DebateLabKIT/deepa2-corpus · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 0 1.71k
does that mean that God must exist in reality (#4)? What was Pascal ’ s
Wager (#5)? Is it rational to have religious belief without suffi cient evidence
(#6)? Does the existence of evil in the world disprove the existence of God
(#7)? What if God permits evil so that humans have the greater good of
free will (#8)? Does free will entail the power to sin (#9)? Is it justifi able
to believe in a miracle on the basis of empirical evidence (#10)? Is what is
holy holy because the gods approve it, or do they approve it because it
is holy (#11)? What did Nietzsche mean when he said “ God is dead ” and
where does this leave truth (#12)? What is Ockham ’ s Razor (#13)?
Metaphysics
Is change real (#14)? If change is not real, then is time real (#15)? Are only
things that are perceived real (#16)? How did Kant argue against this kind
of idealism and skepticism (#17)? What is the relationship between necessity
and possibility in terms of the past, present, and future (#18)? If things
4 Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone
could have been different in the past, does that mean that there are different
possible worlds (#19)? What are “ persons ” and what makes a person
maintain her numerical identity over time (#20)? Is there a decisive factor
– for example, body mass, brain mass, or memories – for personal identity
(#21)? In what way do things both persist over time and change (#22, 23)?
Do humans have nonbodily immaterial parts called souls (#24)? Is it irrational
to fear death (#25)? How do we know things if they are in constant
fl ux (#26)? How did Aristotle argue against Plato ’ s Forms (#27)? Is the
same logical theory to be applied in all domains, or do different domains
require different logics (#28)? Can there be a totality of true propositions
without running into paradoxes (#29)? What is the connection between free
will and moral responsibility (#30)? Do I have free will only if I had the
option to do otherwise (#31)? Are free will and determinism compatible
(#32)? If everything is either going to happen or not, isn ’ t fatalism tenable
(#33)? How does Sartre ’ s existentialism – “ Man is condemned to be free ”
– enter into the conversation (#34)?
Epistemology
How do I know that I exist (#35)? Am I certain that I am not dreaming
(#36)? Am I directly conscious of features of sensations or experiences
(#37)? Does every belief need to be justifi ed by other beliefs and will that
lead to an infi nite regress (#38)? Isn ’ t there a commonsense response to
skepticism (#39)? If there can be no justifi ed procedure for normatively
distinguishing among competing epistemic views, then are all accounts are
epistemically equal (#40)? How does the traditional account of knowledge
being a true justifi ed belief fail (#41)? Is something true solely because
people agree that it is true (#42)? Is it possible to differentiate knowledge
or experience between a conceptual component and an empirical component
(#43)? Is there a sharp division between analytic truths and synthetic
truths (#44)? Is there a rational justifi cation for inductive inferences and
the foundation of modern science (#45)? If things are similar in certain
observable or identifi ed cases, are they are also similar in some other unobservable
or unidentifi ed cases (#46)? Should philosophy look to science to
explain and justify our knowledge of the world (#47)? Are some cognitive
states in direct contact with reality and form a fi rm foundation that supports
the rest of our knowledge (#48, #49)? Are there limitations to what reasoning
can accomplish (#50)?
Ethics
Does the just life bring happiness (#51)? Is the happy life one in accord with
reason (#52)? Is the Good one thing or many (#53)? What is the best posIntroduction:
Show Me the Arguments 5
sible life that a person can lead (#54)? Did Kant have an argument for the
categorical imperative (#55)? And why did he think that autonomy deserves
respect (#56)? Should the Good be conceived of in terms of utility (#57)?
Are humans just hedonists, who champion pleasure over everything else
(#58)? Is all morality relative or are there objective principles across cultures
(#59)? Can the good be defi ned (#60)? Should we accept the authority of
the state (#61)? Is taxation forced labor (#62)? Do we have a moral duty to
give to charity (#63)? Would it be better if, in the future, a greater rather
than lesser number of people lived (#64)? Is a great loss to one person justifi
ed by smaller benefi ts to a great many others (#65)? Is it better to bring
everyone down to the same level than to accept an inequality (#66)? Does
justice demand preserving a patterned distribution of property (#67)?
What are the central arguments of liberal feminism (#68)? What is the
moral status of marginal cases; that is, when is there not a clearly drawn
line between human and nonhuman animals (#69)? What is the most robust
argument in favor of vegetarianism (#70)? What does a famous violin player
have to do with the most discussed argument in the abortion debate (#71)?
Is abortion immoral due to the loss of future experiences, activities, projects,
and enjoyments (#72)? Does something need to be able to desire or conceive
of something in order to have the right to something; for example, life
(#73)? Is there an ethical difference between active and passive euthanasia
(#74)?
Philosophy of Mind
Is the mind a blank slate or are there innate ideas (#75)? What is Cartesian
dualism and is the mind distinct from the body (#76)? What is the mind –
body problem (#77)? What is property dualism and how is it different than
substance dualism (#78)? Are mental events identical with physical events
(#79, #80)? Is every mental property realized in exactly one physical way
(#81)? How does the nonphysical mind move the physical body (#82)? Do
I have privileged access to my mental states and can I know the mental
states of others (#83)? Does physicalism capture all the essential facts of
experience (#84, #85)? If a zombie world is metaphysically possible, how
would that critique physicalism (#86)? Does the sensation of color reveal
intrinsic features about color (#87)? If a computer had the right programs,
would it have a mind; in other words, is true artifi cial intelligence possible
(#88)?
Science and Language
How do we discern science from pseudo - science (#89)? Do scientifi c paradigms
build from previous ones; that is, are they commensurable (#90)? Is
6 Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone
the shift from one paradigm to another a rational process (#90)? Is scientifi c
realism the only way that makes progress in science and technology not
miraculous (#91)? How did Galileo know that all objects fall at the same
rate of speed regardless of their respective weights without experimenting
(#92)? If a theory is fallible, should it be eliminated (#93)?

does that mean that God must exist in reality (#4)? What was Pascal ’ s

Wager (#5)? Is it rational to have religious belief without suffi cient evidence

(#6)? Does the existence of evil in the world disprove the existence of God

(#7)? What if God permits evil so that humans have the greater good of

free will (#8)? Does free will entail the power to sin (#9)? Is it justifi able

to believe in a miracle on the basis of empirical evidence (#10)? Is what is

holy holy because the gods approve it, or do they approve it because it

is holy (#11)? What did Nietzsche mean when he said “ God is dead ” and

where does this leave truth (#12)? What is Ockham ’ s Razor (#13)?

Metaphysics

Is change real (#14)? If change is not real, then is time real (#15)? Are only

things that are perceived real (#16)? How did Kant argue against this kind

of idealism and skepticism (#17)? What is the relationship between necessity

and possibility in terms of the past, present, and future (#18)? If things

4 Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone

could have been different in the past, does that mean that there are different

possible worlds (#19)? What are “ persons ” and what makes a person

maintain her numerical identity over time (#20)? Is there a decisive factor

– for example, body mass, brain mass, or memories – for personal identity

(#21)? In what way do things both persist over time and change (#22, 23)?

Do humans have nonbodily immaterial parts called souls (#24)? Is it irrational

to fear death (#25)? How do we know things if they are in constant

fl ux (#26)? How did Aristotle argue against Plato ’ s Forms (#27)? Is the

same logical theory to be applied in all domains, or do different domains

require different logics (#28)? Can there be a totality of true propositions

without running into paradoxes (#29)? What is the connection between free

will and moral responsibility (#30)? Do I have free will only if I had the

option to do otherwise (#31)? Are free will and determinism compatible

(#32)? If everything is either going to happen or not, isn ’ t fatalism tenable

(#33)? How does Sartre ’ s existentialism – “ Man is condemned to be free ”

– enter into the conversation (#34)?

Epistemology

How do I know that I exist (#35)? Am I certain that I am not dreaming

(#36)? Am I directly conscious of features of sensations or experiences

(#37)? Does every belief need to be justifi ed by other beliefs and will that

lead to an infi nite regress (#38)? Isn ’ t there a commonsense response to

skepticism (#39)? If there can be no justifi ed procedure for normatively

distinguishing among competing epistemic views, then are all accounts are

epistemically equal (#40)? How does the traditional account of knowledge

being a true justifi ed belief fail (#41)? Is something true solely because

people agree that it is true (#42)? Is it possible to differentiate knowledge

or experience between a conceptual component and an empirical component

(#43)? Is there a sharp division between analytic truths and synthetic

truths (#44)? Is there a rational justifi cation for inductive inferences and

the foundation of modern science (#45)? If things are similar in certain

observable or identifi ed cases, are they are also similar in some other unobservable

or unidentifi ed cases (#46)? Should philosophy look to science to

explain and justify our knowledge of the world (#47)? Are some cognitive

states in direct contact with reality and form a fi rm foundation that supports

the rest of our knowledge (#48, #49)? Are there limitations to what reasoning

can accomplish (#50)?

Ethics

Does the just life bring happiness (#51)? Is the happy life one in accord with

reason (#52)? Is the Good one thing or many (#53)? What is the best posIntroduction:

Show Me the Arguments 5

sible life that a person can lead (#54)? Did Kant have an argument for the

categorical imperative (#55)? And why did he think that autonomy deserves

respect (#56)? Should the Good be conceived of in terms of utility (#57)?

Are humans just hedonists, who champion pleasure over everything else

(#58)? Is all morality relative or are there objective principles across cultures

(#59)? Can the good be defi ned (#60)? Should we accept the authority of

the state (#61)? Is taxation forced labor (#62)? Do we have a moral duty to

give to charity (#63)? Would it be better if, in the future, a greater rather

than lesser number of people lived (#64)? Is a great loss to one person justifi

ed by smaller benefi ts to a great many others (#65)? Is it better to bring

everyone down to the same level than to accept an inequality (#66)? Does

justice demand preserving a patterned distribution of property (#67)?

What are the central arguments of liberal feminism (#68)? What is the

moral status of marginal cases; that is, when is there not a clearly drawn

line between human and nonhuman animals (#69)? What is the most robust

argument in favor of vegetarianism (#70)? What does a famous violin player

have to do with the most discussed argument in the abortion debate (#71)?

Is abortion immoral due to the loss of future experiences, activities, projects,

and enjoyments (#72)? Does something need to be able to desire or conceive

of something in order to have the right to something; for example, life

(#73)? Is there an ethical difference between active and passive euthanasia

(#74)?

Philosophy of Mind

Is the mind a blank slate or are there innate ideas (#75)? What is Cartesian

dualism and is the mind distinct from the body (#76)? What is the mind –

body problem (#77)? What is property dualism and how is it different than

substance dualism (#78)? Are mental events identical with physical events

(#79, #80)? Is every mental property realized in exactly one physical way

(#81)? How does the nonphysical mind move the physical body (#82)? Do

I have privileged access to my mental states and can I know the mental

states of others (#83)? Does physicalism capture all the essential facts of

experience (#84, #85)? If a zombie world is metaphysically possible, how

would that critique physicalism (#86)? Does the sensation of color reveal

intrinsic features about color (#87)? If a computer had the right programs,

would it have a mind; in other words, is true artifi cial intelligence possible

(#88)?

Science and Language

How do we discern science from pseudo - science (#89)? Do scientifi c paradigms

build from previous ones; that is, are they commensurable (#90)? Is

6 Michael Bruce and Steven Barbone

the shift from one paradigm to another a rational process (#90)? Is scientifi c

realism the only way that makes progress in science and technology not

miraculous (#91)? How did Galileo know that all objects fall at the same

rate of speed regardless of their respective weights without experimenting

(#92)? If a theory is fallible, should it be eliminated (#93)?