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Perfluorodecalin is a fluorocarbon that is decalin in which every hydrogen is replaced by fluorine. Capable of dissolving large quantities of oxygen, it has been used as the basis of an artificial blood substitute. It has a role as a blood substitute and a solvent. It derives from a hydride of a decalin.

2-苯基苯酚（英語：2-Phenylphenol，或称为邻苯基苯酚英語：o-phenylphenol）是结构式为C6H5C6H4(OH)的联苯衍生物，常温下为白色固体，用作防腐剂和殺生物劑，E编码为E231。

Diisodecyl phthalate is a phthalate ester and a diester.

胍法辛（英語：Guanfacine）以Tenex（速釋劑型（immediate-release dosage）和Intuniv（緩釋劑型）等品牌銷售，是一種口服α-2A腎上腺素受體激動劑，用於治療注意力不足過動症(ADHD) 和高血壓。胍法辛經美國食品藥物管理局（FDA）批准用於ADHD的單一療法，也可用於增強其他藥品（例如興奮劑）的輔助之用。胍法辛也被作仿單標示外使用，用於治療抽動障礙、焦慮症和創傷後壓力症候群 (PTSD)。

Amiodarone is a member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. It has a role as a cardiovascular drug. It is a member of 1-benzofurans, an organoiodine compound, an aromatic ketone and a tertiary amino compound.

泊咯沙姆是一种由中部疏水的聚氧丙烯(多(丙烯氧化物)) 链侧面连接两段亲水聚氧乙烯(多(氧化乙烯))构成的非离子式三嵌段共聚物。该名称（Poloxamer）由发明者Irving Schmolka创造，他在1973年获得专利。泊咯沙姆又以其商标普朗尼克(Pluronics)为人们所熟知。 由于聚合物的长度具有可制订性，各种泊咯沙姆的性质稍有不同。通常这种共聚物使用字母“P“（poloxamer）附带三位数字作为其通用名称，前两位数 x 100 为中心聚氧丙烯的近似分子质量，最后一位数 x 10 为聚氧乙烯所占的百分比（例如P407表示分子质量为4000g/mol的聚氧丙烯带有70%聚氧乙烯构成的泊咯沙姆）。对于其商业名称普朗尼克，其识别码为一个表示其室温下物理形态的字母（L：液体，P：糊状，F：片状（固体））后缀两位或者三位数字，第一位数（及三位数字情况下的前两位数）乘以300表示疏水物的近似分子质量，后一位 x 10 为聚氧乙烯所占的百分比（例如L61表示分子质量为1800g/mol的聚氧丙烯带有10%的聚氧乙烯构成的普朗尼克）。在给出的例子中，泊咯沙姆181（P181）即普朗尼克L61。

Galactomannan is a heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.

异葎草酮（英语：Isohumulone）是一种啤酒的苦味来源的化合物，化学式：C21H30O5，属异α-酸类，在啤酒花中发现。

Acridine is a polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It has a role as a genotoxin. It is a mancude organic heterotricyclic parent, a polycyclic heteroarene and a member of acridines.

乙硫醇（分子式：CH3CH2SH），常见硫醇之一，结构上由乙醇中的氧原子被硫替代得到。无色透明易挥发的高毒油状液体，微溶于水，易溶于碱液和有机溶剂中，以具有强烈、持久且具刺激性的蒜臭味而闻名。它是2000年版吉尼斯世界纪录中收录的最臭的物质。空气中仅含五百亿分之一的乙硫醇时（0.00019mg/L），其臭味就可嗅到。

Anthrapurpurin is a trihydroxyanthraquinone.

红景天苷（英語：Salidroside或 rhodioloside）是一种由酪醇和葡萄糖形成的葡萄糖苷，存在于红景天（学名：Rhodiola rosea）等植物中。

Glutaric acid is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH)2. Although the related "linear" dicarboxylic acids adipic and succinic acids are water-soluble only to a few percent at room temperature, the water-solubility of glutaric acid is over 50% (w/w).

氫氧化銣（RbOH），一種強碱，較氫氧化鉀的鹼性強。它由銣離子和氫氧根離子按1：1的物质的量之比构成。 氫氧化銣具強腐蝕性，因此使用時應穿著適當的防護服、手套和安全眼鏡。

Physostigmine is a carbamate ester and an indole alkaloid. It has a role as a miotic, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor and an antidote to curare poisoning.

甲硫醇又被称为巯基甲烷、硫氫甲烷，分子式：CH3-SH，分子量：48.為無色氣體，有爛白菜氣味，因此常被加進煤氣中。它是一個具有獨特腐臭氣味。它在人類的血液和腦中發現的天然物質，以及其他動物以及植物組織中。它是通過動物的糞便排棄。它天然存在於某些食品，如一些堅果和奶酪。它也是口臭和屁的氣味的主要化合物之一。它是易燃的。 甲硫醇主要用於生產甲硫氨酸，其被用在家禽和動物飼料膳食的成分。甲硫醇也用於在塑料工業中用作的和作為生產殺蟲劑中的前體。甲硫醇也用於在採礦作業時的通信。 釋放物質進入通風系統以提醒礦工有緊急 。因為天然氣和丙烷是無色無味的，少量甲基硫醇或乙基硫醇的加入，可以很容易地檢測到氣體洩漏。 最近一項日本研究顯示，在大腸癌患者的消化道內產生的氣體中，甲硫醇含量較一般人高。

Amikacin is an amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, an antibacterial drug and a nephrotoxin. It is an alpha-D-glucoside, an aminoglycoside, a carboxamide and an amino cyclitol glycoside. It is functionally related to a kanamycin A. It is a conjugate base of an amikacin(4+).

野黑樱苷（英語：Prunasin）是一种扁桃腈与葡萄糖形成的糖苷，分子式C14H17NO6，发现于郁李（Prunus japonica）、黑樱桃（Prunus japonica）等植物中。

Arcapillin is a trihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2', 4' and 5 and methoxy groups at positions 5', 6 and 7 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor and an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor. It is a trimethoxyflavone and a trihydroxyflavone. It is functionally related to a flavone.

3-戊醇（英語：3-Pentanol），IUPAC系统名戊-3-醇（Pentan-3-ol），是一种仲戊醇，由于没有手性碳原子，不存在对映异构。

Acetylacetone is a beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups. It is a conjugate acid of an acetylacetonate.

苹婆酸（英語：Sterculic acid）是一种有机化合物，化学式C19H34O2，带有环丙烯基团，存在于蘋婆屬植物特别是香苹婆（学名：Sterculia foetida）的种子中。

Lipoic acid (LA), also known as α-lipoic acid, alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and thioctic acid, is an organosulfur compound derived from caprylic acid (octanoic acid). ALA, which is made in animals normally, is essential for aerobic metabolism. It is also available as a dietary supplement or pharmaceutical drug in some countries. Lipoate is the conjugate base of lipoic acid, and the most prevalent form of LA under physiological conditions. Only the (R)-(+)-enantiomer (RLA) exists in nature. RLA is an essential cofactor of many processes.

乙胺是两个碳的胺类。无色气体，具类似氨的强烈气味，几乎与所有溶剂混溶，具胺特征性的弱碱性。在化工和有机合成有广泛应用。

Ropinirole is a member of indolones and a tertiary amine. It has a role as a dopamine agonist, an antiparkinson drug, a central nervous system drug and an antidyskinesia agent.

四甲基锡是一种有机金属化合物 ，化学式 (CH3)4Sn。这种液体是最简单的有机锡化合物之一，它对于过渡金属介导的酰氯到甲基酮的转化以及芳香卤化烃到芳香甲基酮的转化是有用的。它具有挥发性，且有毒，因此在实验室中使用时应小心。

Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO2. It is a weak acid. Chlorine has oxidation state +3 in this acid. The pure substance is unstable, disproportionating to hypochlorous acid (Cl oxidation state +1) and chloric acid (Cl oxidation state +5): 2 HClO2 → HClO + HClO3 Although the acid is difficult to obtain in pure substance, the conjugate base, chlorite, derived from this acid is stable. One example of a salt of this anion is the well-known sodium chlorite. This and related salts are sometimes used in the production of chlorine dioxide.

斑点酸（英語：Stictic acid 或 pilosellic acid，研发代号：LSM-4387）是一种有机化合物，化学式C19H14O9，属于一种缩酚酸环醚，是地衣的次级代谢产物。

Fluoromethane is a member of the class of fluoromethanes that is methane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a fluorine atom. It has a role as a refrigerant. It is a member of fluoromethanes, a fluorohydrocarbon and a member of methyl halides.

扁桃腈是一种有机化合物，为扁桃酸对应的腈或苯甲醛的腈醇衍生物，化学式为C8H7NO，它可由苯甲醛、亚硫酸钠和氰化钠之间的反应制得。 它受热分解出剧毒的氰化氢气体。

1-Hexanol (IUPAC name hexan-1-ol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol. Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, exist, both of which differing by the location of the hydroxyl group. Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH. It is used in the perfume industry.

1-己醇（英語：1-hexanol）也称为正己醇，是一種醇類有機化合物，也是一種六碳醇，其化學式為C6H13OH，其示性式為CH3(CH2)5OH。 1-己醇是無色液體，微溶於水，可以溶於乙醚和乙醇。 1-己醇有2個直鏈的同分異構體存在（2-己醇、3-己醇），這兩者的差別在于羥基位置的不同。己醇的同分異構物皆可用化學式C6H13OH來表示。 1-己醇可以用在香水工業。

Lycorine is a toxic crystalline alkaloid found in various Amaryllidaceae species, such as the cultivated bush lily (Clivia miniata), surprise lilies (Lycoris), and daffodils (Narcissus). It may be highly poisonous, or even lethal, when ingested in certain quantities. Regardless, it is sometimes used medicinally, a reason why some groups may harvest the very popular Clivia miniata.

草脫淨（亞脫淨，英語：Atrazine，ATR）是一種三嗪類除草劑，在多國廣泛使用。屬於持久性有機污染物，因污染問題已經被歐盟禁止使用。中国大陆地区使用“莠去津”作为产品名称。

Skimmianine is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an organic heterotricyclic compound, an oxacycle and an alkaloid antibiotic.

水黄皮素（英語：Karanjin，也译为水黄皮次素和干华豆晶）是一种有机化合物，分子式C18H12O4，属于黄酮类化合物中的呋喃类黄酮，主要存在于一些诸如水黄皮（Pongamia pinnata）等水黄皮属（Pongamia）植物中。在干花豆（Fordia cauliflora Hemsl）、 疏叶崖豆(Millettia pulchra var. laxior，中药名玉郎伞）等植物中亦发现了此物质，是中药水黄皮和玉郎伞的指标性成分。

Meconic acid is a natural product found in Papaver somniferum with data available.

美沙唑仑（英语：Mexazolam），以商品名Melex和Sedoxil销售，是一种苯二氮䓬衍生物药物。美沙唑仑已针对焦虑进行了试验，并在一周的随访中发现可有效缓解焦虑。美沙唑仑通过CYP3A4途径代谢。HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂包括辛伐他汀、辛伐他汀酸、洛伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀和西立伐他汀抑制美沙唑仑的代谢，但普伐他汀无法抑制。其主要活性代谢物是地洛西泮（商品名Dadumir）和劳拉西泮（商品名Ativan）。

Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a cyanamide. It is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+).

咔唑（分子式 C12H9N）是一个多环含氮杂环有机物，其结构式类似芴，将芴的一个碳原子替换为氮，因此又稱氮芴。咔唑为无色晶体，源自煤焦油，也可人工合成。它是極弱的鹼，可溶於丙酮、苯或醇，難溶於水，是合成染料(如硫化还原蓝RX)、塑料(如聚N-乙烯咔唑)等的原料。

Gemcitabine, sold under the brand name Gemzar, among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancers. It is used to treat testicular cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. It is administered by intravenous infusion. It acts against neoplastic growth, and it inhibits the replication of Orthohepevirus A, the causative agent of Hepatitis E, through upregulation of interferon signaling. Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney problems, nausea, fever, rash, shortness of breath, mouth sores, diarrhea, neuropathy, and hair loss. Use during pregnancy will likely result in fetal harm. Gemcitabine is in the nucleoside analog family of medication. It works by blocking the creation of new DNA, which results in cell death. Gemcitabine was patented in 1983 and was approved for medical use in 1995. Generic versions were introduced in Europe in 2009 and in the US in 2010. It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.

六氟化硒，化學式為SeF6，是一種無色氣體，有令人厭惡的氣味，有毒，這種化合物並沒有商業用途。

Fosfomycin, sold under the brand name Monurol among others, is an antibiotic primarily used to treat lower urinary tract infections. It is not indicated for kidney infections. Occasionally it is used for prostate infections. It is generally taken by mouth. Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, headache, and vaginal yeast infections. Severe side effects may include anaphylaxis and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. While use during pregnancy has not been found to be harmful, such use is not recommended. A single dose when breastfeeding appears safe. Fosfomycin works by interfering with the production of the bacterial cell wall. Fosfomycin was discovered in 1969 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1996 It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies fosfomycin as critically important for human medicine. It is available as a generic medication. It was originally produced by certain types of Streptomyces, although it is now made chemically.

L-前酪氨酸（英語：L-Arogenic acid，共轭碱为：Arogenate）是一种含氮化合物，分子式C10H13NO5，属于α-氨基酸，在生理pH下，以共轭碱的形式存在，是部分植物与细菌苯丙氨酸与酪氨酸生物合成的中间体。

Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. It is not indicated for weight loss. Levothyroxine is taken orally (by mouth) or given by intravenous injection. Levothyroxine has a half-life of 7.5 days when taken daily, so about six weeks is required for it to reach a steady level in the blood. Side effects from excessive doses include weight loss, trouble tolerating heat, sweating, anxiety, trouble sleeping, tremor, and fast heart rate. Use is not recommended in people who have had a recent heart attack. Use during pregnancy has been found to be safe. Dosing should be based on regular measurements of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4 levels in the blood. Much of the effect of levothyroxine is following its conversion to triiodothyronine (T3). Levothyroxine was first made in 1927. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Levothyroxine is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the fourth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 82 million prescriptions.

妥拉唑啉是非选择性竞争性α受体拮抗剂。它是治疗周边血管痉挛（如手足发绀）的血管扩张剂，也能与硝普钠配合解除25I-NBOMe、布苯丙胺、Bromodragonfly等5-HT2A受体激动剂过量造成的严重血管收缩，避免坏疽。不过，它最常用作消除甲苯噻嗪镇静作用的兽药。

Acetophenone is a methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. It has a role as a photosensitizing agent, an animal metabolite and a xenobiotic.

白芷素（Angelicin）是呋喃香豆素的一种，分子式C11H6O3，存在于欧白芷根部提取物精油中。由德国药学家布克纳于1842年发现。 。

Carnitine is an amino-acid betaine that is butanoate substituted with a hydroxy group at position C-3 and a trimethylammonium group at C-4. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a butyrate. It is a conjugate base of a carnitinium.

其结构中酯基、氰基、偏二苯乙烯基构成的大共轭体系可以吸收A波段长波紫外线（UVA，波长280 - 320 nm），以此来到达防紫外线的效果，其烷基部分则提供油溶性和增稠性。

Oxazolam is an organic molecular entity and a hemiaminal ether.

正缬氨酸（英語：Norvaline，2-氨基戊酸）分子式为C5H11NO2，是缬氨酸的同分异构体。这种氨基酸常常通过合成的方法被合成出来。

Abietic acid is an abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is an abietane diterpenoid and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an abietate.

二氢硫辛酸（英語：Dihydrolipoic acid）是一种由硫辛酸加氢还原而成的有机化合物，是带有两个巯基的羧酸。该物质存在两种对映异构体，但只有其中的R-型对映体具有生物学活性。硫辛酸/二氢硫辛酸之间的转化存在于许多生物化学过程中。

Bulbocapnine is an aporphine alkaloid that has been isolated from Corydalis and exhibits inhibitory activity against enzymes such as tyrosine 3-monooxygenase and diamine oxidase. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an EC 1.4.3.22 (diamine oxidase) inhibitor and an EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor. It is a member of phenols, an oxacycle, an aromatic ether and an aporphine alkaloid. It is functionally related to an aporphine. It is a conjugate base of a bulbocapnine(1+).

空褐麟碱（英语：Bulbocapnine）是一种生物碱，存在于紫堇属（特别是Corydalis cava）和荷包牡丹属，这些植物曾引起（特别是Corydalis caseana）羊和牛的致命中毒。它已被证明可作为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，并通过抑制酪氨酸羟化酶来抑制多巴胺的生物合成。与阿扑吗啡一样，它是β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）纤维形成的抑制剂，而Aβ纤维的存在是阿尔茨海默病的一个标志。因此，根据淀粉样蛋白假说，空褐麟碱是一种潜在的治疗方法。根据《多兰兹医学词典》（Dorlands Medical Dictionary），它“抑制横纹肌的反射和运动活动。它已用于治疗肌肉震颤和前庭眼球震颤”。

Clarithromycin is the 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. It has a role as an antibacterial drug, a protein synthesis inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic.

间苯二酚，也称雷琐酚、雷琐辛（英語：resorcin），化学式為C6H4(OH)2，是苯间位两个氢被羟基取代后形成的化合物。

Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure. It can be taken intravenously or orally. When given intravenously, furosemide typically takes effect within five minutes; when taken orally, it typically metabolizes within an hour. Common side effects include orthostatic hypotension (decrease in blood pressure while standing, and associated lightheadedness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and photosensitivity (sensitivity to light). Potentially serious side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, low blood pressure, and hearing loss. It is recommended that serum electrolytes (especially potassium), serum CO2, creatinine, BUN levels, and liver and kidney functioning be monitored in patients taking furosemide. It is also recommended to be alert for the occurrence of any potential blood dyscrasias. Furosemide is a type of loop diuretic that works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. Common side effects of furosemide injection include hypokalemia (low potassium level), hypotension (low blood pressure), and dizziness. Furosemide was patented in 1959 and approved for medical use in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In the United States, it is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 24th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 23 million prescriptions. In 2020/21 it was the twentieth most prescribed medication in England. It is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs. It has also been used in race horses for the treatment and prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

班布特罗（INN：bambuterol）是一种长效β肾上腺素受体激动剂（LABA），用于治疗哮喘；它也是特布他林的前药。阿斯利康制药公司以商品名Bambec和Oxeol生产和销售班布特罗。

Benzylamine is a primary amine compound having benzyl as the N-substituent. It has been isolated from Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree). It has a role as an EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite and an allergen. It is a primary amine and an aralkylamine. It is a conjugate base of a benzylaminium.

菲啶（Phenanthridine）是一种含氮杂环化合物，化学式C13H9N。菲啶是嵌入DNA并与之结合的荧光染料的骨架，使得核酸电泳后的胶片可以辨识核酸的相对位置，例如核酸染料溴化乙锭和碘化丙锭。吖啶是菲啶的同分异构体。

Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion, to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure (given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure), and to relieve hemorrhoids (as a suppository). It can be taken by mouth, as a nasal spray, given by injection into a vein or muscle, applied to the skin, or as a rectal suppository. Common side effects when taken by mouth or injected include nausea, vomiting, headache, and anxiety. Use on hemorrhoids is generally well tolerated. Severe side effects may include a slow heart rate, intestinal ischemia, chest pain, kidney failure, and tissue death at the site of injection. It is unclear whether its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is safe. Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist with minimal to no β-adrenergic receptor agonist activity or induction of norepinephrine release. It causes constriction of both arteries and veins. Phenylephrine was patented in 1933 and came into medical use in 1938. It is available as a generic medication. Unlike pseudoephedrine, abuse of phenylephrine is very uncommon. Its effectiveness as a nasal decongestant has been questioned. In 2023, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) panel concluded that the drug was ineffective as a nasal decongestant when taken orally. In November 2024, the FDA proposed to remove oral phenylephrine as an active ingredient that can be used in over-the-counter (OTC) monograph drug products for the temporary relief of nasal congestion.

苯福林（英語：Phenylephrine，也称作4-去氧肾上腺素）是一种N-甲基苯乙胺衍生物，分子式C9H13NO2，可用作药物，主要治療感冒或鼻敏感所導致的鼻塞，高劑量的苯福林用來治療低血壓和痔瘡。

Furan is a monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31###) colourless liquid. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a hepatotoxic agent and a Maillard reaction product. It is a mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of furans and a monocyclic heteroarene.

在全世界年銷售額約47億美元，且在美國達29億美元。專利權在美國，在2011年到期，而小兒科的範圍上，在2012年3月26日到期。這藥物的專利權已在加拿大到期。許多藥廠現在正製造喹硫平的學名藥。喹硫平的學名藥由Specifar ABEE，雅典，希臘製造和銷售。

Naproxen is a methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an antipyretic, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, a non-narcotic analgesic, a gout suppressant, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a drug allergen. It is a monocarboxylic acid and a methoxynaphthalene. It is a conjugate acid of a naproxen(1-).

吲哚-3-丁酸（英語：Indole-3-butyric acid）是一种有机化合物，化学式为C12H13NO2，简称IBA。

Phytane is a diterpene.

甲草胺是一种酶抑制剂，通过抑制香叶基香叶基焦磷酸 (GGPP) 环化酶来阻断赤霉素的合成。其在美国的商品名有Alanex、Bronco、Cannon、Crop Star、Intrro、Lariat、Lasso、Micro-Tech和Partner。

Oxytocin is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide normally produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Present in animals since early stages of evolution, in humans it plays roles in behavior that include social bonding, love, reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Oxytocin is released into the bloodstream as a hormone in response to sexual activity and during childbirth. It is also available in pharmaceutical form. In either form, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to speed up the process of childbirth. In its natural form, it also plays a role in maternal bonding and milk production. Production and secretion of oxytocin is controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, where its initial release stimulates production and release of further oxytocin. For example, when oxytocin is released during a contraction of the uterus at the start of childbirth, this stimulates production and release of more oxytocin and an increase in the intensity and frequency of contractions. This process compounds in intensity and frequency and continues until the triggering activity ceases. A similar process takes place during lactation and during sexual activity. Oxytocin is derived by enzymatic splitting from the peptide precursor encoded by the human OXT gene. The deduced structure of the active nonapeptide is: Cys – Tyr – Ile – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Leu – Gly – NH2, or CYIQNCPLG-NH2.

催產素（英語：Oxytocin，简称OT），又称缩宫素，是一種哺乳類動物激素，是肽类激素也是神經肽，一般由下視丘產生，由腦垂腺後葉釋放。催产素可以在大腦下視丘「室旁核」與「視上核」神經元所自然分泌，經下視丘腦下垂體路徑神經纖維送到垂體後葉分泌。催产素在社會連結、有性生殖、在分娩中及分娩後都相當重要。催產素在雌性哺乳類動物生產時大量釋放，擴張子宮頸和收縮子宮，促進分娩，分娩後催产素也會刺激乳頭，促進乳汁產生，有助於生產、母嬰連結及哺乳。催产素是於1906年由亨利·哈利特·戴尔發現，在1952年確定其分子結構。 作為藥物的催產素可以幫助生產，且早在1911年，醫生就已在臨床上應用含有催產素的腦下垂體萃取物，也就所謂的「后叶催产素」，來促進子宮收縮以對治難產的問題。在此種腦下垂體萃取物做為藥物並於臨床上得到應用後的40多年，在1953年催產素為美國化學家文森特·迪维尼奥首次人工合成，迪维尼奥之後於1955年獲頒诺贝尔化学奖。

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is a member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a primary alpha-hydroxy ketone and a member of glycerone phosphates. It is functionally related to a dihydroxyacetone. It is a conjugate acid of a glycerone phosphate(2-).

4-雄烯二醇也是一种非常弱的雌激素，相比雌二醇，对雌激素受体ERα和ERβ仅有0.5% 和 0.6% 的亲和性。

Dimethyl sulfite is a sulfite ester.

大蒜吡喃酮（英語：Allixin），又称蒜素，是一种植物保卫素（植物抗毒素），最早于1989年在大蒜鳞茎中分离并确认得到。当大蒜储存时间过长时，可以在大蒜表面积聚得到肉眼可见的大蒜吡喃酮晶体，特别是在坏死的区域最多。大蒜储存2年后，每个蒜瓣中积累的大蒜吡喃酮可达干重的1%。由于大蒜吡喃酮的抗菌活性很弱，因此人们认为大蒜鳞茎产生如此高浓度的大蒜吡喃酮是为了保护自身免于微生物造成进一步伤害。 由于大蒜中含有高浓度的大蒜吡喃酮，科学家对大蒜已知的健康益处是否与大蒜吡喃酮有关产生了兴趣。经过持续研究，人们发现大蒜吡喃酮具备多种生物活性。并开始基于大蒜吡喃酮衍生物进行药物研发。

Valerophenone is an aromatic ketone that consists of benzene substituted by a pentanoyl group. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.

茜素自古就在中亚、埃及、欧洲和中国被作为红色染料使用。1804年英国的乔治·菲尔德发现 用明矾水溶液处理茜素后， 茜素会发生色淀，变为不溶的固体染料，从而延长了它作为染料的使用寿命。用其他金属盐代替明矾，可以得到其他颜色的染料。 1826年，法国的皮埃尔-让-洛比克确认了茜草根部含有两种染料，即茜素红及红紫素（羟基茜素）。

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich. Carnosine is naturally produced by the body in the liver from beta-alanine and histidine. Like carnitine, carnosine is composed of the root word carn, meaning "flesh", alluding to its prevalence in meat. There are no plant-based sources of carnosine. Carnosine is readily available as a synthetic nutritional supplement.

氨甲酰磷酸酯（英語：Carbamoyl phosphate）是一种在生物化学方面有重要意义的阴离子。在陆生生物体内，氨甲酰磷酸酯作为一个中间代谢物参与通过尿素循环进行的氮排泄以及嘧啶的生物合成。 HCO3− + ATP → ADP + HO–C(O)–OPO32−（羰基磷酸酯） HO–C(O)–OPO32− + NH3 + OH− → HPO42− + −O–C(O)NH2 + H2O −O–C(O)NH2 + ATP → ADP + H2NC(O)OPO32−

Lupeol is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Acanthus ilicifolius, and other organisms with data available.

全氟辛酸（英語：Perfluorooctanoic acid，缩写PFOA，共軛鹼为全氟辛酸根，英語：perfluorooctanoate），也称为C8，是一个人工合成的全氟羧酸和含氟表面活性剂。工业上的一个应用是作为含氟聚合物乳液聚合的一种表面活性剂。它已用于制造聚四氟乙烯（商品名为“特氟龙”）这样的常见消费品。PFOA自1940年代以来就已经实现工业化生产。PFOA也是氟代调聚物降解的前体。

Butyronitrile is a nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a propyl group.

苯甲酸酐（英語：Benzoic anhydride）是由苯甲酸形成的酸酐，化学式(C6H5CO)2O，是最简单的对称芳香族酸酐，常温常压下为白色固体。苯甲酸酐可通过苯甲酸在乙酸酐中发生脱水反应生成： 2 C6H5CO2H + (CH3CO)2O → (C6H5CO)2O + 2 CH3CO2H