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This first part examines general theories of contract that take central features of the common law as their explanatory starting point. The range of possible contract law regimes is, of course, vast, and there is a risk of overgeneralization. Still, since many exchangeregimes share basic features, it is not an unreasonable expectation that the principles extracted from a sophisticated and wellfunctioning body of contract law might aid in our understanding of contract law as such, at least where the law functions to regulate economic life in modern market orders.
There are at least five prominent accounts of the fundamental principles of the common law of contracts. The first, and most famous, holds that contract law enforces the basic moral duty to keep promises. A related though distinct view presents contract law as enforcing a duty not to harm others. A third conceives of the law not as enforcing parties nonlegal duties, but as promoting efficient investment and exchange. An association with economic theory gives this approach a prominence in legal scholarship that outstrips the philosophical attention it has received. A fourth position emphasizes that contracts establish a distinctive relationship between the parties to them and grounds contractual obligations in the value of acting jointly and cooperatively with others. A fifth position is pluralistic and proposes that contract law has many fundamental goals that need not be jointly satisfiable or even consistent. These competing views can be evaluated along several dimensions, including fit with actual doctrine, success in justifying the law, and internal coherence. | [
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What can I say I ignored the reviews and went to see it myself. Damn the reviews were so right. What a waste of money considering it's budget.br br Good thing, I went to see Kill Bill after this one.br br To see a really scary movie, would be Crossroadsbr br Bottom line I like Girl in Gold Boots better than this crap. | [
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I love 24, and I watched all seasons on disk, because I like to watch a few episodes at once, without commercials, etc.7th season BD set is HORRIBLE.2 things that make it bad super slow loading time and over sharpened noisy digital transfer.The first one is just a pain. I have a Samsung player, 2 week old upgrade of the firmware, and most disks load within 20 seconds. This set loads I am not kidding you 5 minutes each disk Basically, I come home, turn it on first thing, and go to the kitchen to micro a burrito, pop a beer, come back it's still loading, i check my email, do stretches, and only then i hear the sound of Menu showing up, so I sit down to watch it. And mind you this loading takes place EVERY TIME you do anything with the disk since it's connected via HDMI bidirectional I once decided to switch TV to HDMI cable to check DVR recordings BAD IDEA. Bluray player knows I interrupted my interest it stops the disk. There is no resume on this disk either. If you stopped in the middle of the show if you switched disks or anything it's LOADING TIME again. And back to the Menu.If you think it's my player think again I watch tons of bluray disks on it, and only some give me such headaches this set is one of them. And for what The Menu is just plain old Gzooonkgzooonk with the 24 signature Clunking Sound I love this part actually.The picture is somehow dotty as if 1080 was too much for it can't really tell. I have a very good new TV set, and things look very nice and smooth normally. this is a minor thing, of course, since it doesn't distract from viewing.One more thing. Some genius decided to stick a special about the score onto the very 1st disk it's a great special, but BEWARE there are images from further episodes and they are spoilersI hope the disk authoring company would take a look at reviews and do a better job next time.The show is great nevertheless | [
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I don't know whether I just received a bad disc since no one else has described the problem I have experienced, but I have serious difficulties playing it. The sound keeps stopping and starting, skipping and repeating, while the video itself keeps moving on yes, in 3D. The feature documentary is only 39 minutes long but I was so frustrated by the poor performance I gave up watching after about 1520 minutes.I suspect I am missing nothing, other than the money I wasted on this product, because the documentary is quite boring. It is supposed to be about mummies and the secrets of the pharaohs, but it spends more time showing silly pagentstyle reenactments of what the ancient Egyptians allegedly behaved like. Then it starts talking about DNA and malaria.I do not know what the rest of the disc shows because all the skipping of the sound just got to me and I could not watch the rest.As for the 3D everyone else seems to be talking about Do not buy this disc for 3D. It is overdone, shot with too large an interaxial distance, which makes everything look like miniature models instead of the real thing. It may have worked on the huge IMAX screen, it definitely does not work on a 3D TV or computer monitor.Sorry, folks, I normally only write reviews of products I really like. In this case, however, I had to make an exception to warn you. Not only is the Bluray disc deficient, the 39minute content comes to about 50 cents a minute or in my case a dollar a minute since I had to give up in the middle, way too much for something that should have never been ported from the large IMAX screen to a small TV or monitor in your living room.Get something else | [
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How bored and disappointed was I with Season 6 So much so that I didn't watch the season finale. I've been an avid fan of 24 since season 1. I even went out of my way to spread the good news of Jack Bauer to friends and family. Only to be embarrased by this season. I really do hope that next season is better. But I agree with one of the other comments. Everyone that Jack relied on are basically dead, except for annoying Chloe.And WHAT was the deal with bringing the Logans back Is Charles dead, did she get put into a mental institution, did Aaron go back to work for the presidentWhat happened with the people that were exposed to the radiationAll I can honestly say is that I hope that Season 7 is good and Season 8 should be kick a and should DEFINITELY be the last season. | [
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The Olympics weapon of mass distraction As Australians watch their country 39s flag being raised yet again in Athens, it can be imagined that no one is more pleased, nor more relieved, than Prime Minister John Howard, writes The Dominion Post in an editorial. | [
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Short and sweet, because others have said it perfectly already, this film's grasp on Edie's story is as shallow and misguided as the average first grade student's understanding of the American Civil War. If you are hungry for Edie, turn to Jean Stein'sEdie American Girlor David Weisman'sEdie Girl on Fire both great books.Taken as simple entertainment, this film is bland. Taken as a biographical film, it's downright offensive in its utter disregard for fact made all the more baffling when you consider that the TRUE STORY IS SO MUCH MORE COMPELLING AND DRAMATIC | [
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You can now get your visa for India sitting at home in your email, and that too free of cost | [
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The transition in the order of natural history from bodies that are simply such, extended and endowed with the ability to act and be acted upon, to the bodies of plants and animals is explained in part through the motions of the celestial bodies and their causal influences on matter. In part, however, matter itself has latent structures that simply await the correct circumstances and conditions to cause the emergence of a higher type of body. These latent structures, originally sown into matter at its creation, Bonaventure calls, following the terminology of St. Augustine, rationes seminales or seminal reasons, a term hearkening back to the cosmology of the ancient Stoics. Seminal reasons amount to a lingering impact of the creator on the matter of the physical world since their presence in matter originates with creation. In physical science, Bonaventure believes seminal reasons help to explain the successive emergence of the different kinds of bodies suitable for higher and higher types of life. But this process of gradual emergence does not apply to the creation of human life, since human souls for Bonaventure are incorruptible and can only arise through the direct action of the creator.
Though from our postDarwinian perspective we may be tempted to see in the doctrine of seminal reasons, whether in Augustine or Bonaventure, a curious, yet awkward anticipation of the doctrine of evolution, similarities between the doctrine of seminal reasons and certain elements in evolutionary theory are more apparent than real. First, though seminal reasons do provide directionality and progression for the succession of physical types in natural history, they are themselves latent forms within matter and not reducible to more fundamental mechanical or chemical processes rather, they underlie such processes. Second, seminal reasons are never appealed to in order to explain the demise of one living species and the emergence of another species to replace the former, a key feature of Darwinian explanations. Third, seminal reasons are not, as we have just seen, universal in their application to the living things that occur within the order of natural history human beings, at least in terms of their souls, fall outside the range of influence of seminal reasons. | [
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Something ti is described as the supreme genus Seneca, 27A, broader than being, which constitutes the all to pan. The Stoics recognize other entities to which they deny being, including fictional entities and concepts or universals, which they place on a par with each other as figments of the mind Diogenes Laertius, 32C. Universals, in particular, are famously said to be quasisomethings hosanei ti or notsomethings outina Diogenes Laertius, 32C Stobaeus, 30A. This has led to much debate and speculation as to the status of these entities and in particular where they stand relative to the class of somethings. For different views on the matter, see Brunschwig 1988 Sedley 1984, 1999 Caston 1999 Sellars 2011 Bailey | [
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US CREDITHalliburton jostled by Army audit backandforth NEW YORK, Aug 17 Reuters In an otherwise listless credit market, Halliburton has created some drama with its ongoing saga with the Army over its accounting for 1.8 billion of work in Iraq and Kuwait. | [
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I enjoy a good postapocalyptic scifi flick. The key in that phrase is good. This one is garbagenothing unique in a niche of the genre that is growing a little tired the postapocalyptic stuff. This wants to be a nuanced Independence Day, but it's nothing even closeforgettable characters, forgettable aliens, nothing compelling about the plot, and cheesy dialogue at every corner. The story revolves around a hopeless trudge through a alieninfested wasteland, and that's exactly what I felt like I'd accomplished when the credits rolled. | [
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There is not enough evidence to support any benefit of MTX in the treatment of AS. Highquality RCTs of larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the effects of MTX on AS. | [
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This movie was so sexual graphic I would never recommend it to anyone. It was border soft porn. Horrible movie | [
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The most annoying part of the mvie is the casting. Robert Jordan is supposed to be a young blonde man, in his late 20's about, and Maria is supposed to be a 19 year old Spanish girl. Obviously, the movie missed that. The other actors fit farely well, but a lot of the accents were horrible.Also, the book always seemed to somehow use the love between Maria and Robert as a subplot. Robert's conflict with Pablo was just as important. The movie, however, is purely a love story. Overall I thought the book was decent, but slow moving. The movie was worse. Almost 3 hours of nothing.On a final note, to the person who said Jordan should be showing some signs of pain, and that it's ridiculous that he's so calm, read the book. His nerve is severed from the break. Can't feel a thing. | [
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quotUniversal Soldierquot was a half decent action film and one of Van Damme's first half decent pictures. This sequel was a good idea for Van Damme, as he is starting to head back into straight to video territory. The sequel is pretty much a rehash of the original, except it's not as interesting and it is too damn short, just as it starts to get going it ends. Luc Devearaux Van Damme use to be a UniSol as they nickname them and now he is forced to take on the new breed, who get out of control. There's Seth Michael Jai Whiteand Romeo Bill Goldberg posing the biggest threat. some action scenes in this are quite good, especially the opening one where there is a cool speedboat chase. But I ask myself, why wouldn't original costars Dolph Lundgren, Ally Walker, Ed O'Ross or Jerry Orbach want to do the sequel it must have been a dodgy script. Action fans may find something of interest here. may I say. | [
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At that time, the meek ones themselves will possess the earth, and they will indeed find their exquisite delight in the abundance of peace. Psalm 37 11, 29. The Increase Continues | [
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What reward awaits those who reject the voice of strangers By repudiating the voice of strangers, spirit anointed Christians respond to the Fine Shepherds words found at Luke 12 32. | [
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Too bad, I really like Kristen Cloke and Gary Busey. But the director failed to put this together. There's a lot of action, a lot of promise, but it all comes off hokey. The director didn't do his job. Promising action comes off lame. So much seems contrived in a desperate attempt to save the film. This version of The Rage DirecTV credits it as 1996 simply isn't worth the time to watch it. Another director would have done a better job. | [
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After watching about half of this I was ready to give up and turn it off, but I endured to the end. This is a movie that tries to be a romantic comedy and fails. The acting is poormuch worse than the acting in 80s TA movies.br br There are several attempts at humour that fail miserably and the movie is 100 predictable. Perhaps if you are a teenager this movie will hold some appeal, but for those that have seen many movies, you will know how the film turns out after the first 10 minutes. The rest of your time will be spent in agony waiting for the ending credits to roll.br br Don't waste your time watching this. | [
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Caution Angry Artists at Work Political fervor stemming from the Republican National Convention is being translated into art in mediums that range from painting and sculpture to Web art to political ephemera. | [
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Figured it had potential to be funny. But is wasn't, and not very interesting. Can't reccomend this movie to anyone. | [
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Caterpillar Union Rejects Contract Offer CHICAGO Reuters The main union at Caterpillar Inc. said its members voted on Sunday to reject the construction equipment maker's contract proposal, the second time this year the workers have voted against an offer. | [
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According to most theorists, another important feature of constitutionalism is that the norms imposing limits upon government power must be in some way, and to some degree, be entrenched, either legally or by way of constitutional convention. In other words, those whose powers are constitutionally limitedi.e., the institutions of governmentmust not be constitutionally at liberty to change or expunge those limits at their pleasure. Most written constitutions contain amending formulae which can be triggered by, and require the participation of, the government bodies whose powers they limit. But these formulae invariably require something more than a simple decision on the part of the present government, through e.g., Presidential fiat or simple majority vote in the legislature, to invoke a change. Sometimes constitutional assemblies are required, or supermajority votes, referendums, or the agreement of not only the central government in a federal system but also some number or percentage of the governments or regional units within the federal system. Entrenchment not only facilitates a degree of stability and predictability over time a characteristic aspiration of constitutional regimes, it is arguably a requirement of the very possibility of constitutionally limited government. Were a government institution entitled, at its pleasure, to change the very terms of its constitutional limitations, we might begin to question whether there would, in reality, be any such limitations. Consider Regina once again. Were she entitled, at her discretion, to remove and perhaps later reinstate the constitutional restriction preventing her from legislating on some religious matter on which she had strong views, then it is perhaps questionable whether Regina could sensibly be said to be bound by this requirement. On the other hand, were there a constitutional rule or convention specifying that Regina is entitled to remove this restriction only if she succeeds in convincing two thirds of her subjects to vote for the change, then one might feel more comfortable speaking of constitutional limitation. Of course this constitutional metarule or convention is itself subject to change or eliminationa fact that raises a host of further puzzles. For example, does such an act require application of the very rule in questioni.e., two thirds majority voteor are the sovereign people of Reginas society at liberty to change or expunge it at their pleasure If we accept a the distinction between government and sovereignty urged above b that ultimate sovereignty resides in the people whom Regina governs and c that sovereignty cannot be selflimiting, X cannot limit X then we might sensibly be led to conclude that the constitutional metaruleand hence the constitutional regime of which it is an integral partboth exist at the pleasure of the general population of Reginas society. Entrenchment may be an essential element of constitutional regimes, but it would seem that constitutions neither can nor should be entrenched against the actions of a sovereign people. | [
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"Were",
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Season 1 was very good, and Seasons 25 were solid gold thruout the best contemporary television has to offer in drama, engrossing plot, characters you care about and truly unprecedented addictive powers and I give 5stars to each of them. That said, Season 6 was so misconceived it hurt to watch.My theory is that the producers' timetalent was unfortunately divided between Season 6 and prepping for the 24 feature movie, which was said to have completed script as early last summer. Also, CTU as cool as that setting is had probably outlived its potential as a place for set up big chunks of story. It peaked in Day 5 with the incredible poison gas sequences.I fear the '07 Writers Guild strike might prove to be a death blow to 24 since Day 7 has been officially postponed to probably 2009. I hope this changes, but to date, it seems clear we will not see Day 7 in 2008.But if 24 Day 7 rebounds to its former standards, there'll be no fan happier than I. ...right now I am really resisting an urge to cave in and buy Day 6, but ultimately I know better than to revisit that truly saddening disaster. I'll put Day 3 on instead. | [
"Season",
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",",
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"",
"the",
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"",
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".",
"That",
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",",
"Season",
"6",
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".",
"My",
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"as",
"early",
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"summer",
".",
"Also",
",",
"CTU",
"",
"as",
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"as",
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"big",
"chunks",
"of",
"story",
".",
"It",
"peaked",
"in",
"Day",
"5",
"with",
"the",
"incredible",
"poison",
"gas",
"sequences",
".",
"I",
"fear",
"the",
"'",
"07",
"Writers",
"Guild",
"strike",
"might",
"prove",
"to",
"be",
"a",
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"blow",
"to",
"24",
"",
"since",
"Day",
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"has",
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"officially",
"postponed",
"to",
"probably",
"2009",
".",
"I",
"hope",
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",",
"but",
"to",
"date",
",",
"it",
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"will",
"not",
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"24",
"Day",
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",",
"there",
"will",
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"I.",
"...",
"right",
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",",
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"I",
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"than",
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"that",
"truly",
"saddening",
"disaster",
".",
"I",
"will",
"put",
"Day",
"3",
"on",
"instead",
"."
] | [
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Venezuela's Chavez faces political gulfs CARACAS Fresh from victory and emboldened by a decisive mandate, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has the opportunity to extend an olive branch to a seething opposition and a suspicious US administration, but the rifts may have grown too deep to be mended. | [
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This 3D Bluray has the potential to be wonderful, but it falls short. Most of the 3D effect has ghosting throughout most of the video. Its like everything is out of focus. Also, the plot is silly and pointless. Save your money. | [
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I caught this film on AZN on cable. It sounded like it would be a good film, a Japanese Green Card. I can't say I've ever disliked an Asian film, quite the contrary. Some of the most incredible horror films of all time are Japanese and Korean, and I am a HUGE fan of John Woo's Hong Kong films. I an not adverse to a light hearted films, like Tampopo or Chung King Express two of my favourites, so I thought I would like this. Well, I would rather slit my wrists and drink my own blood than watch this laborious, badly acted film ever again.br br I think the director Steven Okazaki must have spiked the water with Quaalude, because no one in this film had a personality. And when any of the characters DID try to act, as opposed to mumbling a line or two, their performance came across as forced and incredibly fake. I honestly did not think that anyone had ever acted before...the ONLY person who sounded genuine was Brenda Aoki.. I find it amazing that this is promoted as a comedy, because I didn't laugh once. Even MORE surprising is that CBS morning news called this a refreshing breath of comedy. It was neither refreshing, nor a breath of comedy. And the ending was very predictable, the previous reviewer must be an idiot to think such things.br br AVOID this film unless you want to see a boring predictable plot line and wooden acting. I actually think that Spike of Bensonhurst is a better acted film than this...and I walked out half way through that film | [
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And that is the only reason I posses this DVD. Now I haven't seen the first Nemesis film, but I did check the info out of it and I here by say What Why Because in the first film Alex was male. But then again the first one was set in the future, so maybe this Alex is brand new one and the scientist just happened to make Alex female this time. Who knows, at least it wasn't addressed in the film in any way.br br Here's a quick summary of the plot Alex, still a baby then or how ever you want, as it was, is, in the future escapes with her mom using a special time vessel and ends up in the 80's Africa. There mommy gets killed and Alex Sue Price grows up in a African tribe. Then the tribe gets slaughtered by a cyborg from the future and Alex then runs and hides and finally she kills the cyborg. So there. Does sound familiar, doesn't it.br br Terminator isn't the only film being ripped here, Predator gets its fair share too and I think the first Fly movie, the Vincent Price one, gets special nomination for giving a solid base to build up your cyborgs head from.br br Lets see, what else Okay, the film was quite standard small budget flick, but it did have bad special effects for a mid 90's film. It would have looked okay for a 80's flick how ever. Biggest problem is the plot. Things just happen and the viewer is barely interested. Nemesis 2 isn't the crappiest piece of cinema I've had pleasure to watch but it does come damn close.br br I won't say a thing about acting, because let's be honest here did anyone expect Oscar worthy performances here Oh well... at least I did find Sue Price hot in that amazonian warrior way.br br A real movie rating 210 There isn't a lot of pros about the over all quality. And despite of the very basic plot the film it self makes very little sense.br br A camp movie rating 410 I did get occasional laughs from the sheer badness of the film, so it does have small merits in it. | [
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However these and like issues are to be resolved, given the primacy of form as substance, it is unsurprising to find Aristotle identifying the soul, which he introduces as a principle or source arch of all life, as the form of a living compound. For Aristotle, in fact, all living things, and not only human beings, have souls what is ensouled is distinguished from what is unensouled by living . It is appropriate, then, to treat all ensouled bodies in hylomorphic terms
The soul is the cause and source of the living body. But cause and source are meant in many ways . Similarly, the soul is a cause in accordance with the ways delineated, which are three it is i the cause as the source of motion , ii that for the sake of which , and iii as the substance of ensouled bodies. That it is a cause as substance is clear, for substance is the cause of being for all things, and for living things, being is life, and the soul is also the cause and source of life.
So, the soul and body are simply special cases of form and matter
soul body form matter actuality potentiality
Further, the soul, as the end of the compound organism, is also the final cause of the body. Minimally, this is to be understood as the view that any given body is the body that it is because it is organized around a function which serves to unify the entire organism. In this sense, the bodys unity derives from the fact it has a single end, or single life directionality, a state of affairs that Aristotle captures by characterizing the body as the sort of matter which is organic . By this he means that the body serves as a tool for implementing the characteristic life activities of the kind to which the organism belongs organon tool in Greek. Taking all this together, Aristotle offers the view that the soul is the first actuality of a natural organic body , that it is a substance as form of a natural body which has life in potentiality and, again, that it is a first actuality of a natural body which has life in potentiality .
Aristotle contends that his hylomorphism provides an attractive middle way between what he sees as the mirroring excesses of his predecessors. In one direction, he means to reject Presocratic kinds of materialism in the other, he opposes Platonic dualism. He gives the Presocratics credit for identifying the material causes of life, but then faults them for failing to grasp its formal cause. By contrast, Plato earns praise for grasping the formal cause of life unfortunately, as Aristotle sees things, he then proceeds to neglect the material cause, and comes to believe that the soul can exist without its material basis. Hylomorphism, in Aristotles view, captures what is right in both camps while eschewing the unwarranted monodimensionality of each. To account for living organisms, Aristotle contends, the natural scientist must attend to both matter and form.
Aristotle deploys hylomorphic analyses not only to the whole organism, but to the individual faculties of the soul as well. Perception involves the reception of sensible forms without matter, and thinking, by analogy, consists in the minds being enformed by intelligible forms. With each of these extensions, Aristotle both expands and taxes his basic hylomorphism, sometimes straining its basic framework almost beyond recognition.
For more detail on Aristotles hylomorphism in psychological explanation, see the entry on Aristotles Psychology. | [
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"",
"For",
"more",
"detail",
"on",
"Aristotles",
"hylomorphism",
"in",
"psychological",
"explanation",
",",
"see",
"the",
"entry",
"on",
"",
"Aristotles",
"Psychology",
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What are people on here talking about I must have seen a different movie than you guys. I was so bored that I walked out of the theater. What is up with this stuff. I only laughed once and not even that hard. Whoever greenlit this movie should be taken out into the street and beaten. I usually always find something I like in a movie, but this is crazy. Slackers makes Not Another Teen Movie look like a classic. It ranks up there with such trash as Body Shots, Con Air, and Conspiracy Theory as one of the worst of all time. AVOID AT ALL COSTS I thought the studio would be handing out money to people as they left the theater as a sign of their apologies, but to my dismay that wasn't happening. Looks like I will never see that money again or the two hours. | [
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Japan Plans to Launch Spy Satellites AP AP A Japanese government panel has approved plans to send two spy satellites into Earth's orbit beginning next year, a media report said Wednesday. | [
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Elementary algebra fixes some domain, typically the reals or complex numbers, and works with the equations holding within that domain. Abstract or modern algebra reverses this picture by fixing some set A of equations and studying those domains for which those equations are identities. For example if we take the set of all identities expressible with the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication and constants 0 and 1 that hold for the integers, then the algebras in which those equations hold identically are exactly the commutative rings with identity.
Historically the term modern algebra came from the title of the first three editions of van der Waerdens classic text of that name, renamed simply Algebra for its fourth edition in 1955. Volume 1 treated groups, rings, general fields, vector spaces, well orderings, and real fields, while Volume 2 considered mainly linear algebra, algebras as vector spaces with a compatible multiplication, representation theory, ideal theory, integral algebraic elements, algebraic functions, and topological algebra. On the one hand modern algebra has since gone far beyond this curriculum, on the other this considerable body of material is already more than what can be assumed as common knowledge among graduating Ph.D. students in mathematics, for whom the typical program is too short to permit mastering all this material in parallel with focusing on their area of specialization.
A core feature of abstract algebra is the existence of domains where familiar laws fail to hold. A striking example is commutativity of multiplication, which as we noted in the introduction need not hold for the multiplication of an arbitrary group, even so simple a group as the six permutations of three letters. | [
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Oil soars above 47 on US supply jitters PARIS Oil prices climbed to another high on Wednesday after figures showed US crude supplies were down for a third straight week while a report from OPEC highlighted the threat of high oil prices for world economies. | [
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As elsewhere in Latin America, Positivism in Chile had a significant impact in a number of areas, including philosophy. The arrival of Positivism coincided with the rising tide of anticlericalism in Chile from the 1860s and the 1880s, but its influence was not restricted to attacks against the Church. Indeed, it had a profound influence in education, contributing to a substantial transformation of the curriculum at the secondary and higher education levels. Initially, however, it was a timely weapon against the influence of the Church in Chilean society.
The fundamental appeal of Positivism was through its notion of progress. Based on Auguste Comtes work, Positivism allowed anticlerical thinkers to dismiss the theological stage as a primitive state in the evolution of humanity, one that would inevitably be superseded by the metaphysic and scientific stages. The political implications and uses of this evolutionary view were obvious to advance to the highest level, Chileans needed to leave behind the religious influence of the Catholic Church. As articulated by the leading early proponent of Positivism, Jos Victorino Lastarria, who abandoned his liberal commitments for being based on abstract, or metaphysical, principles, science could address the problems of Chilean society in the most effective way. Others heeded the call, and concentrated on such important priorities as education. The liberal historian Diego Barros Arana had done much in this regard through reforms of the curriculum at the Instituto Nacional, as did Miguel Luis Amuntegui, who, in his role as Minister of Education, in 1879 formally introduced the teaching of science in public schools. But the most significant positivist figure was Valentn Letelier , whose Filosofa de la educacin served as the basis for a profound reorientation of philosophical studies in Chile. In his view, the theological and metaphysical emphases that had dominated Chilean education since independence had done little to unify the country around a core of shared beliefs. In his view, only the certainties of science could do that. The instrument for achieving this higher stage was logic, which he successfully introduced in the educational plan of 1893, at the expense of ethics and theodicy. Consistent with this emphasis, Juan Serapio Lois published the most complete treatment of logic from a Comtean perspective, the Elementos de filosofa positiva , applying logical analysis to the methodology of a range of sciences.
Philosophy under the influence of Letelier acquired a scientific character, with a special emphasis on experimental psychology that would ultimately provoke a reaction among thinkers dissatisfied with the local unresponsiveness to new currents of thought emerging in Europe and the United States. Positivism, however, did help in consolidating the study of philosophy at both the higher level through the Instituto Pedaggico at the Universidad de Chile, and at secondary schools, where it was an obligatory subject of study.
Although it was less influential, it is important to point out that there was another branch of Positivism represented by the brothers Juan Enrique and Jorge Lagarrigue , who embraced the religious ideas of the late Auguste Comte and brought the Religion of Humanity to Chile. Although this variety of Positivism survived well into the twentieth century, it left little influence in the field of philosophy. Politically, it was aligned with the presidentialist and allegedly authoritarian administration of Jos Manuel Balmaceda, who was defeated in the Civil War of | [
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This movie simply lacks everything. The acting is so bad that I can't find the words to describe it. Horrible might even be a compliment. I only watched this movie because of the morethanbrilliant CHRISTOPHER WALTZ who is one of the finest actors of all time. I've seen most of his german movies and I cannot think of the slightest reason why he signed up for this crap. Beats me totally.I actually fast forwarded most of the movie because it became unbearable to watch. | [
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Typeidentity theory was largely, though not completely, abandoned when arguments from multiple realizability were put forward to show that due to the fact that at least some mental kinds can be multiply realizedthat is instantiated in different physiological kindsan identification of mental with physiological kinds is impossible. Still, this left space for tokenidentity theories, according to which any mental kind is physically instantiated. The identity is that of the objects or items that are of the two types or that possess the two relevant properties, even though the types or properties themselves are not identical e.g., one and the same item might have both mental and neural properties. The bearers of those properties, i.e., the items falling under the types, are identical, but the properties or types themselves are distinct. Tokenidentity theory is still a reductionist position in that it opposes any form of interactionist substancedualism, substanceparallelism, and substanceepiphenomenalism. Even though it is not a very common term, in the literature, we sometimes find variants of the expression token reduction .
Tokenidentity theories perfectly match weak interpretations of theory reduction. If for reduction, bridgelaws that state correlations or merely extensional relations are sufficient , or if bridgelaws are not laws in any robust sense, then tokenidentity may be sufficient for Nagelian theory reduction.
Tokenidentity theories also match theoryreduction according to Schaffners and the New Wave reductionists models. Within these models, tokenidentity theories do not back up strong or perfectly smooth cases of reduction, but they nevertheless support reductions that are stronger than those that are merely extreme cases of replacement, not involving correction in any robust sense. | [] | [] | [] |
I am a fan of the 'Leprechaun' series. I really enjoyed the magical slasher element along with the humor in parts 1, 4 and especially 5. After watching part 3, I was very disappointed though. Once again, we get a change in powers and myths and the beginning of this chapter has no connection with the end of the last one. The change of setting is fine, but we definitely don't get enough of the leprechaun in the first half of the film. Instead we get stuck with lots of gambling and magic acts. The acting, especially by the lead male is pretty bad and the only thing that stands out is how underrated Warwick Davis is as he outshines the rest of the cast in the acting department. You can get this movie in a couple of different 'Leprechaun' sets. I wouldn't recommend you buy this movie on it's own even if you are a fan of the series. | [
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Oh, what a bad, bad, very bad movie Cowritten by and starring Sylvester Stallonethat should have been enoughand featuring too many rockclimbing scenes, vertigo, falling, and scenechewing villains and a botched airborne heist. There are two plots, both lame. One involves a traumatic failed rescue, and the other involves bad people wrecking an airplane for booty, and killing various harmless people whenever possible. The usually reliable John Lithgow, perhaps depressed by the sheer awfulness of the product, is reduced to sneering and calling those for whom he doesn't care Bostid in a vague approximation of an English accent. Janine Turner, who was sprightly and enigmatic when she played Maggie on Northern Exposure, is sadly wasted in the part of a rescue climber and pilot. Stallone is stolid and muscleheaded. No deathless lines in this one. No living lines, either. | [
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This visually spare movie has a very theatrical feel it's shot almost entirely on a single set and has just three cast members. The performances of the two main actors are riveting and provide 90 minutes of compelling viewing. And it's these performances alone that make the film worth watching.Sadly, Hard Candy is simply too implausible and exploitative to be of any real value. Page's character is far more resourceful, remorseless, relentless, and selfassured than any 14yearold. Her morality, which is pivotal, becomes increasingly ambiguous as the film progresses, and the violence, although it mostly takes place out of shot, verges uncomfortably close to torture porn, displacing any message that might have been intended, and polarising the viewer's sympathies. The shock tactics used here, which would be perfectly acceptable in a horror vehicle, are out of place in a film such as this. | [
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In fact, wicked men have advanced from bad to worse, especially in our time. 2 Timothy 3 13. | [
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In the thought of Aristotle the definition of place is the limit of the encompassing body. In his opinion, place has an important role in movement. The definition of a natural movement is the movement of a body to its natural place in the world. Aristotle explains that the natural place attracts the body, while the body moves naturally to its natural place.
Crescas opposes this definition. In his opinion, place is the part of dimension that a body occupies within the infinite expanse of the universe dimension without matter is only place in potential. Crescas also denies the influence of natural place on movement. In his opinion, the movement of fire is caused by the diverse weights of the different bodies that are aflame, and not by the existence of a natural place.
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Many philosophers and legal theorists have been interested in the relation of actual causation. This concerns the assignment of causal responsibility for an event, based on how events actually play out. For example, suppose that Billy and Suzy each throw a rock at a bottle, and that each has a certain probability of hitting and breaking it. As it happens, Suzys rock hits the bottle, and Billys doesnt. As things actually happened, we would say that Suzys throw caused the bottle to shatter, while Billys didnt. Nonetheless, Billys throw increased the probability that the bottle would shatter, and it would be identified as a cause by the theories described in sections 2 and 3. Billys throw had a tendency to shatter the bottle it was a potential cause of the bottle shattering it was the sort of thing that generally causes shattering but it did not actually cause the bottle to shatter.
A number of authors have attempted to provide probabilistic analyses of actual causation. Some, such as Eells , Kvart , and Glynn , pay careful attention to the way in which probabilities change over time. Some, such as Dowe and Schaffer , combine probabilities with the resources of a process theory of causation. Some, such as Lewis , Menzies , and Noordhof , employ probabilities together with counterfactuals to analyze actual causation. And others such as Beckers Vennekens , FentonGlynn , Halpern , Hitchcock , and Twardy Korb employ causal modeling tools similar to those described in Section 3. We will describe two of those theoriesLewis and FentonGlynn in more detail in sections 4.3 and 4.4 below. | [
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Fitchs reasoning involves quantifying into sentence position. Our propositional variables p and q will take declarative statements as substituends. Let K be the epistemic operator it is known by someone at some time that. Let Diamond be the modal operator it is possible that.
Suppose the knowability principle KPthat all truths are knowable by somebody at some time
And suppose that collectively we are nonomniscient, that there is an unknown truth
If this existential claim is true, then so is an instance of it
Now consider the instance of KP substituting line 1 for the variable p in KP
It follows trivially that it is possible to know the conjunction expressed at line 1
However, it can be shown independently that it is impossible to know this conjunction. Line 3 is false.
The independent result presupposes two very modest epistemic principles first, knowing a conjunction entails knowing each of the conjuncts. Second, knowledge entails truth. Respectively,
Also presupposed are two modest modal principles first, all theorems are necessary. Second, necessarily neg p entails that p is impossible. Respectively,
Consider the independent result
Line 9 contradicts line 3. So a contradiction follows from KP and NonO. The advocate of the view that all truths are knowable must deny that we are nonomniscient
And it follows from that that all truths are actually known
The ally of the view that all truths are knowable by somebody at some time is forced absurdly to admit that every truth is known by somebody at some time. | [
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Cryptography break threatens digital signatures Researchers in the field of cryptography have been successfully breaking the hash functions that are used to secure the privacy of electronic communications, threatening the integrity of digital signatures, according to a report on Slashdot. | [
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A common complaint since Whatelys Elements of Logic is that our theory and teaching of fallacies are in want of improvementhe thought they should be put on a more logical footing to overcome the loose and vague treatments others had proffered.
It is on Logical principles therefore that I propose to discuss the subject of Fallacies. the generality of Logical writers have usually followed so opposite a plan. Whenever they have to treat of anything that is beyond the mere elements of Logic, they totally lay aside all reference to the principles they have been occupied in establishing and explaining, and have recourse to a loose, vague, and popular kind of language strangely incongruous in a professional Logical treatise.
Charles Hamblins 1970 book, Fallacies, revives Whatelys complaint. We may view Fallacies as the dividing line between traditional approaches to the study of fallacies and new, contemporary approaches. At the time of its publication it was the first booklength work devoted to fallacies in modern times. The work opens with a critique of the standard treatment of fallacies as it was found in midtwentieth century textbooks then, in subsequent chapters, it takes a historical turn reviewing Aristotles approach to fallacies and exploring the tradition it fostered as in the previous section of this entry. Other historicallyoriented chapters include one on the Indian tradition, and one on formal fallacies. Hamblins more positive contributions to fallacy studies are concentrated in the books later chapters on the concept of argument, formal dialectics, and equivocation.
What Hamblin meant by the standard treatment of fallacies was
The typical or average account as it appears in the typical short chapter or appendix of the average modern textbook. And what we find in most cases, I think it should be admitted, is as debased, wornout and dogmatic a treatment as could be imaginedincredibly tradition bound, yet lacking in logic and in historical sense alike, and almost without connection to anything else in modern Logic at all.
Let us consider what came before Hamblin as the traditional approach to fallacies and what comes after him as new approaches. The new approaches show a concern to overcome Hamblins criticisms, and they also vie with each to produce the most defensible alternative to the traditional approach. One thing that nearly all the new approaches have in common is that they reject what Hamblin presents as the nearly universally accepted definition of fallacy as an argument that seems to be valid but is not so . Although this definition of fallacy is not nearly as widely accepted as Hamblin intimated , others have taken to calling it the standard definition of fallacies and for convenience we can refer to it as SDF. SDF has three necessary conditions a fallacy i is an argument, ii that is invalid, and iii appears to be valid. These can be thought of as the argument condition, the invalidity condition and the appearance condition. All three conditions have been brought into question. | [
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Say that a hypothesis H from a background set of possible hypotheses mathbfH is verifiable if there is an evidence sequence such that H is the only hypothesis from mathbfH that is consistent with the evidence sequence. For example, in the black raven problem above, the hypothesis there is a nonblack raven is verifiable since it is entailed by an observation of a nonblack raven. The hypothesis all ravens are black is not verifiable, since it is not entailed by any finite evidence sequence. The following procedure assigns a simplicity rank to each hypothesis H from a set of hypotheses mathbfH .
Hypotheses with higher simplicity rank are regarded as simpler than those with lower ranks. Simplicity ranks are defined in terms of logical entailment relations, hence are languageinvariant. Simplicity ranks as defined can be seen as degrees of falsifiability in the following sense. Consider a hypothesis of simplicity rank 1. Such a hypothesis is falsifiable because an evidence sequence that verifies an alternative hypothesis of rank 0 falsifies it. Moreover, a hypothesis of simplicity rank 1 is persistently falsifiable in the sense that it remains falsifiable no matter what evidence sequence consistent with it is observed. A hypothesis of simplicity rank n1 is persistently falsifiable by hypotheses of rank n. Let us illustrate the definition in our running examples. | [
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I saw the movie last night here at home, but I thought it was too long first of all. Second, the things I saw in the movie were way too out of text to even have in this what I thought was going to be a comedy type movie like the rest before. The things isn't funny in the movie fianc hitting his girlfriend, beatings. The movie was way too longtalk about wanting to go to sleep and wondering when it will end when you wake up and still have it playing Some of the things at the reunion were too much to capturelike the lady singingi felt like i was almost watching a spiritual song show here come on Perry, you can do better then this | [
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Although TP put together a brand new cast. He got singers who are mediocre actors instead of actors who can sing. If this was a opera musical where the actors sang for 2hrs... My review would be different.The theme was under developed. Plot melodramatic. Actors lackluster. In essence Aunt Bam's Place is... WHACK However the nonactors made a decent attempt to be any good with what they had to work with in regards to the script.In conclusion Bam is a sidekick and should have stayed as such. Not worth her own show. This was thrown together to make money from DVD sales genius btw because this production didn't tour.I can't hate. Until TP has some competition this is what we get. Welp David E. Talbert is bringing it... A great producer in his own right. Let's give credit where credit it due, both men have different approaches. But one has moved away from the chitterling circuit while...Oh gee didn't I say in conclusion like 2 paragraphs agoOkay... Done | [
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Fear Strikes Out is a melodramatic, miscast, muddy, musty baseball movie loosely based on Jimmy Piersall's reallife experience with bipolar disorder. It appears I'm in the minority here, but I don't agree that this is a complex psychological drama. After repeated viewings, I don't think I learned anything about bipolar disorder, and the subject criticized the film for overblaming his father. Also, I disagree with the view that the movie wasn't melodramatic. Climbing the backstop while shrieking is overemotional unless it really happened, which it didn't. Take way the psychological drama and you're left with the baseball scenes, which Jimmy Piersall said were laughable. The theme of fathers trying to live out their dreams in their kids is an important one, but I don't think time or real life have been kind to the way this movie deals with it. | [
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CHINA WATCH HK Democrats Nearing Path To Beijing Talks HONG KONG Dow JonesProdemocracy parties look set to increase their seats in Hong Kong 39s Legislative Council elections next month, a result that could finally pave the way for a direct dialogue with Beijing. | [
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All the other actors appear in the last few minutes of the movie. I guess if you are a Stephen Dorff fan and enjoy looking up his nostrils for over an hour then this is the movie for you. Tom Berenger is the size of a whale and can't find a tie long enough to reach to his belt. A copy of Buried and less interesting. An IFC Film so look for it on Netflix in the next 3 months or so. | [
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Russia Looks for Cause of 2 Plane Crashes AP AP Russian investigators labored Wednesday to determine whether terrorism caused the nearsimultaneous crashes of two jetliners, killing all 89 people aboard and spreading anxieties about a possible bloody escalation of the Chechen conflict. | [
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It's not the worst Transformers movie... that was the second one. It's not the best either that was the first one by far. This one is just kind of blah. Lots of action, lots of explosions and not a lot of plot. Normally that would rate 3 or possibly 4 stars but not this time. Why There are a few reasons. The new girlfriend is one of the reasons. She's young, pretty and can almost act. Sadly her addiction to lip injections at such a young age has given her duckface. It's distracting and a little scary. The next is Patrick Dempsey. Normally he's a decent actor but his character waffled between whiny victim and smug arrogance for the entire film. It was annoying without adding much to the plot.The last problem and biggest one for me which I know doesn't bother most people was the product placement ads. Yes, I know these deals are part of the movie industry but the number of times I say Waste Management's logo cross the screen made me feel like I was in a really long commercial for all of the Transformers corporate sponsers. | [
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Well I'm blowed, a Woody Allen film that I walked out of after half an hour I'm aware of the moral fragility of commenting on a film of which I've seen less than half, but I hope you'll understand why. Basically, it became apparent very early on that we were going to be patronised from the screen with a script that set out its conceit as if with bullet points a cast that were all trying to be characters from Hannah and Her Sisters with the exception of Chloe Sevigny, and were badly directed into doing so and a camera that sat around portentously, only for there to be nothing to film but chat and the actor delivering it. Drama None it's partially prenarrated, but the action does nothing to develop a dramatic situation.br br Maybe I did leave too early in this case, but by then I'd decided against another hour and a half of onelinerAllen clones. The script has its funny moments I went almost entirely on the back of Will Ferrell's excerpts in the trailer trailerhooked again, doh but there's little pace to let them fly off nonchalantly, as is best. Worse than this there's no fluidity. Saying this film's wooden makes a forest look like a jelly the opening cafbound discussion being the most abject caseinpoint. The only thing that should be done by numbers is potted reviewing 210. | [
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WARNING REVIEW CONTAINS SLIGHT SPOILERSbr br There's a parallel universe out there where Gone In 60 Seconds is a dark, edgy, controversial independent movie. Unfortunately in this dimension Gone... is a flashy, vacuous, testosteronefuelled moronfest starring Nicolas Cage.br br For reasons not really worth getting into, he and his large number of cronies have four days to steal fifty expensive cars, only one of which has an alarm. This crew consists of the guy with the funnyshaped ears who's rumoured to be the new Superman a guy who conducted electricity in The XFiles an exprofessional footballer and two token black men.br br Their enemies are cops, rival car thieves and Bilborough from Cracker, his Manchester accent suitably flattened and broadened for American audiences who are now used to that sort of thing since Daphne in Frasier. There's also Angelina Jolie, who gets no character save to be a receptacle to men's sexual desires. She and Cage are supposed to be old flames, which is odd, as they never have anything approaching a normal conversation in all of the film's overlong 135m running time.br br In fact, characterisation is so poor that whenever anyone has a moment a violin plays in the background to accentuate the emotion. It's no spoiler to reveal that Vinnie Jones who recreates his famous Paul Gasgoine hand ball manoeuvre and is quite menacing when silent only gets one line not because his inability to speak is integral to the plot but because his eloquent summing up of the film's dubious morality after appearing mute the whole way through is funny. Allegedly. After he struggles through it in his notquiteactingbutit'lldo London drawl, Cage quips I always thought you were from Long Island. My ribs, as you might imagine, were well and truly tickled.br br In fact humour is the most undeveloped aspect, from the tactless comedy policeman to the two token black characters. This sees the biggest aspect of Hollywood take hold why is it that a black man cannot appear in a major motion picture without being constantly aware of his skin tone and endlessly refer to it The younger man, who, like the elder, jivetalks for the whole duration, proclaims us black people don't like the cold ... we're tropical people. He then goes on to express an urge to smoke a joint and watch Roots. He is, of course, parodying the image of black people, but how funny is that His older counterpart cannot speak without referring to himself, and thereby his colour, in third person. My black ass this, my black ass that. Does anyone know any black people who actually speak like that Thought not.br br The film's soundtrack is played almost nonstop and with increasing volume, some of the tracks especially Apollo 440's Don't Stop The Rock so loud they're actually more audible than the sound effects and dialogue. The surroundsound system even separates the two to such a degree that it makes them sound like two different films running together. No background music concept here, it's the aural equivalent of trying to watch a film while someone at the back of the cinema has their stereo turned up full blast. Keep that music down, young manbr br This isn't the worst film in the world and in many ways I enjoyed it. It's just that it's predictable, lazy and witless, with minimal effort in its construction. Apparently box office expectations are considerably down for this movie. After being forcefed junk for several years it appears the general public are starting to wake up to the fact. | [
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Reid opens his Ireland account Wanted man Andy Reid did his market value no harm by grabbing his first Republic of Ireland goal against Bulgaria at Lansdowne Road tonight. | [
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The above seemed a much more appropriate title when me and my suicidal underlings decided to watch this masterpiece of modern bullshit br br Erotic,Scary, Suspenseful, Well thought out, these are all the things this film fails to be.br br It is however incredibly funny, the slow sound effects and bad dubbing add to this to make one of the greatest comedies I have seen in recent years. And yet this film doesn't even try to be funny and that is one of the movies grand achievements, it becomes a comedy without even attempting to amuse.br br Throughout the film an old guy who looks amazingly like Santa Claus goes around ploughing over zombies and smashing vampires into the ground. This made me fail to believe the films title, if this was vampires vs zombies why were the vampires and zombies not fighting Oh well whatever, besides there were more flaws to this rental than the title. Such as this one there has been a virus sweeping through America creating zombie like beings who go around acting a lot like your average tourist. And yet there's only four zombies in the entire film. Another problem is besides one shop everywhere is deserted. Surely you'd see zombies roaming about in the woods or in the background a bit. In fact I believe they just drove around in a circle of forest over and over again since they didn't have a high enough budget to film in a wider location, that or the director didn't want to waste his precious time filming in different areas of wood he was to busy sitting in a trailer jerking off to be bothered with such trivial matters.br br In fact the director had so much fun doing this that he didn't have enough time to hire a big enough cast or even an editor. And so he told the eight members of the cast to dress up as different people and try not to act inconspicuous, whilst I assume he changed his name and began randomly snipping at the film reels editing isn't a hard job anyway right The only reason this movie found it's way into our bag was because somehow we got it confused with Freddy vs Jason, strange how these things happen isn't it. And the only way we made it though the night was by strapping gas masks on and bolting them to our skulls to avoid the stink of this nauseating mess.br br Oh yes we did laugh at the end, but I'm sure one does that a lot when he has lost his sanity................... | [
"The",
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"Oh",
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Just flat ou boring would not tell anyone that this is a good movie. Boring,boring terible movie, all the actors moved onto bettet things. This is one of their worst | [
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IE Flaw Affects Windows XP SP2 Systems The quothighly criticial quot vulnerability affects Internet Explorer 5.01, 5.5, and 6 on fully patched PCs running either Windows XP SP1 or the newer SP2. | [
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The President of India, as advised by the Prime Minister, has accepted the resignation of Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, Minister of State Independent Charge of Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, from the Council of Ministers, with immediate effect. | [
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Don't recover | [
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This was an incredibly maddening season it just seemed to go from one preposterous weakness to another. It STARTED with a nuclear explosion on American soil. Where do you go from there By the middle of the season 12 hours into the story everyone seems to have forgotten that we had just suffered a nuclear holocaust The former president is stabbed by his nutty exwife and then...nothing He, his ex and former Secret Service agent Aaron just disappear. This happens to characters throughout the season. All this may be explained by the fact that the writers publicly admitted that they had no bible no preplanned story arc. They were making it up as they went along This is NOT storytelling it is the video equivalent of a child attempting to convey a story and continually saying and then..and then...and then. This series gets one more chance with me. If it doesn't show me something next season, that's it. | [
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We began this examination of free speech with the harm principle let us end with it. The principle suggests that we need to distinguish between legal sanction and social disapprobation as means of limiting speech. As already noted, the latter does not ban speech but it makes it more uncomfortable to utter unpopular statements. Mill does not seem to support the imposition of legal penalties unless they are sanctioned by the harm principle. As one would expect, he also seems to be worried by the use of social pressure as a means of limiting speech. Chapter III of On Liberty is an incredible assault on social censorship, expressed through the tyranny of the majority, because he claims it produces stunted, pinched, hidebound and withered individuals everyone lives as under the eye of a hostile and dreaded censorshipt does not occur to them to have any inclination except what is customary . He continues
the general tendency of things throughout the world is to render mediocrity the ascendant power among mankindat present individuals are lost in the crowdthe only power deserving the name is that of massest does seem, however, that when the opinions of masses of merely average men are everywhere become or becoming the dominant power, the counterpoise and corrective to that tendency would be the more and more pronounced individuality of those who stand on the higher eminences of thought.
With these comments, and many others, Mill demonstrates his distaste of the apathetic, fickle, tedious, frightened and dangerous majority. It is quite a surprise, therefore, to find that he also seems to embrace a fairly encompassing offense principle when the sanction does involve social disapprobation
Again, there are many acts which, being directly injurious only to the agents themselves, ought not to be legally interdicted, but which, if done publicly, are a violation of good manners and, coming thus within the category of offenses against others, may rightly be prohibited.
Similarly, he states that The liberty of the individual must be thus far limited he must not make himself a nuisance . In the latter parts of On Liberty Mill also suggests that distasteful people can be held in contempt, that we can avoid themas long as we do not parade it, that we can warn others about them, and that we can persuade, cajole and remonstrate with those we deem offensive. These actions are legitimate as the free expression of anyone who happens to be offended as long as they are done as a spontaneous response to the person's faults and not as a form of punishment.
But those who exhibit cruelty, malice, envy, insincerity, resentment and crass egoism are open to the greater sanction of disapprobation as a form of punishment, because these faults are wicked and otherregarding. It may be true that these faults have an impact on others, but it is difficult to see how acting according to malice,envy or resentment necessarily violates the rights of others. The only way that Mill can make such claims is to incorporate an offense principle and hence give up on the harm principle as the only legitimate grounds for interference with behavior. Overall, Mill's arguments about ostracism and disapprobation seem to provide little protection for the individual who may have spoken in a nonharmful manner but who has nevertheless offended the sensibilities of the masses.
Hence we see that one of the great defenders of the harm principle seems to shy away from it at certain crucial points even Mill was unable to mount a defense of free speech on this one simple principle alone. It does, however, remain a crucial part of the liberal defense of individual freedom. | [
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1.4 Renaissance Today, Ren Descartes is mainly known because of his contributions to mathematics and philosophy. But he was highly interested in anatomy and physiology as well. He paid so much attention to these subjects that it has been suggested that if Descartes were alive today, he would be in charge of the CAT and PET scan machines in a major research hospital . Descartes discussed the pineal gland both in his first book, the Treatise of man , in a number of letters written in 164041, and in his last book, The passions of the soul . | [
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Canberra plans 39lethal 39 air force Australia is to spend up to A450m US320m on cruise missiles to give its military the quotmost lethal capacity quot for air combat in the region. | [
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I was warned by many that this is a one star movie at best. Silly me I had to see for may self. If there is someone you do not like then you can recommend this movie to them.Not that the premise is bad enough, that of Nazis surviving in the underworld but the film itself had cheep graphics and stilted dialog. The actors looked like porn star rejects. They did not even try to be campy. The gory parts were pathetic and anatomically incorrect.Do not let your fast forward button over heat.I am going to cut the review short before I barf. | [
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The description misleads and represents this film as a documentary. it's not. at BEST it's a mockumentary...and a BORING one, at that. i love dan butler for living his life openly as a gay actor in hollywood....but i'm sorry to say that this film shows why he's never a leading man. and his life partner as his BF is described in the film...c'mon. it's the 21st century, life partner is no better at pretending it's all real, either. big disappointment. i give this film 3 frowny faces. | [
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This movie only got a 1 because you can't give a zero if you have a weak tummy AT ALL don't watch. animal rights people you don't want to watch either. it makes people vegetarians i swear i witnessed it happen the only cool parts are the case and the fact that its a true story. its really really super creepy that this guy worked at ADT while he killed people still feel safe when you punch in that little code i don't He had access to every code in Kansas I hated the movie it was not scary it was mentally scaring Do your self a favor and dont rentbuy this movie i think it cost about 20 to make that INCLUDES their OVER paid actors | [
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In the previous section we have presented arguments against the view of objectivity as faithfulness to facts and an impersonal view from nowhere. An alternative view is that science is objective to the extent that it is valuefree. Why would we identify objectivity with valuefreedom or regard the latter as a prerequisite for the former Part of the answer is empiricism. If science is in the business of producing empirical knowledge, and if differences about value judgments cannot be settled by empirical means, values should have no place in science. In the following we will try to make this intuition more precise. | [
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Fragment 13 presents Philolaus account of psychic faculties
The head of intellect, the heart of soul psych and sensation, the navel of rooting and first growth, the genitals of the sowing of seed and generation. The brain the origin of man, the heart the origin of animals, the navel the origin of plants, the genitals the origin of all living things. For all things both flourish and grow from seed.
Philolaus thus recognizes four distinct psychic faculties. He makes a clear distinction between intellect nous, which is limited to human beings, and perception, which animals possess as well. He has no word for the soul as a whole and uses psych, which serves this function in Plato and Aristotle, for the psychic functions shared by humans and animals. Some have argued that for Philolaus psych only meant life, a common use in the fifth century . However, since plants are alive and psych is not assigned to them, life is not a good translation. Parallels in Herodotus suggest that for Philolaus psych was the seat of emotions and desires, which was closely connected to perception . The third psychic faculty is responsible for nutrition and growth and the fourth governs generation and the sowing of seed. This hierarchy of four faculties is strikingly associated with the hierarchy of living beings human, animal, plant as well as a hierarchy of parts of the body head, heart, navel, genitals. In identifying the head as the seat of intellect, Philolaus is siding with his fellow townsman, Alcmaeon, against those like Empedocles who championed the heart. He goes beyond this controversy to locate each faculty in a part of the body and thus anticipates a similar attempt by Plato to assign psychic faculties to regions of the body in the Timaeus. Philolaus makes a significant advance over earlier Presocratics by making a firm distinction between thinking and perception. His systematization of psychic faculties goes beyond anything found in his predecessors and is the recognizable precursor of Aristotles distinction between the faculties for nutrition, appetite, sensation, movement and thought . Riedweg notes that three of the seats of the psychic faculties brain, heart and genitals in animals are forbidden to be eaten in the acousmata, so that it may be that a connection can be seen here between scientific and religious strands in Pythagoreanism . | [
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Lowe's SecondQuarter Profit Rises ATLANTA Reuters Lowe's Cos. ltLOW.Ngt, the secondlargest home improvement retailer behind Home Depot Inc. ltHD.Ngt, on Monday said quarterly profit rose, but trailed estimates. | [
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This is possibly the worst movie I have ever seen. It's not funny, it's not fun, it's not entertaining, the only word that describes movie is bad. I wouldn't recommend this dvd if it cost 2 bucks. In closing all can say is this film is the benchmark for all horrible movies to be measured against and I would rather eat live maggots than watch this piece of garbage again. | [
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Robert Richardson argues that Fodors multiple realizability challenge to reductionism see 1.2 above rests on a misunderstanding of Ernest Nagels classic account of intertheoretic reduction. Although Nagels detailed examples of historical cases of intertheoretic reduction in science all involve biconditional crosstheory conditions of connectivity what Fodor and others called bridge laws, oneway conditional connections expressing sufficient conditions at the reducing level are all that his principle of derivability requires. Richardson cites passages from Nagel indicating that Nagel himself saw the force of this point. Multiple realizability only challenges necessity and nondisjunctive reducing conditions, and so is not a challenge to a projected, distinctively Nagelian reduction of psychology to some physical science. However, this response seems not to dispose of the original arguments force against mindbrain identity theory. | [
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One of the romantics central aims was to reenchant nature in the face of what they regarded as a threat from modern science. The threat was embodied primarily in the worry that modern science alienated rational and free human beings from nature, which, through the lens of this new science, had been viewed as a domain of brute, determined, mechanical causality 5.1. Aesthetics is capable of reenchanting nature insofar as it brings out a different conception of nature as organic rather than mechanic. On this organic conception, nature is a an organic whole, which is reciprocally interdependent on its parts b a domain of teleological rather than merely mechanical causality and c a dynamic and living force, which is selforganizing and selfgenerating 5.2. Science should become poetic insofar as it should approach nature in the same way that criticism approaches romantic poetry. Like romantic poetry, nature should be viewed as an organic and spontaneous whole. Under this conception of nature, rational, autonomous human beings are not alienated from, but are rather part and parcel of, nature 5.3. | [
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Crathorn is less well known than other fourteenthcentury atomists such as the Oxford thinkers Henry of Harclay and Walter Chatton , or the Parisians Gerard of Odo , Nicolas Bonet , and Nicolas of Autrecourt , yet we find several questions on the divisibility of the continuum in his Sentences commentary particularly I Sent., q. 3, but also qq. 4 and 1416. He affirms that a continuum is divisible into a finite number of atoms that are not mathematical points but its real, physical parts . Atoms are thus real singular entities with discrete magnitude or quantity and a proper nature. For example, he says that there are atoms of gold and atoms of lead, and that these are different kinds of things I Sent., q. 14. Crathorns atomism is far from that of Democritus.
The most difficult problem for atomists arises from book VI of Aristotles Physics, where it becomes necessary to define the contiguity of atoms. Since an atom by definition has no parts, how can we say that they touch each other If they are actually in contact, they should be in one and the same place if not, then there is no continuity since continuity requires contiguity. Crathorn replies by saying that this is a problem only for those who think of atoms as mathematical points. But since he holds that atoms have a proper magnitude and that they are defined by the fact that they occupy a single location situs or locus, a quantity that is simply the place occupied by the quantified thing I Sent., qq. 3 and 1415, the contiguity and continuity of atoms can be explained in terms of the contiguity of places. Atoms can form a continuous magnitude if all of them are contiguous, i.e., if they all occupy contiguous atomic places.
The implications of Crathorns atomism are truly astonishing. First, every movement boils down to local motion of atoms in the void. Thus, Crathorn affirms that a continuous motion has only one possible speed, which is the greatest speed it could ever reach . In other words, movement is continuous when an atom changes from one atomic place to another contiguous atomic place. The proportion of time and place i.e., the speed is always equal to one. So how can he explain the fact that things appear to move at different speeds The answer is quite simple to every varying speed there corresponds a discontinuous motion, with times of rest between some of the atomic places occupied by the moving atoms I Sent., q. 16, concl. 6. For example, the normal speed of an atom a corresponds to its local motion from a place p1 to another contiguous place p2 in a given atomic time. Variation of speed occurs if a moves from p1 to p2 but with a time of rest equivalent to two atoms of time. We may infer that speed can also vary if a goes from p1 to another place p3 that is not directly contiguous with p1.
Although Crathorn does not describe himself this way, he seems to be one of the most radical atomists of the fourteenth century , sharing with his Parisian contemporary Nicholas of Autrecourt much of the same antiAristotelian bent in his metaphysics and natural philosophy. Combined with his epistemology and philosophy of language, his philosophy is certainly one of the most original forms of reductionism in later medieval philosophy. | [
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"The",
"most",
"difficult",
"problem",
"for",
"atomists",
"arises",
"from",
"book",
"VI",
"of",
"Aristotles",
"Physics",
",",
"where",
"it",
"becomes",
"necessary",
"to",
"define",
"the",
"contiguity",
"of",
"atoms",
".",
"Since",
"an",
"atom",
"by",
"definition",
"has",
"no",
"parts",
",",
"how",
"can",
"we",
"say",
"that",
"they",
"touch",
"each",
"other",
"If",
"they",
"are",
"actually",
"in",
"contact",
",",
"they",
"should",
"be",
"in",
"one",
"and",
"the",
"same",
"place",
"if",
"not",
",",
"then",
"there",
"is",
"no",
"continuity",
"since",
"continuity",
"requires",
"contiguity",
".",
"Crathorn",
"replies",
"by",
"saying",
"that",
"this",
"is",
"a",
"problem",
"only",
"for",
"those",
"who",
"think",
"of",
"atoms",
"as",
"mathematical",
"points",
".",
"But",
"since",
"he",
"holds",
"that",
"atoms",
"have",
"a",
"proper",
"magnitude",
"and",
"that",
"they",
"are",
"defined",
"by",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"they",
"occupy",
"a",
"single",
"location",
"situs",
"or",
"locus",
",",
"a",
"quantity",
"that",
"is",
"simply",
"the",
"place",
"occupied",
"by",
"the",
"quantified",
"thing",
"I",
"Sent",
".",
",",
"qq",
".",
"3",
"and",
"1415",
",",
"the",
"contiguity",
"and",
"continuity",
"of",
"atoms",
"can",
"be",
"explained",
"in",
"terms",
"of",
"the",
"contiguity",
"of",
"places",
".",
"Atoms",
"can",
"form",
"a",
"continuous",
"magnitude",
"if",
"all",
"of",
"them",
"are",
"contiguous",
",",
"i.e.",
",",
"if",
"they",
"all",
"occupy",
"contiguous",
"atomic",
"places",
".",
"",
"The",
"implications",
"of",
"Crathorns",
"atomism",
"are",
"truly",
"astonishing",
".",
"First",
",",
"every",
"movement",
"boils",
"down",
"to",
"local",
"motion",
"of",
"atoms",
"in",
"the",
"void",
".",
"Thus",
",",
"Crathorn",
"affirms",
"that",
"a",
"continuous",
"motion",
"has",
"only",
"one",
"possible",
"speed",
",",
"which",
"is",
"the",
"greatest",
"speed",
"it",
"could",
"ever",
"reach",
".",
"In",
"other",
"words",
",",
"movement",
"is",
"continuous",
"when",
"an",
"atom",
"changes",
"from",
"one",
"atomic",
"place",
"to",
"another",
"contiguous",
"atomic",
"place",
".",
"The",
"proportion",
"of",
"time",
"and",
"place",
"i.e.",
",",
"the",
"speed",
"is",
"always",
"equal",
"to",
"one",
".",
"So",
"how",
"can",
"he",
"explain",
"the",
"fact",
"that",
"things",
"appear",
"to",
"move",
"at",
"different",
"speeds",
"The",
"answer",
"is",
"quite",
"simple",
"to",
"every",
"varying",
"speed",
"there",
"corresponds",
"a",
"discontinuous",
"motion",
",",
"with",
"times",
"of",
"rest",
"between",
"some",
"of",
"the",
"atomic",
"places",
"occupied",
"by",
"the",
"moving",
"atoms",
"I",
"Sent",
".",
",",
"q.",
"16",
",",
"concl",
".",
"6",
".",
"For",
"example",
",",
"the",
"normal",
"speed",
"of",
"an",
"atom",
"a",
"corresponds",
"to",
"its",
"local",
"motion",
"from",
"a",
"place",
"p1",
"to",
"another",
"contiguous",
"place",
"p2",
"in",
"a",
"given",
"atomic",
"time",
".",
"Variation",
"of",
"speed",
"occurs",
"if",
"a",
"moves",
"from",
"p1",
"to",
"p2",
"but",
"with",
"a",
"time",
"of",
"rest",
"equivalent",
"to",
"two",
"atoms",
"of",
"time",
".",
"We",
"may",
"infer",
"that",
"speed",
"can",
"also",
"vary",
"if",
"a",
"goes",
"from",
"p1",
"to",
"another",
"place",
"p3",
"that",
"is",
"not",
"directly",
"contiguous",
"with",
"p1",
".",
"",
"Although",
"Crathorn",
"does",
"not",
"describe",
"himself",
"this",
"way",
",",
"he",
"seems",
"to",
"be",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"radical",
"atomists",
"of",
"the",
"fourteenth",
"century",
",",
"sharing",
"with",
"his",
"Parisian",
"contemporary",
"Nicholas",
"of",
"Autrecourt",
"much",
"of",
"the",
"same",
"antiAristotelian",
"bent",
"in",
"his",
"metaphysics",
"and",
"natural",
"philosophy",
".",
"Combined",
"with",
"his",
"epistemology",
"and",
"philosophy",
"of",
"language",
",",
"his",
"philosophy",
"is",
"certainly",
"one",
"of",
"the",
"most",
"original",
"forms",
"of",
"reductionism",
"in",
"later",
"medieval",
"philosophy",
"."
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This is the weakest of the series, not much of a plot and a rather oddlooking Wallace. But it's still pretty good, considering. A sign of greater things to comebr br 610 | [
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Recently rereleased by Warner Brothers on DVD, Inside Daisy Clover is a wellproduced but peculiar tale of stardom, with a most unsatisfying ending. In the wake of the Michael Jackson overdose and other celebrity misadventures it makes more sense, but I still find in Daisy Clover a strange disconnect between reality and fantasy which is rooted in the bizarre script and which no amount of superb casting or carefully handled direction can overcome.A miscreant, disobedient flowerchild of the 30's, Clover is adopted by a Hollywood movie mogul, played wonderfully by Christopher Plummer in his usual smug and selfconfident mold, but the movie somehow lobotomizes Miss Clover's transformation into a star. That most important part of her metamorphosis is neatly left out of the story She is pulled off the street, and the next thing we know, she appears at her movie premiere in a full length gown, yet not quite sure why she is there.All her training and preparation, singing lessons, acting ability, her dance moves, seem to have nothing to do with her as a person, as if the studio somehow is capable of injecting stardom into a person like some kind of plastic surgery.Daisy Clover's dissatisfaction with her stardom and success in the movie industry just doesn't make sense. She doesn't live a real life. She doesn't seem to know what money is or to have any desires or aspirations in life.I don't buy it. She is a center of attention and adoration, with thousands of fans, yet she seems to have no social life. The studio is a strange, barren, and lifeless place, and Plummer conveys stardom upon her in a most contrived manner.To be sure, there are some good performances and superb movie craft here and some excellent scenes, as Plummer, Roddy McDowall, Redford, Wood, and an excellent supporting cast bring this strange story to life.I think this movie is worth seeing, but at the end the story seems to come to a dead stop and the conclusion is most unsatisfying. | [
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Int 39l observers 39 audit backs Venezuelan referendum results An audit by the international observers supported the official results of the recall referendum on Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Cesar Gaviria, the secretary general of | [
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Medical Examiner Finds No Injuries on ThanouSource ATHENS Reuters A medical examiner has found that Greek sprinter Katerina Thanou, who was in hospital with fellow athlete Costas Kenteris, had no injuries, a judicial source said on Tuesday. | [
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My first attempt at watching this ended in 8 minutes, roughly after the TV report scene, which I couldn't handle. It went approximately like thisbr br Reporter 1 Hmm, there's a pyramid in our skies. Reporter 2 I think it's aliens. awkward silence Reporter 1 In other news...br br A few days later I watched it to the end, and it wasn't as horrible as I've imagined, but there are serious problems with this. About half of the plot can be easily discarded. And the other half should be expanded to explain the background story or something.br br What use are the detective, the eugenics people, and the monsters which are disposed of momentarily by Horus More amusing was the monopoly scene. We're all powerful Gods, who have lived for aeons, and of all the games in the multiverse we happen to play monopoly. Monopoly Monopoly Even Erich von Dainiken looks coherent, compared to that.br br The other half is terribly lacking. What did our protagonist do to get himself cryofrozen Why was there no big event when he was released at the end He had those pesky followers, remember What happened to normal humans What's the deal with the masked guy How did the bluehaired girl appear What's with her eyesight Etcetera, etcetera.br br Visually it's OK, more or less, if you disregard the Egyptian Gods looking like walking turds with rotweiller heads. | [
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Bellhorn poised to make his return The Red Sox may get some urgent relief from their injury crisis as early as tomorrow with the return of Mark Bellhorn . The second baseman, whose left thumb was fractured Aug. 1 by a 94mileanhour fastball from Minnesota closer Joe Nathan , recovered faster than expected and reported to Triple A Pawtucket last night for a rehabilitation assignment. | [
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Venezuelans Vote to Keep Chavez in Office AP AP Venezuelans overwhelmingly voted to keep President Hugo Chavez in office, dealing a crushing defeat to a splintered opposition and allowing the leftist leader to convert one of the biggest challenges of his presidency into an even broader mandate to carry on his revolution for the poor. | [
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Hello everyone I'll try to save you the pain of watching this movie by describing my experience with it.There are 5 movie trailers at the start of the disc from Anchor Bay Entertainment, before the main menu even comes up. You'll have to watch closely, because you can only watch them once1 A Nu Image film with Christian Slater called Lies Illusions, which looked just as enthralling as My Own Worst Enemy.2 Millennium Films advertises a movie with Sharon Stone, Val Kilmer, and 50 Cent called Streets of Blood. Yawn.3 Indigo Motion's horror movie Grace looked interesting and even had a quote from Variety recommending it in all honesty, this one looked pretty good.4 STAN HELSING I'd rather gouge out my eye with a Tinkertoy stick than watch that movie again.5 Red Mist this one is by Generator Entertainment. From the trailer, it combines story elements of I Know What You Did Last Summer and Shocker YIKES.Without further ado, let's jump right into the plot of Ghost MachineThe movie starts out with a hooded woman getting taken to a prison we're not really sure why since no one has any lines. Flash forward to nine years later, we see a crack team of commandoes performing a military exercise and before you can say Napoleon Blownapart, they all get killed...but don't worry, it's just a virtual reality simulationAfter this, the group of tech guys decide to get together for Geeks Night Out extreme gaming in a supposedly haunted prison with beer, marijuana, hard alcohol and enough virtual weaponry to invade a 3rd world country. What could possibly go wrong with thisUmmm.....yeah. I don't think I need to explain that something goes horribly awry I wish it was a power outage so I didn't have to watch the rest of this movie. It turns out the prison is indeed haunted by a ghostly female presence who uses weapons that you'd probably find at Ghost Rider's garage sale. They try to stop her, secrets are revealed, yaddah yaddah yaddah, and then mercifully the credits roll.The story isn't that great, so let's move on to the castRachael Taylor Hey, remember the movie Transformers Remember the blond hairedwoman in the interrogation room with the guy who ate all the donuts She plays Jess, the strong female role in this movie. I'd love it if someone could explain how she's a strong female role after accidentally killing her whole team in virtual reality and being sexually harassed by an IT tech within 10 minutes of the film startingSean Faris This guy is like the 3rd clone in Multiplicity but instead of Michael Keaton, someone cloned Tom Cruise. He couldn't act his way out of a wet paper bag Throughout the entire movie he's talking like Tom Cruise, smiling like Tom Cruise and he's even dressed like Tom Cruise. Any coincidence his character's name is Tom He was the star of the film Never Back Down. Never saw it Think Karate Kid with MMA fighting, but stupider. There, I've saved you the price of a movie rental with one sentence.Richard Dormer This actor plays Sergeant Taggart, the stereotypical tough as nails military man. I can't decide what makes him such a great leader....is it his mysterious facial scars His interrogation techniques His stalking and attempted rape of a female Special Forces member in the shower roomWait, WHATYeah, apparently Jess doesn't feel the need to report his criminal behaviors. I guess a strong female role doesn't worry herself with such petty things.Jonathan Harden He plays Benny, one of those I'm an extreme gamer, I can handle anything, man kind of roles. Think Bill S. Preston, Esquire in Brit form and you've got the idea.Luke Ford He's got the part of Bland Boyfriend down pat the chemistry between him and Jess is pretty much nonexistent. Not much else to say about him.Sam Corry Plays the security guard Luke who gets paid to guard an empty prison and play Resistance Fall of Man all night. Man, I need a new job...Hatla Williams She plays Prisoner K. She's spared any verbal pain by having no dialogue in this film at all. I have to give her props, her willingness to put up with 45 hours of makeup for her character brings this from a 1 to a 2 star review rating.Now let's talk about the DVD itself.Whoever designed this DVD needs to get their hearing checked because the sound output is HORRIBLE. I tested this on my Playstation 3, my TV and my PC and I had to turn the volume up very high to hear anything while this movie played, and yet the endless looping techno music in the menu screens came through loud and clear. Top notch work in postproduction, guysThere are 3 special features on this disc and with the staticy music in the background, you'll want to pick one as fast as possible1 The Making of Ghost Machine From the intro sequence, you know this isn't going to end well. Each cast member is interviewed over the course of 30 minutes and the most screen time is given to Sean Faris. The production value of this making of is just as bad as the rest of the DVD the voices are hard to hear, the lighting is awful, and people are cut off midsentence.2 Interview with Writer Sven Hughes I kid you not, this is not an interview, it's a 10minute incoherent mess. There is no interviewer on screen it's just Sven jumping from topic to topic. One minute he's discussing Dr. Michael Persinger, then virtual reality, then his desire to see his movie reach the largest possible audience.THE INTERVIEW LITERALLY CUTS HIM OFF IN MIDSENTENCEIt's like the DVD got bored listening to him and decided to roll the credits so he'd stop talking.3 Ghost Machine Trailer This condenses the pain of watching the whole movie into a 2minute timeframe. I found this to be the most merciful special feature of all.There's no justification for buying this movie, and even a rental is illadvised. If you want to watch a horror movie from Anchor Bay Entertainment that'll actually entertain you, don't watch Ghost Machine...try outEvil Dead 2,Hellraiser, orSleepaway Campit has the most twisted ending to a horror movie I've ever seen. | [
"Hello",
"everyone",
"",
"I",
"will",
"try",
"to",
"save",
"you",
"the",
"pain",
"of",
"watching",
"this",
"movie",
"by",
"describing",
"my",
"experience",
"with",
"it",
".",
"There",
"are",
"5",
"movie",
"trailers",
"at",
"the",
"start",
"of",
"the",
"disc",
"from",
"Anchor",
"Bay",
"Entertainment",
",",
"before",
"the",
"main",
"menu",
"even",
"comes",
"up",
".",
"You",
"will",
"have",
"to",
"watch",
"closely",
",",
"because",
"you",
"can",
"only",
"watch",
"them",
"once1",
"A",
"Nu",
"Image",
"film",
"with",
"Christian",
"Slater",
"called",
"Lies",
"",
"Illusions",
",",
"which",
"looked",
"just",
"as",
"enthralling",
"as",
"My",
"Own",
"Worst",
"Enemy.2",
"Millennium",
"Films",
"advertises",
"a",
"movie",
"with",
"Sharon",
"Stone",
",",
"Val",
"Kilmer",
",",
"and",
"50",
"Cent",
"called",
"Streets",
"of",
"Blood",
".",
"Yawn.3",
"Indigo",
"Motion",
"'s",
"horror",
"movie",
"Grace",
"looked",
"interesting",
"and",
"even",
"had",
"a",
"quote",
"from",
"Variety",
"recommending",
"it",
"",
"in",
"all",
"honesty",
",",
"this",
"one",
"looked",
"pretty",
"good.4",
"STAN",
"HELSING",
"I",
"had",
"rather",
"gouge",
"out",
"my",
"eye",
"with",
"a",
"Tinkertoy",
"stick",
"than",
"watch",
"that",
"movie",
"again.5",
"Red",
"Mist",
"",
"this",
"one",
"is",
"by",
"Generator",
"Entertainment",
".",
"From",
"the",
"trailer",
",",
"it",
"combines",
"story",
"elements",
"of",
"I",
"Know",
"What",
"You",
"Did",
"Last",
"Summer",
"and",
"Shocker",
"",
"YIKES.Without",
"further",
"ado",
",",
"let",
"is",
"jump",
"right",
"into",
"the",
"plot",
"of",
"Ghost",
"MachineThe",
"movie",
"starts",
"out",
"with",
"a",
"hooded",
"woman",
"getting",
"taken",
"to",
"a",
"prison",
"",
"we",
"are",
"not",
"really",
"sure",
"why",
"since",
"no",
"one",
"has",
"any",
"lines",
".",
"Flash",
"forward",
"to",
"nine",
"years",
"later",
",",
"we",
"see",
"a",
"crack",
"team",
"of",
"commandoes",
"performing",
"a",
"military",
"exercise",
"and",
"before",
"you",
"can",
"say",
"Napoleon",
"Blownapart",
",",
"they",
"all",
"get",
"killed",
"...",
"but",
"do",
"not",
"worry",
",",
"it",
"is",
"just",
"a",
"virtual",
"reality",
"simulationAfter",
"this",
",",
"the",
"group",
"of",
"tech",
"guys",
"decide",
"to",
"get",
"together",
"for",
"Geeks",
"Night",
"Out",
"",
"extreme",
"gaming",
"in",
"a",
"supposedly",
"haunted",
"prison",
"with",
"beer",
",",
"marijuana",
",",
"hard",
"alcohol",
"and",
"enough",
"virtual",
"weaponry",
"to",
"invade",
"a",
"3rd",
"world",
"country",
".",
"What",
"could",
"possibly",
"go",
"wrong",
"with",
"thisUmmm",
".....",
"yeah",
".",
"I",
"do",
"not",
"think",
"I",
"need",
"to",
"explain",
"that",
"something",
"goes",
"horribly",
"awry",
"I",
"wish",
"it",
"was",
"a",
"power",
"outage",
"so",
"I",
"did",
"not",
"have",
"to",
"watch",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"this",
"movie",
".",
"It",
"turns",
"out",
"the",
"prison",
"is",
"indeed",
"haunted",
"by",
"a",
"ghostly",
"female",
"presence",
"who",
"uses",
"weapons",
"that",
"you",
"had",
"probably",
"find",
"at",
"Ghost",
"Rider",
"'s",
"garage",
"sale",
".",
"They",
"try",
"to",
"stop",
"her",
",",
"secrets",
"are",
"revealed",
",",
"yaddah",
"yaddah",
"yaddah",
",",
"and",
"then",
"mercifully",
"the",
"credits",
"roll",
".",
"The",
"story",
"is",
"not",
"that",
"great",
",",
"so",
"let",
"is",
"move",
"on",
"to",
"the",
"castRachael",
"Taylor",
"Hey",
",",
"remember",
"the",
"movie",
"Transformers",
"Remember",
"the",
"blond",
"hairedwoman",
"in",
"the",
"interrogation",
"room",
"with",
"the",
"guy",
"who",
"ate",
"all",
"the",
"donuts",
"She",
"plays",
"Jess",
",",
"the",
"strong",
"female",
"role",
"in",
"this",
"movie",
".",
"I",
"had",
"love",
"it",
"if",
"someone",
"could",
"explain",
"how",
"she",
"is",
"a",
"strong",
"female",
"role",
"after",
"accidentally",
"killing",
"her",
"whole",
"team",
"in",
"virtual",
"reality",
"and",
"being",
"sexually",
"harassed",
"by",
"an",
"IT",
"tech",
"within",
"10",
"minutes",
"of",
"the",
"film",
"startingSean",
"Faris",
"This",
"guy",
"is",
"like",
"the",
"3rd",
"clone",
"in",
"Multiplicity",
"but",
"instead",
"of",
"Michael",
"Keaton",
",",
"someone",
"cloned",
"Tom",
"Cruise",
".",
"He",
"could",
"not",
"act",
"his",
"way",
"out",
"of",
"a",
"wet",
"paper",
"bag",
"Throughout",
"the",
"entire",
"movie",
"he",
"is",
"talking",
"like",
"Tom",
"Cruise",
",",
"smiling",
"like",
"Tom",
"Cruise",
"and",
"he",
"is",
"even",
"dressed",
"like",
"Tom",
"Cruise",
".",
"Any",
"coincidence",
"his",
"character",
"'s",
"name",
"is",
"Tom",
"He",
"was",
"the",
"star",
"of",
"the",
"film",
"Never",
"Back",
"Down",
".",
"Never",
"saw",
"it",
"Think",
"Karate",
"Kid",
"with",
"MMA",
"fighting",
",",
"but",
"stupider",
".",
"There",
",",
"I",
"have",
"saved",
"you",
"the",
"price",
"of",
"a",
"movie",
"rental",
"with",
"one",
"sentence",
".",
"Richard",
"Dormer",
"This",
"actor",
"plays",
"Sergeant",
"Taggart",
",",
"the",
"stereotypical",
"tough",
"as",
"nails",
"military",
"man",
".",
"I",
"ca",
"not",
"decide",
"what",
"makes",
"him",
"such",
"a",
"great",
"leader",
"....",
"is",
"it",
"his",
"mysterious",
"facial",
"scars",
"His",
"interrogation",
"techniques",
"His",
"stalking",
"and",
"attempted",
"rape",
"of",
"a",
"female",
"Special",
"Forces",
"member",
"in",
"the",
"shower",
"roomWait",
",",
"WHATYeah",
",",
"apparently",
"Jess",
"does",
"not",
"feel",
"the",
"need",
"to",
"report",
"his",
"criminal",
"behaviors",
".",
"I",
"guess",
"a",
"strong",
"female",
"role",
"does",
"not",
"worry",
"herself",
"with",
"such",
"petty",
"things",
".",
"Jonathan",
"Harden",
"He",
"plays",
"Benny",
",",
"one",
"of",
"those",
"I",
"am",
"an",
"extreme",
"gamer",
",",
"I",
"can",
"handle",
"anything",
",",
"man",
"kind",
"of",
"roles",
".",
"Think",
"Bill",
"S.",
"Preston",
",",
"Esquire",
"in",
"Brit",
"form",
"and",
"you",
"have",
"got",
"the",
"idea",
".",
"Luke",
"Ford",
"He",
"is",
"got",
"the",
"part",
"of",
"Bland",
"Boyfriend",
"down",
"pat",
"",
"the",
"chemistry",
"between",
"him",
"and",
"Jess",
"is",
"pretty",
"much",
"nonexistent",
".",
"Not",
"much",
"else",
"to",
"say",
"about",
"him",
".",
"Sam",
"Corry",
"Plays",
"the",
"security",
"guard",
"Luke",
"who",
"gets",
"paid",
"to",
"guard",
"an",
"empty",
"prison",
"and",
"play",
"Resistance",
"Fall",
"of",
"Man",
"all",
"night",
".",
"Man",
",",
"I",
"need",
"a",
"new",
"job",
"...",
"Hatla",
"Williams",
"She",
"plays",
"Prisoner",
"K.",
"She",
"is",
"spared",
"any",
"verbal",
"pain",
"by",
"having",
"no",
"dialogue",
"in",
"this",
"film",
"at",
"all",
".",
"I",
"have",
"to",
"give",
"her",
"props",
",",
"her",
"willingness",
"to",
"put",
"up",
"with",
"45",
"hours",
"of",
"makeup",
"for",
"her",
"character",
"brings",
"this",
"from",
"a",
"1",
"to",
"a",
"2",
"star",
"review",
"rating",
".",
"Now",
"let",
"is",
"talk",
"about",
"the",
"DVD",
"itself",
".",
"Whoever",
"designed",
"this",
"DVD",
"needs",
"to",
"get",
"their",
"hearing",
"checked",
"because",
"the",
"sound",
"output",
"is",
"HORRIBLE",
".",
"I",
"tested",
"this",
"on",
"my",
"Playstation",
"3",
",",
"my",
"TV",
"and",
"my",
"PC",
"and",
"I",
"had",
"to",
"turn",
"the",
"volume",
"up",
"very",
"high",
"to",
"hear",
"anything",
"while",
"this",
"movie",
"played",
",",
"and",
"yet",
"the",
"endless",
"looping",
"techno",
"music",
"in",
"the",
"menu",
"screens",
"came",
"through",
"loud",
"and",
"clear",
".",
"Top",
"notch",
"work",
"in",
"postproduction",
",",
"guysThere",
"are",
"3",
"special",
"features",
"on",
"this",
"disc",
"",
"and",
"with",
"the",
"staticy",
"music",
"in",
"the",
"background",
",",
"you",
"will",
"want",
"to",
"pick",
"one",
"as",
"fast",
"as",
"possible1",
"The",
"Making",
"of",
"Ghost",
"Machine",
"From",
"the",
"intro",
"sequence",
",",
"you",
"know",
"this",
"is",
"not",
"going",
"to",
"end",
"well",
".",
"Each",
"cast",
"member",
"is",
"interviewed",
"over",
"the",
"course",
"of",
"30",
"minutes",
"and",
"the",
"most",
"screen",
"time",
"is",
"given",
"to",
"Sean",
"Faris",
".",
"The",
"production",
"value",
"of",
"this",
"making",
"of",
"is",
"just",
"as",
"bad",
"as",
"the",
"rest",
"of",
"the",
"DVD",
"",
"the",
"voices",
"are",
"hard",
"to",
"hear",
",",
"the",
"lighting",
"is",
"awful",
",",
"and",
"people",
"are",
"cut",
"off",
"midsentence.2",
"Interview",
"with",
"Writer",
"Sven",
"Hughes",
"I",
"kid",
"you",
"not",
",",
"this",
"is",
"not",
"an",
"interview",
",",
"it",
"is",
"a",
"10minute",
"incoherent",
"mess",
".",
"There",
"is",
"no",
"interviewer",
"on",
"screen",
"it",
"is",
"just",
"Sven",
"jumping",
"from",
"topic",
"to",
"topic",
".",
"One",
"minute",
"he",
"is",
"discussing",
"Dr.",
"Michael",
"Persinger",
",",
"then",
"virtual",
"reality",
",",
"then",
"his",
"desire",
"to",
"see",
"his",
"movie",
"reach",
"the",
"largest",
"possible",
"audience",
".",
"THE",
"INTERVIEW",
"LITERALLY",
"CUTS",
"HIM",
"OFF",
"IN",
"MIDSENTENCEIt",
"'s",
"like",
"the",
"DVD",
"got",
"bored",
"listening",
"to",
"him",
"and",
"decided",
"to",
"roll",
"the",
"credits",
"so",
"he",
"had",
"stop",
"talking.3",
"Ghost",
"Machine",
"Trailer",
"This",
"condenses",
"the",
"pain",
"of",
"watching",
"the",
"whole",
"movie",
"into",
"a",
"2minute",
"timeframe",
".",
"I",
"found",
"this",
"to",
"be",
"the",
"most",
"merciful",
"special",
"feature",
"of",
"all",
".",
"There",
"is",
"no",
"justification",
"for",
"buying",
"this",
"movie",
",",
"and",
"even",
"a",
"rental",
"is",
"illadvised",
".",
"If",
"you",
"want",
"to",
"watch",
"a",
"horror",
"movie",
"from",
"Anchor",
"Bay",
"Entertainment",
"that",
"will",
"actually",
"entertain",
"you",
",",
"do",
"not",
"watch",
"Ghost",
"Machine",
"...",
"try",
"outEvil",
"Dead",
"2,Hellraiser",
",",
"orSleepaway",
"Campit",
"has",
"the",
"most",
"twisted",
"ending",
"to",
"a",
"horror",
"movie",
"I",
"have",
"ever",
"seen",
"."
] | [
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In the early modern period a variety of explanatory roles were assigned to attention by a number of different writers. Descartes Meditations provides one prominent example. The result of Descartes First Meditationthat everything can be doubtedis in apparent tension with his Third Meditations claim that clear and distinct ideas are beyond doubt. Descartes introduces a claim about attention to resolve this apparent conflict. He says, in reply to the seventh set of objections, that it is only when we pay attention to them that clear and distinct ideas provide a place where doubt does not take hold
So long as we attend to a truth which we perceive very clearly, we cannot doubt it. But when, as often happens, we are not attending to any truth in this way, then even though we remember that we have previously perceived many things clearly, nevertheless there will be nothing which we may not justly doubt so long as we do not know that whatever we clearly perceive is true.
This passage is usually cited for the point that it makes about memory, but the picture that Descartes is here outlining is also one in which attention has an important epistemic role to play clarity and distinctness realize their epistemic potential only when attention is being paid to the ideas that have them. Those ideas can be doubted, as, in accordance with the policy of the First Meditation they must be, but that doubt cannot be maintained by a properly attentive thinker. The crucial first move in Descartes epistemologythe move from radical doubt to certainty about the truth of particular clear and distinct ideasis, therefore, a transition that is mediated by attention. | [
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Before purchasing this DVD, I didn't know the particulars about statutory rape charges and Roman Polanski. My vote today is not on that legal and moral issue.As a patron, I purchased what I hoped to be a fresh view regarding an terrible period in human history. I was looking for a new Shindler's List. But this story failed to meet expectations. If I wanted to spend hours listening to fine piano, maybe. But I wanted what lacked here uniqueness, a tight story, excellent entertainment, and the sensation proclaimed. It just didn't do it for me. | [
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Given that a lot of horror films are based on the premise that one or more of the central characters does something stupid at some stage during the proceedings, the girls in this film would be collecting Gold, Silver and Bronze at a Darwin Awards Olympic ceremony. A mentally disabled baboon would have made better choices than they did, and would have screamed a lot less while doing so.br br If you like films with a grainy picture, deliberately amateur camerawork my 92 yearold grandmother wields a camcorder with better results, extremely poor sound and no discernible plotnarrative, then this is your ideal film. Also note that you should enjoy the following women screaming for no reason, women whining for no reason. In fact reason and logic don't appear much in this film. For example we have to find Stephanie yeah I can't believe I was speaking to her, like, last night she called you last night yeah, she wanted to talk about some date she got asked one WHAT How come she didn't tell me As in, our friend is being chased by a serial killer with a shotgun and an array of grisly weapons but I have a problem with the fact that she didn't tell me she was going on a date.br br Okay, so the budget is low. That doesn't mean you have to make it look like it cost half the budget. The 'score' is interesting since all with the exception of one tracks have been written and performed by the writersdirectors of the film itself. In fact it would appear that the entire budget has been blown on sampling a track by The Duskfall, a death metal band from Sweden.br br The most worrying thing of all in the entire film is the ending which leaves us with the possibility for a sequel. | [
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