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IPQuiz

like 1

B

{"A": "If it contains a new, non-obvious, and useful algorithm.", "B": "If it takes a genuinely-inventive step to either trigger an action, employ a device, or in some other way produce a tangible transformative result.", "C": "If it records the sale of T-shirts over the Internet.", "D": "None of the above."}

en

When might a software be patentable?

B

{"A": "Gottschalk v. Benson", "B": "Williams & Wilkins v. United States", "C": "Parker v. Flook", "D": "Diamond v. Diehr"}

en

Which of the following cases was NOT one of the Supreme Court’s “software-eligibility trilogy” of cases?

D

{"A": "State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group", "B": "In re Bilski", "C": "Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories", "D": "Alice v. CLS Bank"}

en

Which court case most severely limited software patentability?

A

{"A": "The highest-value new software products and services are also hardest to patent.", "B": "You can get software patents, but you can’t enforce them.", "C": "You can only patent software that replicates human activity.", "D": "None of the above."}

en

What is the so-called “Alice paradox”?

B

{"A": "True.", "B": "False."}

en

Patents should only be granted for big revolutionary breakthroughs. True or False?

B

{"A": "Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Labs., Inc.", "B": "Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.", "C": "Nautilus, Inc. v. Biosig Instruments, Inc."}

en

Which of the following Supreme Court cases held that a naturally occurring DNA segment CANNOT be patented?

B

{"A": "Novel.", "B": "Revolutionary.", "C": "Non-obvious.", "D": "Useful."}

en

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for patent eligibility?

B

{"A": "Any previous private discussions of an invention or its components.", "B": "Any previous patent, publication, or public use of an invention.", "C": "Any previous speculation about an invention.", "D": "None of the above."}

en

What does the term “prior art” refer to?

B

{"A": "True.", "B": "False."}

en

If you invent a functioning starship warp drive, Star Trek would be considered prior art and your invention would be ineligible for a patent. True or False?

A

{"A": "Work or function as intended.", "B": "Be of some benefit to society.", "C": "Be a worthwhile product, process, or composition of matter.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

To meet the requirement for utility, which of the following must an invention do?

C

{"A": "The technology in a smartphone is much more complicated.", "B": "Putting wheels from a chair onto a cart is less difficult.", "C": "Combining a camera and a cell phone produced an unexpected result."}

en

Why would combining a camera with a cell phone in a smartphone pass the test for non-obviousness, whereas putting wheels from a chair onto an office cart would not?

C

{"A": "Utility.", "B": "Novelty.", "C": "Non-obviousness."}

en

Of the three criteria for patenting, which is the most difficult to surmount?

C

{"A": "Bioengineered plants.", "B": "Naturally grown plants that are distinctively different.", "C": "Plants that are asexually cultivated, not grown from seeds.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

For which of the following are plant patents granted?

B

{"A": "Novelty, utility, and non-obviousness.", "B": "Novelty, distinctiveness, and non-obviousness.", "C": "Novelty, beauty, and non-obviousness."}

en

What are the three patentability criteria for plant patents?

B

{"A": "Functional designs for manufactured items, like the shape of a chair.", "B": "Ornamental designs for items of manufacture, like the fabric design of a chair.", "C": "All of the above."}

en

What are design patents granted for?

C

{"A": "Novelty, utility, and non-obviousness.", "B": "Novelty, beauty, and non-obviousness.", "C": "Novelty, ornamentality, and non-obviousness."}

en

What are the three patentability criteria for a design patent?

A

{"A": "Universities, non-profits, and small businesses with fewer than 500 employees.", "B": "Those with gross income less than three times U.S. median household income or meet other certain critera."}

en

By what percentage are filing fees reduced if the applicant is on of the following:

D

{"A": "It is less expensive.", "B": "It is not subject to examination.", "C": "It grants an early filing date while the inventor continues working on the invention.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

What is the advantage of a provisional patent application, which lasts only one year?

B

{"A": "It reserves an early filing date for a later, nonprovisional application.", "B": "The claims in a later, nonprovisional application must be completely consistent with the early description contained in the provisional application.", "C": "The provisional patent only contains the specifications, and drawings, if any.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

What is the main disadvantage of a provisional patent application?

A

{"A": "The claims.", "B": "The specification.", "C": "The drawings.", "D": "The abstract."}

en

What is the most critical part of a patent application that determines both the inventor’s rights and an infringer’s liability?

C

{"A": "Draft them as broadly as possible, to cover every possible use of the invention.", "B": "Draft them as narrowly as possible, so the examiner won’t reject them.", "C": "Draft them as broadly as the specifications and the prior art allows, then back up those broad claims with successively narrower claims as backup."}

en

Which of the following is the best strategy in drafting claims in a patent application?

B

{"A": "Allows all the claims in the patent application.", "B": "Rejects some claims and/or requests further information.", "C": "Rejects the entire application."}

en

In a “first office action,” the examiner usually does which of the following?

D

{"A": "Cancel the rejected claims, leaving only allowed claims.", "B": "File what’s called a “continuation application.”", "C": "Appeal to the Patent Trial and Appeal Board.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

In a second or subsequent examination, if the examiner finally rejects some or all of the claims, what can the applicant do at that point?

C

{"A": "The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)", "B": "The U.S. Department of Justice.", "C": "The owner of the patent, suing in a federal civil lawsuit."}

en

Responsibility for legally enforcing patents rests with which of the following bodies?

B

{"A": "The exclusive right to “practice” the patent—meaning the exclusive right to make or sell products based on the patent.", "B": "The right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing the invention covered by the patent throughout the United States.", "C": "Both of these."}

en

Patent owners have which of the following rights under the law?

B

{"A": "Intending to infringe the patent.", "B": "Making, using, or selling the patented invention without authorization.", "C": "Knowing that the patent exists."}

en

Which of the following is required in order to infringe a patent?

A

{"A": "One or more of a patent’s claims match (or “read on”) the features and functions of a device or process.", "B": "A device or process that performs a “substantially similar” functions to those described in a patent’s claims.", "C": "Both of the above are correct."}

en

Which of the following is the legal definition of patent infringement?

C

{"A": "If a device performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way as your patent claim, infringement exists if any differences are insignificant.", "B": "A patent calling for an “adhesive” connection (describing glue as the preferred adhesive) may be infringed by a device using a Velcro® fastener.", "C": "Both of the above are correct."}

en

Which of the following illustrates the “doctrine of equivalents”?

C

{"A": "Two. You can sue the infringer in federal court, or ignore the infringement.", "B": "Three. Besides the two above, you can simply demand he stop infringing.", "C": "Four. You can sue the infringer, demand he stop infringing and pay monetary damages, offer the infringer a license in return for royalties, or ignore it."}

en

If you believe your patent is being infringed, you have how many options for recourse?

D

{"A": "Litigation financing in exchange for a share of any damages.", "B": "Out-of-court license and royalty settlements.", "C": "Contingency lawyers take the case for a share of any damages.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

Patent infringement suits can take years and cost millions of dollars. Which of the following is another option patent owners have in seeking redress for infringement?

C

{"A": "Sue them one at a time, so they don’t gang up on you.", "B": "Pick the one with the biggest pockets, as the settlement will likely be larger.", "C": "Sue them all simultaneously, and let them sort out their differences."}

en

If you think multiple parties are infringing, what is your best strategy?

C

{"A": "Always. This gives them the opportunity to settle prior to you filing a costly suit.", "B": "Never. They can then sue you preemptively, giving them the vital initiative in seeking a venue of their choice and a declaratory judgement of noninfringement.", "C": "Yes, but only if you file suit simultaneously or shortly afterwards."}

en

Should you alert an infringer beforehand that you intend to file suit?

A

{"A": "60 to 75 percent of the time.", "B": "80 to 90 percent of the time.", "C": "40 to 50 percent of the time."}

en

How often do plaintiffs win at trial?

C

{"A": "Improper jurisdiction.", "B": "Improper venue.", "C": "Improper (or invalid) patent.", "D": "Failure to state a proper claim."}

en

Which of the following is NOT a valid reason for filing a motion to dismiss once a suit is filed in a federal court?

C

{"A": "The patent is invalid.", "B": "The patent is not infringed.", "C": "The plaintiff waited too long to file suit.", "D": "The patent covers a nonessential part of the allegedly infringing product."}

en

Which of the following is NOT a possible defense in a defendant’s answer to a claim?

C

{"A": "The PTO is less likely to judge that a patent has been infringed.", "B": "It's quicker than waiting for a trial.", "C": "The PTO has shown a strong likelihood of finding challenged patents invalid."}

en

Why have defendants increasingly turned to post-grant review proceedings at the PTO, such as inter partes review, since the America Invents Act was passed in 2011?

C

{"A": "Through production of documents and interrogatories, either side may discover information that may be decisive in confirming or rebutting infringement claims.", "B": "Discovery is often an endless fishing expedition that escalates the costs to both parties exponentially.", "C": "Both of these describe the role of discovery in an infringement case."}

en

What role does discovery play in an infringement case?

C

{"A": "Discovery.", "B": "Summary Judgment.", "C": "Claims construction (or Markman) hearings.", "D": "The Verdict."}

en

What is the most critical pretrial phase of every patent infringement case?

B

{"A": "You need an odd number of jurors to break a tie vote on the verdict.", "B": "Six jurors won’t be enough for a legal verdict if one is excused during trial, and twelve jurors will likely take too long to decide the case."}

en

Why do courts usually seat seven to nine jurors rather than six or twelve in most patent cases?

C

{"A": "The facts of the case, not each party’s moral views, are all that matters to a jury.", "B": "It is immoral to spend $3 million to $10 million on a patent suit.", "C": "Each party casts itself as in the right and its opponent as doing them wrong."}

en

Why are patent trials often thought of as morality plays?

A

{"A": "Deceiving or misleading the patent office to grant a patent.", "B": "Deceiving or misleading a jury during opening arguments.", "C": "Deceiving or misleading the opposing party during the discovery phase."}

en

Which of the following is the definition of inequitable conduct?

B

{"A": "Selling a product despite knowing that a patent exists that the product might be infringing.", "B": "Selling a product despite an objectively high likelihood that it infringed a valid patent and that this risk was known or should have been known to the infringer.", "C": "Deliberately not conducting a prior art search to determine if a patent exists that your product might be infringing."}

en

What’s the standard for proving willful infringement, leading to enhanced damages?

B

{"A": "Convincing evidence of bad faith or gross negligence by the losing party.", "B": "A case that “stands out from others” in the weakness of the plaintiff’s case or the unreasonable or abusive manner in which it was litigated."}

en

What is the standard for imposing attorneys’ fees on the losing party to a patent suit?

C

{"A": "A very large award for monetary damages.", "B": "Pre- and post judgment interest payments on the damage award.", "C": "Injunctive relief barring further sales of the infringer’s products."}

en

What is often the most serious damage that a court can impose upon an infringer?

D

{"A": "The cost of an appeal is orders of magnitude less than the cost of the trial itself.", "B": "Legal issues such as claim construction are reviewed de novo - meaning, without regard to the previous trial’s rulings.", "C": "The U.S. Court for the Federal Circuit, the appeals court, affirms in full less than 60 percent of the patent cases it decides on the merits.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

Which of the following explain why patent infringement verdicts are almost always appealed?

C

{"A": "Mediations result in settlements only if both parties agree.", "B": "In arbitrations, the parties are bound by the decision of the arbitrator.", "C": "Both of these are accurate."}

en

As an alternative to litigation, mediation is different from arbitration in what way?

C

{"A": "A patent owner who licenses their patents rather than makes or sells products.", "B": "A patent owner whose main source of revenue is patent litigation.", "C": "A patent owner whose main source of revenue is “nuisance settlements” for less than the cost of litigation."}

en

Which of the following is the definition of a “patent troll”?

A

{"A": "How their work is published, reproduced, performed, or displayed.", "B": "The price at which their work is sold, performed, or displayed.", "C": "Whether or not the work becomes a classic on art, theater, or literature."}

en

A copyright gives authors, artists, dramatists, architects, and other artistic creators the exclusive right to control what?

B

{"A": "Declare war.", "B": "Grant patents.", "C": "Make all laws necessary and proper to enforce copyrights."}

en

Copyright is made possible by Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the U.S. Constitution, which also gives Congress the authority to do what?

A C

{"A": "Graphic works.", "B": "Novel, non-obvious and useful inventions.", "C": "Architectural works."}

en

Congress and the courts have interpreted the terms “authors” and “writings” very broadly to include which of the following as eligible for copyright? (Choose all that apply)

C

{"A": "Once it is officially registered with the U.S. Copyright Office.", "B": "Once the U.S. Copyright Office grants an official copyright.", "C": "Once it is expressed in a tangible form that allows it to be seen or copied."}

en

When is a work considered copyrighted?

D

{"A": "The merit of an artistic or literary work is a wholly subjective determination.", "B": "Merit has nothing to do with whether or not a creative work is copyrightable.", "C": "Patent examiners can all agree that an invention is novel, non-obvious and useful, but art critics may never all agree that any one painting is beautiful.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

There is an extensive examination system for getting a patent approved. Why is there not a similar system in place for copyrights?

A C

{"A": "By protecting the property rights of artists to their creations, the wellsprings of creation do not dry up for lack of incentive.", "B": "Copyrights ensure that artists and writers won’t be taken advantage of.", "C": "Cultural creativity serves the public good and promotes literacy and learning."}

en

Which two public policy goals are served by granting copyrights? (Choose all that apply)

C

{"A": "Copyrights were thought to be in less conflict with the public interest.", "B": "Copyrights were enforced with the same diligence as patent rights.", "C": "Patent rights were seen as more beneficial to the public than copyrights."}

en

How were copyrights viewed very differently from patent rights in terms of the interests of the general public?

C

{"A": "Authors were not generally interested in economic gain.", "B": "Authors were motivated only by the prospect of economic gain.", "C": "Both artists and inventors sought economic gain, but authors also tended to be rewarded by celebrity and reputational gain as well."}

en

The policy of strong patent rights and weaker copyrights also reflected what differences in the motivations of inventors compared with authors?

C

{"A": "France in the sixteenth century.", "B": "England under Queen Anne.", "C": "The Republic of Venice in the fifteenth century."}

en

Copyrights began to be formally issued in what part of Europe?

C

{"A": "Authors.", "B": "Artists.", "C": "Printers and publishers."}

en

Initially, to whom were copyrights given?

E

{"A": "All operatic performances.", "B": "The publication of operatic librettos.", "C": "The number of musicians who could perform outside the Paris Opera.", "D": "Bequeath his copyright monopoly to his heirs.", "E": "All of the above."}

en

The copyright granted in 1669 to Jean-Baptiste Lully, director of the Paris Opera, gave him exclusive rights to? (Choose all that apply)

B

{"A": "Bookstores sent the authorities records of who purchased what books.", "B": "Books had to be read and approved by a censor before a permit was granted to print the book."}

en

How did early copyrights evolve from business monopolies into instruments of censorship and surveillance?

C

{"A": "It required that copyrights be given to multiple printers, not just one monopoly.", "B": "It enabled copyrights to last as long as 150 years.", "C": "It enabled anyone to get a copyright lasting 14 years with the right to renew."}

en

What did the 1709 Statute of Anne do to copyright practices?

A

{"A": "Created monopolies, high prices, censorship, and wealth for the Crown.", "B": "Guaranteed authors’ rights.", "C": "Prevented publishers and printers from exploiting authors and artists."}

en

In general, early European copyright systems achieved what results?

B

{"A": "It established that copyright was the common law right of publishers.", "B": "It treated copyright as a limited right of authors for the first time anywhere.", "C": "It gave Thomas Beckett the right to his own work in perpetuity."}

en

What was the significance of the landmarkDonaldson v. Beckett case in England?

A B

{"A": "Sheet music, maps, design, and sculpture.", "B": "Lectures.", "C": "Inventions."}

en

After Donaldson v. Beckett, copyrights were expanded to include which of the following? (Choose all that apply)

B

{"A": "Literary works.", "B": "Practical guides, newspapers, and almanacs.", "C": "Poetry."}

en

At the time of America’s first copyright laws, publications in America were mostly focused on which of the following?

C

{"A": "To guarantee the rights of authors.", "B": "To guarantee the rights of publishers and printers.", "C": "To ensure widespread public access to knowledge and information."}

en

Given America’s more utilitarian focus in publishing, what was the emphasis placed in the drafting of our first copyright laws?

B

{"A": "28 years.", "B": "14 years, with the right of renewal.", "C": "Life-plus 70 years."}

en

Copyrights for U.S. citizens last for what term?

C

{"A": "1776", "B": "1783", "C": "1790"}

en

The first U.S. copyright law was signed by George Washington when?

B

{"A": "It strongly prohibited copyright infringement whether domestic and foreign.", "B": "It explicitly allowed, even encouraged the piracy of foreign works."}

en

How did America’s first copyright law treat the infringement of foreign cultural works?

C

{"A": "Until 1810.", "B": "Until the end of the Civil War in 1865.", "C": "Until 1891."}

en

America would resist all efforts to outlaw the piracy of foreign works for how long?

C

{"A": "A novel.", "B": "An almanac.", "C": "A spelling book.", "D": "A book of poems."}

en

John Barry was the first American to receive a copyright. For which type of work did he receive the copyright?

A

{"A": "33%", "B": "65%", "C": "92%"}

en

A half century after independence, what proportion of literary works published in America were written by Americans?

D

{"A": "The U.S. was regarded as an publishing outlaw by other countries.", "B": "American works cost a lot more than pirated foreign works.", "C": "Domestic American authorship was stunted and delayed as a result.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

What were some of the costs of America’s rampant piracy of foreign books?

B

{"A": "1837", "B": "1851", "C": "1861"}

en

When was Harriet Beacher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin copyrighted?

A B

{"A": "An excessive incentive to copy others.", "B": "An excessive incentive to invent or create for themselves.", "C": "An incentive to trade ideas and work freely."}

en

Research and historical experience demonstrate that, in the absence of intellectual property rights, nations are bound to face which of the following?

B

{"A": "The mid-19th Century.", "B": "The early 20th century."}

en

When did U.S. authors finally become the majority of best-selling authors in the U.S.?

E

{"A": "Literary works.", "B": "Musical works, including any accompanying words.", "C": "Dramatic works, including any accompanying music.", "D": "Pantomimes and choreographic works.", "E": "Creative Ideas.", "F": "Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works.", "G": "Motion pictures and other audiovisual works.", "H": "Sound recordings.", "I": "Architectural works."}

en

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight broad categories of copyrightable work?

B

{"A": "It cannot be patented.", "B": "It is considered to be a literary work, which the Copyright Act defines as a work expressed in words, numbers, or other symbols that is creatively compiled.", "C": "It is able to display artistic or literary work on a TV or in an e-book."}

en

Why is computer software eligible for copyright?

C

{"A": "You can’t copyright an idea for a movie, but you can patent it.", "B": "Ideas are just thoughts, not matter how creative. You can’t copyright thoughts.", "C": "You cannot copyright an idea for a space opera, but you can copyright Star Wars—the original expression of a space opera idea put to paper or film."}

en

What is the difference between ideas and their expression under copyright law.

C

{"A": "A mathematical formula.", "B": "Facts that you have discovered through research.", "C": "A compiled Chinese-American phone book that uses facts."}

en

Which of the following may be copyrightable?

E

{"A": "Original.", "B": "Expressed or fixed on a tangible medium that can be seen or copied.", "C": "Authored or creatively compiled.", "D": "Not a fact or abstract idea.", "E": "Culturally worthwhile."}

en

Other than being one of the eight broad categories of creative content, which is NOT one of the other four things a copyrighted work must be.

B

{"A": "5", "B": "6", "C": "8"}

en

How many exclusive rights does a copyright owner have?

C

{"A": "An individual.", "B": "A work of two or more authors.", "C": "A work for hire."}

en

If the copyright in a work lasts for 95 years from first publication, it is copyright for:

B

{"A": "Until 2025.", "B": "Until 2079.", "C": "Until 2110."}

en

How long will Michael Jackson’s copyrights last? (Note: He died in 2009)

C

{"A": "It states that copyright begins with the first sale of your manuscript to a publisher.", "B": "It gives you the right to protect the integrity of your work after publication.", "C": "It terminates your distribution rights after you (or your publisher) sell your work to a bookstore, art gallery, etc."}

en

What is the “first-sale” doctrine?

C

{"A": "1976, with the passage of the Copyright Act.", "B": "1909, when Congress passed the Copyright Act of 1909.", "C": "1989, after the United States joined the international Berne Convention."}

en

Registration used to be required for a copyright. When did that requirement end?

B

{"A": "Comprehensive nonliteral similarity.", "B": "Fragmented literal similarity."}

en

If attorneys could demonstrate in court that Kanye West “sampled” or used pieces of Sly Johnson’s song “Different Strokes” in a song called “The Joy,” this would be evidence of what kind of copyright infringement?

B

{"A": "Comprehensive nonliteral similarity.", "B": "Fragmented literal similarity."}

en

In 2015, a federal jury found Robin Thicke and Pharrell Williams guilty of copyright infringement of soul singer Marvin Gaye’s “Got to Give It Up.” They found that their song “Blurred Lines” demonstrated what form of copyright infringement?

C

{"A": "It shows that you can’t get away with stealing other people’s work.", "B": "The verdict seemed ironic in light of Williams’s smash hit “Happy.”", "C": "It challenged the growing practice in music of incorporating elements, features, themes, and even the “feel” and “mood” of the work of other artists and genres."}

en

In addition to the $5.3 million jury award, why was the Thicke and Williams copyright infringement case considered to be so significant within the music industry?

B

{"A": "The $5.3 million award was thought to be outrageously large.", "B": "Critics said that although Marvin Gaye may have been the Prince of Soul, he didn’t own a copyright to the whole genre.", "C": "Not a single word, melody, or beat from Gaye’s song was actually copied."}

en

The jury’s decision also drew criticism from many copyright and music experts. Why?

C

{"A": "Singers are more willing to license the work of previous artists from whom they gain “look and feel” ideas and inspiration.", "B": "Sam Smith granted Tom Petty songwriting credit and royalties to Smith’s song “Stay With Me,” which bore a resemblance to Petty’s hit “I Won’t Back Down.”", "C": "Both of these are accurate."}

en

In what way has the Marvin Gaye case already made musicians and producers more cautious?

B

{"A": "Actual.", "B": "Punitive.", "C": "Statutory."}

en

Which of the following are NOT one of the types of damages that copyright owners may receive if their work is infringed?

B

{"A": "Treble damages.", "B": "Criminal penalties of up to five years in prison for a first offense, and ten years for a second offense.", "C": "An order to publicly apologize for the infringement."}

en

If someone willfully infringes your copyrighted work for commercial advantage or private financial gain, what may he or she also face?

A

{"A": "It immediately stops the infringer from continuing to make money from work that infringes your copyright.", "B": "It puts the infringer in jail where he cannot commit more infringement."}

en

Sometimes the copyright owner’s most important remedy for infringement will be an injunction. Why?

D

{"A": "Criticism and comment.", "B": "News reporting.", "C": "Teaching or research.", "D": "Political organizing."}

en

Fair use allows for the copying and use of copyrighted material for all EXCEPT which specific purpose?

A

{"A": "A profit-making magazine like\n Vanity Fair\n publishes a book review that quotes several thousand words of the copyrighted book being reviewed.", "B": "A nonprofit university distributes copies of two chapters of a copyrighted textbook to its students so they don’t have to buy the textbook itself."}

en

One of the four factors considered in whether the copying or use of a copyrighted work is considered to be fair use is “the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes.” Which of the following would likely be considered fair use?

B

{"A": "It extended copyright to performances via cable television.", "B": "It prohibited the unauthorized rental or lease of computer software programs.", "C": "It codified fair use into the statutes."}

en

What major change in copyright law was NOT made in the Copyright Act of 1976?

D

{"A": "It prevents people from sharing their digital music and e-books with friends and family, like they can with regular music CDs and printed books.", "B": "DRM measures alienate consumers and limit their choices.", "C": "The elimination of DRM measures will grow the market for digital books and music much more rapidly.", "D": "All of the above."}

en

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 made it a crime to circumvent digital rights management (DRM) measures that control access to digital music and ebooks as a means of preventing piracy. So why are so many listeners, readers, and book and music publishers voluntarily abandoning DRM measures?

C

{"A": "It put all of Sonny and Cher’s formerly copyrighted music into the public domain.", "B": "It reduced the copyright term to that favored by the Founding Fathers—28 years.", "C": "It extended copyright an additional 20 years to the life of the author plus 70 years."}

en

Why was the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998 so controversial?

B

{"A": "The board reduced the rate from 14 cents per 100 songs played to 11 cents.", "B": "The board raised the rate to 17 cents per 100 songs played.", "C": "The board raised the rate to 20 cents per 100 songs played."}

en

On December 16, 2015, the Copyright Royalty Board changed the royalty rates paid by music services like Pandora. What change was made?

B

{"A": "Open source software licensing.", "B": "Open access publishing.", "C": "Creative Commons licenses."}

en

Which of the following alternative channels for licensing copyright never allows users to change, modify, or reuse original content?