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670,080,151
Mr. President-
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Does the Senator from Ohio yield to the Senator from Kansas?
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The PRESIDING OFFICER
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I yield.
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Mr. WILLIS
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The Senator understands. does he not. that the House bill will be in conference. and the House bill provides for no commission? Therefore. with both measures in conference. there should be no delay if we change the provisions of the Senate bill so that the work shall remain under the Secretary of Agriculture. In fact. it ought to help pass the bill.
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Mr. CURTIS
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Perhaps there should not be delay. but the Senator from Kansas and the rest of us know that in legislative procedure sometimes things happen that ought not to happen. If it were a month earlier. I should vote for this amendment. I think it ought to be adopted. but from what I can see of the situation I do not believe we can adopt this amendment now and secure legislation at this session of Congress. I think the legislation is of very. very great importance and that it ought not to be delayed. .
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Mr. President. will the Senator yield?
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Mr. WADSWORTH
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I yield to the Senator from New York.
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Mr. WILLIS
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The Senator has just said that if this bill had come up a month earlier he would have voted for the amendment offered by the Senator from Kansas. Does the Senator think that one months time justifies the creation of three permanent Federal commissioners. with salaries of $10.000 apiece?
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Mr. WADSWORTH
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It is not one months time. It involves. as the Senator from Washington has just pointed out. various States that have projects for the completion of which Federal legislation is necessary. and I speak without any embarrassment upon that subject because the State of Ohio has a good road system. It has not trifled away the Federal money. Nobody has ever suggested that. It has gone on with a progressive plan of permanent road building. and if some legislation is not enacted at this session of Congress this plan will be very seriously interfered with.
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Mr. WILLIS
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Mr. President-
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Mr. PITTMAN
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Therefore. for my part. I prefer not to vote for this amendment. and trust that after the bill goes to conference the matter may be ironed out there. I think if we adopt this amendment here it is the end of the legislation.
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Mr. WILLIS
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Does the Senator from Ohio yield to the Senator from Nevada?
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The PRESIDING OFFICER
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Unknown
Unknown
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670,080,163
I yield first to the Senator from Nevada.
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Mr. WILLIS
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670,080,164
Mr. President. of course. it is apparent that the Senator from Ohio is very anxious that this legislation shall be passed as soon as possible. and of course I have exactly the same feeling about the matter. but it seems to me that the passsage. of this legislation would be facilitated by the adoption of the amendment of the Senator from Kansas. We understand that this bill has already been acted on by the Senate and acted on by the House and that the provision which the amendment attempts to strike out is entirely new matter before both Houses. The Senate bill. originally the Phipps bill. has nothing to do with a commission. I think. really. that if we would adopt the amendment of the Senator from Kansas and eliminate this new matter which has not been considered by either one of these Houses. we would hasten an agreement in conference. That is my feeling about it.
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Mr. PITTMAN
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I am not unacquainted with the parliamentary situation. nor am I unacquainted with the fact that there are some Members of this body and some Members of the body at the other end of the Capitol who desire appropriations simply under the present law. I want to say. as one Member of this body. that I voted against the $100.000.000 appropriation in the last session of Congress because I thought then. and I think now. that there was not and is not proper regulation for the expenditure of that money. Without making any invidious comparisons. it is perfectly apparent to those acquainted with the facts that this Federal money has been expended in some States without proper supervision. I have seen some of it. I have had umy attention called to alleged Federal highways in certain Statea that in some other States would hardly be regarded as proper cowpaths. and I determined for myself that I would not again vote for the expenditure of large sums of Federal money witlhout adequate supervision. so that it might be understood that this money was to be used in the construction of permanent highways that begin somewhere and end somewhere. This bill is an effort. at leastI think in part a mistaken one. because I do not agree with all of its provisionsto provide some appropriate restriction and regulation for the expenditure of that money. I think there ought to be some legislation other than a mere appropriation. For the reasons I have indicated I shall not at this time support the amendment of the Senator from Kansas. agreeing though I do with the principle which is back of it. *
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Mr. President. the Senator from Washington a moment ago in discussing the road bill digressed. and not improperly. to discuss the naval bill. and he attributed to me a position with respect to that bill which I regard as incorrect. Of course. the Senator from Washington would not purposelybecause he is incapable of doing an injusticemake any statement that would improperly represent the attitude of any Senator upon pending legislation or any public question. As I understood the Senator. he suggested that the opposition which I had offered to the naval bill was based upon the theory that the $90.000.000 carried by the naval appropriation bill recently passed was all that was necessary for the current year for legitimate and proper naval construction. and that if I had been advised that more could economically. properly. and efficiently be expended. then I would doubtless have taken a different position and either supported it or supported a plan for further and larger appropriations. He contends. however. as I understand his position. that my premises are wrong. that the fact is that larger naval appropriations were needed for the expeditious and economical completion of the naval program. The Senator therefore states that my premises being wrong my conclusions must be wrong. Let me say that my good friend from Washington entirely misconceived my position. I regret that I was so unfortunate as not to make clear to himbut I hope that his view is not that of other Senatorsthe reason for my opposition to the naval bill. Let me say. however. that the testimony before the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs. as I interpret it. did indcate that $90.000.000 was substantially the amount which could economicallyand I emphasize that wordbe expended during the coming year. I emphasize that word. Mr. President. because the testimony before the House and the Senate committeesand we needed no testimony in order to convince us of that factdemonstrated that war prices for steel and many other ipaterials used in the construction of war vessels. as well as for labor. still prevailed. or at least that the recession had been almost imperceptible. and that during the current fiscal year but little reduction In such prices was anticipated. Construction. therefore. of a 1915 program. based on 191516 prices. could not economically be carried out on war price levels. It was therefore obvious that if we expended large sums during 1921 and 1922. being for the fiscal year 1922. we would be paying very much more for construction. for material. for labor. than would be required the following year. In other words. any work done in this fiscal year. would not be economicalmeasured by the resultsbecause of labor conditions and pricecommodity conditions. The ships now being built are not being cheaply built. but their cost is at least double that which was accepted as the basis in 191510.
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Mr. KING
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Mr. President-
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Does the Senator from Utah yield to the Senator from Washington?
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The PRESIDING OFFICER
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670,080,169
I yield.
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Mr. KING
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I was going to ask the Senator who testified? To what evidence was the Senator referring. to the effect that $90.000.000 was all that could be economically used? I never heard of any such testimony. I thought I was present at all the hearings. but this is the first I ever heard of any such testimony as that. I wish the Senator would point to the testimony.
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Mr. President. I do not say that any witness specifically so stated. but I contend that was the effect of the testimony of a number who came before the House and Senate committees. The implications and deductions rationally and properly arising from the testimony showed that construction at a later period would be cheaper than construction during the tiscal year of 1922.
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That was probably in some statement made by the Senator himself. I think the Senator suggested that. just as he is arguing it now. But the statements of the officers who are responsible for the administration of this money. repeatedly given and most emphatically made. were to the effect that a limitation of the appropriation to $90.000.000 would to all intents and purposes in itself amount to a building holiday. There was a movement for what was called a building holiday. I do not know whether the Senator from Utah took a position in favor of that or not. though some did. and there was a resolution introduced and referred to the committee inquiring whether it would not be practical and feasible to suspend work altogether upon capital ships. to have what was called a buildIng holiday. and there was a movement to get other naval powers to join the United States in a naval holiday. The attitude of the majority of the Naval Affairs Committee. and a majority of the Senate and of the naval authorities in the administration. was that we should proceed with reasonable expedition to carry out the construction program in which we were already engaged. Officers came before the committee. in view of that contention. and pointed out that the appropriation of only $90.000.000. in view of the engagements which had already been entered into. would amount in itself to a building holiday. and they pointed out in percentages the degree of slowing down. the reduction of force. the reduction of the progress of the work. that would be entailed by the appropriation of this amount in the percentages which I have already given to the Senate. That was the burden of all the testimony that I know anything about that came before the committee. I may say that subsequent events have verified that prediction and that statement made by the constructors of the department. and by all of the authorities who were familiar with the expenditure of the funds which had been appropriated for this coistruction program. because we have come to a time now. at this early date after the beginning of the fiscal year. when work has already been stopped on a number of those capital ships. and the money which was appropriated has been absorbed in meeting the obligations which had already been incurred. paying for material. paying to contractors and to subcontractors the money which was already owed to them. The case is much stronger than that which was stated to the committee and to the Senate. very different. indeed. from the statement which the Senator says was made to the committee. that this amount of money was all that could be economically used. On the contrary. Mr. President. it was pointed out that the very condition which is now existing would result in the unnecessary loss of millions of dollars by the disintegration of the forces engaged in this work. the discha~ge of the men. the deterioration of the material. all of which is now going on in a number of the yards where these ships are being built. Those are the facts. as I understand them. and I am surprised to hear at this late date that the Senator was under the impression that that amount of money was all that could be economically used.
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Of course. I contend that the $90.000.000 appropriated for new construction is not being economically expended. nor do I admit that such as is being expended in the construction of some of the capital ships is being properly or wisely expended. It must be remembered that some of the vessels have but a small per cent of the entire cost expended and that when completed they will be out of date -and the millions spent upon them practically wasted. Mr. President. I am sure that if the Senator from Washington. with the earnest zeal which lie has displayed for a big Navy and for the execution of the 191516 programa program that is archaic. reactionary. and I was about to say preposteroushad believed that $90.000.000 was insuflicient to carry out that program in an economical way for the coming year. he would have moved to increase the amount from $90.000.000 to such sum as he regarded imperatively necessaiy for. such purpose. I have no doubt. as the Senator has indicated. that those in control of the Navy Department. from the Secretary down. the officials who have worn ruts and grooves from which they can not escape and have thus unfitted themselves for the positions which they occupy. would have been glad to have had an appropriation of $464.000.000. in order that they might hurriedly complete the 191516 program. though in so doing it would have entailed upon the Government of the United States obligations and expenses which the country can not afford to bear. Moreover. it would have resulted in extravagance and waste and in the swelling of the cost of ship construction to such levels as to provoke public resentient of the bitterest character. Even the demand made by the majority party in the Senatefor the naval bill for 1922were condemned by the country and repudiated by the House. The Navy officials wanted as a ninimum $500.000.000. Some of us fought for material reductions. Tlme House cut the bill to $410.000.000. Mr. President. in 1915. before the lessons of the war were learned. a naval program was agreed upon by the General Board and the proper officials of the Navy Department. That program was conceived in the atmosphere of 193516. It was not predicated upon the full lessons of the war. upon the experiences gained in the naval contests of the war. but with a zeal worthy of a Peter the Hermit or a new proselyte to a cause that profoundly moved his moral nature. the Navy Department has devoted itself to the execution of that program. The same number of battleships and battle cruisers are to be built. and a blind devotion to capital ships must be exhibited. The officials have refused to follow the wise course which France pursued and which Great Britain pursued. France and Great Britain refused to build many shipsI qualify that. some shipswhich they had contemplated building before the war or in the early stages of the war. because of the valuable lessons of the war and the marvelous development in the means and instrumentalities of naval warfare. War upon the sea was almost. if not entirely. revolutionized during the great World War. The submarine and the torpedo boat and the mines and poison gases and airplanes ifitroduced new and vital factors into naval warfare. Many eminent naval authorities declared that the capital ship was menaced. that these new forces would in the future completely change sea warfare and sea strategy.
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Does the Senator state that the other naval powers have abandoned capital ships?.
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No. I did not say that.
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Then I did not understand the Senator.
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I said that France and Great Britain had pursued a wise policy and had abandoned the construction ofI said. first " many " ships. and I corrected that to " some " shipswhich they had contemplated building immediately before or in the early stages of the war.
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In the first place. France never did pretend to be a great naval power. never considered it as essential to her policy.
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I will not discuss that. but. conceding what the Senator states is true. it does not affect the statement I have made. France has a navy. France did contemplate building a number of ships before and in the early stages of the war. which she has abaudoned because of the lessons of the war. And she has scrapped war vessels which were in course of construction because of the new fighting forces which were developed during the war.
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On the contrary. France is enlarging her naval program and building more ships than she had intended to build. She may have changed the program in some respects. So have we. The same statement which the Senator has just made can be made as to the United States. We have abandoned a part of our program. The very bill which we reported provided for the abandonment of a number of ships which were provided for. But. so far as the accuracy. if I may use that word. of the statement of the Senator in regard to Great Britain is concerned. instead of abandoning the construction of capital ships. the contrary is true. If that makes any difference in the Senators argument I think he ought to take it into consideration. If the situation is just -the opposite of what he says it is. it seems to me it would have some bearing on this question.
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Mr. President. I can not agree with all the statements of my friend. Frances naval program is exceedingly simple. She is interested in the new naval forces introduced during the war. and doubtless will feel constrained to construct some additional large vessels because of the course which we are pursuing and which is influencing other nations. The Senator claims that we are changing in some respects our 1915 program and are abandoning a number of ships which it callcd for. The facts are that the essence of the 1915 program was the 17 capital ships. There is no change in that part of the program. Nor is there any change in the other essential parts of the plan. A transport is not being built. because unnecessary. and four submarines are not in process of construction now. but. as I understand. there is no purpose to abandon their construction. Mr. President. I hope the Senator from Washington will not impute to me words which I did not utter. I said a moment ago that he would not purposely do so. that I did not believe him capable of doing it. The Senator has just placed me in a position which I do not occupy. and. if I correctly understand him. has misinterpreted what I said concerning Great Britain. This is what I said. and I repeat it. that both France and Great Britain have abandoned the construction of some vesselswar vessels. I will addwhich they contemplated building before the war. or in the early stages of the war.
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We have done the same thing.
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We will come to that in a moment. The Senator states that if the fact that Great Britain is now building capital ships makes any difference in my position. I ought to state it. In the first place. I did not use the words "capital ships." But I will use them now. I stated to the Senator upon the floor of the Senate in March. when I helped to defeat the naval appropriation bill. and I repeated the statement when we were discussing the naval bill which passed a few weeks ago and is now law. that if we adhered to the program of 191516. obsolete or obsolescent as it would be when completed. and which would cost the American people approximately $1.500.000.000. Great Britain and Japan and perhaps other nations would regard it as a challenge to them and they would depart from their avowed purpose of limiting their armaments and begin the construction of capital ships. Within 90 days after Ifirst made this statement Great Britain modified her naval program. And France also indicated that she would add to her naval strength. What caused this change? The Navy Department. the Senate. and other elements in our country assumed a militant and belligerent attitude. There was constant talk about war. or the possibility of war. with Great Britain or Japan. or both. The able Senator from Washington and the leader of the majority in the Senate . as well as other Senators. urged huge appropriations for the Navy and manifested a militant spirit which was calculated to invite suspicion. if not resentment. upon the part of other nations. And there was much unwise comment in the press upon international affairs. and an apparent effort upon the part of many to rouse the anger or fear of nations whichdesired our friendship. When we were talking about a league of nations there were those among us who were insisting that we should spend hundreds of millions of dollars annually for naval purposes and that we should have a navy larger than that of Great Britain. Indeed. some persons contended that it should be as large as the combined navies of Great Britain and Japan. And I frankly state that the demand of Secretary Daniels for enormous appropriations were not calculated to reassure the naval powers of the earth. I believe that our unwise. inapt. and. indeed. foolishly belligerent and boastful position reacted upon Great Britain and Japan and other nations. The Senator knows that Great Britain had three capital ships upon the stocks upon which she had expended $16.500.000 and soon after the armistice she broke those ships to pieces. She did not construct a single capital ship during the latter part of the war or following the war. When the Senate in open session and in secret session. which soon became known to the public. talked about war and demanded nearly $1.000.000.000 a year for our Army and Navy. and when the jingoists flaunted the red flag of war in the face of other nations. particularly Japan and Great Britain. then a change occurred. Our conduct was largely responsible for that change. Ten or twelve years ago Japan projected a naval prograin called the 88 program. She had completed but a small part of that program when the war was over. Even after the armistice she proceeded slowly in its execution. as though she purposed abandoning it. Who shall say that our warlike talk and naval expenditures has not aroused fear upon the part of Japan? And there seems to be strong evidence that Great Britain was influenced to modify her plans by the manifest purpose upon our part to build 17 capital ships. together with all their accessories. And so only a few weeks ago a bill was introduced in the House of Commons calling for the construction of four superHoods. great capital ships. greater than any of our ships. These superHoods when completed. each one of them being 55.000 tons and carrying guns of 18 or 20 inches. will be greater than our new battleships. We have driven Great Britain. in my opinion. to a modification of her program. and our course has driven Japan. or the military party in Japan. to a militaristic attitude much stronger than would have been assumed if we had taken a wise and proper course. Mr. President. I admit that the Navy Department wanted larger appropriations. The first appropriation for the 191516 program called for $544.000.000. We have already given to the Navy Department in the execution of that program more than that amount. and yet it will take $500.000.000 more to complete it. and then it will not be completed. if I may be permitted an Irishism. We will perhaps complete those particular vessels that vere designated as constituents of the 191516 program. but the accessories which will be imperatively required to make the fleet a fighting unit. the necessary enlargement of the docks and harbors will require an additional appropriation. in my opinion. of from $400.000.000 to $500.000.000. So that the 1915 program that was to have cost $544.000.000 will cost the taxpayers of the United States approximately $1.500.000.000. Yet our Republican friends and some of our Democratic friends. who preach economy but practice profligacy and waste. exhibit their devotion to the cause of economy by supporting these unjustifiable demands upon the Public Treasury. The American taxpayer is now groaning beneath the burdens that are being imposed. I warn the Republican Party and I warn Democrats who support them in their unjustifiable expenditures that the patience and endurance of the American people have about AuuST 17. reached the breaking point. and you Republicans. who came into power flushed with victory upon a wave of empty promises. will be compelled to meet in a short time an angry and an indignant electorate. who will say to you "Thou art weighed in the balances and art found wanting." I commend those scriptural words to my religious friends upon the other side of the aisle. Mr. President. I must hasten along. because I do not wish to interfere with the consideration of the road bill. I said a moment ago that the $90.000.000 carried for construction upon the 191516 program was all that could be economically utilized during the coming year. My friend the Senator from Washington seems to challenge the accuracy of that statement. I say. Mr. President. that the testimony given before the Committees on Naval Affairs of the House and of the Senate warrants the implication and the deduction that that sum was all that could economically be expendedI repeat. economically. The Navy is not economical and perhaps never has been. The same is true of the War Department. and under all departments of the Government. Government control and operation means waste and extravagance and inefficiency. Under Democratic or Republican administration there seems but little change. The bureaucratic forces control both parties. at least the administrative processes of the Government. and the efforts to secure reforms and bring about retrenchment prove abortive. Vtederal departments and agencies seem to be the Nirvana which so many seek and the paradise into which many inefficient and incompetent enter. In the Democratic administration there were officials. bureaus. departments. instrumentalities. executives and otherwise. which did not always conserve the public welfare. One of the reasons why the Democrats were swept from power was because of the belief deep seated in the minds of many that they had riot been careful guardians of the public purse. and you Republicans are violating preelection promises.*you are effecting no economies. but seem intent upon employing the Government for partisan purposes. You not only do not guard the Treasury. but you extend an invitation to every fantastic and exotic claim. and the Treasury is being ravished by the unwise. improvident. and indefensible measures that are receiving the approval of the Republican administration. Mr. President. we should have suspended. as the first Borah resolution contemplated. the construction of at least five of the battleships upon which but 3 to 8 per cent of work had been done. and we should have suspended construction upon most of the battle cruisers until we had determined upon the naval policy which was to be adopted by us aid by the world. The Senator from Mississippi referred to the Senator from Idaho [Mr. BonAH]. and complimented him upon his earnest work for disarmament. I join in these felicitations. Let me supplement what the Senator from Mississippi said and state that the man who has been the foremost figure during the past five years in advocating disarmament and international amity and peace Is one who guided this Nation during eight long years of fateful events. He lead this mighty Nation into the World War in order that world peace might result and the liberties of the American people be preserved. His life was almost sacrified in the mighty work which he accomplished. When the history of these years shall be written by unprejudiced historians. when true historical facts have been recorded and the passions and the resentments of the hour have departed from the hearts of men. Woodrow Wilson will stand out as the collosal figure of his generation and as the foremost advocate of principles and policies which make for the peace and the happiness and the welfare of the world. Mr. President. I have been led to make these observations because of the statements of the distinguished Senator from Washington . Now. we will come to the bill before us. I shall support the amendment offered by my friend the Senator from Kansas . In so doing I do not wish to give a clean bill of health. let me tell him. to the Bureau of Roads of the Department of Agriculture. I think that bureau has been extravagant and wasteful and inefficient and some of its policies and practices have been absolutely indefensible. but it may be no worse and possibly it will be a little better than a new commission which would be created under the provisions of the bill without his amendment.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
333
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
2,857
3,043
08171921.txt
9,982
1,681
670,080,184
Mr. President-
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
334
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,044
3,044
08171921.txt
14
2
670,080,185
Does the Senator from Utah yield to the Senator from Kansas?
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
335
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,045
3,046
08171921.txt
60
11
670,080,186
Certainly.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
336
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,047
3,047
08171921.txt
10
1
670,080,187
Does the Senator from Utah think that the present Secretary will not benefit by the experience of the former Secretary and perhaps make some corrections?
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
337
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,048
3,051
08171921.txt
153
25
670,080,188
I think so. Of course. my good friend does not desire to be partisan. but if he does wish to be partisan. I am nonpartisan enough to confess that there were grievous mistakes made by the former administration and I shall as quickly condemn Democrats for their mistakes as I condemn Republicans.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
338
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,052
3,057
08171921.txt
294
52
670,080,189
I did not intend to be partisan in the comment which I made. I merely desired to know if the Senator did not think the new administration would profit by the experience of the past administration and make changes in its policy accordingly.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
339
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,058
3,062
08171921.txt
239
43
670,080,190
Mr. President. the Senator from Kansas and myself are old friends. We served in the House together. There is not a better man in public life than the Senator from Kansas. and. earnest Republican as he is. I have no doubt in the world that the Senator from Kansas will do what he believes to be right under all circumstances. I concede that the former administration. in respect to this particular bureau. made grievous blunders. I have no doubt that the present Secretary of Agriculture is trying to cure some of the mistakes that were made. That is the reason why I am willing to continue the control of this great work under the Department of Agriculture. The trouble with the people and with the Congress is that when an evil exists a demand is made for the creation of a commission. The people en masse in dealing with public questions are like the individual in dealing with physical ailments. When a physical ailment occurs a new doctor is sought. and then another. and still another. The patentmedicine theory which we apply to our physical ailments we exemplify in dealing with political problems. We have a patentmedicine theory of Government. If one patent medicine does not work. we try another. If one commission does not cure the eviland it never does. usually it aggravates itwe create another commission. When that fails and the disease becomes chronic. then our pathological experience or psychology prompts us to get another doctor. another commission. and so it is. commission upon commission. until we are overwhelmed with Federal commissions and bureaus and departments and agencies and boards. The Government is literally being broken down by the enormous weight of its own machinery. If we had less government and fewer bukeaus and officeholders. we would get better and more efficient government. The curse of our governmental system is the devouring appetite of the people for offices and the perennial fountain which pours forth the poisoned waters of bureaucracy. And the States and municipalities are being corrupted by the same evil. I am told that in one great State there are more than 200 commissions. I do not know how many hundreds of commissions and bureaus and Federal agencies and Federal instrumentalities there are in the Federal Government. I know.that there are hundreds of thousands who possess a civilservice status and hundreds of thousands more who are trying to obtain such status. There are hundreds of thousands who are drawing money from the Treasury of the United States. I know that we shall soon have a burden of pensioners upon the taxpayers so that there will be at least one pensioner for every four individuals who pay taxes to the Federal Government. I have hastily reached these figures which I submit. There are at this time classified substantially 645.000 persons. In the Army. on June 30. there were of officers and enlisted men 221.762. That number has been since reduced. In the Navy. on the same date. there were of officers and enlisted men. including the Marine Corps. 147.756. That will be reduced to 121.000. On the pension rolls of that date there were 566.053 persons. On the same date there were as beneficiaries on the records of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance 154.960 persons. and there have been a great many added since. and justly added. let me say. These make a total of 1.745.712 persons who are deriving support from the Treasury of the United States. Then there are thousands of retired officers and Federal employees who receive pensions and allowances from the Federal Treasury. Against these there were. in 1918. 4.425.114 persons who filed incometax returns. so that every five taxpayers are at this time carrying two persons. I- was mistaken in my former statement that there would soon be one pensioner for every four individuals. It is more. they are carrying two persons upon their backs. In addition to this. there are 48 States. 1.065 counties. 2.787 cities. 12.905 towns. making a total of 16.757 municipal corporations in the States. not including the school district and the precincts. which have their own independent complement of employees. It is certain. Mr. President. that the number of persons on the pay rolls of the States and of the municipal governments is as great as and. indeed. in my opinion. is greater than the number who are on the Federal pay and pension rolls of the United States Government. Upon this assumption the number of persons drawing pay from the public purse in the United States is at least 3.500.000. In my opinion it is more. it is probably between four and five million of people. Every person of any substantial productive power in the country makes an incometax return. The result of all this is that every five productive taxpayers of the United States are carrying four tax eaters upon their backs. It would seem. Mr. President. that it is time to call a halt and to quit creating new Fedcral bureaus and agencies and instrumentalities. Our Republican friends promise us another department or two departments. probably three. Some hysterical individual. some crank. some faddist goes out among the people and engages in propaganda for a new department for public health or public education or public this or public that. and the people. without thought in many instances. give their adhesion to these schemes to create new Federal agencies which will still further tax the people. Our Republican friends are fooling the people now. As to the tax bill that will come here in a day or two from the other House. is it parliamentary. Mr. President. to characterize a measure coming from the other House as deceptive? I will not say that. but the American people are being fooled by these pretenses of economy and of reductions in taxation. Why not be square and fair and open with the people and tell them that we do not have suflicient ability or statesmanship to reduce their burdens and their taxes? If we reduce taxes in one column. we will add burdens In another. I make the prediction now that when the fiscal year 1922 is ended the American people will find they have been compelled to pay $5.000.000.000 or more of taxes or have been compelled to borrow money to meet $5.000.000.000 or more of expenditures. The burdens that we are creating. the appropriations which we are making. make impossible a reduction in taxation. Mr. President. I hope the amendment which has been offered by the Senator from Kansas Will be adopted.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
340
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,063
3,184
08171921.txt
6,463
1,098
670,080,191
The question is on the amendment proposed by the Senator fronI Kansas to strike out section 3.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
341
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,185
3,187
08171921.txt
94
17
670,080,192
I ask for the yeas and nays.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
342
Mr. SIMMONS
Unknown
SIMMONS
Unknown
M
3,188
3,188
08171921.txt
28
7
670,080,193
I have a general pair with the senior Senator from New Hampshire . I do not know how lie would vote if present. Therefore I withhold my vote.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
343
Mr. BROUSSARD
Unknown
BROUSSARD
Unknown
M
3,191
3,194
08171921.txt
141
28
670,080,194
I have a pair with the junior Senator from Illinois . I transfer that pair to the senior Senator from Texas and vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
344
Mr. CARAWAY
Unknown
CARAWAY
Unknown
M
3,195
3,198
08171921.txt
124
25
670,080,195
I am paired with the junior Senator from West Virginia . If he were present. he would vote as I Intend to vote. I therefore feel at liberty to vote. and vote "yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
345
Mr. HARRISON
Unknown
HARRISON
Unknown
M
3,199
3,202
08171921.txt
164
33
670,080,196
I have a general pair with the Senator from Maine . which I transfer to the Senator from Nebraska and vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
346
Mr. JONES of New Mexico
Unknown
JONES
New Mexico
M
3,203
3,206
08171921.txt
114
23
670,080,197
I have a pair with the senior Senator from North Dakota [Mr. MCCUMBER1. I note that he is absent from the Chamber. I transfer my general pair with that Senator to the junior Senator from South Carolina and will vote. I vote "yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
347
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,207
3,211
08171921.txt
230
43
670,080,198
I have a general pair with the Senator from Alabama . which I transfer to the junior Senator from Maryland and vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
348
Mr. LODGE
Unknown
LODGE
Unknown
M
3,212
3,215
08171921.txt
123
24
670,080,199
I have a general pair with the junior Senator from Missouri . I do not know how he would vote. and I therefore withhold my vote. If at liberty to vote. I should vote " nay."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
349
Mr. POMERENE
Unknown
POMERENE
Unknown
M
3,216
3,219
08171921.txt
173
36
670,080,200
I have a general pair with the junior Senator from Kentucky . I am advised. however. that if present he would vote as I am about to vote. I therefore feel at liberty to vote. and vote "i y.ea."1
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
350
Air. STANLEY
Unknown
STANLEY
Unknown
M
3,220
3,224
08171921.txt
194
39
670,080,201
I transfer my pair with the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. S rITH] to the Senator from Iowa and will vote. I vote nay."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
351
Mr. STERLING
Unknown
STERLING
Unknown
M
3,225
3,228
08171921.txt
121
24
670,080,202
I transfer my pair with the senior Senator from Arkansas to the junior Senator from New Hampshire and will vote. I vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
352
Mr. SUTHERLAND
Unknown
SUTHERLAND
Unknown
M
3,229
3,233
08171921.txt
127
24
670,080,203
I transfer my pair with the senior Senator from Rhode Island to the junior Senator from Georgia and vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
353
Mr. TRAMMELL
Unknown
TRAMMELL
Unknown
M
3,234
3,237
08171921.txt
112
21
670,080,204
I have a pair with the senior Senator from Pennsylvania . Who is unavoidably absent. I transfer that pair to the Senator from West Virginia and vote "yea." The roll call was concluded.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
354
Mr. WILLIAMS
Unknown
WILLIAMS
Unknown
M
3,238
3,242
08171921.txt
184
33
670,080,205
I transfer my general pair with the Senator from Montana [Mr. WALI1su to the junior Senator from Delaware [Mr. Du PONT] and will vote. I vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
355
Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN
Unknown
FRELINGHUYSEN
Unknown
M
3,243
3,245
08171921.txt
149
28
670,080,206
I transfer my pair with the senior Senator from Tennessee to the junior Senator from Vermont and will vote. I vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
356
Mr. HALE
Unknown
HALE
Unknown
M
3,246
3,248
08171921.txt
122
23
670,080,207
I transfer my pair with the senior Senator from Georgia to the junior Senator from Kentucky and will vote. I vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
357
Mr. CALDER
Unknown
CALDER
Unknown
M
3,249
3,251
08171921.txt
121
23
670,080,208
I have a pair with the Senator from Michigan . In his absence I am compelled to withhold my vote. If at liberty to vote. I should vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
358
Mr. REED
Unknown
REED
Unknown
M
3,252
3,254
08171921.txt
142
30
670,080,209
I have a pair with the senior Senator from Vermont . I am Dot advised as to how lie would vote. and therefore am compelled to withhold my vote. If perinitted to vote. I should vote " yea."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
359
Mr. GLASS
Unknown
GLASS
Unknown
M
3,255
3,258
08171921.txt
188
38
670,080,210
I am a member of the committee reporting this bill. In order to get any bill reported out at this session. it was necessary to compromise. and to get the provision in the bill giving the State highway commissions the right to designate the roads in the various States I agreed to yield on the question of the Federal highway commission. Therefore I vote " nay" in accordance with the agreement made in the comittee.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
360
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,259
3,265
08171921.txt
415
75
670,080,211
I desire to announce the following pairs: The Senator from New Mexico [Mr. Bunsum] with the Senator from Louisiana . The Senator from New Jersey with the Senator from Oklahoma . and The Senator from Connecticut with the Senator from Montana .
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
361
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,266
3,272
08171921.txt
242
42
670,080,212
Mr. President. the adoption of this amendment will necessitate amending the committee amendment in a great many respects. *If the Senator from Michigan. in charge of the measure. desires to go on with it. I should like to suggest the other amendments. or. if lie prefers. as lie )robably knows better than I do where the other amendments would come in. I should be very glad to have the iatter laid aside in order to prepare the other amendments.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
362
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,373
3,380
08171921.txt
446
79
670,080,213
I think that will be absolutely necessary. because the measure is constructed on the other theory. and there will have to be a good many changes in it. as it seems to me. although I have no objection to the Senate proceeding to amend the measure on the floor if it desires to do so.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
363
Mr. TOWNSEND
Unknown
TOWNSEND
Unknown
M
3,381
3,385
08171921.txt
282
55
670,080,214
Air. President. unless the Senator desires to take some other course. I will state the amendments I propose. I understand that the Senator from Tennessee has an amendment which will obviate my offering quite a number of amendiments. I am willing to yield to him for that purpose. otherwise I will go on and suggest the various amendments.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
364
Air. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,386
3,406
08171921.txt
338
58
670,080,215
Mr. President. I want to suggest that now that the amendment of the Senator from Kansas has been adopted. it seems to ine we might just as well ask unanimous consent wherever the word " commission" appears in the committee amendment to strike it out and insert the words Secretary of Agriculture."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
365
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,407
3,412
08171921.txt
297
52
670,080,216
That will not answer. The committee amendment is so constructed that it would have to be changed in many respects.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
366
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,413
3,415
08171921.txt
114
20
670,080,217
I know. but surely that would obviate a great number of amendments. because that word appears here very frequently.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
367
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,416
3,418
08171921.txt
115
19
670,080,218
Unless the chairman desires to lay the measure aside in order to prepare the amendments that will be necessary. I shall offer the amendments. I move to strike out on page 4 all of section 4 down to and including the word " act " in line 13 of page 5.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
368
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,419
3,423
08171921.txt
250
51
670,080,219
The Senator from Kansas proposes an amendment. which will be stated.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
369
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,424
3,425
08171921.txt
68
11
670,080,220
CLERK. On page 4. commencing with line 13. it is proposed to strike out lines 13 to 25. both inclusive. and on page 5. lines 1 to 13. both inclusive. down to and including tile wgrd " act and the period.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
370
The READING
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,426
3,429
08171921.txt
203
41
670,080,221
Mr. President. may I make an inquiry of the Senator?
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
371
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,430
3,431
08171921.txt
52
10
670,080,222
That simply takes away the power of the coinmission and leaves it in the hands of the Secretary of Agriculture.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
372
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,432
3,434
08171921.txt
111
20
670,080,223
That is entirely right.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
373
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,435
3,435
08171921.txt
23
4
670,080,224
I understand that. but. if the Senator will pardon me. my understanding was also that this sectionI have not had time to read it since the Secretary stated itcalls upon other departments to deposit papers which they possess.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
374
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,436
3,439
08171921.txt
224
38
670,080,225
I will offer an amendment covering those.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
375
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,440
3,440
08171921.txt
41
7
670,080,226
Very well.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
376
Mr. KING
Unknown
KING
Unknown
M
3,441
3,441
08171921.txt
10
2
670,080,227
The question is on the amendment offered by the Senator from Kansas. The amendment to tile amendment was agreed to.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
377
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,442
3,444
08171921.txt
115
20
670,080,228
Mr. President. this provision. of course. is intonded to transfer to the commission the several road departments and road activities of the Government with the idea of concentrating them under one department. and of course that will have to .go out.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
378
Mr. TOWNSEND
Unknown
TOWNSEND
Unknown
M
3,445
3,449
08171921.txt
249
41
670,080,229
Now. on line 20. page 5. I offer an amendment striking out the word " commission " and inserting in lieu thereof the words " Secretary of Agriculture."
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
379
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,450
3,452
08171921.txt
151
28
670,080,230
I call the Senators attention to the fact that on line 19 also the word " commission " should be stricken out.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
380
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,453
3,455
08171921.txt
110
22
670,080,231
And the words " Secretary of Agriculture" inserted.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
381
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,456
3,457
08171921.txt
51
8
670,080,232
The amendments will be stated.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
382
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,458
3,459
08171921.txt
30
5
670,080,233
CLERK. On page 5. line 19. strike out the word commission " and insert the words " Secretary of Agriculture". also. in line 20. the same amendment.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
383
The READING
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,460
3,462
08171921.txt
147
27
670,080,234
And in line 21.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
384
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,463
3,463
08171921.txt
15
4
670,080,235
CLERIC. Also. in line 21.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
385
The READING
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,464
3,464
08171921.txt
25
5
670,080,236
Mr. President. just at that point we should strike out not only the word " commission " but the words " within 30 days after the appointment and organization of the commission." so that it will read: Is directed to turn over to the Secretary of Agriculture the equipment. material. supplies. papers. maps. and documents utilized in the exercise of such powers.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
386
Mr. WADSWORTH
Unknown
WADSWORTH
Unknown
M
3,465
3,471
08171921.txt
360
62
670,080,237
That is right.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
387
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,472
3,472
08171921.txt
14
3
670,080,238
That is right.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
388
Mr. McKELLAR
Unknown
MCKELLAR
Unknown
M
3,473
3,473
08171921.txt
14
3
670,080,239
I had intended to offer that amendment after this one was disposed of.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
389
Mr. CURTIS
Unknown
CURTIS
Unknown
M
3,474
3,475
08171921.txt
70
13
670,080,240
I beg the Senators pardon.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
390
Mr. WADSWORTH
Unknown
WADSWORTH
Unknown
M
3,476
3,476
08171921.txt
26
5
670,080,241
The question is -on the amendments proposed by the Senator from Kansas.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
391
The PRESIDING OFFICER
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Special
3,477
3,478
08171921.txt
71
12
670,080,242
Does that include the amendment striking out the words " within 30 days." and so forth?
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
392
Mr. CURTIS
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CURTIS
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3,480
3,481
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670,080,243
It does not.
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"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
393
The PRESIDING OFFICER
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3,482
3,482
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12
3
670,080,244
Then I move to.strike out the words "within 30 days " in line 20. and all of line 21.
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Mr. CURTIS
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CURTIS
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3,483
3,484
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85
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670,080,245
The amendment will be stated.
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"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
395
The PRESIDING OFFICER
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3,485
3,485
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29
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670,080,246
CLERK. Strike out of lines 20 and 21 the words "the commission within 30 days after the appointment and organization of the commission." and insert "the Secretary of Agriculture." The amendment to the amendment was agreed to.
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396
The READING
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3,486
3,491
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Mr. President. for information I inquire of the Senator whether his amendments now do not strike out the provision found in the bill that the Council of National Defense within 30 days shall turn over its equipment. and so forth?
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397
Mr. KING
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KING
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3,492
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No. that provision is left in. On page 6. line 3. I move to strike out the word " commission" and insert the words " Secretary of Agriculture."
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398
Mr. CURTIS
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CURTIS
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3,496
3,498
08171921.txt
143
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670,080,249
The amendment will be stated.
S
"1921-08-17T00:00:00"
399
The PRESIDING OFFICER
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3,499
3,499
08171921.txt
29
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670,080,250
SECRETARY. On page 6. line 3. strike out the word " commission " and insert in lieu thereof the words " Secretary of Agriculture." The amendment to the amendment was agreed to.
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400
The ASSIsTANT
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Special
3,500
3,503
08171921.txt
176
32