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12719097
[ "PURPOSE:", "To", "describe", "a", "French", "family", "with", "the", "incomplete", "type", "of", "X-linked", "congenital", "stationary", "night", "blindness", "(CSNB2)", "associated", "with", "a", "novel", "mutation", "in", "the", "retina-specific", "calcium", "channel", "alpha(1)", "subunit", "gene", "(CACNA1F).", "DESIGN:", "Interventional", "case", "report.", "METHODS:", "Two", "family", "members", "with", "a", "history", "of", "nonprogressive", "night", "blindness", "and", "subnormal", "visual", "acuity", "were", "clinically", "examined", "and", "the", "genotype", "determined", "by", "molecular", "genetic", "analysis.", "RESULT:", "Both", "patients", "had", "clinical", "manifestations", "characteristic", "of", "CSNB2.", "Electrophysiologically,", "we", "found", "a", "predominant", "reduction", "of", "the", "ERG", "B-wave", "in", "the", "maximal", "response.", "Both", "rod", "and", "cone", "function", "were", "subnormal,", "with", "the", "latter", "tending", "to", "be", "more", "attenuated.", "We", "identified", "a", "C", "deletion", "at", "nucleotide", "position", "4548,", "resulting", "in", "a", "frameshift", "with", "a", "predicted", "premature", "termination", "at", "codon", "1524.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "The", "clinical", "and", "genetic", "study", "of", "a", "novel", "mutation", "in", "the", "CACNA1F", "gene", "adds", "further", "support", "to", "the", "contention", "that", "CSNB2", "represents", "a", "genetically", "distinct", "retinal", "disorder", "of", "a", "calcium", "channel." ]
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PURPOSE: To describe a French family with the incomplete type of X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2) associated with a novel mutation in the retina-specific calcium channel alpha(1) subunit gene (CACNA1F). DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: Two family members with a history of nonprogressive night blindness and subnormal visual acuity were clinically examined and the genotype determined by molecular genetic analysis. RESULT: Both patients had clinical manifestations characteristic of CSNB2. Electrophysiologically, we found a predominant reduction of the ERG B-wave in the maximal response. Both rod and cone function were subnormal, with the latter tending to be more attenuated. We identified a C deletion at nucleotide position 4548, resulting in a frameshift with a predicted premature termination at codon 1524. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and genetic study of a novel mutation in the CACNA1F gene adds further support to the contention that CSNB2 represents a genetically distinct retinal disorder of a calcium channel.
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19101703
[ "Study", "of", "a", "Taiwanese", "family", "with", "oculopharyngeal", "muscular", "dystrophy." ]
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Study of a Taiwanese family with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
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19897031
[]
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15768551
[ "Hb", "zoeterwoude", "[beta23(B5)", "Val-->Ala", ")]:", "a", "new", "beta-globin", "variant", "found", "in", "association", "with", "erythrocytosis." ]
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Hb zoeterwoude [beta23(B5) Val-->Ala )]: a new beta-globin variant found in association with erythrocytosis.
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18827003
[ "CONTEXT:", "Interindividual", "variations", "in", "glucocorticoid", "sensitivity", "have", "been", "associated", "with", "manifestations", "of", "cortisol", "excess", "or", "deficiency", "and", "may", "be", "partly", "explained", "by", "polymorphisms", "in", "the", "human", "glucocorticoid", "receptor", "(hGR)", "gene.", "We", "studied", "a", "43-yr-old", "female,", "who", "presented", "with", "manifestations", "consistent", "with", "tissue-selective", "glucocorticoid", "hypersensitivity.", "We", "detected", "a", "novel,", "single,", "heterozygous", "nucleotide", "(G", "-->", "C)", "substitution", "at", "position", "1201", " ", "(exon", "2)", "of", "the", "hGR", "gene,", "which", "resulted", "in", "aspartic", "acid", "to", "histidine", "substitution", "at", "amino", "acid", "position", "401", "in", "the", "amino-terminal", "domain", "of", "the", "hGRalpha.", "We", "investigated", "the", "molecular", "mechanisms", "of", "action", "of", "the", "natural", "mutant", "receptor", "hGRalpha", "D401H", ".", "METHODS-RESULTS:", "Compared", "with", "the", "wild-type", "hGRalpha,", "the", "mutant", "receptor", "hGRalpha", "D401H", " ", "demonstrated", "a", "2.4-fold", "increase", "in", "its", "ability", "to", "transactivate", "the", "glucocorticoid-inducible", "mouse", "mammary", "tumor", "virus", "promoter", "in", "response", "to", "dexamethasone", "but", "had", "similar", "affinity", "for", "the", "ligand", "(dissociation", "constant", "=", "6.2", "+/-", "0.6", "vs.", "6.1", "+/-", "0.6", "nm)", "and", "time", "to", "nuclear", "translocation", "(14.75", "+/-", "0.25", "vs.", "14.25", "+/-", "1.13", "min).", "The", "mutant", "receptor", "hGRalpha", "D401H", " ", "did", "not", "exert", "a", "dominant", "positive", "or", "negative", "effect", "upon", "the", "wild-type", "receptor,", "it", "preserved", "its", "ability", "to", "bind", "to", "glucocorticoid", "response", "elements,", "and", "displayed", "a", "normal", "interaction", "with", "the", "glucocorticoid", "receptor-interacting", "protein", "1", "coactivator.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "The", "mutant", "receptor", "hGRalpha", "D401H", " ", "enhances", "the", "transcriptional", "activity", "of", "glucocorticoid-responsive", "genes.", "The", "presence", "of", "the", "D401H", " ", "mutation", "may", "predispose", "subjects", "to", "obesity,", "hypertension,", "and", "other", "manifestations", "of", "the", "metabolic", "syndrome." ]
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CONTEXT: Interindividual variations in glucocorticoid sensitivity have been associated with manifestations of cortisol excess or deficiency and may be partly explained by polymorphisms in the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) gene. We studied a 43-yr-old female, who presented with manifestations consistent with tissue-selective glucocorticoid hypersensitivity. We detected a novel, single, heterozygous nucleotide (G --> C) substitution at position 1201 (exon 2) of the hGR gene, which resulted in aspartic acid to histidine substitution at amino acid position 401 in the amino-terminal domain of the hGRalpha. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of action of the natural mutant receptor hGRalpha D401H . METHODS-RESULTS: Compared with the wild-type hGRalpha, the mutant receptor hGRalpha D401H demonstrated a 2.4-fold increase in its ability to transactivate the glucocorticoid-inducible mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in response to dexamethasone but had similar affinity for the ligand (dissociation constant = 6.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.6 nm) and time to nuclear translocation (14.75 +/- 0.25 vs. 14.25 +/- 1.13 min). The mutant receptor hGRalpha D401H did not exert a dominant positive or negative effect upon the wild-type receptor, it preserved its ability to bind to glucocorticoid response elements, and displayed a normal interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 coactivator. CONCLUSIONS: The mutant receptor hGRalpha D401H enhances the transcriptional activity of glucocorticoid-responsive genes. The presence of the D401H mutation may predispose subjects to obesity, hypertension, and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome.
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20202300
[ "SETTING:", "Multidrug-resistant", "tuberculosis", "(MDR-TB)", "is", "a", "serious", "health", "problem", "in", "Eastern", "European", "countries,", "including", "Latvia.", "OBJECTIVE:", "To", "investigate", "the", "proportion", "of", "tuberculosis,", "including", "MDR-TB", "cases,", "attributable", "to", "recent", "transmission", "and", "risk", "factors", "associated", "with", "clustering.", "DESIGN:", "Retrospective", "nested", "case-control", "study.", "The", "data", "set", "incorporated", "a", "wide", "spectrum", "of", "social", "features,", "as", "well", "as", "genotypes", "of", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "isolates", "determined", "by", "insertion", "sequence", "6110", "restriction", "fragment", "length", "polymorphism", "analysis", "of", "PvuII", "cleaved", "genomic", "DNA", "and", "spoligotyping.", "RESULTS:", "In", "comparison", "with", "non-clustered", "M.", "tuberculosis,", "the", "Beijing", "genotype", "(OR", "12.15)", "and", "multidrug", "resistance", "(OR", "5.61,", "P", "<", "0.01)", "were", "associated", "with", "clustering.", "In", "comparison", "with", "clustered", "drug-susceptible", "M.", "tuberculosis,", "clustering", "of", "MDR", "M.", "tuberculosis", "was", "associated", "with", "Beijing", "genotype", "(OR", "41.67),", "previous", "hospitalisation", "(OR", "18.33)", "and", "previous", "TB", "treatment", "(OR", "17.68,", "P", "<", "0.05).", "Direct", "epidemiological", "links", "in", "hospitals", "were", "found", "for", "almost", "one", "third", "(32%)", "of", "MDR", "Beijing", "cases.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "MDR", "cases", "were", "more", "likely", "to", "be", "found", "in", "clusters", "than", "drug-susceptible", "cases", "(74.0%", "vs.", "33.6%).", "Recent", "nosocomial", "transmission", "of", "MDR-TB", "is", "an", "important", "risk", "factor", "for", "the", "spread", "of", "multiresistance,", "and", "is", "associated", "with", "the", "Beijing", "genotype.", "Special", "attention", "should", "be", "paid", "to", "infection", "control", "measures", "in", "hospitals", "and", "ambulatory", "treatment", "should", "be", "enforced." ]
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SETTING: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious health problem in Eastern European countries, including Latvia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proportion of tuberculosis, including MDR-TB cases, attributable to recent transmission and risk factors associated with clustering. DESIGN: Retrospective nested case-control study. The data set incorporated a wide spectrum of social features, as well as genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates determined by insertion sequence 6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PvuII cleaved genomic DNA and spoligotyping. RESULTS: In comparison with non-clustered M. tuberculosis, the Beijing genotype (OR 12.15) and multidrug resistance (OR 5.61, P < 0.01) were associated with clustering. In comparison with clustered drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis, clustering of MDR M. tuberculosis was associated with Beijing genotype (OR 41.67), previous hospitalisation (OR 18.33) and previous TB treatment (OR 17.68, P < 0.05). Direct epidemiological links in hospitals were found for almost one third (32%) of MDR Beijing cases. CONCLUSIONS: MDR cases were more likely to be found in clusters than drug-susceptible cases (74.0% vs. 33.6%). Recent nosocomial transmission of MDR-TB is an important risk factor for the spread of multiresistance, and is associated with the Beijing genotype. Special attention should be paid to infection control measures in hospitals and ambulatory treatment should be enforced.
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14533983
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21976953
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15003823
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20606392
[ "BACKGROUND/AIMS:", "GH", "insensitivity", "and", "IGF", "deficiency", "may", "result", "from", "aberrations", "of", "the", "GH", "receptor", "(GHR).", "We", "describe", "a", "4-year-old", "child", "with", "modest", "growth", "failure", "and", "normal", "serum", "concentrations", "of", "GH-binding", "protein", "(GHBP),", "but", "clinical", "evidence", "of", "GH", "insensitivity.", "METHOD:", "Serum", "and", "DNA", "samples", "from", "the", "proband", "and", "his", "parents", "were", "analyzed.", "RESULTS:", "The", "child", "had", "a", "height", "of", "-4", "SD,", "elevated", "serum", "GH", "concentrations,", "abnormally", "low", "serum", "IGF-I", "and", "IGFBP-3", "concentrations", "and", "normal", "GHBP", "concentrations.", "DNA", "analysis", "revealed", "compound", "heterozygosity", "for", "mutations", "of", "GHR,", "including", "a", "previously", "reported", "R211H", " ", "mutation", "and", "a", "novel", "duplication", "of", "a", "nucleotide", "in", "exon", "9", "(", "899dupC", "),", "the", "latter", "resulting", "in", "a", "frameshift", "and", "a", "premature", "stop", "codon.", "Treatment", "with", "recombinant", "DNA-derived", "IGF-I", "resulted", "in", "growth", "acceleration.", "CONCLUSION:", "Mutations", "affecting", "the", "intracellular", "domain", "of", "the", "GHR", "can", "result", "in", "GH", "insensitivity", "and", "IGF", "deficiency,", "despite", "normal", "serum", "concentrations", "of", "GHBP.", "The", "presence", "of", "clinical", "and", "biochemical", "evidence", "of", "GH", "resistance", "is", "sufficient", "to", "consider", "the", "possibility", "of", "aberrations", "of", "the", "GHR,", "even", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "normal", "serum", "GHBP", "concentrations." ]
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: GH insensitivity and IGF deficiency may result from aberrations of the GH receptor (GHR). We describe a 4-year-old child with modest growth failure and normal serum concentrations of GH-binding protein (GHBP), but clinical evidence of GH insensitivity. METHOD: Serum and DNA samples from the proband and his parents were analyzed. RESULTS: The child had a height of -4 SD, elevated serum GH concentrations, abnormally low serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations and normal GHBP concentrations. DNA analysis revealed compound heterozygosity for mutations of GHR, including a previously reported R211H mutation and a novel duplication of a nucleotide in exon 9 ( 899dupC ), the latter resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Treatment with recombinant DNA-derived IGF-I resulted in growth acceleration. CONCLUSION: Mutations affecting the intracellular domain of the GHR can result in GH insensitivity and IGF deficiency, despite normal serum concentrations of GHBP. The presence of clinical and biochemical evidence of GH resistance is sufficient to consider the possibility of aberrations of the GHR, even in the presence of normal serum GHBP concentrations.
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20693575
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18681856
[ "Expanding", "clinical", "spectrum", "of", "non-autoimmune", "hyperthyroidism", "due", "to", "an", "activating", "germline", "mutation,", "p.M453T", ",", "in", "the", "thyrotropin", "receptor", "gene." ]
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Expanding clinical spectrum of non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating germline mutation, p.M453T , in the thyrotropin receptor gene.
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18681856
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14633686
[ "High-resolution", "deletion", "mapping", "of", "15q13.2-q21.1", "in", "transitional", "cell", "carcinoma", "of", "the", "bladder." ]
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High-resolution deletion mapping of 15q13.2-q21.1 in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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21799811
[ "BACKGROUND:", "Methylenetetrahydrofolate", "reductase", "(MTHFR)", "is", "an", "important", "enzyme", "of", "folate", "and", "methionine", "metabolism,", "making", "it", "crucial", "for", "DNA", "synthesis", "and", "methylation.", "The", "objective", "of", "this", "study", "was", "to", "analyze", "MTHFR", "gene", "677C>T", " ", "polymorphism", "in", "infertile", "male", "individuals", "from", "North", "India,", "followed", "by", "a", "meta-analysis", "on", "our", "data", "and", "published", "studies.", "METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL", "FINDINGS:", "We", "undertook", "genotyping", "on", "a", "total", "of", "837", "individuals", "including", "well", "characterized", "infertile", "(N=522)", "and", "confirmed", "fertile", "(N=315)", "individuals.", "The", "SNP", "was", "typed", "by", "direct", "DNA", "sequencing.", "Chi", "square", "test", "was", "done", "for", "statistical", "analysis.", "Published", "studies", "were", "searched", "using", "appropriate", "keywords.", "Source", "of", "data", "collection", "for", "meta-analysis", "included", "'Pubmed',", "'Ovid'", "and", "'Google", "Scholar'.", "Those", "studies", "analyzing", "677C>T", " ", "polymorphism", "in", "male", "infertility", "and", "presenting", "all", "relevant", "data", "were", "included", "in", "meta-analysis.", "The", "genotype", "data", "for", "infertile", "subjects", "and", "fertile", "controls", "was", "extracted", "from", "each", "study.", "Chi", "square", "test", "was", "done", "to", "obtain", "odds", "ratio", "(OR)", "and", "p-value.", "Meta-analysis", "was", "performed", "using", "Comprehensive", "Meta-analysis", "software", "(Version", "2).", "The", "frequency", "of", "mutant", "(T)", "allele", "(p=0.0025)", "and", "genotypes", "(CT+TT)", "(p=0.0187)", "was", "significantly", "higher", "in", "infertile", "individuals", "in", "comparison", "to", "fertile", "controls", "in", "our", "case-control", "study.", "The", "overall", "summary", "estimate", "(OR)", "for", "allele", "and", "genotype", "meta-analysis", "were", "1.304", "(p=0.000),", "1.310", "(p=0.000),", "respectively,", "establishing", "significant", "association", "of", "677C>T", " ", "polymorphism", "with", "male", "infertility.", "CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:", "677C>T", " ", "substitution", "associated", "strongly", "with", "male", "infertility", "in", "Indian", "population.", "Allele", "and", "genotype", "meta-analysis", "also", "supported", "its", "strong", "correlation", "with", "male", "infertility,", "thus", "establishing", "it", "as", "a", "risk", "factor." ]
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BACKGROUND: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme of folate and methionine metabolism, making it crucial for DNA synthesis and methylation. The objective of this study was to analyze MTHFR gene 677C>T polymorphism in infertile male individuals from North India, followed by a meta-analysis on our data and published studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We undertook genotyping on a total of 837 individuals including well characterized infertile (N=522) and confirmed fertile (N=315) individuals. The SNP was typed by direct DNA sequencing. Chi square test was done for statistical analysis. Published studies were searched using appropriate keywords. Source of data collection for meta-analysis included 'Pubmed', 'Ovid' and 'Google Scholar'. Those studies analyzing 677C>T polymorphism in male infertility and presenting all relevant data were included in meta-analysis. The genotype data for infertile subjects and fertile controls was extracted from each study. Chi square test was done to obtain odds ratio (OR) and p-value. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software (Version 2). The frequency of mutant (T) allele (p=0.0025) and genotypes (CT+TT) (p=0.0187) was significantly higher in infertile individuals in comparison to fertile controls in our case-control study. The overall summary estimate (OR) for allele and genotype meta-analysis were 1.304 (p=0.000), 1.310 (p=0.000), respectively, establishing significant association of 677C>T polymorphism with male infertility. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: 677C>T substitution associated strongly with male infertility in Indian population. Allele and genotype meta-analysis also supported its strong correlation with male infertility, thus establishing it as a risk factor.
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18046082
[ "Identification", "of", "apolipoprotein", "E", "Guangzhou", "(", "arginine", "150", "proline", "),", "a", "new", "variant", "associated", "with", "lipoprotein", "glomerulopathy." ]
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Identification of apolipoprotein E Guangzhou ( arginine 150 proline ), a new variant associated with lipoprotein glomerulopathy.
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15710861
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16321363
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We describe a new cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation-Ic (CDG-Ic) in a young girl with a rather mild CDG phenotype. Her cells accumulated lipid-linked oligosaccharides lacking three glucose residues, and sequencing of the ALG6 gene showed what initially appeared to be a homozygous novel point mutation ( 338G>A ). However, haplotype analysis showed that the patient does not carry any paternal DNA markers extending 33kb in the telomeric direction from the ALG6 region, and microsatellite analysis extended the abnormal region to at least 2.5Mb. We used high-resolution karyotyping to confirm a deletion (10-12Mb) [del(1)(p31.2p32.3)] and found no structural abnormalities in the father, suggesting a de novo event. Our findings extend the causes of CDG to larger DNA deletions and identify the first Japanese CDG-Ic mutation.
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21771880
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Our objective was to resequence insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) to identify variants associated with obesity- and diabetes-related traits in Hispanic children. Exonic and intronic segments, 5' and 3' flanking regions of IRS2 ( 14.5 kb), were bidirectionally sequenced for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in 934 Hispanic children using 3730XL DNA Sequencers. Additionally, 15 SNPs derived from Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad BeadChips were analyzed. Measured genotype analysis tested associations between SNPs and obesity and diabetes-related traits. Bayesian quantitative trait nucleotide analysis was used to statistically infer the most likely functional polymorphisms. A total of 140 SNPs were identified with minor allele frequencies (MAF) ranging from 0.001 to 0.47. Forty-two of the 70 coding SNPs result in nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions relative to the consensus sequence; 28 SNPs were detected in the promoter, 12 in introns, 28 in the 3'-UTR, and 2 in the 5'-UTR. Two insertion/deletions (indels) were detected. Ten independent rare SNPs (MAF = 0.001-0.009) were associated with obesity-related traits (P = 0.01-0.00002). SNP 10510452_139 in the promoter region was shown to have a high posterior probability (P = 0.77-0.86) of influencing BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference in Hispanic children. SNP 10510452_139 contributed between 2 and 4% of the population variance in body weight and composition. None of the SNPs or indels were associated with diabetes-related traits or accounted for a previously identified quantitative trait locus on chromosome 13 for fasting serum glucose. Rare but not common IRS2 variants may play a role in the regulation of body weight but not an essential role in fasting glucose homeostasis in Hispanic children.
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15481887
[ "Two", "new", "beta-globin", "chain", "variants:", "Hb", "Tripoli:", "codon", "26,", "GAG-->GCG", " ", "[beta26(B8)", "Glu-->Ala", "]", "and", "Hb", "Tizi-Ouzou:", "codon", "29,", "GGC-->AGC", " ", "[beta29(B11)", "Gly-->Ser", "]", "are", "described", "on", "the", "first", "exon", "of", "the", "beta-globin", "gene.", "The", "two", "variants", "are", "characterized", "by", "DNA", "sequencing", "and", "mass", "spectrometry", "(MS).", "Hematological", "abnormalities", "were", "found", "in", "the", "two", "carriers.", "The", "presence", "of", "microcytosis", "and", "hypochromia", "is", "explained", "by", "an", "additional", "homozygous", "3.7", "kb", "alpha(+)", "thalassemic", "deletion", "for", "the", "carrier", "of", "Hb", "Tizi-Ouzou.", "Hb", "Tizi-Ouzou", "showed", "a", "slight", "instability", "in", "vitro.", "The", "same", "hematological", "abnormalities", "associated", "with", "anemia", "are", "difficult", "to", "explain", "for", "Hb", "Tripoli's", "carrier", "in", "the", "absence", "of", "an", "alpha-globin", "genes", "abnormality", "and", "could", "suggest", "a", "possible", "abnormal", "splicing." ]
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Two new beta-globin chain variants: Hb Tripoli: codon 26, GAG-->GCG [beta26(B8) Glu-->Ala ] and Hb Tizi-Ouzou: codon 29, GGC-->AGC [beta29(B11) Gly-->Ser ] are described on the first exon of the beta-globin gene. The two variants are characterized by DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS). Hematological abnormalities were found in the two carriers. The presence of microcytosis and hypochromia is explained by an additional homozygous 3.7 kb alpha(+) thalassemic deletion for the carrier of Hb Tizi-Ouzou. Hb Tizi-Ouzou showed a slight instability in vitro. The same hematological abnormalities associated with anemia are difficult to explain for Hb Tripoli's carrier in the absence of an alpha-globin genes abnormality and could suggest a possible abnormal splicing.
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20227423
[ "A", "functional", "polymorphism", "in", "the", "disrupted-in", "schizophrenia", "1", "gene", "is", "associated", "with", "chronic", "fatigue", "syndrome." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
A functional polymorphism in the disrupted-in schizophrenia 1 gene is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.
[ 2, 43, 3183, 8218, 1922, 1920, 11138, 17, 1922, 7899, 21, 2359, 1977, 2458, 1956, 3724, 8656, 4741, 18, 3 ]
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
20026870
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
21406173
[ "Alteration", "in", "the", "gene", "encoding", "protein", "tyrosine", "phosphatase", "nonreceptor", "type", "6", "(PTPN6/SHP1)", "may", "contribute", "to", "neutrophilic", "dermatoses." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Alteration in the gene encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 6 (PTPN6/SHP1) may contribute to neutrophilic dermatoses.
[ 2, 10076, 1922, 1920, 2359, 5797, 2213, 6941, 8167, 28309, 3342, 1924, 2601, 26, 12, 28207, 1016, 19, 19033, 1009, 13, 2278, 4672, 1942, 9460, 1935, 13467, 12278, 18, 3 ]
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16211251
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
19728872
[ "A", "MANBA", "mutation", "resulting", "in", "residual", "beta-mannosidase", "activity", "associated", "with", "severe", "leukoencephalopathy:", "a", "possible", "pseudodeficiency", "variant." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
A MANBA mutation resulting in residual beta-mannosidase activity associated with severe leukoencephalopathy: a possible pseudodeficiency variant.
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
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20017074
[ "Investigation", "of", "SERPINE1", "genetic", "polymorphism", "in", "Macedonian", "patients", "with", "occlusive", "artery", "disease", "and", "deep", "vein", "thrombosis." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Investigation of SERPINE1 genetic polymorphism in Macedonian patients with occlusive artery disease and deep vein thrombosis.
[ 2, 5630, 1927, 27453, 2053, 1009, 3299, 8218, 1922, 26158, 28615, 3122, 2132, 1956, 28715, 5511, 2573, 1930, 6515, 7920, 11354, 18, 3 ]
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
20854438
[ "SLURP1", "mutation-impaired", "T-cell", "activation", "in", "a", "family", "with", "mal", "de", "Meleda." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
SLURP1 mutation-impaired T-cell activation in a family with mal de Meleda.
[ 2, 2788, 1949, 5113, 3979, 17, 5761, 62, 17, 2024, 2936, 1922, 43, 3416, 1956, 3054, 2028, 4221, 19062, 18, 3 ]
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
19897031
[ "An", "intronic", "polymorphism", "of", "IRF4", "gene", "influences", "gene", "transcription", "in", "vitro", "and", "shows", "a", "risk", "association", "with", "childhood", "acute", "lymphoblastic", "leukemia", "in", "males." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
An intronic polymorphism of IRF4 gene influences gene transcription in vitro and shows a risk association with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in males.
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20352162
[ "We", "assessed", "the", "association", "between", "common", "variation", "at", "the", "SERPINE1", "(PAI1)", "locus", "and", "myocardial", "infarction", "(MI).", "Haplotype-tagging", "polymorphisms,", "including", "the", "4G/5G", "deletion/insertion", "polymorphism", "and", "seven", "single", "nucleotide", "polymorphisms,", "were", "analysed", "in", "a", "German", "sample", "containing", "3,657", "cases", "with", "MI", "and", "1,211", "controls.", "The", "association", "between", "the", "4G/5G", "polymorphism", "and", "MI", "was", "examined", "in", "a", "meta-analysis", "of", "data", "extracted", "from", "32", "studies", "(13,267", "cases/14,716", "controls).", "In", "addition,", "the", "relation", "between", "the", "4G/5G", "polymorphism", "and", "coronary", "diseases,", "comprising", "MI,", "coronary", "artery", "disease,", "coronary", "heart", "disease,", "or", "the", "acute", "coronary", "syndrome,", "was", "assessed", "in", "a", "combined", "analysis", "enclosing", "43", "studies", "(17,278", "cases/18,039", "controls).", "None", "of", "the", "tagging", "polymorphisms", "was", "associated", "with", "MI", "in", "the", "present", "sample", "(p", "<or=", "0.34).", "The", "adjusted", "odds", "ratio", "(OR)", "for", "4G", "allele", "carriers", "was", "1.02", "(95%", "confidence", "interval", "[CI]", "0.87-1.19)", "compared", "to", "the", "5G5G", "genotype.", "None", "of", "13", "common", "(frequency", ">1.0%)", "8-marker", "haplotypes", "was", "related", "to", "the", "risk", "of", "MI.", "In", "a", "meta-analysis", "specifically", "addressing", "the", "association", "with", "MI,", "no", "elevated", "risk", "was", "found", "in", "the", "carriers", "of", "the", "4G", "allele", "(OR", "1.07,", "95%", "CI", "0.99-1.16;", "p", "=", "0.11).", "A", "more", "general", "combined", "analysis", "of", "coronary", "diseases", "showed", "a", "marginally", "increased", "risk", "in", "4G", "allele", "carriers", "(OR", "1.08,", "95%", "CI", "1.00-1.16;", "p", "=", "0.044).", "In", "essence,", "tagging", "polymorphisms,", "including", "the", "4G/5G", "polymorphism,", "and", "common", "haplotypes", "of", "the", "SERPINE1", "gene", "region", "were", "not", "associated", "with", "MI", "in", "a", "German", "sample,", "and", "no", "compelling", "evidence", "was", "obtained", "for", "a", "relationship", "of", "the", "4G/5G", "polymorphism", "to", "MI", "and", "coronary", "atherosclerosis", "in", "a", "meta-analysis." ]
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We assessed the association between common variation at the SERPINE1 (PAI1) locus and myocardial infarction (MI). Haplotype-tagging polymorphisms, including the 4G/5G deletion/insertion polymorphism and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, were analysed in a German sample containing 3,657 cases with MI and 1,211 controls. The association between the 4G/5G polymorphism and MI was examined in a meta-analysis of data extracted from 32 studies (13,267 cases/14,716 controls). In addition, the relation between the 4G/5G polymorphism and coronary diseases, comprising MI, coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, or the acute coronary syndrome, was assessed in a combined analysis enclosing 43 studies (17,278 cases/18,039 controls). None of the tagging polymorphisms was associated with MI in the present sample (p <or= 0.34). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for 4G allele carriers was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1.19) compared to the 5G5G genotype. None of 13 common (frequency >1.0%) 8-marker haplotypes was related to the risk of MI. In a meta-analysis specifically addressing the association with MI, no elevated risk was found in the carriers of the 4G allele (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99-1.16; p = 0.11). A more general combined analysis of coronary diseases showed a marginally increased risk in 4G allele carriers (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.16; p = 0.044). In essence, tagging polymorphisms, including the 4G/5G polymorphism, and common haplotypes of the SERPINE1 gene region were not associated with MI in a German sample, and no compelling evidence was obtained for a relationship of the 4G/5G polymorphism to MI and coronary atherosclerosis in a meta-analysis.
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21506149
[ "BACKGROUND:", "We", "describe", "the", "four", "decades", "follow-up", "of", "14", "parkin", "patients", "belonging", "to", "two", "large", "eight-generation-long", "in-bred", "Muslim-Arab", "kindreds.", "RESULTS:", "All", "patients", "had", "a", "single", "base-pair", "of", "adenine", "deletion", "at", "nucleotide", "202", "of", "exon", "2", "(202A)", "of", "the", "parkin", "gene", "(all", "homozygous,", "one", "heterozygous).", "Parkinson's", "disease", "onset", "age", "was", "17-68", "years.", "Special", "features", "were", "intractable", "axial", "symptoms", "(low", "back", "pain,", "scoliosis,", "camptocormia,", "antecollis),", "postural", "tremor,", "and", "preserved", "cognition.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "The", "202A", "deletion", "of", "the", "parkin", "gene", "causes", "early-onset", "Parkinson's", "disease", "with", "marked", "levodopa/STN-DBS-resistant", "axial", "features.", "Postural", "tremor", "and", "preserved", "cognition,", "even", "after", "40", "years", "of", "disease,", "were", "also", "evident." ]
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BACKGROUND: We describe the four decades follow-up of 14 parkin patients belonging to two large eight-generation-long in-bred Muslim-Arab kindreds. RESULTS: All patients had a single base-pair of adenine deletion at nucleotide 202 of exon 2 (202A) of the parkin gene (all homozygous, one heterozygous). Parkinson's disease onset age was 17-68 years. Special features were intractable axial symptoms (low back pain, scoliosis, camptocormia, antecollis), postural tremor, and preserved cognition. CONCLUSIONS: The 202A deletion of the parkin gene causes early-onset Parkinson's disease with marked levodopa/STN-DBS-resistant axial features. Postural tremor and preserved cognition, even after 40 years of disease, were also evident.
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19728872
[ "BACKGROUND:", "beta-Mannosidosis", "(OMIM", "248510)", "is", "a", "rare", "inborn", "lysosomal", "storage", "disorder", "caused", "by", "the", "deficient", "activity", "of", "beta-mannosidase,", "an", "enzyme", "encoded", "by", "a", "single", "gene", "(MANBA)", "located", "on", "chromosome", "4q22-25.", "To", "date,", "only", "20", "cases", "of", "this", "autosomal", "recessive", "disorder", "have", "been", "described", "and", "14", "different", "MANBA", "mutations", "were", "incriminated", "in", "the", "disease.", "These", "are", "all", "null", "mutations", "or", "missense", "mutations", "that", "abolish", "beta-mannosidase", "activity.", "In", "this", "study,", "we", "characterized", "the", "molecular", "defect", "of", "a", "new", "case", "of", "beta-mannosidosis,", "presenting", "with", "a", "severe", "neurological", "disorder.", "METHODS:", "Genomic", "DNA", "was", "isolated", "from", "peripheral", "blood", "leukocytes", "of", "the", "patient", "to", "allow", "MANBA", "sequencing.", "The", "identified", "mutation", "was", "engineered", "by", "site-directed", "mutagenesis", "and", "the", "mutant", "protein", "was", "expressed", "through", "transient", "transfection", "in", "HEK293T", "cells.", "The", "beta-mannosidase", "expression", "and", "activity", "were", "respectively", "assessed", "by", "Western", "blot", "and", "fluorometric", "assay", "in", "both", "leukocytes", "and", "HEK293T", "cells.", "RESULTS:", "A", "missense", "disease-associated", "mutation,", "c.1922G>A", " ", "(", "p.Arg641His", "),", "was", "identified", "for", "which", "the", "patient", "was", "homozygous.", "In", "contrast", "to", "previously", "described", "missense", "mutations,", "this", "substitution", "does", "not", "totally", "abrogate", "the", "enzyme", "activity", "but", "led", "to", "a", "residual", "activity", "of", "about", "7%", "in", "the", "patient's", "leukocytes,", "11%", "in", "lymphoblasts", "and", "14%", "in", "plasma.", "Expression", "studies", "in", "transfected", "cells", "also", "resulted", "in", "7%", "residual", "activity.", "CONCLUSION:", "Correlations", "between", "MANBA", "mutations,", "residual", "activity", "of", "beta-mannosidase", "and", "the", "severity", "of", "the", "ensuing", "neurological", "disorder", "are", "discussed.", "Whether", "the", "c.1922G>A", " ", "mutation", "is", "responsible", "for", "a", "yet", "undescribed", "pseudodeficiency", "of", "beta-mannosidase", "is", "also", "discussed." ]
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BACKGROUND: beta-Mannosidosis (OMIM 248510) is a rare inborn lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficient activity of beta-mannosidase, an enzyme encoded by a single gene (MANBA) located on chromosome 4q22-25. To date, only 20 cases of this autosomal recessive disorder have been described and 14 different MANBA mutations were incriminated in the disease. These are all null mutations or missense mutations that abolish beta-mannosidase activity. In this study, we characterized the molecular defect of a new case of beta-mannosidosis, presenting with a severe neurological disorder. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of the patient to allow MANBA sequencing. The identified mutation was engineered by site-directed mutagenesis and the mutant protein was expressed through transient transfection in HEK293T cells. The beta-mannosidase expression and activity were respectively assessed by Western blot and fluorometric assay in both leukocytes and HEK293T cells. RESULTS: A missense disease-associated mutation, c.1922G>A ( p.Arg641His ), was identified for which the patient was homozygous. In contrast to previously described missense mutations, this substitution does not totally abrogate the enzyme activity but led to a residual activity of about 7% in the patient's leukocytes, 11% in lymphoblasts and 14% in plasma. Expression studies in transfected cells also resulted in 7% residual activity. CONCLUSION: Correlations between MANBA mutations, residual activity of beta-mannosidase and the severity of the ensuing neurological disorder are discussed. Whether the c.1922G>A mutation is responsible for a yet undescribed pseudodeficiency of beta-mannosidase is also discussed.
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19101703
[ "BACKGROUND:", "Oculopharyngeal", "muscular", "dystrophy", "(OPMD)", "is", "a", "late", "onset", "autosomal", "dominant", "muscle", "disorder.", "OPMD", "is", "caused", "by", "a", "short", "trinucleotide", "repeat", "expansion", "encoding", "an", "expanded", "polyalanine", "tract", "in", "the", "polyadenylate", "binding-protein", "nuclear", "1", "(PABPN1)", "gene.", "We", "identified", "and", "characterized", "a", "PABPN1", "mutation", "in", "a", "Taiwanese", "family", "with", "OPMD.", "METHODS:", "The", "phenotypic", "and", "genotypic", "characteristics", "of", "all", "subjects", "were", "evaluated", "in", "a", "Taiwanese", "OPMD", "family.", "Genetic", "alterations", "in", "the", "PABPN1", "gene", "were", "identified", "using", "PCR", "and", "DNA", "sequencing.", "RESULTS:", "Ten", "subjects", "with", "OPMD", "(6", "symptomatic", "and", "4", "asymptomatic)", "within", "the", "Taiwanese", "family", "carried", "a", "novel", "mutation", "in", "the", "PABPN1", "gene.", "The", "normal", "(GCG)6(GCA)3GCG", "sequence", "was", "replaced", "by", "(GCG)6(GCA)(GCG)4(GCA)3GCG", "due", "to", "an", "insertion", "of", "(GCG)4GCA", "into", "the", "normal", "allele", "in", "the", "Taiwanese", "OPMD", "subjects.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "In", "contrast", "to", "a", "single", "GCG", "expansion", "in", "most", "of", "OPMD", "patients", "in", "the", "literature,", "an", "insertion", "of", "(GCG)4GCA", "in", "the", "PABPN1", "gene", "was", "found", "in", "the", "Taiwanese", "OPMD", "subjects.", "The", "identification", "of", "this", "mutation", "appears", "to", "support", "the", "molecular", "mechanism", "of", "unequal", "cross-over", "of", "two", "PABPN1", "alleles." ]
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BACKGROUND: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late onset autosomal dominant muscle disorder. OPMD is caused by a short trinucleotide repeat expansion encoding an expanded polyalanine tract in the polyadenylate binding-protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene. We identified and characterized a PABPN1 mutation in a Taiwanese family with OPMD. METHODS: The phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of all subjects were evaluated in a Taiwanese OPMD family. Genetic alterations in the PABPN1 gene were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Ten subjects with OPMD (6 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic) within the Taiwanese family carried a novel mutation in the PABPN1 gene. The normal (GCG)6(GCA)3GCG sequence was replaced by (GCG)6(GCA)(GCG)4(GCA)3GCG due to an insertion of (GCG)4GCA into the normal allele in the Taiwanese OPMD subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to a single GCG expansion in most of OPMD patients in the literature, an insertion of (GCG)4GCA in the PABPN1 gene was found in the Taiwanese OPMD subjects. The identification of this mutation appears to support the molecular mechanism of unequal cross-over of two PABPN1 alleles.
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21496008
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
18391980
[ "Functional", "inactivation", "of", "the", "WTX", "gene", "is", "not", "a", "frequent", "event", "in", "Wilms'", "tumors." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Functional inactivation of the WTX gene is not a frequent event in Wilms' tumors.
[ 2, 3183, 8005, 1927, 1920, 3751, 1039, 2359, 1977, 2084, 43, 6439, 4817, 1922, 8534, 2800, 11, 3861, 18, 3 ]
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22048266
[ "Exploratory", "investigation", "on", "functional", "significance", "of", "ETS2", "and", "SIM2", "genes", "in", "Down", "syndrome." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Exploratory investigation on functional significance of ETS2 and SIM2 genes in Down syndrome.
[ 2, 12733, 5630, 1990, 3183, 4550, 1927, 15467, 1028, 1930, 2328, 1028, 2628, 1922, 3292, 4741, 18, 3 ]
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
12898858
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
20630757
[ "Clinical", "and", "genetic", "characterization", "of", "manifesting", "carriers", "of", "DMD", "mutations." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Clinical and genetic characterization of manifesting carriers of DMD mutations.
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21499297
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15557460
[ "PURPOSE:", "To", "identify", "the", "chromosomal", "location", "of", "the", "gene", "causing", "snowflake", "vitreoretinal", "degeneration", "(SVD),", "an", "autosomal", "dominant", "retinal", "degeneration", "characterized", "by", "small", "yellow-white", "dots", "in", "the", "retina,", "fibrillar", "anomaly", "of", "the", "vitreous", "humor,", "and", "retinal", "detachment.", "METHODS:", "Clinical", "data", "were", "collected", "on", "31", "family", "members", "by", "history", "and", "examination.", "Thirteen", "family", "members", "underwent", "prospective", "examination.", "Genotyping", "was", "performed", "using", "microsatellite", "markers", "spaced", "at", "approximately", "10", "cM", "intervals.", "Two-point", "and", "multipoint", "linkage", "analysis", "was", "performed", "(FASTLINK", "version", "of", "the", "MLINK", "program", "and", "the", "VITESSE", "algorithm,", "both", "available", "at", "http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/soft/list.html).", "Direct", "DNA", "sequencing", "of", "amplified", "genomic", "DNA", "and", "mRNA", "was", "performed", "for", "candidate", "gene", "analysis.", "RESULTS:", "The", "SVD", "locus", "was", "linked", "to", "markers", "in", "a", "region", "of", "chromosome", "2q36", "defined", "by", "D2S2158", "and", "D2S2202,", "based", "on", "meiotic", "breakpoint", "mapping", "of", "affected", "individuals.", "A", "maximum", "two-point", "lod", "score", "of", "5.5", "was", "obtained", "with", "marker", "D2S172", "at", "theta;", "=", "0", "within", "this", "region.", "Direct", "DNA", "sequencing", "of", "all", "52", "exons", "of", "the", "COL4A3", "gene", "revealed", "no", "potentially", "pathogenic", "coding", "sequence", "variation", "or", "evidence", "for", "deletion.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "The", "genetic", "locus", "for", "SVD", "lies", "in", "a", "9", "Mb", "region", "flanked", "by", "D2S2158", "and", "D2S2202.", "Localization", "of", "SVD", "to", "a", "genomic", "region", "distinct", "from", "both", "Wagner", "disease", "and", "the", "Stickler", "syndromes", "indicates", "that", "SVD", "is", "a", "distinct", "genetic", "entity.", "The", "absence", "of", "coding", "sequence", "variation", "in", "the", "only", "collagen", "gene", "within", "the", "disease-region,", "suggests", "a", "novel", "pathogenesis", "for", "vitreoretinal", "degeneration.", "Snowflake", "vitreoretinal", "degeneration", "should", "be", "considered", "in", "the", "differential", "diagnosis", "of", "families", "with", "fibrillar", "anomaly", "of", "the", "vitreous." ]
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PURPOSE: To identify the chromosomal location of the gene causing snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration (SVD), an autosomal dominant retinal degeneration characterized by small yellow-white dots in the retina, fibrillar anomaly of the vitreous humor, and retinal detachment. METHODS: Clinical data were collected on 31 family members by history and examination. Thirteen family members underwent prospective examination. Genotyping was performed using microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 10 cM intervals. Two-point and multipoint linkage analysis was performed (FASTLINK version of the MLINK program and the VITESSE algorithm, both available at http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/soft/list.html). Direct DNA sequencing of amplified genomic DNA and mRNA was performed for candidate gene analysis. RESULTS: The SVD locus was linked to markers in a region of chromosome 2q36 defined by D2S2158 and D2S2202, based on meiotic breakpoint mapping of affected individuals. A maximum two-point lod score of 5.5 was obtained with marker D2S172 at theta; = 0 within this region. Direct DNA sequencing of all 52 exons of the COL4A3 gene revealed no potentially pathogenic coding sequence variation or evidence for deletion. CONCLUSIONS: The genetic locus for SVD lies in a 9 Mb region flanked by D2S2158 and D2S2202. Localization of SVD to a genomic region distinct from both Wagner disease and the Stickler syndromes indicates that SVD is a distinct genetic entity. The absence of coding sequence variation in the only collagen gene within the disease-region, suggests a novel pathogenesis for vitreoretinal degeneration. Snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration should be considered in the differential diagnosis of families with fibrillar anomaly of the vitreous.
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21542403
[]
[]
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17392687
[ "Subfertility", "in", "mice", "harboring", "a", "mutation", "in", "betaB2-crystallin." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Subfertility in mice harboring a mutation in betaB2-crystallin.
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16152606
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
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15205584
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
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17962394
[ "Skewed", "X", "inactivation", "in", "an", "X", "linked", "nystagmus", "family", "resulted", "from", "a", "novel,", "p.R229G", ",", "missense", "mutation", "in", "the", "FRMD7", "gene." ]
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Skewed X inactivation in an X linked nystagmus family resulted from a novel, p.R229G , missense mutation in the FRMD7 gene.
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19365571
[ "Macular", "corneal", "dystrophy", "in", "a", "Chinese", "family", "related", "with", "novel", "mutations", "of", "CHST6." ]
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Macular corneal dystrophy in a Chinese family related with novel mutations of CHST6.
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19728872
[]
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15680411
[ "DNA", "repair", "gene", "polymorphisms", "in", "relation", "to", "chromosome", "aberration", "frequencies", "in", "retired", "radiation", "workers." ]
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DNA repair gene polymorphisms in relation to chromosome aberration frequencies in retired radiation workers.
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12915882
[ "Association", "of", "microsomal", "epoxide", "hydrolase", "polymorphisms", "and", "lung", "cancer", "risk." ]
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Association of microsomal epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms and lung cancer risk.
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19298002
[ "BACKGROUND:", "Gastric", "carcinoma", "is", "widely", "considered", "to", "be", "related", "to", "Helicobacter", "pylori", "infection,", "and", "the", "chemokine", "(C-C", "motif)", "ligand", "22", "(CCL22)", "plays", "an", "important", "role", "in", "suppressing", "immune", "responses", "against", "H.", "pylori", "and", "tumor", "cells.", "In", "this", "study,", "the", "authors", "examined", "the", "association", "between", "single", "nucleotide", "polymorphisms", "(SNPs)", "in", "the", "CCL22", "gene", "and", "the", "risk", "of", "gastric", "carcinoma.", "METHODS:", "Information", "on", "SNPs", "in", "the", "CCL22", "coding", "region", "was", "obtained", "from", "the", "HapMap", "Project", "database.", "Genotypes", "were", "determined", "in", "a", "case-control", "cohort", "that", "consisted", "of", "1001", "patients", "with", "gastric", "carcinoma", "and", "1066", "controls,", "and", "odds", "ratios", "(ORs)", "and", "95%", "confidence", "intervals", "(95%", "CIs)", "were", "computed", "by", "using", "a", "logistic", "regression", "model.", "Serum", "H.", "pylori", "antibody", "levels", "were", "measured", "by", "using", "an", "enzyme-linked", "immunosorbent", "assay.", "RESULTS:", "The", "16C-->A", " ", "SNP", "(", "reference", "SNP", "no.", "4359426", ")", "in", "exon", "1", "of", "the", "CCL22", "gene,", "which", "causes", "a", "2", "aspartate", "(2Asp)", "to", "2", "alanine", "(2Ala)", "substitution", "in", "the", "CCL22", "protein,", "was", "associated", "with", "a", "significantly", "increased", "risk", "of", "gastric", "carcinoma.", "Individuals", "who", "were", "homozygous", "for", "the", "Ala/Ala", "genotype", "had", "an", "OR", "of", "2.27", "(95%", "CI,", "1.28-4.02)", "compared", "with", "individuals", "who", "had", "the", "Asp/Asp", "genotype.", "Stratification", "analysis", "indicated", "that", "the", "association", "was", "more", "pronounced", "among", "men", "(OR,", "2.64;", "95%", "CI,", "1.29-5.41)", "and", "among", "younger", "individuals", "(OR,", "2.85;", "95%", "CI,", "1.36-5.96)", "compared", "with", "women", "and", "older", "individuals.", "Moreover,", "a", "multiplicative", "joint", "effect", "between", "the", "CCL22", "SNP", "and", "H.", "pylori", "infection", "that", "intensified", "the", "risk", "was", "observed", "(OR", "for", "the", "presence", "of", "both", "Ala/Ala", "genotype", "and", "H.", "pylori", "infection,", "18.37;", "95%", "CI,", "2.30-146.67).", "CONCLUSIONS:", "The", "results", "from", "this", "study", "suggested", "that", "the", "CCL22", "polymorphism", "is", "associated", "with", "an", "increase", "risk", "of", "developing", "H.", "pylori", "infection-related", "gastric", "carcinoma." ]
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BACKGROUND: Gastric carcinoma is widely considered to be related to Helicobacter pylori infection, and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (CCL22) plays an important role in suppressing immune responses against H. pylori and tumor cells. In this study, the authors examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CCL22 gene and the risk of gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Information on SNPs in the CCL22 coding region was obtained from the HapMap Project database. Genotypes were determined in a case-control cohort that consisted of 1001 patients with gastric carcinoma and 1066 controls, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed by using a logistic regression model. Serum H. pylori antibody levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The 16C-->A SNP ( reference SNP no. 4359426 ) in exon 1 of the CCL22 gene, which causes a 2 aspartate (2Asp) to 2 alanine (2Ala) substitution in the CCL22 protein, was associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Individuals who were homozygous for the Ala/Ala genotype had an OR of 2.27 (95% CI, 1.28-4.02) compared with individuals who had the Asp/Asp genotype. Stratification analysis indicated that the association was more pronounced among men (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.29-5.41) and among younger individuals (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.36-5.96) compared with women and older individuals. Moreover, a multiplicative joint effect between the CCL22 SNP and H. pylori infection that intensified the risk was observed (OR for the presence of both Ala/Ala genotype and H. pylori infection, 18.37; 95% CI, 2.30-146.67). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggested that the CCL22 polymorphism is associated with an increase risk of developing H. pylori infection-related gastric carcinoma.
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20534142
[ "BACKGROUND:", "Prohormone", "convertase", "1", "is", "involved", "in", "maturation", "of", "peptides.", "Rare", "mutations", "in", "gene", "PCSK1,", "encoding", "this", "enzyme,", "cause", "childhood", "obesity", "and", "abnormal", "glucose", "homeostasis", "with", "elevated", "proinsulin", "concentrations.", "Common", "single", "nucleotide", "polymorphisms", "(SNPs)", "within", "this", "gene,", "rs6232", " ", "and", "rs6235", ",", "are", "associated", "with", "obesity.", "We", "studied", "whether", "these", "SNPs", "influence", "the", "prediabetic", "traits", "insulin", "resistance,", "beta-cell", "dysfunction,", "or", "glucose", "intolerance.", "METHODS:", "We", "genotyped", "1498", "German", "subjects", "for", "SNPs", "rs6232", " ", "and", "rs6235", " ", "within", "PCSK1.", "The", "subjects", "were", "metabolically", "characterized", "by", "oral", "glucose", "tolerance", "test", "with", "glucose,", "insulin,", "proinsulin,", "and", "C-peptide", "measurements.", "A", "subgroup", "of", "512", "subjects", "underwent", "a", "hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic", "clamp.", "RESULTS:", "The", "minor", "allele", "frequencies", "were", "25.8%", "for", "SNP", "rs6235", " ", "and", "6.0%", "for", "rs6232", ".", "After", "adjustment", "for", "sex", "and", "age,", "we", "found", "no", "association", "of", "SNPs", "rs6235", " ", "and", "rs6232", " ", "with", "BMI", "or", "other", "weight-related", "traits", "(all", "p", ">or=", "0.07).", "Both", "minor", "alleles,", "adjusted", "for", "sex,", "age,", "BMI", "and", "insulin", "sensitivity", "were", "associated", "with", "elevated", "AUCproinsulin", "and", "AUCproinsulin/AUCinsulin", "(", "rs6235", ":", "p(additive)", "model", "<or=", "0.009,", "effect", "sizes", "8/8%,", "rs6232", ":", "pdominant", "model", "<or=", "0.01,", "effect", "sizes", "10/21%).", "Insulin", "secretion", "was", "not", "affected", "by", "the", "variants", "(different", "secretion", "parameters,", "all", "p", ">or=", "0.08).", "The", "minor", "allele", "of", "SNP", "rs6232", " ", "was", "additionally", "associated", "with", "15%", "higher", "OGTT-derived", "and", "19%", "higher", "clamp-derived", "insulin", "sensitivity", "(pdom", "<or=", "0.0047),", "4.5%", "lower", "HOMAIR", "(pdom", "=", "0.02)", "and", "3.5%", "lower", "120-min", "glucose", "(pdom", "=", "0.0003)", "independently", "of", "BMI", "and", "proinsulin", "conversion.", "SNP", "rs6235", " ", "was", "not", "associated", "with", "parameters", "of", "glucose", "metabolism.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "Like", "rare", "mutations", "in", "PCSK1,", "the", "more", "common", "variants", "tested", "determine", "glucose-stimulated", "proinsulin", "conversion,", "but", "not", "insulin", "secretion.", "In", "addition,", "rs6232", ",", "encoding", "the", "amino", "acid", "exchange", "N221D", ",", "influences", "insulin", "sensitivity", "and", "glucose", "homeostasis." ]
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BACKGROUND: Prohormone convertase 1 is involved in maturation of peptides. Rare mutations in gene PCSK1, encoding this enzyme, cause childhood obesity and abnormal glucose homeostasis with elevated proinsulin concentrations. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene, rs6232 and rs6235 , are associated with obesity. We studied whether these SNPs influence the prediabetic traits insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, or glucose intolerance. METHODS: We genotyped 1498 German subjects for SNPs rs6232 and rs6235 within PCSK1. The subjects were metabolically characterized by oral glucose tolerance test with glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide measurements. A subgroup of 512 subjects underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. RESULTS: The minor allele frequencies were 25.8% for SNP rs6235 and 6.0% for rs6232 . After adjustment for sex and age, we found no association of SNPs rs6235 and rs6232 with BMI or other weight-related traits (all p >or= 0.07). Both minor alleles, adjusted for sex, age, BMI and insulin sensitivity were associated with elevated AUCproinsulin and AUCproinsulin/AUCinsulin ( rs6235 : p(additive) model <or= 0.009, effect sizes 8/8%, rs6232 : pdominant model <or= 0.01, effect sizes 10/21%). Insulin secretion was not affected by the variants (different secretion parameters, all p >or= 0.08). The minor allele of SNP rs6232 was additionally associated with 15% higher OGTT-derived and 19% higher clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (pdom <or= 0.0047), 4.5% lower HOMAIR (pdom = 0.02) and 3.5% lower 120-min glucose (pdom = 0.0003) independently of BMI and proinsulin conversion. SNP rs6235 was not associated with parameters of glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Like rare mutations in PCSK1, the more common variants tested determine glucose-stimulated proinsulin conversion, but not insulin secretion. In addition, rs6232 , encoding the amino acid exchange N221D , influences insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
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17615540
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A novel "pearl box" cataract associated with a mutation in the connexin 46 (GJA3) gene.
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18202102
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Deletion of chromosome 6q14-q22 is common in multiple human cancers including prostate cancer, and chromosome 6 transferred into cancer cells induces senescence and reduces cell growth, tumorigenicity and metastasis, indicating the existence of one or more tumor-suppressor genes in 6q. To identify the 6q tumor-suppressor gene, we first narrowed the common region of deletion to a 2.5 Mb interval at 6q14-15. Of the 11 genes located in this minimal deletion region and expressed in normal prostates, only snoRNA U50 was mutated, demonstrated transcriptional downregulation and inhibited colony formation in prostate cancer cells. The mutation, a homozygous 2 bp (TT) deletion, was found in two of 30 prostate cancer cell lines/xenografts and nine of 89 localized prostate cancers (eleven of 119 or 9% cancers). Two of 89 (2%) patients with prostate cancer also showed the same mutation in their germline DNA, but none of 104 cancer-free control men did. The homozygous deletion abolished U50 function in a colony formation assay. Analysis of 1371 prostate cancer cases and 1371 matched control men from a case-control study nested in a prospective cohort showed that, although a germline heterozygous genotype of the deletion was detected in both patients and controls at similar frequencies, the homozygosity of the deletion was significantly associated with clinically significant prostate cancer (odds ratio 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.17-7.21). These findings establish snoRNA U50 as a reasonable candidate for the 6q tumor-suppressor gene in prostate cancer and likely in other types of cancers.
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15623763
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18408250
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19730022
[ "Congestive", "heart", "failure", "with", "rhabdomyolysis", "and", "acute", "renal", "failure", "in", "a", "manifesting", "female", "carrier", "of", "Duchenne", "muscular", "dystrophy", "with", "duplication", "of", "dystrophin", "gene." ]
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Congestive heart failure with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in a manifesting female carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy with duplication of dystrophin gene.
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18600483
[ "A", "PCR-reverse", "dot", "blot", "hybridization", "(RDBH)", "assay", "was", "developed", "for", "rapid", "identification", "of", "rifampin", "(RFP)-resistant", "genotypes", "in", "Mycobacterium", "tuberculosis", "clinical", "isolates.", "The", "assay", "used", "the", "rpoB", "gene", "as", "target", "and", "was", "used", "to", "evaluate", "148", "clinical", "isolates", "(97", "RFP-resistant", "isolates", "and", "51", "RFP-susceptible", "isolates).", "At", "the", "same", "time,", "the", "isolates", "were", "subjected", "to", "DNA", "sequencing", "and", "conventional", "drug", "susceptibility", "test.", "One", "hundred", "and", "forty", "one", "(95.3%)", "and", "136", "(91.9%)", "of", "the", "148", "strains", "were", "correctly", "identified", "by", "DNA", "sequencing", "and", "RDBH", "assay,", "respectively.", "None", "of", "the", "51", "RFP-susceptible", "isolates", "examined", "had", "alterations", "in", "rpoB.", "The", "sensitivity", "and", "specificity", "of", "the", "DNA", "sequencing", "were", "92.8%", "and", "100%,", "and", "the", "positive", "predictive", "value", "(PPV)", "and", "negative", "predictive", "value", "(NPV)", "were", "100%", "and", "87.9%,", "respectively.", "The", "sensitivity", "and", "specificity", "of", "the", "RDBH", "assay", "were", "87.6%", "and", "100%,", "and", "the", "PPV", "and", "NPV", "were", "100%", "and", "81.0%,", "respectively.", "Codons", "531", "and", "526", "of", "the", "rpoB", "were", "found", "to", "be", "the", "most", "common", "sites", "of", "nucleotide", "substitutions.", "Mutations", "at", "codons", "511,", "513,", "515,", "516,", "517,", "518,", "and", "533", "were", "also", "found.", "There", "were", "two-codon", "mutations", "in", "four", "isolates.", "No", "deletion", "and", "insertion", "was", "found", "in", "the", "rpoB", "gene.", "These", "results", "indicate", "that", "the", "RDBH", "assay", "is", "a", "rapid,", "simple,", "and", "reliable", "method", "for", "routine", "identification", "of", "RFP", "resistance", "in", "M.", "tuberculosis." ]
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A PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) assay was developed for rapid identification of rifampin (RFP)-resistant genotypes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. The assay used the rpoB gene as target and was used to evaluate 148 clinical isolates (97 RFP-resistant isolates and 51 RFP-susceptible isolates). At the same time, the isolates were subjected to DNA sequencing and conventional drug susceptibility test. One hundred and forty one (95.3%) and 136 (91.9%) of the 148 strains were correctly identified by DNA sequencing and RDBH assay, respectively. None of the 51 RFP-susceptible isolates examined had alterations in rpoB. The sensitivity and specificity of the DNA sequencing were 92.8% and 100%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% and 87.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the RDBH assay were 87.6% and 100%, and the PPV and NPV were 100% and 81.0%, respectively. Codons 531 and 526 of the rpoB were found to be the most common sites of nucleotide substitutions. Mutations at codons 511, 513, 515, 516, 517, 518, and 533 were also found. There were two-codon mutations in four isolates. No deletion and insertion was found in the rpoB gene. These results indicate that the RDBH assay is a rapid, simple, and reliable method for routine identification of RFP resistance in M. tuberculosis.
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18385169
[ "Genetic", "association", "studies", "have", "related", "the", "tumour", "necrosis", "factor-alpha", "gene", "(TNFA)", "guanine", "to", "adenine", "substitution", "of", "nucleotide", "-308", "(", "-308G>A", ")", "polymorphism", "to", "increased", "risk", "of", "asthma,", "but", "results", "are", "inconsistent.", "The", "aim", "of", "the", "present", "study", "was", "to", "test", "whether", "two", "single-nucleotide", "polymorphisms,", "of", "TNFA", "and", "of", "the", "lymphotoxin-alpha", "gene", "(LTA),", "are", "associated", "with", "asthma,", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness", "and", "atopy", "in", "adults,", "by", "combining", "the", "results", "of", "two", "large", "population-based", "multicentric", "studies", "and", "conducting", "a", "meta-analysis", "of", "previously", "published", "studies.", "The", "European", "Community", "Respiratory", "Health", "Survey", "(ECRHS)", "and", "Swiss", "Cohort", "Study", "on", "Air", "Pollution", "and", "Lung", "and", "Heart", "Diseases", "in", "Adults", "(SAPALDIA)", "used", "comparable", "protocols,", "including", "questionnaires", "for", "respiratory", "symptoms", "and", "measures", "of", "lung", "function", "and", "atopy.", "DNA", "samples", "from", "11,136", "participants", "were", "genotyped", "at", "TNFA", "-308", "and", "LTA", "252.", "Logistic", "regression", "employing", "fixed", "and", "random", "effects", "models", "and", "nonparametric", "techniques", "were", "used.", "The", "prevalence", "of", "asthma", "was", "6%.", "The", "TNFA", "-308G>A", " ", "polymorphism", "was", "associated", "with", "increased", "asthma", "prevalence", "and", "with", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness.", "No", "consistent", "association", "was", "found", "for", "atopy.", "The", "LTA", "252A>G", " ", "polymorphism", "was", "not", "associated", "with", "any", "of", "the", "outcomes.", "A", "meta-analysis", "of", "17", "studies", "showed", "an", "increased", "asthma", "risk", "for", "the", "TNFA", "-308", "adenine", "allele.", "The", "tumour", "necrosis", "factor-alpha", "gene", "nucleotide", "-308", "polymorphism", "is", "associated", "with", "a", "moderately", "increased", "risk", "of", "asthma", "and", "bronchial", "hyperresponsiveness,", "but", "not", "with", "atopy.", "These", "results", "are", "supported", "by", "a", "meta-analysis", "of", "previously", "published", "studies." ]
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Genetic association studies have related the tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNFA) guanine to adenine substitution of nucleotide -308 ( -308G>A ) polymorphism to increased risk of asthma, but results are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to test whether two single-nucleotide polymorphisms, of TNFA and of the lymphotoxin-alpha gene (LTA), are associated with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy in adults, by combining the results of two large population-based multicentric studies and conducting a meta-analysis of previously published studies. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) and Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) used comparable protocols, including questionnaires for respiratory symptoms and measures of lung function and atopy. DNA samples from 11,136 participants were genotyped at TNFA -308 and LTA 252. Logistic regression employing fixed and random effects models and nonparametric techniques were used. The prevalence of asthma was 6%. The TNFA -308G>A polymorphism was associated with increased asthma prevalence and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. No consistent association was found for atopy. The LTA 252A>G polymorphism was not associated with any of the outcomes. A meta-analysis of 17 studies showed an increased asthma risk for the TNFA -308 adenine allele. The tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene nucleotide -308 polymorphism is associated with a moderately increased risk of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, but not with atopy. These results are supported by a meta-analysis of previously published studies.
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12752111
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21080147
[ "BACKGROUND:", "Atrioventricular", "septal", "defects", "(AVSDs)", "occur", "as", "clinical", "defects", "of", "several", "different", "syndromes,", "as", "autosomal", "dominant", "defects,", "and", "as", "sporadically", "occurring", "malformations.", "Consequently,", "there", "is", "genetic", "heterogeneity,", "but", "until", "recently,", "little", "is", "known", "about", "the", "genes", "involving", "in", "the", "pathogenesis", "of", "AVSD.", "CRELD1", "gene,", "a", "novel", "cell", "adhesion", "molecule,", "is", "a", "candidate", "gene", "for", "AVSD.", "METHODS:", "This", "study", "included", "133", "patients", "with", "AVSD", "and", "200", "healthy", "controls.", "Peripheral", "blood", "samples", "were", "collected", "and", "genomic", "DNA", "was", "extracted", "from", "the", "leukocytes.", "CRELD1", "was", "amplified", "by", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "(PCR)", "with", "specific", "primers.", "The", "sequences", "of", "PCR", "products", "were", "compared", "between", "the", "patients", "and", "controls.", "RESULTS:", "In", "a", "patient,", "a", "C-to-G", "transition", "was", "identified", "at", "nucleotide", "857", "in", "exon", "8", "that", "resulted", "in", "a", "substitution", "of", "alanine", "for", "proline", "at", "amino", "acid", "286", "in", "the", "first", "calcium-binding", "EGF", "domain.", "This", "patient", "had", "an", "isolated", "partial", "AVSD", "and", "the", "mutation", "was", "inherited", "from", "her", "mother.", "Another", "mutation", "was", "detected", "in", "a", "patient", "with", "a", "partial", "AVSD", "and", "evidence", "of", "Down", "syndrome.", "The", "heterozygous", "c.973G>A", " ", "transition", "in", "exon", "9", "resulted", "in", "a", "substitution", "of", "lysine", "for", "glutamic", "acid", "at", "amino", "acid", "325", "(", "E325K", ")", "in", "the", "second", "calcium-binding", "EGF", "domain.", "CONCLUSIONS:", "Two", "novel", "CRELD1", "mutations", "were", "identified", "in", "the", "calcium-binding", "EGF", "domain", "in", "patients", "with", "AVSD.", "CRELD1", "is", "likely", "to", "be", "an", "AVSD-susceptibility", "gene", "and", "CRELD1", "mutations", "may", "increase", "the", "risk", "of", "developing", "a", "heart", "defect", "rather", "than", "being", "a", "direct", "causative", "mutation." ]
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BACKGROUND: Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) occur as clinical defects of several different syndromes, as autosomal dominant defects, and as sporadically occurring malformations. Consequently, there is genetic heterogeneity, but until recently, little is known about the genes involving in the pathogenesis of AVSD. CRELD1 gene, a novel cell adhesion molecule, is a candidate gene for AVSD. METHODS: This study included 133 patients with AVSD and 200 healthy controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted from the leukocytes. CRELD1 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. The sequences of PCR products were compared between the patients and controls. RESULTS: In a patient, a C-to-G transition was identified at nucleotide 857 in exon 8 that resulted in a substitution of alanine for proline at amino acid 286 in the first calcium-binding EGF domain. This patient had an isolated partial AVSD and the mutation was inherited from her mother. Another mutation was detected in a patient with a partial AVSD and evidence of Down syndrome. The heterozygous c.973G>A transition in exon 9 resulted in a substitution of lysine for glutamic acid at amino acid 325 ( E325K ) in the second calcium-binding EGF domain. CONCLUSIONS: Two novel CRELD1 mutations were identified in the calcium-binding EGF domain in patients with AVSD. CRELD1 is likely to be an AVSD-susceptibility gene and CRELD1 mutations may increase the risk of developing a heart defect rather than being a direct causative mutation.
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16000134
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12668354
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Relation of shyness in grade school children to the genotype for the long form of the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism.
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19804530
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18257781
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21699520
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18270997
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the breakdown of catechol neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which plays a prominent role in drug reward. A common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), G472A , codes for a Val158Met substitution and results in a fourfold down regulation of enzyme activity. We sequenced exon IV of COMT gene in search for novel polymorphisms and then genotyped four out of five identified by direct sequencing, using TaqMan assay on 266 opioid-dependent and 173 control subjects. Genotype frequencies of the G472A SNP varied significantly (P = 0.029) among the three main ethnic/cultural groups (Caucasians, Hispanics, and African Americans). Using a genotype test, we found a trend to point-wise association (P = 0.053) of the G472A SNP in Hispanic subjects with opiate addiction. Further analysis of G472A genotypes in Hispanic subjects with data stratified by gender identified a point-wise significant (P = 0.049) association of G/A and A/A genotypes with opiate addiction in women, but not men. These point-wise significant results are not significant experiment-wise (at P < 0.05) after correction for multiple testing. No significant association was found with haplotypes of the three most common SNPs. Linkage disequilibrium patterns were similar for the three ethnic/cultural groups.
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20651814
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19521089
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19144556
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21130517
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Detection of EGFR mutations in plasma DNA from lung cancer patients by mass spectrometry genotyping is predictive of tumor EGFR status and response to EGFR inhibitors.
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20579626
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14978789
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Homozygous deletions within the 11q13 cervical cancer tumor-suppressor locus in radiation-induced, neoplastically transformed human hybrid cells.
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18235024
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
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14510916
[ "Progressive", "decline", "of", "vasopressin", "secretion", "in", "familial", "autosomal", "dominant", "neurohypophyseal", "diabetes", "insipidus", "presenting", "a", "novel", "mutation", "in", "the", "vasopressin-neurophysin", "II", "gene." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Progressive decline of vasopressin secretion in familial autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus presenting a novel mutation in the vasopressin-neurophysin II gene.
[ 2, 7529, 6859, 1927, 20671, 5512, 1922, 11444, 13027, 6379, 3366, 30338, 7056, 25818, 4127, 1923, 4032, 2346, 2049, 22291, 8326, 43, 4008, 3979, 1922, 1920, 20671, 17, 16916, 1921, 2890, 2359, 18, 3 ]
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
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16130093
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
16311014
[ "Tag/anti-tag", "liquid-phase", "primer", "extension", "array:", "a", "flexible", "and", "versatile", "genotyping", "platform." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Tag/anti-tag liquid-phase primer extension array: a flexible and versatile genotyping platform.
[ 2, 5218, 19, 2246, 17, 5218, 5875, 17, 3193, 6194, 7140, 6472, 30, 43, 9964, 1930, 20425, 10667, 6631, 18, 3 ]
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[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
19132389
[ "Impact", "of", "pepsinogen", "C", "polymorphism", "on", "individual", "susceptibility", "to", "gastric", "cancer", "and", "its", "precancerous", "conditions", "in", "a", "Northeast", "Chinese", "population." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Impact of pepsinogen C polymorphism on individual susceptibility to gastric cancer and its precancerous conditions in a Northeast Chinese population.
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15459183
[ "CD72", "polymorphisms", "associated", "with", "alternative", "splicing", "modify", "susceptibility", "to", "human", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "through", "epistatic", "interaction", "with", "FCGR2B." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
CD72 polymorphisms associated with alternative splicing modify susceptibility to human systemic lupus erythematosus through epistatic interaction with FCGR2B.
[ 2, 2464, 10180, 8321, 2458, 1956, 5012, 8490, 11675, 6461, 1942, 2616, 5510, 13711, 22045, 2596, 30293, 2835, 1956, 6437, 2299, 9385, 18, 3 ]
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[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
19542096
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
18050247
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
17549393
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
16849419
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
19880293
[ "Polymorphisms", "in", "the", "FOXP3", "gene", "in", "Han", "Chinese", "psoriasis", "patients." ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
Polymorphisms in the FOXP3 gene in Han Chinese psoriasis patients.
[ 2, 8321, 1922, 1920, 11206, 2359, 1922, 13087, 7185, 14109, 2132, 18, 3 ]
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
[ -100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -100 ]
21506149
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
14587045
[]
[]
[ 2, 3 ]
[ 0, 0 ]
[ 1, 1 ]
[ -100, -100 ]
15680411
[ "Polymorphic", "variation", "in", "DNA", "repair", "genes", "was", "examined", "in", "a", "group", "of", "retired", "workers", "from", "the", "British", "Nuclear", "Fuels", "plc", "facility", "at", "Sellafield", "in", "relation", "to", "previously", "determined", "translocation", "frequencies", "in", "peripheral", "blood", "lymphocytes.", "Variation", "at", "seven", "polymorphisms", "in", "four", "genes", "involved", "in", "the", "base", "excision", "repair", "(XRCC1", "R194W", ",", "R399Q", " ", "and", "a", "[AC]n", "microsatellite", "in", "the", "3'", "UTR)", "and", "double", "strand", "break", "repair", "(XRCC3", "T241M", " ", "and", "a", "[AC]n", "microsatellite", "in", "intron", "3", "of", "XRCC3,", "XRCC4", "I134T", ",", "and", "a", "GACTAn", "microsatellite", "located", "120", "kb", "5'", "of", "XRCC5)", "pathways", "was", "determined", "for", "291", "retired", "radiation", "workers", "who", "had", "received", "cumulative", "occupational", "external", "radiation", "doses", "of", "between", "0", "and", "1873", "mSv.", "When", "the", "interaction", "between", "radiation", "dose", "and", "each", "DNA", "repair", "gene", "polymorphism", "was", "examined", "in", "relation", "to", "translocation", "frequency", "there", "was", "no", "evidence", "for", "any", "of", "the", "polymorphisms", "studied", "influencing", "the", "response", "to", "occupational", "exposure.", "A", "positive", "interaction", "observed", "between", "genotype", "(individuals", "with", "at", "least", "one", "allele", ">", "or", "=20", "repeat", "units)", "at", "a", "microsatellite", "locus", "in", "the", "XRCC3", "gene", "and", "smoking", "status", "should", "be", "interpreted", "cautiously", "because", "interactions", "were", "investigated", "for", "seven", "polymorphisms", "and", "two", "exposures.", "Nonetheless,", "further", "research", "is", "warranted", "to", "examine", "whether", "this", "DNA", "repair", "gene", "variant", "might", "be", "associated", "with", "a", "sub-optimal", "repair", "response", "to", "smoking-induced", "DNA", "damage", "and", "hence", "an", "increased", "frequency", "of", "translocations." ]
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Polymorphic variation in DNA repair genes was examined in a group of retired workers from the British Nuclear Fuels plc facility at Sellafield in relation to previously determined translocation frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Variation at seven polymorphisms in four genes involved in the base excision repair (XRCC1 R194W , R399Q and a [AC]n microsatellite in the 3' UTR) and double strand break repair (XRCC3 T241M and a [AC]n microsatellite in intron 3 of XRCC3, XRCC4 I134T , and a GACTAn microsatellite located 120 kb 5' of XRCC5) pathways was determined for 291 retired radiation workers who had received cumulative occupational external radiation doses of between 0 and 1873 mSv. When the interaction between radiation dose and each DNA repair gene polymorphism was examined in relation to translocation frequency there was no evidence for any of the polymorphisms studied influencing the response to occupational exposure. A positive interaction observed between genotype (individuals with at least one allele > or =20 repeat units) at a microsatellite locus in the XRCC3 gene and smoking status should be interpreted cautiously because interactions were investigated for seven polymorphisms and two exposures. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to examine whether this DNA repair gene variant might be associated with a sub-optimal repair response to smoking-induced DNA damage and hence an increased frequency of translocations.
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20682662
[ "OBJECTIVE:", "C-C", "chemokine", "receptor", "5", "(CCR5)", "plays", "an", "important", "role", "in", "inflammation.", "A", "32", "base-pair", "(/\\32)", "deletion", "in", "the", "CCR5", "gene", "leads", "to", "a", "nonfunctional", "receptor.", "This", "deletion", "has", "been", "reported", "to", "have", "a", "protective", "effect", "on", "the", "development", "and", "progression", "of", "several", "autoimmune", "diseases.", "We", "investigated", "whether", "the", "/\\32", "deletion", "is", "associated", "with", "disease", "susceptibility", "in", "a", "population", "of", "patients", "with", "rheumatoid", "arthritis", "(RA),", "systemic", "lupus", "erythematosus", "(SLE),", "and", "lupus", "nephritis", "(LN);", "and", "whether", "it", "is", "associated", "with", "disease", "severity.", "METHODS:", "DNA", "samples", "from", "405", "RA", "patients,", "97", "SLE", "patients,", "113", "LN", "patients,", "and", "431", "healthy", "controls", "were", "genotyped", "for", "the", "CCR5", "/\\32", "deletion.", "Differences", "in", "genotype", "frequencies", "were", "tested", "between", "patients", "and", "controls.", "Association", "of", "genotypes", "with", "disease", "severity", "was", "analyzed.", "RESULTS:", "Genotype", "frequencies", "of", "each", "group", "were", "in", "Hardy-Weinberg", "equilibrium.", "The", "genotype", "frequencies", "of", "patients", "did", "not", "differ", "significantly", "from", "controls", "(CCR5//\\32,", "/\\32//\\32:", "RA", "18.3%", "and", "1.2%,", "respectively;", "SLE", "17.5%", "and", "2.1%;", "LN", "13.3%", "and", "1.8%;", "controls", "20.0%", "and", "2.8%).", "However,", "there", "was", "a", "trend", "for", "lower", "/\\32", "deletion", "allele", "frequency", "in", "LN", "patients", "compared", "to", "controls", "(p", "=", "0.08).", "There", "was", "no", "significant", "association", "between", "the", "CCR5", "status", "and", "disease", "severity", "in", "RA,", "SLE,", "or", "LN.", "CONCLUSION:", "Although", "an", "association", "with", "LN", "cannot", "be", "excluded,", "the", "CCR5", "/\\32", "deletion", "does", "not", "seem", "to", "be", "a", "disease", "susceptibility", "genotype", "for", "RA,", "SLE,", "or", "LN.", "No", "significant", "effect", "of", "the", "/\\32", "deletion", "on", "disease", "severity", "was", "demonstrated." ]
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OBJECTIVE: C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in inflammation. A 32 base-pair (/\32) deletion in the CCR5 gene leads to a nonfunctional receptor. This deletion has been reported to have a protective effect on the development and progression of several autoimmune diseases. We investigated whether the /\32 deletion is associated with disease susceptibility in a population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and lupus nephritis (LN); and whether it is associated with disease severity. METHODS: DNA samples from 405 RA patients, 97 SLE patients, 113 LN patients, and 431 healthy controls were genotyped for the CCR5 /\32 deletion. Differences in genotype frequencies were tested between patients and controls. Association of genotypes with disease severity was analyzed. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies of each group were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype frequencies of patients did not differ significantly from controls (CCR5//\32, /\32//\32: RA 18.3% and 1.2%, respectively; SLE 17.5% and 2.1%; LN 13.3% and 1.8%; controls 20.0% and 2.8%). However, there was a trend for lower /\32 deletion allele frequency in LN patients compared to controls (p = 0.08). There was no significant association between the CCR5 status and disease severity in RA, SLE, or LN. CONCLUSION: Although an association with LN cannot be excluded, the CCR5 /\32 deletion does not seem to be a disease susceptibility genotype for RA, SLE, or LN. No significant effect of the /\32 deletion on disease severity was demonstrated.
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15837627
[ "Activating", "mutation", "in", "the", "tyrosine", "kinase", "JAK2", "in", "polycythemia", "vera,", "essential", "thrombocythemia,", "and", "myeloid", "metaplasia", "with", "myelofibrosis." ]
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Activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis.
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17353905
[ "DFF45/ICAD", "restores", "cisplatin-induced", "nuclear", "fragmentation", "but", "not", "DNA", "cleavage", "in", "DFF45-deficient", "neuroblastoma", "cells." ]
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DFF45/ICAD restores cisplatin-induced nuclear fragmentation but not DNA cleavage in DFF45-deficient neuroblastoma cells.
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18779591
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There is currently no known genetic disease linked to prolactin (Prl) or its receptor (PrlR) in humans. Given the essential role of this hormonal system in breast physiology, we reasoned that genetic anomalies of Prl/PrlR genes may be related to the occurrence of breast diseases with high proliferative potential. Multiple fibroadenomas (MFA) are benign breast tumors which appear most frequently in young women, including at puberty, when Prl has well-recognized proliferative actions on the breast. In a prospective study involving 74 MFA patients and 170 control subjects, we identified four patients harboring a heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 6 of the PrlR gene, encoding Ile(146)-->Leu substitution in its extracellular domain. This sole substitution was sufficient to confer constitutive activity to the receptor variant (PrlR( I146L )), as assessed in three reconstituted cell models (Ba/F3, HEK293 and MCF-7 cells) by Prl-independent (i) PrlR tyrosine phosphorylation, (ii) activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, (iii) transcriptional activity toward a Prl-responsive reporter gene, and (iv) cell proliferation and protection from cell death. Constitutive activity of PrlR( I146L ) in the breast sample from a patient was supported by increased STAT5 signaling. This is a unique description of a functional mutation of the PrlR associated with a human disease. Hallmarks of constitutive activity were all reversed by a specific PrlR antagonist, which opens potential therapeutic approaches for MFA, or any other disease that could be associated with this mutation in future.
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16953235
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Analysis of a missense variant of the human N-formyl peptide receptor that is associated with agonist-independent beta-arrestin association and indices of inflammation.
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15258261
[]
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16157158
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Most females with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) exhibit atypical vegetative symptoms such as overeating, and weight gain when depressed. The serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT(2C)) plays a key role in control of appetite and satiety. A 5-HT(2C) Cys 23 Ser substitution, coded for by a single nucleotide polymorphism ( Cys 23 Ser ) within the 5-HT(2C) gene, has been shown to influence 5-HT(2C) function. We hypothesized that Cys 23 Ser influences weight regulation in females with SAD. Two independent samples from Austria (162 females with SAD, 119 controls), and Canada (90 females with SAD, 42 controls) were genotyped for Cys 23 Ser . Influence on weight regulation was analyzed within patients with atypical features. In Austrians, genotype distribution differed between patients and controls (p=0.044) and Cys 23 Ser was associated with weight (p=0.039), body mass index (BMI; p=0.038), and seasonal appetite change (p=0.031). All values were highest in Cys/Cys, intermediate in Cys/Ser, and lowest in Ser/Ser carriers. In Canadian patients, Cys 23 Ser was associated with minimum lifetime BMI (p=0.046), with lowest values in Ser/Ser carriers. Our data provide evidence that Cys 23 Ser mediates severity of weight regulation disturbances in females with SAD, and the gene-dose effect-like differences suggest a direct functional role of Cys 23 Ser in the behavioral regulation of body weight.
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21850008
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Mutations in mitochondrially encoded complex I enzyme as the second common cause in a cohort of Chinese patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes.
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17614823
[ "Characterisation", "of", "a", "large", "complex", "intragenic", "re-arrangement", "in", "the", "FVII", "gene", "(F7)", "avoiding", "misdiagnosis", "in", "inherited", "factor", "VII", "deficiency." ]
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Characterisation of a large complex intragenic re-arrangement in the FVII gene (F7) avoiding misdiagnosis in inherited factor VII deficiency.
[ 2, 27782, 1927, 43, 3103, 2796, 27911, 7245, 1964, 17, 13002, 1922, 1920, 11417, 3907, 2359, 12, 48, 1027, 13, 13910, 23887, 2475, 1922, 12911, 2991, 16852, 6179, 18, 3 ]
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14623461
[ "Germline", "deletions", "of", "EXO1", "do", "not", "cause", "colorectal", "tumors", "and", "lesions", "which", "are", "null", "for", "EXO1", "do", "not", "have", "microsatellite", "instability." ]
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Germline deletions of EXO1 do not cause colorectal tumors and lesions which are null for EXO1 do not have microsatellite instability.
[ 2, 12237, 10550, 1927, 18930, 1009, 2608, 2084, 3936, 7820, 3861, 1930, 4518, 2154, 2032, 6764, 1958, 18930, 1009, 2608, 2084, 2162, 16069, 9557, 18, 3 ]
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