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Map projection formulas depend in the geometry of the projection as well as parameters dependent on the particular location at which the map is projected. The set of parameters can vary based on type of project and the conventions chosen for the projection. For the transverse Mercator projection used in UTM, the parameters associated are the latitude and longitude of the natural origin, the false northing and false easting, and an overall scale factor. Given the parameters associated with particular location or grin, the projection formulas for the transverse Mercator are a complex mix of algebraic and trigonometric functions. |
Map projection formulas depend the projection as as parameters on at map projected. set can vary on project chosen the projection. in UTM, the associated are the longitude , thing false east , scale . associated , Mercator a complex of functions. |
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Map projection formulas depend in the geometry the well as parameters dependent on the location the map is . can on type of . For Mer projection used UTM, are latitude longitude natural , false false ing, overall scale factor. Given the particular location , a algebraic and trigonometric functions. |
Map projection formulas depend in the geometry of the as well as parameters dependent particular location at which is projected. of project and the for projection. the Mer in , parameters associated the , false nor and ing, an overall . with grin, the for the transverse mix of algebraic . |
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Map projection formulas depend in the geometry of projection as well as parameters on the particular which map is projected. The can vary on of project the . the transverse used , the parameters the origin, the false nor easting, an overall . associated with or , the cator of and functions. |
Map projection formulas depend in geometry the as well as parameters dependent on location at which map projected. The set can vary on chosen for . the transverse projection , parameters and of the , northing false , . the with grin, projection mix . |
Registration agencies, appointed by the IDF, provide services to DOI registrants: they allocate DOI prefixes, register DOI names, and provide the necessary infrastructure to allow registrants to declare and maintain metadata and state data. Registration agencies are also expected to actively promote the widespread adoption of the DOI system, to cooperate with the IDF in the development of the DOI system as a whole, and to provide services on behalf of their specific user community. A list of current RAs is maintained by the International DOI Foundation. |
Registration agencies, appointed the IDF, provide services DOI rants: allocate prefixes, names, necessary infrastructure allow rants to declare data. also expected promote the widespread adoption , to the system , on behalf of their community. A of by . |
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Registration agencies, appointed by IDF, provide services to DOI rants: they prefixes, register DOI , provide necessary allow registrants to maintain and . Registration agencies actively promote the adoption DOI , in development the system as a whole, provide on . A of R by International Foundation. |
Registration agencies, appointed by IDF, provide services : allocate DOI prefixes, register DOI , provide infrastructure declare maintain metadata and data. Registration agencies expected promote the , with development whole, services their specific . list Foundation. |
Registration agencies, appointed by the IDF, provide services DOI they allocate DOI prefixes, register DOI names, provide to regist maintain metadata and data. agencies also expected promote the widespread of DOI system, with of , and services behalf specific community. As . |
Registration agencies, appointed by the IDF, provide services to DOI regist : they DOI prefixes, register DOI names, and infrastructure rants to metadata state . to actively of system, with IDF development of DOI , and services on behalf specific community. A list current DOI Foundation. |
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Registration agencies, appointed the IDF, provide registrants: DOI , register DOI , and the infrastructure allow to maintain data. are to actively the widespread , to cooperate the IDF in the DOI system whole, and to provide of specific user . current R International DOI . |
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In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The realist paintings of Thomas Eakins are now widely celebrated. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene. Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought fame to American architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and Frank Gehry.
One of the first major promoters of American theater was impresario P. T. Barnum, who began operating a lower Manhattan entertainment complex in 1841. The team of Harrigan and Hart produced a series of popular musical comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. In the 20th century, the modern musical form emerged on Broadway; the songs of musical theater composers such as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson. |
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The 1970s and early 1980s saw the onset of stagflation. After his election in 1980, President Ronald Reagan responded to economic stagnation with free-market oriented reforms. Following the collapse of détente, he abandoned "containment" and initiated the more aggressive "rollback" strategy towards the USSR. After a surge in female labor participation over the previous decade, by 1985 the majority of women aged 16 and over were employed. |
The 197 s early 9 saw stagflation. his election 19 0, President Ronald Reagan economic stagnation free- reforms. Following collapse détente, abandoned tainment" initiated more towards USSR. decade, 98 . |
The 197 and 9 0 saw the of flation. After his election in 0, President Ronald Reagan to with market . the détente, abandoned " and the . After female participation over , 5 majority 16 . |
The 1 7 1980s saw the of stagflation. After his election 9 0, Reagan to with market oriented reforms. of détente, tainment and initiated the " . After in female labor participation , by 5 the over employed. |
The 1970 and early 98 s the onset of stagflation. his election 1 80, Reagan stagnation reforms. , he " " more rollback the USSR. in participation over decade, 5 aged and over employed. |
The 197 s early 19 s the of . in 1 0, with - oriented . collapse , the rollback . a surge the , the women 6 . |
The 7 9 0s saw stag . his election in 19 , Reagan responded economic stagnation with free market reforms. Following , abandoned " tainment rollback strategy towards . a female the , 1 5 women were employed. |
The 1970s and early 9 0s saw the of stag lation. After election in 1 8 , President Reagan to - oriented . of détente, he abandoned containment" and aggressive " . After surge in participation decade, by 8 the majority aged 1 and were . |
The 197 s and early 1980s saw onset of . in 1 0, Ronald responded economic free oriented . Following the , containment aggressive rollback strategy USSR. After labor participation over decade, 1 8 the aged employed. |
The 19 0 and early 19 0s saw onset of stagf . 0, Reagan responded oriented . the collapse détente, he " tainment the " " towards USSR. female , 1 8 majority 6 over were . |
The 19 0 and early 9 0 saw the of stag lation. After election 19 , Ronald stagnation free- oriented . , he abandoned con " more "rollback strategy . a decade, 85 the of women and . |
In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively). The census counted more than 19 million people of "Some Other Race" who were "unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories in 2010, over 18.5 million (97%) of whom are of Hispanic ethnicity. |
In 2010, the U.S. population included estimated .2 million American Native (2. million exclusively such ancestry) and 1.2 with native or Pacific island 0. The counted more 9 million people " " identify " of its race 01 , . are ethnicity. |
In 2010, the .S. estimated .2 people with some American or Alaska (2. million such 1.2 Hawaiian island .5 million exclusively 9 people were unable with its five race 2 , . million 9 whom Hispanic . |
In 201 , the .S. population an 5. people some Indian Alaska 2. ) 1. ancestry . million ). The more 9 of Some Race who unable 0, over 1 .5 million (9 of of . |
In 2010, the . . population an estimated 5. million people Alaska . million exclusively such .2 with some island 0. million of " " " five in 20 , . ( 7 of ethnicity. |
In 2010, the U. . population an estimated 5. million with American Indian Native ( .9 million exclusively such . with .5 exclusively more Other " to with five official categories in 2 , 1 .5 (9 %) . |
In 201 , U. . population included .2 million people with Indian or . million ) and 1. million some 0. million The people " Other who unable with five race 0 , 8. million 9 . |
In 2010, the U. . population 5.2 people with Alaska Native ancestry . million such ) and . with native Pacific . than of " Race" were "unable to 0, over . (9 whom of . |
In 2 10, . . population included . with some American Indian Alaska Native ancestry 2. exclusively of 1. million with Pacific island ancestry ( . million people " Other Race" who were unable identify any of its official race , 1 .5 7 . |
In 2 1 , the .S. population included estimated . people American Indian or Alaska ( . million exclusively and 1. native ancestry 0. ). census than people any race , over 18.5 million 7%) whom of Hispanic . |
In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million some American Indian Alaska ( .9 of such ancestry) and .2 with some native or . million exclusively The census counted 19 Race " five , . million ethnicity. |
Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War led to the American Revolution, which began in 1775. On July 4, 1776, as the colonies were fighting Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, delegates from the 13 colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence. The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, and was the first successful war of independence against a European colonial empire. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1781, were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. |
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According to the Center for Immigration Studies, Arabic and Urdu are the fastest-growing foreign languages spoken in American households. In recent years, Arabic-speaking residents increased by 29%, Urdu by 23% and Persian by 9%. |
According to the Center for Immigration , Arabic Urdu are the - foreign languages spoken in American households. recent years, speaking residents by 9 23 and Persian %. |
According to Center for Immigration Studies, Arabic and Urdu the growing foreign spoken in American . In recent years, Arabic speaking increased %, 2 and |
According to the Center for Studies, Arabic Urdu are fastest-growing languages spoken . recent years, Arabic increased %, 23 |
According to the Center for Immigration Studies, Arabic Urdu are the growing foreign languages in households. , speaking residents by 2 Urdu 3% 9%. |
According the Center for Immigration Studies, Arabic Urdu the fastest- foreign in American . recent , 2 %, by 3% and Persian by 9 |
According to the for Immigration Studies, Arabic are fastest-growing foreign languages spoken in American households. recent years, Arabic increased Urdu |
According to the Center for Immigration Studies, Arabic Urdu - spoken in American . years, Arabic speaking by 29%, Urdu by 2 % 9%. |
According to the Center for Immigration Studies, Arabic and Urdu the growing languages in households. years, Arabic residents increased by 29 Urdu 3 and |
According to the Immigration Studies, Arabic and the fastest- languages in households. recent , Arabic speaking residents by 29%, Urdu 3 Persian |
According to the Immigration , Arabic and Urdu are the fastest foreign spoken households. recent , speaking residents increased Urdu by Persian |
To establish the position of a geographic location on a map, a map projection is used to convert geodetic coordinates to two-dimensional coordinates on a map; it projects the datum ellipsoidal coordinates and height onto a flat surface of a map. The datum, along with a map projection applied to a grid of reference locations, establishes a "grid system" for plotting locations. Common map projections in current use include the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), the Military grid reference system (MGRS), the United States National Grid (USNG), the Global Area Reference System (GARS) and the World Geographic Reference System (GEOREF).
Coordinates on a map are usually in terms northing N and easting E offsets relative to a specified origin. |
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on northing east E . |
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are terms nor . |
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To establish position of a geographic location on a map, a used odetic to two- coordinates on projects the ellips coordinates a flat . The , along map projection applied reference locations, establishes system" plotting locations. in current the Transverse (UTM MGR ), States USNG the Global Reference (
on a map N to . |
establish the position a geographic location map, a map used to geodetic to two-dimensional coordinates ; projects datum ellips height a surface . , along map applied to a locations, establishes . map in include cator UTM the grid S United ), System (G ) GEO are usually terms east E . |
To establish the position of geographic location on , a map is used odetic coordinates to dimensional a projects the datum oidal coordinates height a flat a . datum, with map projection to a of reference , " system for . map use Mercator Military ( ), Grid NG System Geographic GEO Coordinates a map easting offsets origin. |
Similar coordinate systems are defined for other celestial bodies such as: |
Similar coordinate systems are defined for other celestial such : |
Similar coordinate systems are defined for celestial bodies such as |
Similar coordinate systems are defined other as |