ"ืฉ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืžืŸ.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืื‘ื“ื ื™ ืืคืกื ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
.ื”ืื‘ื“ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื˜"ืœ, ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื“ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื˜"ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืื‘ื“ื ื™ ื”ืืคืกื ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืืช ืื‘ื“ื ื™ ื”ืืคืกื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื”ืœืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืื˜"ืœ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืื‘"ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœืงื— ื—ืœืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื, ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืขื ืกืคืงื™ื; ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขืกืงื™, ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ื•ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื”ืฆืคื” ื‘ื‘ืช ื—ืคืจ - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืชืค"ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืœืžื ื”ื"ื–, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2010 ืžื™ื ื” ื”ืžืชืื ืืช ืกื’ืŸ ืจืž"ื "ื›ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ", ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ,", ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ืงื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืืช "ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื– ืื™ื•"ืฉ ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืžื•ืฉืš, ืฉืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืฆืจื• ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ืœื”ื ื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื• - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืขืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืช, ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš, ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืกืฃ" ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืขืœื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืงืฆืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช "ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ; ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•, ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœื ื• ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื"9 - ,"ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืœื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื™ื ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืจ ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื”ืจืก ื›ืœื™ืœ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืงื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ ืขืชื™ืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ ืžืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืงืจืงืข ืžื–ื•ื”ืžืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื•
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืจืืฉ ืืžื•"ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื—"ื ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—"ื 27 ื•ืœื”ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœืจืž"ื™, ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—"ื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืืžื•"ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื”; ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืœื ืชื•ืื ืขื ืจืž"ื™.
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ืจืคืืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจืคืืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž
ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืชืงืŸ ืงื“ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืจืคืืœ ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื’, ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจืคืืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืงื™ื ื” - ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืชื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื˜ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”"ืคื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช", ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืคืกื•ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื‘ืžื’"ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื’"ื‘ ืœื ืฆืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื•. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืคื•ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืœืžื’ืจื” ื›ืœื™ืœ.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจืš ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื™ืจื™ ืชืœื•ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ
ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืกื“"ื› ืชื—ืช ืืฉ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ื“ื‘ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ื‘ื› ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืชื—ืช ืืฉ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจืš ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืชื•ืขืœื” ืœืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืกืคืงื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื›ืฉ ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืื™ื  ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื• ืกืคืง ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื• ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืชื—ื•ื ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
ืžื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ืืช ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื ื•ืงื˜ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื’"ืช ื•ืื›"ื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืžืžื“"ื”, ื›ื“ ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื™ืงื‘ืข ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื“"ื” ืœื›ืœืœ ืฆื”"ืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžื“"ื” ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ืœืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื•ืœืžืžืฉ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื“"ื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืงืช ื’ื– ื•ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื•, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื”ืŸ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื’ื ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœ"ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื. ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2010 , ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ื–ืืช ืขื“ ืœืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 2011.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ . "ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช" ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
.ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— "ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™" ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ .ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ .ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช .ืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืคื•ื™. .ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื”, ืฉืขื• ื’ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืฉื ืช 2020 , ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื .ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ .ื–ืžื™ืŸ; ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช .ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ .ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื .ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœืขืจื•ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
.ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจื” ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ .ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื•ื’ืฉื•ืชืฉืข ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืงื‘ .ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื, ืžืชื•ื› ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื’ืจืจื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ .ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘- 4,408 ืชื™ืงื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ืื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื• 84% .ืžื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง .ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืคืœื™ืœื™.
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ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช . ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช
.ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื” -20 ืœื‘ื™ืŸืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช .ื”-23 , ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื› -10% . ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช .ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-20 ื•ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-23 ื—ืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ 5% .ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืชืœืคื™ื›ืš, .50% ืžื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ .ืืคื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช .
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ืขื ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™
.ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2020 , ื˜ืจืื”ื•ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ .ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื ืŸ. .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ .ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื ืŸ.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืœืฆื•ืจืš .ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ืืคืœื™ื”.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื’ื‘ - ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“ .ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ . ื–ืืช ื”ื•ืื™ืœ .ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช , ื•ื‘ืขืช ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื• .ืื•ืชื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืกืžืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ืขืกืงื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
.ื›-15% ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž- 1,000 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœื ืžื™ื ื• .ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื”, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื .ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ื™ื”ื ื• ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ื”ืขืกืงื” .ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื: ืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ; .ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื™ื•ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ; ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ .ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืืฃ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช. .ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื117 ืœืžื ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื .ื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื .ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื” .ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” .
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ืื™-ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™ ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื .ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” 2008 ืขื“2012 ,. ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ .ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื‘ื˜"ืœ, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืฉื•ืœืžื• .ืœื–ื›ืื™ื, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื. .ืืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2013 ืขื“2019 - ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช2020 ืฉื™ืœืžื• ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืฉืจืชื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื .ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›-19 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸืฉ"ื— ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื; ื•ืื•ืœื ืข ืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช .ื‘ื˜"ืœ ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›-650 ืžื™ืœื™ ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืฉ ืžืฉืจืชื™ .ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืื• ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื”ื ื˜ืจื ืชื‘ืขื• ืœืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• .
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช_
,ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืขืž"ื˜, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื‘ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจื ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืขืž"ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืงื‘ื™ืขึนื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจื. ื–ืืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื11 ืฉื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ืœืœื ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืž - 2012 , ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2011 -2007 ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ, ื•ื ื’ืจืžื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื ื›ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ_
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื›"ื, ื›ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืœืžืขืœื” ืž - 300,000 ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืงื•ื™, ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื›"ื ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื—ืกื ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื - ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž_
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ "ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื•ื" ื”ืชืข"ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื•ื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงืจ ืœื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืก G-280 , ืœืงืจืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืชืข"ื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ืกืงืจ ืฉื•ืง ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ื ืชื— ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”- G-280 .ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื, ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื•ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ_
ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื ืคืœ ืคื’ื ืคืจื•ืฆื“ื•ืจืืœื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2013 . ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ (ืืข_ืฆื™ื)_
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ืื™ -ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืชืข"ืฅ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื”ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื•ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื”, ืขืœ ืื›"ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœืื’"ืช, ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืชืข"ืฅ.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”
ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชืœืช-ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2012 -2010 ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช "ื ืคื— ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื”. ืžื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืจื—"ื˜ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื• ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ืชืจื’"ื“ื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื•, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืงื•ืฆืจื• ืื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื”ื ืจื•ื“ื“ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื ืคื’ืขื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืืฃ ื ืขืฆืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2014 . ืคืขืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื•.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืื™ื•ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื
ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ 6.351 ,(ื—) ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื• ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื”ื" ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืื ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืื• ื™ื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘' ื•ื’' ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘' ื•ื’' ืžืขืœื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื ื›ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื ืฉ"ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘' ื•ื’' ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ, ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืคืกื™ืงื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื, ื‘ืชืื•ื ืขื ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืชืงื‘ืข ื ื•ืกื— ืื—ื™ื“ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ื”ื™ื
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•"ืž, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืœืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื” ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ืžืœื™ื™ื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื
ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœื ืขื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืคืจ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื—ืคื™ืจื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™
ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ -ื˜ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื’ื•ืฃ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื™ื™ -ื˜ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ื™ืฆื™ืข ื›ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง. ื’ื•ืจื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•"ืค, ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ -ื˜ืง ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืง ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืœืงื“ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื— ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขื ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืช"ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืข ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื—ืœืงื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืคืฆืœ ืืช ืžืกืข ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” -ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืกืข ื•ื”ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ืจ, ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ -ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื” ืžืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ืกืคื“. ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื ืœืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืชืคื•ืกื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ; ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืคื“ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœ-1125 ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœืจืž"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื2000 - 2015 ื™ืฉ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ืฉืœ ื›- 290,000,000 ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืŸ ื˜ืจื ืฉื•ื•ืงื•.
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ืžื™ ืื–ื•ืจ ื“ืŸ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืœืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืื–ื•ืจ ื“ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžื™ ื“ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกื™ืงื” ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”, ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื' ื•ื‘' ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ื“ืŸ ืœืœื ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืชื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›"ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืœื" (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ) ืœื”ืขื‘ ืจืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื’ืœื•ื™ื”, ืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื”, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืืงื•ื“ืŸ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ "ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืœื". ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื' ื•ื‘' ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื•ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ื ืžืฉื•ืœืžืช ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื.
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ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช
ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืจืง ื›-13 .ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืชื”
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื ืกืคื— 3 , ื•ื›ื™ ืžืื– ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืœืœ. ืœืœื ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื˜ืื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืกืคืง ืžืขื ื” ืžืœื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ: ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018; ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2019; ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืงืจื• -ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืื“ื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ืจืื™ื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช.
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ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื 2010 ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ื”ืคืขืœืชื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2019 ,. ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื› -9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ืืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื•. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื™ื—ื•ืŸ
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื 2014 ืขื“ 2018 ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืœืฉื ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”
ืœืขืžื“ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืคื’ืข ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ -ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœื”ืกื›ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื™ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื—ื—"ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœื—ื—" ื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืคืจืงื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืกืžืœื™ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืขื ื—ื—"ื™. ื›ืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ืคื’ืขืช. ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืื™ื ื• ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ "ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืชื›ืŸ"
ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืฆืžื“ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืžื“ื“ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ: ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018; ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2019; ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™
ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืžืื™ 2019 , ืœื ื—ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืขื•ืกืง ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ืœืœื ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืขื•ืกืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื•, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืจ, ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืœ ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช.
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ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื‘-90% ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืื›ืŸ ืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื™ื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ื“ื‘ืงื” -ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืชื—ืงื™ืจื” ืืคื™ื“ืžื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืขื“ 48 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืœืคื—ื•ืช 80% ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื , ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง ื‘ -57% .ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืื‘"ืข
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืฉ"ื™) ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 , ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืจื™ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืžื’"ื‘ ืœื™ื“ื™ .ืžืฆ"ื—, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉ"ื™ 15 ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช2021 . .ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉ"ื™ ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2018 ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช .ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœื”ื’ืž"ืจ. ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื–"ื™ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืืฉืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” .ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืž"ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. .ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2019 ืื™ืฉืจืืž"ืฅ ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” .ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช). ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช .ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื”, ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช .ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื˜ืœื”
.ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ, ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืœื•ืœื™ ื›ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื .ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื™ืชืจ ื”ืœื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื’ืจื .ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชืžื•ืชื” ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ืœืช ื”ืกืœืžื•ื ืœื•ื–ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื—ื“ .ืžืฉืžืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
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ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
.ืขืœ ื•ืช"ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื”, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2018 , ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช .ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืชื ื•ืชื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช - ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช .ื”"ืื“ื•ืžื™ื". ืขืœื™ื” ื’ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืคื ื™ ืื’"ืช ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืื’"ืช .ืชืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.2020 - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”
.ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื ึผื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื. .ืœืฆื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืืจื”"ื‘, ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื• .ื–ื™ืœื ื“ (ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›-22% ืœื›-42% ), ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• .ืงื ื“ื” (ื›-11% .)
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื–ืงื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
. ืžื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช -ืขืกืงื™ืช ืžื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช .ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื” (ESG ) . ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืงืคื•ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื .ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช - ื’ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ืžืกืคืงื•ืช .ืžืกื’ืจืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” .ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ .ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ืžืฆื ืชื—ืช ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื .ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื .ืืœื” - ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืคืจืกืžื•. .ืžื•ืฆืข, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื: ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ, ืจืฉื•ืช .ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื .ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœ-ESG , ื•ื™ืคื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื .ืžื ื—ื™ื ืืœื”, ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ .ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื•ื“ืื• ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืžื” .ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื”.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื
.ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” 30.4% ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘- .2019 ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” 38.5% .ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”ื‘-2020 ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื›-93% ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ื› - .198 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 553.3 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื— (ื› - 35.8% ) ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ .ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื—ื“ -ืคืขืžื™ืช - ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” .ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ .ืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช10. ื”ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• .ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ (ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื” - ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ) (ืžืขื ืง ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช .ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช), ื”ืชืฉ"ืฃ-202011 .
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”
.ืžืชืจืฉื™ื 4 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ืื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ 100,000 ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื .ื‘ืฉื ืช 2018 ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื•, ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืจืง .ืžืžืœื˜ื”, ื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื” ื•ืงืจื•ืื˜ื™ื”.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื
.ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ื”ื”ืฉื’ื”) ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื™ืœืช ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืฃ, .ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื ืกื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข .ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื›- 73,000 ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช .ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื™ืœืช ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื“ื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืกื•ื’ืจ , ืœื ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื• ื™ื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” .ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืง. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืื™-ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” .ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืจืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” .ื ื‘ื—ื ืช ื‘ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื ืคืฉ ื—ืคืฆื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-24
.ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืžื™ื ืชื” ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช .ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื”, ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ื‘ืงืจื” .ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจ ื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• .ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืžื“"ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื™ืœ.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
.ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ( 2016 - 2021 ) . ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืื‘ืจืž"ื™. .ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืงื‘ืข ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” - ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจืž"ื™, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืชื™ืชืŸ .ืืช ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืž"ื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืช ื‘ื• .ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืž"ื™ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืŸ .ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, .ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื (ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื ืฃ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื™ืงืจื•ืช .ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื) ื•ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉ"ืขื™ื .ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื .ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืงื•ื— ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื™ื, ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ .ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืื•ืฉืจื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ .ื”ืžืคื•ืงื—.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืงื•ืคื•ืช .ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœืงื•ื— ืกืžื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืœื™ื˜ืช .ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ืืฆืœื.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•ื ื™ื
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช .ืฉืื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื”, ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ .ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืœืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ .ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื ืžื•ืš ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื , ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ .ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคื” .ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงืŸ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ
.ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืก"ื ืžืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช .ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘-ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืก"ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ .ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ ืกื˜ื• ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช .ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืงืฉื” ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืก"ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ .ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืก"ื ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— .ืื“ื ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื .ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืก"ื, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ .ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื .ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื ืฉืžืจ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืงื™ืจืชื™ื™ื .ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜.
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
ื‘ืฉื ื”"ืœ ื”ืชืฉืค "ื‘ ื”ืงืฆื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช 766 ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช .ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืฉืค "ื 618 ืฉืขื•ืช; ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืฉ"ืฃ 825 ืฉืขื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœื’ื ื™ .ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืžื™106. .ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช
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ืขืžื™ื“ืจ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืžื™ื“ืจ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž
.ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข .ื‘ื ืกืคื— ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช , ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ืงื™ื™ื (ื› - 5,700 ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช). ืื .ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื›ืœืกืŸ ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ .ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš โ€“ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
.ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื•ืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ -ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืžื” .ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืžืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ .ื ืžื•ืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉืจืžืชื• ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžืžื•ืกื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื•ืžื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ .ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื•ืžื ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ .ืžืคืจื˜ ืื—ื™ื“ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื•, ืืš ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืชืœืžื™ื“, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืคืจื˜ .ื”ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” .ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคื—ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื” ืœื .ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”. .ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืจืžืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื- .ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช .ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืœื•ืžื“, ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ืืœื” .ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื ืžื•ืš, ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืื• .ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช 75. . ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช .ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืงื‘ืข .ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ืื• -ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ .ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช , ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช .ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื™ ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช .ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื”ืžื—ื–ืงืช ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ .ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ, ืืœื .ืœื”ืคืš - ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื .ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ .ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื .ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช .ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืžืžืŸ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื™ ื ื—ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื” .ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2018 - 2021 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ .ืงื•ืจืกื™ ืฆื•ืขืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื’ื•ื™ื™ืกื• 83 ืฆื•ืขืจื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืคืจืฉื• ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“, .ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ, 98 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืื™ืช "ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ .ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื” 316 (52% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ืกื•), ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” .ื”ื–ืืช: ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™- 127 , ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืงืฉืจ- 106 , ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื- 57 , ื ืืžื ื™ .ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช- 10 , ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืจื›ื‘"ื”- 10 ื•ืขื•ื“6 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ .ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืกืคืจ .ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ืž-316 .
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืฉื‘"ืก ื™ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจืฉืชืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ .ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—
.ืžืคื"ืช ืœื ืžืจื›ื– ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื”ืŸ .ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื”ืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืค ืŸ 88 . ื”ืชืข"ื ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื ื”ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ .ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื”. ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืข"ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›-85% ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื” ืขืœ .ืžื•"ืค ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2016 - 2020 ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ .ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ืจืคืืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื›-92% ืžื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช .ืขืœ ืžื•"ืค ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ื’ื ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ืื’ืจ ื‘ื”ื
.ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื (ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื, .ื”ื’ืจื™ืื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื™ื) ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ . .ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืœื—ืœืงื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื ื•ืฉื .ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื—ืœืงื ื™ืฉ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืกืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช - ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2021 ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื’ื ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2019 .- 2021 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื” 31 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš .ืœืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคืชืŸ ืœืกืœ ื”ื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื›-3.2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืžื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ืช .ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช - ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœืžื›ื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื›ืœืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื - ืขืœื” ื›ื™ .ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ืืžื“ ื‘ื›- .12 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—90 . ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืœื” ืชื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื•ื–ืœื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื .ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื .ืฉื ื—ืกื›ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
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ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื ืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• .ื ื’ื ื– ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืืฉืžื” ืื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช .ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืžืขืชื™, ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืฉืžืขืช ืฉื ืกื’ืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2021. . ืžื™ื“ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™- ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ื– ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื”
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—ื• ื•ืืช ืื›ื™ืคืชื• ืขืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ื’ื–, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื“ื• ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื™ืจื•ื– ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช. ื›ืš ืชื•ืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื’ืค"ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื“ืœืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ืขืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื” ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืขื ืง ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื–. ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืชื—"ืฆ ื‘ื ืช"ื, ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืช"ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืชื—"ืฆ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืช"ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืื—ื™ืกืžืš ื”ื•ืกื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”ื”ื“ืชื™ืช - ื—ืจื“ื™ืช. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื‘"ืข ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ื™ ืกืžืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœ ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช-ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2007 ,, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื–ืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืื• ื”ื™ื–ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื‘"ืข ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืจื›ืฉ ื”ื™ื–ื, ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉืงื™ื“ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืฆืœ, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื‘ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ ื‘ืฆืข ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช , ืฉืขื™ืกื•ืงื” ืคืขื™ ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื” ืžืœื›"ืจ.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ืคืจื˜ื™ - ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื - ื—ืฉืžืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื› "ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืžืขื™ื“ ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื• ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืž "ื™ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—' ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื•', ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืž "ื™ ื”ืชืขืœืžื” ืžื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืœืฆืชื ืฉืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื› "ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืž - 4.10.10 , ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘- 5.1.11 'ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื— ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•' ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 2013 .
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื˜ื‘ืข - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื‘ื”ืจืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื™ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื โ€“ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืชืŸ ื•ื”ืชืืžืชืŸ ืœื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืก ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื. ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื“ื’ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช - ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืฉืจื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” - ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืก, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืชืขื“ื•ืฃ, ื”ืฆื’ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืš ื™ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ื”ืžืื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืจื”
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2009 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืงืคื.
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ื ืช_ืข - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืงื• ื”ืื“ื•ื ื ื“ื—ื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื• ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืช"ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืื™ื–ื” ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืฆืคื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืชื•, ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืง ื•ืขืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื - ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืจืขืœื™ื.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื—ื™ ื’ื– ื•ื ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื’"ืก ื›ื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชืœืž"ืช ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื’"ืก ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื•. ืื ืกื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื’"ืก ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“, ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืขื•ืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื”. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื’"ืก ื•ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื›ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœื ื™ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื•ืกื—ืจ ื”ื•ื’ืŸ
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง - ืžื”ืŸ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืชื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคืืจืงื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”
ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื•ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืœื›ืš ื ื•ืขื“ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืืœื” ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ - ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื ืขื“ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื“ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื›ืœื™ืช ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื—ื "ื— ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื• ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืž"ืก ื’ื ืœืจื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื—ื "ื— ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืž"ืก ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืคืงื• ืžื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื ืžืœ, ืืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื ืžืœ ื•ืืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื–ื”.
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ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ - ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื . ืกื“ืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื” - ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ - ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 13 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2012 , ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉืชื™ืขื“ื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœื ื ื™ืžืงื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ.
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ื“ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ืกื“ืจื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื - ื“ืŸ - ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืข_ืž
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื”.
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ืื’ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืื’ื“ - ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›-296 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœืื’ื“
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืืฃ ืฉืชืงื ื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื” ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ืžืชืจืฉื•ืžืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืžืกืจ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื” ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื›ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืง ื›ื•ืœื•, ื’ื ืื ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืœืœื•ื•ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ื ืง ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง38 .
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื’"ื— ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื 2010 , 2011 ื•- 2012 , ื•ื›ื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ 2012.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื”, ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ืคืœื’ื™ ืžื•ืฆืงื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื‘, ื–ืืช ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžืžืŸ (ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืœื™ื), ื”ื ืคืข ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื“ืคืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ -ืืจืฆื™ืช , ื•ืื™ืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื—ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืžื ื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื ืื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” .
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืขืฆืžื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื–"ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื’"ืช ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื” ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ - ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ ืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืกื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
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