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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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p_6_b_9

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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35. Information on other emissions was clearly reported, including 43.43 Gg nitrogen oxides, 160.46 Gg carbon monoxide and 45.03 Gg non-methane volatile organic compounds.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_6_b_10

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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36. Emissions of CO2, N₂O, CH₁, HFCs, PFCs and SF, for some subcategories, primarily in the IPPU sector, and of precursor gases in sectors other than the energy sector were not reported in Cambodia's BUR.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_6_b_11

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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37. Cambodia applied notation keys in tables where numerical data were not provided. The use of notation keys was consistent with the UNFCCC guidelines for the preparation of NCs from non-Annex I Parties. Cambodia indicated in its BUR that notation keys were used in cases where emissions were not reported, and that the reason for using "NE" was the lack of information on AD for estimating the GHG emissions for the category. Cambodia also indicated in its BUR that priority was given to estimating GHGS as opposed to estimating precursor gas emissions in sectors other than energy.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_0

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Text

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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45. For the IPPU sector, information was clearly reported on GHG emissions from cement production (2.A.1), lubricant use (2.D.1), refrigeration and air conditioning (2.F.1) and fire protection (2.F.3). Emissions increased significantly from 1994 to 2016, mainly owing to emissions from cement production and refrigeration and air conditioning, both of which were not occurring and therefore produced no emissions in 1994. Emissions were estimated using the tier 1 approach, except for cement production, for which a hybrid tier 1/tier 2 approach

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_1

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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44. Information on emissions from railways and national navigation was not reported in the BUR. However, the Party provided relevant clarification in its BUR; namely, that data were not available to estimate these emissions.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_2

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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main used in transpo emissions from biomass are not included in the total emissions. The key category analysis (excluding FOLU) shows CO₂ emissions from liquid fuels (under 1.A.3.b), CO₂ emissions from solid and liquid fuels (under 1.A.1), CO₂ emissions from liquid fuels (under 1.A.2) and CH4 emissions from biomass (under 1.A.4 and 1.A.1) are among the 15 most important key categories (level or trend).

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_4

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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Shares of greenhouse gas emissions by sector of Cambodia for 2016

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_6

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Title

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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Table 2

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_9

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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39. Additional information on CO₂ emissions by sources and removals by sinks by landuse type under category 3.B (land) comparable to information in the tables included in annex 3A.2 to the IPCC good practice guidance for LULUCF was not reported in the BUR and the reason for this was not clear to the TTE.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_7_b_10

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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40. The shares of emissions that different sectors contributed to the Party's total GHG emissions excluding land and HWP (category 3.B and, if reported, 3.D), as reported by the Party, using information from the BUR, in 2016 are reflected in table 2.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_0

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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51. For the waste sector, information was clearly reported on GHG emissions for all categories: solid waste disposal on land (4.A), biological treatment of solid waste (4.B), incineration and open burning of waste (4.C) and wastewater treatment and discharge (4.D). The GHG emission trends of the waste sector were driven by an increase in the urban population and improvements in sanitation and waste management. AD and other parameters used to estimate emissions from the waste sector were obtained from several sources, including country-specific information and statistics, dedicated studies and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Default EFs and methodologies from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were used. Tier 1 methodologies were applied. Solid waste disposal (CH₂) (4.A.1), open burning of waste (CO₂ and CH₂) (4.C.2) and domestic wastewater treatment and discharge (CH₂) (4.D.1) are among the 15 most important key categories (excluding FOLU) for level or trend.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_1

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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50. The Party reported information on the 2016 AD used, which were extrapolated from 2010-2014 AD rather than derived from the 2016 land-cover or land-use map in the technical annex. Further, CO₂ emissions and removals from the conversion of natural forest to plantation were excluded from the total CO₂ emissions and removals in the AFOLU sector. These approaches to reporting information in the BUR were not clear to the TTE. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that the GHG inventory for the AFOLU sector was prepared before the 2016 land-cover or land-use map became available. The Party also clarified that the approach of excluding CO₂ emissions and removals from the total CO₂ emissions and removals in the AFOLU sector was taken to ensure consistency between the GHG inventory and REDD+ reporting. For reporting under REDD+, CO₂ emissions and removals from the conversion of natural forest to plantation were excluded in line with the safeguard that REDD+ activities should not involve the conversion of natural forests.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_2

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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46. Information on emissions from sources other than categories 2.A.1, 2.D.1, 2.F.1 and 2.F.3 was not reported in the BUR. However, the Party provided relevant clarification in its BUR: the lack of reliable statistics for many sources in the IPPU sector has resulted in an incomplete inventory. Information on iron and steel production (2.C.1) was also not clearly reported. While the Party stated in the BUR that the metal industry does not exist in Cambodia, "NE" was inserted in the reporting table of the BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party confirmed that the metal industry does not exist in the country, and that the notation key will be revised to "NO".

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_3

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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was used. AD for cement production were provided by the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft and by one production plant, AD for lubricants were obtained from national energy statistics, and AD for the fluorinated gases under category 2.F were obtained from a study carried out by the National Ozone Unit of the Ministry of Environment on HFCs consumed in the country. EFs were default values from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. Cement production (CO₂) and refrigeration and air conditioning (HFCs) are among the 15 most important key categories (excluding FOLU) for level or trend.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_4

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Text

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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49. Information on carbon stock changes in deadwood organic matter and soils for category 3.B (land) was not reported in the BUR. However, the Party provided relevant clarification in its BUR and its forest reference level submission, that is, that data were available. Additional information on carbon stock changes in living biomass by source and/or sink and by land-use type was not reported in the BUR and the reason for this was not clear to the TTE.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_5

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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47. For categories 3.A and 3.C under the AFOLU sector from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, rice cultivation (CH4) and enteric fermentation (CH4) were identified as key categories and the most relevant emissions sources in the sector. Cambodia used EFs from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The Party reported actual AD (e.g. the number of livestock and the amount of fertilizer used) in the BUR, which facilitates a better understanding of the information reported.

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_8_b_6

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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48. For land and HWP (categories 3.B and 3.D), Cambodia reported annual GHG emissions and removals for 1994-2016. Overall, the net removals from land and HWP (categories 3.B and 3.D) fluctuated between a minimum of 27,019 Gg CO2 eq in 1994 and a maximum of 131,011 Gg CO₂ eq in 2016. HWP (category 3.D) is reported as "NE" for the whole time series (1994-2016).

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_0

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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54. The BUR provides an update to all GHG inventories reported in the Party's previous NCs. The information reported provides an update of the Party's NC1 and NC2, which addressed anthropogenic emissions and removals for 1994 and 2000, respectively. The update was carried out for 1994-2000 using the methodologies contained in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, thus generating a consistent 23-year time series, 1994-2016. The Party reported that it has recalculated emissions for all sectors for 1994-2000 owing to changes in methodologies, as the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were used for the entire time series reported in the BUR. Information on AD and EFs used and their sources was clearly reported in the BUR.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_1

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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55. The Party reported that recalculations were performed using updated AD, where available. The recalculations for 2000 resulted in a decrease in emissions of 25 per cent (excluding FOLU) compared with the inventory reported in NC2. The main difference from previous inventories is found in the FOLU sector, where total emissions change from a net sink (-24,566 Gg CO₂ eq) for 2000 in Cambodia's NC2 to a net source (27,019 Gg CO₂ eq) for 2000 in its BUR. The new information gathered within the forest reference level framework has permitted an improvement in the data for this sector for 2006-2014, which allows the use of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. However, the data for 1994-2005 were extrapolated from the data for 2006-2010 to keep time-series consistency. The GHG inventories for 1994-2016 reported in the BUR are consistent.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_2

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

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56. Cambodia described in its BUR the institutional framework for the preparation of its 2016 GHG inventory. The Party reported that NCSD is the governmental body responsible for its climate change policy and the GHG inventory, which was prepared with the support of the United Nations Development Programme, which assisted Cambodia in designing its GHG inventory system. In the chapter on institutional arrangements in its BUR, Cambodia provided an informative figure showing the institutional arrangements for GHG inventory compilation (figure 4).

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_3

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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57. Information on efforts to make GHG inventory preparation a continuous process was not clearly reported in the BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party explained that the Department of Climate Change is the institution that coordinates and facilitates the development of the BUR with representatives of ministries who change over time. The GHG inventory is part of Cambodia's domestic MRV arrangements (see paras. 26-27 above).

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_4

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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59. The BUR provides information on QA/QC measures for all sectors. The information reported includes a description of general QC procedures, as well as category-specific QC procedures. Final QA checks and the procedure for official consideration and approval of the inventory are also described. The TTE commends Cambodia for providing information in accordance with the IPCC good practice guidance.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_5

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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60. Cambodia reported information on CO₂ fuel combustion using the sectoral approach. The information reported indicates that the combustion emissions estimated under the sectoral approach are 8,845.29 Gg while no value was provided under the reference approach. Even though no value was provided for the reference approach the Party reported the difference between the sectoral and reference approach as 7.73 per cent for 2016.

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_6

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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58. Cambodia clearly reported that a key category analysis was performed for both the level and the trend in emissions, with and without FOLU, using approach 1.

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_9_b_7

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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52. Information on GHG emissions from waste incineration (4.C.1) and open burning of waste (4.C.2) in landfills was not reported in the BUR. However, the Party provided relevant clarification in its BUR, indicating that emissions from controlled waste incineration were not included under category 4.C, although this activity might occur. The amount of waste burned in landfills was not estimated owing to limited data, and if estimated, could increase emissions from the open burning of waste.

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53. Information on emissions from the waste sector was not consistent between the BUR and the NIR. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that during the development of the BUR, there was intensive discussion among different experts who had not been involved during the development of the NIR. The experts advised Cambodia to take additional information into account, which resulted in slight differences between the emissions from the waste sector reported in the NIR and those reported in the BUR. Cambodia considers that the data presented in the BUR are the most accurate.

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68. CCCSP is of strategic importance; the Party reported that the plan is a significant step towards embedding climate change in the National Strategic Development Plan 2014-2018 and in the sectoral development plans of all relevant ministries. CCCSP sets objectives for developing concrete and appropriate measures and actions related to climate change adaptation and mitigation. It reflects the country's political will, firm commitment and readiness for reducing climate change impacts on national development and contributing to global efforts to mitigate GHG emissions. Further, it sets out strategies and actions for the short, medium and long term. The Party reported that 14 ministries have prepared CCAPS, outlined priority mitigation actions (table 74 of the BUR) and provided detailed information on its main sectoral instruments for mitigation. Most of the mitigation actions reported relate to the energy sector.

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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64. In its BUR Cambodia indicated that it chose the upper values of the default uncertainty ranges given in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that the upper values were chosen consistently with a conservative principle, which it considered appropriate given the absence of country-specific information.

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67. The information reported provides a clear and comprehensive overview of the Party's mitigation actions and their effects. In its BUR, Cambodia reported information on its national context and framed its mitigation planning and actions in the context of national and sectoral development policies, strategies and action plans. In its BUR, Cambodia highlighted the importance of the national policies and strategies developed to guide future growth towards low-carbon, climate-resilient and sustainable development. Cambodia reported that climate change has been mainstreamed and integrated into its development plans, including mitigation. Cambodia also reported that it has developed a series of national policies, strategies and action plans (see table 72 of the BUR). These outline its policy targets, steps to achieve them and approaches to implementation, respectively.

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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63. Cambodia reported information on the uncertainty assessment (level) of its national GHG inventory. The uncertainty analysis was based on the tier 1 approach and covers all source categories and all direct GHGs. The results obtained, as reported in the BUR, reveal that the level uncertainty for emissions is 82 per cent (including FOLU) and the trend uncertainty is 90 per cent (including FOLU).

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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61. Information on the combustion emissions estimated under the reference approach was not reported in the BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that some important data were missing (e.g. for the energy sector). To estimate the reference approach, assumptions were made based on discussions with key stakeholders and on expert judgment. The assumptions used relevant historical data and trends. No explanation for the difference reported between the sectoral and reference approach was provided in the BUR. However, the Party provided relevant clarification in its BUR, indicating that information to explain the difference is not available.

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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69. Cambodia reported on its NDC, which was submitted in September 2015, and outlined its planned actions to reduce GHG emissions. Cambodia also reported that it will unconditionally reduce GHG emissions by 2030 to a maximum of 27 per cent (equivalent to

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62. Information was clearly reported on international aviation and marine bunker fuels. Emissions were reported for international aviation while emissions from marine bunker fuels were reported as "NE". The Party provided relevant clarification in its BUR, indicating that data are not available to estimate emissions from marine bunker fuels.

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65. The TTE noted that the transparency of the information reported on GHG inventories could be further enhanced by addressing the areas noted in paragraphs 30, 33, 36, 39, 46, 49, 53, 57 and 61 above, which could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported on GHG inventories.

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Mitigation actions and their effects, including associated methodologies and assumptions

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66. As indicated in table 1.2, Cambodia reported in its BUR, mostly in accordance with paragraphs 11-13 of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURS, information on mitigation actions and their effects, to the extent possible.

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75. The mitigation actions in the AFOLU sector focused mainly on avoiding planned or unplanned deforestation (or both) and native grassland conversion. All these actions were reported as ongoing, with an expected lifetime of between 30 and 60 years, and all the actions are currently implemented as voluntary emission reduction projects. The Party reported the results of implementing these mitigation actions as emission reductions, with the Southern Cardamom REDD+ Project having the most significant reduction, estimated to amount to 3,982,378 t CO₂ eq/year. Cambodia anticipates the following co-benefits from these actions: direct employment, alternative income-generating activities, improved health and education facilities, conservation of biodiversity and protection of many species listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Cambodia also reported on a mitigation action aimed at the sustainable production of charcoal and the provision of support for forest restoration in protected areas. This action was reported as planned, as the corresponding NAMA is still under preparation, and the Party reported the results of implementing it as an estimated emission reduction of 288.3 kt CO₂ eq/year.

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72. Information on the progress indicators of actions 1 and 2 was not clearly reported in annex V to the BUR. Further, it was not clear to the TTE how the NDC mitigation actions reported in the BUR relate to the other mitigation actions presented in tabular format. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it needs capacity for reporting on progress indicators for the defined mitigation actions in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURs, and that the actions reported in annex V to the BUR are part of the NDC mitigation actions.

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3.1 Mt CO₂ eq) of emissions below the 'business as usual' scenario in the energy, manufacturing and transportation sectors. The energy sector will be the main source of emission reductions. This value can increase, conditional on the country receiving the necessary international support, by 10.6 Mt CO₂ eq, which would be achieved by increasing forest cover to 60 per cent of total land through the implementation of forest programmes.

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71. Consistently with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 12(a), Cambodia reported the names of mitigation actions or groups of actions, coverage (sector and gases) and progress indicators in annex V to the BUR. A description of mitigation actions, as well as information on quantitative goals, was provided in the BUR. The Party also reported on its national policy and planning framework in section 1 of the chapter on mitigation actions. Further, in this section, Cambodia reported on the sectoral CCAPS for 2014-2018, in addition to the different national and sectoral strategies.

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73. Information describing quantitative goals and progress indicators for the defined priority actions under the sectoral CCAPS, and the quantitative goals for several sectoral strategic plans (e.g. Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan, Climate Change Strategic Plan for Transport Sector), was not reported in the BUR and the reason for this was not clear to the TTE. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it faced challenges in reporting such information for CCAPs, noting in particular that it does not have a proper monitoring system in place. Also during the technical analysis, the Party clarified that some of the sectoral strategic plans have only qualitative goals.

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76. The mitigation actions in the energy sector focused mainly on renewable energy generation and involve operationalizing four hydropower plants and a rice husk power plant, and implementing a programme for waste-to-energy biomass gasification facilities and a programme focusing on energy efficiency and renewable energy for small-scale drinking

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70. The Party reported a summary of its mitigation actions in tabular format in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 11. The summary includes information on 20 actions: 4 related to AFOLU, 6 to energy, 4 to combined energy and waste, 3 to combined energy and AFOLU, 2 to combined energy and industry, and 1 to combined AFOLU and industry. The Party also reported information on some of its mitigation actions in narrative format in section 2.3 of the BUR (mitigation actions chapter). The Party reported on the priority CCAP mitigation actions and the planned NDC mitigation actions in sections 1.4 and 2.1 of the BUR, respectively.

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74. Cambodia reported information on methodologies and assumptions and the objectives of the actions and steps taken or envisaged to achieve those actions for the mitigation actions in the AFOLU, energy, waste and IPPU sectors.

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80. The methodology used for action 6 (on sustainable charcoal) was not reported in the BUR, and the reason for this was not clear to the TTE. In addition, owing to inconsistencies in the reported data, the following was not clearly reported in Cambodia's BUR: information on methodologies used for action 5 (on energy efficiency in the garment industry); exact progress of implementation for actions 4 (the Oddar Meanchey Community Forest REDD Project), 5, 6 and 7 (the Biodigester Programme); and estimated emission reductions for actions 7 and 8 (on improved cookstoves). The assumptions used for estimating emission reductions for actions 5 and 6 were also not clearly reported. Finally, for actions 1, 2, 3 and 4, it was not clear whether the reported steps were taken or envisaged, as they were reported together, without distinction. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it faces challenges in the MRV system in terms of (1) coordination among different ministries and institutes and (2) access to and verification of data from the implementing entities of the mitigation actions. The Party also clarified that inconsistencies were a result of the data on methodology and estimated emission reductions received from the implementing entities being reported without verification. The Party noted that it needs to enhance its capacity in this regard.

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81. Regarding the national policy and planning framework reported in section 1 of the chapter on mitigation actions, information on methodology, progress of implementation and estimated outcomes for the defined priority actions under the sectoral CCAPS was not reported in the BUR and the reason for this was not clear to the TTE. The same applies for the progress of implementation of the NDC mitigation actions reported in the BUR and several sectoral strategic plans (e.g. Agricultural Sector Strategic Development Plan, Climate Change Strategic Plan for Transport Sector). During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that owing to limited financial resources, most of the NDC mitigation actions and the

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water treatment facilities. All these actions were reported as ongoing, and they are implemented as CDM projects. The Party reported the results of implementing these mitigation actions as emission reductions, with the Lower Stung Russei Chrum and Stung Tatay hydroelectric projects having the most significant reductions, estimated at 701,199 and 563,074 t CO₂ eq/year, respectively. Cambodia anticipates the following co-benefits from these actions: more job opportunities for the local community, reduced adverse health impacts from air pollution and alleviated poverty through a reduced dependence on diesel for energy generation.

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79. The mitigation actions in the industry sector focused mainly on energy efficiency and fuel switching. The first mitigation action is a programme for enhancing energy efficiency and using agricultural waste as a source of energy in the garments industry (the main industry in Cambodia), while the second mitigation action is waste heat recovery in a cement plant. The garments programme was reported as planned, as the corresponding NAMA is under preparation, and the anticipated result of its implementation is an emission reduction of 120,000 t CO₂ eq over the next five years. The cement plant project was reported as an ongoing CDM project with emission reductions estimated at 17,107 t CO₂ eq/year.

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77. Cambodia reported on two mitigation actions that save energy and contribute to deforestation by employing more efficient cookstoves and biodigesters. The cookstoves project was reported as completed, while the biodigesters programme was reported to be in the third implementation phase (2019-2025); both are voluntary emission reduction actions. The Party reported the results of implementing both programmes as emission reductions: the cookstoves project was estimated to result in a reduction in emissions of 2,008,739 t CO₂ eq during 2003-2013 and the biodigesters programme was estimated to result in a reduction in emissions of 457,791 t CO₂ eq between May 2009 and December 2015. Cambodia also reported values for the co-benefits of the biodigesters programme, which included the percentage reduction in particulate matter, value of expenditure savings per household per year and number of personnel trained to build and operate the biodigesters.

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78. The mitigation actions in the waste sector focused mainly on generating energy from wastewater treatment plants by capturing CH, at four facilities. All these actions were reported as ongoing, and they are implemented as CDM projects. The Party reported the results of implementing these mitigation actions as emission reductions, with the MH BioEthanol Distillery and TTY Cambodia biogas projects having the most significant emission reductions, estimated at 58,146 and 50,036 t CO2 eq/year, respectively.

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83. Cambodia provided information on its involvement in international market mechanisms as a Party to the Kyoto Protocol. The Party reported information on three types of market-based mechanisms: CDM, joint crediting mechanism and voluntary emission reduction. Further, the Party included the CDM and voluntary emission reductions as part of its mitigation actions reported in annex V to the BUR (see paras. 75-80 above). Cambodia documented 12 CDM projects, including two programmes of activities approved by its designated national authority and verified under the CDM process. Since 2014, Cambodia has had an agreement with the Government of Japan on establishing joint crediting mechanism projects.

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Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

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84. Cambodia documented six joint crediting mechanism projects, four of which have been completed. The project with the most significant emission reduction potential is the Prey Lang REDD+ project, which is in the installation phase and has an estimated emission reduction of 1,136,158 t CO /year. In addition, Cambodia reported on six voluntary emission reduction projects, including four REDD+ projects and two energy projects - five of these are registered under the Verified Carbon Standard and one is registered under the Gold Standard. For all the above-mentioned mechanisms, the reported statistics include information on the total projects, sectors covered, registration date and quantity of certified emission reductions issued for Cambodia.

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86. Cambodia reported information on its domestic MRV arrangements in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 13. The information reported indicates that Cambodia has in place a domestic MRV system for mitigation actions designed as NAMAS and those under international carbon market-based mechanisms. Cambodia reported that the MRV of NAMAs aims mainly to capture sustainable development co-benefits and GHG emission reduction benefits. Further, Cambodia reported consistently with the voluntary general guidelines for domestic MRV of domestically supported NAMAS, contained in the annex to decision 21/CP.19. Cambodia outlined the institutional arrangements for NAMAS, the responsibilities of the implementing entity of NAMAS (regarding data collection, monitoring and reporting) and the approaches and roles of the verification entity of NAMAS. Cambodia reported its willingness to develop an integrated and detailed MRV system for NDC tracking.

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85. Information on the implementation status of some of the CDM actions (specifically 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19 and 20) was not clearly reported in the BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that coordination is poor between the specific CDM project implementer and the institution overseeing the CDM (General Secretariat of the NCSD). The TTE notes that reporting on international market mechanisms together with national mitigation actions in the same section of the BUR results in a lack of clarity, because the emission reductions generated by national mitigation actions are usually accounted for by the host country, whereas the emission reductions generated under international market mechanisms should be accounted for by the countries purchasing the certified emission reductions. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that capacity-building is required in this area.

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activities under the sectoral strategic plans were not yet implemented, and that only some actions under the CCAPS had been implemented. The Party also clarified that it does not have enough capacity to develop an estimation methodology and report on the estimated outcomes of the actions under CCAPS, and that it faces challenges in the MRV system in terms of coordination among different ministries and institutes, and access to and verification of data from the implementing entities of the mitigation actions.

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82. Further, the implementation status of CCCSP was not clearly reported. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that CCCSP is currently in the long phase (2019-2023), and that climate change considerations have been integrated into the work of key line ministries and institutions in addition to being mainstreamed in academia. The Party also clarified that while some of the planned mitigation actions under CCCSP have been implemented (some of the actions reported in the BUR relate to CCCSP) others have not because of the limited financial support available.

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87. Information on the domestic MRV system applied and the institutional arrangements relevant to mitigation actions that are not developed as NAMAS and are not related to international carbon market-based mechanisms was not clearly reported in the BUR. During

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93. Information on the Party's technical support needs, and on whether it faces financial constraints in implementing mitigation actions generally and the priority mitigation actions under the CCAPs specifically, was not clearly reported in Cambodia's BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that it requires technical support to address the technology gaps identified, and that it faces critical financial constraints for implementing mitigation actions owing to the difficulty in accessing international support. The Party also clarified that the budget required for mitigation actions under the CCAPS has been prepared; however, it was not reported in the BUR.

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94. Cambodia reported information on financial resources, technology transfer, capacitybuilding and technical support received in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 15. In its BUR, Cambodia reported that it received USD 832,000 from the Global Environment Facility, which included an allocation for preparing both its first BUR and its NC3, and USD 136,000 from the United Nations Environment Programme for the preparation of its intended nationally determined contribution. In table 83 of the BUR, Cambodia listed the projects implemented with international support for which climate action

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92. Cambodia reported that the Government is shifting towards a full-scale implementation of climate change response actions, including mitigation. Hence, the Party plans to address its financial, technical and capacity-building needs in order to streamline effective climate change response actions into all its development areas. Cambodia reported that its main needs are securing the financial support required for implementing its national adaptation plan and CCAP actions, promoting and mobilizing resources for effectively implementing the prioritized technologies identified in its technology needs assessment, and addressing its capacity constraints identified in paragraph 91 above.

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91. For the constraints and gaps related to mitigation, Cambodia reported on the challenges it faced in developing NAMAs, especially for the transport, energy and waste sectors. For continuous development of the GHG inventory, Cambodia reported the main challenges as being limited AD, the absence of a system for compiling the inventory, limited national capacity to develop the inventory, and limited financial support for inventory preparation. Cambodia also reported on the capacity constraints faced, which mainly relate to GHG inventories, mitigation, climate vulnerability assessment and adaptation measures, and climate finance.

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88. The TTE noted that the transparency of the information reported on mitigation actions could be enhanced by addressing the areas noted in paragraphs 72-73, 80-82, 85 and 87 above, which could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported on mitigation

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Constraints and gaps, and related technology, financial, technical and capacitybuilding needs, including a description of support needed and received

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89. As indicated in table L.3, Cambodia reported in its BUR, mostly in accordance with paragraphs 14-16 of the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURS, information on finance, technology and capacity-building needs and support received.

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90. Cambodia reported information on constraints and gaps, and related financial, technical and capacity-building needs in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 14. In its BUR, Cambodia identified its main constraints and gaps as relating to finance, technology transfer, mitigation, continuous development of the GHG inventory, and the capacity of national experts. Cambodia reported that insufficient finance mobilized for climate action remains a key barrier, although significant milestones have been achieved. In table 85 of the BUR, Cambodia identified a financing gap of USD 802.6 million to implement the actions identified in its national adaptation plan. For technology transfer, Cambodia highlighted the limited success of applying the technologies identified as nationally determined technology needs (energy-efficient lighting and household appliances for the energy sector, and energy-efficient urban mass transport and vehicle emission standards for the transport sector).

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96. Information on the specific projects listed in table 83 of the BUR that provided technical support and on the amount of financial support provided for capacity-building activities was not clearly reported in Cambodia's BUR. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that there was a technical support component in each of the projects outlined in table 83, and that the total financial support received, including for capacity-building activities, was USD 250 million. The Party also clarified that the amount needed for climate change support is USD 1,250 million.

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98. Information on the international support received for technology transfer was reported in Cambodia's BUR and the reason for this was not clear to the TTE. During the technical analysis, the Party clarified that, since the development of the technology action plan, the progress of implementation has been very slow, and there is no plan for monitoring project implementation after approval of the technology needs assessment and technology action plan.

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was the main objective, which amounted to about USD 137 million. The main donors of the projects were the Adaptation Fund, the Danish International Development Agency, the European Union, the Least Developed Countries Fund, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Environment Programme.

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95. Cambodia reported that 86 per cent of the international financial support received in 2017 was for adaptation and cross-cutting activities, while 14 per cent was for mitigation. The information reported indicates that Cambodia received capacity-building support from the Asian Development Bank, Denmark, the European Union, Japan, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank, and other bilateral and multilateral donors for training on using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, supporting the CDM and new market mechanisms, developing a forest degradation index, training on mitigation analysis, and long-term training for programmes in academia related to climate change.

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97. Cambodia reported information on nationally determined technology needs with regard to the development and transfer of technology in accordance with decision 2/CP.17, annex III, paragraph 16. In its BUR, Cambodia reported that the technology needs assessment was nationally determined and the associated technology action plan was prepared in 2013. Table 86 of the BUR lists the seven project ideas identified in the technology action plan for energy-efficient home appliances for the energy sector and for energy-efficient urban mass transport and vehicle emission standards for the transport sector.

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D. Identification of capacity-building needs

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100. In consultation with Cambodia, the TTE identified the following needs for capacity- building that could facilitate the preparation of subsequent BURs and participation in ICA:

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99. The TTE noted that the transparency of the information reported on needs and support received could be further enhanced by addressing the areas noted in paragraphs 93, 96 and 98 above, which could facilitate a better understanding of the information reported on needs and support received.

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nan

p_15_b_8

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(1) Strengthening national capacity to manage and update the national GHG inventory for all sectors as a continuous process, specifically capacity-building, as hands-on training is needed to understand the assumptions made and how to use available data in the model that was developed for preparing the GHG inventory;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_15_b_11

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

Building institutional capacity to establish a continuous process, encompassing procedures and arrangements, for inventory preparation, with a focus on strengthening cooperation with relevant government bodies;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_15_b_12

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(iii) Building institutional capacity, with a focus on strengthening cooperation with relevant government bodies and improving the system for data collection and management, and striving to improve completeness of data;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_0

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Text

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(ix) Enhancing the MRV system for the international market-based mechanisms to acquire carbon credits to enable mandatory annual reporting from the implementing entity of the CDM to the national institution in charge of the CDM that shows project status, ex post annual GHG emission reductions and whether the project generated certified emission reductions;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_1

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Text

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(vii) Reporting the description, quantitative goals and progress indicators for the defined mitigation actions in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on BURS (including for planned actions);

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_2

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Text

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(x) Enhancing national capacity to identify the ownership of emission reductions generated by different project types (e.g. national mitigation projects, projects under international market mechanisms) and to avoid potential double counting by the host country in its NDC, including capacity-building, under the relevant Articles of the Paris Agreement (Articles 4 and 6);

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_3

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Text

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(xi) Enhancing national capacity to model the GHG impacts of mitigation actions and make assumptions where complete data are not available;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_4

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(c) In the area of needs and support:

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_6

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

Enhancing national capacity to estimate indirect GHGs (nitrogen oxides, nonmethane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide) for sectors other than energy;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_7

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(vi) Enhancing national capacity to collect appropriate data to estimate the reference approach and to explain the difference between the sectoral and the reference approach;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6

MAIN

nan

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

nan

p_16_b_8

https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/tasr2020_KHM.pdf

Ambiguous

Technical analysis of the first biennial update report of Cambodia submitted on 14 August 2020. Summary report by the team of technical experts

PUBLISHED

nan

UNFCCC.family.1328.0

en

(vii) Enhancing national capacity to improve uncertainty assumptions to better reflect national circumstances;

UNFCCC.non-party.1328.0

application/pdf

4e6f0eec934e75d5b6dddd51d38755f0

technical-analysis-of-the-first-biennial-update-report-of-cambodia-submitted-on-14-august-2020-summary-report-by-the-team-of-technical-experts_8df6