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Mean motion resonances (MMRs) can lead either to chaotic or regular motion. We report on a numerical experiment showing that even in one of the most chaotic regions of the Solar System – the region of the giant planets, there are numerous bands where MMRs can stabilize orbits of small bodies in a time span comparable to their lifetimes. Two types of temporary stabilization were observed: short period (~10 4  years) when a body was in a MMR with only one planet and long period (over 10 5  years) when a body is located in overlapping MMRs with two or three planets. 
The experiment showed that the Main Belt region can be enriched by cometary material in its pre-active state due to temporary resonant interactions between small bodies and giant planets.

2022-09-04T12:11:05.912Z

For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the frequency synchronization and channel estimation are always tightly coupled with timing synchronization. In this paper, we investigate the effects of timing offset on the performance of a recently proposed subspace based joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimation scheme. It is found that this scheme is highly sensitive to timing offsets. An improved timing robust scheme is then proposed. In the proposed CFO estimation scheme, the orthogonality loss between two subspaces due to timing offset is restored by exploiting a reduced null-subspace. The missing taps in the original channel estimate are recovered by using an upper bound of the channel length instead of the actual value. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulations.

2022-12-08T23:56:59.155Z

Large-scale commercial platforms usually involve numerous business domains for diverse business strategies and expect their recommendation systems to provide click-through rate (CTR) pre-dictions for multiple domains simultaneously. Existing promising and widely-used multi-domain models discover domain relationships by explicitly constructing domain-specific networks, but the computation and memory boost significantly with the increase of domains. To reduce computational complexity, manually grouping domains with particular business strategies is common in industrial applications. However, this pre-defined data partitioning way heavily relies on prior knowledge, and it may neglect the underlying data distribution of each domain, hence limiting the model’s representation capability. Regarding the above issues, we propose an elegant and flexible multi-distribution modeling paradigm, named A daptive D istribution H ierarchical M odel (AdaptDHM), which is an end-to-end optimization hierarchical structure consisting of a clustering process and classification process. Specifically, we design a distribution adaptation module with a customized dynamic routing mechanism. Instead of introducing prior knowledge for pre-defined data allocation, this routing algorithm adaptively provides a distribution coefficient for each sample to determine which cluster it belongs to. Each cluster corresponds to a particular distribution so that the model can sufficiently capture the commonalities and distinctions between these distinct clusters. Extensive experiments on both public and large-scale Alibaba industrial datasets verify the effectiveness and efficiency of AdaptDHM: Our model achieves impressive prediction accuracy and its time cost during the training stage is more than 50% less than that of other models.

2022-11-25T14:23:04.315Z

Language performance assessments typically require human raters, introducing possible error. In international examinations of English proficiency, rater language background is an especially salient factor that needs to be considered. The existence of rater language background-related bias in writing performance assessment is the object of this study. Data for this study are ratings assigned by Michigan English Language Assessment Battery (MELAB) raters to compositions written by examinees of various language backgrounds. While most of the raters are native speakers of English, four have first languages other than English: two Spanish, one Korean, and one bilingual speaker of Filipino and Chinese (Amoy). Examinees were divided into 21 language groups. The IRT application FACETS was used to estimate and control for rater severity when calculating the amount of bias reflected by each rater’s set of ratings for each language/language group. Results show that the magnitude of bias terms for all raters for all language groups was minimal, thus having little effect on examinee scores, and that there is no pattern of language-related bias in the ratings.

2022-12-15T09:12:25.246Z

The agent(s) responsible for sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis in humans was serially transmitted in rhesus monkeys by intravenous inoculation of the stool extract from a patient. A novel agent called HFV (hepatitis French [origin] virus) was present as 27- to 37-nm particles in the infectious stool extract. Hepatopathic lesions were noticed in infected monkeys during the acute phase of illness. The purified viral 27- to 37-nm particles consist of a double-stranded DNA of approximately 20 kb and are detected in infected monkey liver. Analysis of cell culture detects the approximately 20-kb-long viral DNA in stool samples from infected monkeys and sporadic enteric non-A, non-B hepatitis patients. Furthermore, the 27- to 37-nm viral particles were able to protect monkeys challenged with infectious stool extract. Our results indicate that 27- to 37-nm virus like particles are responsible for sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis in rhesus monkeys.

2022-12-16T15:08:55.206Z

In this study, newly identified host interactors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins were assessed for a role in modulating the innate immune response. The analysis revealed enrichment for components of the nuclear transport machinery and the crucial interaction with NS3/4A protein in suppression of interferon‐β (IFNB1) induction. Using a comprehensive microscopy‐based high‐content screening approach combined to the gene silencing of nuclear transport factors, we showed that NS3/4A‐interacting proteins control the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF‐κB p65 upon Sendai virus (SeV) infection. Notably, importin β1 (IMPβ1) knockdown—a hub protein highly targeted by several viruses—decreases the nuclear translocation of both transcription factors and prevents IFNB1 and IFIT1 induction, correlating with a rapid increased of viral proteins and virus‐mediated apoptosis. Here we show that NS3/4A triggers the cleavage of IMPβ1 and inhibits nuclear transport to disrupt IFNB1 production. Importantly, mutated IMPβ1 resistant to cleavage completely restores signaling, similar to the treatment with BILN 2061 protease inhibitor, correlating with the disappearance of cleavage products. Overall, the data indicate that HCV NS3/4A targeting of IMPβ1 and related modulators of IRF3 and NF‐κB nuclear transport constitute an important innate immune subversion strategy and inspire new avenues for broad‐spectrum antiviral therapies.

2022-12-17T04:53:44.468Z

The article opens forms and methods of primary school students’ vocal and choral education in Ukraine. The analysis of musical and educating process in our country reveals to singings' dominance as a leading type of musical activity, the existence of foundations for the further development of national traditions of vocal and choral education of different ages children. Just the young generations’ interest to Ukrainian national art, the performance the best examples of folklore promotes to the provision of musical and educational and personal child’s development, the realization his creative potential. It offers the approach to organization of the process of involvement children to historical heritage of mankind and national culture. It considers the role and the opportunities of the extracurricular artistic and aesthetic activity in in the deepening and differentiation of students’ artistic knowledge and skills which based on co-creation and mutual respect. The article reveals the main vectors of extracurricular activities of the art cycle involving novelty techniques and methods. It defines the ways of students’ aesthetic education by the examples of Ukrainian folk music in the process of acquisition and improvement of vocal and choral skills that affects the successful solution of the problem. The author offers the organization and pedagogical methods of thorough mastering of artistic knowledge assisting personal creative search in the direction of vocal and choral activity in the context of Ukrainian national traditions. For successful reaching these goals it need to develop first of all social and cultural awareness, curiosity, adaptability and communication. It improve students' ability to assess, obtain and apply knowledge, to think independently, to make proper judgments and to collaborate with others in the context of analyzing new challenges of the future. The substantive aspects of vocal and choral personality education in the works of modern composers of Ukraine, which open new horizons for world perception and world understanding of our present, require further consideration.

2022-12-30T01:16:03.377Z

The residual welding stresses negatively affect the fatigue limit of welded joint, being the main cause for brittle fracture of metal, i.e. corrosion cracking. Therefore, the development of effective methods for control of welding stresses, characterized by low energy consumption and relatively simple realization, is traditionally an urgent problem for modern production. At the present time the methods for reducing welding stresses became widespread, based on the influence of pulses of electric current and magnetic field. Moreover, each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, and evaluation of their efficiency in the control of residual welding stresses represents an urgent problem. In the work the comparative evaluation of efficiency of control of residual stresses of AMg6 alloy of welded plates was carried out at treatments by pulsed electromagnetic field (TPEMF) and pulsed current (EDT), applying planar inductors. Using the method of electron speckle interferometry it was revealed that TPEMF and EDT reduce the initial level of welding stresses in the zone of pulsed effects to 100 %. 16 Ref., 1 Table, 4 Figures.

2022-02-11T19:36:20.841Z

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2022-07-01T02:39:30.385Z

This paper presents an automatic method for external and internal segmentation of the caudate nucleus in Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) based on statistical and structural machine learning approaches. This method is applied in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. The external segmentation method adapts the Graph Cut energy-minimization model to make it suitable for segmenting small, low-contrast structures, such as the caudate nucleus. In particular, new energy function data and boundary potentials are defined and a supervised energy term based on contextual brain structures is added. Furthermore, the internal segmentation method learns a classifier based on shape features of the Region of Interest (ROI) in MRI slices. The results show accurate external and internal caudate segmentation in a real data set and similar performance of ADHD diagnostic test to manual annotation.

2022-09-09T05:21:23.987Z

Drive voltage dependence of electromechanical resonance has been investigated in PLZT piezoelectric ceramics. With increasing the ac drive voltage, some electromechanical parameters change remarkably: the resonance frequency fm decreases, the anti-resonance frequency fn does not shift, the mechanical quality factor Qm decreases drastically, and the electromechanical coupling factor kr increases. On the contrary, these parameters do not change significantly with changing the dc bias voltage, keeping the ac voltage amplitude. The changes in the parameters can be computer-simulated theoretically by introducing non-linear capacitive and resisitive terms into an electrical equivalent circuit.

2022-12-08T22:47:19.587Z

This paper presents XL-STaGe, a cross-layer tool for traffic-inclusive directed acyclic graph generation and implementation. In contrast to other graph-generation tools which focus on high-level DAG models, XL-STaGe consists of a set of processes that generate the task-graphs as well as a detailed process model for each node in each graph. The tool is highly customizable, with many parameters that can be tuned to meet the user's requirements to control the topology, connection density, degree of parallelism and duration the task-graph. Moreover, two use cases are presented, a high-level one, which illustrate the benefit of the developed tool in application mapping and a circuit-level one to verify the accuracy of the XL-STaGe process models when implemented in hardware.

2022-12-16T20:54:06.797Z

This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (Acb complex) and to type carbapenemases. The relatedness of 45 isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acb complex collected from a clinical setting was analysed by PFGE. The carbapenemases produced by these isolates were typed by IEF, a three-dimensional test, 2-mercaptopropanoic acid inhibition assay, PCR and DNA cloning and sequencing. Results showed that all 45 isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics including meropenem. The resistance rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam and ampicillin/sulbactam were 2.2 and 6.5%, respectively. About 71.7-78.3% of these isolates were intermediately resistant to cefepime, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Forty-five isolates were classified into type A (98%) and B (2%) based on their PFGE patterns. Most of type A isolates were from the ICU. Type A was the dominant isolate, including subtypes A1 (22%), A2 (71%), A3 (2%) and A4 (2%). Only one isolate, from the haematology department, belonged to type B. Forty-three isolates (96%) were positive for carbapenemase. One isolate had two bands by IEF, the pIs of which were 6.64 and 7.17. The band with the pI of 6.64 was OXA-23. The other 42 isolates produced two bands with pIs of 6.40 and 7.01 which could not be inhibited by clavulanic acid, cloxacillin or 2-mercaptopropanoic acid. It can be concluded that the prevalent carbapenem-resistant Acb complex isolates from this hospital all had similar beta-lactamase patterns.

2022-12-23T02:03:39.646Z

Objective To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and treatment of bloodstream infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes in tumor patients. Method Clinical data, laboratory examination characteristics, and treatment of bloodstream infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes in 3 patients diagnosed by the department of oncology from March 7, 2017 to July 30, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 3 patients were all tumor patients and all of them were infected by Listeria monocytogenes. 2 patients got better after anti-infective treatment with penicillin and meropenem, but 1 patient died of critical illness when ceftriaxone was given as an empirical drug before the result was available in vitro susceptibility. Conclusion Bloodstream infection can be caused by Listeria monocytogenes in tumor patients, early diagnosis and rational use of ampicillin and other antibiotics should be taken actively to reduce the mortality. Key words: Listeria monocytogenes; Tumor patients; Bloodstream infection; Antibiotics

2022-02-08T01:30:21.790Z

There has been a large amount of slash and burn agricultural activity from ancient times in Northern Laos. This study focuses the environmental impact of slash and burn on the forest ecology by mean of spatial and temporal analysis of high resolution satellite data. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was also used for analyzing the relationship between the slash and burn and forest vegetation, topography and social factors. Then, the sustainability of slash and burn was examined by the ecological analysis of the shifting pattern and fallow duration derived from the image interpretation. As a result of study, a total of 89, 000 ha of slash and burn fields within 172, 000 ha of fallow lands were detected during the past 10 years. Although the recent increase of population pressure caused an expansion of slash and burn fields (11, 000 ha in 1987 to 19, 000 ha in 1997), most parts (80%) of those fields are still maintaining the traditional conditions of having more than 7 years fallow duration. It can be said that such slash and burn is sustainable because of its ecologically balanced cycle of cultivation. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that slash and burn agriculture is not always a cause of environmental deterioration in the study area. More important is the introduction of a well managed methodology of forest resources for future sustainable development. In this sense, it can be recommended that remote sensing and GIS technology play a more important role in the monitoring of slash and burn agricultural practices.

2022-02-09T18:31:16.831Z

The variable outputs of the Sun that influence the Earth's atmosphere include electromagnetic radiation, the solar wind, and energetic particles emitted by flares and other disturbances. Irregularities in the solar wind can also modulate galactic cosmic rays that impact the Earth. In addition, there are variations in the solar energy at the top of the atmosphere caused by long-term changes in the Earth's orbital elements. All of these variations are currently being imposed on an atmosphere whose composition and thermal structure is changing as a result of trace-gas increases from man's activities. There is need for a next-generation climate model that extends from the ground to the thermosphere that can be used to study the effects of solar variability on a changing atmosphere. Such a model will probably require an increase in present-day computational power by a factor of 10 to 100.<<ETX>>

2022-02-09T18:49:11.619Z

These two collections may seem to be worlds apart. One self-consciously explores the nature of archaeology and its role in modern constructions of “Europe.” The other has no qualms about archaeology as a discipline; its scientific and social values are taken for granted. What they do have in common, however, is a concern with issues of identity. At the heart of these two books is the concept of the “archaeological culture.” These patterned distributions and clusters of material culture traits, whether real or created by selection and emphasis, remain the building

2022-07-07T09:27:09.240Z

A response to Philip Ball’s feature article “Setting the scene for a quantum marketplace”, which discusses recent developments in the commercialization of quantum technologies and the question of whether the industry will live up to the hype surrounding it in the coming years.

2022-08-24T17:11:58.289Z

The structural alteration of human fibrinogen (Fbg) by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) was investigated using intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. In a preceding report, incubation of Fbg with cis-DDP under physiological conditions resulted in the cleavage of disulfide (S-S) bonds (N. Ohta, T. Yotsuyanagi and K. Ikeda, J. Pharmacobio-Dyn., 15, 611 (1992)). The intensity of fluorescence for cis-DDP-treated Fbg, in which 6.7 S-S bonds per mol of protein were cleaved, was reduced to 42% relative to native Fbg. CD studies suggested that the alpha-helix content decreased from 42% in its natural state to 29% in the cis-DDP-treated form. The extent of the fluorescence quenching and the decrease in helix correlated with the number of cleaved S-S bonds. The results indicate that cis-DDP leads to a secondary conformational alteration of Fbg involving a structural perturbation of nearby tryptophan residue(s) through S-S bond cleavage. In a buffer containing calcium, however, the smaller fluorescence quenching and the smaller helix decline were observed in cis-DDP-treated-Fbg, even though the same level of S-S cleavage occurred. Calcium binding would protect Fbg in terms of structural alteration as well as S-S cleavage by both dithiothreitol (DTT) and cis-DDP.

2022-09-01T05:49:43.940Z

We describe the complications of endovascular embolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). 164 consecutive patients with AVMs treated by endovascular embolization between 1998 and 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Over a five-year period, 292 embolization procedures were performed in 164 patients with embolization as the primary treatment modality (n=126) or as an adjunct to surgery (n =14) or radiosurgery (n=24). There were a total of 15 (9.1% per patient, 5.1% per procedure) complications in this series, of which 14 were clinically significant (8.5% of patients, 4.8% per procedure), and one was a technical complication (0.6% of patients, 0.3% per procedure). Excellent or good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale ≥4) were observed in 136 (82.9%) patients at discharge. Neurological deficits (Glasgow Outcome Scale 1–4) as a direct result of embolization were 7.3% at discharge. In a single-center, retrospective, nonrandomized study, 82.9% of patients had excellent or good outcomes at discharge after AVM embolization, with a complication rate of 5.1%.

2022-12-16T00:51:57.058Z

Changes in neighborhood status result primarily from the selective migration of income groups into and out of areas. These changes, in turn, are related to the chance of becoming the victim of a crime in a locality. Drawing on social disorganization theory, this study argues that victimization is more likely in disadvantaged neighborhoods as well as in neighborhoods where socioeconomic improvements are taking place. Gentrifying neighborhoods may suffer from social instability caused by the strong influx of new residents and from social heterogeneity, which is caused by the simultaneous presence of different income groups and, depending on local context, different ethnic groups. We test these hypotheses with Dutch victimization survey data among approximately 70,000 respondents, distributed across 2,500 neighborhoods within 500 municipalities in the Netherlands. The results show that, controlling for various individual, neighborhood, and city characteristics, intensive socioeconomic improvement of neighborhoods is related to higher victimization risk for theft, violence, and vandalism. In the Netherlands, high levels of residential instability in gentrifying areas are the mediating mechanism responsible for this relationship, while varying levels of ethnic and income heterogeneity are not. The results confirm that social disorganization is dependent not only upon the socioeconomic composition of neighborhoods, but also upon their socioeconomic dynamics.

2022-12-21T08:56:03.252Z

Objective:  The contribution of surfactant to the airway epithelial barrier is increasingly being recognized. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidycholine (DPPC), the major constituent of surfactant, is affected by lung injury. Hypertonic saline‐induced sputum is a convenient and reliable method of assessing airway cells and mediators. However, the influence of hypertonic saline on DPPC content of sputum is unknown. In this study the level of DPPC in induced sputum obtained using hypertonic saline is examined and compared with that obtained using normal saline.

2022-12-21T16:15:04.306Z

1. INTRODUCTION Over 40 yr have passed since the first Report of the Surgeon General warned of the health risks of smoking. In the wake of this report, public policies to reduce smoking incidence primarily relied on a combination of taxation, information campaigns, advertising restrictions, and bans on smoking in public places. More recently, as highlighted by the release of the 23rd Report of the Surgeon General in 1994, since many smokers begin consuming tobacco in their adolescent years, much attention has been given to reducing smoking incidence among youths. Indeed, many states have now enacted laws restricting youth access to tobacco. Utilizing a variety of restrictions (such as minimum purchase age requirements, prohibition of vending machine sales, and bans on the distribution of free samples of tobacco), studies, for example, Ross and Chaloupka (2004), Powell and Chaloupka (2005), and Taurus et al. (2005) find these laws have had varied success in reducing youth demand for tobacco. (1) Although the literature has devoted much attention to the impact of anti-smoking policy on cigarette demand, a few studies have taken a different track by addressing the demand for anti-smoking policy. In particular, studies, for example, Chaloupka and Saffer (1992), Hersch, Del Rossi, and Viscusi (2004), and Gallet, Hoover, and Lee (2006) have tied the state-level decision to adopt a smoking ban to a number of factors, including among others, per capita cigarette consumption, per capita income, cigarette taxes, political affiliation of lawmakers, and the importance of tobacco to a state's economy. Yet the literature has been silent in explaining differences in state laws restricting youth access to tobacco, and so this is the focus of our study. Specifically, we estimate a random-effects Probit model, which ties the probability that a state adopts a particular youth access restriction to a number of factors. For example, along with several other variables, we include per capita cigarette consumption and the per-pack cigarette tax as determinants of youth access restrictions. However, since these variables may be endogenous in the model, we devote considerable effort to controlling for this issue in the Probit regressions. (2) Briefly, although several variables are spotty in terms of significance, when we treat the right-side variables as exogenous, the results reveal that states more likely to adopt youth access restrictions tend to have higher per capita income. Yet when we control for endogeneity the results change, as increasing importance is attached to other variables (i.e., per capita cigarette consumption, the political affiliation of lawmakers, the percentage of the population living in a metropolitan area, the importance of tobacco to the state, and the cancer mortality rate) as determinants of youth access restrictions. In the next section, we discuss issues surrounding our empirical model. This is followed in Section III with a presentation of the estimation results. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of our results in Section IV. II. EMPIRICAL MODEL Youth Access Restrictions In our model, we address factors affecting the probability that a state adopts youth access restrictions. Specifically, state-level measures of youth access restrictions (for the years 1991--2000), which were obtained from Alciati et al. (1998) and the Impact Teen website (http://www.impacteen.org), encompass six measures adopted by states to actively limit youth access (i.e., minimum purchase age requirements, requirement that cigarettes be sold in sealed packages, requirement of sales clerk intervention when purchasing tobacco products, requirement that individuals who appear young show photo ID when purchasing tobacco products, ban vending machine sales of tobacco products, and ban the free distribution of tobacco products), as well as three measures addressing compliance with the law (i. …

2022-09-15T13:25:46.218Z

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors have analgesic effects in models of neuropathic pain, but can also produce psychoactive side‐effects. A supraspinal location of CB2 receptors has recently been described. CB2 agonists are also antinociceptive, although the functional role of supraspinal CB2 receptors in the control of nociception is unknown. Herein, we provide evidence that CB2 receptors in the thalamus play a functional role in the modulation of responses of neurons in the ventral posterior nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus in neuropathic, but not sham‐operated, rats. Spontaneous and mechanically evoked activity of VPL neurons was recorded with a multichannel electrode array in anaesthetized spinal nerve‐ligated (SNL) rats and compared to sham‐operated rats. Intra‐VPL administration of the CB2 agonist JWH‐133 (30 ng in 500 nL) significantly reduced spontaneous (P < 0.05), non‐noxious (P < 0.001) and noxious (P < 0.01) mechanically evoked responses of VPL neurons in SNL rats, but not in sham‐operated rats. Inhibitory effects of JWH‐133 on spontaneous (P < 0.01) and noxious‐evoked (P < 0.001) responses of neurons were blocked by the CB2 antagonist SR144528. Local administration of SR144528 alone did not alter spontaneous or evoked responses of VPL neurons, but increased burst activity of VPL neurons in SNL rats. There were, however, no differences in levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2AG in the thalamus of SNL and sham‐operated rats. These data suggest that supraspinal CB2 receptors in the thalamus may contribute to the modulation of neuropathic pain responses.

2022-12-31T15:50:58.453Z

Sampling-based planners are effective in many real-world applications such as robotics manipulation, navigation, and even protein modeling. However, it is often challenging to generate a collision-free path in environments where key areas are hard to sample. In the absence of any prior information, sampling-based planners are forced to explore uniformly or heuristically, which can lead to degraded performance. One way to improve performance is to use prior knowledge of environments to adapt the sampling strategy to the problem at hand. In this work, we decompose the workspace into local primitives, memorizing local experiences by these primitives in the form of local samplers, and store them in a database. We synthesize an efficient global sampler by retrieving local experiences relevant to the given situation. Our method transfers knowledge effectively between diverse environments that share local primitives and speeds up the performance dramatically. Our results show, in terms of solution time, an improvement of multiple orders of magnitude in two traditionally challenging high-dimensional problems compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

2022-12-29T19:05:35.859Z

In a culture where poetry is considered the highest form of human language, Gendun Chopel is revered as Tibet's greatest modern poet. Born in 1903 as British troops were preparing to invade his homeland, he was identified at any early age as the incarnation of a famous lama and became a Buddhist monk, excelling in the debating courtyards of the great monasteries of Tibet. At the age of thirty-one, he gave up his monk's vows and set off for India, where he would wander, often alone and impoverished, for over a decade. Returning to Tibet, he was arrested by the government of the young Dalai Lama on trumped-up charges of treason, emerging from prison three years later a broken man. He died in 1951 as troops of the People's Liberation Army marched into Lhasa. Throughout his life, from his childhood to his time in prison, Gendun Chopel wrote poetry that conveyed the events of his remarkable life. "In the Forest of Faded Wisdom" is the first comprehensive collection of his oeuvre in any language, assembling poems in both the original Tibetan and in English translation. A master of many forms of Tibetan verse, Gendun Chopel composed heartfelt hymns to the Buddha, pithy instructions for the practice of the dharma, stirring tributes to the Tibetan warrior-kings, cynical reflections on the ways of the world, and laments of a wanderer, forgotten in a foreign land. These poems exhibit the technical skill for which Gendun Chopel was known and reveal the poet to be a consummate craftsman, skilled in both Tibetan and Indian poetics. With a directness and force often at odds with the conventions of belles lettres, this is a poetry that is at once elegant and earthy.

2022-02-08T09:11:55.697Z

آب یکی از مهم‌ترین محور‌های توسعه و زیر‌بنای رفاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی هر کشوری می‌‌باشد و ارزیابی مدیریت آب، بخشی ضروری از فرآیند پیاده‌‌سازی و اجرای برنامه‌‌ها و پروژه‌‌ها محسوب می‌‌شود. شاخص‌‌های ارزیابی ابزاری قوی برای تصمیم‌گیران و مدیران آب در سطح حوضه‌‌های آبریز، به منظور فهم نقاط ضعف و قوت تصمیمات بوده و همچنین سبب اتخاذ سیاست‌‌های مناسب برای بهبود مدیریت منابع می‌‌باشند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی و انتخاب شاخص‌‌هایی منطبق بر مولفه‌‌های پایداری (شامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، محیط‌زیستی و نهادی) در ارزیابی مدیریت آب در مقیاس حوضه آبریز می‌باشد. روش پژوهش برمبنای توصیفی- پیمایشی و با ابزار مصاحبه و پرسش-نامه بوده است. پس از بررسی و استخراج شاخص‌‌های اولیه، شاخص‌های پایداری نهایی از طریق پرسش‌نامه‌های دلفی جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. الگوی ارائه شده متشکل از 200 شاخص مدیریت آب برمبنای تعریف چهار مولفه پایداری در مقیاس حوضه‌آبریز می‌‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که از 200 شاخص بررسی شده، در مرحله نهایی، تنها 66 شاخص با در نظر گرفتن مولفه‌های پایداری انتخاب شدند. برمبنای نتایج بدست آمده از طبقه‌بندی مولفه‌های پایداری، 30 شاخص مطابق با حداقل سه مولفه پایداری (سه یا چهاربعدی)، 30 شاخص دو بعدی (مطابق با دو مولفه) و 6 شاخص یک بعدی (تنها مطابق با یک مولفه) بدست آمده‌‌اند. شاخص‌‌های به دست آمده می‌‌توانند به عنوان مبنایی در ارزیابی برنامه‌‌های مدیریت آب در حوضه‌‌های آبریز کشور مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

2022-01-27T01:39:15.861Z

In this curious and learned Volume the Illustrious Author hath with great industry endeavour'd to explain the whole Nature of Comets, their Place, Parallaxes, Distances from the Earth, Beginning and End, the several Appearances of their Heads and Trayns, together with their admirable motion

2022-02-08T11:09:55.969Z

Abstract : The U.S. and NATO pursue close relations, bilaterally and multilaterally respectively, with Ukraine, and Ukraine wants substantive and close relations in return - while recognizing the importance of constructive relations with its eastern neighbor. Given the pressures from both East and West, Ukraine's leaders have performed an admirable balancing act - perhaps the only realistic course given the circumstances. While Ukraine's relations both with the U.S. and NATO have made great strides since 1991, putting substance into its relationships with the West has been difficult and spotty at times, particularly in certain sectors. Further, Ukraine's slow progress in reforming its economy and defense establishment has proven frustrating to western policy makers and institutions. Though this paper focuses on major aspects of NATO-Ukraine relations, it should be remembered throughout that the U.S. is a NATO Ally, and has often been primus inter pares for Ukraine-related issues. This paper aims to provide a fresh look at the development and character of NATO/Ukraine relations, particularly aspects in the security/military realm.

2022-02-09T03:49:05.378Z

&NA; The purpose of this study was to identify, under conditions of cooling, correlations among finger skin temperature (FST), photoplethysmography (PPG), and Doppler ultrasound (US). Sixty‐one healthy subjects, twelve males and forty‐nine females, were randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group. Baseline measurements of FST, PPG peak amplitude, and US peak amplitude were taken on the second and fifth digits of the dominant hand of each subject. The control group received no water immersion. The experimental group was systematically subdivided into two subgroups, one which received immersion of the dominant hand in room temperature (23°) water and one which received immersion of the dominant hand in cold (10°) water. After five minutes, blood flow measurements were repeated. A simple bivariate correlation was used to compare the mean percent changes in FST, PPG peak amplitude, and US peak amplitude. This allowed the authors to more accurately control for any variability among subjects' baseline measurements. A weak positive correlation existed between FST and PPG. FST changes in the second and the fifth digits were strongly correlated under all conditions and became stronger as cooling intensified. The authors conclude that these measurements are not interchangeable. Care should be taken by clinicians and researchers to choose the measurement that best suits their purpose (i.e., FST or PPG for evaluation of capillary flow and US for measurement of digital arterial flow).

2022-02-09T16:46:42.905Z

Abstract There is considerable interest and debate concerning the place of generic substitution, especially relating to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Sadly, one of the causes of the ongoing debate is confusion, often intentionally fueled by the pharmaceutical industry among health professionals and patients regarding the regulatory determination of bioequivalence. Few understand the correct definition. It is often erroneously stated that to be considered bioequivalent there is an allowed difference in the extent and rate of absorption of 80% to 125% between a generic drug product and the branded standard. This is false and implies that there is a wide leniency allowed, with varying clinical outcomes probable. This myth needs to be countered to ensure the safety of patients. A balanced review of the issues surrounding the generic substitution of AEDs is presented.

2022-06-26T02:37:10.526Z

INTRODUCTION: Online review sites have become a modern version of the word-of-mouth recommendation, and prospective patients are increasingly consulting them before making decisions about their medical care. The impact of online reviews will only intensify in the coming years as they continue to affect both aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgeons. Our purpose was twofold: 1) to identify common reasons for patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with plastic surgeons cited in online reviews; and 2) to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of these reviews as a methodology for understanding the patient experience. We selected breast augmentation as the primary procedure of interest.

2022-02-12T08:25:47.440Z

Aside from technical problems which may impede the reviewing process, approval of a new drug depends on whether the clinical data support the claims of efficacy and safety. Using several recent new drug applications (NDAs) of cardiorenal drugs as examples, it is argued that to successfully support a claim, meeting minimal requirements in the current clinical guidelines may be necessary but not sufficient, and excessive dissection and manipulation of data must be avoided. In addition, assessment of safety and tolerability data is also required for formulating an efficacy claim. These important issues in packaging a successful application are discussed from the perspective of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) secondary reviewer.

2022-09-04T23:54:09.321Z

We used a selective leukotriene (LT) D4/E4 receptor antagonist (LY 203647) to investigate the role of cysteinyl LTs as mediators of several important pathophysiological events in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. Pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs (11.8-17.5 kg) were mechanically ventilated with 100% O2. Pigs in groups I (n = 10), IIA (n = 10), and IIB (n = 5) were infused with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 250 micrograms/kg) from time (t) = 0-20 min. Pigs in group III (n = 3) were normal controls. All pigs were resuscitated from t = 0-240 min with Ringer lactate (0.8 ml.kg-1.min-1). Pigs in group I received no further treatment. At t = 30 min, groups IIA and IIB were injected with LY 203647 (30 mg/kg) and were started on an infusion of the compound at 10 (group IIA) or 30 mg.kg-1.h-1 (group IIB). Delayed treatment with LY 203647 significantly (P less than 0.05) and persistently ameliorated LPS-induced pulmonary hypertension. The compound also abrogated LPS-induced pulmonary edema, as assessed by gravimetrically determined lung extravascular wet-to-dry weight ratios. Despite its beneficial effect on pulmonary edema, delayed treatment with LY 203647 did not improve arterial oxygenation. Delayed treatment with LY 203647 transiently improved mesenteric perfusion. These data suggest that cysteinyl LTs are important mediators in porcine endotoxicosis.

2022-09-12T01:10:29.914Z

Paraphrasing the German poet Bertolt Brecht's 1949 poem “Wahrnehmung”, it can be said that for Latin American regionalism, the fatigue of the summits has been left behind; it must now cope with the labors of the plains. The days when Latin American presidents socialized frequently at summit meetings are long gone. In the golden age of summitry, between 2004 and 2012, four Summits of the Americas, six Latin American summits, 29 South American summits (including the Southern Common Market— Mercosur), nine Andean summits, 18 Caribbean summits, 52 Central American summits, 18 Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) summits, and eight IberoAmerican Summits were held, for a total of 144 summits in 9 years (Portales, 2014, p. 56). It was the time when Chilean President Sebastián Piñera (Cooperativa, 2011) complained ironically that Latin America had so many summits it looked like a mountain range. Christopher Sabatini (2012) argued in Foreign Policy that, “the Western Hemisphere has a strong claim to the title of summit capital of the world,” adding that, “if the number of summits were a measure of the quality of diplomacy, Latin America would be a utopia of harmony, cooperation, and understanding.” As the comments show, the proliferation of summits has often been ridiculed or problematized. The SecretaryGeneral of the IberoAmerican General Secretariat (SEGIB), Enrique V. Iglesias (2014, p. 7), referred to the “syndrome of cumbritis” and “summit fatigue.” Latin American presidential summits were also a subject for academic debates on their merits and their dysfunctional aspects (Jarque et al., 2009; Mace et al., 2016; Ortiz, 2013). From a positive perspective, summit diplomacy created a climate of trust and facilitated political agreements, strengthened multilateralism and promoted regional integration projects (Rojas Aravena, 2009, p. 30), and was a mechanism of crisis management (Tussie, 2016). Summit diplomacy changed long before the restrictions of the Covid19 pandemic. Latin American presidents meet less often and in fewer forums, particularly those from South America. From 2010 to 2014, an average of 7.6 presidential summits per year were organized with the participation of South American presidents (without counting the IberoAmerican summits, the European Union– Community of Latin American and Caribbean States [CELAC] summits, and the Summits of the Americas), but the number fell to 4.6 in the second half of the decade (see Table 1). The fact that presidents meet less often, and even more, the lack of meetings, are indicators of the crisis of Latin American regionalism and of one of its basic components— regional organizations. A vivid example is the Union of South American Nations (Unasur), where the “golden age of UNASUR summitry might have been the 2008– 2010 period, when a string of crisis happened in rapid succession and there was enough consensus to induce leaders to take action” (Tussie, 2016, p. 83). Eleven of 18 Unasur summits between 2008 and 2014 were

2022-10-21T17:12:51.020Z

The ability to predict the sound field magnitude and phase in a shallow water waveguide is critically dependent upon accurate knowledge of the acoustic properties of the environment. In this paper, attention is focused on the influence of the geoacoustic properties of the seabed on the predictability of the field. Emphasis is placed on the use of geoacoustic parameter estimates obtained from modal inversion techniques. Some of the research questions to be addressed include: (1) What is the measure of predictability? (2) What are the errors associated with various inversion methods and how do they affect predictability? (3) What is the effect of noise in the data? (4) How useful are geoacoustic parameter estimates obtained over a band of frequencies in predicting the sound field outside that band? Examples using both real and synthetic data will be discussed. [Work supported by ONR.]

2022-02-09T19:59:04.178Z

Special dispersion of discharge parameters exist in narrow gap electrostatic discharge according to state change of electrode moving. Discharge parameters are measured with electrostatic discharge generator for fixed gap and moving electrode to the target from some distance away. Discharge current peak and waveform have distinctive variation for two situations of discharge gap. Primary analysis is given on the possible mechanism of the difference of discharge parameters.

2022-01-27T18:39:33.799Z

ABSTRACT In this first-hand account, a geographer describes his experience in writing and publishing his first work of fiction. He outlines the process involved in identifying and re-examining narratives from real people, and discusses how he configured these into an award-winning novel that amounts to an alternate viewpoint of what transpired in Chile's Atacama Desert in the politically tumultuous early 1970s. In addition to credibly portraying historical events and actively engaging varied voices, he notes that capturing the character of place – its landscape, economy, and inhabitants – is essential in writing regional fiction. This transformational experience led him to the conclusion that fiction can reveal deeper truths than non-fiction.

2022-09-08T00:48:49.788Z

A major new phenomenon may be emerging in retailing in the US, Western Eurpore and to a lesser extent the Far East. This phenomenon consists of retailers emphasizing low price and low cost while still offering high levels of service. This seemingly incongruent strategy which deviates dramatically from the conventional retailing wisdom concerning the relationship among price, cost and service may constitute an emerging paradigm for successful retailing in this decade and well into the next. The paradigm is described in the article using examples of well-known global retailers. Directions for future research on teh topic are also provided.

2022-09-14T12:11:29.976Z

This study aims to analyze and compare the Quality of Life in patients followed exclusively in Psychiatry and in patients followed exclusively in Psychology. Took part of the study 60 patients of both genders with depressive symptomatology and no other clinical diagnosis (exclusion criteria), 30 being exclusively followed at hospital psychiatric consultations and 30 exclusively followed in psychology consultations. After informed consent, we used the Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36; Ware & Sherbourne, 1992), which showed good psychometric properties in its nine domains: Physical Function, Physical Performance, Body Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, Mental Health, and Health Change. We found that the patients followed in Psychology showed a better quality of life in Emotional and Physical Performance, as well as in Mental Health. Men expressed a similar quality of life to women, except in the field of Physical Function, higher in males. Single patients had better in Role Emotional and Mental Health, when compared to divorced and widowed. The results are discussed considering the benefits of psychological therapy in improving the quality of life of depressed patients.

2022-11-11T08:03:34.555Z

Over the past ten years or so, we have been witnessing a slow but enduring change of mainstream research in respiratory medicine. From being widely dominated by studies of lung function and pulmonary physiology, research in respiratory medicine has begun to move into the complex field of cellular and molecular biology, in its effort to understand the basic mechanisms of disease. This progress has been due not only to advances in immunological and biological science but also to the introduction of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedure which provides access to the various cell populations of the lower respiratory tract This issue of the Journal contains the first of a series of reviews planned to highlight the recent knowledge on pulmonary immune cells in health and disease [1]. Written by experts fully familiar with the modem laboratory techniques applied to the studies of immune cells, each of the ar1icles will be devoted to a specific cell type, including dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and platelets. Their beneficial role in host defence against invading pathogens, but also their harmful effects in chronic lung injury, will be addressed. The series will describe the origin. maturation and differentiation of the cells, surface antigens and receptor repertoires, enzyrre and mediator oontents, as well as the mechanisms of cellular recruit:rrent and activation. In addition to biological cell functions such as secretion of lipid mxliators and cytokines, migration, ~ and interactions with other cells, the potentially deleterious role in the pathogenesis of human diseases, will be summarized with an emphasis on respiratory disorders. Lastly, the potential implications for therapeutic strategies based on this new approach to lung diseases will be assessed. The article appearing in this issue deals with dendritic cells and Langerhans cells [1]. Langerhans cells are thought to be derived from dendritic cells. However, they differ from dendritic cells, since the latter are characterized by typical cytoplasmic ~lies called Birbeck granules, visible only by electron microscopy. Both cells are potent accessory cells or antigen-presenting cells and stimulate Iymphocyte proliferation, whereas alveolar macrophages function rather poorly in this respect [2] . An important lung disease, eosinophilic granuloma or histiocytosis X, has been renamed Langerhans cell granulomatosis, following the recognition that the offending cell is the LangedJans cell. Cltrrent concepts suggest that the disease results from an abnormal immune response in cigarette smokers, initiated and maintained by Langerhans cells [1].

2022-11-18T00:39:00.503Z

A rarefied gas flow through a slit in an infinite plane wall, induced by a small pressure difference across the slit, is studied on the basis of the kinetic theory. The system of integral equations for the macroscopic variables (the velocity, density, and temperature of the gas), derived from the linearized Boltzmann–Krook–Welander equation with the diffuse reflection boundary condition, is solved by constructing the Neumann series numerically. The flow velocity, density, and temperature fields of the gas as well as the mass flux through the slit are obtained with good accuracy for various Knudsen numbers. The correction to the free molecular flow result for large but finite Knudsen numbers is also obtained analytically, which gives a continuous transition from the free molecular flow to the present numerical result.

2022-11-19T18:45:17.139Z

Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) uses existing welding technology to make a part from metal deposited in an almost net shape. WAAM is flexible in that it can use multiple materials successively or simultaneously during the manufacturing of a single component.,In this work, a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) system has been developed to use two material successively and fabricate bimetallic additively manufactured structure (BAMS) of low carbon steel and AISI 316L stainless steel (SS).,The interface shows two distinctive zones of LCS and SS deposits without any weld defects. The hardness profile shows a sudden increase of hardness at the interface, which is attributed to the migration of chromium from the SS. The tensile test results show that the bimetallic specimens failed at the LCS side, as LCS has lower strength of the materials used.,The microstructural features and mechanical properties are studied in-depth with special emphasis on the bimetallic interface.

2022-11-21T19:00:09.552Z

This datasheet on Lebaniega cattle covers Identity.

2022-11-26T18:47:12.675Z

Building collegial international relationships is an important aspect of conservation and conservation education. The relationship relies on researchers understanding the local context of the conservation project and the sociocultural perspectives of all partners. Therefore, we situated our case study within sociocultural theory. Our case study focuses on the relationships and project work which developed between a biologist/science educator at the University of Bengkulu in Bengkulu, Sumatra, Indonesia, and a science education professor at the University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA, who shared longtime interests in herpetology. Employing the sociocultural perspective, we describe the background of each University group leader and how their previous experiences led to the development of a partnership focused on turtle conservation. In this case study, we seek to understand the social and cultural development of the researchers’ relationship as they teamed to address the ex situ conservation challenges of working with terrestrial and semiaquatic turtles. An examination of the researchers’ partnership provides a framework for the analysis of the work accomplished and remaining and offers insights to others interested in collaborative international conservation projects.

2022-12-13T18:39:28.879Z

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/graphite nanoplates (GNPs) nanocomposites were manufactured by simple melt compounding. The GNPs were first functionalized using synthesized benzimidazolium salt to improve the compatibility with PPS matrix. The functionalized GNPs showed an exfoliated dispersion in PPS matrix, which also could significantly improve the tensile properties of composites. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PPS/functionalized GNPs composites. The results showed that the PPS/functionalized GNPs composites always had a higher crystallization peak temperature (T c) than pure PPS resin at different cooling rates due to the addition of GNPs. The GNPs could also play the role of heterogeneous nucleating agents to accelerate the crystallization; however, at high content, they could also limit the mobility of PPS macromolecular chains and hinder the crystallization. The Mo equation could be used to analyze the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, whereas the Ozawa equation was not suitable for the nonisothermal crystallization process. Consistent with a previous analysis, the results also showed that the addition of GNPs could also decrease the crystallization activation energy (E c) of PPS resin at low content while increasing the E c at high content.

2022-12-16T02:05:15.064Z

In this work, we focused on liveness detection for facial recognition system's spoofing via fake face movement. We have developed a pupil direction observing system for anti-spoofing in face recognition systems using a basic hardware equipment. Firstly, eye area is being extracted from real time camera by using Haar-Cascade Classifier with specially trained classifier for eye region detection. Feature points have extracted and traced for minimizing person's head movements and getting stable eye region by using Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) algorithm. Eye area is being cropped from real time camera frame and rotated for a stable eye area. Pupils are extracted from eye area by using a new improved algorithm subsequently. After a few stable number of frames that has pupils, proposed spoofing algorithm selects a random direction and sends a signal to Arduino to activate that selected direction's LED on a square frame that has totally eight LEDs for each direction. After chosen LED has been activated, eye direction is observed whether pupil direction and LED's position matches. If the compliance requirement is satisfied, algorithm returns data that contains liveness information. Complete algorithm for liveness detection using pupil tracking is tested on volunteers and algorithm achieved high success ratio.

2022-12-16T02:53:13.204Z

ABSTRACT Although health communication research and popular literature on physicians have heightened awareness of the dualisms physicians face, research is yet to focus on the discourse of physician educators who assimilate students into medicine for dualisms of the biomedical (BMD) and biopsychosocial (BPS) ideologies. The study drew on a dualism-centered model to analyze the discourse of 19 behavioral science course directors at 10 medical schools for the emergence of dualisms in instantiations of BPS ideologies and for the management of dualism in discourse that instantiated both BMD and BPS ideologies as part of the curriculum. Dualism emerged in the BPS ideologies of “patient-centeredness” and “cultural competence.” While a dualism between “patients’ data” and “patients’ stories” emerged in the patient-centeredness ideology, a dualism between enhancing “interaction skill” and “understanding” emerged in the cultural competence ideology. Moreover, the study found educator discourse managing dualism between BMD and BPS ideologies through the strategies of “connection” and “separation.” The study concludes with a discussion and the implications for theory and research.

2022-12-19T17:02:38.364Z

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a meta-analysis of the relationship between determinant factors and tax evasion based on deterrence approach. Using the meta-analysis method, each statistical result of empirical studies is converted into r-pearson as standardized effect size, and then synthesized into a mean effect size in order to increase power and to resolve uncertainty. Theoretically, increasing audit, tax rate and tax penalty will decrease tax evasion. However, the results show that only tax rate has a significant impact on tax evasion. Synthesizing totally 478 outcomes from articles published between 1978 and 2018, there is a robust conclusion that decreasing tax rate is an effective tool in combating tax evasion. On the other hand, audit and penalty are not significant in influencing tax evasion. In addition, the results of heterogeneity analysis suggest that national culture and income level of the country are useful in explaining the impact of audit, tax rate and tax penalty on tax evasion. These findings should be of interest to policymakers. First, instead of sacrificing more resources in conducting audit or imposing more penalty, tax authorities should consider setting the tax rate as low as possible to diminish tax evasion. Second, considering that culture and income level influence the impact of audit and penalty on tax evasion, policymakers should consider national cultural values and income level condition when designing audit techniques and setting penalty structures.

2022-12-17T11:17:42.601Z

Critique de la these de la reduction des proprietes biologiques aux proprietes biochimiques definie par le terme de biochimicalisme. Distinguant trois types de reductionnisme (constitutif, de la propriete, explicatif), l'A. defend trois principes ontologiques: 1) la non-reduction des proprietes biochimiques aux proprietes physiques, 2) la non-reduction ou non-elimination de proprietes biologiques non-biochimiques, 3) ces dernieres ne sont pas des epiphenomenes. L'A. montre que l'echec du reductionnisme des proprietes a des consequences sur notre comprehension de la causation, de l'interdependance causale et de la hierarchie dans le domaine biologique

2022-02-08T17:26:55.592Z

ABSTRACT In the Lister region in the southern part of Norway, attempts are currently being made to facilitate for a green shift. The paper discusses two different approaches towards such a challenge. The first is procedural, where success or failure hinges on the methods applied in the effort to convince locals to incorporate climate considerations. The alternative is to reflect upon how a green ideology blends into pre-existing ideological elements in the region. It is claimed that an important reason for the failure so far to place the environment at the core of regional development, is that too much emphasis has been put on the first approach, on procedure and dialogue, whereas few efforts have been made to understand the structure of the discursive terrain in the region. What prevents a green shift has less to do with methods and is more connected to the dominance of a logic of economic growth and the fact that locals are confident that nature is already dealt with in a sensible manner. The conclusion is that we need to understand what people are concerned about and what prevents them to change, before we start telling them how to think and do development.

2022-02-08T23:32:18.491Z

Custom decrees that each president of this society shall render an up-to-date report on the state of the clinical pathologist, as he understands it. My predecessors have done their duty in this respect with noteworthy success. They have defined the clinical pathologist as "a consulting physician whose chief interest lies in the diagnosis of disease by laboratory methods." They have shown that the clinical pathologist is an inevitable and essential product in the evolution of scientific medicine. They have recognized the fact that since his contacts are chiefly with fellow physicians rather than with patients, he must be of exceptional personality and training. They have demonstrated that both the patient and the patient's medical attendant benefit from his'counsel. Indeed, in the diagnosis of malignant disease, and in the development of hospital organizations, he has been classed as indispensable. The economic phase of the specialty is influenced by numerous factors, among which may be noted the facts that much medical laboratory work is institutional; that technical diagnostic procedures can be carried out by highly trained workers who are not physicians; and that current practice in medical education presumes that all graduates will possess a certain degree of skill in the use and interpretation of laboratory findings. Based on these accepted facts it has been suggested that clinical pathology is a specialty only of convenience, not of necessity. A survey of the practice of medicine today establishes beyond question

2022-09-03T12:07:11.413Z

The effects of substance P (SP) on intestinal myoelectric activity were examined in conscious dogs with implanted silver electrodes on the small doses (0.25-1.0 nmol . kg-1 . h-1) raised the frequency of interdigestive myoelectric complexes and also increased preburst activity, mostly in the upper small bowel. The ileum was relatively less sensitive to the stimulatory action of sp. At higher doses (2.04.0 nmol . kg-1 . h-1) SP caused a fedlike motility pattern. In the doses used SP did not change the foodinduced motility pattern. The effects of SP on myoelectric activity were blocked by atropine or pirenzepine. We conclude that SP was participate in neurally mediated changes in intestinal motility.

2022-09-13T09:14:05.065Z

Herein, we developed a new procedure on 1,2-dicarbonylative cyclization of 4-aryl-1-butenes with alkyl bromides. Using simple copper catalyst, two molecules of carbon monoxide were introduced into the double bond with the formation of four new C-C bonds and a new ring. Various α-tetralones and 2,3-dihydroquinolin-4-ones were formed in moderate to good yields.

2022-10-20T17:18:44.862Z

We performed a uniform and detailed analysis of 1112 high-resolution spectra of FGK dwarfs obtained with the HARPS spectrograph at the ESO 3.6 m telescope (La Silla, Chile). Most stars have effective temperatures 4700 K ≤ Teff ≤ 6300 K and lie in the metallicity range of −1.39 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.55. Our main goal is to investigate whether there are any differences between the elemental abundance trends (especially [α/ Fe] ratio) for stars of different subpopulations. The equivalent widths of spectral lines are automatically measured from HARPS spectra with the ARES code. The abundances of three α elements are determined using a differential LTE analysis relative to the Sun, with the 2010 revised version of the spectral synthesis code MOOG and a grid of Kurucz ATLAS9 atmospheres. The stars of our sample fall into two populations, clearly separated in terms of [α/Fe] up to super-solar metallicities. In turn, highα stars are also separated into two families with a gap in both [α/Fe] ([α/Fe] ≈ 0.17) and metallicity ([Fe/H] ≈− 0.2) distributions. The metal-poor high-α stars (thick disk) and metal-rich high-α stars are on average older than chemically defined thin disk stars (lowα stars). The two α-enhanced families have different kinematics and orbital parameters. The metal-rich α-enhanced stars, such as thin disk stars have nearly circular orbits, close to the Galactic plane. We put forward the idea that these stars may have been formed in the inner Galactic disk, but their exact nature still remains to be clarified.

2022-12-18T06:45:25.875Z

Unplugging the Pipeline Several explanations have been proposed for the “leaky pipeline” of women and underrepresented minorities in academic medicine. One factor that has yet to garner attention i...

2022-12-21T17:39:29.315Z

This study examines how political knowledge has shaped the effects of two values-egalitarianism and traditional morality-on American public opinion about gay rights and whether media framing accounts for the role that knowledge has played. An analysis of mass media coverage during the peak years of the debate over gay rights (1990-97) showed that the implications of moral traditionalism were virtually undisputed in this debate, whereas both sides laid claim to egalitarianism. Analysis of American National Election Studies survey data demonstrated that in 1992 and 1996 the impact of moral traditionalism on public opinion grew stronger as political knowledge increased, whereas the impact of egalitarianism did not vary across levels of knowledge. Thus, the results suggest that the extent to which political knowledge moderates a value's effect on opinion can depend on whether public debate provides an undisputed frame or competing frames for that value. One could, in turn, frame the implications of this finding for democratic politics in more than one way

2022-12-26T21:23:48.936Z

Simple Summary The optimal cut-offs for tumor markers in CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) to specify non-germinomatous GCTs are under active investigation. This study investigated 162 cases with histopathological confirmation and tumor markers, including 77 cases with robust specimens obtained from tumor resection. This study demonstrates that tumor markers are elevated in germinomas and teratomas, especially HCG in germinomas and AFP in immature teratomas, emphasizing the clinical significance of tissue diagnosis. Similarly, some biopsy cases without malignant findings on histopathology demonstrated tumor marker elevations, highlighting the limitations of reliable tissue diagnosis from a diminutive specimen. This study concludes that an integrated diagnosis based on tumor markers and histopathology is the key to precise diagnosis and, therefore, the avoidance of over- or under-treatment. This study also invites novel questions regarding whether marker-positive germinomas or teratomas should be treated as intensively as malignant NGGCTs, as well as the optimal treatment strategy for marker-negative immature teratomas. Abstract The central nervous system germ cell tumor (CNS GCT) is a rare and incompletely understood disease. A major outstanding question in the 2015 consensus document for CNS GCT management was the utility and interpretation of the tumor markers human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of malignant non-germinomatous GCTs (hereafter NGGCTs) prior to treatment. In the current study, we assembled two geographically and ethnically different clinical cohorts from the Mayo Clinic (1988–2017) and the intracranial GCT Genome Analysis Consortium (iGCT Consortium) in Japan to address this question. Patients with both histopathological diagnosis and tumor markers available were eligible for inclusion (n = 162). Biopsy and surgical resection were performed in 85 and 77 cases, respectively. Among 77 resections, 35 demonstrated positivity for HCG, AFP, or both (45%). Seventeen of the marker-positive cases had no malignant non-germinomatous component identified on histopathology, but they were composed strictly of germinoma, teratoma, or both (49%). One embryonal carcinoma was the only marker-negative NGGCT in the study sample. Among 85 biopsies, 18 were marker positive (21%). Seven of these patients had no malignant non-germinomatous component on histopathology, suggesting the potential limitations of limited tissue sample volumes. Neither histopathological diagnosis nor tumor markers alone reliably diagnose NGGCTs due to the secretion of HCG and AFP by germinomas and teratomas. Treatment planning should incorporate integrated histopathological and laboratory-based diagnosis to optimize diagnostic and treatment strategies for this unusual and histologically heterogeneous tumor.

2022-12-30T00:22:22.197Z

It is important to increase the iodine delivery rate (I), that is the iodine concentration of the contrast material (C) x the flow rate of the contrast material (Q), through a catheter to obtain high quality arteriograms. The iodine delivery rate varies depending on the iodine concentration of the contrast material. The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimum iodine concentration (Copt) of contrast material (i.e. the iodine concentration at which I becomes maximum) through a microcatheter of a given length (L), inner diameter (D) and injection pressure (P). Iohexol, ioversol and iopamidol of 11-12 iodine concentrations (140-350, 160-350 or 160-370 mg cm(-3)) at 37 degrees C are used. I and Reynolds number (Re) of the flow of each contrast material through four microcatheters (0.49-0.68 mm in inner diameter, 1000-1500 mm in length) at injection pressures of 1.38, 2.76, 4.14 and 5.52 x 10(6) Pa (200, 400, 600 and 800 pounds per square inch) are obtained experimentally. The relationships between I and C and between I and Re are examined for each catheter and injection pressure. Copt is 160-280 mg cm(-3) for iohexol, 180-280 mg cm(-3) for ioversol and 200-300 mg cm(-3) for iopamidol. I becomes maximum when Re approximates the critical Reynolds number (Re approximately 2300). Utilizing this principle, we can estimate Copt and its flow rate through a microcatheter of a given L, D and P.

2022-06-18T18:56:06.352Z

The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) is a transient embryonic tissue that gives rise to a diverse range of mature cell types, including the cardiovascular system, the urogenital system, endoskeleton of the limbs, and mesenchyme of the gut. While the genetic processes that drive development of these tissues are well defined, the early cell fate choices underlying LPM development and specification are poorly understood. In this study, we utilize single-cell transcriptomics to define cell lineage specification during development of the anterior LPM and the forelimb field in the chicken embryo. We identify the molecular pathways directing differentiation of the aLPM towards a somatic or splanchnic cell fate, and subsequent emergence of the forelimb mesenchyme. We establish the first transcriptional atlas of progenitor, transitional and mature cell types throughout the early forelimb field and uncover the global signalling pathways which are active during LPM differentiation and forelimb initiation. Specification of the somatic and splanchnic LPM from undifferentiated mesoderm utilizes distinct signalling pathways and involves shared repression of early mesodermal markers, followed by activation of lineage-specific gene modules. We identify rapid activation of the transcription factor TWIST1 in the somatic LPM preceding activation of known limb initiation genes, such as TBX5, which plays a likely role in epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition of the limb bud mesenchyme. Furthermore, development of the somatic LPM and limb is dependent on ectodermal BMP signalling, where BMP antagonism reduces expression of key somatic LPM and limb genes to inhibit formation of the limb bud mesenchyme. Together, these findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms that drive fate cell choices during specification of the aLPM and forelimb initiation.

2022-04-13T19:35:53.238Z

TO THE EDITOR: I was touched by Shah's essay (1). It points to how unprepared we are as physicians to address what is essentially an emotional crisis in response to an irreversible medical situation. My read of this story is that a daughter's grief and sense of isolation were treated with repeated invasive surgical procedures. Please believe that I do not say this to criticize Shah. He was put in an untenable position as a surgical resident to try to address someone in severe emotional distress on first acquaintance, probably without the training or tools needed to help begin to relieve the daughter's suffering. That we, as a health care system, put a surgical resident in this position at night while on call is sad but all too typical. I was left with many more questions than answers in the end. Was palliative care involved at any time before or after the transfer to the receiving hospital? Was pastoral care or a psychologist involved to provide spiritual and emotional support? Did any of the physicians involved receive practical training in addressing grief and bereavement or, for that matter, addressing acute severe emotional distress in a bereaved family? These questions reflect systematic deficiencies in the health care system and in our system of medical education. A long look in the mirror tells us that we have much to do.

2022-07-10T05:57:46.635Z

A vectorial discontinuous Galerkin time-domain method incorporating generalized sheet transition conditions (DGTD-GSTC) is proposed for the simulation of curve metasurfaces. This scheme utilizes virtual fields to realize the discontinuity across the metasurface described by GSTCs, which is beyond the ability of conventional boundary conditions. Compared to the previous research on modeling approaches for metasurfaces based on GSTCs, this scheme is particularly suited for solving practical metasurface problems due to its ability for complex geometry modeling and broadband analysis. This scheme is also shown to provide a fundamental generalization of the conventional DGTD technique. Five 2-D representative examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of this newly proposed method.

2022-08-08T07:43:23.440Z

Sexually active male screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were observed in “waiting stations” from which they darted at any insect flying by. They often returned to the original station or a few cm from it without contacting the intruder. When they did make contact, the encounters were usually characterized by a vigorous wrestling, with the result that the pair of insects fell to the ground and parted. Occasionally, when the encounter involved a female screwworm fly, the pair flew off with the male holding the female's dorsum to a nearby limb where they mated. Males and virgin females were less likely to orient to a host animal than were mated females and were more abundant in vegetation. We suggest that males are more likely to encounter a receptive female from waiting stations in vegetation where both sexes feed on nectar or honeydew, than from those on or near hosts.

2022-09-25T08:23:15.895Z

Numerous specimens of a mite, Ursicoptes americanus Fain and Johnston, 1970 (Acari: Audycoptidae), were found in skin scrapings from an aged female black bear, Ursus americanus, afflicted with a severe generalized mange. The mite had not been found previously in association with clinical dermatitis. The male, nymph and larva of Ursicoptes americanus, heretofore unknown, are described and the generic diagnosis is amplified. Discovery of the male aids in resolving the questionable taxonomic status of the family Audycoptidae.

2022-12-07T23:23:01.644Z

A 64-year-old man with moderate intellectual disability developed a large right breast carcinoma with lymph node metastases. Cancer treatment is often difficult in persons with intellectual disability. However, the patient could be treated according to the current protocols with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. He is alive and in good health two years after discovery of his tumor. Although breast cancer is estimated as frequent in women with intellectual disability as it is in nondisabled women, our patient is the second man with intellectual disability reported with a breast carcinoma.

2022-12-10T08:05:37.143Z

One of the most popular approaches to improve the performance of organic photonic devices has been to control the electrically heterogeneous charge-transferring interfaces via chemical modifications. Despite intense research efforts, however, the rapid pace of material evolution through the chemical versatility of the organic compound allows only limited room for the fine-tuning of the interfaces exclusive to specific materials. This limitation leads to an ill-controlled charge recombination behavior that relies solely on the inherent characteristics of each material; thus, the common device architecture cannot harness its full potential. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a graphene-organic hybrid barristor-type phototriode architecture as an alternative platform to realize a linearly and highly photosensitive photodetector operating in a broad dynamic range with rapid temporal responses. With the capability of interfacial energetic modulation, our model system exhibits the dominance of swiftly saturable and slowly responding "cold" traps (TC < 3kT) in charge recombination behaviors, leading to a broad linear dynamic range of 110 dB as well as unconventional illumination-driven increments of both D* and R up to 1013 Jones and 360 mA/W, respectively, that surpass the best-reported organic photodiodes. Our findings demonstrate that the organic-graphene hybrid photonic barristor architecture can open new avenues to design high-performance photodetectors for various photonic applications in the future.

2022-12-10T19:02:22.246Z

It is unknown whether patients with PD are at greater risk of COVID‐19, what their risk factors are, and whether their clinical manifestations differ from the general population.

2022-12-22T15:45:20.852Z

To emulate human emotions in agents, the mathematical representation of emotion (an emotional space) is essential for each component, such as emotion recognition, generation, and expression. In this study, we aim to acquire a modality-independent emotional space by extracting shared emotional information from different modalities. We propose a method of acquiring an emotional space by integrating multimodalities on a DNN and combining the emotion recognition task and the unification task. The emotion recognition task learns the representation of emotions, and the unification task learns an identical emotional space from each modality. Through the experiments with audio-visual data, we confirmed that there are differences in emotional spaces acquired from unimodality, and the proposed method can acquire a joint emotional space. We also indicated that the proposed method could adequately represent emotions in a low-dimensional emotional space, such as in five or six dimensions, under this paper's experimental conditions.

2022-12-20T05:20:27.019Z

By relating the diagrammatic foundations of knot theory with the structure of abstract tensors, quantum groups and ribbon Hopf algebras, specific expressions are derived for quantum link invariants. These expressions, when applied to the case of finite dimensional unimodular ribbon Hopf algebras, give rise to invariants of 3-manifolds.

2022-12-20T19:07:39.712Z

ABSTRACT Victorian fiction can provide a valuable source of information about society by virtue of its topicality and realistic techniques, influenced by contemporary journalism. In particular, the novels of Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy throw light on literacy practices, including reading aloud. The higher the literacy levels of the novels’ characters, the less reading aloud is reported; and as literacy becomes more widespread through the 19th century, it is commented on increasingly less. Significantly, when instances of reading aloud are depicted, they fulfil purposes that seem to correspond with recognisable present-day scenarios, in which the power of the spoken word resonates.

2022-01-27T06:30:08.142Z

Brazil's current status as a major emerging market with a boundless economic horizon is a radical shift from its place in the world in the late 1960s to the mid 1990s. Georgina Peters looks at the lessons Brazil can teach other countries and talks to Fabio de Oliveira Barbosa and Antonio Quintella, a London Business School alumnus, two business leaders who are helping to steer Brazil into the future.

2022-01-27T16:17:07.100Z

This study explored parental mediation strategies of children`s online gaming and their relevant variables which could influence on them. A survey to 379 parents with elementary, middle, highschool, and college aged children revealed 7 distinctive parental mediation strategies of children`s online gaming, that is, `instructive`, `co-playing`, `rule-based`, `restrictive`, `technological`, `government regulation-dependent`, and `active guidance` mediation. Also, the results showed that there was significant relation between the parental mediation strategies, characteristics of parents, and characteristics of children. This study holds its significance in identifying the parental mediation types reflecting media characteristics of online games and Korean social and cultural context.

2022-02-09T05:01:30.310Z

OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for osteomyelitis in United States military personnel with combat-related, extremity long bone (humerus, radium, ulna) open fractures. DESIGN Retrospective observational case-control study. SETTING U.S. military regional hospital in Germany and tertiary care military hospitals in United States (2003-2009). PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Sixty-four patients with open upper extremity fractures who met diagnostic osteomyelitis criteria (medical record review verification) were classified as cases. Ninety-six patients with open upper extremity fractures who did not meet osteomyelitis diagnostic criteria were included as controls. INTERVENTION not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Multivariable odds ratios (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]). RESULTS Among patients with surgical implants, osteomyelitis cases had longer time to definitive orthopaedic surgery compared to controls (median: 26 versus 11 days; p<0.001); however, there was no significant difference with timing of radiographic union. Being injured between 2003 and 2006, use of antibiotic beads, Gustilo Anderson [GA] fracture classification (highest with GA-IIIb: [OR: 22.20; CI: 3.60-136.95]), and Orthopaedic Trauma Association Open Fracture Classification skin variable (highest with extensive degloving [OR: 15.61; CI: 3.25-74.86]) were independently associated with osteomyelitis risk. Initial stabilization occurring outside of the combat zone was associated with reduced risk of osteomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS Open upper extremity fractures with severe soft-tissue damage have the highest risk of developing osteomyelitis. The associations with injuries sustained 2003-2006 and location of initial stabilization are likely from evolving trauma system recommendations and practice patterns during the timeframe.

2022-08-27T08:52:13.145Z

Summary: Unrecognized or untreated vasospasm in microsurgery can lead to flap hypoperfusion and failure. Numerous strategies have been explored for their efficacy in potentiating vasodilation. We present a case of unrecognized vasospasm leading to flap failure followed by a second free flap reconstruction in which severe vasospasm was treated with systemic nicardipine used as an adjunct to other more commonly employed antispasmodics. Although the literature investigating the use of systemic calcium channel blockade in microsurgery is limited, it should be considered an alternative when addressing arterial vasospasm.

2022-02-13T09:29:36.472Z

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are the source of blood cells over the whole lifespan of mammals. HSC locate in the bone marrow microenvironment in the so-called bone marrow stem cell niche. This niche consists of multiple cell types, such as endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), CXCL12-

2022-09-13T16:25:19.539Z

In the highly competitive environment of the business world, organizations implement human resource policies and practices to increase the motivation and performance of employees. Efforts to keep employee turnover at minimum levels are directly proportional to employee satisfaction and their willingness to stay in the organization. Employees’ dissatisfaction, leaders’ attitudes and behaviours, human resources policies determine the life of the organizations. The increase in the employment turnover rate can decrease the performance of the organization, bring additional costs and cause employee trainings to be ineffective. In particular, the qualified employees can easily leave the organization if they do not like the management approach leads to the formation of different management understandings and perspectives. The leadership style of the managers and the human resources policies can shape the future of the organizations. Therefore, it is important to conduct studies in this field to help the senior managers to make decisions and demonstrate their leadership roles. The sample of this study consists of 498 white-collar employees working in the private and public sector. The findings were subjected to factor and reliability analyses by using IBM SPSS 23 program. The hypotheses were tested by regression analysis and the results were evaluated and presented accordingly.

2022-09-15T00:18:23.226Z

Parity non-conserving admixtures in nuclear states may be revealed from a very small asymmetry in the distribution of gamma-rays emitted after the capture of polarized neutrons in certain nuclei. An experimental accuracy at the limit of present possibilities is required. The criteria followed in developing the methods for reversing the neutron polarization and for the data collection and the control measurements are described. REVUE DE PHYSIQUE APPLIQUÉE TOME 4, juIN 1969, The following methods have been developed to perform a type of experiment on parity non-conservation in nuclear interactions, in which one attempts to detect a very small asymmetry in the emission of gamma-rays from levels formed by capture of polarized neutrons in certain nuclei. The outline of the experiment is the following [1]. A beam of 80 % vertically polarized neutrons is obtained by reflection from a magnetized Co-Fe mirror [2]. The neutrons travel to the target traversing a spin rotator device, where the neutron spins are adiabatically turned to the left or to the right. The (n, y) target is viewed by a left and a right scintillation counters. The four gamma-ray spectra al, a2 and b1, b2 measured by the counters A and B during àlternate periods of left and right polarization t1 and t~, are accumulated in a multigroup analyzer. The asymmetry is derived as : Care was taken to ensure that systematic effects and other perturbations were negligible in comparison with the attainable statistical error, the latter being in the range (0.5 N 1) 10-4. To this purpose various kinds of possible perturbations have been examined separately : a) Variations acting symmetrically on the two counters, such as, mainly, variations in the (n, y) rate, tend to cancel out. However, second order errors in A might be introduced if the counting losses are relevant and do not vary proportionally in the two channels, due to unequal electronic dead times or unequal counting rates, for instance; b) Variations in the background of external radiation and drifts like photomultiplier gain drifts and temperature electronic drifts may have only a partial cancellation. Effects of this type can be attenuated by reducing the polarization alternation period. It was estimated and observed experimentally that a 2 s period was largely sufficient to make all previous effects negligible; c) Systematic effects may be introduced by the alternation of the polarization cycles. Possible changes in the photomultiplier gains induced by a reversed magnetization of the spin rotator and guides are considered later in detail. Any defect of symmetry of the electronic system when the analyzer group selection is changed must be prevented. The group selection is obtained by the application of external logic signals. To be sure, the power supply of the logic circuitry (controlling also the magnetizing currents) is separate from the amplifying and discriminating chains. As much as possible, it is avoided to rely on the symmetry of the internal functions of the analyzer. The pulse amplitudes from the two counting channels are fed to the unique analyzer input through external linear gates. In some high intensity experiments (Cd(n, y), f.i.;, the rate of chance coincidence between the two channels is relevant. In this case only one of the two gates is allowed, the other being inhibited by means of a "priority discriminator’’’, acting, with a sub-nanosecond accuracy [3], so that bad mixing or wrong preference are avoided. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:0196900402026500

2022-12-16T21:09:04.064Z

Might God have a body? The overwhelming answer from within Christian orthodoxy is a resounding “No”. A concept of God adequate for sophisticated theism must, it is held, involve the notion of incorporeality: any being which had a body would, on that ground alone, be disqualified as a contender for the title “God” irrespective of other considerations. Part of the reason forth is insistence on God's incorporeality is that God is held to be the being who is supremely worthy of worship. Now, if God were embodied in the manner that the Greek gods were conceived to be, it is alleged that such a “Zeus-like” deity would not be worthy of worship. Therefore either we must dismiss all thought of an embodied God, it is urged, or else we must cease to worship him, thus in effect dismissing Christianity. And there is an additional ingredient: if we choose the former course, and declare the doctrine of the incorporeality of God, then although we preserve the concept of a God who is worthy of worship, we preserve it at a very great cost.

2022-08-06T17:33:20.301Z

Measurements of the total aerosol concentration and the size distribution of large particles have been performed over the North and South Pacific ocean from November 18, 1971 to March 10, 1972. It was found that the concentration was about 300 cm-3 on an average over the South-Pacific and 450 cm-3 over the North Pacific. Both the concentration and the size distribution of large particles depended on the wind force and showed a pronounced peak around 0.4 * 10-4cm in radius.

2022-08-20T01:34:23.755Z

The title compound, [ZrCl4(C15H18N2O)(C4H8O)], was formed via tetrahydrofuran (thf) ring opening when ZrCl4 and 2-(phenylamino)pyridine were heated in a thf-containing reaction medium. The molecule is zwitterionic, with distorted octahedral coordination at the negatively charged zirconium(IV) centre. A 2-(phenylamino)pyridinium cation is connected to the metal centre by a residue formed through opening of a thf ring.

2022-09-06T02:57:38.385Z

For the purpose of studying some physical properties in addition to the mechanism of the melting phenomena, five bismuth alloys Bi55.5Pb44.5, Bi50Pb25Sn25, Bi50Pb25Cd25, Bi50Pb25Sn18.75Cd6.25 and Bi50Pb25Sn6.25Cd18.75 of melting points in the range from 338.5 to 396.5 K were prepared and studied by different techniques. The near-surface materials have been characterized by microhardness together with the wetting characteristics on CuZn30 substrates as a function of time. The mechanism of melting from the point of view of the order of reaction (n) was explored by applying two different techniques, namely, differential thermal analysis and the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature.

2022-12-12T10:30:20.662Z

Sequential pattern mining is an important data mining problem with broad applications. However, it is also a difficult problem since the mining may have to generate or examine a combinatorially explosive number of intermediate subsequences. Most of the previously developed sequential pattern mining methods, such as GSP, explore a candidate generation-and-test approach [R. Agrawal et al. (1994)] to reduce the number of candidates to be examined. However, this approach may not be efficient in mining large sequence databases having numerous patterns and/or long patterns. In this paper, we propose a projection-based, sequential pattern-growth approach for efficient mining of sequential patterns. In this approach, a sequence database is recursively projected into a set of smaller projected databases, and sequential patterns are grown in each projected database by exploring only locally frequent fragments. Based on an initial study of the pattern growth-based sequential pattern mining, FreeSpan [J. Han et al. (2000)], we propose a more efficient method, called PSP, which offers ordered growth and reduced projected databases. To further improve the performance, a pseudoprojection technique is developed in PrefixSpan. A comprehensive performance study shows that PrefixSpan, in most cases, outperforms the a priori-based algorithm GSP, FreeSpan, and SPADE [M. Zaki, (2001)] (a sequential pattern mining algorithm that adopts vertical data format), and PrefixSpan integrated with pseudoprojection is the fastest among all the tested algorithms. Furthermore, this mining methodology can be extended to mining sequential patterns with user-specified constraints. The high promise of the pattern-growth approach may lead to its further extension toward efficient mining of other kinds of frequent patterns, such as frequent substructures.

2022-12-28T22:40:57.035Z

Origanum vulgare var. hirtum (Istanbul kekigi) ve O. syriacum (Suriye kekigi) olarak ta adlandirilan iki kekik turunun 10, 13 ve 16 saat sureyle iklim dolabinda 25°C’de floresan isigina maruz birakilmalarinin turlerin bazi buyume parametreleri ile herba verimleri ve ucucu yag ozellikleri uzerine olan etkileri arastirilmistir. Farkli fotoperiyodik muamelelerin verim ve kalite uzerine etkileri kaydedilmistir. Gozlemler bitkilerin ilk ciceklenme donemlerinden alinmistir. En yuksek bitki boyu O. syriacum ’ da 13 saatlik gun uzunlugundan 32.78 cm olarak elde edilmistir. En fazla surgun sayisi bitki basina ortalama 14.3 ile O. vulgare var. hirtum ’dan 13 saatlik fotoperiyodizm den elde edilmistir. Kanopi capi en genis tur O. syriacum olmus, yatay ve dikey genisligi en yuksek capi 28.63-25.73 cm ile 10 saat isiklandirilan saksilardan elde edilmistir. En yuksek ucucu yag verimi %2.09 ile yine bu muameleden elde edilmistir. Her iki ture ait saksidaki bitkiler, Masachusetts Universitesi’nin arastirma Uygulama ciftligi’nde tarla denemelerine alinmislar ve sonrasinda bu bitkilerden uc farkli tarihte hasat gerceklestirilmistir. Bu bicimler goz onune alindiginda en yuksek karvakrol oranina sahip tur %74.55 ile gec sonbahar hasatindan Origanum vulgare var. hirtum ’ dan, % 33.35 ile de O. syriacum’ dan elde edilmistir.

2022-02-08T08:14:39.246Z

The initial susceptibility and the average free-energy singularities for a disordered Ising spin system on a Cayley tree have been studied. A set of recursion relations for the probability distribution functions of the effective fields at each generation of the tree is formulated. It is shown that the susceptibility is Curie-like at any temperature, for an equal number of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bonds. The average free energy behaves as h2 kappa (T) where h is an applied field and 1<or= kappa < infinity for 0<or=T<or=Tinfinity ; the latter is a finite limiting temperature.

2022-02-09T19:05:31.116Z

Abstract The on-line analysis of gas streams containing ultra low-level concentrations of CO2 over extended time periods presents a unique analytical problem. In the absence of a CO2 preconcentration step, many commercially available instruments used for routine gas analysis lack either the sensitivity or stability for ultra low-level CO2 monitoring. This paper will address two relatively inexpensive (<$10,000) techniques that were found suitable for such monitoring: (1) CO2 methanization with subsequent flame ionization detection and (2) extended-pathlength infrared spectroscopy.

2022-02-10T16:01:53.458Z

Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramil ) is an important flower crop, being affected by leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler, a serious disease affecting the flower yield. The present studies were carried out to derive a management strategy with compost teas. The compost teas Vermicompost (CT-1), Vermicompost + Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% (CT-2), Vermicompost  + Trichoderma viride 1% (CT-3), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% (CT-4), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% + Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% (CT-5), Dung75% + Paddy Straw25% + Trichoderma viride 1% (CT-6), Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% (CT-7), Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% + Pseudomonas fluorescens 1% (CT-8) and Dung75% + Neem Powder20% + Fish meal5% + Trichoderma viride 1% (CT-9) were tested against the mycelia growth  and spore germination of pathogen, and against disease under field conditions. Compost teas that were sterilized by filtration were prefixed with ‘S’ where ever necessary. Compost teas were effective in inhibiting the mycelia growth and spore germination. In single spray treatment the percent disease index varied from 9% (CT-8) to 21.34% (CT-4), in two spray treatments 8.69% (SCT-6) to 13.34% (CT-7) and in 3 sprays treatment 4.67% (CT-6) to 11.2% (SCT-1). Treatments CT-6 (4.67%), SCT-5 (4.75%) SCT-6 (6.45%), SCT-7 (5.85%) was superior to fungicide Iprodione 25% + Carbendazim 25%. The treatment CT-6 was most effective to increase the flower yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21112 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 48-61 (2014)

2022-02-11T01:14:53.879Z

Delta compensated UPS can compensate ± 15% fluctuation of the grid voltage. In this condition, UPS supplies a stable sinusoidal voltage and maintains the input and out power balance by regulating the input current. The power balance is completed by cooperative work of the two converters, one converter operates in the rectifier state, and the other one operates in the inverter state, so that ensure the load is normal. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the power flow of Delta compensated UPS with the grid voltage fluctuation. Based on the control strategy given in this paper, Matlab simulation results verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and control strategy.

2022-07-09T04:21:36.900Z

We have fabricated a wedge-shaped silicon emitter using a new fabrication method. The method is based on anisotropic etching and local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), and makes the fabrication of wedge-shaped silicon emitters easy and reproducible without high-resolution lithography.

2022-07-23T20:20:53.710Z

Aus Rinde, Holz und Blattern von C. pulverulentum werden die Cneorum-Chromone C bis H mit den Strukturen 7a, 3a, 7d, 9a, 3c und 5 und Cneorum-Cumarin B (10b) isoliert. Synthesen der Chromone 2b, 3b und eine Partial-Synthese fur 7d aus 7a werden beschrieben. Extractives from Cneoraceae, IV Chromones and Coumarins from Cneorum pulverulentum From the bark, wood and leaves of C. pulverulentum, the Cneorum-chromones C–H (formulae 7a, 3a, 7d, 9a, 3c, and 5 respectively), and Cneorum-coumarin B (formula 10 b) have been isolated. Syntheses of the chromones 2b, 3b and a partial synthesis of 7d from 7a are described.

2022-09-14T05:04:13.858Z

Abstract Viticulture is a recent activity in Rio de Janeiro, which has been well adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the north and northwest regions of Rio de Janeiro. The aim of this study was to characterize the main socioenvironmental and technological aspects of grape production in these regions. Data were collected in 2017 and 2018, from the application of questionnaires to 16 grape producers in the regions, for descriptive statistical analysis and preparation of tables and graphs. In both regions small producers are the main investors. Most of them do not participate in associations and have technical assistance in particular. The region has favorable edaphoclimatic characteristics, mainly for the cultivation of rustic grapes, predominantly cultivar ‘Niagara Rosada’. Disease control is carried out in a preventive manner, with eleven applications ranging from sprouting to days before harvest. The regions present more than one harvest per year, having supply in the season and national off season. These results may support information on the characteristics of Rio de Janeiro’s viticulture, direct incentives for the activity and serve as a basis for further research, such as planning programs for grape production areas.

2022-11-11T08:19:10.899Z

خزه‌ها گیاهانی با اندازه کوچک، غیرآوندی و بی‌گل هستند. گونهForsstroemia remotifolia ، قبلا متعلق به‌تیره Leskeaceae  بوده و نام قدیمی آن Pseudoleskeella laxiramea (Schiffn.)Broth است که بر اساس جدیدترین تحقیقات صورت گرفته بر پایه ریخت‌شناسی، در تیره Neckeraceaeقرار داده شده است. در تحقیق حاضر، به‌منظور برطرف کردن ابهاماتی که در رده‌بندی این گونه وجود داشته است، بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و پالینولوژی در گونه‌های F. remotifolia، Homalia besseri و Pseudoleskeella catenulata ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد. نتایج حاصل از داده‌های کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC/MS) نشان داد که گونۀ‌ F. remotifoliaدارای 21 نوع اسید چرب، گونۀ H. besseriدارای 23 نوع اسید چرب و گونۀ P. catenulataدارای18 نوع اسید چرب است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های اسیدهای چرب بیان‌کننده 53/61 درصد تشابه در ترکیبات اسیدهای چرب در بین گونه‌های F. remotifolia و P. catenulata است. نتایج حاصل از داده‌های پالینولوژی نشان داد که شکل هاگ در جمعیت‌های مربوط به‌گونۀ F. remotifolia،کروی بوده و شکل هاگ در جمعیت‌های H. besseriبه‌صورت oblate است. شکل هاگ در جمعیت علی‌آباد (گلستان) متعلق به‌گونۀ H. besseri به‌صورت prolate بوده و همچنین شکل هاگ جمعیت‌ دودانگه (مازندران) متعلق به‌گونۀ P. catenulata به‌صورت کروی است. نتایج کلی حاصل از انجام بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و پالینولوژی بیانگر این واقعیت است که این نتایج کاملا با یکدیگر مطابقت داشته و نشان دهنده شباهت و نزدیکی گونه F. remotifoliaبه‌گونۀP. catenulata است.

2022-01-22T04:36:54.318Z

New regulatory requirements in Japan have strengthened the mitigation of damage caused by natural hazards, such as earthquakes, and the operational guide for safety improvement evaluation recommends the use of a probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) as the evaluation method in Japan. In the PRA of an earthquake, also known as the seismic PRA, one of the most important issues is the realistic assessment of the structural seismic response and the conditional damage probability (fragility) assessment using a realistic response assessment of nuclear buildings and equipment. Accordingly, we conducted this study both on the analysis methods used for realistic seismic response and assessment methods of seismic fragility to ensure the seismic safety of nuclear buildings and equipment. In this study, we use a three-dimensional (3D) structural model of a reactor building to conduct a nonlinear seismic response analysis for input ground motions beyond a design basis. In addition, we identify the failure mode of the structural components of the reactor building associated with the equipment and assess the seismic fragility based on the 3D behavior of the reactor building. The local response and detailed damage progress of the reactor building obtained through seismic response analysis are reported, along with the results of the seismic fragility assessment.

2022-01-27T10:57:49.167Z

Gia tăng dân số cũng như vấn đề đô thị hoá nhanh chóng làm tăng nhu cầu sử dụng nước đồng thời đặt ra nhiều vấn đề phải giải quyết liên quan đến việc khai thác, sử dụng và quản lý chất lượng. Một nghiên cứu cắt ngang được tiến hành từ tháng 10 năm 2016 đến tháng 10 năm 2017 trên 451 mẫu nước sinh hoạt đô thị tại tất cả nhà máy cung cấp nước trên địa bàn thành phố Cần Thơ nhằm đánh giá chất lượng nước và mô tả các yếu tố liên quan. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỷ lệ mẫu nước đạt tiêu chuẩn nhóm A theo Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia (QCVN 01/2009) là 77,2%. Nguy cơ ô nhiễm nguồn nước có tác động đến các chỉ tiêu: màu, độ đục, độ cứng, clorua, sắt, mangan, nitrit, sunfat, pecmanganat. Công suất nhà máy liên quan đến các chỉ tiêu: màu, độ đục, độ cứng, sắt, mangan, nitrit, sunfat. Mùa có liên quan đến các chỉ tiêu: độ đục, độ cứng, clorua, sắt tổng, mangan, nitrat, nitrit, sunfat. Vì thế cần tăng cường kiểm tra giám sát đảm bảo chất lượng nguồn nước thô thu vào, cũng như chú ý đến việc thay đổi quy trình công nghệ và yếu tố thời gian nước nguồn biến động trong năm.

2022-01-27T18:43:26.896Z

A escrita literaria, na segunda metade do seculo XIX, fornece visibilidade as percepcoes sensiveis de literatos e romancistas com relacao as contingencias historicas inerentes as experiencias da modernidade urbana. No entrecruzamento de textos literarios e tratados medicos, atencao especial recai sobre a nocao de degenerescencia, mobilizada pela intelectualidade oitocentista para articular hostilidades sociais e justificar temores acerca de um suposto declinio racial que se abate sobre a sociedade finissecular. O proposito deste artigo converge em problematizar os usos e as apropriacoes do lexico da degenerescencia pelo literato anglo-irlandes Bram Stoker na constituicao de personagens femininas e monstruosas em seu romance Dracula (1897). Palavras-chave: Historia e Literatura, Dracula, degenerescencia.

2022-02-09T05:57:37.806Z

Technical improvements have been made in the application of the phase shift method, recently developed and used in this laboratory to measure the absolute values of the rate constants of the reactions of O(^3P) atoms with ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene. More accurate rate constants have now been obtained for these olefins and the measurements have been also extended to three additional olefins (cis-2-butene, trimethylethylene, and tetramethylene).The mean least squares values of the rate constants of the reactions of O(^3P) with olefins at 26°C, expressed as k_2 × 10^(−9) (1./mole^2·sec), and their standard deviations are ethylene 0.43 ±0.05, propelene 2.02 ± 0.17, 1-butene 2.40 ± 0.32, isobutene 9.85 ± 1.34, cis-2-butene 9.00 ± 1.76, trimethylethylene 31.1 ± 3.0, and tetramethylethylene 44.4 ± 4.1. A value of (5.78 ± 0.08) × 10^(10)l.^2/mole^2·sec was obtained for the rate constant of the reaction O(^3P) + NO + M, with M = N_2O. Where comparison with the absolute rate constants in the literature is possible, agreement is very good, especially with some recent absolute values obtained by entirely different experimental techniques. Consistency with the relative rate constant of the O(^3P) reactions with olefins previously determined in this laboratory, is excellent.

2022-09-15T04:36:16.700Z

This research sought to evaluate the effect of marijuana use on creativity as defined by the term divergent thinking. Another objective was to verify if there was a difference in the creativity of regular users (60 participants) and that of novice users of marijuana (60 participants) under 3 experimental conditions: without marijuana, with placebo, and with marijuana. The 4 divergent thinking factors (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration) were measured by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Form A, Figural scale). The results showed that the use of marijuana had no positive effects on divergent thinking (creativity) in novice users and reduced it in regular users.

2022-12-15T12:59:18.489Z

The structure and tension of the interface between a fluid and a spherically shaped hard wall are studied theoretically. The authors show the equivalence of different expressions for the surface tension and Tolman length using the squared-gradient model and density functional theory with a nonlocal, integral expression for the interaction between molecules. Even though both these models yield equilibrium density profiles that do not satisfy the wall theorem, they still obey the basic requirement of mechanical equilibrium. The authors trace back the origin of the difference between these two observations to the (lack of) continuity of the cavity function at the hard wall.

2022-12-19T19:42:38.404Z

Sepsis, the commonest cause of late death following severe trauma, is related in part to inadequate uptake of amino acids (AA) and synthesis by the liver and other central tissues of proteins essential to immunological defense. Since 'central plasma clearance rate' of amino acids (CPCR-AA) has been found to reflect these functions, serial measurements of CPCR-AA were made in 32 seriously injured patients of whom ten died (31%), nine of sepsis. The mean Index Severity Score on admission for survivors was 31 +/- 1.8 and in deaths 34 +/- 3.9 (N.S.). The blood plasma AA concentrations were not significantly different. However, early in the course before the onset of infection, CPCR-AA in surviving patients was 227 +/- 30 and in those who ultimately died 83 +/- 24 ml/M2/min (p less than 0.001). Later during sepsis the values of CPCR-AA were 176 +/- 28 and 85 +/- 14 ml/M2/min, respectively (p less than 0.01). Thus CPCR-AA appears to be of value as an indicator of amino acid utilization by central tissues and as a predictor of survival or death following severe trauma.

2022-12-26T15:31:55.736Z

Distributed software subjects face the problem of determining one another's trustworthiness. The problem considered is managing the exchange of credentials between strangers for the purpose of property-based authentication and authorization when credentials are sensitive. An architecture for trust negotiation between client and server is presented. The notion of a trust negotiation strategy is introduced and examined with respect to an abstract model of trust negotiation. Two strategies with very different properties are defined and analyzed. A language of credential expressions is presented, with two example negotiations illustrating the two negotiation strategies. Ongoing work on policies governing credential disclosure and trust negotiation is summarized.

2022-12-27T20:22:25.948Z

Die therapeutischen Injektionen an der Wirbelsaule sind etablierte Verfahren in der Behandlung von spezifischen Schmerzen im Bereich der Hals-, Brust- und Lendenwirbelsaule. Die Injektionen konnen anatomisch landmarkenorientiert, fluoroskopisch und computertomografisch assistiert oder MRT-gesteuert erfolgen. Ziel dieser Ubersichtsarbeit ist es, einen orientierenden Uberblick uber die alternative Ultraschallsteuerung dieser Techniken zu vermitteln. Therapeutic injections of the spine are accepted options in the treatment of specific pain of the cervical-, thoracic- and lumbar spine. These procedures are performed by free-hand anatomical landmark orientation, under fluoroscopic and CT-scan assistance or MRI control. It is the aim of this overview article to give an orienting survey of the ultrasound-guided techniques.

2022-01-27T01:50:07.210Z