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Phenindamine (Nolahist, Thephorin) is an antihistamine and anticholinergic closely related to cyproheptadine. It was developed by Hoffman-La Roche in the late 1940s. It is used to treat symptoms of the common cold and allergies, such as sneezing, itching, rashes, and hives. Its efficacy against some symptoms of opioid withdrawal was researched in the 1950s and 1960s in a number of countries; William S. Burroughs' book Junkie mentions this technique. Like many other first-generation antihistamines, phenindamine has useful potentiating effects on many narcotic analgesics and is even more useful with those opioids which release histamine when in the body. Nolahist was originally manufactured in the US by Carnrick Laboratories, and later by Amarin Pharmaceuticals. When that company ceased its American operations, its product line was acquired by Valeant, but they declined to resume manufacturing Nolahist. The last produced lot bore an expiration date of 10/2005, and the product is no longer available. Phenindamine does exhibit optical isomerism as do other chemicals of its general type ranging from pethidine and alphaprodine to cyproheptadine to certain herbicides and other industrial chemicals; the. In the example at hand, the compound isophenidamine (60295-96-7 MSDS), which is inactive.

1-十一醛，又称 正十一醛，是一种 有机化合物 ，化学式 C10H21CHO。 它是一种有11个碳原子的 醛，是一种无色油状液体。 1-十一醛是香水的成分。尽管它天然存在于柑桔油中，但它是通过1-癸烯的氢甲酰化反应商业生产的。

Bromic acid is a bromine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a bromate.

磺胺甲噁唑（英語：sulfamethoxazole）又称新诺明（Sinonime）、SMZ，是一种广谱抗生素。对大多数革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌都有抑制作用。主要用于敏感菌引起的尿路感染、呼吸系统感染、肠道感染、胆道感染及局部软组织或创面感染等。

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is an organochlorine compound.

蓖麻碱（英語：Ricinine），是从蓖麻中提取到的一种剧毒生物碱。其可作为蓖麻毒蛋白的生物标记。 蓖麻碱由Tuson于1864年在蓖麻籽中分离得到。

Amodiaquine is a quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position. It has a role as an antimalarial, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a drug allergen, a prodrug, an EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of phenols, an aminoquinoline, a secondary amino compound, a tertiary amino compound and an organochlorine compound. It is a conjugate base of an amodiaquine(1+).

阿莫待奎（英語：Amodiaquine，簡稱ADQ) ，别名氨酚喹，是一種用於治療瘧疾（包括尚未出現併發症的惡性瘧原蟲瘧疾）的藥物。建議此藥物與青蒿琥酯一起服用，以降低發生抗藥性風險。由於此藥物可能會產生罕見，但嚴重的副作用，通常不建議用於預防之用。但世界衛生組織 (WHO) 在2013年建議在兒童的高風險感染季節中將其與磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶聯合，用於預防感染。根據一份發表於2010年8月的研究報告，實驗者針對迦納的兒童採用阿莫待奎與青蒿琥酯組合，與採用阿莫待奎與磺胺多辛/乙胺嘧啶組合，進行季節性瘧疾預防性用藥，發現前者組合較後者更具有成本上的優勢。 歐盟或美國等國家因為阿莫待奎的副作用而不再使用，WHO於1990年將其由其瘧疾控制計畫中剔除。但此藥物仍在其他地區（包括非洲 和大洋洲）使用。

Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group (−C6H5) attached to an amino group (−NH2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane, dyes, and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish. It ignites readily, burning with a smoky flame characteristic of aromatic compounds. It is toxic to humans. Relative to benzene, aniline is "electron-rich". It thus participates more rapidly in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening to yellow or red, due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities. Aniline can be diazotized to give a diazonium salt, which can then undergo various nucleophilic substitution reactions. Like other amines, aniline is both a base (pKaH = 4.6) and a nucleophile, although less so than structurally similar aliphatic amines. Because an early source of the benzene from which they are derived was coal tar, aniline dyes are also called coal tar dyes.

空褐麟碱（英语：Bulbocapnine）是一种生物碱，存在于紫堇属（特别是Corydalis cava）和荷包牡丹属，这些植物曾引起（特别是Corydalis caseana）羊和牛的致命中毒。它已被证明可作为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，并通过抑制酪氨酸羟化酶来抑制多巴胺的生物合成。与阿扑吗啡一样，它是β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）纤维形成的抑制剂，而Aβ纤维的存在是阿尔茨海默病的一个标志。因此，根据淀粉样蛋白假说，空褐麟碱是一种潜在的治疗方法。根据《多兰兹医学词典》（Dorlands Medical Dictionary），它“抑制横纹肌的反射和运动活动。它已用于治疗肌肉震颤和前庭眼球震颤”。

Diisopropanolamine is a secondary amino compound that is diethanolamine substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 1'. It is a versatile chemical used in a variety of personal care, cosmetic and industrial products. It has a role as a surfactant, an emulsifier and a buffer. It is a secondary amino compound, a secondary alcohol and an aminodiol. It is functionally related to a 1-aminopropan-2-ol.

假尿嘧啶核苷是細胞中最常見的RNA修飾，是轉錄後修飾的機制之一，在轉錄結束後由假尿苷合成酶（PUS）自尿苷轉化而來，此修飾可能影響RNA的結構、功能、位置與半衰期。mRNA、tRNA、rRNA、snRNA與snoRNA中均有發現假尿嘧啶核苷修飾，在tRNA與rRNA中可穩定RNA的結構，與其轉譯的功能相關；在snRNA中則可促進剪接體對前体信使RNA的切割；在mRNA中的功能仍不清楚，有研究顯示終止密碼子中的假尿嘧啶核苷可能會造成轉譯連讀（translation readthrough）。假尿嘧啶核苷還可能被細胞用作識別自身與外來RNA的機制，即RIG-I和蛋白激酶R等先天免疫蛋白可識別不含有假尿嘧啶核苷的病毒RNA而啟動免疫反應。

Vicianose is a disaccharide. Vicianin is a cyanogenic glycoside containing vicianose. The enzyme vicianin beta-glucosidase uses (R)-vicianin and water to produce mandelonitrile and vicianose. The fruits of Viburnum dentatum appear blue. One of the major pigments is cyanidin 3-vicianoside, but the total mixture is very complex.

溴苯那敏(Brompheniramine)是一種用於過敏症狀的藥物，屬於第一代组胺H1受体拮抗剂（又稱抗組織胺藥），化学式C16H19BrN2。其鹽類馬來酸溴苯那敏(Brompheniramine maleate)常用於藥品中。溴苯那敏的用途及不良反應與同類藥物氯苯那敏相似。

Lipoamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of lipoic acid with ammonia. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of dithiolanes and a monocarboxylic acid amide. It is functionally related to a lipoic acid.

水杨尿酸（英語：Salicyluric acid）是一种有机化合物，化学式C9H9NO4，可看作水杨酸和甘氨酸形成的酰胺，是水杨酸类药物在体内的药物代谢产物，通过肾排出体外 。

Bromoethene is a monohaloethene and a bromoalkene.

水苏糖（英語：Stachyose）是一种四糖，结构式为：半乳糖—半乳糖—葡萄糖—果糖，分子式为：C24H42O21。该糖属于功能性低聚糖，不被人体消化酶完全水解，热量为1.5-2.4 kcal/g。因而可进入结肠，并被肠道细菌酵解利用。

Octopamine is a member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. It has a role as a neurotransmitter. It is a member of phenylethanolamines and a member of tyramines. It is a conjugate base of an octopaminium.

三乙基膦是一种有机磷化合物，化学式为P(CH2CH3)3，可简写为Et3P。它是无色液体，有着烷基膦的特征难闻气味。它可以作为配体和过渡金属形成配合物。 它可由二乙基锌（或三乙基铝）和三氯化磷反应，或磷化钠和碘乙烷反应制得。

Biperiden, sold under the brand name Akineton among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson disease, certain drug-induced movement disorders and Tourette Syndrome. It is not recommended for tardive dyskinesias. It is taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or muscle. Common side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, sleepiness, constipation, and confusion. It should not be used in people with a bowel obstruction or glaucoma. It is unclear if use in pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. Biperiden is in the anticholinergic family of medication. Biperiden was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Biperiden is no longer marketed in the United States.

香兰素胺（Vanillylamine），又称香草胺，是一种生物碱，是辣椒素生物合成的中间产物。由香兰素通过香兰素转氨酶而得到。并进一步与8-甲基-6-壬酸通过辣椒素合成酶的催化而转化为辣椒素。而辣椒素也能在一定条件下通过酶催化水解为香兰素胺和8-甲基-6-壬酸。

Ethyl malonate is a dicarboxylic acid.

双酚A二缩水甘油醚（英語：bisphenol A diglycidyl ether，简称BADGE或DGEBA）是一种有机化合物，也是一种液态环氧树脂。该化合物是一种无色粘稠液体（商业样品可能呈现淡稻草色），是许多环氧树脂配方的关键成分。再加入双酚A、催化剂并加热，可生产出分子量更高的固体双酚A缩水甘油醚环氧树脂。

Azidamfenicol is an organonitrogen compound and an organooxygen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.

C6H5C(O)COH + H2O → C6H5C(O)CH(OH)2

Prephenic acid, commonly also known by its anionic form prephenate, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, as well as of a large number of secondary metabolites of the shikimate pathway.

豆甾烷醇（英語：Stigmastanol，或称为谷甾烷醇，sitostanol，豆甾烷-3β-醇，Stigmastan-3β-ol）是一种存在于许多植物中的植物固醇，这一类的化合物能抑制人体对食物中胆固醇的吸收。动物实验表明豆甾烷醇还能抑制肝脏胆固醇的合成 豆甾烷醇可看作豆固醇和β-谷固醇的氢化产物。

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Present in animals since early stages of evolution, in humans it plays roles in behavior that include social bonding, love, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during childbirth. It is also available in pharmaceutical form. In either form, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to speed up the process of childbirth. In its natural form, it also plays a role in maternal bonding and milk production. Production and secretion of oxytocin is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, where its initial release stimulates production and release of further oxytocin. For example, when oxytocin is released during a contraction of the uterus at the start of childbirth, this stimulates production and release of more oxytocin and an increase in the intensity and frequency of contractions. This process compounds in intensity and frequency and continues until the triggering activity ceases. A similar process takes place during lactation and during sexual activity. Oxytocin is derived by enzymatic splitting from the peptide precursor encoded by the human OXT gene. The deduced structure of the active nonapeptide is: Cys – Tyr – Ile – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Leu – Gly – NH2, or CYIQNCPLG-NH2.

六甲苯是一种碳氢化合物，化学式 C12H18，结构式 C6(CH3)6。它是由苯的六个氢原子都被甲基取代而生的化合物。1929年，凯瑟琳·朗斯代尔报告了六甲苯的晶体结构，证明苯环是平面六边形的，从而结束了关于苯的结构的持续争论。无论是对于X射线晶体学抑或研究芳香性的領域，這皆是一個具有歷史意義的成果。 六甲苯可以通过苯酚与甲醇在高温和合适的固体催化剂（如氧化铝）下反应而生成。这个反应的反应机理已被广泛研究， 過程中含有几种反应中间体的存在。在合适的催化剂存在下，二甲基乙炔的炔烃三聚也可生成六甲基苯。六甲基苯可以被氧化成苯六甲酸，后者的铝盐存在于稀有矿物蜜蠟石中。 六甲基苯也是有机金属化合物中的一种配體。其中一个例子是随着钌原子氧化态变化而改变结构的有机钌化合物，而这个变化不存在于对应的有机铁化合物中。

Periodate is a monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid. It is a monovalent inorganic anion and an iodine oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a periodic acid.

氯雷他定（英語：Loratadine），中英文商品名：开瑞坦、息斯敏、克敏能、佳力天（Claritin）、樂敏錠（Lomidine）等，是第二代的抗组织胺药，常用于治疗过敏症状。和第一代抗组织胺药相比，它的一大特性是无明显嗜睡作用。

Simvastatin is a member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. It has a role as an EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor, a prodrug, an EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor, a ferroptosis inducer and a geroprotector. It is a delta-lactone, a fatty acid ester, a statin (semi-synthetic) and a member of hexahydronaphthalenes. It is functionally related to a lovastatin.

N-甲基-l-谷氨酸（英語：N-Methyl-l-glutamic acid或简称甲基谷氨酸，methylglutamate），分子式C6H11NO4，是谷氨酸的衍生物，氨基上的氢被甲基取代，由谷氨酸和甲胺生物合成。

Febuxostat is a 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. It has a role as an EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor. It is an aromatic ether, a nitrile and a 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid.

二氟一氯一溴甲烷，也稱為海龍1211或氟利昂12B1，是化學式為CF2ClBr的有機化合物，是鹵代烷的一種。 二次世界大戰時首次使用二氟一氯一溴甲烷作為飛機及坦克車的滅火劑。約在1973年時開始用二氟一氯一溴甲烷作為像博物館、大型電腦室或電信交換機房等有貴重物品場所的氣體滅火裝置。二氟一氯一溴甲烷也用在船舶引擎室的滅火裝置中。二氟一氯一溴甲烷也是商用飛機中滅火劑的首選。 二氟一氯一溴甲烷滅火劑的優點包括其毒性較四氯化碳要小，而且二氟一氯一溴甲烷是共價化合物，加熱後不會產生可導電的離子，因此也可用作電氣設備的滅火劑。 由於海龍1211是易揮發性的滅火劑，在使用時人員需佩戴呼吸器。

Kynurenine is a ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a substituted aniline, an aromatic ketone and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of a kynureninate.

枞酸（英語：Abietic acid），是一个二萜，分子式為C20H30O2，也就是說它是由4個異戊二烯單元衍生的化合物。枞酸為玻璃狀或部分結晶的黃色固體，是松香（針葉樹含油樹脂的固體部分）的幾種相近的有機酸中，含量最豐富的一種酸。枞酸用於堵船的漏縫已經有幾個世紀的歷史，而它目前可製造油漆。

Cadaverine is an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine comprising a straight-chain pentane core with amino substitutents at positions 1 and 5. A colourless syrupy liquid diamine with a distinctive unpleasant odour, it is a homologue of putresceine and is formed by the bacterial decarboxylation of lysine that occurs during protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. It is also found in plants such as soyabean. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a cadaverine(2+).

脱磷酸裸盖菇素是一种致幻性蘑菇生物碱，与磷酸化的裸盖菇素共见于多数迷幻蘑菇中。其精神作用多变，一般作用时间在3-8小时。可由裸盖菇素在强酸或碱性条件下脱磷酸化水解得到。也由4-AcO-DMT合成制取。

Ethyl hexanoate is a fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid ethyl ester and a hexanoate ester.

激动素（Kinetin）是促细胞分裂的植物激素细胞分裂素的一种。激动素最初是由卡洛斯·米勒以及福克·K.·斯库格等从经过高压蒸汽处理的鲱鱼精细胞DNA中分离得到的有增强细胞分裂活性的物质。因为能诱导细胞分裂，这种物质被称为激动素。激动素能诱导相应的细胞产生生长素。在植物组织培养中，激动素通常用来诱导癒傷組織的形成（配合生长素），以及诱导癒傷組織形成芽（需要同时使用低浓度的生长素）。

Chrysanthenone (C10H14O) is a terpenoid. It can be produced from its isomer verbenone in a photochemical rearrangement reaction.

环戊烯（Cyclopentene）是分子式为C5H8的有机化合物。它是具有类似汽油味道的无色液体。

Forchlorfenuron is a plant growth regulator. It has been approved for use on kiwifruit and grapes in the United States, and it has been associated with news of watermelons exploding in China.

1916 年，蘇拉明首度問世。此藥收錄於世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單之中，認可為醫療系統中最安全有效的藥物之一。在美國，可在美國疾病控制與預防中心取得此藥，一套療程的藥物費用約在 27 美元之譜，世界衛生組織也在世界各地前述疾病猖獗之處免費提供蘇拉明。

Amoxicillin is a penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a penicillin and a penicillin allergen. It is a conjugate acid of an amoxicillin(1-).

佛波酯（phorbol esters）是一类能促進腫瘤生長的有机化合物，有時會被使用在生物學實驗當中，作為二酰甘油的类似物，激活蛋白激酶C（protein kinase c）。由于佛波酯很难被代谢掉，因此这种激活作用是持续性的，将最终导致细胞的癌变。 佛波醇-12-十四烷酰-13-乙酸酯（phorbol myristoyl acetate；PMA）是其中較常見的一種。

Nonivamide, also called pelargonic acid vanillylamide or PAVA, is an organic compound and a capsaicinoid. It is an amide of pelargonic acid (n-nonanoic acid) and vanillyl amine. It is present in chili peppers, but is commonly manufactured synthetically. It is more heat-stable than capsaicin. Nonivamide is used as a food additive to add pungency to seasonings, flavorings, and spice blends. It is also used in the confectionery industry to create a hot sensation, and in the pharmaceutical industry in some formulations as a cheaper alternative to capsaicin. Like capsaicin, it can deter mammals (but not birds or insects) from consuming plants or seeds (e.g. squirrels and bird feeder seeds). This is consistent with nonivamide's role as a TRPV1 ion channel agonist. Mammalian TRPV1 is activated by heat and capsaicin, but the avian form is insensitive to capsaicin. Nonivamide is used (under the name PAVA) as the payload in "less-lethal munitions" such as the FN Herstal's FN 303 projectiles or as the active ingredient in most pepper sprays, which may be used as a chemical weapon. As a chemical irritant, pepper sprays have been used both as a riot control munition and also a weapon to disperse peaceful demonstrators; they have also been used in other contexts, such as military or police training exercises. While irritants commonly cause only "transient lacrimation, blepharospasm, superficial pain, and disorientation," their use and misuse also presents serious risks of more severe injury and disability.

比托特罗（INN：bitolterol）是一种短效β2肾上腺素受体激动剂，用于缓解哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病等疾病的支气管痉挛。在这些疾病中，负责将空气输送到肺部的气道（支气管及其分支）会变窄。支气管内的肌肉痉挛和炎症加剧了这种变窄。比托特罗通过放松持续存在于支气管和支气管细支周围的平滑肌，有助于空气顺畅通过。 比托特罗是可尔特罗的前药。它起效迅速（2至5分钟），可持续长达6至8小时。该药单独或与茶碱合用，不显示心脏毒性作用。 美国食品和药物管理局于1984年12月批准了比托特罗。该药物于2001年被Élan制药从市场上撤回。

Methyl isobutyl ketone is a ketone.

檜木醇，又称日柏酚（英語：Hinokitiol），扁柏酚，β-侧柏素（β-thujaplicin）是在柏科（Cupressaceae）的树木中发现的一种天然单萜。 它是托酚酮衍生物，是三种侧柏素中的一种。 桧木醇因其广谱抗病毒，抗菌和抗炎作用而被广泛用于口腔护理和治疗产品。桧木醇是锌和铁的离子载体，此外，它还被批准用作食品添加剂。

L-histidine is the L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a proteinogenic amino acid, a histidine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-histidinium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a L-histidinate(1-). It is an enantiomer of a D-histidine. It is a tautomer of a L-histidine zwitterion.

环戊烯（Cyclopentene）是分子式为C5H8的有机化合物。它是具有类似汽油味道的无色液体。

Methyl thiocyanate is a member of the class of thiocyanates that is the methyl ester of thiocyanic acid.

正十一烷，或称十一碳烷，是化学式为CH3(CH2)9CH3的烷烃。十一烷被用作对蛾和蟑螂的性引诱剂。它有341个同分异构体，若不考虑立体异构则有159个。

Penicillamine is an alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. It is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid and a thiol.

青霉胺，以Cuprimine品牌销售，是一种主要用于治疗威尔逊氏病的口服药物 ，还用于患有尿胱氨酸水平高、类风湿性关节炎以及各种重金属中毒的肾结石患者。

Tetrabutylammonium bromide is a tetrabutylammonium salt with bromide as the anionic counterpart. It is an organic bromide salt and a tetrabutylammonium salt.

2-乙酰基噻吩是一种有机硫化合物，化学式为CH3C(O)C4H3S，它是乙酰基噻吩两种同分异构体中更常用的一种，可用于制备噻吩-2-甲酸和噻吩-2-乙酸。它可由噻吩和乙酰氯在四氯化锡存在下反应制得。

Ammonium fluoride is a fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion. It is an ammonium salt and a fluoride salt.

贝凡洛尔（INN：Bevantolol）是一种治疗心绞痛和高血压的候选药物，可作为β受体阻滞剂和钙通道阻滞剂。它是由华纳-兰伯特发现和开发的，但在1989年1月，该公司宣布已撤回新药申请；公司董事长说：“谁需要第30个β受体阻滞剂？”截至2016年，它没有在美国、英国或欧洲上市，考科蓝评论的作者找不到它的产品专论。

Enprofylline is xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a bronchodilator agent, an anti-asthmatic drug and an anti-arrhythmia drug.

四甲基铅，又称四甲铅或四甲基化铅，是用作汽油抗爆剂的化合物。 出于环境考虑，正在逐步淘汰其使用。 美国国家职业安全卫生研究所（NIOSH）已将四甲基铅确定为潜在的工作场所危害。 在10小时的工作日中，建议的四甲基铅的平均暴露极限为0.075毫克每立方米； OSHA的允许接触限值则是假设工作日为8小时的相同值。 暴露于四甲基铅会影响中枢神经系统，肾脏 和心血管系统。 通过吸入，眼睛接触，从皮肤吸收和摄入该物质都可以吸收四甲基铅。 暴露于四甲基铅的症状包括失眠，昏迷，癫痫发作，狂躁，谵妄，食欲不振， 恶心，低血压，焦虑，厌烦和噩梦。 暴露于四甲基铅的急救措施包括人工呼吸，立即洗眼和立即用水冲洗。 如果摄入四甲基铅，应立即就医。

Theophylline is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a bronchodilator agent, a muscle relaxant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an anti-asthmatic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulator, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a drug metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite.

美西麦角（英語：Methysergide，商品名有：Deseril、Sansert）是一种有机化合物，化学式为C21H27N3O2，属于麥角靈衍生物，用作預防和治疗偏頭痛与丛集性头痛的药物。

1-Naphthoic acid is an organic compound with the formula C10H7CO2H. It is one of two isomeric monocarboxylic acids of naphthalene, the other one being 2-naphthoic acid. In general the hydroxynaphthoic acids are more widely used than the parent naphthoic acids.

链霉素（英語：Streptomycin）是一种抗生素，为第一个氨基糖苷类抗生素，也是第一个应用于治疗肺结核的抗生素，从革兰氏阳性的放线菌鏈黴菌屬培养液中分离出来的。其硫酸盐为白色或微黄色粉末或结晶，易溶于水，性较稳定。

Alanine (symbol Ala or A), or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group side chain. Consequently it is classified as a nonpolar, aliphatic α-amino acid. Under biological conditions, it exists in its zwitterionic form with its amine group protonated (as −NH+3) and its carboxyl group deprotonated (as −CO−2). It is non-essential to humans as it can be synthesized metabolically and does not need to be present in the diet. It is encoded by all codons starting with GC (GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG). The L-isomer of alanine (left-handed) is the one that is incorporated into proteins. L-alanine is second only to L-leucine in rate of occurrence, accounting for 7.8% of the primary structure in a sample of 1,150 proteins. The right-handed form, D-alanine, occurs in peptides in some bacterial cell walls: 131  (in peptidoglycan) and in some peptide antibiotics, and occurs in the tissues of many crustaceans and molluscs as an osmolyte.

癸酸乙酯是一种有机化合物，化学式C9H19COOC2H5。

Pentyl butyrate, also known as pentyl butanoate or amyl butyrate, is an ester that is formed when pentanol is reacted with butyric acid, usually in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This ester has a smell reminiscent of pear or apricot. This chemical is used as an additive in cigarettes.

巴豆醛，即2-丁烯醛，结构式CH3CH＝CHCHO。

Nelfinavir is an aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. It has a role as a HIV protease inhibitor and an antineoplastic agent. It is a member of benzamides, a member of phenols, an aryl sulfide, a secondary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound and an organic heterobicyclic compound. It is a conjugate base of a nelfinavir(1+).

奈非那韦（英语：Nelfinavir）是在一个名为Viracept的品牌下售卖的药物。它是用于治疗艾滋病的抗病毒药物，属于蛋白酶抑制剂的药物类别，与其他蛋白酶抑制剂一样，几乎总是与其他抗逆转录病毒药物一起使用。 奈非那韦是一种口服的生物可利用的人类免疫缺陷病毒HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂（Ki=2nM），广泛与艾滋病逆转录酶抑制剂联合用于治疗艾滋病感染。 奈非那韦应与食物一起服用。与食物一起服用药物可降低腹泻的风险。 1992年获得专利，1997年获批医用。

Kynurenic acid is a natural product found in Ephedra transitoria, Ephedra pachyclada, and other organisms with data available.

苯酚（phenol）又名石炭酸（carbolic acid）、羟基苯（hydroxybenzene）、苯醇（benzenol）、酚酸（phenolic acid）等，是最简单的酚类有机物，化学式 C6H5OH（PhOH），常温下为一种无色针状晶体。具毒性、弱酸性，易潮解。

Chloroiodomethane is a halomethane.

双酚AF（英語：Bisphenol AF，缩写BPAF）是一种含氟双酚类化合物，和双酚A（BPA）相比，其两个甲基基团被替换为三氟甲基基团。

Simvastatin, sold under the brand name Zocor among others, is a statin, a type of lipid-lowering medication. It is used along with exercise, diet, and weight loss to decrease elevated lipid levels. It is also used to decrease the risk of heart problems in those at high risk. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include constipation, headaches, and nausea. Serious side effects may include muscle breakdown, liver problems, and increased blood sugar levels. A lower dose may be needed in people with kidney problems. There is evidence of harm to the developing baby when taken during pregnancy and it should not be used by those who are breastfeeding. It is in the statin class of medications and works by decreasing the manufacture of cholesterol by the liver. Simvastatin is made from the fungus Aspergillus terreus. It was patented by Merck in 1980, and came into medical use in 1992. Simvastatin is available as a generic medication, and is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2022, it was the nineteenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 26 million prescriptions.

辛伐他汀是由土麴黴內提煉而得，最早是由默克藥廠所開發，並於1992年開始進入醫療用途。該藥列名於世界衛生組織基本藥物清單，屬於基礎醫療體系必備藥物之一。該藥屬於通用名藥物 。2014年該品的批發價位於0.01至0.12元美金之間。在美國其其價格則位於0.50至1.00美金之間。

Cycloheximide is a naturally occurring fungicide produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. Cycloheximide exerts its effects by interfering with the translocation step in protein synthesis (movement of two tRNA molecules and mRNA in relation to the ribosome), thus blocking eukaryotic translational elongation. Cycloheximide is widely used in biomedical research to inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells studied in vitro (i.e. outside of organisms). It is inexpensive and works rapidly. Its effects are rapidly reversed by simply removing it from the culture medium. Due to significant toxic side effects, including DNA damage, teratogenesis, and other reproductive effects (including birth defects and toxicity to sperm), cycloheximide is generally used only in in vitro research applications, and is not suitable for human use as a therapeutic compound. Although it has been used as a fungicide in agricultural applications, this application is now decreasing as the health risks have become better understood. Because cycloheximide rapidly breaks down in a basic environment, decontamination of work surfaces and containers can be achieved by washing with a non-harmful alkali solution such as soapy water or aqueous sodium bicarbonate. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.

环丙氨嗪（英語：Cyromazine），又称灭蝇胺，是一种三嗪类昆虫生长调节剂，作为杀虫剂与杀螨剂使用。它是三聚氰胺的环丙基衍生物，通过影响某些昆虫幼虫的神经系统来达到杀虫效果。

Aniline is a primary arylamine in which an amino functional group is substituted for one of the benzene hydrogens. It is a primary arylamine and a member of anilines.

異硫氰酸苯乙酯（PEITC）是一种自然出现的异硫氰酸酯，其前体苯乙基芥子油苷出现于一些十字花科植物，尤其是西洋菜。 PEITC的研究着重于其对癌症（比如前列腺癌）的化学预防潜能。 就生物合成而言，PEITC由苯乙基芥子油苷经芥子酶的作用产生。

L-arginine is an L-alpha-amino acid that is the L-isomer of arginine. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a biomarker, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, an arginine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-argininium(1+). It is a conjugate acid of a L-argininate. It is an enantiomer of a D-arginine.

丙酮也稱作二甲基酮，或称醋酮、木酮，是最简单的酮。化學式CH3COCH3。常温常压下為一種有薄荷气味的無色可燃液體。

Zoledronic acid, also known as zoledronate and sold under the brand name Zometa among others, by Novartis among others, is a medication used to treat a number of bone diseases. These include osteoporosis, high blood calcium due to cancer, bone breakdown due to cancer, Paget's disease of bone and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). It is given by injection into a vein. Common side effects include fever, joint pain, high blood pressure, diarrhea, and feeling tired. Serious side effects may include kidney problems, low blood calcium, and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. It is in the bisphosphonate family of medications. It works by blocking the activity of osteoclast cells and thus decreases the breakdown of bone. Zoledronic acid was patented in 1986 and approved for medical use in the United States in 2001. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

己醛，又称正己醛是一种醛 ，用于水果调味。 它的气味类似于刚切好的草，就像顺式-3-己醛。 它可能作为天然提取物而有用，并可防止水果变质。 它是天然存在的化合物，使豌豆中产生类似干草的清香风味。 P. Bagard于1907年出版了己醛的第一个有机合成方法。

Hexachloroethane is a member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane in which all the hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent and a refrigerant. It is a chlorocarbon and a member of chloroethanes.

倍他米隆 (其国际非专利药品名称为“Betamipron”) 也称为“ N-苯甲酰基-β-丙氨酸”或“贝它米龙”，是一种常与抗生素帕尼培南以1:1的比例合用的化合物。倍他米隆能竞争性抑制帕尼培南向肾小管分泌，从而降低帕尼培南在肾皮质的浓度，减弱帕尼培南的肾毒性。

Ethyl isovalerate is the fatty acid ethyl ester of isovaleric acid. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid ethyl ester and an olefinic compound. It is functionally related to an isovaleric acid.

孕烯醇酮（英語：Pregnenolone，3-羟基孕固烯-20-酮）是一种涉及到孕酮、盐皮质激素、糖皮质激素、雄激素以及雌激素类固醇生成的类固醇激素，因此它是一种激素原。

Molybdenum trioxide is a molybdenum oxide.

三氧化钼是钼（VI）的氧化物，分子式为MoO3，是制取其它钼化合物的主要原料。它主要用作制取金属钼，以及催化很多有机反应，比如丙烯氨氧化制取丙烯腈。

1H-imidazole is an imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1. It is a conjugate base of an imidazolium cation. It is a conjugate acid of an imidazolide. It is a tautomer of a 4H-imidazole.

丁香油酚（英語：Eugenol，分子式C10H12O2），是一種有機化合物，存在於多種植物中，富含于其精油中，如月桂油等。具有持久香氣，常作为香皂的香料。 丁香油酚是苯基丙烯，烯丙基鏈取代的鄰甲氧基苯酚。丁香油酚是苯丙類化合物中的一員。它是一種無色至淡黃色油狀液體，從特別是在丁香油、肉荳蔻、肉桂、羅勒和月桂葉某些精油提取。它存在於丁香花蕾油中80-90％的濃度，在丁香葉油82-88％的濃度。 丁香油酚的英文名字“eugenol”源自丁香其中一个属名——“Eugenia”（番樱桃属）。丁香的香氣主要來自其中的丁香油酚。

Cyclotetradecane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H28. It is known as having low strain energy.

此藥于 1936 年获得专利，并于 1941 年获准用于治療 。並列入世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，市面上有多家學名藥。2014年发展中国家每日口服藥物的每日費用約0.27美元。在美國，一个月的治疗费用通常不到 25美元。 2017 年，它是美国最常用处方药的第 154 名，開立的处方超过 400 万张 。

Cathine is an amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer). It has a role as a plant metabolite, a central nervous system stimulant and a psychotropic drug. It is a member of amphetamines and a phenethylamine alkaloid.

亚硫酸盐是亚硫酸所成的盐，含有亚硫酸根离子SO32−。有以下的共振結構：

Thiophene is a monocyclic heteroarene that is furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur. It has a role as a non-polar solvent. It is a mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of thiophenes, a monocyclic heteroarene and a volatile organic compound.

多巴胺（dopamine，DA）是一种神经调控分子和单胺类神经递质，属于兒茶酚胺和苯乙胺衍生物，占了腦中儿茶酚胺的80%。人的脑和肾脏能通过除去前体L-多巴的羧基合成多巴胺，植物和大部分动物同样能合成多巴胺。多巴胺化学名为 2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)乙胺，其英语 dopamine 是 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine 的缩略形式。

Clofazimine is 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. It has a role as a leprostatic drug, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a dye. It is a member of phenazines and a member of monochlorobenzenes.

假木贼碱（英語：Anabasine），又称毒藜碱，新烟碱等，是一种含有吡啶和哌啶结构的茄科生物碱，可见于光烟草等烟草植物中。其为尼古丁的同分异构体。干烟丝中一般含有2-4 %的生物碱，其中90 %为尼古丁，假木贼碱连同降烟碱等则占据余下的10%。自然环境下，这类生物碱是茄科植物为了抵御虫害而产生，因此假木贼碱在过去曾被作为杀虫剂来使用。

Silane is a natural product found in Curcuma longa with data available.

三氯卡班（英語：Triclocarban，缩写TCC）是一种抗细菌化学物质，最初用于医药，后来用于肥皂和洗手液，但现在已不再常用。TCC能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）的生长，但其作用机理尚不明确，TCC已产生了一些耐药性和环境污染，也会扰乱内分泌。

Valeric acid is a natural product found in Humulus lupulus, Penicillium herquei, and other organisms with data available.

α-氨基-ε-脒基己酸（英語：Indospicine），又称穗花木蓝氨酸，是一种非蛋白氨基酸，在槐蓝属植物中发现，在结构上与精氨酸相似。 其对哺乳动物有毒，可引起肝损害和流产。狗对其毒性非常敏感，在吃了曾摄入槐蓝属植物的食草动物后可能会导致生病或死亡。

Metoprolol is a propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an antihypertensive agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a geroprotector. It is a propanolamine, an aromatic ether, a secondary alcohol and a secondary amino compound.

阿折地平（INN：Azelnidipine；商品名：カルブロック（CalBlock））是一种二氢吡啶钙通道阻滞剂，属于L和T钙通道阻滞剂。该药由第一三共制药公司在日本销售。与尼卡地平不同，阿折地平起效缓慢，具有持久的降压作用，且几乎不会导致心率增加。印度药品管制总局（DCGI）已批准阿折地平在印度的使用。该药品于2020年以Azusa（ajanta pharma ltd.）品牌推出。

Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine. Oxazepam is used for the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and to control symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. It is a metabolite of diazepam, prazepam, and temazepam, and has moderate amnesic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties compared to other benzodiazepines. It was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964.

奥沙西泮（Oxazepam），別名去甲羟安定，商品名舒宁（Serax），是苯二氮卓类镇静催眠药，与同类药物相比半衰期较短，不经过肝脏代谢，与之类似的药物只有劳拉西泮，临床上一般用于抗焦虑，也用于治疗伴有肝病的酒戒断综合征。剂型为片剂，15 mg/片，用法：15 mg/次，每日两次。

Zindoxifene (INN; former developmental code names D-16726, NSC-341952) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that was under development in the 1980s and early 1990s for the treatment of breast cancer but was not marketed. It showed estrogenic-like activity in preclinical studies and failed to demonstrate effectiveness as a treatment for breast cancer in clinical trials. Zindoxifene was the lead compound of the distinct 2-phenylindole class of SERMs, and the marketed SERM bazedoxifene was derived from the major active metabolite of zindoxifene, D-15414. Zindoxifene was first described in 1984.

萬古黴素於1954年上市，在最基本的健康照護系統中最必要的藥物清單世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单登錄有案，是一種常見藥物 ，一劑靜脈注射的批發價約在1.70-6美元左右；因為在美國靜脈注射劑型相當昂貴 ，靜脈注射的投藥方式可能會被取代。萬古黴素目前由土壤細菌东方拟无枝酸菌培養得來。

Nonane is a straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.

丁二酸酐，别名琥珀酸酐，是琥珀酸自身脱水缩合形成的环状酸酐，分子式为C4H4O3。它与热水反应生成丁二酸，与氨反应生成琥珀酰亚胺，是有机合成重要的中间体，在医药工业上主要用于合成氯霉素琥珀酸酯钠、羟孕酮琥珀酸酯钠和氢化可的松琥珀酸酯钠等。

Octopamine is a member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. It has a role as a neurotransmitter. It is a member of phenylethanolamines and a member of tyramines. It is a conjugate base of an octopaminium.

氟红霉素是一种大环内酯类抗生素。它是的红霉素（一种同类抗生素）的氟代物，其抗菌能力与红霉素相当，但较交沙霉素为优。氟红霉素对抑制部分梭状芽孢杆菌和脆性拟杆菌较有效。其较大优点是对肝脏几乎没有损伤。

Artemisinin is a natural product found in Artemisia lancea, Artemisia annua, and other organisms with data available.

异柠檬酸（英語：Isocitric acid）是质子化了的异柠檬酸盐，在落地生根属（Bryophyllum）等多汁植物的叶、或悬钩子类中特别多，是三羧酸循环中的一个酶作用物。异柠檬酸是在乌头酸酶的酶促反应下由柠檬酸生成的，在异柠檬酸脱氢酶的作用下形成草酰琥珀酸。它的盐和酯被称为异柠檬酸盐。异柠檬酸是柠檬酸的结构异构体。由于柠檬酸和异柠檬酸是结构异构体，因此它们具有相似的物理和化学性质。由于这些相似的性质，异构体的分离很困难。

Agomelatine is a member of acetamides.

苯並噁唑是一种芳香有机化合物，分子式为C7H5NO，结构为与苯环并合的噁唑，气味类似于吡啶。虽然苯并噁唑本身的实用价值不大，但是许多衍生物有很大商业价值。 因为苯並噁唑是杂环化合物，它可以用作合成通常具有生物活性的更大结构的起始材料。它的芳香性使其相对稳定，虽然它是杂环，但它有一些反应位点可以进行官能化。

Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an α-amino acid, meaning it contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain isobutyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, and beans and other legumes. It is encoded by the codons UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG. Leucine is named after the Greek word for "white": λευκός (leukós, "white"), after its common appearance as a white powder, a property it shares with many other amino acids. Like valine and isoleucine, leucine is a branched-chain amino acid. The primary metabolic end products of leucine metabolism are acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate; consequently, it is one of the two exclusively ketogenic amino acids, with lysine being the other. It is the most important ketogenic amino acid in humans. Leucine and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid, a minor leucine metabolite, exhibit pharmacological activity in humans and have been demonstrated to promote protein biosynthesis via the phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR).

茵陈黄酮（英語：Arcapillin，也称为5,2',4'-三羟基-6,7,5'-三甲氧基黄酮，2′,4′,5-Trihydroxy-5′,6,7-trimethoxyflavone）是一种O-甲基化黄酮，分子式C18H16O8，存在于茵蔯蒿（Artemisia capillaris）等植物中，具有糖苷水解酶和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶的酶抑制剂活性。

Pentadecane is a straight-chain alkane with 15 carbon atoms. It is a component of volatile oils isolated from plants species like Scandix balansae. It has a role as an animal metabolite, a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component.

卡培他濱 （英語：capecitabine）以Xeloda（截瘤達）等商品名稱於市面銷售，是一種用於治療乳癌、胃癌和大腸癌的化療藥物。在治療乳癌時，通常會與紫杉醇（docetaxel）一起使用。透過口服方式給藥。

Scoparone is a member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antilipemic drug, an immunosuppressive agent, an antihypertensive agent and an anti-allergic agent. It is a member of coumarins and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an esculetin.

滨蒿内酯（英語：Scoparone）是一种天然的有机化合物，分子式C11H10O4，或称为6,7-二甲氧基香豆素，存在于中草药猪毛蒿（学名：Artemisia scoparia ）中，可能具有血管舒張、免疫抑制等药理学作用。

Calcium nitrate is inorganic nitrate salt of calcium. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is an inorganic nitrate salt and a calcium salt. It contains a calcium(2+).

甘氨酰甘氨酸是甘氨酸的二肽，化学式为C4H8N2O3。它最初于1901年由埃米尔·费歇尔和埃内斯特·富尔诺通过在盐酸中煮沸哌嗪-2,5-二酮制得。 它的毒性低，可用作生物体系的缓冲液，其pH位于2.5~3.8及7.5~8.9之间，但其溶解后仅具有一般的稳定性。

Sulfur trioxide (alternative spelling sulphur trioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO3. It has been described as "unquestionably the most [economically] important sulfur oxide". It is prepared on an industrial scale as a precursor to sulfuric acid. Sulfur trioxide exists in several forms: gaseous monomer, crystalline trimer, and solid polymer. Sulfur trioxide is a solid at just below room temperature with a relatively narrow liquid range. Gaseous SO3 is the primary precursor to acid rain.

三苔色酸（英語：Gyrophoric acid，也译为石耳酸）是一种有机化合物，分子式C24H20O10，属于三缩酚酸，存在于隐囊衣属、黄梅属等真菌以及疱脐衣属、石耳屬等地衣中。过去三苔色酸曾被视为是一种二缩酚酸，直到1925年确定其结构后才发现其分子由三个苔色酸（orsellinic acid）组成，且在地衣体内由二缩酚酸红粉苔酸转化得到，系一种三缩酚酸。

Homogentisic acid is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions. It has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and a member of hydroquinones. It is functionally related to a phenylacetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a homogentisate.

萘丁美酮（英語：Nabumetone）是一种有机化合物，分子式C15H16O2，属于非甾体抗炎药（NSAID），1991年由Beecham开发。

Pirbuterol (trade name Maxair) is a short-acting β2 adrenoreceptor agonist with bronchodilating action used in the treatment of asthma, available (as pirbuterol acetate) as a breath-activated metered-dose inhaler. It was patented in 1971 and came into medical use in 1983.

吡布特罗（INN：pirbuterol；商品名：Maxair）是一种短效β2肾上腺素受体激动药，具有支气管扩张作用，用于治疗哮喘，可（以醋酸吡布特罗形式）作为呼吸激活的定量吸入器。 它于1971年获得专利，并于1983年进入医疗用途。

Lithocholic acid is a natural product found in Homo sapiens with data available.

鄰乙氧苯甲酰胺（ethenzamide、2-ethoxybenzamide、乙水楊胺、乙柳酰胺、乙氧基苯醯胺）是一種常用的止痛與抗炎性藥物，用於緩解發燒、頭痛及其他輕微的疼痛。它也是許多普通感冒藥、以及許多處方鎮痛藥的成分。

Epitestosterone is a natural product found in Vitex agnus-castus with data available.

1-甲基萘是一种芳香烃，化学式C11H10。由于相对不易燃，其十六烷值被定为零，用于配制一定十六烷值的燃料，对比测定其它燃料的易燃性。但由于1-甲基萘不经济且处理困难，常用十六烷值为15的异十六烷（2,2,4,4,6,8,8-七甲基壬烷）代替。

Pyrimethamine is an aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine which is substituted at position 5 by a p-chlorophenyl group and at position 6 by an ethyl group. It is a folic acid antagonist used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis. It has a role as an antimalarial, an EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor and an antiprotozoal drug. It is an aminopyrimidine and a member of monochlorobenzenes.

一氟三氯甲烷，又称氟利昂-11，分子式CFCl3。

Tetracosane is a straight-chain alkane containing 24 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component.

佳乐麝香 （商品名称；又名Galaxolide,Abbalide, Pearlide, Astrolide,麝香50，Polarlide；常见化学名称1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-4,6,6,7,8,8,-六甲基-环戊并[g]苯并吡喃或HHCB）是一种用于芳香剂的合成原料，有干净甜美的花香型木质麝香气味。它是香水和古龙水制造商用来在产品中添加麝香气味的成份之一。佳乐麝香首次合成于1965年，并于1960年代后期用于一些织物柔软剂和清洁剂。 高浓度的佳乐麝香也常用在高级香水中。

Aconitine is an alkaloid toxin produced by various plant species belonging to the genus Aconitum (family Ranunculaceae), commonly known by the names wolfsbane and monkshood. Aconitine is notorious for its toxic properties.

二硫化钼是一种由钼和硫两种元素组成的化合物，化学式为MoS2。这种化合物属于过渡金属二硫族化合物，它有银黑色光泽，在自然界中以辉钼矿的形式存在，辉钼矿是最常见的含钼元素矿石。二硫化钼晶体通常情况下以粉末形式存在，它不溶于稀酸也不易被氧化。从外表上来看，二硫化钼和石墨很像，以其低摩擦系数和高坚固性常被用作固体润滑剂。块状二硫化钼固体是一种和硅类似的抗磁性间接带隙半导体，能带间隙为1.23eV。结晶粉末。

Carbamate is an amino-acid anion. It is a conjugate base of a carbamic acid.

氨基甲酸酯（carbamate）是一类具有 -NH(CO)O- 官能团的有机化合物的统称，它们是氨基甲酸（NH2COOH）的酯类，即氨基或胺基直接与甲酸酯的羰基相连的有机物。可由氯代甲酸酯与氨或胺反应制得，也可由氨基甲酰氯与醇或酚反应制得。

Mifepristone is a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid, an acetylenic compound and a tertiary amino compound. It has a role as a contraceptive drug, a synthetic oral contraceptive, a hormone antagonist and an abortifacient. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.

1,3-二苯基-1,3-丙二酮（英語：1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione，常用名：二苯甲酰甲烷，英語：dibenzoylmethane，缩写DBM) 是一种芳香基间二酮，是乙酰丙酮（acac）的甲基上的氢被苯基取代的衍生物。

Bibenzyl is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5CH2)2. It can be viewed as a derivative of ethane in which one phenyl group is bonded to each carbon atom. It is a colorless solid.

五氯酚（Pentachlorophenol；縮寫PCP），是一种氯代的酚类化合物，可用作殺蟲劑及消毒劑。 五氯酚最初於1930年代開始生產，並以多個商品名稱發售。有兩種形式：作為PCP的鈉鹽或水劑。

Oxiracetam is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.

环戊二烯（英語：cyclopentadiene），有时会称为茂化氢（CpH），是五个碳的环状二烯烃，分子式为C5H6。环戊二烯室温下为无色液体，具有强烈的刺激性气味。在室温时会发生狄尔斯-阿尔德反应，迅速聚合生成二聚环戊二烯，二聚体加热又可分解为环戊二烯。环戊二烯不溶于水，易溶于乙醚、苯等溶剂。 环戊二烯基可以简写为Cp。

Chrysene is an ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

三氧化二氮，一种酸性氧化物，是亚硝酸的酸酐，可溶于苯、乙醚、氯仿、四氯化碳、酸碱。 它是一种深蓝色固体或液体，不稳定，常温下在加压时常因部分分解而变为绿色，常温常压下则几乎完全分解为一氧化氮和二氧化氮。

Heptadecane is a straight-chain alkane with 17 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oils from plants like Opuntia littoralis and Annona squamosa. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a volatile oil component.

19-去甲孕酮（英語：19-Norprogesterone）也叫做19-去甲孕甾-4-烯-3,20-二酮（英語：19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione）是性激素孕酮的结构类似物，只少了19号C原子的甲基。19-去甲孕酮首次合成于1944年，但1944年的产物带有多种立体异构物。

Limonin is a natural product found in Raulinoa echinata, Citrus tankan, and other organisms with data available.

阿扎胞苷（INN：Azacitidine），有时也称为5-阿扎胞苷（5-Azacitidine），商品名维达莎或委丹扎（Vidaza），是一种胞苷（组成DNA与RNA的核苷之一）类似物，由捷克斯洛伐克学者弗朗蒂斯克·索姆（František Šorm）于20世纪60年代首先合成用于肿瘤化疗，目前主要用于治疗骨髓增生异常综合征。阿扎胞苷目前也是一种在生物医学研究中常用的DNA甲基化抑制剂。

Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It has a role as a protic solvent. It is a primary alcohol and a member of oxolanes.

槟榔次碱是一种生物碱，存在于槟榔的果实中。它是一种竞争性GABA摄取抑制剂。有研究称，青柠能够将槟榔碱水解成槟榔次碱。

Arsenous acid is an arsenic oxoacid consisting of three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. It is a conjugate acid of an arsenite(1-).

亚砷酸是一种无机化合物，化学式为H3AsO3。它可由三氧化二砷溶于水制得，只能存在于水溶液中，还没有分离出纯酸，但这并不影响它的结构为As(OH)3。

Tacrine is a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and indirect cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic). It was the first centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitor approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and was marketed under the trade name Cognex. Tacrine was first synthesised by Adrien Albert at the University of Sydney in 1949. It also acts as a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor.

硫辛酰胺（英語：Lipoamide）是6,8-二硫基辛酰胺（6,8-dithiooctanoic amide）的俗名。它是6,8-二硫基辛酸的羧基与胺结合形成的酰胺。有时候“硫辛酰胺”一词会用来指代硫辛酸和蛋白质的氨基结合的产物，但这会带来混淆。因此这种结合最好用“硫辛基化蛋白”（Lipoyl-protein）或“硫辛基结构域”（Lipoyl-domain）来表示。

Sulpiride is a member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. It has a role as an antidepressant, an antiemetic, an antipsychotic agent and a dopaminergic antagonist. It is a N-alkylpyrrolidine, a sulfonamide and a member of benzamides.

罂粟碱（英語：papaverine）音译帕帕非林，是一种阿片生物碱解痉药，最早是由罂粟中分离而得，属于一种苄基四氢异喹啉类生物碱。 罂粟碱主要用于治疗内脏痉挛、血管痉挛（特别是涉及到心脏与大脑的血管平滑肌痉挛）并间或用于勃起功能障碍。尽管它存在于罂粟之中，罂粟碱在结构与药理学作用上都与镇痛（吗啡相关）阿片生物碱（阿片類藥物）有区别。

Kalafungin is a substance discovered in the 1960s and found to act as a broad-spectrum antibiotic in vitro. It was isolated from a strain of the bacterium Streptomyces tanashiensis. It is not known to be marketed anywhere in the world.

金胺O可用於抗酸細菌（例如Mycobacterium）, 其方法類似抗酸染色法。 也被當做希夫試劑的螢光版來使用。 在金胺-若丹明染色法中與若丹明B一起用來給結核桿菌染色。 同時也可用作防腐劑。

Quisqualic acid is a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid.

邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（Diisobutyl phthalate，DIBP）可由异丁醇和邻苯二甲酸酐进行酯化反应来制备。结构式为C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2。折射率为1.488－1.492（20 ℃，D）。 DIBP是无味增塑剂，有极好的热和光稳定性，是用於硝化纤维的最廉价的增塑剂。DIBP的密度和冰点都比DBP（邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，CAS No.：84-74-2）低。具有与DBP相似的特性，可作为其替代品。

Bacampicillin is a penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin. It has a role as a prodrug. It is functionally related to an ampicillin.

出生1-14 天：新生兒的雌酮水平在出生時非常高，但會在幾天內降至青春期前水平。 #青春期開始（從坦納 I 期過渡到坦納 II 期）發生在男孩的中位年齡為 11.5 (± 2) 歲。對於男孩來說，青春期開始與體重或種族之間沒有明確的關係。通過 Tanner 階段的進展是可變的。Tanner V 期（成人）應在 18 歲時達到。 #青春期開始（從坦納 I 期過渡到坦納 II 期）發生在中位年齡為 10.5 (± 2) 歲的女孩中。有證據表明，肥胖女孩和非裔美國女孩可能會提前 1 年。通過 Tanner 階段的進展是可變的。Tanner V 期（成人）應在 18 歲時達到。 男性：10-60 pg/mL 絕經前：17-200 pg/mL 絕經後：7-40 pg/mL E1：pg/mL x 3.704270） （參考網址： https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/81418 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） ）

Orellanine is a member of bipyridines.

异丁烷（IUPAC命名2-甲基丙烷，又称甲基丙烷）是一种烷烃，与（正）丁烷互为同分异构体。 由于近年来人们对氟利昂引起的臭氧层破坏问题的关注，异丁烷作为氟利昂的替代品，使用逐渐增加。异丁烷可用作家用冰箱和冰柜中的制冷剂，也可用作喷雾器中的压缩气体。异丁烷作为制冷剂时的编号是R600a。 IUPAC在1993年推荐使用傳統的「异丁烷」名称，但在2013年時改為2-甲基丙烷。因為2號碳是丙烷中唯一能接上甲基而不改變主鏈的碳，所以也常省略「2-」而改稱為甲基丙烷。

Swainsonine is an indolizidine alkaloid. It is a potent inhibitor of Golgi alpha-mannosidase II, an immunomodulator, and a potential chemotherapy drug. As a toxin in locoweed (likely its primary toxin) it also is a significant cause of economic losses in livestock industries, particularly in North America. It was first isolated from Swainsona canescens.

苦马豆素，即(1S,2R,8R,8aR)-八氢吲嗪-1,2,8-三醇，是一种有机化合物，化学式为C8H15NO3。它可由2,3-O-亚异丙基-D-赤酮酸内酯为原料，经多步反应得到，产率为23%。

Avizafone is a peptide.

阿维扎封（英语：Avizafone或Pro-Diazepam）是苯二氮䓬衍生物地西泮的水溶性前药。它可以用于肌肉内给药。 阿维扎封被血液中的酶代谢形成活性药物地西泮。主要用作有机磷类神经毒剂中毒的解毒剂。

Phenylethylmalonamide is an amine.

嗪草酮（英语：Metribuzin） 学名：4-氨基-6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)- 3-(甲硫基)-1,2,4-三嗪-5-(4氢)-酮，化学式：C8H14N4OS。为内吸选择性三氮苯酮类除草剂，1971年由联邦德国拜耳公司开发。其通过破坏植物的光合作用来达到除草效果，适用于大豆、马铃薯、甘蔗、咖啡等作物播种前和出苗前防治一年生阔叶杂草及禾本科杂草，对多年生草基本无效，同时也能防治水藻。

Benzyl acetate is an organic ester with the molecular formula CH3C(O)OCH2C6H5. It is formed by the condensation of benzyl alcohol and acetic acid. Similar to most other esters, it possesses a sweet and pleasant aroma, owing to which, it finds applications in personal hygiene and health care products. It is a constituent of jasmin and of the essential oils of ylang-ylang and neroli. It has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine. Further as a flavoring agent it is also used to impart jasmine or apple flavors to various cosmetics and personal care products like lotions, hair creams etc.. It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees. It is collected and used by the bees as an intra-specific pheromone; In apiculture benzyl acetate is used as a bait to collect bees. Natural sources of benzyl acetate include varieties of flowers like jasmine (Jasminum), and fruits like pear, apple, etc.

美沙酮（拉丁語：Methadone，或翻譯為美沙冬）商用名包括多羅芬（拉丁語：Dolophine），是一種鴉片類藥物。適用於緩解疼痛以及維持治療，或用於幫助戒毒人士擺脫鴉片依賴 。戒毒治療可在不到一個月的時間內迅速完成，亦可在不到六個月的時間內逐漸完成。 美沙酮單次劑量使用後作用迅速，但需持續使用五天才可達至最大效果。 單次劑量使用後藥效可持續約六小時，長期使用時單次劑量使用效果可持續一天半左右。 美沙酮一般可通過口服、肌肉注射或靜脈注射使用。 美沙酮的副作用和其他類鴉片麻醉藥相似， 常見的包括有暈眩、嗜睡、嘔吐與盜汗。 較嚴重的副作用則像是濫用及呼吸困難。 其他如心律不整包括長QT症等症狀都有可能發生 。根據2011年美國國內統計，由於麻醉藥使用過量而造成的死亡人數中，有26%（大約是4,418人）死於美沙酮中毒，使用劑量越高則有越高的機率會有副作用產生的風險 。美沙酮是經由化學合成且其機轉是藉著結合類鴉片受體以達到止痛效用。 美沙酮大約在1937年至1939年間由古斯塔夫·愛哈特和麥克斯·勃克穆爾兩人在德國合成並問世 ，於1947年被美國認可且在國內使用 。美沙酮是世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單內的藥物，同時更為基礎醫療系統內的重要必須藥品 。2013年，全球共生產美沙酮約41,400公斤，它的使用規範和一般麻醉藥物相同 。在美國當地，美沙酮並不是十分昂貴的藥品。

Phenacemide (INN, BAN) (brand name Phenurone), also known as phenylacetylurea, is an anticonvulsant of the ureide (acetylurea) class. It is a congener and ring-opened analogue of phenytoin (a hydantoin), and is structurally related to the barbiturates and to other hydantoins. Phenacemide was introduced in 1949 for the treatment of epilepsy, but was eventually withdrawn due to toxicity.

苯乙酰脲（英語：Phenacemide），分子式C9H10N2O2，是一种酰基脲类抗惊厥药。

Depsidone is the simplest member of the class of depsidones comprising of a heterotricyclic system that is 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine substituted by an oxo group at position 11. It is a member of depsidones and an organic heterotricyclic compound.

异喹胍（英語：Debrisoquine）是一种含氮有机化合物，化学式为C10H13N3，是四氢异喹啉的胍基衍生物，可作为抗高血压药，在体内由CYP2D6代谢。

Soman is a phosphonic ester.

1-萘胺（英語：1-Naphthylamine）是一种芳香胺。 白色针状结晶，具有难闻的气味；微溶于水，易溶于乙醇、乙醚。

Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is generally recommended for use in combination with other antiretrovirals. It may be used to prevent mother-to-child spread during birth or after a needlestick injury or other potential exposure. It is sold both by itself and together as lamivudine/zidovudine and abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine. It can be used by mouth or by slow injection into a vein. Common side effects include headaches, fever, and nausea. Serious side effects include liver problems, muscle damage, and high blood lactate levels. It is commonly used in pregnancy and appears to be safe for the fetus. ZDV is of the nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class. It works by inhibiting the enzyme reverse transcriptase that HIV uses to make DNA and therefore decreases replication of the virus. Zidovudine was first described in 1964. It was resynthesized from a public-domain formula by Burroughs Wellcome. It was approved in the United States in 1987 and was the first treatment for HIV. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication.

榄香素（又称榄香脂素）是一种苯丙烯，是多种植物精油的组分之一。

Disulfuric acid is a sulfur oxoacid.

三氮烯（英語：Triazene），是一种不饱和无机化合物，化学式为N3H3。其结构中含有一个双键，是继二氮烯之后的第二种简单氮烯。

Mescaline is a phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups. It has a role as a hallucinogen. It is a phenethylamine alkaloid, a member of methoxybenzenes and a primary amino compound.

奧昔布寧（Oxybutynin），商品名Ditropan、Lyrinel XL、Lenditro (ZA)、Driptane (RU)、Uripan (Middle East)，為一種抗膽鹼劑，可以緩解膀胱排尿困難，包含頻尿及尿失禁等症狀，可以降低膀胱肌肉痙攣。本品也可用於幫助緩解與腎結石相關的症狀。

Taurine (), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Taurine is named after Latin taurus (cognate to Ancient Greek ταῦρος, taûros) meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin. It was discovered in human bile in 1846 by Edmund Ronalds. Although taurine is abundant in human organs with diverse putative roles, it is not an essential human dietary nutrient and is not included among nutrients with a recommended intake level. Taurine is synthesized naturally in the human liver from methionine and cysteine. Taurine is commonly sold as a dietary supplement, but there is no good clinical evidence that taurine supplements provide any benefit to human health. Taurine is used as a food additive for cats (who require it as an essential nutrient), dogs, and poultry. Taurine concentrations in land plants are low or undetectable, but up to 1000 nmol/g wet weight have been found in algae.

1946 年，普來馬奎寧問世；名列世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單，認可為醫療系統中最安全有效的藥品，市面上可取得其學名藥。在發展中國家的批發價為單日 0.04 美元到 0.11 美元，在美國，整套療程的藥費為 50 美元到 100 美元。

Isophorone is a cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It has a role as a solvent and a plant metabolite. It is a cyclic ketone and an enone.

甲酰胺是甲酸衍生出的酰胺，分子式为HCONH2。它是无色液体，与水混溶，有与氨类似的气味。主要用于生产磺胺类药物，合成维生素及用作纸张和纤维的软化剂。纯的甲酰胺可以溶解许多不溶于水的离子化合物，因此也被用作溶剂。