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sciq
Evolutionary adaptation is evidenced by different shapes of what structures in birds with different food preferences?
Stomach
necks
beaks
claws
beaks
sciq
Biomass, solar, wind, water, and geothermal power are examples of what kinds of energy resources?
renewable
fossil fuel
electrical
mechanical
renewable
sciq
What group of simple organisms recycles nutrients and has been on earth since long before multicellular life appeared?
prokaryotes
bacteria
eukaryotes
protists
prokaryotes
sciq
What are the rod-like structures made of short microtubules that play an important part in cellular division?
centrioles
fibrils
cilia
mitochondria
centrioles
sciq
Where do most biochemical reactions take place?
outside of cells
within cells
stomach
upper atmosphere
within cells
sciq
What are organisms that depend on other living things for food?
products
buyers
consumers
customers
consumers
sciq
Most motions in nature follow ________ rather than straight lines?
curved paths
vertical paths
sharp paths
horizontal paths
curved paths
sciq
In a carbon triple bond, how many pairs of electrons are shared?
four
one
two
three
three
sciq
In living systems, diffusion of substances into and out of cells is mediated by the what membrane?
gas
fluid
ferment
plasma
plasma
sciq
What are the "levels" in a food chain or web called?
gauges
parts
root
trophic
trophic
sciq
In which state of matter do particles take the shape of their container, but cannot expand to fill it?
chemical
liquid
gas
mixture
liquid
sciq
What process joins two haploid gametes into a diploid zygote?
fusion
migration
embryo
fertilization
fertilization
sciq
The oxygen atom in a water molecule pull the electrons away from the hydrogen atoms which leads to an unequal distribution of what?
nitrogen
atomic mass
orbits
charge
charge
sciq
What are the antibodies an animal produces after exposure to a microbial antigen?
isolated
chimeric
polyclonal
monoclonal
polyclonal
sciq
Where are most plants firmly rooted?
grass
mineral
rock
soil
soil
sciq
What reaction is considered the reverse of photosynthesis?
cellular transfer
cellular decay
cellular respiration
cellular digestion
cellular respiration
sciq
Some compounds containing hydrogen are members of an important class of substances known as what?
acids
ions
bases
proteins
acids
sciq
What kind of beneficial relationships with other organisms are common in the plant kingdom?
mutualistic
symbiotic
autotrophic
Host
mutualistic
sciq
Gas, liquid, and solid describe what property of matter?
states
Chemical
Physical
Quatitative
states
sciq
As with other organic compounds that form hydrogen bonds, water solubility of amines is reflected in the length of what?
carbon chains
hydrocarbon bonds
nuclei chains
complex carbohydrates
carbon chains
sciq
What do you call the membrane lining the back of the eye?
stimulation
aperture
retina
cornea
retina
sciq
A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to become what?
fetus
embryo
unfertilized egg
fertilized egg
fertilized egg
sciq
Which waves have the longest wavelengths but the least energy in the atmosphere?
microwaves
channel waves
light waves
radio waves
radio waves
sciq
What is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer called?
ditch
canal
moat
well
well
sciq
What can sodium ions not pass through?
narrowness lipid bilayer
benthic lipid bilayer
nonpolar lipid bilayer
Lipid Control
nonpolar lipid bilayer
sciq
What will the contraction of smooth muscles help organs do?
carry out functions
move across distances
move joints
fine motor movements
carry out functions
sciq
Lenses make use of what to create images?
resonance of light
envelopment of light
refraction of light
stimulation of light
refraction of light
sciq
What is another term for nearsightedness?
myopia
astigmatism
anemia
hypoxia
myopia
m1_mnlp
I want to send a value to Bob without him knowing which value I sent and such that I cannot change my mind later when I reveal it in clear. I should use \dots
a digital signature.
a commitment scheme.
a PRNG.
a stream cipher.
a commitment scheme.
sciq
What form when water vapor condenses in the air around specs of matter?
humidity
condensation
clouds
storms
clouds
sciq
Community interactions are important factors in what?
natural selection
natural resources
natural process
natural change
natural selection
sciq
What are the strongest chemical bonds?
covalent and ionic bonds
mutual and stock bonds
curvature and ionic bonds
weak and ionic bonds
covalent and ionic bonds
sciq
Intestinal cells combine with proteins to create what?
chondrocytes
amino acids
lipoproteins
chylomicrons
chylomicrons
sciq
Most animals are in which clade?
bilateria
synapsids
metazoa
eutheria
bilateria
sciq
What makes a complete orbit around the earth once every 29 1/2 days?
the moon
Gemini
Mars
the Sun
the moon
sciq
There are three different types of rna. all three types are needed to make what?
proteins
lipids
acids
Blood
proteins
sciq
Which gland is an extension of the hypothalamus?
pineal gland
adrenal gland
salivary gland
posterior pituitary gland
posterior pituitary gland
sciq
What are atoms or groups of atoms called which carry and electrical charge?
molecules
protons
electrons
ions
ions
sciq
The fetus is connected to what by a tube called the umbilical cord?
Fallopian tube
Intestines
placenta
Stomach
placenta
sciq
What is the term for the buildup of electric charge on an object, which can be transferred to another when touched?
static electricity
electromagnetic electricity
electric potential
static cling
static electricity
sciq
The afferent arterioles service about 1.3 million of what in each kidney?
neurons
axons
nephrons
dendrites
nephrons
sciq
Insulin is produced by what cells of the pancreas?
platelet
gamma
alpha
beta
beta
sciq
What basic structures are called the building blocks of life and comprise all living things?
seeds
lipids
pigments
cells
cells
sciq
What are the sporophytes in ferns?
spores
cycles
leafy plants
leaves
leafy plants
sciq
What are the ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water?
enzymes
isotopes
bases
acids
bases
sciq
Besides the endocrine system, what other system exerts control over all the organ systems of the body?
circulatory system
nervous system
skeleton system
abnormal system
nervous system
sciq
The main functions of what complex carbohydrates are to store energy and form structural tissues?
monosaccharides
polysaccharides
oligosaccharides
polypeptides
polysaccharides
sciq
Which state of matter lacks a fixed volume, fixed shape, and consists of charged particles?
atoms
isotopes
ions
electrons
ions
sciq
In science, what is a bit of information that is true?
lie
falsehood
a fact
theory
a fact
sciq
What's the term for a relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits?
symbiosis
morphogenesis
dermatitis
meiosis
symbiosis
sciq
What type of tissue is blood?
nervous
muscular
connective
epithelial
connective
sciq
What type of organism is commonly used in preparation of foods such as cheese and yogurt?
mesophilic organisms
viruses
gymnosperms
protozoa
mesophilic organisms
sciq
A nerve cell that carries messages is called a?
stem cell
platelet
mitochondria
neuron
neuron
sciq
When traveling through space what do mechanical waves lose?
Force
Speed
Mass
energy
energy
sciq
The rate at which an unstable isotope decays is measured in a unit known as what?
half-time
full-life
staying-life
half-life
half-life
sciq
What is a measure of the amount of space a substance or an object takes up?
density
volume
speed
mass
volume
sciq
In many polychaetes, the parapodia are richly supplied with blood vessels and also function as what?
scales
gills
pores
tails
gills
sciq
What are named for their “spiny skin”?
echinoderms
amphibians
reptiles
arachnids
echinoderms
sciq
How do most echinoderms reproduce?
grafting
asexually
flowering
sexually
sexually
sciq
How does lysozyme destroy bacteria?
by antibiotic use
by eating them
by paralyzing them
by digesting their cell walls
by digesting their cell walls
sciq
Maltose, lactose, and sucrose are common types of what, which are distinguished by their monosaccharide constituents?
oxides
silicates
disaccharides
precipitates
disaccharides
m1_mnlp
Which assertion has not been proven?
SAT $\in IP$.
SAT $\in P$.
SAT is $NP$-complete.
SAT $\in NP$.
SAT $\in P$.
sciq
What is the type of succession that happens after the destruction of a habitat?
typical succession
primary succession
tertiary succession
secondary succession
secondary succession
sciq
What is first year after birth is called?
primary stage
infancy
adolescence
neonatal stage
infancy
sciq
Whereas each cell shares the same genome and dna sequence, each cell does not turn on, or express, the same set of what?
eggs
genes
babies
balls
genes
sciq
A pulley is a simple machine that consists of a grooved wheel and?
a battery
a lever
a wedge
a rope
a rope
sciq
Chytridiomycota are considered the most primitive of what kingdom?
plants
fungi
protists
animals
fungi
sciq
What process takes place when echinoderms release their gametes into the water?
stimulation
fertilization
migration
isolation
fertilization
sciq
What two element makes up a hyrdocarbon?
carbon and hydrogen
helium and carbon
hydrogen and carbonite
nitrogen and carbon
carbon and hydrogen
sciq
Fungi are unique in having cell walls made of what?
Protein
prokaryotic
chitin
lectin
chitin
sciq
The word fungus comes from the latin word for what?
mushroom
vegetable
spore
mold
mushroom
sciq
What do hydrophilic substances have an affinity for?
water
soil
heat
air
water
sciq
What is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and with their environment?
zoology
botany
genetics
ecology
ecology
sciq
The small, egg-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus are called?
ovaries
kidneys
glands
lungs
ovaries
sciq
What structures sweep laterally, hugging the pelvic walls, then turn medially and pierce the bladder wall obliquely?
tubules
catheters
fallopian tube
ureters
ureters
sciq
Receptor clustering happens when what binds to the receptors?
lipid molecules
fas molecules
enzymes
carbohydrates
fas molecules
sciq
Both alpha and beta decay change the number of what in an atom's nucleus?
protons
neutrons
Gamma decay
electrons
protons
sciq
What are misfolded versions of normal brain proteins?
protons
humans
ribosomes
prions
prions
sciq
What occurs when a substance reacts quickly with oxygen?
oxidation
catalytic conversion
combustion reaction
convection
combustion reaction
sciq
Visible light has what that can be detected by the human eye?
dimensions
wavelengths
patterns
colors
wavelengths
sciq
The testes produce what hormone?
estrogen
testosterone
insulin
dopamine
testosterone
sciq
How many mass distinctions have radically altered the history of life?
one
five
four
six
five
sciq
How many valence electrons can be found in a carbon atom?
five
three
four
One
four
sciq
When methane burns, what is produced along with carbon dioxide?
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
water
water
sciq
Energy comes in discrete packages called what?
quota
quasi
quasar
quanta
quanta
sciq
What component of cells is present in plant and bacterial cells but not animal cells?
nucleus
cell wall
plasma
mitochondria
cell wall
sciq
Gases such as co2 and methane can trap what energy in earth's atmosphere, before radiating it into space?
potential energy
sunlight energy
thermal energy
mechanical energy
thermal energy
sciq
Blood leaves the left ventricle via the what?
aorta
capillary
dorsal chamber
atrium
aorta
sciq
Tissues of marine bony fishes gain what from their surroundings?
excess salts
absorb salts
mercury
toxins
excess salts
sciq
Spirals, spheres, and rods are examples of what distinguishing property of bacteria?
color
shape
function
organ
shape
sciq
The creation and destruction of oceanic crust is the reason what moves?
planets
continents
animals
oceans
continents
sciq
What monthy cycle causes changes in the ovaries and uterus?
sleep-wake cycle
water cycle
tides
the menstrual cycle
the menstrual cycle
sciq
What is the fruiting body that occurs after two hyphae mate and form a mycelium with sporangia?
fungus
mold
mushroom
yeast
mushroom
sciq
What is defined as a group of living and nonliving things and their environment?
habitat
degradation
ecosystem
degradation
ecosystem
sciq
Condensation, melting, deposition, sublimation, vaporization, and freezing are all considered changes in what?
altitude
speed
state
density
state
sciq
The goal of homeostasis is the maintenance of what, around a point or value called a set point?
equilibrium
agitation
steadiness
imbalance
equilibrium
sciq
The gender of a baby is determined by what special pair of chromosomes?
diploid chromosomes
reflection chromosomes
sister chromatids
sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes
sciq
Karyotyping shows whether what structures, which contain genetic information, are normal in number and appearance?
chromosomes
nucleoids
neutrons
ribosomes
chromosomes
sciq
The plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall as it shrivels. what is this process called?
fluctuations
plasmolysis
sporozoans
osmosis
plasmolysis
sciq
The largest absorption of heat comes during the vaporization of what?
liquid water
magma
carbon dioxide
ice
liquid water