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The known fairy tale but with some good dose of ugliness, and cruelty. We know that the fairy tale too is cruel but the covered cruelty in this film is unbelievable. Mothers don't make the mistake to show this film to your kids. They will loose even the rest of tenderness through fairy tales if they read some , our time has left for them
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Edwin Porter's 1903 short film entitled The Great Train Robbery bursts onto the screen with so much excitement and ingenuity that one prepares to be blown away by another pioneering early film. Just like Melies' A Trip to the Moon, critics have hailed this as being the film that introduced the western genre into modern cinema. In my eyes, they were right. It had everything from the planning, the actual heist of the train, the murder of an unwanted civilian, and that looming final scene that makes you realize that these villains mean business it was all monumental for its time. From here to Eastwood, every western filmmaker has used Porter's image in some form or another to create their own story. One cannot say that this film didn't open the door, but the struggle comes from the story itself. The genre was defined by Porter, but outside of its initial excitement there really isn't anything to grapple onto. Perhaps I am jaded by the clich modern westerns and their haphazard messages, but how can something be clich before being clich To me, The Great Train Robbery seemed forced, untraceable, and unsurprising.br br Unlike Melies, Porter tells a very linear story. Robbers change the course of a train, rob it, then shoot at random people just to prove they are the true villains, and the final scene ends like any predestined film, without any surprises or glitches, and that looming man with a gun to your proverbial face. It is bland. Porter's film is boring. In the edition I watched, there was an addition of color near to the end to emphasize emotion, which felt cheap and was not encouraging to the filmmaker, or to the viewer. The issue remains that while it is important, Porter's film has been borrowed time and time again, it has in effect become diluted. The story itself does not carry the emotional powerhouse it once has. Unlike Melies early film, I cannot watch this again. I know what has happened, I know there is very little missing from behind the scenes, and that finally it is just what it has set out to be a simple story leading from point A to point B to point C. This issue is not only my gripe with this film, but also the strongest element to see in such an early film. While it was dull, the fact that it told such a strong narrative that our characters were characters with motives and drives, was outstanding to see. In an era where nonfiction films seemed mainstream, this broke the mold. Again, not that I am jumping on the prophetic bandwagon about this film it is an important film it just isn't a great film.br br Overall, I was eager to jump into this film to see where the roots of the western genre were planted, but I was equally as happy to leave this film behind. Porter is a talented director, and G.M. Anderson obviously went on to be very successful in the created field, but I just wasn't in awe of the film. I wasn't expecting big budget effects like Melies work, nor was I expecting a duplicate of A Trip to the Moon, but I did want to see the same creativity, exploration, and originality. I felt Porter played it safe, if that can be said with such an early film, but I couldn't feel the excitement as our villains did their evil deeds. I wasn't rooting for anyone, and the final conclusion proved that the kitschyness of it had worn off minutes after the film started. It was pioneering, but not monumental. The Great Train Robbery has lost its space in the time capsule of cinema.br br Grade out of
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How could you, Don Stephen HOW could you slaughter something so beautiful as the first Land Before Time I, alike many, own the original on DVD. It was honestly the only one I would buy regardless of the many chapters that surrounded me from all sides, all because they are painful to watch. Why are they painful SONGS.EVERY.THREE.SECONDS. I honestly cannot stand it and as far as the chapters go, I watched up until The Mysterious Island before I finally lost my faith but not my love. Fully aware that the rest are meant for children to aide them to grow and to share and to cherish life with every waking morning but why did they slaughter each and every individual character Sharptooth was my ultimate favorite until suddenly one day quotLets Hug the Carnivore Don't Worry, He's Friendlyquot I almost fainted, not with relief but shock. He in speaking of the rex had always been viewed as an evil and somehow, suddenly, he's friendly Someone, aside pointing the obvious of 'its for children' please explain this... I am in dire need. But aside the point of how the series is dying, I want to both buy this and at the same time ignore it. A When I was a child, I always wondered about Little foot's father. What happened to him Was he killed, did he abandon his mate WHAT Buying this, may answer my questions but I at the same time, do not want to be disappointed. B Reasons stated above of its obnoxious stature that it had somehow fell victim to.
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I love David Duchovny, I love Angelina Jolie, but I hated this movie to the point I had trouble watching it to it's rather predictable conclusion.The story line was good but it is clear that the end product was not what the actors or the director was aiming for. I come to that conclusion from watching interviews with DD during his Press Junket for the movie.The feeling through out this movie was it was a higgldly piggldy mess, and noone was quite sure how to reach the end. So it kind of waded through scenes that you were wondering where the rest of it went and how you reached this point in the first place.If there was a no star rating, I would have chosen that. As I said at the beginnin, I love David to death, but I felt I was watching Mulder without Scully in another version of his FBI life.On a final note, I am looking forward to his new movie with Minnie Driver.
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By the time this film was released I had seen Chorus Line on stage 4 times, and had been anticipating most eagerly the longrumored production of a film of the story. My wife and I were in line hours before the box office opened on the day the film was released. It was not just a disappointment, it was a kick in the abdomen. br br First, the story was moved outside, so to speak, by including scenes not in the confines of the theater. Those confines are a large portion of the meaning and impact of the story. br br Second Third together assign your own order one of the original songs, with very dynamic dance number, was removed a song which was NOT in the stage production was added. Say what I'm confused br br The only reason I gave this film 2 stars instead of 1 is my admiration for the talent and hard work of the performers. I've now seen Chorus Line on stage 6 times, and wouldn't mind seeing it 6 more times before I die. It is superbly written, with wonderful music, and heart wrenchingly true stories. If you want to see a musical which includes a great cattle call audition, I recommend All That Jazz. If you want to see the story of A Chorus Line, see it on stage.
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It may be difficult to imagine todays world without search engines. Which high school student has not used a Web search engine to query about some topic or subject Of course, it is quite possible that many Internet users, both young and old, do not consciously distinguish between the search engines they use and Web browsers that now also typically include search engines as a feature within their user interface. But virtually all Internet users have come to expect and depend on the instantaneous results they receive in response to their various search queries. While there is no shortage of definitions of search engine, none has been accepted as the standard or universally agreed upon definition. For purposes of this entry, however, the definition of a Web search engine, put forth by Halavais , is an information retrieval system that allows for keyword searches of distributed digital text. We note that this definition includes some important technical terms and concepts that, in turn, need defining and further elucidation. Our examination of key technical concepts underlying search engines is intended to provide a useful context for our analysis of the ethical implications. In this sense, Blanke is correct that an adequate analysis of the ethical aspects of search engines requires knowledge about the technology and its functioning. We begin with a brief sketch of the history and evolution of search engines, from their conception in the preInternet era to the development and implementation of contemporary Web 2.0 era search engines such as Google. Our examination of important historical developments of this technology is intended to address our first question, noted above What is a search engine It also provides a backdrop for analyzing our second major question, Why are search engines problematic from an ethical perspective where a cluster of ethical concerns involving search engine technology is examined. These include issues ranging from search engine bias and the problem of opacitynontransparency, to concerns affecting privacy and surveillance, to a set of issues involving censorship and democracy. We also describe some emerging ethical concerns affecting cybersecurityat the data, system, and international levelsgenerated by the use of discoverable search engines in the context of the Internet of Things. Additionally, we question whether search engine companies have any special moral obligations, e.g., in light of their privileged placed in society as gatekeepers of the Web , for which they should be held accountable. In analyzing this question, we also examine a key role that trust now plays for users who have come to depend on search engines, and the companies that develop them, for access to accurate information. Finally, in the concluding section, we briefly mention some impacts that search engines have for broader philosophical issues especially in the area of epistemology that may not be solely or mainly ethical in nature. However, an adequate analysis of these issues is beyond the scope of this entry.
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Euclid defined a boundary as that which is an extremity of anything Elements Bk I, Df 13, and Aristotle made this more precise by defining the extremity of a thing x as the first point beyond which it is not possible to find any part , and the first point within which every part is. This definition is intuitive enough and may be regarded as the natural starting point for any investigation into the concept of a boundary. Indeed, although Aristotle's definition was only meant to apply to material substances, it intuitively applies to events as well insofar as they have mereological structure and by extension also to abstract entities such as concepts and sets compare the topologically standard notion of the boundary of a set x as the set of those points all of whose neighborhoods intersect both x and the complement of x. Nonetheless, precisely this intuitive characterization gives rise to several puzzles that justify philosophical concern, especially with respect to the boundaries of spatiotemporal particulars such as objects and events.
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By bearing in mind that every believer is precious to Jehovah and that we need one another, just as each member of the human body is dependent on the others. 1 Corinthians 12 14 27.
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Although the souls of men and women are identical with respect to the rational faculty, Marinella claims that women have better souls than men because i they have better desires which in turn ii affect the capacity for reason, effectively rendering women better able to access and act on their reason, so that iii women behave betterand in particular, they behave with more moderation. She also argues that the female body offers evidence of the superiority of womens souls, both as a cause and as an effect, despite the equality of rational capacity enjoyed by men and women. She adopts the common distinction between body and soul Women, like men, consist of two parts. One, the origin and cause of all noble deeds, is referred to by everyone as the soul. The other is the transitory and mortal body. The soul, on her view, commands the body or ought to at the same time, it is dependent on the body for its operations 55. That is, the operations of the soulincluding desires, thoughts, decisions, and actionsrequire the body. Because the soul relies on the body for its operations, the body manifests or expresses the character of the soul and its faculties, in a variety of ways. When feminist philosophers first considered the question of sexual difference in the Renaissance, they were writing in response to overtly misogynistic claims in Marinellas case, the claims of Passi, which centred on the physical, moral and intellectual failings of women. One question feminists then had to face was whether to concede the facts, and dispute the explanation, or to dispute the facts. The question was whether it was better i to concede that women might appear to be inferior to men in a variety of ways to be, for example, more foolish or more focused on frivolous pursuits but to dispute that nature made them such or ii to dispute that women were more foolish, morally weak, or physically incapable in fact. Marinella by and large adopts the second strategy, arguing that women in fact display in their behavior not ignorance, unreason, vanity or flightiness, but on the contrary all the moral excellences that their detractors accuse them of lacking. At the same time, she does believe that men have suppressed the abilities and limited the opportunities of women, particularly with respect to intellectual endeavours, and that is a reason to expect that women might not be able to speak for themselvestheir souls cannot express themselves directly . The suppression of womens abilities, and the concrete suppression of their speech, justifies in Marinellas view moving to consider the evidence of womens bodies in order to understand their souls, and to argue for the superiority of women on that basis. Because the soul of a person operates through the body, the body manifests certain characteristics of the soul, and so stands to offer evidence of the character of the soul. Marinella intends then to demonstrate the superiority of womens souls through the superiority of their bodies. She appeals to two physical indications of the greater nobility of womens souls i the moderate temperature of the female body, and ii their bodily beauty. Consider her claim that the greater nobility and worthiness of a womans body is shown by its delicacy, its complexion, and its temperate nature, as well as by its beauty, . She believes the delicacy and complexion peculiar to womens bodies are caused by the more moderate temperature of the body, sodespite this listthere are only two fundamental differences in the bodies of men and women, temperature and beauty.
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Treatment with UDCA andor antibiotics to prevent clogging of biliary stents in patients with malignant stricture of the biliary tract cannot be recommended routinely on the basis of the existing randomised clinical trials. Further trials are needed with rigorous methodology and sufficient statistical power.
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Due to the limited number of studies available comparing various interface types, he optimum form of CPAP delivery interface remains unclear. The results of our review suggest that nasal pillows or the Oracle oral mask may be useful alternatives when a patient is unable to tolerate conventional nasal masks. The face mask can not be recommended as a first line interface, but may be considered if nasal obstruction or dryness limits the use of a nasal mask. Further randomised studies comparing the different forms of CPAP delivery interface now available for the treatment of OSA, in larger groups of patients and for longer durations, are required.
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It is so hard for me without you.
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None of the films are good they all suck. Bad acting bad special effects and only lots of pointless gore. Who needs like 10 movies with that only idiots who like violence in films. Avoid it at all costs.
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Later, her daughters condition took a turn for the worse, and Marion began to question God.
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a How do the psalmists words assure us that Jehovah is deeply concerned about us as individuals
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Also Read Schemes to benefit students teachers in a massive way Himanta Biswa Sarma
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Banned as a 'Video Nasty' in the UK, Unhinged has naturally gained quite a bit of notoriety. However, the most shocking thing I found about the film was its amateurishness in all departments. The bloodletting I could handle the terrible acting, shoddy editing, awful direction, lousy script and abysmal soundtrack were much harder to take.br br Three girls on their way to a music festival crash into a ravine during a storm. They are rescued by a friendly stranger who takes them to a nearby house. The owner of the house, a batty old lady, and her spinster daughter, welcome the girls in, allowing them to stay for a few days in order to recuperate. However, someone doesn't want the girls to leaveever One by one they fall victim to an unseen assailant.br br Taking a long time to get going and featuring some of the worst performances ever in a horror film and that takes some doing, Unhinged is a truly awful film. The music is a total mess it sounds like a three year old has been let loose on a synthesiser and as such, it complements the movie perfectly. Only a couple of bloody scenes towards the end and a bit of gratuitous nudity save Unhinged from getting the lowest possible score.br br If you are a horror completist and unfortunately, I am, you will want to see this in order to tick it off the Video Nasty watchlist. But be warnedit is really, really bad.
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What, if anything, makes political subjection legitimate For Surez, the question is compelling given that man is by his nature free and subject to no one, save only to the Creator DL III, 1.1. As Surez conceives of the basic position of humanity, the inhabitants of a hypothetical prepolitical state would have two main reasons to try to transcend it. First, families, the basic unit of human organization, are not selfsufficient they contain within themselves neither the offices nor the arts necessary for survival. They simply lack the requisite knowledge. Secondly, evoking the idea of a state of war, Surez argues that if families were divided from one another, peace could hardly be preserved among men, nor could wrongs be duly averted or avenged Defensio fidei catholicae, et apostolicae adversus anglicanae sectae errores, III.1.4, in Surez, Opera omnia XXIV. Inhabitants of the prepolitical state are thus capable of envisaging a possible political state, in which cooperation between families exists for some common purpose. They can thus realize that power must be vested in one or some individuals because nobody can be preserved unless there exists some principle whose function is to provide for and seek its common good DL III, 1.45. The constitutive act of the community cannot simply be a decision by each family to live in proximity to each other and interact peacefully. This would create, at most, a certain familiarity or friendship, but would fail to generate what Surez terms a moral union. This moral union originates instead in the assumption of the duties and obligations that make political life possible. These, in turn, are incurred by an act of express or tacit pact between the wouldbe citizens to help each other, together with their consent to subordinate themselves to a superior De opere sex dierum, V.7.3, in Surez, Opera omnia III. This view places Surez very close to the social contract school. It is a central tenet of this school that the citizens contract an obligation towards the political authority because they have given express, tacit, or hypothetical consent to it. Some of Surez's interpreters have resisted this conclusion, arguing that, for him, although consent creates the state, it does not directly cause political obligation. In this interpretation, just as the right of a person to rule over his body naturally results to use Surez's phrase from his being a person and is independent from the means by which he was generated so that, say, an in vitro generated human being would also have these rights, so the right of the rulers to rule over the city naturally flows from the fact that the city is a city, independently from the consent that generated it. Other interpreters, such as Schwartz, argue that, for Surez, consent directly causes political obligation without the mediation of the political community . What the political community causes by natural resultancy is not the citizens' political subjection to the ruler. Rather, it is the community's original rightful incumbency to the role of the ruler its selfmastership. For Surez, to say that the selfmastership of the political community emanates by natural resultancy is simply a way of saying that this mastership has no external cause such as God. The right to selfrule of the political community has the same origin as the political community itself consent. This effect is not mediated by any intervening cause. Note that for Surez the ruler's power is not the result of a transfer or alienation of individual selfrule rights. Hence, Surez's ruler is not, as in Hobbes, the depositary of a part of the citizens' right over themselves. The seat of power remains always, if only latently, with the community .
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Emergency defers Maldives debate A parliamentary session due to have begun on Monday in the Maldives has been postponed indefinitely.
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The epiphenomenalist wishes to preserve the integrity of physical science and the physical world, and appends those mental features that he cannot reduce. The parallelist preserves both realms intact, but denies all causal interaction between them. They run in harmony with each other, but not because their mutual influence keeps each other in line. That they should behave as if they were interacting would seem to be a bizarre coincidence. This is why parallelism has tended to be adopted only by those like Leibniz who believe in a preestablished harmony, set in place by God. The progression of thought can be seen as follows. Descartes believes in a more or less natural form of interaction between immaterial mind and material body. Malebranche thought that this was impossible naturally, and so required God to intervene specifically on each occasion on which interaction was required. Leibniz decided that God might as well set things up so that they always behaved as if they were interacting, without particular intervention being required. Outside such a theistic framework, the theory is incredible. Even within such a framework, one might well sympathise with Berkeleys instinct that once genuine interaction is ruled out one is best advised to allow that God creates the physical world directly, within the mental realm itself, as a construct out of experience.
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A list of captions below an icon in the icon view and the desktop. The actual number of captions shown depends on the zoom level. Some possible values are size, type, datemodified, owner, group, permissions, and mimetype.
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Laughter is a state of mind says the tag, and I hesitate to comment on Barry Levinson's. What could he have been thinking during the making of Toys When he watched the rushes, did he see a successful, funny fantasy If so, then he's working on a different plane than I. This is an excruciating picture, one in which the production design is 90 of the thing and even the cartoon colors are a disappointment. Robin Williams and most especially Joan Cusack are humiliated as brother and sister of a toy mogul who are bypassed as inheritors of the factory when their dad dies. There's nothing remotely funny satirical or slapstickwise on display here. It is uniformly draggy, ugly, and one of the very worst big movies ever made. NO STARS from
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I bought the movie and the image and sound quality were horrible. It was almost unwatchable the show is awesome nobody does it better than the sunny crew but amazon sucks.
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Scientists Seek Scent of Life in Methane at Mars Sniffing out any whiff of biology on Mars has become a scientific battle of the bands spectral bands that is. The purported detection of methane in the martian atmosphere by Mars Express, the European
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Listening to their experiences and seeing their joy helped to implant in our hearts the desire for full time service.
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German Budget Deficit Widens in First Half AP AP Germany's budget deficit widened in the first half of this year, figures released Tuesday showed, but the government renewed its commitment to get the shortfall back within a European Unionimposed limit next year.
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Bluray burns for interactive content Flashy features could tempt consumersand that tempts Hollywood, which could help Bluray beat out a rival technology.
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It would have been helpful to be able to play this on a computer DVD.
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Those sympathetic to empiricism may be inclined to portray this history as a progress from darkness to light. But a moments reflection suggests it deserves a more cautious evaluation. These ancient and medieval thinkers certainly laid the foundations on which early modern and modern empiricists would build. But they also bequeathed a series of problems, some of which have never been satisfactorily resolved. There are, first of all, the problems faced by the Epicureans, who were genetic but not explanatory empiricists, favouring the atomist theory of Leucippus and Democritus. As Democritus seems to have realized, while the atomist doctrine can be supported by observable facts such as the fact of motion, once formulated it seems to undercut a belief in the reliability of such observations. At the very least, it suggests a distinction between what would later be called primary and secondary qualities, narrowing the range of the kind of experiences to which natural philosophers would appeal. The Epicureans also seem to have come up against another enduring problem that of the underdetermination of theory by data. If the senses cannot directly bear witness to the existence of what cannot be observed, being able only to bear witness against it, there may be a number of apparently equally acceptable hypotheses about the unobservable. One could argue, as Epicureans seem to have done, that these should all be regarded as true, in the sense of being realized somewhere and at some time. But this seems unsatisfactory when it comes to explaining particular events. More broadly, there is the problem of just what experience can show. Can experience be a source of mathematical or logical knowledge Can it reveal the causal relations that are traditionally regarded as the goal of science Aristotle, as we saw, seems to have held that the mind has the power of identifying the causal powers that belong to particular kinds of entities. But it was never clear that experience alone could achieve such an insight. Medieval discussions of the agent intellect tended to regard it as an external power, or, at least, a human faculty that participates in a divine light. Thinkers such as Henry of Ghent went further, embracing the Augustinian idea that an act of divine illumination is required on each occasion we attain such insights. Under the impact of Aristotelian naturalism this idea was abandoned, but without it must be said any clear alternative. Later empiricists could and did follow Ockham in denying that there are universals to be discovered they professed to be undisturbed by the fact that we cannot grasp the real essences of the objects we perceive Locke Essay 3.6.9. But the problems of empiricism did not go away. Even one of the empiricists favorite ideasthe covering law account of scientific explanationassumes we can arrive at true generalizations, propositions that apply to all members of a particular class. But for those who take Ockhams nominalism to its logical conclusion, a law of nature can be nothing more than a contingently true proposition. Since the similarities that fix class membership have no metaphysical grounding, not being based on a shared nature, we cannot know the truth of the law by any kind of rational insight. The only way of testing such a proposition is by observation. It is at this point that there arises the problem of induction, first discussed by Sextus Empiricus and picked up by Nicholas of Autrecourt. The problems, however, go beyond that of induction. If laws of nature are to be distinguished from accidental generalizations, they must be thought to embody modal knowledge, particularly as this relates to contrarytofact conditionals . Epicurus seems to have somewhat navely believed that in grasping the phenomena, we grasp how things can and must be . But it is far from clear how observation could lead to such insights. If Epicurus was nave in this respect, the same could be said of many modern empiricists. This article began with the observation that we should not approach ancient thinkers in a Whiggish fashion nor should we force their thought into modern categories. But what this history shows is that there is no need to do so. Once we understand what these thinkers were saying, we can see that many of their questions remain what medievals called quaestiones disputatae, with which we are still grappling.
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There is insufficient high quality evidence to confirm any significant difference in outcome between surgical or nonsurgical initial management of people following primary patellar dislocation, and none examining this comparison in people with recurrent patellar dislocation. Adequately powered randomised, multicentre controlled trials, conducted and reported to contemporary standards are recommended.
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Summer storms lash Europe, deaths in France AFP AFP Freak storms packing howling winds and heavy rain that lashed Britain and France this week were set to continue after already causing significant destruction and the deaths of at least four people.
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There is some evidence to suggest that family therapy may be effective compared to treatment as usual in the short term. However, this is based on few trials that included only a small number of participants, all of which had issues regarding potential bias. There is insufficient evidence to be able to determine whether family therapy offers any advantage over other types of psychological interventions, or whether one type of family therapy is more effective than another. The field would benefit from a large, wellconducted trial.
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Parties Seek Advantage in Vietnam Debate AP AP The events may be 35 years old, but the heated discussion hasn't stopped because Republicans and Democrats alike sense a political advantage in keeping the debate over John Kerry's service in Vietnam on voters' minds.
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I decided to blindly stream this on Netflix available as of 101312 and enjoyed it a bit. A young doctor decides to join a group of hunters to stop a menacing creature that has been terrorizing his village. It has some decent moments, including scares and thrills, but doesn't live up to it's potential.The story is fairly simple, as I previously summarized. So, it's easy to follow which can be seen as a plus. But, the characters were very generic and have been seen a dozen times in other films the mysterious yet cool hunter, the smooth yet annoying hunter, the strong yet attractive female hunter, etc. The dialogue is also littered with one liners, I did laugh at the story of the horse with wheels for legs, though. Also, I heard several different English accents, which didn't really make sense to me. The gore and action effects were actually really good. But, the werewolves felt out of place and the transformations were a little lackluster and disappointing. Also, it's not the scariest movie, but it does pack some decent jumpout scares and some thrilling action sequences not enough of them, though. The werewolf's identity was predictable, but a certain part of the ending was not regardless, it is also a bit boring and typical.Overall, the story and characters are genericoften boring and the effects for the most significant part of the film the werewolves were bad. It has been done before and better. If you're a fan of werewolves or monster flicks, you may enjoy this film the most.Werewolf The Beast Among Us has strong violence and gore. No sex or nudity.
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What are models That is, what kind of object are scientists dealing with when they work with a model A number of authors have voiced skepticism that this question has a meaningful answer, because models do not belong to a distinctive ontological category and anything can be a model . Contessa replies that this is a non sequitur. Even if, from an ontological point of view, anything can be a model and the class of things that are referred to as models contains a heterogeneous collection of different things, it does not follow that it is either impossible or pointless to develop an ontology of models. This is because even if not all models are of a particular ontological kind, one can nevertheless ask to what ontological kinds the things that are de facto used as models belong. There may be several such kinds and each kind can be analyzed in its own right. What sort of objects scientists use as models has important repercussions for how models perform relevant functions such as representation and explanation, and hence this issue cannot be dismissed as just sociology. The objects that commonly serve as models indeed belong to different ontological kinds physical objects, fictional objects, abstract objects, settheoretic structures, descriptions, equations, or combinations of some of these, are frequently referred to as models, and some models may fall into yet other classes of things. Following Contessas advice, the aim then is to develop an ontology for each of these. Those with an interest in ontology may see this as a goal in its own right. It pays noting, however, that the question has reverberations beyond ontology and bears on how one understands the semantics and the epistemology of models.
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RealNetworks Tries to Core Apple RealNetworks launched round two in its heavyweight digital music match against Apple Computer, slashing the cost of its music downloads to take business away from Apple's iTunes download service. ltFONT faceverdana,MS Sans Serif,arial,helvetica size2 color666666gtltBgtwashingtonpost.comltBgtltFONTgt
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The only way we survived this stinker was by continually making fun of its stupidity. Funny thing is none of the audience around us seemed to mindwe all joined in.br br This movie is soooo bad, its only potential is to become a midnight cult movie that people can invent lines and throw popcorn at.
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While early film offerings, such as Jesse James, supported the myth, and even some solid recent films, including The Long Riders, The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James and The Great Northfield Raid, bent facts to condense the story, American Outlaws has to qualify as the biggest piece of trash ever made from the standpoint of passing itself off as a serious Western. Mostly, this garbage allowed its cast of pretty faces the opportunity to play cowboys like a group of gradeschool youngsters. Being a fan of American history, the West in general and the JamesYounger Gang in particular, I remember going to see this film when it came out, and the only reason I didn't walk out was to make sure it was trash from start to finish. If you are looking for a Jesse James collection, try those early films and by all means purchase The Assination of Jesse James when available.
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If such doubts should arise, what can we do to remove them 5, 6. What must we do if doubts should arise
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Who is in a better position to give such guidance than the Creator Since he put humans on the earth in the first place, he must know why they are here.
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Injured persons admitted to hospital
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Bank of America Plans Big Layoffs Paper Reuters Reuters Bank of America Corp. BAC.N, planson Wednesday to lay off hundreds of tellers and other employeesat Fleet bank branches, and ask them to leave immediately, theBoston Globe said on Wednesday, citing documents it obtainedand Fleet branch managers.
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Answer Yes
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The completeness question for the first order predicate calculus was stated precisely and in print for the first time in 1928 by Hilbert and Ackermann in their text Grundzge der theoretischen Logik , a text with which Gdel would have been quite familiar. The question Hilbert and Ackermann pose is whether a certain explicitly given axiom system for the first order predicate calculus is complete in the sense that from it all logical formulas that are correct for each domain of individuals can be derived . We give an outline of Gdels own proof in his doctoral thesis . An essential difference with earlier efforts , is that Gdel defines meticulously all the relevant basic concepts. A logical expression in Gdels terminology is a wellformed first order formula without identity. An expression is refutable if its negation is provable, valid if it is true in every interpretation and satisfiable if it is true in some interpretation. The Completeness Theorem is stated as follows Theorem 1. Every valid logical expression is provable. Equivalently, every logical expression is either satisfiable or refutable. Gdels proof calculus is that of Hilbert and Ackermanns text. An expression is in normal form if all the quantifiers occur at the beginning. The degree of an expression or formula is the number of alternating blocks of quantifiers at the beginning of the formula, assumed to begin with universal quantifiers. Gdel shows that if the completeness theorem holds for formulas of degree k it must hold for formulas of degree k
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He helped us a lot.
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The driver and the conductor fled after the accident.
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Lots of hype, but missed the mark. This could have been a great movie, but they held back. Not worth getting, rent it if you can find it
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2.1 The Definition of Panpsychism Panpsychists believe that there is much more consciousness in the universe than is commonly assumed indeed at least some fundamental entities have consciousness according to panpsychism. But what is the relationship between this extra consciousness and the consciousness we ordinarily believe in, the consciousness we pretheoretically associate with humans and other animals David Chalmers distinguishes between constitutive and nonconstitutive forms of panpsychism, a distinction I present here in a slightly modified form The most common form of constitutive panpsychism is Philosophers use the word grounding to refer to the kind of noncausal explanatory relationship that holds, for example, between the fact that there is a party at Bills house and the fact that Bill and his friends are dancing, drinking etc. The revelling of Bill and his pals do not cause a party to come into being, in the way the magical dancing of wizards may cause a spirit to come into existence. The relationship is more intimate than that the fact that there is a party wholly consists in the fact that certain people are dancing, drinking, etc. Likewise, according to constitutive panpsychism, the fact that I am conscious wholly consists in the fact that certain particles in my brain are arranged in, or interacting in, a certain way see the entry on metaphysical grounding for more discussion of the grounding relation. This is the form of panpsychism that suffers most acutely from the combination problem, which we will explore below. However, if it can be made sense of, constitutive micropsychism promises an elegant and parsimonious view of nature, with all the richness of nature accounted for in terms of facts at the microlevel. Luke Roelofs has developed a particularly detailed form of constitutive micropsychism. Turning to nonconstitutive forms of panpsychism, we should note that by saying that human and animal consciousness is not fundamental, we simply mean that it is not grounded in microlevel consciousness. This does not imply that humananimal consciousness is not caused by microlevel consciousness. Indeed, nonconstitutive panpsychism typically takes the form of some kind of emergentism, according to which the conscious minds of humans and animals arise as a causal product of interactions between microlevel conscious subjects. Emergentist panpsychism in turn takes two forms. Gregg Rosenberg and Godehard Brntrup have each defended a form of layered emergentism, according to which human minds coexist with the microlevel conscious subjects that give rise to them and sustain them throughout their existence. The resulting picture is structurally similar to the British emergentism of the 19th and early 20th century in both pictures new fundamental entities and forces appear when matter reaches a certain level of complexity. However, panpsychist emergentists are arguably committed to a less radical form of emergence than nonpanpsychist emergentists, as the emergent entities are of the same kind as the microlevel entities from which they emerge. William Seager and Hedda Hassel Mrch have independently defended a nonlayered form of panpsychist emergentism, which we can call fusionism. According to fusionism, when microlevel subjects come together to form a human mind they dont compose it as bricks compose a house, rather they as it were fuse into it, ceasing to exist in the process. On Seagers view the postfusion conscious brain entirely lacks parts it is a big simple. On Mrchs view the postfusion conscious brain still has parts, but whereas prefusion the brain was dependent for its existence on its parts, postfusion the parts are dependent for their existence upon the brain. Mrch develops her view as a form of the integrated information theory of consciousness, a leading neuroscientific theory of consciousness which arguably has panpsychist implications for more on the integrated information theory of consciousness, see the entry on the neuroscience of consciousness. By taking human and animal consciousness to be fundamental, rather than somehow made up of more basic forms of consciousness, emergentists avoid some forms of the combination problem discussed below. However, this comes at the cost of having an empirically more risky view. It is natural to think that emergent fundamental features of reality would introduce radically new causal powers, and hence it ought to be possible in principle to observe the difference they make in the world when they come into existence. David Papineau has argued i that neuroscience and cellular biology show no sign of the existence of distinctive causal powers associated with biological consciousness, and ii that this counts strongly against emergentism of any kind.
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"arranged", "in", ",", "or", "interacting", "in", ",", "a", "certain", "way", "see", "the", "entry", "on", "metaphysical", "grounding", "for", "more", "discussion", "of", "the", "grounding", "relation", ".", "This", "is", "the", "form", "of", "panpsychism", "that", "suffers", "most", "acutely", "from", "the", "combination", "problem", ",", "which", "we", "will", "explore", "below", ".", "However", ",", "if", "it", "can", "be", "made", "sense", "of", ",", "constitutive", "micropsychism", "promises", "an", "elegant", "and", "parsimonious", "view", "of", "nature", ",", "with", "all", "the", "richness", "of", "nature", "accounted", "for", "in", "terms", "of", "facts", "at", "the", "microlevel", ".", "Luke", "Roelofs", "", "has", "developed", "a", "particularly", "detailed", "form", "of", "constitutive", "micropsychism", ".", "Turning", "to", "nonconstitutive", "forms", "of", "panpsychism", ",", "we", "should", "note", "that", "by", "saying", "that", "human", "and", "animal", "consciousness", "is", "not", "fundamental", ",", "we", "simply", "mean", "that", "it", "is", "not", "grounded", "in", "microlevel", "consciousness", ".", "This", "does", "not", "imply", "that", "humananimal", "consciousness", "is", "not", "caused", "by", "microlevel", "consciousness", ".", "Indeed", ",", "nonconstitutive", "panpsychism", "typically", "takes", "the", "form", "of", "some", "kind", "of", "emergentism", ",", "according", "to", "which", "the", "conscious", "minds", "of", "humans", "and", "animals", "arise", "as", "a", "causal", "product", "of", "interactions", "between", "microlevel", "conscious", "subjects", ".", "Emergentist", "panpsychism", "in", "turn", "takes", "two", "forms", ".", "Gregg", "Rosenberg", "", "and", "Godehard", "Brntrup", "", "have", "each", "defended", "a", "form", "of", "layered", "emergentism", ",", "according", "to", "which", "human", "minds", "coexist", "with", "the", "microlevel", "conscious", "subjects", "that", "give", "rise", "to", "them", "and", "sustain", "them", "throughout", "their", "existence", ".", "The", "resulting", "picture", "is", "structurally", "similar", "to", "the", "British", "emergentism", "of", "the", "19th", "and", "early", "20th", "century", "in", "both", "pictures", "new", "fundamental", "entities", "and", "forces", "appear", "when", "matter", "reaches", "a", "certain", "level", "of", "complexity", ".", "However", ",", "panpsychist", "emergentists", "are", "arguably", "committed", "to", "a", "less", "radical", "form", "of", "emergence", "than", "nonpanpsychist", "emergentists", ",", "as", "the", "emergent", "entities", "are", "of", "the", "same", "kind", "as", "the", "microlevel", "entities", "from", "which", "they", "emerge", ".", "William", "Seager", "", "and", "Hedda", "Hassel", "Mrch", "", "have", "independently", "defended", "a", "nonlayered", "form", "of", "panpsychist", "emergentism", ",", "which", "we", "can", "call", "fusionism", ".", "According", "to", "fusionism", ",", "when", "microlevel", "subjects", "come", "together", "to", "form", "a", "human", "mind", "they", "do", "nt", "compose", "it", "as", "bricks", "compose", "a", "house", ",", "rather", "they", "as", "it", "were", "fuse", "into", "it", ",", "ceasing", "to", "exist", "in", "the", "process", ".", "On", "Seagers", "view", "the", "postfusion", "conscious", "brain", "entirely", "lacks", "parts", "it", "is", "a", "big", "simple", ".", "On", "Mrchs", "view", "the", "postfusion", "conscious", "brain", "still", "has", "parts", ",", "but", "whereas", "prefusion", "the", "brain", "was", "dependent", "for", "its", "existence", "on", "its", "parts", ",", "postfusion", "the", "parts", "are", "dependent", "for", "their", "existence", "upon", "the", "brain", ".", "Mrch", "develops", "her", "view", "as", "a", "form", "of", "the", "integrated", "information", "theory", "of", "consciousness", ",", "a", "leading", "neuroscientific", "theory", "of", "consciousness", "which", "arguably", "has", "panpsychist", "implications", "for", "more", "on", "the", "integrated", "information", "theory", "of", "consciousness", ",", "see", "the", "entry", "on", "the", "neuroscience", "of", "consciousness", ".", "By", "taking", "human", "and", "animal", "consciousness", "to", "be", "fundamental", ",", "rather", "than", "somehow", "made", "up", "of", "more", "basic", "forms", "of", "consciousness", ",", "emergentists", "avoid", "some", "forms", "of", "the", "combination", "problem", "discussed", "below", ".", "However", ",", "this", "comes", "at", "the", "cost", "of", "having", "an", "empirically", "more", "risky", "view", ".", "It", "is", "natural", "to", "think", "that", "emergent", "fundamental", "features", "of", "reality", "would", "introduce", "radically", "new", "causal", "powers", ",", "and", "hence", "it", "ought", "to", "be", "possible", "in", "principle", "to", "observe", "the", "difference", "they", "make", "in", "the", "world", "when", "they", "come", "into", "existence", ".", "David", "Papineau", "", "has", "argued", "i", "that", "neuroscience", "and", "cellular", "biology", "show", "no", "sign", "of", "the", "existence", "of", "distinctive", "causal", "powers", "associated", "with", "biological", "consciousness", ",", "and", "ii", "that", "this", "counts", "strongly", "against", "emergentism", "of", "any", "kind", "." ]
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It is virtually impossible to distinguish the Daoist understanding of the human body from its understanding of the human being as a whole, and this point constitutes on its own a central aspect of the Daoist way of seeing. Daoism is not interested in anatomy or physiology. The physical body performs a different function it supports various sets of metaphors that express the relation of the whole person to the ultimate principle, the Dao. The emphasis given to the symbolic aspects of the body is also the main aspect under which Daoism differs from Chinese traditional medicine Daoism sees the body as an instrument for returning to the Dao. Catherine Despeux draws attention to this point by noting that Daoists have considered the body in its practical ends, in its uses, developing all kinds of body techniques that intend to liberate the individual from the constraints of the physical body, and consequently to entrust a major role to the symbolic body.
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The BJP is trying to take advantage of this situation.
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As words flow from Pauls mouth, an extraordinary thing happens.
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Species pluralism comes in various forms . Kitcher and Dupr offer forms of species pluralism that recognize the species concepts mentioned abovebiological species, phylogenetic species, and ecological speciesas well as other species concepts. As we saw in Section 1.2, Kitcher accepts species concepts that require species to be individuals, and he accepts species concepts based on the structural similarities of organisms. The latter type of species are not spatiotemporally continuous entities. Such species merely need to contain organisms that share theoretically significant properties. Duprs version of species pluralism is more robust. He recognizes all of the species concepts found in Kitchers version of pluralism. Duprs pluralism also allows species concepts based on similarities highlighted by non biologists. For example, Dupr accepts species concepts based on gastronomically significant properties. If one thinks that the term species is a theoretical term found within evolutionary biology, then one might find Duprs version of pluralism too promiscuous. If the question is how the term species is defined in biology, then how it is defined outside of biology does not count. Think of a parallel situation in physics. When we are interested in the scientific meaning of the term work we do not attend to its meaning in the sentence How was work today Similarly, the use of the word species by culinary experts does not reveal the theoretical meaning of species. Kitchers pluralism is more circumspect it limits species concepts to those that are legitimized by theoretical biology. Still, one might worry that Kitchers form of pluralism is too liberal. Kitchers pluralism allows that some species are spatiotemporally continuous entities individuals, while other species may be spatiotemporally unrestricted entities natural kinds. As we saw in Section 2.1, Hulls evolutionary unit argument states that within the purview of evolutionary biology, species must be individuals. Kitchers pluralism does not satisfy this requirement. If one assumes that species is a theoretical term in evolutionary theory and that species are individuals, then Kitchers pluralism is too inclusive. Another version of species pluralism is found in Ereshefsky . This version of pluralism adopts Hulls conclusion that species must be spatiotemporally continuous lineages. Nevertheless, this version of pluralism asserts that there are different types of lineages called species. The Biological Species Concept and related concepts highlight those lineages bound by the process of interbreeding. The Phylogenetic Species Concepts highlight those lineages of organisms that share a common and unique ancestry. Ecological approaches to species focus on lineages of organisms that are exposed to common sets of stabilizing selection. According to this form of species pluralism, the tree of life is segmented by different processes into different types of species lineages. It is worth noting that the motivation behind Duprs, Kitchers and Ereshefskys versions of pluralism is ontological not epistemological. Some authors suggest that we adopt pluralism because of our epistemological limitations. The world is exceedingly complex and we have limited cognitive abilities, so we should accept a plurality of simplified and inaccurate classifications of the world. The versions of species pluralism offered by Dupr, Kitcher, and Ereshefsky are not epistemologically driven. Evolutionary theory, a well substantiated theory, tells us that the organic world is multifaceted. According to Dupr, Kitcher, and Ereshefsky, species pluralism is a result of a fecundity of biological forces rather than a paucity of scientific information.
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One dividing line in metaepistemology is broadly analogous to a familiar dividing line in metaethics, between roughly realist and antirealist positions. This section will discuss several prominent realist and antirealist positions in metaepistemology and, in some cases, we will note connections between these positions and their metaethical counterparts see also entry on metaethics. First, however, it will be useful to clarify how we are using these terms. It is contentious what, for a given subject matter , realism, visvis amounts to. One generally accepted idea is that an realist takes claims to be validated by the way things stand in the world . In the epistemic case of interest here, realism implies that attributions of, e.g., knowledge, justification, epistemic virtue and epistemic vice are validated by how things stand in the world. Compare here with the metaethical realist who takes attributions of rightness, goodness, moral virtue and vice to be so validated. Likewise, just as the metaethical antirealist denies that moral claims have this kind of status, the metaepistemological antirealist will deny the same visvis epistemic claims, in at least one of two ways either i by denying that there are any epistemic facts metaepistemological noncognitivists and errortheorists fall into this category of antirealism. Or, alternatively, metaepistemological antirealists might ii grant that there are epistemic facts while denying that the obtaining of these facts is independent of anyones beliefs, linguistic practices, conceptual schemes, and so on. Here we may locate metaepistemological idealism, constructivism, subjectivism, and relativism . In what follows, well look first at metaepistemological realism, and then at a few versions of metaepistemological antirealism.
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Najaf's Residents Feel Trapped in Battle AP AP For nearly three weeks, Amer alJamali hasn't been able to go to work. He cannot visit his father, find medication for his diabetic children or even sleep on his roof to escape the city's suffocating heat made worse by power outages.
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Update 4 Two Firms Cleared of Swapping Violations In a judicial blow to the entertainment industry, a federal appeals court ruled that makers of two leading filesharing programs are not legally liable for the songs, movies and other copyright works their users swap online.
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There are few trials assessing the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid. There is insufficient evidence to justify its routine use in cystic fibrosis.
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Although he acknowledges that he struggles to live as a philosopher, Marcus urges himself to that life, spelling out what it involves in Stoic terms you are no longer able to have lived your whole life as a philosopher since youth and it is clear to many others and to you yourself that you are far from philosophy. So you are confused the result is that obtaining the reputation of a philosopher is no longer easy for you If you have seen truly where the matter lies, then leave behind your reputation and be content even if you live the remainder of life, however long , as your nature wills. Consider what it wills, and let nothing else distract you. For your experience tells you how much you have strayed nowhere in socalled reasonings, wealth, reputation, enjoyment, nowhere do you find living well. So where is it In doing those things which human nature seeks. And how will one do these things If one has doctrines from which ones impulses and actions. Which doctrines Those concerning goods and evils that nothing is good for a human being which does not make them just, temperate, courageous, free that nothing is bad, which does not make them the contraries of the aforementioned. viii.1, emphasis mine In saying that living well lies in doing what his human nature seeks, Marcus is echoing generations of Stoic philosophers. Cleanthes says the goal telos is living in agreement with nature Chrysippus, living according to the experience of what happens by nature Diogenes, being reasonable in the selection and rejection of what is according to nature Archedemus, living completing all appropriate actions Antipater, living continually selecting what is according to nature and rejecting what is contrary to nature Arius Didymus 6a. These formulae indicate that the goal is to act in accordance with nature, and to be in a certain cognitive state in relation to ones acts according to nature in agreement, on the basis of experience, being reasonable, continually dieneks, i.e. consistently, stably, all of which imply understanding. But how is a Stoic to put this into practice What is it to do what ones human nature seeks, in the particular circumstances in which one finds oneself Surely it does not mean doing whatever is ones strongest desire to do in the moment. In the passage quoted, Marcus explains how one might do what is in ones nature by saying that one must modify ones beliefs about good and bad, as these inform ones impulses and actions. He says, for example, that if we believe that pleasure is good and pain evil, then we will be resentful of the pleasures enjoyed by the vicious and the pains suffered by the virtuous. And if we are resentful of what happens, we will be finding fault with Nature and will be impious ix.3. But while false beliefs about good and bad hinder us from following nature and acting virtuously, how can their removal by itself enable us to follow nature and act virtuously Once I know that pleasure and pain are neither good nor evil but are indifferent for my happiness, I still need to know how I should respond to this pleasure and that pain, in order to be following nature. The first century Stoic philosopher Seneca argues in his Letters to Lucilius for the usefulness of concrete advice for certain types of situations praecepta on the grounds that having eliminated vice and false opinion, one will not yet know what to do and how to do it 94.23, for inexperience, not only passion, prevents us from knowing what to do in each situation 94.32 Seneca also says that nature does not teach us what the appropriate action is in every case 94.19. Perhaps Marcus thinks that there is, in every choice situation, something one can do that is productive of virtue he says, nothing is good for a human being which does not make him just, temperate, courageous, free on the other hand, make may have the sense of constituting rather than producing, in which case the reference to the virtues in the passage isnt actionguiding at all. Alternatively, he may think that what produces virtue is not the content of ones action, but the thoughts that go along with it. But what thoughts are these Surely, if virtue is to have any content, thinking only virtue is good is not going to be sufficient.
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The father was agitated.
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I have never watched a movie in so little time. The only salvation was the fast forward function on the DVD unit. It was like watching a poorly produced CBC film. There was obviously no money for lighting, filming, sets, location, scriptwriters, editors, actors... Oh, there was absolutely no story either I need to write ten lines of comment... Bad, awful, horrible, wretched, anguishing, tortuous, bilious, nauseous, sickening, fromage, disgusting, flimsy, icky, yucky, pukey, stinky, smelly, vile, putrid, allthumbsdown, and I don't know if I can keep on going to complete all ten lines of just how bad this piece of crapomatic production was
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First and most importantly, DO NOT BUY THIS MOVIE.I was looking for a movie that was a twist on the standard old revenge type movie. I think that's what they were trying for but they got too caught up in the brutality.To be fair, the camera work and effects were well done. Most of the acting was well done. This was not just a splatter flick. I think that would not have been as bad. The point of a horror movie should be a sense of relief when you're done watching it. It should even shake you up a little.This movie seems to be designed to make you hate life and mankind.I made myself watch the whole thing so I could be sure I am judging it correctly. It is not well conceived. Just before I threw it out, I cut the disk in half and I have never done that with a movie before.If I have to dig up something good to say about it, it would be that it really does illustrate just how truly awful it is to be a woman in a world with people like that in it. However, you can get that same point a hundred other ways. It is not worth viewing this movie to try to get that.
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LG Preps Handheld Audio, Video Device Harddrive based multimedia player will be available later this year.
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Antibiotics confer relative benefits in the treatment of sore throat. However, the absolute benefits are modest. Protecting sore throat sufferers against suppurative and nonsuppurative complications in highincome countries requires treating many with antibiotics for one to benefit. This NNTB may be lower in lowincome countries. Antibiotics shorten the duration of symptoms by about 16 hours overall.
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The master source for the BluRAy is the same old crappy picture quality that's been put on the DVD for years..Maybe One Eyed Jacks will be honestly remastered properly someday. Amazon was nice enough to send a return label.
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F.A. Hayek was by training an economist, but he also nurtured an interest in the relation between legal structures and forms of national economy. Hayeks work on the Rule of Law proceeded in two phases 1 from his wartime book The Road to Serfdom through to The Constitution of Liberty and 2 the somewhat different account presented in his trilogy, Law, Legislation and Liberty , an account which is more congenial to the spirit of common law and hostile to the role of legislation. 1 Governance during wartime necessarily required total mobilization and management of all of the societys manpower and resources. Hayek warned in 1944 against the retention of anything like this mode of administration in peacetime. He made an eloquent argument that in normal times a society need not be managed but should be governedand its people largely left to their own deviceswithin a framework of general rules laid down in advance. These rules would operate impersonally to protect people from one another, not being aimed at any person or situation in particular and not being dependent for their operation on any expectation on the part of government as to what the particular effects of their application would be. But this lack of particular knowledge on the part of the government would be offset by the fact that rules would provide a framework of predictability for ordinary people and businesses. They would know that they would not be molested by the state, provided they operated within the parameters of the general and impersonal rules. Human freedom, on Hayeks account, did not preclude all state action but it does require that state action be calculable. 2 In the 1970s, Hayek began to rethink all this. The attention was still on the implications of Rule of Law for liberty. But now Hayek began to wonder whether the texts of clear general legislated rules would really provide an appropriate framework for freedom. It was, he said, a mistake to think that by confining the judge to the application of already articulated rules we will increase the predictability of his decisions. Articulated rules are often a very imperfect formulation of principles which people can better honour in action than express in words . He favored something more like a common law model of predictability, with principles and solutions emerging from a series of judicial decisions in an almost evolutionary way. The evolution of principles that distinguished themselves by their reasonableness was superior, Hayek thought, to the deliberate imposition of rules by a legislator. According to Hayek, the legislative mentality is inherently managerial it is oriented in the first instance to the organization of the states own administrative apparatus and its extension into the realm of public policy generally means an outward projection of that sort of managerial mentality with frightful consequences for liberty and markets.
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From personal talents From superior intellect
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Update 1 Philippine Shares Close Lower Philippine shares finished lower Wednesday on selling triggered by a clutch of negative financial news and the steep fall of bluechip Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. 39s American depositary receipts, traders said.
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The election...
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One appealing feature of Glaucons account of morality as a mutually advantageous convention is that it renders moralitys origin and nature nonmysterious. Moral facts, on this sort of view, emerge as no more puzzling than facts about what is legal or polite. In each case, the standing of some behavior as moral, or legal, or polite depends on its conforming to, or conflicting with, various standards that have been put in place. Glaucons account also makes clear why it is that people might care deeply about moralitys demands even as they are, in their own cases, tempted to violate them when they believe they can with impunity, since the relevant conventions are mutually advantageous. Yet conventionalist views such as Glaucons have real difficulties fitting with the common idea that the fundamental principles of morality are universal. Conventions, after all, are contingent creations that differ from place to place and come in to, and go out of, existence. Moreover, conventions seem liable to arbitrariness in ways that threaten to undermine their claim to authority unless they are recognized at least implicitly as satisfying some conventionindependent standard. That some convention demands something seems to provide reason to conform to the demand only when the convention is, itself, just or reasonable, or in some other way good. And this suggests that, to whatever extent specific moral rules and principles are products of convention, their claim to authority relies on some standards that are not products of convention. Needless to say, these considerations are not decisive, and those who see morality as a kind of convention have a variety of plausible ways to address the worries mentioned above. As a result, the view remains attractive. Still, manyeven many who think an appeal to convention is essential to making sense of moralitythink that the proper account of morality cannot be a matter of conventions all the way down. But that does not mean that they think that the standards that serve to justify the demands of some conventions are mysterious. Some, for instance, argue that what makes a convention good, and so serves to justify its demands, is its contribution to overall happiness, while others see the measure of conventions in their ability to advance the interests of each considered singly, and still others maintain that the value of conventions is found in their capacity to secure the approval of those who consider them impartially. On all such accounts, value is conventionindependent, but it is nonetheless metaphysically nonmysterious. Each of these accounts portrays value as, at bottom, a familiar, completely natural, feature of the world. Moreover, while on these accounts particular claims concerning value will prove hard to establish and controversial, there is no special puzzle about what we would be trying to discover or what would count as relevant evidence. These are all examples of naturalist accounts of morality that identify various moral properties with nonproblematic natural features of the world. As a result, they are commonly characterized as versions of naturalism and are contrasted with nonnaturalist views that see morality as presupposing, or being committed to, properties over and above those that would be countenanced by natural science. Nonnaturalism comes with two distinctive burdens i accounting for how the realm of moral properties fits in with familiar natural properties and ii explaining how it is that we are able to learn anything about these moral properties. Naturalism, in contrast, avoids these metaphysical and epistemological burdens. Despite its advantages, naturalism has difficulty capturing well what people take to be the true nature of morality. In saying something is good or right or virtuous we seem to be saying something more than, or at least different from, what we would be saying in describing it as having certain natural features. Correspondingly, no amount of empirical investigation seems by itself, without some moral assumptions in play, sufficient to settle a moral question. See the entries on moral realism moral nonnaturalism moral naturalism moral relativism and supervenience in ethics.
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Interpretationism shares with dispositionalism the emphasis on patterns of action and reaction, rather than internal representational structures, but retains the focus, abandoned by the liberal dispositionalist, on observable behaviorbehavior interpretable by an outside observer. Since behavior is widely assumed to be physical, interpretationism can thus more easily be seen as advancing the physicalist project. The two most prominent interpretationists have been Dennett and Davidson . To gain a sense of Dennetts view, consider three different methods we can use to predict the behavior of a human being. One method, which involves taking what Dennett calls the physical stance, is to apply our knowledge of physical law. We can predict that a diver will trace a roughly parabolic trajectory to the water because we know how objects of approximately that mass and size behave in fall near the surface of the Earth. A second method, which involves taking the design stance, is to attribute functions to the system or its parts and to predict that the system will function properly. We can predict that a joggers pulse will increase as she heads up the hill because of what we know about exercise and the proper function of the circulatory system. A third method, which involves taking the intentional stance, is to attribute beliefs and desires to the person, and then to predict that they will behave rationally, given those beliefs and desires. Much of our prediction of human behavior appears to involve such attribution . Certainly, treating people as mere physical bodies or as biological machines will not, as a practical matter, get us very far in predicting what is important to us. On Dennetts view, a system with beliefs is a system whose behavior, while complex and difficult to predict when viewed from the physical or the design stance, falls into patterns that may be captured with relative simplicity and substantial if not perfect accuracy by means of the intentional stance. The system has the particular belief that P if its behavior conforms to a pattern that may be effectively captured by taking the intentional stance and attributing the belief that P. For example, we can say that Heddy believes that a hurricane may be coming because attributing her that belief along with other related beliefs and desires helps reveal the pattern, invisible from the physical and design stances, behind her boarding up her windows, making certain phone calls, stocking up provisions, etc. All there is to having beliefs, according to Dennett, is embodying patterns of this sort. Dennett acknowledges that his view has the unintuitive consequence that a sufficiently sophisticated chessplaying machine would have beliefs if its behavior is very complicated from the design stance which would involve appeal to its programmed strategies but predictable with relative accuracy and simplicity from the intentional stance attributing the desire to defend its queen, the belief that you wont sacrifice a rook for a pawn, etc.. Davidson also characterizes belief in terms of practices of belief attribution. He invites us to imagine encountering a being with a wholly unfamiliar language and then attempting the task of constructing, from observation of the beings behavior in its environment, an understanding of that language . Success in this enterprise would necessarily involve attributing beliefs and desires to the being in question, in light of which its utterances make sense. An entity with beliefs is a being for whom such a project is practicable in principlea being that emits, or is disposed to emit, a complex pattern of behavior that can productively be interpreted as linguistic, rational, and expressive of beliefs and desires. Dennett and Davidson both endorse the indeterminacy of belief attributions In at least some cases, multiple incompatible interpretive schemes may be equally good, and thus there may be no fact of the matter which of those schemes is really the correct one, and thus whether the subject really believes P, if belief that P is attributed by one scheme but not by the other.
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Teleportation goes long distance Physicists teleport particles of light a distance of 600m across the River Danube in Austria, the journal Nature reports.
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Financial aid to bereaved family
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Pride must be replaced by its opposite humility. Pride, though, is not easy to conquer.
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Honestly before I watched this movie, I had heard many people said this movie was a disgrace. I did not believe that since Morgan Freeman and Kevin Spacey have taken roles in this movie, and watched it by my own. Apparently they were right. I was really disappointed and wondering all the time during the movie why the hell did I watch this movie.br br Of course I was not expecting much from Justin as he really does not belong in the movietheater business. But Morgan and Kevin I could not stop asking myself why the heck they agreed to take part in Edison. To be honest, their roles are rather stupid.br br Well you might think if the players suck, then I should pay more attention to the story. It is indeed story is the core of a movie, but guys... trust me... this is not a movie you want to give a credit for its story. Imagine this, a smartass journalist Justin Timberlake wrote a story against the system and at the same time learning how to become a 'real' journalist from his boss Morgan Freeman. This all was supported by one agent who still has heart for justice LL Cool J and an brilliant investigator Kevin Spacey. At the end, they beat the system with a happy ending story.br br Jeez, I could not even carry on with this. Just recalling the movie is making me sick already. My advise guys, don't watch this Please save your money and time for another movie.
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In order to help people make an informed decision about rulership, Jesus commissioned his disciples to preach the good news of the kingdom... in all the inhabited earth for a witness to all the nations before the end of the present system comes.
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Arguably, the most promising available defense of analogical reasoning may be found in its application to case law see Precedent and Analogy in Legal Reasoning. Judicial decisions are based on the verdicts and reasoning that have governed relevantly similar cases, according to the doctrine of stare decisis . Individual decisions by a court are binding on that court and lower courts judges are obligated to decide future cases in the same way. That is, the reasoning applied in an individual decision, referred to as the ratio decidendi, must be applied to similar future cases see Example 10. In practice, of course, the situation is extremely complex. No two cases are identical. The ratio must be understood in the context of the facts of the original case, and there is considerable room for debate about its generality and its applicability to future cases. If a consensus emerges that a past case was wrongly decided, later judgments will distinguish it from new cases, effectively restricting the scope of the ratio to the original case. The practice of following precedent can be justified by two main practical considerations. First, and above all, the practice is conservative it provides a relatively stable basis for replicable decisions. People need to be able to predict the actions of the courts and formulate plans accordingly. Stare decisis serves as a check against arbitrary judicial decisions. Second, the practice is still reasonably progressive it allows for the gradual evolution of the law. Careful judges distinguish bad decisions new values and a new consensus can emerge in a series of decisions over time. In theory, then, stare decisis strikes a healthy balance between conservative and progressive social values. This justification is pragmatic. It presupposes a common set of social values, and links the use of analogical reasoning to optimal promotion of those values. Notice also that justification occurs at the level of the practice in general individual analogical arguments sometimes go astray. A full examination of the nature and foundations for stare decisis is beyond the scope of this entry, but it is worth asking the question might it be possible to generalize the justification for stare decisis Is a parallel pragmatic justification available for analogical arguments in general Bartha offers a preliminary attempt to provide such a justification by shifting from social values to epistemic values. The general idea is that reasoning by analogy is especially well suited to the attainment of a common set of epistemic goals or values. In simple terms, analogical reasoningwhen it conforms to certain criteriaachieves an excellent perhaps optimal balance between the competing demands of stability and innovation. It supports both conservative epistemic values, such as simplicity and coherence with existing belief, and progressive epistemic values, such as fruitfulness and theoretical unification provides a classic list.
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Fox's The True Story Of Jesse James 1957 is a remarkably poor widescreen remake of their prestigious 1939 Tyrone PowerHenry Fonda classic Jesse James. I'm not sure where the fault lies but the casting in this version of the two central characters, the uneven direction of Nicholas Ray and the hamfisted screenplay must surely have something to do with it.br br In the late thirties and forties Tyrone Power was Fox's top leading man but in the fifties his star began to wane and studio head Darryl Zanuck started to groom newcomer Robert Wagner to take his place. This was a major error on Zanuck's part as Wagner proved to be a less than a suitable replacement. With the possible exceptions of Broken Lance 1954 and Between Heaven Hell 1956 it is hard to think of Wagner distinguishing himself in anything Also, Jeffrey Hunter was nothing more than a Fox contract player before being assigned to play Frank James to Wagner's Jesse in The True Story Of Jesse James. Borrowed from the studio the previous year this actor's one distinguishing mark was his excellent and revealing performance in John Ford's classic The Searchers. But his playing here, along with Wagner as the second half of the James Brothers, is nothing short of boring. Neither player bring any personality or colour to their respective roles. They totally miss the mark, lacking the charisma and appeal so vividly displayed by Power and Fonda in the original. The movie is also marred by too many flashbacks and with the all over the place screenplay Wagner, as the Robin Hood of the American west, comes across as a charmless introverted twit that you can feel no empathy for whatsoever. The supporting cast are hardly worth mentioning but it is a shame to see such a great actress as Agnes Moorhead barely getting a look in as Ma James.br br The best aspects of this uninvolving soso western is the wonderful CinemascopeColour cinematography by the great Joe McDonald and the excellent music score by the underrated and little known composer Leigh Harline
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The most notable ancient regress argument that is associated with Bradleys is found in Platos Parmenides 132ab. Therein Plato presents an argument that has come to be knows as the Third Man Argument TMA, which challenges an explanation of similarity between distinct particulars that appeals to forms. Following Vlastos , the regress can be reconstructed as exhibiting the following structure It is commonly assumed that at least three theses underlie this argument. The first one is the one over many which states that many things having L in common must be explained by the existence of the form L that all of them participate in. The second premise is implicit and it has been called the premise of nonself explanation it simply assumes, that in explaining what a, b, c and L have in common one cannot appeal to the L itself, but needs to appeal to a different form of largeness, L1. The third premise which is implied in this argument is the selfpartaking premise it assumes that the form L is itself L, i.e., that the form of largeness is itself large. It has been debated at great length amongst the Plato scholars whether the Third Man Argument is to be understood as a metaphysical or as an epistemic argument, an argument about the postulated entities or an argument about what is involved in our knowledge of them. For an entry point on literature concerning the Third Man Argument, as well as the dialogue more broadly see SEPs entry Platos Parmenides. Similarly, there has been much disagreement about which of the theses that underlie the TMA Plato was willing to give up in order to avoid the regress. To a modern reader the selfpartaking premise seems like an obvious candidate, since it is quite odd to think that the form of largeness is itself large, the form of smallness itself small, etc. Platos TMA featured prominently in Aristotles Peri Ideon, and was later picked up and discussed by medieval philosophers. For instance, Boethius in his Second Commentary on Porphyrys Isagoge discusses a peculiar infinite regress that could be seen to echo TMA, though it is described as an infinite series of genus ascriptions. for an English translation of the text. Henninger has individuated arguments by certain orthodox Muslim theologians, the Mutakallimun, that seem to resemble closely Bradleys regress. Apparently they believed relations to be purely subjective, and argued that positing relations as mindindependent entities would lead to an infinite regress. According to Henninger , a version of this argument can also be found in Harclay, Ockham, and Aureoli. Perhaps the closest precursor of Bradleys regress arguments is to be found in Leibniz. Mugnai has drawn attention to and translated the following passage from a text dated December 1676 written during Leibnizs stay in Paris Suppose, for example, that there is a relation between a and b, and call it c then, consider a new relation between a and c call it d, and so forth to the infinite. It seems that we do not have to say that all these relations are a kind of true and real ideas. Perhaps they are only mere intelligible things, which may be produced, i.e., that are or will be produced. As we will see shortly, this passage very closely resembles the first of the three regresses discussed by Bradley .
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With my wife being asian, I thought that she would be more forgivable for me making a bad choice for an asian film to watch after work today. But, I had to apologize to my wife for asking her to watch this film with me, instead of letting her want to go outside and wash her car.This movie was so slow and just didn't seem to go anywhere. After the movie, I clicked on the bonus features section. I wanted to see if the film maker offered any kind of verbal or printed apology for making us sit through this terrible movie.Not only did I have to waste nearly two hours of my precious time watching this lame movie, now I owe it to my wife that I'll have to wash her car for her, which will be my way of apologizing to her for wasting her time watching this lousy film with me.Boy, what a big disappointment
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A Big Perk for 84 Lumber Golfers AP AP David Toms was going through his PGA Tour schedule for the remainder of the year when he mentioned the 84 Lumber Classic, which is squeezed between the Ryder Cup and a World Golf Championship in Ireland.
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fulci experiments with sci fi and fails. usually in his non horror films we still get sum great gore, but not here. Sum very funny scenes like when the prisinors are forced to hold onto a bar for 12 minutes and if they drop they are electecuted. the guy falls and and has some kind of fit on the floor for about two minutes until his friends who were struggling to hold on anyway lift him off the floor. The city is an obvious model but not a bad one. and the end explosion is at best laughable. And dont get me started on the terrible battle scenes.br br 410
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Sadr's aides urge militants to free kidnapped journalist BAGHDAD Top aides to firebrand Shi'ite cleric Moqtada alSadr called on kidnappers yesterday to free a Western journalist they are threatening to kill unless US forces withdraw from the holy city of Najaf.
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Khartoum agrees to bigger peace force The Sudanese government bowed to international pressure yesterday and agreed to allow more foreign troops in the stricken Darfur region.
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Available evidence from RCTs shows that routine shortterm cysteine chloride supplementation of cysteinefree PN in preterm infants improves nitrogen balance. However, there is insufficient evidence to assess the risks of cysteine supplementation, especially regarding metabolic acidosis, which has been reported during the first two weeks of cysteine chloride administration. Available evidence from a large RCT trial does not support routine Nacetylcysteine supplementation of cysteinecontaining PN in extremely low birth weight infants.
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Questions about dreaming in different areas of philosophy such as epistemology, ontology, philosophy of mind and cognitive science, and ethics are closely intertwined. Scientific evidence from sleep and dream research can meaningfully inform the philosophical discussion and has often done so in the past. The discussion of dreaming has also often functioned as a lens on broader questions about knowledge, morality, consciousness, and self. Long a marginalized area, the philosophy of dreaming and of sleep is central to important philosophical questions and increasingly plays an important role in interdisciplinary consciousness research, for example in the search for the neural correlates of conscious states, in conscious state taxonomies, and in research on the minimal conditions for phenomenal selfhood and conscious experience.
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Extreme microchips take the heat Japanese scientists say they have tackled one of the last frontiers of semiconductor technology, environments where electronic devices have to run at high power, in fierce heat or at lethal doses of radiation.
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Tight security arrangements were in place for the prime minister's visit.
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Under traditional perioperative treatment, lapararoscopic colonic resections show clinically relevant advantages in selected patients. If the longterm oncological results of laparoscopic and conventional resection of colonic carcinoma show equivalent results, the laparoscopic approach should be preferred in patients suitable for this approach to colectomy.
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Just because you can do something doesn't mean you should. Horrible script, beyond predictable, a major waste of money. And I'm not just talking about the money paid to see itI'm talking about the money put into it.I enjoy action movies and hero movies, super or otherwise. This could have been and should have been cool. But Seth Rogen shouldn't have had any part in it. Instead of taking the action movie and putting a twist on it, he should have stepped aside. It did not work.I saw an interview with Rogen where he said that he got stoned before he wrote scripts. Dude, that is so obvious. This movie was an utter waste of talent even the Oscarwinning Christoph Waltz wasn't any good, special effects and a cool car.
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McDonald 39s tests MasterCard PayPass NEW YORK CNNMoney McDonald 39s Corp. announced Wednesday it would launch later this year a new quotcontactless quot payment option called MasterCard PayPass, which lets customers simply wave or tap the card to complete a quick transaction.
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So we have come a long way.
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Prairie Dog Won't Be on Endangered List AP AP The blacktailed prairie dog has been dropped from a list of candidates for the federal endangered species list because scientists have concluded the rodents are no longer threatened.
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Consider the expressions of a few Christians who have a close relationship with God.
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If the 10 minute preview is any indication as to how bad this movie is, then I'm glad that I didn't waste me money. i was going to rent it, but the preview saved me time and money.
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The two most significant contributors to Darjeeling's economy are tourism and the tea industry.
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The bank also launched the services for NRIs.
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I skipped this in theaters because of all the negative feedback it got. Just watched it and wow.. this movie is indeed AWFUL. Horrible acing, weak plot, bad special effects, the list goes on and on. AVOID
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Embedded WiFi Market Undergoing Major Shift SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. One of the hottest technology markets, Wireless LAN WLAN, or WiFi, is undergoing a fundamental shift, according to InStatMDR httpwww.
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According to the results of this review, there is some evidence that relaxation during pregnancy reduces stress and anxiety. However, there was no effect on PTLPTB. These results should be interpreted with caution as they were drawn from included studies with limited quality.
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