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sciq
Nuclei with even numbers of protons, neutrons, or both are more likely to be this?
solid
unstable
stable
ionic
stable
m1_mnlp
Consider the Diffie-Hellman secret-key-exchange algorithm performed in the cyclic group $(\mathbb{Z}/11\mathbb{Z}^\star, \cdot)$. Let $g=2$ be the chosen group generator. Suppose that Alice's secret number is $a=5$ and Bob's is $b=3$. Which common key $k$ does the algorithm lead to? Check the correct answer.
$10$
$7$
$9$
$8$
$10$
sciq
What does water treatment do to water?
removes unwanted substances
restores bacteria
adds flavor
increases volume
removes unwanted substances
sciq
What basic structure holds plants upright, bears leaves and other structures, and transports fluids between roots and leaves?
flowers
stem
leaves
branches
stem
sciq
What are the male reproductive cells called?
plasma
mucus
ova
sperm
sperm
sciq
What do we call the orderly sequence of events in the life of a cell from the division of a single parent cell to produce two new daughter cells, to the subsequent division of those daughter cells?
cell replication
cell cycle
circadian cycle
cell death
cell cycle
sciq
How many protons and electrons each do carbon atoms have?
five
six
nine
two
six
sciq
White blood cells called what travel to areas of the body that are inflamed?
phagocytes
platelets
spirochetes
gametocytes
phagocytes
sciq
Where a cell resides, how it appears, and what it does define its what?
development fate
life cycle
minute race
slowing rate
development fate
sciq
What type of numerical figure is important in considering the precision and accuracy of a number?
insignificant
component
exponent
significant
significant
sciq
The combustion of propane gas produces carbon dioxide and what else?
carbon monoxide
phosphorous
methane
water vapor
water vapor
sciq
Dna consists of how many long chains of nucleotides?
zero
three
one
two
two
sciq
What does a keratometer measure in the cornea?
diameter
Width
Lenght
curve
curve
sciq
Living organisms are comprised of organic compounds, which are molecules built around what element?
oxygen
silicon
helium
carbon
carbon
sciq
What are long chains of amino acids?
proteins
Fatty Acid Chains
cells
lipids
proteins
sciq
How many classes of biochemical compounds are there?
three
five
four
one
four
sciq
All polar compounds contain what type of bonds?
weak
balanced
polar
strong
polar
sciq
No chemical process on the planet can match the output of what process?
glycolysis
pollination
sexual reproduction
photosynthesis
photosynthesis
sciq
What is the name for the energy required for an electron to be added to a neutral atom in its gaseous form?
electron affinity
photon affinity
mass affinity
neutron affinity
electron affinity
sciq
What happens when heated water is released into a body of water?
geysers
thermal pollution
gaseous pollution
crystalline pollution
thermal pollution
sciq
What are the infoldings of the inner membrane called?
brickle
ceranae
lineage
cristae
cristae
sciq
Nitrogen is a very important element to living things, because it is part of nucleotides and amino acids that are the building blocks of nucleic acids and these?
lipids
cells
proteins
follicles
proteins
sciq
What is the percentage of earthquakes that take place within a plate, away from plate boundaries?
6%
4 %
5%
3 %
5%
sciq
What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?
digestion
to transport
implanatation
respiration
to transport
sciq
A plant that forms special tissues for storing water in an arid climate is an example of the plant evolving what?
divergence
consciousness
additions
adaptations
adaptations
sciq
If the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is the same as the natural frequencies of the system, the transfer of what is much more efficient?
heat
light
energy
sound
energy
sciq
Over many generations, the resulting genetic diversity provides valuable raw material for what?
characteristic selection
natural selection
intelligent selection
coral selection
natural selection
sciq
What is the most familiar fibrous protein found in your body?
Collagen
Actin
keratin
cellulose
keratin
sciq
Because of it's repeating pattern, what is mendeleev's table of the elements called?
periodic table
phases table
serial chart
cycles table
periodic table
sciq
If pollination occurs, what does the zygote develop into?
an embryo
an ovum
a sperm
an egg
an embryo
sciq
What allowed life to expand and diversify during the early cambrian period?
warm, humid climate
cool, dry climate
cool, humid climate
hot, dry climate
warm, humid climate
sciq
What is the large muscle that extends across the bottom of the chest below the lungs called?
uterus
pectoral
abdomen
diaphragm
diaphragm
sciq
What property does liquid display when it interacts with glass?
property of adhesion
property of oxidize
property of repulsion
property of diffusion
property of adhesion
sciq
What process allows plants to convert light energy into sugars and energy for food?
glycolysis
photosynthesis
respiration
digestion
photosynthesis
sciq
What is it called when liquid water falls from the sky?
precipitation
water cycling
erosion
sedimentation
precipitation
m1_mnlp
What is the algorithm to perform optimization with gradient descent? Actions between Start loop and End loop are performed multiple times. (One answer)
1 Start loop, 2 Initialize weights, 3 Compute gradients, 4 Update weights, 5 End loop
1 Initialize weights, 2 Start loop, 3 Compute gradients, 4 Update weights, 5 End Loop
1 Initialize weights, 2 Start loop, 3 Update weights, 4 End loop, 5 Compute gradients
1 Initialize weights, 2 Compute gradients, 3 Start loop, 4 Update weights, 5 End loop
1 Initialize weights, 2 Start loop, 3 Compute gradients, 4 Update weights, 5 End Loop
sciq
The first plants probably evolved from what?
mould
moss
aquatic green algae
dry green algae
aquatic green algae
sciq
Tin is oxidized at the anode, while silver ion is reduced at?
iodine
cathode
gamma
anodyne
cathode
sciq
What phenomenon is crowding out other species and making all the other causes of extinction worse?
human overpopulation
migration
human suburbanization
climate change
human overpopulation
sciq
Birds actually have two basic types of feathers: flight feathers and?
landing feathers
shed feathers
down feathers
colorful plumes
down feathers
sciq
What organ senses sound?
ear
brain
teeth
eyes
ear
sciq
What is the name for tiny animals that feed on phytoplankton?
zooplankton
larvae
jellyfish
krill
zooplankton
sciq
The presence of what, which acts as a trigger, affects the rate of chemical reaction?
heat
catalyst
light
friction
catalyst
sciq
The development of specific structures in specific locations is called what?
speciation
pattern formation
adaptation
specialty skills
pattern formation
sciq
What are the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?
crustaceans
mammals
cephalopods
arthropods
arthropods
sciq
What are reactions that can occur only in one direction called?
critical
permanent
irreversible
instantaneous
irreversible
sciq
In their pure form, all elements have an oxidation number of what?
7
2
zero
3
zero
sciq
In which organ are bile acids made
liver
spleen
gall bladder
kidney
liver
sciq
What is the term for the process of exposing a person to a pathogen on purpose in order to develop immunity?
ramping
priming
evacuation
vaccination
vaccination
sciq
What is established by the ph differences between the two sides of the blastoderm cells?
cylindrical - ventral axis
posterior axis
proximal axis
dorsal-ventral axis
dorsal-ventral axis
m1_mnlp
A Carmichael number $n$ ...
will always pass Fermat's test for any $0 < b < n$.
will be considered as a prime by the Miller-Rabin algorithm.
is a prime number.
verifies that $\forall b$, $\mathsf{gcd}(b,n)=1$ implies that $b^{n-1} \equiv 1 \ \pmod n $.
verifies that $\forall b$, $\mathsf{gcd}(b,n)=1$ implies that $b^{n-1} \equiv 1 \ \pmod n $.
sciq
What is the science of classifying the many organisms on earth called?
methodology
general classification
taxonomy
terminology
taxonomy
sciq
Air quality is a measure of what in the air?
precipitation
nitrogen
pollutants
oxygen
pollutants
sciq
Living in a large colony requires good communication. ants communicate with chemicals called what?
peptides
alkalides
hormones
pheromones
pheromones
sciq
In what kind of bond does one atom contribute both of the electrons in the shared pair?
a covalent bond
a metallic bond
an ionic bond
a valence bond
a covalent bond
sciq
What is the sum of all biochemical reactions in cells called?
metabolism
evolution
diffusion
respiration
metabolism
sciq
Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates?
hearts
lungs
kidneys
brains
brains
sciq
Warming conditions and, perhaps, human activities contributed to what fate of many organisms of the pleistocene era?
accumulation
evolution
extinction
overpopulation
extinction
sciq
In biological augmentation, ecologists use what to add essential materials to ecosystems?
stem cells
organisms
sediments
fluids
organisms
sciq
Lactose is a disaccharide consisting of the monomers glucose and what?
fructose
glycerol
sucrose
galactose
galactose
sciq
The thick tunica media allows muscular arteries to play a leading role in what?
vasodilation
inhibition
vasoconstriction
accumulation
vasoconstriction
sciq
If a human only has 45 chromosomes it is most likely due to a mistake during what?
meiosis
mitosis
plexus
testis
meiosis
sciq
What theory says stresses build on both sides of a fault?
Geiger theory
seismic load theory
elastic rebound theory
Big Bang theory
elastic rebound theory
sciq
What are the three main types of rocks?
sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
limestone , igneous and metamorphic
crystalline , igneous and metamorphic
plutonic, igneous and metmorphic
sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic
sciq
What is the continental margin made of?
boundary crust
continental crust
pangea
continental drift
continental crust
sciq
What types of incest behaviors are controlled by genes?
physical behaviors like flying and mating
instinctive behaviors like flying and mating
psychological behaviors like flying and mating
byproduct behaviors like flying and mating
instinctive behaviors like flying and mating
sciq
What term means controlling body temperature within a narrow range from the inside through biochemical or physical means?
endothermy
exothermy
evaporation
regulation
endothermy
sciq
What does blood pickup from the lungs to be carried throughout the rest of the body?
carbon
white blood cells
platelets
oxygen
oxygen
sciq
The binding of what helps eliminate antigens by phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis
proteins
antibodies
fats
amino acids
antibodies
sciq
What are the 3 orders of amphibians?
monotremata, artiodactyla, rodentia
hagfish, lampreys, acanthodii
bees, caddisflies, antilions
frogs, salamanders, caecilians
frogs, salamanders, caecilians
sciq
What do halogens require electrons to achieve?
formation
fusion
octet
coupling
octet
sciq
What are the three most common elements in the air we breathe?
nitrogen, oxygen and argon
nitrogen, argon, hydrogen
argon, oxygen, hydrogen
oxygen, nitrogen, H20
nitrogen, oxygen and argon
m1_mnlp
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve. Solving which of the following problems would help you to break Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) over $E$?
Let $P,Q \in E$. Given $P$ and $Q$, compute the product between $P$ and $Q$, i.e., $P \times Q$.
Let $P \in E$ and $\ell \in \mathbb{N}$. Given $P$ and $\ell P$, compute $\ell$.
Let $P,R \in E$. Given $P$ and $P+R$, compute $R$.
Find a point which is not on the curve $E$.
Let $P \in E$ and $\ell \in \mathbb{N}$. Given $P$ and $\ell P$, compute $\ell$.
sciq
Scientists found that the youngest rocks on the seafloor were where?
mid - ocean sediments
mid-ocean ridges
mid - ocean glaciers
trenches.
mid-ocean ridges
sciq
What do you call pure substances with unique properties?
structures
originals
elements
arrangements
elements
sciq
Stomata are the main avenues of transpiration, the evaporative loss of water from what?
leaves
stalks
roots
fruits
leaves
sciq
What kind of eruption do scientists think is caused by a very large magma chamber erupting entirely in one catastrophic explosion?
supermagma eruption
supervolcano eruption
mangxamba eruption
brucei eruption
supervolcano eruption
sciq
All planets exhibit the same or nearly the same direction and shape of what path around the sun?
revolution
ellipse
orbit
nucleus
orbit
sciq
Metallic bonds allow metals to do what, in the manner of a willow tree?
grow
stand tall
break easily
bend without breaking
bend without breaking
sciq
A mitotic spindle forms from the centrioles and passes through the nuclear membrane, which remains intact. chromosomes attach to the mitotic spindle, which separates the chromosomes and does what?
migrates the cell
manipulates the cell
destroys the cell
elongates the cell
elongates the cell
sciq
What are 3 types of light?
solar , visible , ultraviolet
infrared, visible, ultraviolet
diffuse, ambient, opaque
complementary, incandescent, fluorescent
infrared, visible, ultraviolet
sciq
Loss of energy is the reason that what typically has few levels?
video games
humans
the atmosphere
food chain
food chain
sciq
What is the process bacteria use to break down chemicals into food?
biosynthesis
gametogenesis
chemosynthesis
cellular respiration
chemosynthesis
sciq
What happens when when the immune system does not work properly?
stroke
immunodeficiency
diabetes
anemia
immunodeficiency
sciq
What environment do animals with gills live in?
air
cold
water
underground
water
sciq
What is the term for a push or a pull on an object?
effort
action
gravity
force
force
sciq
Hundreds of organelles called myofibrils, made up of two types of protein filaments, are contained in each fiber of what?
hair
muscle
bone
cartilage
muscle
sciq
What is produced when haploid gametes fuse in sexual reproduction?
cell cluster
deformity
diploid zygote
isolated zygote
diploid zygote
sciq
What are hydrocarbons with double bonds called?
amines
aldehydes
alkenes
alcohols
alkenes
sciq
Which system refers to the skin and its accessory structures?
malpighian system
digestive system
integumentary system
tomoxia system
integumentary system
sciq
What is the only substance on earth that is stable in all three states?
air
mercury
carbon
water
water
sciq
When the air temperature reaches the dew point, water vapor starts to do what?
germinate
condense
dissipate
evaporate
condense
sciq
What are the contacts between neurons called?
synapses
impulses
neurapses
electrodes
synapses
sciq
Which gas do people exhale during each breath?
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
oxygen
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
sciq
Which radiations helps sterilize medical supplies?
ionizing radiation
ions radiation
beta radiation
gamma radiation
ionizing radiation
sciq
Batteries produce voltage through what type of reaction?
radiation
chemical
thermal
magnetic
chemical
sciq
What is the most commonly used source of energy in the world?
oil
water
electricity
wind
oil
sciq
What hits the eardrum and causes it to vibrate?
decibels
sound waves
cilia
microwaves
sound waves
sciq
What type of compounds make up the cells and tissues of living things?
proximal
hormonal
biochemical
microbial
biochemical
sciq
Connected to agriculture, forestry, mining, and urbanization, what is the single biggest cause of extinction today?
freshwater loss
hunting
habitat loss
global warming
habitat loss