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[INST] What does the abbreviation RAMS mean? [/INST] Reliability, availability, maintainability and safety. | standarts |
[INST] What does the abbreviation RC mean? [/INST] Repair Coverage. | standarts |
[INST] What does the abbreviation SRAC mean? [/INST] Safety-related Application Conditions. | standarts |
[INST] What does the abbreviation TFFR mean? [/INST] Tolerable Functional Failure Rate. | standarts |
[INST] What does the abbreviation THR mean? [/INST] Tolerable Hazard Rate. | standarts |
[INST] What is a Environmental conditions? [/INST] Physical, chemical or biological conditions external to a product which would result inis exposed for a certain period of time. | standarts |
[INST] What is a Equipment cabinet/box? [/INST] Any enclosure used as a housing for mechanical, electrical and/or electronic equipment. | standarts |
[INST] What is a Environmental influence? [/INST] One or more physical, chemical or biological quantities that characterize an environmental influencerecord (e.g. temperature, humidity). | standarts |
[INST] What is a Severity of an environmental factor? [/INST] The value that characterizes the environmental influence. | standarts |
[INST] What is a braking? [/INST] Process which results in the deceleration of the train, or maintaining a constant speed on a gradient or preventing a stationary train from moving. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake, or brake system? [/INST] Device or combination of devices, the principal function of which is to cause braking. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake system compatibility? [/INST] Ability of the brake systems that are coupled together to achieve the specified levels of braking performance, functionality and safety. | standarts |
[INST] What is a braking performance? [/INST] Parameters and their values used to quantify braking as described in applicable braking standards. | standarts |
[INST] What is a stopping braking? [/INST] Braking from an initial speed to a standstill. | standarts |
[INST] What is a deceleration? [/INST] Result of a force acting contrary to the direction of movement. | standarts |
[INST] What is a slowing braking? [/INST] Braking from an initial speed to a final speed, but not standstill. | standarts |
[INST] What is a drag braking? [/INST] Braking on a gradient to a substantially constant speed value. | standarts |
[INST] What is a stationary braking? [/INST] Braking used to prevent a stationary train from moving, using the holding brake, immobilisation brake or parking brake. | standarts |
[INST] What is a holding brake? [/INST] Brake which is used to prevent a stationary train from moving, under the specified conditions and for a specified time, when the brake system energy used is being replenished. | standarts |
[INST] What is a immobilisation brake? [/INST] Brake which is used to prevent a stationary train from moving, under the specified conditions and for a specified time, using just the brake system energy stored on the train. | standarts |
[INST] What is a parking brake? [/INST] Brake which is used to prevent a stationary train from moving, under the specified conditions and for an unlimited period of time, without the need for any brake system energy replenishment following application. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake force? [/INST] Force generated by the brake system to hold, slow, or stop the train, or when drag braking the train. | standarts |
[INST] What is a retarding force? [/INST] Summation of all forces acting on the train that cause braking. | standarts |
[INST] What is a static mass? [/INST] Mass applied at the wheel-rail interface, with the train or vehicle in a stationary condition. | standarts |
[INST] What is a equivalent rotating mass? [/INST] Equivalent mass of the moment of inertia of the wheelsets and coupled rotating parts of the train. | standarts |
[INST] What is a dynamic mass? [/INST] Sum of the static mass and the equivalent rotating mass. | standarts |
[INST] What is a wheel / rail adhesion? [/INST] Physical phenomenon at the wheel-rail interface used to transmit a tangential force. | standarts |
[INST] What is a coefficient of adhesion? [/INST] Ratio of the tangential force at the wheel-rail interface and the force at this interface acting perpendicular to the surface of the rail. | standarts |
[INST] What is a fully established brake? [/INST] State in which each functioning brake equipment type is assumed to have reached the brake force corresponding to the brake demand. | standarts |
[INST] What is a braking distance with a fully established brake? [/INST] Distance travelled with a fully established brake force to a point when achieving standstill or achieving the target speed. | standarts |
[INST] What is a stopping distance? [/INST] Distance travelled from the initiation of brake demand until standstill. | standarts |
[INST] What is a slowing distance? [/INST] Distance travelled from the initiation of brake demand until achieving the target speed. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake position? [/INST] Classification term for brake systems in accordance with their brake application and release timings (e.g. “P” or “G”) and their braking power (e.g. “P”, “G”, “R”, “R+ Mg”) as defined in EN 14198. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake mode? [/INST] Classification term for brake systems in accordance with their application and release timings as defined in EN 14198. | standarts |
[INST] What is a delay time? [/INST] Period of time commencing when a change (positive or negative) in brake demand is initiated and ending when achieving a % or c % of the established braking parameter. | standarts |
[INST] What is a build-up time? [/INST] Period of time commencing at the end of the delay time and ending when achieving an increase from a % to b % of the established braking parameter. | standarts |
[INST] What is a release time? [/INST] Period of time commencing at the end of the delay time and ending when achieving a decrease from c % to d % of the established braking parameter. | standarts |
[INST] What is a response time? [/INST] Sum of the delay time and the build-up time, or the delay time and the release time. | standarts |
[INST] What is a equivalent response time? [/INST] Sum of delay time and half of the build-up time or release time. | standarts |
[INST] What is a instantaneous deceleration? [/INST] Absolute value of the first derivative of speed with respect to time at some instant during speed reduction. | standarts |
[INST] What is a equivalent deceleration? [/INST] Deceleration equal to a mean value with respect to the braking distance in a specific speed range and based on fully established brake forces for all functioning brake equipment types. | standarts |
[INST] What is a mean deceleration? [/INST] Deceleration which is equal to a mean value with respect to the stopping or slowing distance in a specific speed range and which is normally used for the specification of braking performance. | standarts |
[INST] What is a jerk? [/INST] First derivative of the deceleration with respect to time. | standarts |
[INST] What is a jerk limit? [/INST] Limit value which will not be exceeded during braking in order to comply with safety and passenger comfort requirements. | standarts |
[INST] What is a braking energy? [/INST] Energy which is dissipated during the braking process, expressed in Joules (J). | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake system energy? [/INST] Energy that is used to fulfil the brake application and release. | standarts |
[INST] What is a braking power? [/INST] Power (braking energy per unit time) which is dissipated during the braking process, expressed in Watts (W). | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake weight percentage? [/INST] Way of describing brake performance, as set out in prEN 16834. | standarts |
[INST] What is a braking torque? [/INST] Resultant torque, which is generated by the brake pad force and coefficient of friction operating at the disc brake radius and which is typically used when assessing the performance of disc brakes during dynamometer testing. | standarts |
[INST] What is a adhesion dependent brake? [/INST] Brake equipment which transmits a brake force via wheel to rail adhesion. | standarts |
[INST] What is a standstill? [/INST] State of a vehicle where there is no relative movement between rail and wheels that are not rotating. | standarts |
[INST] What is a adhesion independent brake? [/INST] Brake equipment which transmits a brake force other than by wheel to rail adhesion. | standarts |
[INST] What is a friction brake? [/INST] Brake which generates a brake force by friction between two or more surfaces. | standarts |
[INST] What is a tread brake? [/INST] Brake which generates a brake force by friction between the running surface of a wheel (tread) and one or more brake blocks. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake block force? [/INST] Force applied by the brake block to the running surface of a wheel (tread). | standarts |
[INST] What is a tread brake force at the wheel? [/INST] Result of the brake block force multiplied by the coefficient of friction between the brake block and the wheel tread. | standarts |
[INST] What is a disc brake? [/INST] Brake in which the brake force is generated by the friction between the brake disc and the brake pads. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake pad force? [/INST] Force applied by a brake pad to the brake disc. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake force at the brake disc? [/INST] Result of brake pad force multiplied by the coefficient of friction between the brake pad and the brake disc. | standarts |
[INST] What is a disc brake force at the wheel? [/INST] Result of the brake force at the brake disc multiplied by the disc brake radius and divided by the wheel radius. | standarts |
[INST] What is a magnetic track brake? [/INST] Brake in which the brake force is generated by the friction between the rail surface(s) and pole shoe(s), forced magnetically into contact with it. | standarts |
[INST] What is a dynamic brake? [/INST] Brake equipment type which generates the brake force using the motion of the vehicle or its functional elements, but not involving friction. | standarts |
[INST] What is a hydro-dynamic brake? [/INST] Brake in which the brake force is generated by viscous shear, usually in a hydraulic transmission system. | standarts |
[INST] What is a aerodynamic brake? [/INST] Brake in which the brake force is generated by aerodynamic resistance. | standarts |
[INST] What is a eddy current brake? [/INST] Brake in which the brake force is generated by Eddy current generation in the reaction part. | standarts |
[INST] What is a electro-dynamic brake? [/INST] Dynamic brake in which the brake force is generated by the electric traction motors. | standarts |
[INST] What is a rheostatic brake? [/INST] Electro-dynamic brake in which the brake force is generated by feeding the electrical current generated by the electric traction motors during braking to a resistor. | standarts |
[INST] What is a regenerative brake? [/INST] Electro-dynamic brake in which the brake force is generated by feeding the electrical current generated by the electric traction motors during braking to the power supply network or to any other means of energy storage. | standarts |
[INST] What is a emergency braking? [/INST] Application of a pre-defined brake force that, whilst taking into consideration the usable brake equipment types, achieves the specified emergency braking performance and level of safety. | standarts |
[INST] What is a service braking? [/INST] Application of an adjustable brake force in order to control the speed of a train, including slowing or, stopping and temporary immobilisation, and is the most commonly used method of brake operation. | standarts |
[INST] What is a full service braking? [/INST] Maximum available service braking. | standarts |
[INST] What is a safety braking? [/INST] Braking intended to achieve a higher level of system integrity than that achieved when service and emergency braking. | standarts |
[INST] What is a irreversible brake application? [/INST] Brake application which after initiation is maintained uninfluenced by the driver until specified conditions have been attained. | standarts |
[INST] What is a graduable application and release? [/INST] Ability to increase or reduce the brake force either in steps or continuously. | standarts |
[INST] What is a overcharge? [/INST] Control function available to the driver, or automatic function, for increasing the pressure in the brake pipe to a specified value above the normal working pressure for a specified time for the purpose of ensuring that brake release is achieved on all vehicles in the train. | standarts |
[INST] What is a assimilation? [/INST] Phase following the application of a higher pressure in the brake pipe, where the pressure reduces to the normal working pressure at a specified rate. | standarts |
[INST] What is a quick release? [/INST] Facility within the driver’s brake controller that when used causes the brake pipe to be charged to the normal working pressure faster than that possible when using the normal release facility. | standarts |
[INST] What is a high pressure quick release? [/INST] Release which is similar to quick release, insofar as air is supplied to the brake pipe at main reservoir pressure or main reservoir pipe pressure. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake demand? [/INST] Signal sent to the brake system representing the braking requirement of the driver and, or other systems (e.g. automatic train controls, passenger alarm system, etc.). | standarts |
[INST] What is a direct release? [/INST] Systematic complete reduction of brake force in one step when any level of brake release is demanded. | standarts |
[INST] What is a main brake system? [/INST] Continuous brake system of a train which provides at least automatic operation, inexhaustibility and the specified safety level for emergency braking, service braking and to keep the train stationary. | standarts |
[INST] What is a train brake control? [/INST] Process in which the brake demand is converted into a signal which is transmitted along the train to all vehicles. | standarts |
[INST] What is a local brake control? [/INST] Process in which the train brake control signal and, or other locally generated brake control signals are converted into an output signal to the brake actuation equipment, resulting in a brake force being generated on the vehicle concerned. | standarts |
[INST] What is a continuous train brake? [/INST] Brake in which the brake control demands are conveyed to all of the vehicles in a train. | standarts |
[INST] What is a automatic train brake? [/INST] Brake in which the loss or interruption of the continuous train brake control signal causes an automatic application of the brake. | standarts |
[INST] What is a inexhaustible train brake? [/INST] Brake system in which sufficient energy is stored on-board the train for assuring the specified brake performance and safety level, in all operating conditions. | standarts |
[INST] What is a indirect brake? [/INST] Principle in which a decrease of the brake control signal results in an increase of brake force. | standarts |
[INST] What is a pneumatic control? [/INST] Process by which the train brake control or local brake control is achieved by the action of air pressure differences and/or flow rates. | standarts |
[INST] What is a direct brake? [/INST] Principle in which an increase of the brake control signal results in an increase of brake force. | standarts |
[INST] What is a hydraulic control? [/INST] Process by which the train brake control or local brake control is achieved by the action of hydraulic pressure differences and/or flow rates. | standarts |
[INST] What is a electric/electronic control? [/INST] Process by which the train brake control or local brake control is achieved by the action of electrical voltage differences and/or current flow rates. | standarts |
[INST] What is a mechanical control? [/INST] Process by which the train brake control or local brake control is achieved by the action of mechanical force differences and/or displacement. | standarts |
[INST] What is a energize to apply? [/INST] Principle in which the application of a brake requires an energy supply. | standarts |
[INST] What is a energize to release? [/INST] Principle in which the release of a brake requires an energy supply. | standarts |
[INST] What is a electro-pneumatic (EP) control? [/INST] Combination of electrical and pneumatic control processes. | standarts |
[INST] What is a electro-pneumatic (EP) assist? [/INST] Combined type of control in which the pneumatic train brake control signal is assisted in its propagation by electrical equipment operating in parallel. | standarts |
[INST] What is a electro-hydraulic (EH) control? [/INST] Combination of electrical and hydraulic control processes. | standarts |
[INST] What is a electro-mechanical control? [/INST] Combination of electrical and mechanical control processes. | standarts |
[INST] What is a brake blending? [/INST] Controlled interaction between two or more types of brakes, where the brake force provided by one type replaces/supplements the brake force provided by one or more other types, to fulfil the brake demand. | standarts |
[INST] What is a control of braking? [/INST] Component or combination of components by which the driver's brake demand is converted to a train brake control signal, and which comprises a driver’s brake interface and a driver’s brake controller. | standarts |