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So, great place to put a ship? Actually, what they call this area is the Graveyard of the Atlantic. So, I'm hearing not so much. Right, so this is an area where there are a lot of shoals, lots of ships run aground there. If you ever go to one of the museums on the Outer Banks, you can see this incredibly long listing of all of the ships that sank off the coast of North Carolina. It is a very difficult place to sail. What year is it when we first see, when we see the first colonization attempt at Roanoke, the first expedition? | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
Right, so this is an area where there are a lot of shoals, lots of ships run aground there. If you ever go to one of the museums on the Outer Banks, you can see this incredibly long listing of all of the ships that sank off the coast of North Carolina. It is a very difficult place to sail. What year is it when we first see, when we see the first colonization attempt at Roanoke, the first expedition? Right, this all starts in the late 1570s with a man named Humphrey Gilbert and Gilbert is convinced. Is this him? This is actually Sir Walter Raleigh. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
What year is it when we first see, when we see the first colonization attempt at Roanoke, the first expedition? Right, this all starts in the late 1570s with a man named Humphrey Gilbert and Gilbert is convinced. Is this him? This is actually Sir Walter Raleigh. Oh, he is cute. Yes, Gilbert's half-brother as it turns out. But, so Sir Walter Raleigh's half-brother, Humphrey Gilbert, thinks that it might be possible to make your way to the Indies and fabulous riches. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
This is actually Sir Walter Raleigh. Oh, he is cute. Yes, Gilbert's half-brother as it turns out. But, so Sir Walter Raleigh's half-brother, Humphrey Gilbert, thinks that it might be possible to make your way to the Indies and fabulous riches. Make that line a little bit bigger. By going on top of North America. So he thinks there's a waterway here. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
But, so Sir Walter Raleigh's half-brother, Humphrey Gilbert, thinks that it might be possible to make your way to the Indies and fabulous riches. Make that line a little bit bigger. By going on top of North America. So he thinks there's a waterway here. So he convinces Queen Elizabeth, then on the throne of England, to give him a charter to try to plant a colony somewhere on this side of North America. So they're looking for the Northwest Passage is what they're looking for. They're looking for the Northwest Passage. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So he thinks there's a waterway here. So he convinces Queen Elizabeth, then on the throne of England, to give him a charter to try to plant a colony somewhere on this side of North America. So they're looking for the Northwest Passage is what they're looking for. They're looking for the Northwest Passage. They're hoping that they can find gold and what they want to do more than anything else is just mess up Spain's chances in the New World. Because Spain, starting with Christopher Columbus, has been the leading Old World power in the New World. They're just trucking back the gold and silver. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
They're looking for the Northwest Passage. They're hoping that they can find gold and what they want to do more than anything else is just mess up Spain's chances in the New World. Because Spain, starting with Christopher Columbus, has been the leading Old World power in the New World. They're just trucking back the gold and silver. And most of what England has done up until this point is find Spanish ships that are coming back from Mexico, from the West Indies, and put what are called privateers, which is a nice word that the English use to mean pirate, to steal things. State-sanctioned piracy. State-sanctioned piracy. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
They're just trucking back the gold and silver. And most of what England has done up until this point is find Spanish ships that are coming back from Mexico, from the West Indies, and put what are called privateers, which is a nice word that the English use to mean pirate, to steal things. State-sanctioned piracy. State-sanctioned piracy. So like Shakespeare is like a young man at this time, right? Yes. Like that is the period of Elizabethan England that we're looking at right now. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
State-sanctioned piracy. So like Shakespeare is like a young man at this time, right? Yes. Like that is the period of Elizabethan England that we're looking at right now. Yeah, it's kind of in some ways a golden age, but when you think about how well the English are doing when it comes to colonization, it is not a golden age. They are way behind. So they're hoping maybe they can find a Northwest Passage to get all of the goodies over here in India and the Spice Islands. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
Like that is the period of Elizabethan England that we're looking at right now. Yeah, it's kind of in some ways a golden age, but when you think about how well the English are doing when it comes to colonization, it is not a golden age. They are way behind. So they're hoping maybe they can find a Northwest Passage to get all of the goodies over here in India and the Spice Islands. They're hoping that maybe they could find some good minerals in this area, get some gold of their own, but at the very least, they'd like a nice port from which their ships could go out and steal more stuff from Spanish ships. Sure. Yeah, this is their plan. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So they're hoping maybe they can find a Northwest Passage to get all of the goodies over here in India and the Spice Islands. They're hoping that maybe they could find some good minerals in this area, get some gold of their own, but at the very least, they'd like a nice port from which their ships could go out and steal more stuff from Spanish ships. Sure. Yeah, this is their plan. So this is kind of, if you'll permit me, this feels analogous to the space race during the Cold War. Yeah, absolutely. So Spain is this economic superpower that seems to have a leg up on England, just like how the Soviet Union launched Sputnik first, got a satellite into orbit above Earth, and that spurred the United States to be like, no, we're gonna have a moonshot. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
Yeah, this is their plan. So this is kind of, if you'll permit me, this feels analogous to the space race during the Cold War. Yeah, absolutely. So Spain is this economic superpower that seems to have a leg up on England, just like how the Soviet Union launched Sputnik first, got a satellite into orbit above Earth, and that spurred the United States to be like, no, we're gonna have a moonshot. Yeah, and it kind of turns out the same way in some aspects because as we know, we're sitting here in California, we're speaking English, because eventually, England is going to win its way to dominance in this entire region, but originally, Spain gets off to the fastest start, and England is just desperate to catch up. So unfortunately, Sir Humphrey Gilbert dies. He is lost at sea. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So Spain is this economic superpower that seems to have a leg up on England, just like how the Soviet Union launched Sputnik first, got a satellite into orbit above Earth, and that spurred the United States to be like, no, we're gonna have a moonshot. Yeah, and it kind of turns out the same way in some aspects because as we know, we're sitting here in California, we're speaking English, because eventually, England is going to win its way to dominance in this entire region, but originally, Spain gets off to the fastest start, and England is just desperate to catch up. So unfortunately, Sir Humphrey Gilbert dies. He is lost at sea. So not this guy here. Right. But the Queen Elizabeth. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
He is lost at sea. So not this guy here. Right. But the Queen Elizabeth. Then his half-brother, Sir Walter Raleigh, which he spelled with no I, so we'll do that, but today, the city that's named after him, we still spell with an I. He picked up his half-brother's contract, which said he had to get a colony in the New World within six years of 1578. So he is under the gun to try to get something happening on the coast of North America by 1584 at the latest. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
But the Queen Elizabeth. Then his half-brother, Sir Walter Raleigh, which he spelled with no I, so we'll do that, but today, the city that's named after him, we still spell with an I. He picked up his half-brother's contract, which said he had to get a colony in the New World within six years of 1578. So he is under the gun to try to get something happening on the coast of North America by 1584 at the latest. So he picks up his friends and decides to put together what I kind of term as like the Oceans 11 of the actual ocean. Okay. So he finds some ship captains and soldiers. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So he is under the gun to try to get something happening on the coast of North America by 1584 at the latest. So he picks up his friends and decides to put together what I kind of term as like the Oceans 11 of the actual ocean. Okay. So he finds some ship captains and soldiers. A demolitions expert, a contortionist, a con man. Similar. This is like the 1500s version of this. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So he finds some ship captains and soldiers. A demolitions expert, a contortionist, a con man. Similar. This is like the 1500s version of this. He gets an artist who we'll talk a lot more about. That's John White? That's John White. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
This is like the 1500s version of this. He gets an artist who we'll talk a lot more about. That's John White? That's John White. He gets cartographers. He gets what he considers his A-team to go out and explore this coast, pick up where his half-brother left off. The only problem was that Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth were sweethearts. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
That's John White. He gets cartographers. He gets what he considers his A-team to go out and explore this coast, pick up where his half-brother left off. The only problem was that Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth were sweethearts. And she forbid him from going on this dangerous journey. After all, his brother had also died on this journey. So she loved him too much, said, you can't go. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
The only problem was that Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth were sweethearts. And she forbid him from going on this dangerous journey. After all, his brother had also died on this journey. So she loved him too much, said, you can't go. But his friends went. So this is their first journey. And they go to North Carolina. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So she loved him too much, said, you can't go. But his friends went. So this is their first journey. And they go to North Carolina. They called it Virginia, because this whole area they named after Queen Elizabeth. The Virgin Queen. The Virgin Queen. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
And they go to North Carolina. They called it Virginia, because this whole area they named after Queen Elizabeth. The Virgin Queen. The Virgin Queen. And a lot of the things in this time period are kind of named after her, because all of these fellows were trying to capture her heart. So they go, and what's really interesting about this is that John White, this artist, shows us so much about what this area was like. And I wanna show you some of the paintings that he made in this time period. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
The Virgin Queen. And a lot of the things in this time period are kind of named after her, because all of these fellows were trying to capture her heart. So they go, and what's really interesting about this is that John White, this artist, shows us so much about what this area was like. And I wanna show you some of the paintings that he made in this time period. So who were the native people that this expedition encountered? So they end up on the barrier islands of North Carolina. And this is where the colonists will eventually settle here, Roanoke Island. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
And I wanna show you some of the paintings that he made in this time period. So who were the native people that this expedition encountered? So they end up on the barrier islands of North Carolina. And this is where the colonists will eventually settle here, Roanoke Island. The major Native American groups in this area were Algonquian speaking. So they are kind of in the middle of what we call the East Coast today. So this is a tidewater people. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
And this is where the colonists will eventually settle here, Roanoke Island. The major Native American groups in this area were Algonquian speaking. So they are kind of in the middle of what we call the East Coast today. So this is a tidewater people. They're a tidewater people. You can see that they live in longhouses like other Algonquian peoples. And these are primarily the Secatan people and the Croatoan people. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So this is a tidewater people. They're a tidewater people. You can see that they live in longhouses like other Algonquian peoples. And these are primarily the Secatan people and the Croatoan people. Initially, the English people get along with them pretty well. They exchange skins and food, lots of things. The English come back thinking, this is a pretty good deal. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
And these are primarily the Secatan people and the Croatoan people. Initially, the English people get along with them pretty well. They exchange skins and food, lots of things. The English come back thinking, this is a pretty good deal. So John White and company, John White and Sir Walter Raleigh's 11, or however many, return to England. Right, and they say, this is a great place for us to settle. So then they send a second expedition from England, this time with just soldiers. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
The English come back thinking, this is a pretty good deal. So John White and company, John White and Sir Walter Raleigh's 11, or however many, return to England. Right, and they say, this is a great place for us to settle. So then they send a second expedition from England, this time with just soldiers. It's very similar to how Jamestown is going to work out a little bit later, which is to say they send sailors, they send soldiers, and they send people who might, for example, be good at finding gold, so artisans. And they're hoping to kind of get rich quick. They think maybe there are mountains nearby that might have gold or gems in them. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So then they send a second expedition from England, this time with just soldiers. It's very similar to how Jamestown is going to work out a little bit later, which is to say they send sailors, they send soldiers, and they send people who might, for example, be good at finding gold, so artisans. And they're hoping to kind of get rich quick. They think maybe there are mountains nearby that might have gold or gems in them. Or perhaps they're always asking the native people, do you have anything shiny? Have you heard of anything that's shiny nearby? Because they wanna make their investors back in England happy by making a big profit. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
They think maybe there are mountains nearby that might have gold or gems in them. Or perhaps they're always asking the native people, do you have anything shiny? Have you heard of anything that's shiny nearby? Because they wanna make their investors back in England happy by making a big profit. So this is like halfway between a forward operating base and a trading post. Exactly. So they're not thinking about long-term settlement. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
Because they wanna make their investors back in England happy by making a big profit. So this is like halfway between a forward operating base and a trading post. Exactly. So they're not thinking about long-term settlement. But they're left there over the winter with the Secatan people. And this is just a bunch of rowdy soldiers who thought they were gonna get rich quick, and they don't, because there's no gold in North Carolina, not like there is in the south that the Spanish do so well with. And they quickly come to grief with Native Americans. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So they're not thinking about long-term settlement. But they're left there over the winter with the Secatan people. And this is just a bunch of rowdy soldiers who thought they were gonna get rich quick, and they don't, because there's no gold in North Carolina, not like there is in the south that the Spanish do so well with. And they quickly come to grief with Native Americans. They steal a lot of their food. Who steals whose food? So the English steal the food of the Secatans. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
And they quickly come to grief with Native Americans. They steal a lot of their food. Who steals whose food? So the English steal the food of the Secatans. And they end up getting into a brawl over the possible theft of a silver cup. Really? Yeah, they think the Native Americans have stolen a silver cup from them. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So the English steal the food of the Secatans. And they end up getting into a brawl over the possible theft of a silver cup. Really? Yeah, they think the Native Americans have stolen a silver cup from them. They demand it back. The Native Americans say, we don't know what you're talking about. And then the English kill a bunch of people. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
Yeah, they think the Native Americans have stolen a silver cup from them. They demand it back. The Native Americans say, we don't know what you're talking about. And then the English kill a bunch of people. Oh my gosh. So relations that were going pretty well went pretty badly over what I think is kind of a minor incident. But by the time that the supplies show up, because the English are sending supply ships on a regular basis, Sir Francis Drake of piracy fame shows up with supplies and a bunch of these 100 men just get back on the ship and sail to England. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
And then the English kill a bunch of people. Oh my gosh. So relations that were going pretty well went pretty badly over what I think is kind of a minor incident. But by the time that the supplies show up, because the English are sending supply ships on a regular basis, Sir Francis Drake of piracy fame shows up with supplies and a bunch of these 100 men just get back on the ship and sail to England. So wait, before we go back to England with these men, what contributed to this disproportionate response of killing a bunch of people over a single silver cup? I think a lot of it was that many of these men, now and on later expeditions, are English veterans of the war in Ireland. So there's an Irish rebellion against English rule there. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
But by the time that the supplies show up, because the English are sending supply ships on a regular basis, Sir Francis Drake of piracy fame shows up with supplies and a bunch of these 100 men just get back on the ship and sail to England. So wait, before we go back to England with these men, what contributed to this disproportionate response of killing a bunch of people over a single silver cup? I think a lot of it was that many of these men, now and on later expeditions, are English veterans of the war in Ireland. So there's an Irish rebellion against English rule there. And English take a very brutal stance toward the Irish. They just burn their villages. They decapitate Irish people and line their heads along sidewalks. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
So there's an Irish rebellion against English rule there. And English take a very brutal stance toward the Irish. They just burn their villages. They decapitate Irish people and line their heads along sidewalks. I'm not making this up. So they're veterans of this really brutal Irish repression. And this is something that I think you see a lot with English people when they first are meeting Native Americans. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
They decapitate Irish people and line their heads along sidewalks. I'm not making this up. So they're veterans of this really brutal Irish repression. And this is something that I think you see a lot with English people when they first are meeting Native Americans. They treat them like they treated the Irish, which is to say very badly. They treat them as savages who are a different religion, who need to be subject to the English and need to be taught early on that they need to obey the English. So what happened after that, Kim? | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - background and first attempts.mp3 |
At the beginning of this period, most of the dominant artistic and cultural productions in the United States, the paintings, architecture, literature, and even philosophy, were either borrowed from or imitations of what was being produced in Europe. The United States itself was born in the midst of an intellectual movement that crossed the Atlantic from Europe, the Enlightenment. And if you read the Declaration of Independence, you can hear the echoes of the Enlightenment. "'We hold these truths to be self-evident, "'that all men are created equal, "'that they are endowed by their Creator "'with certain unalienable rights, "'that among these are life, liberty, "'and the pursuit of happiness, "'that to secure these rights, "'governments are instituted among men, "'deriving their just powers "'from the consent of the governed.'" Jefferson looks at the evidence, the rational reasons for self-government. Now, contrast that with a piece of writing from an American at the end of this period. Here's the last stanza from Edgar Allan Poe's poem, "'The Raven,' first published in 1845. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
"'We hold these truths to be self-evident, "'that all men are created equal, "'that they are endowed by their Creator "'with certain unalienable rights, "'that among these are life, liberty, "'and the pursuit of happiness, "'that to secure these rights, "'governments are instituted among men, "'deriving their just powers "'from the consent of the governed.'" Jefferson looks at the evidence, the rational reasons for self-government. Now, contrast that with a piece of writing from an American at the end of this period. Here's the last stanza from Edgar Allan Poe's poem, "'The Raven,' first published in 1845. "'And the raven, never flitting, "'still is sitting, still is sitting, "'on the pallid bust of palace "'just above my chamber door. "'And his eyes have all the seeming "'of a demon's that is dreaming, "'and the lamplight o'er him streaming "'throws his shadow on the floor, "'and my soul from out that shadow "'that lies floating on the floor "'shall be lifted nevermore.'" What is going on here? | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Here's the last stanza from Edgar Allan Poe's poem, "'The Raven,' first published in 1845. "'And the raven, never flitting, "'still is sitting, still is sitting, "'on the pallid bust of palace "'just above my chamber door. "'And his eyes have all the seeming "'of a demon's that is dreaming, "'and the lamplight o'er him streaming "'throws his shadow on the floor, "'and my soul from out that shadow "'that lies floating on the floor "'shall be lifted nevermore.'" What is going on here? Poe's talking about demons and souls and shadows. He's clearly not interested in reason or logic. Where Jefferson is cold, Poe is hot, emotional, imaginative, concentrating on the unseen world instead of the observable world that Jefferson prizes. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
What is going on here? Poe's talking about demons and souls and shadows. He's clearly not interested in reason or logic. Where Jefferson is cold, Poe is hot, emotional, imaginative, concentrating on the unseen world instead of the observable world that Jefferson prizes. This is because Poe, writing nearly 70 years later, was a product of the Romantic era. The Romantics rebelled against the Enlightenment ideas of pure reason and the scientific method, arguing instead that individual experience and emotion mattered more. So why do we care about this transition from the Enlightenment to the Romantic era in the history of the United States? | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Where Jefferson is cold, Poe is hot, emotional, imaginative, concentrating on the unseen world instead of the observable world that Jefferson prizes. This is because Poe, writing nearly 70 years later, was a product of the Romantic era. The Romantics rebelled against the Enlightenment ideas of pure reason and the scientific method, arguing instead that individual experience and emotion mattered more. So why do we care about this transition from the Enlightenment to the Romantic era in the history of the United States? Well, for one thing, because it helps us explain the Second Great Awakening, that period of intense religious devotion that emerged in the first half of the 19th century and drove not only the creation of new religious movements in the United States, but also major reform movements. But we also care because it was during this time of transition that the first truly American art and literary movements emerged. Artists and writers stopped merely imitating European styles, although they were certainly still influenced by them, and began trying to capture a unique and different American culture. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So why do we care about this transition from the Enlightenment to the Romantic era in the history of the United States? Well, for one thing, because it helps us explain the Second Great Awakening, that period of intense religious devotion that emerged in the first half of the 19th century and drove not only the creation of new religious movements in the United States, but also major reform movements. But we also care because it was during this time of transition that the first truly American art and literary movements emerged. Artists and writers stopped merely imitating European styles, although they were certainly still influenced by them, and began trying to capture a unique and different American culture. What they produced not only tells us a lot about their time period, but also created the foundation of what's considered American art or American literature today. One of the ways that Americans began to distinguish their culture was through architecture. In the late 1700s, American architecture started to move away from the Georgian style it had borrowed from Britain, the very symmetrical brick homes that were built during the era when kings named George were in power, and they started to draw more from the models of Roman and Greek architecture. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Artists and writers stopped merely imitating European styles, although they were certainly still influenced by them, and began trying to capture a unique and different American culture. What they produced not only tells us a lot about their time period, but also created the foundation of what's considered American art or American literature today. One of the ways that Americans began to distinguish their culture was through architecture. In the late 1700s, American architecture started to move away from the Georgian style it had borrowed from Britain, the very symmetrical brick homes that were built during the era when kings named George were in power, and they started to draw more from the models of Roman and Greek architecture. Americans saw themselves as carrying on the traditions of the Roman Republic and Greek democracy, so they started employing some of the same architectural language. The federal style started incorporating Roman elements into Georgian buildings, like Roman arches. Here you can see a bit of the transition from this Georgian building on Harvard's campus to this federal building in Salem, Massachusetts. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
In the late 1700s, American architecture started to move away from the Georgian style it had borrowed from Britain, the very symmetrical brick homes that were built during the era when kings named George were in power, and they started to draw more from the models of Roman and Greek architecture. Americans saw themselves as carrying on the traditions of the Roman Republic and Greek democracy, so they started employing some of the same architectural language. The federal style started incorporating Roman elements into Georgian buildings, like Roman arches. Here you can see a bit of the transition from this Georgian building on Harvard's campus to this federal building in Salem, Massachusetts. You go from square windows and doors to Roman arches, and this transition continued as the US Capitol was built in Washington, DC. Starting in the 1820s, the Greek Revival style became prominent for monumental buildings, incorporating triangular pediments and Greek columns. Here you can see the original design of the US Capitol building, which houses Congress. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Here you can see a bit of the transition from this Georgian building on Harvard's campus to this federal building in Salem, Massachusetts. You go from square windows and doors to Roman arches, and this transition continued as the US Capitol was built in Washington, DC. Starting in the 1820s, the Greek Revival style became prominent for monumental buildings, incorporating triangular pediments and Greek columns. Here you can see the original design of the US Capitol building, which houses Congress. It has a central dome, like the Pantheon in Rome, and then a full-on Greek temple pasted to its face. By adopting these elements, American architects sent the message that the United States wasn't just imitating British styles. Instead, they were crafting an architectural form that was suitable for a republic. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Here you can see the original design of the US Capitol building, which houses Congress. It has a central dome, like the Pantheon in Rome, and then a full-on Greek temple pasted to its face. By adopting these elements, American architects sent the message that the United States wasn't just imitating British styles. Instead, they were crafting an architectural form that was suitable for a republic. American art also began to diverge from its European forebears during the early 19th century. American-born painters in the Revolutionary era, like Gilbert Stuart, went to Europe to study and start their careers before heading back to the United States. Stuart's portraits of important American figures, like George Washington, followed the conventions of classical portraiture. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Instead, they were crafting an architectural form that was suitable for a republic. American art also began to diverge from its European forebears during the early 19th century. American-born painters in the Revolutionary era, like Gilbert Stuart, went to Europe to study and start their careers before heading back to the United States. Stuart's portraits of important American figures, like George Washington, followed the conventions of classical portraiture. It wasn't until the 1820s that American art began to come into its own with the Hudson River School. This was started by a group of painters working in upstate New York who captured the majestic nature of the American landscape. They were influenced by the Romantic movement's emphasis on emotion and the sublime, which is the awe-inspiring, untamed aspect of nature that you find in mountains and storms and wilderness. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Stuart's portraits of important American figures, like George Washington, followed the conventions of classical portraiture. It wasn't until the 1820s that American art began to come into its own with the Hudson River School. This was started by a group of painters working in upstate New York who captured the majestic nature of the American landscape. They were influenced by the Romantic movement's emphasis on emotion and the sublime, which is the awe-inspiring, untamed aspect of nature that you find in mountains and storms and wilderness. The painters of the Hudson River School explored the relationship between the American environment and the March of Settlement. Let's take a look at one Hudson River School painting, the Oxbow, which was painted in 1836 by Thomas Cole. The painting depicts a bend in the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
They were influenced by the Romantic movement's emphasis on emotion and the sublime, which is the awe-inspiring, untamed aspect of nature that you find in mountains and storms and wilderness. The painters of the Hudson River School explored the relationship between the American environment and the March of Settlement. Let's take a look at one Hudson River School painting, the Oxbow, which was painted in 1836 by Thomas Cole. The painting depicts a bend in the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts. You can see that a thunderstorm is passing with dark clouds here on the left, and there's this twisted tree and downed limbs which show how violent the storm was up on the mountain. It feels dangerous and unpredictable. That's the sublime right there. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
The painting depicts a bend in the Connecticut River in western Massachusetts. You can see that a thunderstorm is passing with dark clouds here on the left, and there's this twisted tree and downed limbs which show how violent the storm was up on the mountain. It feels dangerous and unpredictable. That's the sublime right there. Then on the right side, you have this river valley with farms and little plumes of smoke from houses. There's a boat on the river and some sheep grazing down here and just barely visible in the foreground is a little self-portrait of Thomas Cole out with his easel. He's kind of saying, yeah, that's right, I'm out here dodging lightning to show you how the real deal looks. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
That's the sublime right there. Then on the right side, you have this river valley with farms and little plumes of smoke from houses. There's a boat on the river and some sheep grazing down here and just barely visible in the foreground is a little self-portrait of Thomas Cole out with his easel. He's kind of saying, yeah, that's right, I'm out here dodging lightning to show you how the real deal looks. So you can see in this painting that there's kind of a tension between the settled society on the right side and the wilderness on the left side. The vastness of the American West and the march of the first wave of industrialization gave painters a unique American subject for their art. Lastly, the first American writers and thinkers came on the scene during this era. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
He's kind of saying, yeah, that's right, I'm out here dodging lightning to show you how the real deal looks. So you can see in this painting that there's kind of a tension between the settled society on the right side and the wilderness on the left side. The vastness of the American West and the march of the first wave of industrialization gave painters a unique American subject for their art. Lastly, the first American writers and thinkers came on the scene during this era. Remember, the Romantics glorified the experience of the individual and their emotions. The first American fiction writers to gain traction for an international audience described unique aspects of American society. Washington Irving, who we remember today for the headless horseman in the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, another Romantic ghost story like Poe's The Raven, achieved renown by telling folk tales about the lingering Dutch culture in upstate New York. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Lastly, the first American writers and thinkers came on the scene during this era. Remember, the Romantics glorified the experience of the individual and their emotions. The first American fiction writers to gain traction for an international audience described unique aspects of American society. Washington Irving, who we remember today for the headless horseman in the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, another Romantic ghost story like Poe's The Raven, achieved renown by telling folk tales about the lingering Dutch culture in upstate New York. James Fenimore Cooper's protagonist in his leather stocking tales, Natty Bumpo, was a white frontiersman who grew up among the indigenous Delaware people. His nickname was Hawkeye. And yes, the Marvel character is named after him, which gives you a sense of how these first American characters have continued to live on in our contemporary culture. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Washington Irving, who we remember today for the headless horseman in the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, another Romantic ghost story like Poe's The Raven, achieved renown by telling folk tales about the lingering Dutch culture in upstate New York. James Fenimore Cooper's protagonist in his leather stocking tales, Natty Bumpo, was a white frontiersman who grew up among the indigenous Delaware people. His nickname was Hawkeye. And yes, the Marvel character is named after him, which gives you a sense of how these first American characters have continued to live on in our contemporary culture. In New England, particularly Boston and the surrounding areas, American intellectuals embraced Romanticism in the philosophy of Transcendentalism. The Transcendentalists were a group of writers, poets, and philosophers who believed that truth transcended the observable world of the Enlightenment, and that spiritual meaning could be found in nature. Henry David Thoreau is probably the most famous Transcendentalist. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And yes, the Marvel character is named after him, which gives you a sense of how these first American characters have continued to live on in our contemporary culture. In New England, particularly Boston and the surrounding areas, American intellectuals embraced Romanticism in the philosophy of Transcendentalism. The Transcendentalists were a group of writers, poets, and philosophers who believed that truth transcended the observable world of the Enlightenment, and that spiritual meaning could be found in nature. Henry David Thoreau is probably the most famous Transcendentalist. He wrote a book about his two years living simply in a cabin he built on the edge of Walden Pond on fellow Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson's property. The Transcendentalists also emphasized the individual and freedom of thought. Emerson, who's generally considered the founder of the Transcendentalist movement, wrote essays encouraging Americans to think for themselves, not just go along with the crowd. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Henry David Thoreau is probably the most famous Transcendentalist. He wrote a book about his two years living simply in a cabin he built on the edge of Walden Pond on fellow Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson's property. The Transcendentalists also emphasized the individual and freedom of thought. Emerson, who's generally considered the founder of the Transcendentalist movement, wrote essays encouraging Americans to think for themselves, not just go along with the crowd. Some of the most influential Transcendentalists were women, like Margaret Fuller, who wrote about the state of women in the 19th century and edited the Transcendentalist magazine, The Dial. Poet Emily Dickinson has sometimes been classed among the Transcendentalists, as has Louisa May Alcott, the author of Little Women. The freedom of thought that the Transcendentalists espoused also led them to become some of the strongest opponents of the institution of slavery. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Emerson, who's generally considered the founder of the Transcendentalist movement, wrote essays encouraging Americans to think for themselves, not just go along with the crowd. Some of the most influential Transcendentalists were women, like Margaret Fuller, who wrote about the state of women in the 19th century and edited the Transcendentalist magazine, The Dial. Poet Emily Dickinson has sometimes been classed among the Transcendentalists, as has Louisa May Alcott, the author of Little Women. The freedom of thought that the Transcendentalists espoused also led them to become some of the strongest opponents of the institution of slavery. Thoreau refused to pay his taxes in protest of the Mexican-American War, which he and many Northerners saw as an unjust land grab to extend Southern territory and spread slavery west. He wrote an essay about his experience called Resistance to Civil Government, sometimes shortened to Civil Disobedience, which encouraged individuals not to obey unjust laws. His ideas would go on to influence Mahatma Gandhi and later Martin Luther King Jr. | The development of an American culture AP US History Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
This is where the spooky part comes in. Sir Walter Raleigh and John White realized that a whole group of soldiers was probably not the right group to send to the New World. Instead, he thinks, alright, this is what we're gonna do. We're gonna send civilians. Okay. We're gonna send families. So they send about 90 men, about 20 women and maybe about 10 children. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
We're gonna send civilians. Okay. We're gonna send families. So they send about 90 men, about 20 women and maybe about 10 children. And say, okay, you are going to start a colony and a settlement in the New World. So it's not just a trading post. Yo, but back up. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So they send about 90 men, about 20 women and maybe about 10 children. And say, okay, you are going to start a colony and a settlement in the New World. So it's not just a trading post. Yo, but back up. Like, still on Roanoke Island next to the Native Americans that hate them? Is that where they're still putting the colony? Well, they were really hoping, since they've discovered, that this is a terrible place to be. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Yo, but back up. Like, still on Roanoke Island next to the Native Americans that hate them? Is that where they're still putting the colony? Well, they were really hoping, since they've discovered, that this is a terrible place to be. A terrible place to sail. That they can actually head up to the Chesapeake Bay and make that their place of operations. Why not just make landfall there? | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Well, they were really hoping, since they've discovered, that this is a terrible place to be. A terrible place to sail. That they can actually head up to the Chesapeake Bay and make that their place of operations. Why not just make landfall there? Well, they usually started by going from England all the way down to Bahamas where they could refuel. So this was an area where they already had power. So instead of going to the unknown land first, they would go down to the West Indies, meet up. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Why not just make landfall there? Well, they usually started by going from England all the way down to Bahamas where they could refuel. So this was an area where they already had power. So instead of going to the unknown land first, they would go down to the West Indies, meet up. Get fresh water. Get fresh water and supplies. And then come up to Virginia, aka North Carolina. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So instead of going to the unknown land first, they would go down to the West Indies, meet up. Get fresh water. Get fresh water and supplies. And then come up to Virginia, aka North Carolina. Unfortunately, as the weather worked out, they couldn't make it farther than Roanoke Island. So they are hanging out with what they hope are their friends, the Secatans. And right after they get there, one of the English colonists is murdered by probably a Secatan person. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And then come up to Virginia, aka North Carolina. Unfortunately, as the weather worked out, they couldn't make it farther than Roanoke Island. So they are hanging out with what they hope are their friends, the Secatans. And right after they get there, one of the English colonists is murdered by probably a Secatan person. And it's because they say to their translators, we don't have enough food. You're gonna steal more food and we just can't have you here. I mean, it's obvious that they brought women and children. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And right after they get there, one of the English colonists is murdered by probably a Secatan person. And it's because they say to their translators, we don't have enough food. You're gonna steal more food and we just can't have you here. I mean, it's obvious that they brought women and children. They're intending to stay. And the Native Americans have decided that the English are not to be trusted. So this is just like a whole series of tragic diplomacy by ultimatum movements, right? | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
I mean, it's obvious that they brought women and children. They're intending to stay. And the Native Americans have decided that the English are not to be trusted. So this is just like a whole series of tragic diplomacy by ultimatum movements, right? Yeah, it's really interesting because I think there are a couple of places here where things might have gone very differently. You can see the inflection points if both sides decided not to play hardball with each other so much. Yeah, I think, I mean, there's so many places here where ships get lost or they got grounded on the shoals outside North Carolina so they can't get more supplies. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So this is just like a whole series of tragic diplomacy by ultimatum movements, right? Yeah, it's really interesting because I think there are a couple of places here where things might have gone very differently. You can see the inflection points if both sides decided not to play hardball with each other so much. Yeah, I think, I mean, there's so many places here where ships get lost or they got grounded on the shoals outside North Carolina so they can't get more supplies. Or later, storms will prevent reinforcements. Like weather and a silver cup are kinda the things that keep the Roanoke colony from succeeding. So right away after this new group of colonists arrives, one of them is murdered. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Yeah, I think, I mean, there's so many places here where ships get lost or they got grounded on the shoals outside North Carolina so they can't get more supplies. Or later, storms will prevent reinforcements. Like weather and a silver cup are kinda the things that keep the Roanoke colony from succeeding. So right away after this new group of colonists arrives, one of them is murdered. And so they ask their governor, John White, to go back to England and get them more supplies. John White, the illustrator who painted, who made these images on the right. And he's now governor. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So right away after this new group of colonists arrives, one of them is murdered. And so they ask their governor, John White, to go back to England and get them more supplies. John White, the illustrator who painted, who made these images on the right. And he's now governor. Okay. He's the only one of the original Raleigh's 11 who's still part of this venture. So he's now moved up in the ranks. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And he's now governor. Okay. He's the only one of the original Raleigh's 11 who's still part of this venture. So he's now moved up in the ranks. So John White sails back to England and then he runs into a big problem, the Spanish, basically. He wanted to get supplies. Some of these colonists, including the Dares, are actually John White's children. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So he's now moved up in the ranks. So John White sails back to England and then he runs into a big problem, the Spanish, basically. He wanted to get supplies. Some of these colonists, including the Dares, are actually John White's children. Oh, snap. So this is his actual family that's here that he's trying to protect. So he goes back to England and he says, Sir Walter Raleigh, I need more reinforcements. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Some of these colonists, including the Dares, are actually John White's children. Oh, snap. So this is his actual family that's here that he's trying to protect. So he goes back to England and he says, Sir Walter Raleigh, I need more reinforcements. But all English shipping is cut off because of the threat of the Spanish. The Spanish Armada is coming to England at this time period and so not a single ship can be spared to go try to bail out these colonists in the New World. Oh, wow. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So he goes back to England and he says, Sir Walter Raleigh, I need more reinforcements. But all English shipping is cut off because of the threat of the Spanish. The Spanish Armada is coming to England at this time period and so not a single ship can be spared to go try to bail out these colonists in the New World. Oh, wow. So they're like alone and entirely isolated on this new continent among people that do not like them because of stuff that people before them did. Exactly, yeah, that's about the size of it. So it's like 1588 when John White sails back to England and because of the Spanish Armada, it's not until 1590 that he can finally get back and try to find these colonists, including his family. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Oh, wow. So they're like alone and entirely isolated on this new continent among people that do not like them because of stuff that people before them did. Exactly, yeah, that's about the size of it. So it's like 1588 when John White sails back to England and because of the Spanish Armada, it's not until 1590 that he can finally get back and try to find these colonists, including his family. When he gets there, this is all he finds. The word Croatoan carved into a tree. What do you mean, what happened to their town? | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So it's like 1588 when John White sails back to England and because of the Spanish Armada, it's not until 1590 that he can finally get back and try to find these colonists, including his family. When he gets there, this is all he finds. The word Croatoan carved into a tree. What do you mean, what happened to their town? It was completely abandoned. So it looks as if they left of their own volition because it doesn't look like there was an attack there and they had agreed beforehand that if they decided to go somewhere else, remember, they already knew that they were in unwelcome territory, so they thought maybe they'd go farther inland. They would leave traces, they would carve something in a tree to say where they had gone. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
What do you mean, what happened to their town? It was completely abandoned. So it looks as if they left of their own volition because it doesn't look like there was an attack there and they had agreed beforehand that if they decided to go somewhere else, remember, they already knew that they were in unwelcome territory, so they thought maybe they'd go farther inland. They would leave traces, they would carve something in a tree to say where they had gone. Unfortunately, another storm hit and so John White was forced to leave and go back to England without ever going to see the Croatoans, this other Native American tribe, along with their town called Croatoan to see where the rest of his family and the rest of the colonists were. Did he ever return in his lifetime? No, he did not. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
They would leave traces, they would carve something in a tree to say where they had gone. Unfortunately, another storm hit and so John White was forced to leave and go back to England without ever going to see the Croatoans, this other Native American tribe, along with their town called Croatoan to see where the rest of his family and the rest of the colonists were. Did he ever return in his lifetime? No, he did not. Oh, that's heartbreaking. So he never found out what happened to his family and technically, we never found out what happened to the lost colony at Roanoke, but there's some pretty good evidence about what might have happened to them. Tell it to me, Kim. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
No, he did not. Oh, that's heartbreaking. So he never found out what happened to his family and technically, we never found out what happened to the lost colony at Roanoke, but there's some pretty good evidence about what might have happened to them. Tell it to me, Kim. All right, so here's what we think may have happened. So there are about 130 people, right? Right. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Tell it to me, Kim. All right, so here's what we think may have happened. So there are about 130 people, right? Right. Assuming that none of them died from disease. That's a charitable assumption. Yeah. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Right. Assuming that none of them died from disease. That's a charitable assumption. Yeah. Not all of them could have gone to sea and live with the Croatoans. Okay. Right, because they were a much smaller tribe than that, so they could never have been all supported by these people. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Yeah. Not all of them could have gone to sea and live with the Croatoans. Okay. Right, because they were a much smaller tribe than that, so they could never have been all supported by these people. What we think happened is that some of them went to live with the Croatoans who were along the coast, so if John White comes back, then they can connect up with him again. So that's what we think happened to some of them. We also think that some of them went further inland to a more stable environment around what is maybe called Mary Hill. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Right, because they were a much smaller tribe than that, so they could never have been all supported by these people. What we think happened is that some of them went to live with the Croatoans who were along the coast, so if John White comes back, then they can connect up with him again. So that's what we think happened to some of them. We also think that some of them went further inland to a more stable environment around what is maybe called Mary Hill. So about 15, sorry, about 50 miles inland from Roanoke Island. Today, Mary Hill, North Carolina. And we think some of them may have gone north. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
We also think that some of them went further inland to a more stable environment around what is maybe called Mary Hill. So about 15, sorry, about 50 miles inland from Roanoke Island. Today, Mary Hill, North Carolina. And we think some of them may have gone north. So here's the evidence about these various things. How do we know that these colonists went there? So when John White was sailing to Roanoke, he saw big fires along the coast where the Croatoans lived. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And we think some of them may have gone north. So here's the evidence about these various things. How do we know that these colonists went there? So when John White was sailing to Roanoke, he saw big fires along the coast where the Croatoans lived. So we think the English may have been there trying to signal them, but he went straight to Roanoke and then because of his troubles with his ship had to go back to England. So there's strong evidence there. Also later, an Englishman heard a legend from the people who lived in that region that some of their ancestors had been white people and they had English coins. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So when John White was sailing to Roanoke, he saw big fires along the coast where the Croatoans lived. So we think the English may have been there trying to signal them, but he went straight to Roanoke and then because of his troubles with his ship had to go back to England. So there's strong evidence there. Also later, an Englishman heard a legend from the people who lived in that region that some of their ancestors had been white people and they had English coins. So I think it's probably safe to say that some of them did actually intermarry with the Croatoans and lived there for most of the rest of their lives. The ones who went north, we know about because John Smith, the captain of the Jamestown colony in 1607, met up with some Native Americans who told him that there had been white people living in the area who had lived peacefully among the Native Americans until just recently when they were massacred by the Powhatans. Powhatan was the father of Pocahontas, right? | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Also later, an Englishman heard a legend from the people who lived in that region that some of their ancestors had been white people and they had English coins. So I think it's probably safe to say that some of them did actually intermarry with the Croatoans and lived there for most of the rest of their lives. The ones who went north, we know about because John Smith, the captain of the Jamestown colony in 1607, met up with some Native Americans who told him that there had been white people living in the area who had lived peacefully among the Native Americans until just recently when they were massacred by the Powhatans. Powhatan was the father of Pocahontas, right? So there's some overlap here. So he was trying to get the lay of the land, how the local people felt about the English. And the intelligence that he got was, oh, everyone's cool with the English except for the people that you're living right next to. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Powhatan was the father of Pocahontas, right? So there's some overlap here. So he was trying to get the lay of the land, how the local people felt about the English. And the intelligence that he got was, oh, everyone's cool with the English except for the people that you're living right next to. I think it was probably intended, yeah, to be maybe a warning. We think what might actually have happened was that the people from Roanoke had intermarried with another Native American tribe and had become kind of indistinguishable from them. And then the Powhatans, who were kind of a larger empire, actually attacked them. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And the intelligence that he got was, oh, everyone's cool with the English except for the people that you're living right next to. I think it was probably intended, yeah, to be maybe a warning. We think what might actually have happened was that the people from Roanoke had intermarried with another Native American tribe and had become kind of indistinguishable from them. And then the Powhatans, who were kind of a larger empire, actually attacked them. So they were killed off in a raid against other Native American groups. And the last thing that we think that they probably went inland is from a recent archeological dig, which has discovered, it's called English border ware, in this town near Mary Hill, North Carolina. And it was only made in this time period before these English colonists left. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And then the Powhatans, who were kind of a larger empire, actually attacked them. So they were killed off in a raid against other Native American groups. And the last thing that we think that they probably went inland is from a recent archeological dig, which has discovered, it's called English border ware, in this town near Mary Hill, North Carolina. And it was only made in this time period before these English colonists left. So we know it has to have dated before 1588. Nine years or so, okay. So it's highly likely that at least some of those people had been living in this area because we have an archeological record of them. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
And it was only made in this time period before these English colonists left. So we know it has to have dated before 1588. Nine years or so, okay. So it's highly likely that at least some of those people had been living in this area because we have an archeological record of them. That's so cool. What I think is really interesting about this is we actually know a lot more about this than I think popular legend says that we do. Yeah, I always thought that the lost colony at Roanoke was one of those unsolvable secrets of history. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
So it's highly likely that at least some of those people had been living in this area because we have an archeological record of them. That's so cool. What I think is really interesting about this is we actually know a lot more about this than I think popular legend says that we do. Yeah, I always thought that the lost colony at Roanoke was one of those unsolvable secrets of history. I think it tells us a lot about the historical process. In some ways, we know a lot about this. In other ways, we don't know much at all. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
Yeah, I always thought that the lost colony at Roanoke was one of those unsolvable secrets of history. I think it tells us a lot about the historical process. In some ways, we know a lot about this. In other ways, we don't know much at all. There are some things in history that we don't have records about and perhaps never will. But if I had to say that there's one thing that's really haunting about this colony at Roanoke is just how different things might have been had they chosen to be friendly about the theft of a silver cup that may or may not have happened rather than angry and violent. We could be talking about the colony of Roanoke as the very first successful English colony in the New World. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
In other ways, we don't know much at all. There are some things in history that we don't have records about and perhaps never will. But if I had to say that there's one thing that's really haunting about this colony at Roanoke is just how different things might have been had they chosen to be friendly about the theft of a silver cup that may or may not have happened rather than angry and violent. We could be talking about the colony of Roanoke as the very first successful English colony in the New World. You and I could have been speaking like an Algonquian English dialect right now. Quite possibly. So it shows us just how important even the smallest events in history can be to the way that things turn out and how much people's choices really do matter. | The Lost Colony of Roanoke - settlement and disappearance (2).mp3 |
But now the North was dominant and essentially occupied the South. And we enter a period called Reconstruction. And Reconstruction can refer to one of two things, and they're somewhat related. One is just the reconstruction from the war. Obviously, there was a lot of damage done on both sides. But it's usually referred to the actual reconstruction of the South and, to some degree, kind of the reform of the South. And I'm going to glaze over a lot of details, like I did in the last video. | US History Overview 2 - Reconstruction to the Great Depression (2).mp3 |
One is just the reconstruction from the war. Obviously, there was a lot of damage done on both sides. But it's usually referred to the actual reconstruction of the South and, to some degree, kind of the reform of the South. And I'm going to glaze over a lot of details, like I did in the last video. And I might ignore some major events that you might find important. And I'll get back to them. Don't worry. | US History Overview 2 - Reconstruction to the Great Depression (2).mp3 |
And I'm going to glaze over a lot of details, like I did in the last video. And I might ignore some major events that you might find important. And I'll get back to them. Don't worry. But the three big things that happened during Reconstruction, other than the fact of the North occupying the South and essentially, to a large degree, suspending democracy in the South and installing its own politicians, its own lawmakers, is that the United States passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. These are known as the Reconstruction Amendments. In 1865, you have the 13th Amendment. | US History Overview 2 - Reconstruction to the Great Depression (2).mp3 |