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The gan po region, one of the earliest rice growing places in the world, has started the history of farming in ancient times. And, through archaeological sampling and excavation, wild rice and cultivated rice,17,000 years ago and 12000 years ago, respectively, have been found by Chinese and American experts in Wannian district of Jiangxi province at the end of last century. It shows that the poyang area of Jiangxi province has become the beginning of rice farming in China early in the late paleolithic and early neolithic period, also, played an vital role in the history of rice farming in the world. The long history of agricultural civilization forms the folk culture of poyang farming, which is fully reflected in dialect vocabulary. Its folk customs reflected in the dialect vocabulary are mainly reflected in these aspects of spring plowing and sowing, rice field management, rice harvest, farmers' sacrifice and agricultural festivals and so on.

2022-01-27T05:31:08.970Z

Linear tears of the dura may be sutured. Defects are best repaired by a graft taken from the fascia lata in the outer side of the thigh. This need not necessarily be stitched firmly into place if it will stay in position from pressure against the overlying skull. 1 Badoe E A., Archampong EQ, Joya MOA. Principles and Practice o f Surgery, vol 27. Accra: GPC:397401 2 Holy Family Hospital Berekum. Annual Report. Ghana: HFHB, 1994:30 3 Behrman RE, Vaughan VC. Nelson’s Textbook of Paediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders C , 1987

2022-02-13T07:34:36.932Z

OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgical outcomes and early postoperative complications of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation performed by residents with those performed by attending physicians. METHODS: This is a retrospective, case–control study. Data were gathered from chart reviews of consecutive cases of AGV model FP7 implantation between January 2014 and July 2017. Postoperative 1-year results of patients who had at least 3 months follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four eyes of 144 patients were included in this study: 72 patients in the resident group, and 72 age- and sex-matched patients in the attending group. Hyphema and shallow anterior chamber were significantly more common in the resident group vs. attending group (25% vs. 2.8% and 19.4% vs. 7.0%; P = 0.001 and P = 0.04, respectively). Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) was more common in resident vs. attending group (30.6% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.001). No significant difference in mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was found at any postoperative follow-up visits between the surgery groups (P > 0.05, for all). The number of postoperative visits within 3 months was similar between the groups (P = 0.84). CONCLUSION: Resident-performed AGV surgery lowered IOP, similar to attending-performed surgery. More frequent complications were observed in the resident group, which might be due to the predominance of NVG in this group.

2022-04-08T07:14:16.995Z

Studies of sleep influences on human pharyngeal and other respiratory muscles suggest that the activity of these muscles may be affected by non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep in a nonuniform manner. This variable sleep response may relate to the pattern of activation of the muscle (inspiratory phasic vs. tonic) and peripheral events occurring in the airway. Furthermore, the ability of these muscles to respond to respiratory stimuli during NREM sleep may also differ. To systematically investigate the effect of NREM sleep on respiratory muscle activity, we studied two tonic muscles [tensor palatini (TP), masseter (M)] and two inspiratory phasic ones [genioglossus (GG), diaphragm (D)], also measuring the response of these muscles to inspiratory resistive loading (12 cmH2O.l-1.s) during wakefulness and NREM sleep. Seven normal male subjects were studied on a single night with intramuscular electrodes placed in the TP and GG and surface electrodes placed over the D and M. Sleep stage, inspiratory airflow, and moving time average electromyograph (EMG) of the above four muscles were continuously recorded. The EMG of both tonic muscles fell significantly (P less than 0.05) during NREM sleep [TP awake, 4.3 +/- 0.05 (SE) arbitrary units, stage 2, 1.1 +/- 0.2; stage 3/4, 1.0 +/- 0.2. Masseter awake, 4.8 +/- 0.6; stage 2, 3.3 +/- 0.5; stage 3/4, 3.1 +/- 0.5]. On the other hand, the peak phasic EMG of both inspiratory phasic muscles (GG and D) was well maintained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2022-12-20T02:44:55.198Z

Background. Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) mediates signal transduction from cytokine receptors using the common chain (&ggr;c). Because mutations in genes encoding &ggr;c or JAK3 result in immunodeficiency, we investigated the potential of a rationally designed inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, to prevent renal allograft rejection in nonhuman primates. Methods. Life-supporting kidney transplantations were performed between mixed leukocyte reaction-mismatched, ABO blood group-matched cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were treated with CP-690,550 (n=18) or its vehicle (controls, n=3) and were euthanized at day 90 or earlier if there was allograft rejection. Results. Mean survival time (± standard error of mean) in animals treated with CP-690,550 (53±7 days) was significantly longer than in control animals (7±1 days, P=0.0003) and was positively correlated with exposure to the drug (r=0.79, P<0.01). Four treated animals were euthanized at 90 days with a normal renal function and low-grade rejection at final pathology. Occurrence of rejection was significantly delayed in treated animals (46±7 days from transplantation vs. 7±1 days in controls, P=0.0003). Persistent anemia, polyoma virus-like nephritis (n=2), and urinary calcium carbonate accretions (n=3) were seen in animals with high exposure. Natural killer cell and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell numbers were significantly reduced in treated animals. Blood glucose, serum lipid levels, and arterial blood pressure were within normal range in treated animals, and no cancers were demonstrated. Conclusions. CP-690,550 is the first reported JAK3 inhibitor combining efficacy and good tolerability in a preclinical model of allotransplantation in nonhuman primates and thus has interesting potential for immunosuppression in humans.

2022-12-19T03:45:29.369Z

The surface condition of roadways has direct consequences on a wide range of processes related to the transportation technology, quality of road facilities, road safety, and traffic noise emissions. Methods developed for detection of road surface condition are crucial for maintenance and rehabilitation plans, also relevant for driving environment detection for autonomous transportation systems and e-mobility solutions. In this paper, the clustering of the tire-road noise emission features is proposed to detect the condition of the wheel tracks regions during naturalistic driving events. This acoustic-based methodology was applied in urban areas under nonstop real-life traffic conditions. Using the proposed method, it was possible to identify at least two groups of surface status on the inspected routes over the wheel-path interaction zone. The detection rate on urban zone reaches 75% for renewed lanes and 72% for distressed lanes.

2022-12-30T00:13:13.494Z

The article seeks to unravel the meaning of one of the symbols of Antonio Machado, the sea. Firstly, the most obvious meanings of the symbol have been identified in order to later analyze the word’s occurrence, where the meaning is more difficult to discern. The conclusion reached is that the central value of the word is existence.

2022-02-08T17:28:24.404Z

O pensamento critico tem se diversificado e tornado ainda mais complexo com a “entrada em cena”, nos ultimos anos, de questionamentos pos-estruturalistas que compartilham espacos discursivos no âmbito academico com as perspectivas de cunho marxista e neomarxista tipicamente modernas. Talvez possa resultar util revisar o itinerario da critica contemporânea desde sua origem moderna, de inspiracao puramente marxista, ate o atual cenario em que convergem variadas perspectivas. Que valorizacoes recebe a escola nas distintas expressoes da critica nesse trajeto? Este artigo pretende abordar esta questao distinguindo certas versoes mais ceticas das escolas daquelas que tem-lhe dado um impulso renovador. Todas elas, a seu modo, tem proporcionado elementos conceituais que permitem a construcao de discursos alternativos sobre a educacao escolar das sociedades contemporâneas, apartados dos questionamentos ingenuos e apologeticos da ortodoxia dominante

2022-04-08T01:18:29.529Z

Background: Uterine broids, also known as Leiomyoma, are the most common benign neoplasm in the female genital tract and originate from the myometrium ́s smooth muscle. The cause of the broids is unknown, but however, it is estimated to be caused by estrogens and progestrones which proliferate tumor growth. Fibroids are seen to rarely occur before menarche and reduce after menopause. This study was carried out to know the age prevalence of uterine broids in a tertiary care hospital of Nagpur Methods: Clinical les and histopathology reports of all patients that operated for symptomatic uterine broids or leiomyomas between 2017 to 2021 were obtained from gynaecology department and histopathology department. A total 165 cases were studied. Results: Clinical les and histopathology reports of Orange city hospital Nagpur showed that total 165 patients operated for symptomatic uterine broids or leimyomas between 2017 to2021. From data it was evident that maximum incidence (69%) was in the 40-50 age group. Conclusions: The age prevalence of broids or uterine leiomyomas was maximum in the age group of 40-50 and very less in below 30 and above 60 age groups. These ndings were also documented in other studies.

2022-07-29T16:35:46.998Z

The main aim of this work consists of studying and analysing the reasons that drive firms to expand by means of the franchise route. A methodology based on latent class regression has been used, in order to explain the number of franchised units from a set of variables related to the adhesion costs, growth, and internationalization of the franchising chain. Two main conclusions are extracted from the results. On the one hand, the selected variables turn out to be suitable to explain the reasons that impulse companies to expand in franchising versus the development of owned units strategy. On the other hand, different profiles or types of franchisors exist according to the type of expansion chosen.

2022-09-10T01:02:06.800Z

Postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) presents in approximately 5% of women. Its incidence, clinical characteristics, and evolution were studied in a nonselected population of Mediterranean women. Six hundred five healthy women, recruited between the 36th week of pregnancy and the 4th postpartum day, underwent initial clinical and biological evaluation and postpartum at 1 (n = 605), 3 (n = 552), 6 (n = 574), 9 (n = 431), and 12 (n = 444) months. PPT was diagnosed in women with transient hyperthyroidism between 1 and 3 months postpartum and/or hypothyroidism between 3 and 6 months postpartum. Permanent hypothyroidism was considered if it was overt and persisted one year after diagnosis. The incidence rate of PPT was 7.8%. Eighty-two percent of PPT patients had hormone abnormalities at the 6th month postpartum, 8.8% showed depression and 51% goiter. PPT was manifest as hyperthyroidism plus hypothyroidism in 35.5% of patients, because only transient hyperthyroidism in 22.2% and as hypothyroidism alone in 42.3%. Five patients with hypothyroidism during PPT (0.82% of the initial population, 11.1% of PPT patients, and 15.6% of hypothyroidism PPT patients) presented permanent hypothyroidism after a follow-up of 39.8 (4.2) months. PPT was found in 7.8% of general Mediterranean population. We recommend evaluation at the 6th postpartum month to diagnose the majority of PPT women and indefinite follow-up of hypothyroid PPT patients to detect permanent hypothyroidism.

2022-09-15T05:30:17.255Z

Misuse of real photographs with conflicting image captions in news items is one case of out-of-context (OOC) misuse of media. To detect out-of-context given pair of news (i.e., captions) and attached image, people should determine the truthfulness of the statement and evaluate whether the triplet talks to the same event. This paper presents a new method to detect the OOC media challenge introduced in ACMMM'22 Grand Challenge on Detecting Cheapfakes. For $Task_1$ (i.e., detect conflicting image-caption triplets), our approach uses bottom-up attention with visual semantic reasoning to extract global features of the image to perform comprehensive image-text matching, multiple models of natural language processing to extract semantic relation of the caption and utilize boosting to improve the accuracy of the performance. Our method achieved an 85.5% accuracy score on 80% of the testing dataset and has 4.5% higher accuracy than baseline. For Task2 (i.e., determine whether a given (Image, Caption) pair is real or fake), we detect the veracity of captioned image base semantic features and correlation between image/caption and achieve 76% accuracy. Our source code is available at https://github.com/latuanvinh1998/Cheapfakes_detection_acmmm. Docker for submission is available at https://hub.docker.com/repository/docker/latuanvinh1998/acmmmcheapfakes.

2022-11-18T00:42:08.421Z

24 GHz fundamental-frequency microwave oscillators using low-cost packaged HEMTs and a dielectric resonator in a higher-order mode are reported. From the very high quality factor of the resonator-mode, excellent phase noise (-95 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset) and a good temperature stability (+9 ppm/K) are achieved. The output power is about +10 dBm. By adding a demodulator diode and a patch antenna, a high-performance low-cost Doppler sensor for speed over ground measurements has been built.<<ETX>>

2022-12-10T21:53:17.401Z

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of percutaneous cryoablation of tumors in a solitary kidney on renal function, treatment-related complications, and local tumor control. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of the cases of patients with a solitary kidney treated with percutaneous renal cryoablation from March 2003 through November 2008 was performed. Renal function was analyzed with serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate measured before ablation, on the first day after ablation, 3-6 months after ablation, and at the most recent evaluation on record at our institution. Index tumor size, ice ball size, and local tumor control were tabulated after review of preablation and postablation images. RESULTS Thirty-one patients with 38 tumors (mean maximum diameter, 3.0 cm; range, 1.7-7.3 cm) were treated with 35 cryoablation procedures. After a mean follow-up period of 14 months (range, < 1-42 months), 29 patients had a 0.1-mg/dL median increase in creatinine concentration (p = 0.0089) and 4.7-mL/min/1.73 m(2) median decrease in glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.0335) from preablation levels. Fifteen of 25 patients with 3 months or more of renal function follow-up had a decrease in renal function. Ten of these 15 patients (67%) had a history of previous renal ablation or partial nephrectomy involving the same solitary kidney. No patient needed dialysis. Seven grade 3 or greater complications (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) occurred after the 35 procedures (20% complication rate). The median hospital stay was 1 day (range, 1-19 days). The local tumor control rate was 92%. CONCLUSION Percutaneous cryoablation is effective in the management of renal tumors in patients with a solitary kidney, causing minimal loss of renal function. Patients who have previously undergone partial nephrectomy or ablation in a solitary kidney may be more susceptible to renal function loss than patients who have not undergone these procedures.

2022-12-14T17:49:55.544Z

An anatase TiO 2 film (75 ± 5 nm thick) was formed on SnO 2 film (580 ± 80 nm thick) coated soda-lime glass by a sol-gel method (TiO 2 /SnO 2 /glass). Depth profiles of the compositions determined hy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the amounts of Na + and F - ions are negligibly small throughout the TiO 2 film. The activities for four kinds of photocatalytic reactions (v) were examined under no external applied potential in comparison with those of a TiO 2 /quartz standard sample (ν 0 ), The TiO 2 /SnO 2 /glass bilayer-type photocatalyst showed remarkably higher activities for oxidations (ν/ν 0 = 3.0 ± 0.2), whereas the activities for reductions are lower (ν/ν 0 = 0.62 ± 0.03). These results could be explained by efficient charge separation via the interfacial electron transfer from TiO 2 to SnO 2 .

2022-12-20T11:34:52.330Z

INTRODUCTION Abdominal sacrocolpopexy provides effective, long-term outcomes for apical pelvic organ prolapse. The introduction of robotic-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (RALS) has mitigated the risks of abdominal surgery. This study aims to evaluate the preoperative patient characteristics, intraoperative surgical parameters, and postoperative outcomes of RALS, which has not been previously performed in Canada. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 47 patients who have undergone RALS from 2016-2018 by a single surgeon at a tertiary care hospital in Canada was completed. RESULTS This case series had a mean age of 60.2 years, body mass index of 28.3 kg/m2, and Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2.0. Preoperatively, 13 (28%), 23 (49%), and 11 (23%) patients had Baden-Walker grade 2, 3, and 4 apical prolapse, respectively. Intraoperatively, 45 (96%) underwent concomitant procedures, including 36 (77%) with adnexal surgery, 32 (68%) with anti-incontinence surgery, and 25 (53%) with hysterectomy. Intraoperative complications included one ureteric injury, two bladder injuries, and three vaginotomies. The mean robotic console time, surgery time, and total operating room times were 125.6, 148.6, and 190.6 minutes, respectively. Postoperatively, data was analyzed for 32 (68%) patients with greater than 12 weeks followup. There was no recurrence of apical prolapse on exam after a mean followup of 60.1 weeks. Seven (22%) patients experienced symptomatic prolapse in the posterior compartment. There were two grade 3 Clavien Dindo complications, including osteomyelitis and mesh exposure. CONCLUSIONS RALS can be safely and effectively performed with other pelvic procedures with good outcomes. Concurrent posterior repairs may be considered in select patients.

2022-12-25T22:41:02.317Z

The problem of securing and protecting the citizens rights for the medical care delivery in the existing legislation is one of the most relevant in the modern Russian law. In domestic legislation the right to health and medical care is primarily enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. For example, the article 41 establishes the right to get free medical care in accordance with the state guarantees program of free medical care delivery to citizens, and to receive paid medical and other services. However, there are some peculiarities and problems of these rights implementation in minor patients. This article is devoted to the analysis of this problem certain aspects. In particular, it raises questions on the patient’s right to get information about his/her health status, enshrined in the Fundamentals (article 19) and the Law of the Russian Federation «On Protection of Consumers’ Rights of 07.02.1992». Quite controversial is the situation when the legal representatives of a minor under the age of 15 years strongly refuse medical intervention and hospital insists on it. Considering the features of the right ofminors to confidentiality, it should be noted that providing the information constituting patient’s confidentiality to legal representatives is not stipulated by the national medical legislation standards in case of minors over 15 years old. However, it should be taken into account that in case of harm infliction to a minor or unlawful interference with the minor’s health, the latters not having full legal capacity, are not able to protect themselves. Also in the current legislation in the field of donation and transplantation the problem of the minors lifetime donation regulation remains unsolved. In summary, it should be noted that, despite the relative development of the legislation on the minor patients rights, in reality unusual situations that create psychological, moral and ethical problems for doctors occur quite often.

2022-02-09T01:16:12.935Z

most embarrassing and are most felt as objectionable. In fact, interesting comparisons are made with the laws of the United States, West Germany and Switzerland, and contributions are made by speakers from outside France. They tend to show mainly that the French law is the most stringent on the manufacturer, denying effect to exoneration clauses and admitting liability without any proof of fault, through a presumption practically irrebuttable. Consumer protection is by no means the sole purpose of law. These French jurists are indeed concerned by the drawbacks of this total commitment of the Cour de Cassation to consumer protection, notably the additional cost that results for manufacturers and impairs the competitiveness of French products abroad. The book also contains sections on the liability insurance of manufacturers and on the penal law applicable to them. It includes two drafts by the European Council of an international convention on the matter.

2022-09-15T05:04:55.409Z

Abstract A variety of organic phases bonded to silica can be used effectively for the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of large proteins. These include octyl, octadecyl, cyanopropyl and diphenyl bonded phases. The differences in retention characteristics and selectivity among these bonded phases is demonstrated with several standard proteins.

2022-09-15T04:53:13.210Z

We analyzed the advertisement call of Paa spinosa at Yuliang Mountain, Lanxi, Zhejiang province, in eastern China. Temporal and spectral call parameters were analyzed, along with call intensity. Calls comprised of three to seven notes, the last of which had the longest duration. Three formants (harmonics) were clearly distinguishable from the audio spectrogram. The dominant frequency ranged from 411-1534Hz, and was either the first or the second formant. The number of notes within a call was positively correlated to air temperature, so that calls contained more notes during the day. Also, the dominant frequency appeared to be lower at the highest temperature (Current Zoology 55 (6): - 2009).

2022-12-04T00:33:23.029Z

We studied four patients (a mother, her two daughters, and her son) with bullous mastocytosis, or diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, whose genetic inheritance suggested an autosomal dominant pattern. The clinical characteristics included extensive bullae, numerous urticaria, pruritus, flushing, and pseudolichenified skin over all body surfaces without systemic organ involvement. The histopathologic findings disclosed a pronounced accumulation of mast cells in the dermis. Electron microscopic studies of lesional skin obtained in infancy showed round or spindle-shaped mast cells with numerous fingerlike villous protrusions. The cytoplasmic granules varied in size and shape, and the appearance of degranulation was markedly noted. In the adult, most mast cells had markedly decreased numbers of granules and cytoplasmic villi. Some cells displayed degenerative or necrotic appearances. These findings correlated well with the clinical course of these cases, which improved spontaneously over time.

2022-12-13T07:31:21.063Z

Objective: To describe the treatment of polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) with prednisone (PRED) and cyclosporin A (CSA) alone or associated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasmapheresis (PEX). Methods: Between 1992 and 1999 CSA and PRED were used to treat 20 patients with idiopathic myositis (12 with DM, eight with PM), diagnosed according to the Bohan and Peter criteria. In patients with refractory or relapsed disease, IVIg was added alone (seven cases) or synchronised with PEX (six cases). A standardised protocol was used to evaluate the patients, and assess disease activity and treatment response. Results: Despite a transient response to PRED and CSA in 16/20 cases, this combination did not induce full remission in 13/20 cases, which led to the IVIg trial with or without PEX. Patients receiving PRED and CSA plus IVIg had a significantly higher probability of maintaining complete remission at the end of the four year follow up period than those treated with PRED and CSA alone (p<0.001). No further benefit was added by the PEX. The presence of arthritis significantly correlated with a poorer response to treatment (p<0.05). Adverse effects were gingival hyperplasia (one patient) and transient renal dysfunction (one). Conclusions: This open study suggests that combined treatment with PRED, CSA, and IVIg is useful in patients with myositis, even those with refractory or relapsed disease; no increase in the number or type of side effects is seen.

2022-12-16T10:45:40.848Z

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has various biotic constraints in its production due to pest attack. Among these, common scab caused by streptomyces scabies is an important disease in potato which causes economic loss with respect to plant yield and quality of tubers. The present study was conducted to determine the pathogenicity, pathogenic variation, characterization of morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of Streptomyces associated with potato tubers grown in Rawalpindi district. Severity data and pathogenic variation of disease was studied by using different isolation and characterization techniques.

2022-07-06T12:17:07.308Z

• In the otolaryngology literature, little attention is given to pharyngeal gonococcal infections. In the past, gonorrheal stomatitis was emphasized; recent publications dealt especially with tonsillitis. A gonococcal focus in the tonsil is not easily eradicated and often leads to disseminated gonorrhea with arthritis. Homosexual contacts are of importance. Among 196 patients with suspected venereal disease (93 men and 103 women), 74 had genital or rectal gonorrhea, or both; two female patients had an isolated gonococcal pharyngeal infection. A positive gonococcal pharyngeal culture was obtained from one homosexual man who had tonsillitis. In all cases of tonsillitis in "young" adults, the otolaryngologist should be aware of the possibility of a gonorrheal infection. Even if there is the slightest suspicion, a tonsillar culture for gonococci is required, for which suction of the crypts is recommended. ( Arch Otolaryngol 102:94-96, 1976)

2022-09-09T03:00:36.888Z

A circuit design method for linear circuits is needed which will adequately predict circuit per formance as a function of component tolerances. This paper describes a method which weights the probable component variation from its nominal value into one of three groups; the group assignment depends on how seriously the component variation affects over-all performance This technique, identified as the quantized probability design (QPD) method, is compared with the absolute worst case (AWC), the Taylor worst case (TWC), and the uniform probability (UP) methods. The QPD procedure is given, based on the circuit performance equation. Two linear circuit applications are presented and analyzed whic show the effect each component will have on circuit performance. A comparison of design methods shows that the quantized probability design predicts less amplifier gain variation. Actual experience has shown that a closer correlation exists with the quantized probability design method, and therefore its use for linear circuits is recommended.

2022-09-15T05:12:59.979Z

, v. 85, n. 8, p. 1378-1383, August2010. Traducao de Luana Villac.** Nos Estados Unidos a medicina so pode ser estudada em nivel de pos-graduacao. Oscandidatos a escola medica devem antes completar uma graduacao no ensino supe-rior em outra area de estudo a sua escolha. Tradicionalmente, os estudantes optampor graduar-se em cursos focados em ciencias exatas e biologicas, seguindo o chama-do caminho pre-medico. O MCAT e o teste padrao realizado pelos alunos durante agraduacao para a admissao nas faculdades de medicina. (N. da T.)

2022-11-11T08:13:49.867Z

IgM/IgD‐bearing lymphocytes (B cells) from children in the first few weeks of life were found to also have surface IgG, unlike most normal adult B cells. The IgG was loosely bound to the lymphocyte surface and was partially or completely removed by incubation at 37°C or by trypsinization. When F(ab)2 antisera were employed, very few infant B cells had surface IgG, although the IgM staining was similar to that obtained with the native antisera. IgM/IgD‐positive cells bound IgG anti‐Rh‐coated (Ripley) erythrocytes, unlike most adult B lymphocytes. Capping experiments suggested that an Fc receptor on these cells could be redistributed by the anti‐IgM‐surface IgM complex. These data indicate that, during infancy, B‐lymphocyte receptors for IgG are of altered affinity, frequency, or availability compared with adult B‐lymphocyte Fc receptors and resemble the Fc receptors found on ‘third population’ (Fc + Ig ‐) mononuclear cells and monocytes.

2022-12-11T01:44:35.869Z

En los laboratorios de Quimica General, Quimica Organica y Bioquimica, se ha dado un estricto enfasis a la verificacion del conocimiento adquirido por los estudiantes, a traves de metodos tales como la preparacion previa, - tanto de alumnos, como de docentes- ; realizacion de pruebas cortas, discusion de la materia antes de iniciar el laboratorio  y, en forma grupal, al finalizar la practica. Asimismo, los estudiantes deben elaborar un informe en el que expliquen, con apoyo del material bibliografico actualizado, su interpretacion de lo ocurrido al culminar la experiencia. Estas acciones despiertan su interes a lo largo del semestre, lo cual se traduce en una elevada promocion.

2022-12-10T21:22:29.468Z

35 tons hydraulic overturning machine is the operating equipment that is mainly to make steel coil turn 90 ° and keep steel coil change from vertical position to level position or on the reverse. Because the dead weight value of overturning machine is extreme and the coil's weight which needs to turn is very heavy, the strength of equipment that is a very important design parameter plays a decisive role in the device security. By using the finite element analysis function of COSMOS Works to analyze the strength of overturning machine, which simplifies the design process, improves the design reliability and has value for the design of steel coil overturning machine.

2022-12-14T22:25:14.072Z

This paper reports investigation of stress in ScAlN thin films deposited on 4-in silicon wafers at various substrate temperature. ScAlN has a 5 times higher piezoelectric constant, but simultaneously ScAlN thin film has a large film stress. To relax the stress, the substrate temperature was changed between 170 and 250°C. Film stress, crystal quality, piezoelectric constant, and Sc concentration was investigated for the deposited ScAlN films. The film stress was relaxed as the substrate temperature increases.

2022-12-30T01:09:36.417Z

For the approval of generic drug products, bioavailability/bioequivalence studies are often conducted to demonstrate that the drug absorption profiles in terms of the extent and rate of absorption of test products are bioequivalent to those of the innovative drug product. The bioavailability/bioequivalence studies are often conducted under a standard two-sequence, two-period (2x2) crossover design. Under the standard 2x2 crossover design, statistical methods are well established for the assessment of bioequivalence. However, it is a concern whether approved generic drug products can be used safely and interchangeably. In this article, drug interchangeability under a replicated crossover bioavailability/bioequivalence study is discussed. Several controversial statistical issues that are commonly encountered in the assessment of bioequivalence are discussed. In addition, some frequently asked questions during regulatory submissions are reviewed. Recommendations regarding possible resolutions are made whenever possible. Some concluding remarks on the feasibility of the application of current methods for bioequivalence to the assessment of biosimilarity of follow-on biologics are also presented.

2022-09-30T14:19:51.104Z

1) Introduction Jessica Meyer I. Trench Cultures 2) The Propinquity of Place: home, landscape and soldier poets of the Great War Keith Grieves 3) A War Unimagined: Food, memory and the rank and file soldier Rachel Duffett 4) 'Tailoring in the Trenches': Production and consumption of First World War British army uniform Jane Tynan II. Women and Culture 5) 'All That is Best of the Modern Woman?': Representations of paramilitary women war workers in British popular culture, 1914-1938 Krisztina Robert 6) 'Play at Being Soldiers'? British women, fashion and military uniform in the First World War Lucy Noakes 7) 'Wartime Hysterics': Alcohol, women and the politics of wartime social purity Stella Moss 8) Best Boys and Aching Hearts: the rhetoric of romance as social control in magazines for young women Carol Acton III. Memorial Cultures 9) The British Veterans Movement, 1917-1921 Douglas Higbee 10) The Old Front Line: Returning to the battlefields in the writings of ex-servicemen John Pegum 11) 'A Sting of Remembrance!': Collective memory and its forgotten armies Eugene Michail 12) The Last War: The legacy of the First World War in 1940s British Fiction Victoria Stewart IV. Cultures of Memory 13) 'Reaching out to the Past': Memory in Contemporary British First World War Narratives Virginie Renard 14) Popular Mnemonics of the First World War: The Unknown Soldier and Distant Bridges Claudia Sternberg 15) 'How much of an 'experience' do we want the public to receive?': Trench reconstruction and popular images of the Great War Richard Espley 16) 'If It Had Happened Otherwise': First World War exceptionalism in counterfactual history Stephen Badsey

2022-11-22T18:00:52.906Z

Verification of operation parameters of VVER-1200 NPP Simulator installed at Nuclear Training Center, VINATOM has been performed. This simulator has been supplied for Vietnam in the framework of IAEA TC Project VIE2010 on Developing Nuclear Power Infrastructure—Phase II hosted by the Vietnam Atomic Energy Agency (VAEA). The comparison of the main parameters in nominal power operation with design data given in safety analysis report of VVER-1200/V392M as well as Ninh Thuan FSSAR is presented. In this study, the reactor coolant coast-down transient is investigated using the VVER-1200 NPP simulator. The simulated results performed in the simulator through switching off one reactor coolant pump in comparisons with experiment results performed in VVER-1000 reactor are given. The similarity between the measured and simulated results shows that the thermal hydraulic characteristics and the control protection systems are modeled in a reasonable way. A good agreement in operating parameters was found between the VVER-1200 NPP simulator and VVER-1200/V392M’s PSAR.

2022-12-15T18:39:05.178Z

Human activity recognition (HAR) from time series sensor data collected by low cost inertial sensors attached to small portable devices like smartphones are increasingly gaining attention in various fields especially for health care, medical, millitary and security applications. The need for efficient time series data analysis for recognition of human activities has enhanced research efforts in this area. For correct recognition of human activities, efficient feature selection from the time series data is important. In this work an approach for dynamic feature extraction from time series human activity data is proposed and classification results with dynamic features and static features are compared. The efficiency of dynamic features over static features are noted by simulation experiments with benchmark data set with different classifiers available in machine learning domain. Experiments are also done with convolutional neural networks(CNN) for activity recognition using extracted dynamic features. It is found that CNN provides better recognition accuracy for dynamic activity recognition with dynamic features compared to conventional classifiers such as multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine(SVM) or k-nearest neighbour(KNN) though it takes higher computational time and memory resources.

2022-12-16T00:05:13.240Z

Bovine viral diarrhea virus RNA was translated in a reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing system. The purified, 8.2-kilobase, virus-specific RNA species was unable to serve an an efficient message unless it was denatured immediately before translation. In this case, several polypeptides, ranging in molecular weight from 50,000 to 150,000 and most of which were immunoprecipitated by bovine viral diarrhea virus-specific antiserum, were synthesized in vitro. When polyribosomes were used to program cell-free synthesis, mature viral 80,000- and 115,000-molecular-weight proteins were detected; no precursor to the viral 55,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein was noted. The implications of these results with respect to virus-specific protein synthesis are discussed.

2022-12-17T10:20:22.048Z

Fluorescent nanodiamonds are frequently used as biolabels. They have also recently been established for magnetic resonance and temperature sensing at the nanoscale level. To properly use them in cell biology, we first have to understand their intracellular fate. Here, we investigated, for the first time, what happens to diamond particles during and after cell division in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. More concretely, our goal was to answer the question of whether nanodiamonds remain in the mother cells or end up in the daughter cells. Yeast cells are widely used as a model organism in aging and biotechnology research, and they are particularly interesting because their asymmetric cell division leads to morphologically different mother and daughter cells. Although yeast cells have a mechanism to prevent potentially harmful substances from entering the daughter cells, we found an increased number of diamond particles in daughter cells. Additionally, we found substantial excretion of particles, which has not been reported for mammalian cells. We also investigated what types of movement diamond particles undergo in the cells. Finally, we also compared bare nanodiamonds with lipid-coated diamonds, and there were no significant differences in respect to either movement or intracellular fate.

2022-12-23T15:34:04.742Z

Patient: A 72-year-old female patient presented to the prosthetic department of our hospital to request prosthetic planning after the extraction of a hopeless mandibular right first molar. The patient selected the removable bridge with magnetic bar attachment from several treatment options in consideration of the ease of oral care and repair, setting feeling, and the lateral and rotational stress release of abutment teeth. Discussion: The patient was highly satisfied with the bridge. The retentive force was excellently maintained four years and nine months later. The bridge was placed in the mouth among mastication. The oral hygiene maintenance was easily maintained. Conclusion: It was suggested that the removable bridge with magnetic bar attachment could be an option of the prosthetic treatment for dentate elderly patients to make oral care and repaires easier.

2022-02-11T06:57:41.532Z

This account documents some aspects of military radiology in the aftermath of the Rwandan Civil War of 1994. Following the genocidal conflict of April-July 1994, all radiographic services ceased in Rwanda, a nation of some 7,500,000 people. As part of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force, UNAMIR II, the Australian Medical Support Force established and provided, on an ongoing basis, sophisticated medical, surgical and intensivist care for the sick and wounded United Nations personnel, of whom there were up to 7000 deployed in Rwanda; and, as part of its humanitarian outreach, emergency medical and surgical care for Rwandese civilians. The Australian contingent of 308 service personnel established the Australian Military Hospital (the 'United Nations Hospital') in the former Clinic Wing of the Kigali Central Hospital. From August 1994 the Radiology Department of the Australian Medical Support Force provided the first specialist X-ray services as part of the re-building of the stricken nation and, over the ensuing year, provided a diagnostic service for soldiers and civilians with both chronic and recent war wounds, trauma victims in the aftermath of the Civil War, sick and injured soldiers and Rwandese suffering from any of the full range of medical conditions encountered in tropical Africa.

2022-03-03T05:41:14.263Z

Nowadays, metrics and data are widely used to make decisions and predications, give targeted recommendation, track personal health as the overwhelming belief of data being objective and trustworthy grows. However, the excessive trust on data also leads to its devaluation as people tend to enumerate almost everything, including body, reputation, relationship and even their own value. Our physical and mental world is changed with the use of data. This article tries to analyse the process of how metrics and data are used in our daily life by individuals, enterprises and social media. Furthermore, we also try to analyse the influencing mechanism of metrics and data on people’s behaviour and their notion of value and worth.

2022-07-11T01:20:55.092Z

In a global economy, the economic opportunities and economic success of a country or region are linked to the mobility of people and goods, with the intensive use of information and communication technology. The connection between the quantity and quality of transport infrastructure and the level of economic development is obvious. The transport sector plays an important role in today’s economy and society and has a major impact on the economy of a country or region. An efficient transport sector is a critical component of economic development. Certainly, the development of the country's transport sector is an indicator of its economic prosperity and success. Developed transport infrastructure and connected transport networks are positively correlated with a high level of economic development. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive effects such as better access to markets, employment and additional investment. When transport systems are underdeveloped and unreliable, they can cause economic costs such as reduced or missed market opportunities and lower quality of life. Assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of transport projects should be mandatory when making a decision regarding their implementation. Transport is the basis of trade infrastructure, it has a significant impact on the competitiveness of certain industries in countries and regions. Imperfections in the transport system negatively affect the efficiency of the economy as a whole. Conversely, the accelerated development of transport infrastructure and the improvement of transport and logistics systems can have a significant impact on economic growth and ultimately on the population well-being. The quality of transport services has a great impact on the quality of people lives. On average, 13.2% of the budget of each household is spent on transportation of goods and services. The transport sector significantly contributes to the economy of a country by providing jobs for a large number of people involved in vehicle production, traffic safety control, vehicle management, which enables safe and efficient movement of people and goods. In short, transport networks are the heart of the supply chain and the foundation of every country's economy. The transport sector also facilitates international trade. In the conditions of globalization, where no country can fully function in isolation from other countries, the transport sector is crucial for the development of trade. Without adequate transport infrastructure, national and international trade would be almost impossible, and developing countries would find it significantly more difficult to integrate into the global economy. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the development of transport and transport systems for the economy at the national and global level.

2022-11-18T02:43:27.532Z

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2022-11-05T17:39:16.218Z

Aims—To investigate the distribution and viral load of the most prevalent high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 and low risk HPV types 6 and 11 in a variety of cervical lesions. Methods—One hundred and seventy six cytological specimens from women with different cervical lesions were investigated. For an accurate standardisation of the sample, cervical cells were counted and a volume of the cell suspension processed by polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). Semiquantitative determinations were achieved in relation to an external reference titration curve. Results—HPV DNA was detected in 60.2% of the samples. HPV-16 was the prevalent genotype (57.6%), followed by HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV-6, HPV-18, and HPV-45. HPV-11 was not detected. HPV-16 showed a pronounced increase in prevalence with the evolution of cervical disease. Semiquantitative evaluation of the results showed that only HPV-16 DNA could reach very high values (> 1000 genome copies/cell) and a very high HPV-16 load correlated with the severity of cervical disease. Conclusions—Only HPV-16 load appears to be associated with the severity of cervical disease.

2022-12-30T00:59:43.614Z

The rate of secretion of prostacyclin (PGI2) into the circulation of normal man was estimated by measurement of the 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (D) and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (KDD) urinary metabolites of PGI2. Subjects received 6-h intravenous infusions of vehicle alone and PGI2 at 0.1, 0.4, and 2.0 ng/kg per min in random order. The fractional elimination of the metabolites was independent of the rate of PGI2 infusion. 6.8 +/- 0.3% of the infused PGI2 appeared as D and 4.1 +/- 0.4% as KDD. The regression of infused PGI2 upon the quantities of the two metabolites excreted in excess of control values permitted estimation of the rate of entry of endogenous PGI2 into the circulation corresponding to a given quantity of metabolite excreted. Using the quantities excreted in the 24 h from commencement of the infusions the estimated rates were 0.08 +/- 0.02 ng/kg per min from D and 0.10 +/- 0.03 from KDD. Studies with exogenous PGI2 suggest that infusion rates 2--4 ng/kg per min are required to achieve the threshold for inhibition of platelet function (ex vivo) in man. Although not precluding a role for PGI2 in local platelet-vessel wall interactions, the much lower estimates obtained in this study suggest that endogenous PGI2 is unlikely to act as a circulating antiplatelet agent in healthy man.

2022-12-30T05:21:12.137Z

espanolLa poblacion penal tiene necesidades juridicas especificas. Mientras varias de estas guardan relacion con cuestiones judiciales propias del encierro, otras se vinculan a materias de indole personal. Cualquiera sea la naturaleza de estas necesidades, estas deberian ser atendidas por la defensoria penal penitenciaria, servicio especializado de la Defensoria Penal Publica (DPP). Este articulo presenta algunos de los resultados obtenidos de un extenso trabajo de campo con metodologia mixta en carceles y oficinas de defensa penitenciaria de seis regiones de Chile, en donde se realizaron 766 observaciones no participantes de primeras entrevistas en los penales, 616 analisis de carpetas y del Sistema Informatico de Gestion de Defensa Penal (SIGDP), 19 entrevistas a funcionarios de Gendarmeria y Defensores penitenciarios, 9 grupos focales con internos e internas de ocho penales, encuesta de validacion de resultados a 92 defensores y trabajadores sociales de la defensa penitenciaria del pais y panel de expertos, con el fin de proveer una radiografia de la defensa penitenciaria en Chile. Los resultados muestran como el ejercicio de la defensa penitenciaria se ve limitada por una serie de factores, pero especialmente por la superposicion de culturas, practicas y normas institucionales diversas. Se afirma que esta situacion se mantendra mientras no exista un derecho penitenciario que regule las expectativas y practicas institucionales en conflicto. Esta ausencia de derecho, se expone, termina dejando al arbitrio y discrecionalidad de autoridades administrativas la defensa efectiva de los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad. EnglishThe prison population has specific legal needs. While several of these needs are judicial in nature, others are related to personal issues. Whatever the nature of these needs, they should be addressed by the Penitentiary Public Defender's Office, a specialized service of the Public Defender's Office. This article presents the findings obtained from an extensive fieldwork in prisons and penitentiary defense offices in six Chilean regions, with 766 non-participant observations of first interviews in prisons, 616 analysis of folders and of the Computer System of Criminal Defense Management (SIGDP), 19 interviews with Gendarmerie officials and prison defenders, 9 focus groups with prisoners from eight jails, a survey to validate results with 92 responses of defenders and social workers of the penitentiary offices, and a panel of experts, in order to provide an X-ray of the prison defense in Chile. The results show how the exercise of prison defense is limited by a number of factors, but especially, by the overlap of diverse institutional cultures, practices and norms. It is argued that as long as there is no prison law that regulates conflicting institutional expectations and practices, this problem will continue. The absence of law leaves the effective defense of convicts’ rights to the discretion of administrative authorities.

2022-01-23T04:17:38.607Z

Human TAL1 wild-type allele is located in the vicinity of 1p32 and is approximately 15 kb in length. This allele, which encodes T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia-1 protein, is involved in the differentiation of both hematopoietic and erythroid tissues. T-cell acute leukemia is associated with the translocations t(1;7)(p32;q34) and t(1;14)(p32;q11) of the gene and the T cell receptor delta and beta loci, respectively, and is also linked to the translocation t(1;3)(p32;p21) of the gene and TCTA gene. The interchromatid fusion of the gene to the STIL gene is linked to T-cell acute leukemia.

2022-07-08T01:44:10.975Z

We describe a case of Ignatzschineria indica bacteremia in a patient with maggot infestation of a necrotic left leg wound. Ignatzschineria spp are an infrequent cause of infection in patients with wound myiasis. We review 16 cases described in published literature. Microbiologists and clinicians should be aware of uncommon bacteria, including Ignatzschineria spp, that may cause infection in patients with maggot-infested wounds such that these organisms are appropriately worked up and treated when found in clinical specimens.

2022-12-10T13:29:43.037Z

AMONG MY MANY CHERISHED recollections of the years I spent in the United States, 1 remains outstanding because it is associated with what, due to my inexperience, appeared to me as something of a discovery. This apparent discovery took place quite casually one day, when I stumbled upon a bookstore which specialized in secondhand government publications and where could be bought, for $2 or $3 apiece, most of the Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology. I can hardly describe my emotion at this find. That these sacrosanct volumes, representing most of what will remain known about the American Indian, could actually be bought and privately owned was something I had never dreamed of. To my mind, they belonged rather to the same irredeemable past as the beliefs and customs of which they spoke. It was as though the civilization of the American Indian had suddenly come alive through the physical contact that these contemporary books established between me and their time. Although my financial resources were scant and $3 represented all I had to spend on food for the same number of days, this sum seemed negligible when it could pay for 1 of these marvelous publications: Mallery's Pictographs, Matthews' Mountain Chant, Fewkes's Hopi Katcinas, or such treasure troves of knowledge as Stevenson's Zuni Indians, Boas' Tsimshian Mythology, Roth's Guiana Indians, and Curtin and Hewitt's Seneca Legends. Thus it happened that, volume after volume, at the cost of some privations, I built up an almost complete set (there is still 1 volume missing) of Annual Reports 1-48, which belong to the "great period" of the Bureau of American Ethnology. At that time, I was far from imagining that a few months later I would be invited by the Bureau to become a contributor to 1 of its major undertakings: the 7-volume Handbook of South American Indians. Notwithstanding this close association and the years that have since elapsed, the work of the Bureau of American Ethnology has lost for me none of its glamour, and I still feel toward it an admiration and respect which are shared by innumerable scholars the world over. Since it so happens that in the same year that marks the 200th Anniversary of James Smithson, the life of the Bureau has come to an end (though its activities are carried on under a new guise), the time may be fitting to pay tribute both to the memory of the founder of the Smithsonian Institution and to the Bureau which has been one of its greatest achievements. Ever since it was founded in 1879 (emancipating ethnology from geography and geology, with which it had until then been merged), not only did the Bureau avail itself fully of the amazing opportunity provided by the presence of scores of native tribes at a few hours' or days' travel from the great cities, but also "the accounts of custom and culture published by the Bureau compare in thoroughness and quality of reporting with modern ethnographic studies" (Lienhardt 1964:24). We are indebted to the Bureau for instituting standards of scholarship that still guide us, even though we but rarely succeed in attaining them. Above all, the collection of native texts and factual observations contained in the 48 major Reports and certain of the subsequent ones, in the 200 or so Bulletins, and in the Miscellaneous Publications is so impressive that after nearly a century of use only the surface of it has been scratched. This being the case, one can only wonder at the neglect in to which this invaluable material has temporarily fallen. The day will come when the last primitive culture will have disappeared from the earth, compelling us to realize only too late that the fundamentals of mankind are irretrievably lost. Then, and for centuries to come, as happened in the case of our own ancestral civilizations, hosts of scholars will devote themselves to reading, analyzing, and commenting upon the publications of the Bureau of American Ethnology, which preserve so much more than has been preserved of other bygone cultures (not to mention the unpublished manuscripts placed in the Bureau's custody). And, if ever we succeed in enlarging our narrow-minded humanism to include each and every expression of human nature, thereby perhaps ensuring to mankind a more harmonious future, it is to undertakings such as those of the Bureau of American Ethnology that we shall owe it. However, nothing could be farther from my mind than the notion that the work of the Bureau belongs to the past; I believe, on the contrary, that all of us, together with its legal successor, the Office of Anthropology, should seek in these achievements a living inspiration for the scientific task ahead of us. It has become the fashion in certain circles to speak of anthropology as a science on the wane, on account of the rapid disappearance of its traditional subject matter: the so-called primitives. Or else it is claimed that in order to survive, anthropology should abandon

2022-12-21T17:40:49.559Z

The article is devoted to the analysis of the social situation of disenfranchised citizens. The object of the study is an ordinary citizen of the USSR: a former rural teacher and the wife of a priest Serafima Aleksandrovna Kilina (born in 1888), the subject of the article is the reconstruction of her biography. The methodological basis of the research is the anthropological approach and the synthesis of macro- and micro-history. The main source of the study is the personal file of a citizen who filed a petition before the election commission to restore their electoral rights. The personal file is a complex and multi-component source, which contains documents reflecting the quasi-judicial procedure for considering the applicant's appeal, as well as necessary and sufficient materials for making a decision, received at the initiative of the applicant or members of the election commission. The source base is supplemented by legal acts regulating the deprivation and restoration of voting rights. Materials of S. A. Kilina's personal file contain significant factual data that allow us to reconstruct her biography; they describe the bureaucratic procedures figuratively and in detail; they contain fragments of direct speech of the participants of the events, which makes this historical source very valuable. S. A. Kilina's biography includes both typical and unique facts that allow us to expand our understanding of the procedure for disenfranchisement and employment practices in early Soviet society. The fate of the citizen in the transition era allows us to reflect the process of social construction of the "new person", which, contrary to the declared goals, not only provoked downward social mobility and negative social selection, but could have more tragic consequences.

2022-02-07T20:06:31.169Z

The objective of this article is to propose, describe and exemplify the use of JPIAspectZ, an extension of the aspect-oriented formal language AspecrtZ for the formal requirements specification of software applications. Since the main JPI features are the join point interfaces definition, this article shows how JPIAspectZ also support these JPI properties in a formal requirements specification context. The Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), by mean of aspects modules, permits solving a few modularization issues of the Object-Oriented Software Development (OOSD) approach, but AOSD adds implicit dependencies between classes and aspects. The AOSD-JPI methodology defines join point interfaces between advisable artifacts and adviser aspects, thus solving the implicit dependencies of traditional AOSD AspectJ style for the modular software production. This article concludes that join point interfaces, as mediators between classes and aspects are perfectly specifiable in a formal way by the JPIAspectZ language proposal.

2022-02-08T11:09:17.762Z

Although almost three decades have passed since the fall of the Colonels’ regime and the instauration of democracy in Greece in 1974, a large proportion of the publications on contemporary Greek politics still concern the immediate post-authoritarian period. Books and articles on the transition to and consolidation of democracy abound, as do those covering the first phases of organizational and ideological development of the major new post-1974 political parties the socialist PASOK and conservative Nea Dimokratia (ND). Developments since 1990 including such interesting changes as the emergence of PASOK’s new leadership, governing style and ideology after the death of its founder, A. Papandreou; ND’s leadership change; the modernization of political institutions (including the revision of the Constitution and the emergence of independent administrative authorities); and the evolution of particular public policy domains have attracted much less scholarly attention. This may be partly owing to the difficulties of conducting fieldwork in Greece and partly to the lack of good theory about the development of new democracies which have passed the consolidation phase. In the meantime, as is well known, there have been a lot of theoretical debates on the consolidation of new democracies. It is to such theoretical

2022-02-09T02:10:50.627Z

Assessment for learning (AfL) or formative evaluation is not a new concept for academic anesthesiologists. This has been the primary teaching method in medicine for decades. What is new for the faculty is the recent research in assessment and recommendations for effective application, which has produced vernacular and identifiable best practices. This chapter will discuss these best practices and the associated language of the AfL. In the next chapter, we will summarize the assessment of learning (AoL), which has the summative evaluation as its major component. As we will explain in this chapter, the major component of AfL is the formative evaluation. Formative evaluations can be defined as seeking and interpreting evidence for use by learners and their teachers to decide the following: (1) where the learners are on their learning curve, (2) what they have left to achieve, and (3) how best to progress to achieve it. Just as with the AoL, where several summative evaluation tools must be applied to make a proper assessment, AfL requires several formative evaluations to make a sound assessment. Formative evaluations differ from summative evaluations in purpose, intent, and application. Applying a summative evaluation tool repetitively does not make it formative, though it can have some weak formative properties. Scoring a formative evaluation tool does not necessarily make is summative, though if carried out correctly, a summative assessment of formative information can be validly produced. Evaluations (summative or evaluative) are like bullets being fired

2022-08-24T12:19:04.211Z

The air and herbage fungal flora of permanent pasture at Nappan, Nova Scotia, has been sampled by means of a mobile spore trap during the spring, summer, and fall of 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, and 1972. In 1968 and 1972 a random sample of the isolates collected was grown in the laboratory and the cultures obtained screened for their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. In 1967, 1968, and 1972 about 25% of the isolates tested produced metabolites that were inhibitory to growth. The summer efflorescence observed in all 5 years was not accompanied by a corresponding surge of antibiotic-producing organisms, except in the early summer and fall. Five of the six most commonly found species, when collected in the fall, were more likely to produce antibiotics than the same species isolated in the spring and early summer. This changing faculty of this fungal population to produce antibiotics as the season advances was observed whether bacteria, fungi, or algae were used as test organisms. The r...

2022-09-08T22:46:19.963Z

Abstract This study examines current governance structures related to multifamily buildings designed by single actors (developers) and operated in cooperative forms. The study analyses the long-term sustainability of the resource regime of study (multifamily buildings) and inked governance structures by applying Ostrom’s eight design principles for long-term survival of self-organized resource regimes (Common-pool resources or CPR’s). The study also searches for signs of movement towards social innovation and collective action in current governance structures. We argue that the structures governing planning, production and operation of housing cooperatives in Sweden do not fulfil the eight design principles for the long-term survival of the resource regime of study, nor do they encourage movement towards social innovation or collective action. In order to ensure the long-term survival of the resource regime of study and to increase innovation in governance structures, five adjustments are proposed; changes in the structures governing risk/profit distribution, communication, collaboration and information between actors in the Swedish cooperative housing sector.

2022-12-04T17:53:03.859Z

We discuss the condensation of relativistic spin-one fields at high chemical potential. This phenomenon leads to the spontaneous breaking of rotational invariance, together with the breaking of internal symmetries.

2022-12-12T01:20:51.512Z

We have implemented a simple modification of the ICTM image restoration algorithm that reduces the computational requirements considerably. The modified algorithm converges to the same solution as alternative approaches for computing non‐negatively constrained Tikhonov solutions. It compares favourably with these algorithms in terms of speed.

2022-12-12T03:23:35.418Z

The code ionospheric bias, also known as the Differential Code Bias (DCB), is an important correction term for single-frequency receiver. This paper proposes a new method to estimate the biases as well as the vertical ionospheric delays using Kriging estimator with a network of receivers. Kriging estimates an unknown variable based on a set of known parameters and a variogram describing the spatial correlation. It is the best estimator in the sense of minimizing the estimation variance. Kriging method is proposed, as it could reconstruct the vertical delays based on a subset to overcome the rank deficiency. A Kalman filter is introduced, and a sub-optimum solution has been obtained based on an iterative Greedy Algorithm. Simulation results have shown cm-level accuracy on the ionospheric bias estimates. The algorithm has also been applied with real GPS data for multiple days, which showed high bias repeatability. The bias estimates have been verified by comparison with published values.

2022-12-14T23:46:59.766Z

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is one of the most studied topics in many mega cities because of rapid urbanization. The literature review showed a significant correlation between sky view factor (SVF) and UHI. However, this climate knowledge has low impact on urban planning process to mitigate UHI. More studies should be devoted to ways of mitigating UHI based on an understanding of SVF and planning parameters. This article first evaluates the effect of SVF on UHI in urban areas of Hong Kong by a sensitivity analysis in SVF and the air temperature obtained from traverse measurements. Second, this article reports a parametric study to link SVF with site coverage ratio and building height as two practical planning parameters, assuming constant land use density. To predict the phenomenon better, a comparison analysis between real urban areas and parametric models further calibrates the SVF calculated in the parametric models. The study indicates that by carefully controlling site coverage ratio and building height, urban planners could effectively increase SVF to mitigate UHI in high-density urban areas without losing the development efficacy of the land.

2022-12-26T20:12:47.144Z

The Society of USA is consisted of many different racial groups. It could be said that among these groups African Americans are the ones who suffered mostly from the segregation of the white male. However, there is a more disadvantageous group in African Americas as African American women who are segregated by not only while males but also black males. From this point, Toni Morrison becomes the voice of this suppressed group of American society in her novel Paradise (1997). In this study, the way Morrison represents the African American women is analyzed. For this analysis, the racist approaches and feminist approaches in American literature provides the analysis. From this point, the suppression of the African American women by religious and racist approaches is analyzed. By this analysis, how the African American women are segregated is told. Moreover, the relation of gender and religion, their effect on women and reflection of all these on real lives of African American women is told. Finally, the analysis of the work within these approaches reveals the representation of black woman and the effects of religion on their lives. Keywords: Race, Religion, USA, Woman, Man

2022-02-08T20:36:56.370Z

Dupas B, Pradal G, Muller RN, et al. Hepatocyte-mediated transport to the bile of AMI-HS, a particulate contrast agent. Invest Radiol 2001;36:509–517. rationale and objectives. The elimination of hepatocyte-directed particulate contrast agents has not been studied in the same detail as particles eliminated mainly by the mononuclear phagocyte system. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the fate of these particles by a multidisciplinary approach. methods.After intravenous injection of AMI-HS particles directed to the hepatocytes, rats were killed and cytological studies, by both electron microscopy and histochemistry, and spectroscopic studies of the bile were performed. The data were compared with a dynamic magnetic resonance study of the heart and liver. results.The particles were rapidly cleared from the blood by Kupffer cells and hepatocytes and then found first in the vascular and later in the biliary pole of the hepatocytes. After 24 hours, a relaxometric characterization of the bile showed the presence of unchanged particles in the bile. conclusions.These results show the capacity of the liver to excrete unchanged AMI-HS particles directly into the bile.

2022-02-13T09:12:45.357Z

Background: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been associated with massive bleeding and increased blood transfusion requirements. However, information on indicators predicting bleeding and transfusion in LDLT is limited. Recent studies have reported a correlation between red cell distribution width (RDW) and bleeding risk. This study investigates the association between RDW and intraoperative blood transfusion in patients receiving LDLT.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 2548 patients who underwent LDLT between January 2010 and October 2019. The patients were divided into four groups based on preoperative RDW quartiles: Q1 (<13.9), Q2 (13.9–15.2), Q3 (15.2–17.4), and Q4 (≥17.4), and transfusion requirement and surgical outcomes were assessed. The risk factors for intraoperative transfusion were evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. The predictive power of RDW was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis.Results: There were significant differences in incidence of intraoperative transfusion according to preoperative RDW quartile (Q1 vs Q2 vs Q3 vs Q4: 47.3% vs. 78.1% vs. 91.8% vs. 96.2%, P<0.001). Q4 had poor surgical outcomes, such as acute kidney injury (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.44–2.54, P<0.001). In the multivariate logistic analysis, RDW, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, model for end-stage liver disease scores, and total ischemic time were risk factors for transfusion. In ROC and IDI analysis, RDW had predictive power for intraoperative transfusion (P=0.023 in IDI).Conclusions: Preoperative RDW is a potential predictor of intraoperative transfusion and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients receiving LDLT.

2022-03-11T09:05:31.968Z

About 20 years ago, a colleague in the hypnosis field said, “If I were advising newcomers to the hypnosis field about what to specialize in, I’d tell them the gut. That will be a bread and butter specialty in hypnosis.” (The metaphor was noted.) The time of this exchange was shortly after Whorwell, Prior, and Faragher’s (1984) ground breaking research that demonstrated the emotional reactivity of the gut and the ameliorative effects of hypnosis. The subsequent “decade of the brain” further delineated the secrets of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with its innate nervous system, its critical relationship to the body’s survival mechanisms, and its rich bidirectional communication with the brain. The latter is now referred to as the brain–gut axis. With this history of interest in the gut, it was a welcome surprise when Stephen Lankton, AJCH Editor-in-Chief, asked me to be the guest editor for this special issue. He encouraged me to use my international contacts as President of the International Society of Hypnosis as well as my expertise on functional disorders and hypnosis to invite contributors. My vision was to create an issue that balanced research and clinical perspectives, was developmentally attuned, drew from key figures around the world and was integrative while emphasizing the importance of the hypnotic skill set for the treatment of GI disorders. As you will read in this issue, the proliferation of research and the deeper understanding of how to apply hypnotic principles has established hypnosis as an integral part of treatment for many GI disorders, the umbrella term under which is housed a mouthwatering alphabet soup of diagnoses, including, FAPS, IBS, IBD, UC, CD, EHv, GERD, PDS, EPS. This applies especially to the broad class of health problems collectively

2022-06-26T06:45:08.866Z

Analytical transmission electron microscopy of thin-foil cross sections has been used to examine the oxidation behavior of hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride (Si3N4) materials. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) cross sections are prepared by a special technique that provides electron transparency through the entire oxide, interfacial, subscalar, and matrix regions simultaneously. The materials are oxidized in an alumina furnace at 1250°C for 100 h. TEM investigation indicates that oxidation of Si3N4 occurs in an oxidation reaction zone that is comprised of the scale, oxide/matrix interface, and subscalar regions; therefore, the silica (SiO2)/Si3N4 interfacial surface area that is available for oxidation is very large. The oxidative attack on the Si3N4 grains is not uniform or sequential, and oxygen diffuses into the matrix before the surface grains are consumed. Gas bubbles, probably nitrogen gas, accumulate at all levels of the scale, and no evidence is found for the existence of an “oxynitride” layer. Disintegration of the secondary phase, Y2Si2O7, in the subscalar region is observed to occur, indicating that secondary, oxidation-related phenomena are occurring.

2022-12-19T19:43:17.155Z

A Technology file for the Magic layout editor has been developed in order to enable thick film circuit designers to evolve fast solutions for layout with design rule checking, and plotting of the masks of multilayer hybrid circuits. The hybrid design system developed provides for device placement, and automatic routing techniques, in thick film circuits. Device placement is done by recalling from the library the pad pattern that corresponds to the device to be positioned. Automatic routing is implemented not only in multilayered circuits but also in single-layer technology (i.e. two possible types of metal routed on the bare substrate) where dielectric tiles are automatically created at metal crossings, when an electric contact is not desired.

2022-05-10T00:28:48.936Z

Background: Anastomotic leakage of postoperative aortic dissection is an intractable complication with different clinical manifestations. It is important to detect and manage anastomotic leakage in a timely manner. This case report describes 2 patients who were admitted to the hospital with different clinical manifestations and were diagnosed with aortic root anastomotic leakage through imaging. Both patients received transcatheter closure treatment with definite early effects.Case presentation: Two middle-aged women with aortic root anastomotic leakage who were admitted with different clinical manifestations and received transcatheter closure.Conclusion: Paying attention to the clinical manifestations and imaging diagnosis of patients after aortic dissection surgery is important for early detection of disease progression. Transcatheter closure can be used as an alternative treatment who cannot tolerate secondary thoracotomy due to its small trauma and exact efficacy in the near and medium terms, but further follow-up is needed for long-term clinical outcomes.

2022-05-27T00:57:40.078Z

Organizations use lean principles to increase quality and decrease costs. Lean projects require an understanding of systems-wide processes and utilize interdisciplinary teams. Most lean tools are straightforward, and the biggest barrier to successful implementation is often development of the team aspect of the lean approach. The purpose of this article is to share challenges experienced by a lean team charged with improving a hospital discharge process. Reflection on the experience provides an opportunity to highlight lessons from The Team Handbook by Peter Scholtes and colleagues. To improve the likelihood that process improvement initiatives, including lean projects, will be successful, organizations should consider providing training in organizational change principles and team building. The authors’ lean team learned these lessons the hard way. Despite the challenges, the team successfully implemented changes throughout the organization that have had a positive impact. Training to understand the psychology of change might have decreased the resistance faced in implementing these changes.

2022-09-03T08:59:28.008Z

Local economy, based on animal husbandry in Northern Zagros forest leads to increase employing leaves and branches (pollarding) compared to the other parts of Zagros. Pollarding is a convenient method in forest utilization to supply fodder and it has been always trying to obtain its stable production by proper management skills. One of the most important forest management tools in a given forest is to provide up-to-date spatial maps of pollarded regions. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of multi-temporal Landsat 8 OLI sensor for mapping pollarding areas of Northern Zagros forests. So that, we employed Landsat 8-OLI single and multi-date images acquired on 2014 and 2015. To assess the accuracy of output maps, a complete ground-truth of the study area was used to calculate the accuracy heuristics for the output maps. Different classification approaches were applied including minimum distance and maximum likelihood classifiers, artificial neural networks and fuzzy method. The classification accuracy was calculated on the basis of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. The results indicated that artificial neural network and fuzzy classifier present the highest accuracy than the other classifiers. It was also found that utilizing the multi-temporal OLI imageries improves the accuracy over employing a single date. The results indicate that the multi-temporal imagery is moderately capable of mapping pollarded stands and classifying pollarding types, using ANN and Fuzzy classifiers.

2022-09-10T01:04:16.133Z

In a pilot valve system, the pressure in the control chamber of the main valve is straightforwardly affected by pressure oscillation in the downstream pipeline or the pilot tube. To solve this problem, an orifice is generally installed in the pilot tube to restrain the oscillation. However, the orifice is a nonlinear flow resistance; the amplitude of the oscillation alters the gain curve of the control pressure response. In this study, a linear flow resistance such as a porous material is employed to stabilize the pilot valve system. A test pilot valve was manufactured, and a pilot valve system was developed in the laboratory of the authors of this article. A mathematical model of the pilot valve system using linear and nonlinear flow resistances was simulated in MATLAB. The linearity of the P–Q characteristics of the linear flow resistance was confirmed, and a series of frequency response experiments were performed to examine the dynamic characteristics of the pilot valve system with various flow resistances. The experimental results were in accord with the simulation results. This implied that when porous materials were used in the pilot valve system, the gain of the pressure response did not vary regardless of the varying pressure vibration amplitude. Therefore, porous materials are suitable to be used in the pilot valve system instead of an orifice to enhance its stability.

2022-12-11T23:40:59.081Z

The kinetoplast DNA of Trypanosoma equiperdum is composed of about 3000 supercoiled minicircles of 1000 base pairs and about 50 supercoiled maxicircles of 23,000 base pairs topologically interlocked so as to form a compact network. Minicircles of T. equiperdum, which are homogeneous in base sequence, were purified by equilibrium CsCl centrifugation and used as starting material for DNA sequence analysis. One minicircle is composed of 1012 base pairs and has an adenine.thymine base pair content of 72.8%. The termination codons are uniformly distributed along the molecule and restrict the coding potentiality of the molecule to oligopeptides of about 20 amino acids. The molecule contains three dyad symmetries and a sequence of 12 nucleotides is repeated six times. We also noted the presence of a region of about 130 base pairs that is almost perfectly homologous with that of the minicircles from the closely related species T. brucei.

2022-12-18T05:38:45.297Z

Cultured porcine non-lymphoid cells, characterized by biochemical and morphological criteria, were derived from different tissues of individuals typed by serological and mixed lymphocyte culture methods for gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. These cultured cells have been used as stimulators in mixed lymphocyte-tissue cell cultures in order to investigate (1) the magnitude, kinetics and dose-dependence of lymphocyte transformation caused by tissue cells compared with that caused by lymphocytes as stimulators; (2) the relationship between the expression of serologically detected Ia-like antigens by tissue cells and their ability to cause lymphocyte transformation; (3) the genetic control of stimulation by tissue cells and by lymphocytes and (4) the expression and genetic control of lymphocyte stimulatory properties restricted to tissue cells and absent from lymphocytes. It has been shown that some but not all kinds of tissue cells can stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes strongly and that the characteristics of such stimulation are similar to those observed in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Strong stimulation by tissue cells does not always correlate with the expression of serologically detectable Ia-like antigens, but appears to be controlled by the major histocompatibility complex. There is evidence that certain tissue cells possess lymphocyte stimulatory properties not shared by lymphocytes. Preliminary data suggest that such tissue cell specific stimulation is not controlled by the major histocompatibility complex, though more detailed genetic analysis is required.

2022-09-11T11:28:26.615Z

Vibrational wave packets in the excited electronic states of H2 created by a single UV pulse are probed by a time-delayed second pulse of the same characteristics. The motion of the vibrational wave packet is traced by analyzing the signature of the 2pσu dissociative ionization channel in the proton kinetic energy distributions at different time delays between the pulses. Moreover, since the pump and probe pulses have the same characteristics, replicas of the vibrational wave packet are created at different times leading to interference patterns in the vibrational distributions of the excited states that are probed in the ionization channels.

2022-12-20T14:04:23.449Z

This paper discusses washing and handling combinations, fit-up, and joint design in high power/high production carbon dioxide laser welding. If a bad washing and handling combination is picked, one runs the risk of up to 30% leakers if a leakproof joint is desired. Parameters used for fit-up in high volume production is discussed. Finally, joint design discusses the entry side of the beam for lap welds, spatter problems, and joint design for stampings.This paper discusses washing and handling combinations, fit-up, and joint design in high power/high production carbon dioxide laser welding. If a bad washing and handling combination is picked, one runs the risk of up to 30% leakers if a leakproof joint is desired. Parameters used for fit-up in high volume production is discussed. Finally, joint design discusses the entry side of the beam for lap welds, spatter problems, and joint design for stampings.

2022-02-09T09:27:34.569Z

Analysis of 3-dimensional (3D) protein structure plays an important role of structural bioinformatics. The protein structure alignment is the main subjects of the structural bioinformatics and the most fundamental problem. Protein Structures are flexible and undergo structural changes as part of their function, and most existing protein structure comparison methods treat them as rigid bodies, which may lead to incorrect alignment. We present a new method that carries out the flexible structure alignment by means of finding SSPs(Similar Substructure Pairs) and flexible points of the protein. In order to find SSPs, we encode the coordinates of atoms in the backbone of protein into RDA(Relative Direction Angle) using local similarity of protein structure. We connect the SSPs with Floyd-Warshall algorithm and make compatible SSPs. We compare the two compatible SSPs and find optimal flexible point in the protein. On our well defined performance experiment, 68 benchmark data set is used and our method is better than three widely used methods (DALI, CE, FATCAT) in terms of alignment accuracy.

2022-09-05T11:22:45.181Z

In a previous paper it was suggested that a substantial 11-year period solar cycle influence may exist in tropospheric wind and temperature data. The current study reanalyzes a subset of the original data with the intent of better assessing the significance of the reported correlations. Extensive use is made of empirical testing; also employed is a maximum entropy spectral analysis. The new findings indicate that the correlations between the 10.7 cm solar flux and 300 mbar winter winds are not statistically significant. An upper limit on the percentage of variance in these winds explainable by a solar cycle influence is suggested to be ∼8%

2022-09-08T07:45:37.503Z

Our goal in this article is to examine the strategic interaction between terror groups, hosts, and the United States in order to better understand the parameters of the interaction and the elements of a winning strategy. We adopt a game theoretic approach assuming that each player has a well defined goal and accounts for the anticipated behavior of the others to develop strategy. The game that we develop is a repeated game in which the host and the US must decide whether to fight a terrorist organization whose membership and resources will grow indefinitely if left unchecked. Our model predicts circumstances in which a host will begin to push back against the terrorists in anticipation of a future involvement of the US. It also predicts circumstances in which the terrorist organization’s hatred of the US prompts attacks that seal its fate and early demise.

2022-09-12T03:40:51.432Z

Tick-borne bacterial and viral infections are widespread in middle latitudes of the Northern hemisphere. Natural foci of such infections coincide with geographic areas inhabited by ixodid ticks. Ixodid tick-borne borreliosis is a pressing issue for some territories of Russia, especially for the North-Western Federal District and St. Petersburg megalopolis as well as adjacent areas of the Leningrad District, where people may become infected after tick bite in recreational zones in suburban park areas. Currently, very few publications regarding prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in St. Petersburg area are available. In our study, questing ticks flagged in park zone (northern coast of Finnish Gulf, Kurortny District) were examined with PCR for carriage of pathogenic B. burgdorferi sensu lato complex. In addition, samples positive for Borrelia DNA signal were further genotyped with species-specific primers against rpoBgene fragment. It was found that Ixodes persulcatus dominated in this area. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. complex comprised 9.33%. Genospecies B. afzelii and less frequently B. garinii were detected. A mixt-infection with two Borel-lia species was detected in one sample. Interestingly, all Borrelia-infected ticks belonged to I. persulcatus suggesting a closer association for certain species in «pathogen-vector» system. Our findings are essential in investigating distribution of ixodid borreliosis foci in St. Petersburg and suburbs, obtaining new data regarding epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of this infection. It is noteworthy than prevalence of pathogenic Borrelia spp. vs. tick-borne encephalitis virus in vectors was higher thereby accounting for its higher morbidity. Comparing our data with those published elsewhere by European researchers allows to note that prevalence of pathogenic Borrelia spp. in ticks varies broadly in diverse geographic regions. It is necessary to take into consideration that prevalence of Borrelia markers achieves ~10% in ticks given frequent attendance of park areas near St. Petersburg that point at risk of developing bor-reliosis in recreational zones.

2022-09-30T01:05:32.431Z

Being at Genetic Risk: Toward a Rhetoric of Care. Kelly Pender. University Park, PA, The Pennsylvania State Press, 2018. 174 pages, $69.95 hardcover. Publisher webpage: https://www.psupress.org/books/titles/978-0-271-08212-7.html

2022-10-28T01:23:59.472Z

Abstract Eukaryotic protein synthesis generally initiates at a start codon defined by an AUG and its surrounding Kozak sequence context, but the quantitative importance of this context in different species is unclear. We tested this concept in two pathogenic Cryptococcus yeast species by genome-wide mapping of translation and of mRNA 5′ and 3′ ends. We observed thousands of AUG-initiated upstream open reading frames (uORFs) that are a major contributor to translation repression. uORF use depends on the Kozak sequence context of its start codon, and uORFs with strong contexts promote nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Transcript leaders in Cryptococcus and other fungi are substantially longer and more AUG-dense than in Saccharomyces. Numerous Cryptococcus mRNAs encode predicted dual-localized proteins, including many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, in which a leaky AUG start codon is followed by a strong Kozak context in-frame AUG, separated by mitochondrial-targeting sequence. Analysis of other fungal species shows that such dual-localization is also predicted to be common in the ascomycete mould, Neurospora crassa. Kozak-controlled regulation is correlated with insertions in translational initiation factors in fidelity-determining regions that contact the initiator tRNA. Thus, start codon context is a signal that quantitatively programs both the expression and the structures of proteins in diverse fungi.

2022-12-16T15:23:50.517Z

This article presents and discusses the results of a survey of a sample of Xhosa-speaking students at the University of Fort Hare regarding their attitudes towards the possible introduction of Xhosa as a medium of instruction at this institution. The research takes into account, among other things, the students' attitudes towards English and Xhosa and their opinions and beliefs about the introduction of dual-mediumship and its possible consequences. The survey was conducted with questionnaires and interviews and the results were first analysed as a whole, and then split into different categories according to gender, year of study, subject studied etc. This analysis indicates that while English is recognised as the dominant language in South Africa and, more specifically, in the domain of education, some categories of respondents acknowledge the usefulness of Xhosa as an additional medium of instruction. This survey clearly shows that it would make little sense to present Xhosa-speaking students at Fort Hare with a rigid choice between the existing English-medium and a dual-medium (English and Xhosa) policy and that more nuanced options would need to be offered. For example, respondents seem to consider the use of Xhosa as a medium of instruction more appropriate in the first years of study, for selected subjects and in some domains within the academic context rather than others. This study can be fruitfully compared with similar research carried out at other South African institutions. Moreover, the results of the present research can be used to inform future decisions regarding language policy at the University of Fort Hare.

2022-12-18T09:55:45.245Z

Virtual avatars in many applications are constructed manually or by a single speech-driven model, which needs a lot of training data and long training time. It is an essential problem to build up a user-dependent model more efficiently. In this paper, a new adaptation method, called the partial linear regression (PLR) is proposed and adopted in an audio-driven talking head application. This method allows users to adapt the partial parameters from the available adaptive data while keeping the others unchanged. In our experiments, the PLR algorithm can retrench the hours of time spent on retraining a new user-dependent model, and adjust the user-independent model to a more personalized one. The animated results with adapted models were 36% closer to the user-dependent model than using the pre-trained user-independent model

2022-12-18T13:24:35.538Z

Today’s consumer virtual reality (VR) systems offer immersive graphics and audio, but haptic feedback is rudimentary – delivered through controllers with vibration feedback or is non-existent (i.e., the hands operating freely in the air). In this paper, we explore an alternative, highly mobile and controller-free approach to haptics, where VR applications utilize the user’s own body to provide physical feedback. To achieve this, we warp (retarget) the locations of a user’s hands such that one hand serves as a physical surface or prop for the other hand. For example, a hand holding a virtual nail can serve as a physical backstop for a hand that is virtually hammering, providing a sense of impact in an air-borne and uninstrumented experience. To illustrate this rich design space, we implemented twelve interactive demos across three haptic categories. We conclude with a user study from which we draw design recommendations.

2022-12-29T18:29:26.224Z

Abstract In this study, refer to cases of domestic flower exporters, i mportant factors for flower export logistics were categorized and analyzed and efficient logistics processes were suggested. According to export profitability and product quality, important factors wer e categorized as quarantine, costs, lead time. By applying important factors, commonly using route- SHIM ONOSEKI, reverse distribution prevented route-HAKATA, Excellent market access routes-OSAKA were analyzed and efficient logistics processes were suggested.Keywords : Flower expert logistics, Export route to Japan 1. 서 론 한국 수출화훼 시장을 보았을 때 2013년 일본으로의 수출이 전체 수출액의 15,064천불 중 14,778천불로 전체의 98% 수준의 비중을 차지하고 있다. 화훼 수출 호황을 보이던 일본 시장은 2012년부터 환율하락, 유가상승, 수출채산성 악화로 이어져 한국산 화훼는 점점 시장에서 축소되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 일본의 소비 침체 및 엔저 현상 지속이 수출 가격 파괴, 물량 확보의 어려움으로 이어져 수출 화훼의 전체적 위기가 되고 있다. 편중되어 있는 일본 수출 구조가 경매 및 시장까지 물류비용을 지불하는 구조이기 때문에 최근과 시장악화로 인한 산업 위기에 수출 물류 효율화가 산업 위기극복의 중요 요소라는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 화훼수출업체인 R사와 K사의 사례를 중심으로 물류 루트가 화훼 수출에 미치는 영향과 이를 보안하기 위한 요소를 분석하여 효율적 물류 프로세스를 정립하도록 한다. Flower Export Status(Unit: thousands of dollars)JAPAN RUSSIA OTHER2005 1,004 30 02010 34,235 309 152012 26,579 523 312013 14,778 267 19Source: aT, Trading Information.†Corresponding Author : Kyung-Sik Kang, Industrial and Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea, E-mail : kangks@mju.ac.kr Received July 20, 2015; Revision Received September 08, 2015; Accepted September 11, 2015.

2022-12-30T01:02:35.589Z

Fünf Neuerscheinungen von und zu Siegfried Kracauer in ein, zwei Jahren: Das hätte sich dieser Autor immer etwas im Schatten seines berühmten Freundes Th. W. Adorno und anderer Mitgheder der „Frankfurter Schule" in den 50/60er Jahren nicht träumen lassen, als er bei gelegentlichen Besuchen in Deutschland Verlagskontakte zu knüpfen suchte. Inzwischen folgte der ersten exzellenten Monographie von Inka Mülder „Siegfried Kracauer Grenzgänger zwischen Theorie und Literatur. Seine frühen Schriften 1913-1933" (Stuttgart 1985) eine Ausstellung im Deutschen Literaturarchiv in Marbach, die der Persönlichkeit und dem Werk Kracauers gewidmet war und die dann auch in Frankfurt a.M., Berlin und New York gezeigt wurde. Das begleitende Marbacher Magazin ist bereits in 3. Auflage erschienen. Zur selben Zeit erarbeitete Thomas Y. Levin eine umfassende Bibliographie von Kracauers Veröffentlichungen (1989), die Editoren und Interpreten seither die Arbeit erleichtert. Die Zeitschriften „Text und Kritik" (1980) und „New German Critique" (1991) brachten Sondernummern heraus, von den zahlreichen Aufsätzen und Buchbeiträgen zu Siegfried Kracauer einmal ganz abgesehen. In New York, Weingarten, Paris, Berlin fanden Tagungen statt, die dem vielseitigen Werk

2022-02-09T05:33:02.241Z

We report new data on the formation and decay of the infrared absorbing, trapped electron (e−t) formed during the picosecond laser photoionization of TMPD in ethanol, propanol, butanol, and decanol at 295 K. The transient absorption at 1300 nm, formed ?3 ps, appears to decay on a time scale comparable to the picosecond formation time of the visible absorbing, solvated electron (e−s) in each alcohol. There is no discernible delay between the loss of e−t and the initial appearance of e−s. The results are discussed in the context of current models of electron solvation.

2022-08-29T01:15:37.828Z

This study examines whether and how reconfiguration of cooperation mechanism affects new product development in emerging economies. By using a sample of 167 Chinese firms, we find that reconfiguration of cooperation mechanism can strengthen new product development of firms. Further, we find both capability to influence government and capability to influence industry as external dynamic capabilities of firms in emerging economies positively affect reconfiguration of cooperation mechanism, and technological resource base of firms can moderate the relationships between external dynamic capabilities and reconfiguration of cooperation mechanism differently.

2022-09-13T05:23:03.636Z

Objective: To outline various sources of crash risk among young drivers that are developmental (age based) factors. Methods and Results: First, a distinction is made between adolescence (ages 10–18) and emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) in order to shed light on the reasons for especially high crash rates among 16–17 year old drivers relative to 18–25 year olds. Then various developmental sources of risk in adolescence are described, including the power of friends, the optimistic bias, and adolescent emotionality. The reasons for especially high crash rates among young males are discussed, with an emphasis on how American ideas about manhood promote driving risks. Finally, a cross national comparison between adolescents in the United States and Denmark shows how developmental risks interact with driving policies. Conclusions: The high crash rates of adolescents relative to emerging adults and of emerging adults relative to older drivers can be explained in part by developmental factors.

2022-09-15T00:50:23.428Z

In this paper, we present systematic modeling and optimization strategies for embroidery electro-textile patch antennas, including material characterization, detailed modeling, stitch density study, and surrogate-based optimization. A detailed full-wave model that accounts for the complex embroidery features is proposed, with the effects of stitch density analyzed and validated through measurements for both rectangular and E-shaped patch antennas. A textile tailored surrogate optimization technique is then implemented to accelerate the computationally expensive full-wave evaluation for the detailed full-wave model, saving almost an order of magnitude of the computation time compared with canonical optimization. The methodologies presented in this paper provide a pathway for both improved accuracy and efficiency in designing embroidery electro-textile patch antennas.

2022-09-29T21:00:31.543Z

Human-caused climate change is a dominant global challenge. Unlike other disciplines and fields, there has as yet been only limited attention to climate change in educational research generally, and in educational foundations in particular. Education is key to assisting humanity in mitigating and adapting to climate change, and educational researchers working within diverse disciplinary and methodological traditions and a broad array of research contexts need to engage in this most pressing of challenges. We argue that the field needs a new commitment to a form of educational justice appropriately scaled to the size of the challenge we face. We address this gap by reviewing current thinking on the human dimensions of climate change and summarizing what research has been conducted in the area of climate change education as a means of identifying a range of possibilities for educational research and praxis.

2022-10-20T13:51:15.276Z

Spiroplasma sp. strain GNAT3597T was isolated from the biting midge genus Atrichopogon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). It was serologically distinct from other Spiroplasma species, groups or subgroups. Dark-field microscopy of the cells revealed the classical helical shape and subsequent transmission electron microscopy revealed cells surrounded by only a cell membrane (i.e. lacking a cell wall). Growth of strain GNAT3597T occurred in M1D medium at 30 degrees C. Strain GNAT3597T catabolized both glucose and arginine, but did not hydrolyse urea. The DNA G+C content of strain GNAT3597T was 29+/-1 mol%. Only one strain, SMCAT (Spiroplasma mirum), is serologically related to strain GNAT3597T, although the relationship is weak (positive reaction to only a 1 : 80 dilution). It is therefore proposed that strain GNAT3597T (=ATCC BAA-520T=NBRC 100390T) represents a novel species, Spiroplasma atrichopogonis sp. nov. (class Mollicutes: order Entomoplasmatales: family Spiroplasmataceae).

2022-12-03T12:11:14.112Z

Based on the classical binary simplex code and any fixed-point-free element f of , Calderbank et al. constructed a binary quantum error-correcting code . They proved that has a normal subgroup H, which is a semidirect product group of the centralizer Z(f) of f in GLm(2) with , and the index is the number of elements of Ff = {f, 1 - f, 1/f, 1 - 1/f, 1/(1 - f), f/(1 - f)} that are conjugate to f. In this paper, a theorem to describe the relationship between the quotient group and the set Ff is presented, and a way to find the elements of Ff that are conjugate to f is proposed. Then we prove that is isomorphic to S3 and H is a semidirect product group of with in the linear case. Finally, we generalize a result due to Calderbank et al.

2022-02-09T19:20:14.573Z

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) can dramatically enhance the vibrational signals of analyte molecules owing to the interaction between plasmons and molecular vibrations. It has huge potential for applications in various detection and diagnostic fields. High-aspect-ratio rod-like metal nanostructures have been the most widely studied nanomaterials for SEIRA. However, nearly all of the rod-like nanostructures reported previously are fabricated using physical methods. They suffer from damping and low areal number densities. In this work, high-aspect-ratio Au nanorods are synthesized, and Au nanonails are prepared through Au overgrowth on the as-prepared Au nanorods. The aspect ratios of the Au nanorods and nanonails can be varied in the range of ∼10 to ∼60, and their longitudinal dipolar plasmon resonance wavelengths can be correspondingly tailored from ∼1.6 to ∼8.3 μm. The Au nanonails exhibit superior SEIRA performance with 4-aminothiophenol used as the probe molecules. They are further used to detect the common biomolecule l-cysteine. Numerical simulations are further performed to understand the experimental results. They match well with the experimental observations, revealing the mechanism of the SEIRA enhancement. Our study demonstrates that colloidal high-aspect-ratio Au nanonails and nanorods can function as SEIRA nanoantennas for highly sensitive molecular detection in various situations.

2022-12-09T14:31:52.856Z

A new control policy for process adjustment is proposed for an on-line control situation. The new procedure suggests minor and major adjustment intervals and is designed to overcome the problem of increasing variation of the process in which the traditional economic design of process adjustment is inadequate. Approximated solutions and algorithms are obtained for the process adjustment intervals. Simulated numerical examples and comparison with a traditional procedure show interesting results in which the new control policy can be applied advantageously and has many potential practical applications.

2022-12-19T06:19:52.534Z

The risk of blindness is 25 times greater in diabetics than nondiabetics. Medical, laser, and surgical interventions have the potential to enhance greatly the prognosis of maintaining useful vision throughout life. Patient education is paramount to improve comprehension of the condition, recommended treatment modalities, and compliance with prescribed regimens. Nursing assessments and interventions related to anxiety, discomfort, ineffective coping mechanisms, and immobility add a quality link in the multidisciplinary approach surrounding the delivery of care to patients with diabetic retinopathies.

2022-07-07T11:23:01.920Z

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of systemic or topical administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) after limbal transplantation of stem cell allografts in rabbits. METHODS Thirty-six rabbits underwent corneal epithelial debridement and limbal ablation to induce ocular surface disease and were then treated by limbal allograft transplantation. Animals received either systemic CsA (10 mg/kg per day, intramuscularly), 1% CsA eyedrops, or vehicle eyedrops immediately after transplantation and 28 days thereafter. Concentration of CsA in plasma and aqueous humor was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay after 4 weeks of therapy. Graft survival was inspected clinically. RESULTS Both systemic and topical administration of CsA resulted in a significant prolongation of graft survival. In addition, one of seven of the limbal allografts in either group of systemic and topical CsA survived >60 days on cessation of CsA. There was no significant difference in mean survival time between systemic and topical application, although plasma levels of CsA were significantly higher after systemic administration. However, a significant higher aqueous concentration was found in topical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Limbal allografts were stable in maintaining the reconstructed ocular surface under attentive postoperative immunosuppression. Topically administered CsA was as effective as systemic use.

2022-09-09T08:41:01.120Z

Tributyltins (TBT) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that disturb normal endocrine function including gonadal function in humans and marine organisms. TBT was administered through oral route to male Syrian hamsters at daily doses of 50, 100, and 150 ppm/kg for 65 days. Changes in testis morphology, immunohistochemistry of iNOS, 3β‐HSD, and 17β‐HSD, cholesterol transport receptor, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors were analyzed. TBT treatment affected each of these parameters to significant levels in a dose‐dependent manner compared to vehicle treated control. Real‐time PCR and protein analyses revealed that expression levels of ApoE and LDL‐R mRNA were up‐regulated in the testis of TBT‐treated animals while the expression levels of SR‐B1, LXR, PPARs α, β, and γ, SCAP, SREBP 1 and 2, 3β‐HSD, 17β‐HSD, CYP17A1, and P450SCC were down‐regulated. Leydig cells were isolated and separated adopting percoll gradient centrifugation under aseptic condition. The viability of Leydig cell was affected by TBT treatment in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Further, the mechanism of action of TBT was ascertained by siRNA transfection of ApoE, which was upregulated, and SREBP, which was down‐regulated. These observations led us to infer that exposure to TBT hinders intracellular cholesterol transport resulting in abnormal sex steroid biosynthesis and alteration of steroidogenic enzyme activities. Finally, we could recognize ApoE and SREBP as the major factors regulating genes that control cholesterol biosynthesis and steroidogenesis that ultimately inhibit the synthesis of testosterone. Therefore, ApoE is one of the important molecular targets that can be intercepted in context of male infertility/male contraception.

2022-12-07T19:16:37.347Z

The purpose of this research is the calculation of the exergy destruction of the single-flash and double-flash cycles of a geothermal power plant located on the ladder of the 233 m Cerro Prieto volcano, on the alluvial plain of the Mexicali Valley, Mexico. The methodology developed in this research presents thermodynamic models for energy and exergy flows, which allows determining the contribution of each component to the total exergy destruction of the system. For the case-base, the results indicate that for the single-flash configuration the efficiency of the first and second law of thermodynamics are 0.1888 and 0.3072, as well as the highest contribution to the total exergy destruction is provided by the condenser. For the double-flash configuration, the efficiency of the first and second law of thermodynamics are 0.3643 and 0.4983. The highest contribution to the total exergy destruction is provided by the condenser and followed by the low-pressure turbine.

2022-12-02T11:13:47.653Z

Nifedipine is an antihypertensive BCS class II drug which has poor bioavailability when given orally. The objective of the present study was to increase the bioavailability of nifedipine, by formulation and evaluation of a buccoadhesive liquisolid system using magnesium aluminium silicate (Neusilin) as both carrier and coating material and dissolution media were selected based on the solubility studies. A mixture of carboxymethylcellulose sodium and carbomer was used as mucoadhesive polymers. Buccoadhesive tablets were prepared by direct compression. FTIR studies confirmed no interaction between drug and excipients. XRD studies indicated change/reduction in crystallinity of drug. The powder characteristics were evaluated by different flow parameters to comply with pharmacopoeial specifications. The dissolution studies for liquisolid compacts and tablet formulations were carried out and it was found that nifedipine liquisolid tablets formulated from bioadhesive polymers containing 49% liquisolid system, 17.5% carbomer, and 7.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium showed the best results in terms of dissolution properties. Prepared formulation batches were evaluated for swelling, bioadhesion strength, ex vivo residence time, and permeability studies. The optimized batch was showing promising features of the system. Formulating nifedipine as a buccoadhesive tablet allows reduction in dose and offers better control over the plasma levels.

2022-12-14T03:39:03.020Z

Two family aggregation studies report the occurrence and co-occurrence of oral language impairments (LIs) and reading impairments (RIs). Study 1 examined the occurrence (rate) of LI and RI in children with specific language impairment (SLI probands), a matched control group, and all nuclear family members. Study 2 included a larger sample of SLI probands, as well as their nuclear and extended family members. Probands and their family members who met specific criteria were classified as language and/or reading impaired based on current testing. In Study 1, the rates of LI and RI for nuclear family members (excluding probands) were significantly higher than those for control family members. In the SLI families, affected family members were more likely to have both LI and RI than either impairment alone. In Study 2, 68% of the SLI probands also met the diagnostic classification for RI. The language and RI rates for the other family members, excluding probands, were 25% and 23% respectively, with a high degree of co-occurrence of LI and RI (46%) in affected individuals. Significant sex ratio differences were found across generations in the families of SLI probands. There were more male than female offspring in these families, and more males than females were found to have both LIs and RIs. Results demonstrate that when LIs occur within families of SLI probands, these impairments generally co-occur with RIs. Our data are also consistent with prior findings that males show impairments more often than females.

2022-12-23T18:00:48.578Z

Leaf litter decomposition in western Iberian forested wetlands: lentic versus lotic response Leaf litter breakdown is frequently used to measure both structural and functional integrity in aquatic ecosystems. Forested wetlands are interface systems that received little attention, especially in the Iberian Peninsula. The present study compares the decomposition of alder and willow in two biotopes (lentic and lotic) located in two different sites (Caxarias and Alpiarca). Litterbags were used to compare decomposition among the different treatments. Throughout decay, dry weight loss, nitrogen and phosphorus content, microbial community physiological profiles, microbial and macro-invertebrate colonization were measured at days 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64. Decomposition rates ranged from intermediate to rapid for alder (0.006 day −1 to 0.0338 day −1 ) and slow to rapid for willow (0.0024 day −1 to 0.0272 day −1 ), depending on site and biotopes type. The com- bined effects biotope × time was significant for heterotrophs (P < 0.05), molds (P < 0.05) and yeasts (P < 0.001). The analysis of average well colour development (AWCD), richness (R) and Shannon-Wiener index (H � ) based on the oxidation of carbon and nitrogen sources by the microbial community, showed differences between the two biotopes, lotic and lentic, and sites. These differences were also shown by the principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, the macroinvertebrate commu- nities clearly distinguished between lentic and lotic systems. The invertebrates belonging to Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were absent from lentic habitats.

2022-12-30T00:28:30.061Z

Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most important health challenges worldwide. Moreover, the prevalence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection differs among Iranian prisoners and the general population. The present study aimed to identify the patterns of HIV-related high-risk behaviors in male prisoners. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 2832 inmates were examined for HIV-related high-risk behaviors. The required data were collected using a questionnaire on high-risk behaviors, including a history of heterosexual and homosexual intercourse, and a history of drug use disorders. A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed to analyze the obtained data in WinLTA software. Results: Five latent classes were defined for the male prisoners, as follows: low-risk (20%), moderate-risk (23%), Injection Drug Use (IDU) (8%), heterosexual intercourse/methamphetamine use (38%), and high-risk (11%). The LCA results revealed that high-risk sexual behaviors, IDU, and sharing injection equipment in prisons significantly influence the classification. The obtained data suggested that a history of imprisonment was not frequent in class 2 (OR=1.0033, %95CI:0.9936–1.01) and class 4 members (OR=1.0053, %95CI:0.9929–1.0179). However, it was more prevalent in class 3 (OR=1.0164, %95CI:1.0068–1.0262), and 5 (OR=1.0211, %95CI:1.0129–1.0293). Heterosexual contact had the highest prevalence (75%) in this regard. The results showed that the lowest prevalence of high-risk behaviors was associated with morphine use (0.3%). Among illicit drugs, methamphetamine was the most prevalent drug (42%) in the studied subjects. Conclusion: The present study indicated a high prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors and methamphetamine use in the investigated participants. We observed the co-occurrence of HIV-related high-risk behaviors in male prisoners. Thus, providing safe sex education for prisoners is highly recommended. It is also necessary to pursue care programs about IDU as a key risk factor for HIV transmission in prisons.

2022-12-30T18:17:07.828Z

Organ transplantation for infants and children with lifethreatening illnesses has become very successful. However, this success is limited by a serious shortage of suitable donor organs. A variety of approaches to improve organ donation rates have been undertaken in adults but these approaches cannot be applied widely to paediatric patients because of physical limitations governing organ suitability and size. These limitations caused widespread discussion in the late 1980s and 1990s about considering the anencephalic infant as an organ donor, including the possibility of altering the standard brain death criteria to apply to the anencephalic in­ fant and of donation of anencephalic infant organs before death [1]-[5]. The potential to save the lives of infants dying from cardiac, renal and liver disease, and the desire to give meaning and benefit to the anencephalic infant’s family were presented as justification for changes in the medical standards and the law concerning death and organ donation from anen­ cephalic infants [6][7]. Official statements from the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) (1990) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (1992) affirmed that anencephalic infants were not appropriate organ donors and rejected arguments advo­ cating modification of the medical criteria of brain death and legal standards of pronouncement of death [8][9]. This updated CPS statement presents current information for clinicians supporting the previous CPS position that did not support the use of anencephalic infants as organ donors in the clini­ cal setting.

2022-09-10T23:53:36.945Z