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liu et al leveraged unlabeled data to enhance the feature representation capability of the network . | liu et al rely on a single network by leveraging abundantly available unlabeled crowd imagery in a learning-to-rank framework . |
each of the layers is followed by a relu layer for non-linear mapping . | each convolutional layer can have an arbitrary number and size of filters , and is followed by relu . |
moreover , non-commutative field theory can be seen as an effective regime of string theory . | on the other hand , open string theory on a d2-brane can be understood from the viewpoint of deformation quantization . |
this random walk is assumed to be skip free in the direction to the boundary of the quadrant , but may have unbounded jumps in the opposite direction , which are referred to as upward jumps . | this random walk is assumed to be skip free toward the boundary of the quadrant but may have unbounded jumps in the opposite direction , which we call upward jumps . |
infogan learns to disentangle latent representations by maximizing the mutual information between a small subset of the latent variables and the observation . | infogan uses an unsupervised approach to learn semantic features maximizing mutual information between the latent code and the generated observation . |
however , gravity is a global force and poisson solvers operate on the global density field . | gravity , which is the simplest model in higher-curvature theories of gravity . |
the overall architecture is similar to and input the attention-derived image features to the cell node of the lstm . | in showatttell , while the overall architecture is similar to and input the attention-derived image features to the cell node of the lstm . |
if the discriminant of t is a square , then a is not dominated by the set of powers of itself . | since the discriminant is a polynomial in y , it has a finite number of roots . |
the fact that the low-lying states do not have parity doublets implies that the vacuum is not invariant under the axial transformations . | that the vacuum is not invariant under the axial transformation is directly seen from the nonzero values of the quark condensates , which are order parameters for spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking . |
we use the recent results of on the achievable rates of finite block-length codes to investigate the power-limited outage probability of the arq protocols . | we use the recent results of on the achievable rates of finite block-length codes to analyze the system performance . |
intuitively , a foliation is a pattern of -dimensional stripes - ie , submanifolds - on m n , called the leaves of the foliation , which are locally well-behaved . | a foliation by c k leaves which is tranversely c k is called simply a c k foliation . |
we use adam to adapt learning rates and improve numerical stability . | we adopt the adam optimizer for accelerated training and learning rate decay . |
convolutional neural networks have made great progress in various fields , such as object classification , detection and character recognition . | deep neural networks have revolutionized many domains , eg , image recognition , speech recognition and knowledge discovery . |
in this subsection , we briefly review the symplectic approach to the toric sasaki-einstein manifolds according to . | in this section , we recall known facts about toric sasaki manifolds , following . |
the mitigation methods based on power-law analysis can provide rough mitigation strategies in the planning horizon , but lack accurate tactics for online operations . | the mitigation methods based on power-law analysis can only provide rough mitigation strategies in the planning horizon , lacking accurate tactics for operations . |
deep convolutional neural networks have demonstrated significant improvements over traditional approaches in many pattern recognition tasks . | convolutional neural networks have been instrumental to the recent breakthroughs in computer vision . |
the models are trained using the adam optimiser with the default hyperparameters in minibatches of 80 instances . | all models are trained using mle loss and optimized using adam optimizer with a batch size 256 . |
the lowest-dimension unprotected multiplets in this ope correspond to uirs lying above the unitarity bound of the continuous series and are realized by quadrilinear operators . | there the operators at the unitarity bound of the continuous series of uirs are trilinear and can not appear in the ope . |
hd 45677 hd 45677 is a well studied b2 star whose evolutionary status is still unclear . | hd 37903 hd 37903 is the only sightline for which we have hst data that meets our criterion as an outlier . |
now we proceed onto define smarandache co-ring and smarandache iso-ring . | now we proceed on to define smarandache n-ideal rings . |
we employ the proximal policy optimization for the search algorithm . | in all experiments we use the common proximal policy optimization . |
domain walls can form at a spontaneous phase transition with discrete symmetry breaking in the early universe . | topological defects could be produced at a phase transition in the early universe . |
the lstms are now successfully applied in several applications , such as speech-recognition . | lstms have become very successful in applications to language modeling , machine translation , and speech recognition . |
deep neural networks have been widely applied and achieved state-of-art performance on a variety of tasks including image recognition . | recurrent neural networks have received renewed interest due to their recent success in various domains , including speech recognition . |
now we proceed on to define polynomial birings . | now we proceed on to define smarandache zero divisors . |
in the case of free fermions , a complete classification has been achieved in using such ideas as anderson localization and k-theory . | for quadratic fermionic models , a complete topological classification of the possible states has been achieved . |
this is the interface of the classical world and the quantum world . | this contrasts with the world indicated by quantum mechanics . |
clv of maximum contrast values measured images . | clv of median contrast values measured images . |
this filtration is canonically associated to e and is called the harder-narasimhan filtration of e . | it is called the harder-narasimhan filtration of x . |
to evaluate the performance of our geonet in monocular depth estimation , we take the split of eigen et al to compare with related works . | we implement the same split of eigen et al to evaluate the performance of our dfo framework with others in the single-view depth estimation task . |
so it is natural to expect that this theory may be also used to describe multiple m5-branes . | on the other hand , like its counterpart , this theory may be also a light-cone description of multiple m5-branes . |
specifically , works in demonstrate such a difficulty of characterising the error surface of an mlp . | specifically , works in demonstrate such a difficulty of characterising the error surface of an fnn . |
the advances in convolutional neural networks have successfully pushed the limits and improved the stateof-the-art technologies of image and video understanding . | recent advances in convolutional neural nets dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in image classification . |
all spectra were grouped to a minimum of 20 counts per bin and fitted using xspec . | the spectra are grouped to have a minimum of 20 net counts per bin and fitted using the xspec package . |
koch a , mcwilliam a , grebel ek , zucker db , belokurov v . | shetrone md , siegel mh , cook do , bosler t . |
convolutional neural networks have achieved superior performance in many visual tasks , such as object classification and detection . | deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great success in various computer vision tasks , including object classification . |
deep learning has become very popular for many computer vision and image recognition tasks . | deep learning has made an enormous impact on many applications in computer vision such as generic object recognition . |
convolutional neural networks have recently achieved great success on various visual recognition tasks . | convolutional neural networks have broken many records of computer vision tasks , such as image classification . |
imaging and self-calibration were performed using the difmap software package . | data reduction was carried out with the miriad software package using standard procedures . |
we construct the local conforming virtual element space by resorting to the so-called enhancement strategy introduced in . | we construct the local nonconforming virtual element space by resorting to the so-called enhancement strategy originally devised in . |
following , we say that an induced copy of claw in g is 1-heavy if at least one of its endvertices is heavy . | following , an induced claw of g is called 2-heavy if at least two of its end vertices are heavy . |
recent advances in deep neural networks have contributed to the state-of-the-art performance in various artificial intelligence -based applications such as image classification , and so forth . | designing deeper and wider convolutional neural networks has led to significant breakthroughs in many machine learning tasks , such as image classification . |
as we all know , quantum correlations , such as quantum entanglement , have been proposed as the key resource present in certain quantum communication tasks and quantum computational models . | these quantum correlations are powerful resources for quantum engineering , quantum cryptography , quantum communication , and quantum information processing . |
a pulsar is a rotating neutron star with a strong magnetic dipole not aligned with the rotation axis . | a pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits highly directional radiation . |
gong et al explored spatiotemporal characteristics of intra-city trips using metro scd of 5 million trips in shenzhen , china . | gong et al explored spatiotemporal characteristics of intra-city trips using metro scd on 5 million trips in shenzhen , china . |
deep neural networks , together with large scale accurately annotated datasets , have achieved remarkable performance in a great many classification tasks in recent years . | convolutional neural networks have achieved tremendous progress on many pattern recognition tasks , especially large-scale images recognition problems . |
controllable single photons are an important tool to study fundamental quantum mechanics and also for practical applications in quantum communication . | entangled states of photons are the basic resource in the successful implementation of quantum information processing applications , namely optical quantum computing . |
thus , work in this area relies on the development of algorithms which are guided by various heuristics . | thus , work in this area relies on the development of various heurisics-based algorithms . |
the theoretical foundations for cothorities already exist in the form of threshold signatures . | the theoretical foundations for cosi and witness cothorities already exist in the form of threshold signatures . |
finally , as an application , we consider systems of quotient coherent sheaves . | this alternative formulation is necessary for the later application to quotient coherent sheaves . |
we compare our algorithm with other 11 state-ofthe-art ones including 7 deep learning based algorithms and 4 conventional algorithms . | we compare our proposed algorithm with other 14 state-ofthe-art ones , including 10 deep learning based algorithms and 4 conventional algorithms . |
the neutrinoless double beta decay is a convenient tool to test physics beyond the sm . | double beta decay is the slowest nuclear decay process observed until now in nature . |
the parameters are continuously optimized by means of the expectation-maximization algorithm , seeded by k-means clustering . | the associated parameters can be calculated considering the expectation maximization algorithm . |
mc-cdma is formed by ofdm and cdma combination which is multiple access and multi-carrier system . | mc-cdma is produced by combination of ofdm and cdma which is multiple access and multi-carrier systems . |
moreover , scalar linear network coding over a sufficiently large finite field was shown to be sufficient to achieve the capacity of a multicast network . | randomized linear network coding schemes were shown to be sufficient in achieving the information theoretic max-flow , min-cut bound on network capacity . |
the ordinate is the difference between the value obtained from linear grid interpolation of the given parameter and the true value , expressed in units of the grid step . | the ordinate is the time dependent conductance g is the time dependent current , and v the bias . |
generative adversarial networks are a recently developed generative model to produce synthetic images or texts after being trained . | generative adversarial networks are a recent popular technique for learning generative models for high-dimensional unstructured data . |
articles study makespan minimization assuming that an online algorithm knows the optimum makespan or the sum of the processing times of σ . | articles study makepan minimization assuming that an online algorithm knows the optimum makespan or the sum of the processing times of σ . |
in the quantum theory this is the -algebra symmetry . | assume that quantum theory is a correct model of the real world then we can always find . |
among them , the approaches focused on shape retrieval , and performed diffusion on image level . | among them , the approaches addressed the shape retrieval problem , and performed diffusion on image level . |
recently successful methods in naturalistic environments learn representations from sequences of frames . | recently successful methods learn representations from sequences of frames . |
the axion is a hypothetical elementary particle pos tulated to resolve the strong cp problem in quantum chromodynamics . | the axion is a particle that is theoretically motivated , since is the consequence of the peccei quinn solution to the strong cp problem . |
to perform classification using va , we first learn the feature representations by va , and then build a linear svm classifier on these features using the pegasos stochastic subgradient algorithm . | to use va for classification , a subsequent classifier is built -we first learn feature representations by va and then learn a linear svm on these features using pegasos algorithm . |
recent advances in deep learning have revolutionized the application of machine learning in areas such as computer vision , speech recognition and natural language processing . | in recent years , ai and machine learning technologies have been widely used in various areas such as speech recognition , image processing and autonomous driving . |
an important enabling factor of the rapid development of deep learning is the availability of large scale datasets . | the success of deep learning is driven , in part , by large datasets such as imagenet . |
deep neural networks have achieved great success in various tasks , including but not limited to image classification . | deep neural networks have shown quite impressive performances in several pattern recognition applications . |
many different neural language models have been proposed . | various methods have been proposed that scale and speed up large neural models . |
generative adversarial networks , first introduced by , have become an important technique for learning generative models from complicated real-life data . | since their introduction a few years ago , generative adversarial networks have gained prominence as one of the most widely used methods for training deep generative models . |
isola et al proposed the conditional gan framework for various image-to-image translation tasks with paired images for supervision . | isola et al have proposed a conditional gan-based unified framework for image-to-image translation . |
recently , transformer , implemented as deep multi-head self-attention networks , has become the state-of-the-art neural machine translation model in recent years . | recently , neural machine translation systems have achieved state of the art performance in large-scale machine translation tasks . |
we introduce batch normalization operations in every convolution layer of the contracting path . | we apply batch normalization and rectified linear unit after every convolutional layer , followed by max-pooling operations . |
we optimize the variational lower bound over these parameters using stochastic gradient descent using adamax , a variant of the adam optimization algorithm . | we extract the gradients of the lower bound using automatic differentiation and maximize it using stochastic gradient ascent via the adam algorithm . |
and the european vlbi network , which is a joint facility of european , chinese , south african and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils . | the european vlbi network is a joint facility of european and chinese radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils . |
for the past several years , advances in deep neural networks have shown to be a powerful tool for a variety of machine learning problems in multiple domains , including computer vision . | with the rapid development of deep neural networks , computers now can achieve remarkable performance in many fields such as image classification . |
as the higgs is a component of a 4d gluon , its self-energy has to be finite . | the endomorphism φ is called a higgs field . |
deep neural networks have demonstrated excellent performance on challenging research benchmarks , while pushing the frontiers of numerous impactful applications such as language translation . | deep convolutional neural networks have made significant breakthroughs in many visual understanding tasks including image classification . |
convolutional neural networks have made great progress in various fields , such as object classification , detection and character recognition . | in the last decade , convolutional neural networks have shown state of the art accuracy on a variety of visual recognition tasks such as image classification . |
the front-end model is a modified version of the vgg-16 network and is extended for dense prediction . | moreover , they used the vgg16 model which is a shallower network compared to recent network models . |
stewart , power counting in the soft-collinear effective theory , phys . | stewart , on power suppressed operators and gauge invariance in scet , phys . |
thus , in this paper , we use sketch-a-net to extract texture features of sketch . | in our method , we use sketch-a-net framework to extract texture features of sketches . |
during the last decade , deep learning algorithms , especially convolutional neural networks have achieved remarkable progress on numerous practical vision tasks . | in the last five years , deep neural networks have enjoyed tremendous progress , achieving or surpassing human-level performance in many tasks such as speech recognition . |
recently , convolutional neural networks achieve remarkable progresses in a variety of computer vision tasks , such as image classification . | recently , deep convolutional neural networks have achieved great successes in computer vision topics such as image classification . |
we deploy the first 10 layers from vgg-16 as the front-end and dilated convolution layers as the back-end to enlarge receptive fields and extract deeper features without losing resolutions . | we use first four convolutional layers from vgg-16 with pre-trained weights as our feature extraction part to obtain the image features . |
in algebra such mappings concordant with algebraic structures are called morphisms . | category theory and even its part , which is called topos theory are called morphisms from a to b in c . |
in this work , we adopt the adam solver to learn the model parameters . | we use the adaptive moment algorithm for training the model . |
simultaneously we have the dynamic spectrum on the pc screen . | simultaneously we have the dynamic spectrum . |
the scalar potential can be determined by a general ward identity of extended supergravities , which shows that it follows from squaring the fermion shifts . | the scalar potential of the theory follows as usual from the square of the fermionic shifts by using a known ward identity of n-extended gauged supergravities . |
the classical morrey spaces were introduced by morrey to study the local behavior of solutions to second-order elliptic partial differential equations . | on the other hand , the classical morrey space was originally introduced by morrey in to study the local behavior of solutions to second order elliptic partial differential equations . |
but it is somewhat complicated , so it will possibly appear elsewhere . | it is however somewhat complicated , and will possibly appear elsewhere . |
the main result in this case is the classification of minimal triangular pointed hopf algebras . | a general classification of triangular hopf algebras is not known yet . |
to study the effect of network structure on fast sparsely synchronized oscillations , we consider the wattsstrogatz model for small-world networks which interpolates between regular lattice and random graph via rewiring . | to study the effect of network structure on noiseinduced burst and spike synchronizations , we consider the watts-strogatz model for small-world networks which interpolates between regular lattice and random graph via rewiring . |
the black and gray lines correspond to pc and pa monomers , respectively . | the solid and dashed lines correspond to pc and pa monomers , respectively . |
one of the most successful deep learning paradigms for object detection is the series of region-based convolutional neural networks . | great progress has been made in recent years on object detection due to convolutional neural networks . |
adversarial training is based on generative adversarial networks . | this can be achieved using generative adversarial networks . |
the exchangecorrelation effects were treated within generalized gradient approximation within the perdew-burke-ernzerhof functional . | the exchange-correlation interactions are treated by the generalized gradient approximation formulated by perdew , burke , and ernzerhof . |
positivity constraints on quark and gluon distributions in qcd . | electromagnetic polarizability of the nucleon in chiral perturbation theory . |
millimeter wave communication is one of the most promising technologies of the fifth generation communication systems , due to the large spectrum resources in the mmwave bands . | massive multiple input multiple output technology is one of the promising means for achieving the extremely high energy and spectrum efficiency requirements of the future 5g networks . |
propagator that there is a lessening of the overall slope , suggesting that the non oscillating piece may not be consistent with a single exponential . | this propagator is the inverse of the wave operator . |
performance within the task of supervised image classification has been vastly improved in the era of deep learning using modern convolutional neural network . | recent development of deep convolutional neural networks has led to great success in a variety of tasks including image classfication and others . |
we evaluate our object detection performance on the ms coco dataset , which contains 118k training images , 5k validation images and 20k hold-out testing images . | for this purpose , we train an object detector on ms coco , a dataset which has approximately 80k training images and 40k validation images . |