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validation_images/image_800.png | Which of these states is farthest north? | [
"Missouri",
"Delaware",
"Texas",
"Idaho"
] | 3 | social science | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest north. | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Idaho is farthest north. | Idaho | 0464aa4002344f858130b83708c60ad3 |
validation_images/image_801.png | Which part of the mint plant do we usually eat? | [
"the seeds",
"the leaves",
"the fruit"
] | 1 | natural science | The fruits and vegetables we eat are parts of plants! Plants are made up of different structures. The different structures carry out important functions.
The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They also hold the plant in place in the soil.
The stem supports the plant. It carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant.
The leaves are where most of the plant's photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into food.
After they are pollinated, the flowers make seeds and fruit.
The fruit contain the seeds. Each fruit grows from a pollinated flower.
The seeds can grow into a new plant. Germination is when a seed begins to grow. | The part of the mint plant we usually eat is the leaves. They do most of the photosynthesis to make food for the plant. | The fruits and vegetables we eat are parts of plants! Plants are made up of different structures. The different structures carry out important functions.
The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They also hold the plant in place in the soil.
The stem supports the plant. It carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant.
The leaves are where most of the plant's photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into food.
After they are pollinated, the flowers make seeds and fruit.
The fruit contain the seeds. Each fruit grows from a pollinated flower.
The seeds can grow into a new plant. Germination is when a seed begins to grow.
The part of the mint plant we usually eat is the leaves. They do most of the photosynthesis to make food for the plant. | the leaves | 8157791dd8204931accacef92a94cd33 |
validation_images/image_802.png | Which animal's mouth is also adapted to eat plant matter? | [
"giraffe",
"cougar"
] | 0 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. | Look at the picture of the spotted deer.
The spotted deer has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the spotted deer reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The giraffe has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.
The cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The cougar uses its mouth to eat other animals. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.
Look at the picture of the spotted deer.
The spotted deer has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the spotted deer reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The giraffe has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.
The cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The cougar uses its mouth to eat other animals. | giraffe | 1ea5a9c5ebdb46bd886389491096a2ed |
validation_images/image_803.png | Which part of the bamboo plant do we usually eat? | [
"the leaves",
"the stem",
"the root"
] | 1 | natural science | The fruits and vegetables we eat are parts of plants! Plants are made up of different structures. The different structures carry out important functions.
The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They also hold the plant in place in the soil.
The stem supports the plant. It carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant.
The leaves are where most of the plant's photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into food.
After they are pollinated, the flowers make seeds and fruit.
The fruit contain the seeds. Each fruit grows from a pollinated flower.
The seeds can grow into a new plant. Germination is when a seed begins to grow. | The part of the bamboo plant we usually eat is the stem. It supports the plant. It also carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant. | The fruits and vegetables we eat are parts of plants! Plants are made up of different structures. The different structures carry out important functions.
The roots take in water and nutrients from the soil. They also hold the plant in place in the soil.
The stem supports the plant. It carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant.
The leaves are where most of the plant's photosynthesis happens. Photosynthesis is the process plants use to turn water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into food.
After they are pollinated, the flowers make seeds and fruit.
The fruit contain the seeds. Each fruit grows from a pollinated flower.
The seeds can grow into a new plant. Germination is when a seed begins to grow.
The part of the bamboo plant we usually eat is the stem. It supports the plant. It also carries food, water, and nutrients through the plant. | the stem | 6a8258ccb7184bfebc92206ac5df5d04 |
validation_images/image_804.png | Is gasoline a solid, a liquid, or a gas? | [
"a liquid",
"a solid",
"a gas"
] | 0 | natural science | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. | Gasoline is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.
If you pour gasoline into a different container, the gasoline will take the size and shape of that container. | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.
Gasoline is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in.
If you pour gasoline into a different container, the gasoline will take the size and shape of that container. | a liquid | 8e856ab8072f46759219a73c74b42ead |
validation_images/image_805.png | Select the amphibian below. | [
"gray tree frog",
"human"
] | 0 | natural science | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Humans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.
A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Humans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates.
A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. | gray tree frog | 4eb921d47a404989978d925da37a4845 |
validation_images/image_806.png | Select the organism in the same genus as the green tree frog. | [
"Hyla japonica",
"Macropus giganteus",
"Ardea cinerea"
] | 0 | natural science | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla.
Hyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Hyla cinerea are in the same genus.
Macropus giganteus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus giganteus and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.
Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.
These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A green tree frog's scientific name is Hyla cinerea. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla.
Hyla japonica is in the genus Hyla. The first word of its scientific name is Hyla. So, Hyla japonica and Hyla cinerea are in the same genus.
Macropus giganteus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus giganteus and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.
Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea are not in the same genus.
These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Ardea cinerea and Hyla cinerea have the same species name within their genus, cinerea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Ardea cinerea is in the genus Ardea, and Hyla cinerea is in the genus Hyla. | Hyla japonica | 0c57befc28bd4927b5b0976438cd0c1b |
validation_images/image_807.png | Which type of force from the student's hand slides open the drawer? | [
"pull",
"push"
] | 0 | natural science | A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. | The student's hand applies a force to the drawer. This force slides the drawer open. The direction of this force is toward the student's hand. This force is a pull. | A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to a second object.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.
The student's hand applies a force to the drawer. This force slides the drawer open. The direction of this force is toward the student's hand. This force is a pull. | pull | e58068c9515d403482e8c64013a390bc |
validation_images/image_808.png | Select the organism in the same genus as the purple heron. | [
"Procambarus clarkii",
"Sarracenia purpurea",
"Ardea alba"
] | 2 | natural science | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.
Sarracenia purpurea and Ardea purpurea are not in the same genus.
These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Sarracenia purpurea and Ardea purpurea have the same species name within their genus, purpurea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Sarracenia purpurea is in the genus Sarracenia, and Ardea purpurea is in the genus Ardea.
Procambarus clarkii is in the genus Procambarus. The first word of its scientific name is Procambarus. So, Procambarus clarkii and Ardea purpurea are not in the same genus.
Ardea alba is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea alba and Ardea purpurea are in the same genus. | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A purple heron's scientific name is Ardea purpurea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea.
Sarracenia purpurea and Ardea purpurea are not in the same genus.
These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Sarracenia purpurea and Ardea purpurea have the same species name within their genus, purpurea. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Sarracenia purpurea is in the genus Sarracenia, and Ardea purpurea is in the genus Ardea.
Procambarus clarkii is in the genus Procambarus. The first word of its scientific name is Procambarus. So, Procambarus clarkii and Ardea purpurea are not in the same genus.
Ardea alba is in the genus Ardea. The first word of its scientific name is Ardea. So, Ardea alba and Ardea purpurea are in the same genus. | Ardea alba | 861a673daf0b4db6ac6d61fa9a72c305 |
validation_images/image_809.png | Is a garbage can a solid or a liquid? | [
"a liquid",
"a solid"
] | 1 | natural science | Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. | A garbage can is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
You can open or close a garbage can. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. | Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
A garbage can is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
You can open or close a garbage can. But it will still have a size and shape of its own. | a solid | ed31782ff78b474186c3943f232d4f48 |
validation_images/image_810.png | Which of these states is farthest south? | [
"West Virginia",
"Nebraska",
"Tennessee",
"South Carolina"
] | 3 | social science | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. South Carolina is farthest south. | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. South Carolina is farthest south. | South Carolina | 478596ec6b4e4839b687baf2a348ba68 |
validation_images/image_811.png | Is turquoise a mineral? | [
"no",
"yes"
] | 1 | natural science | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
| Turquoise has all the properties of a mineral. So, turquoise is a mineral. | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
Turquoise has all the properties of a mineral. So, turquoise is a mineral. | yes | 1f1c26d358d2429ea51d5f1442514a7f |
validation_images/image_812.png | Which property do these four objects have in common? | [
"stretchy",
"hard",
"fuzzy"
] | 2 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All four objects are fuzzy.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The kiwi is not stretchy.
A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The boots, the stuffed dice, and the yarn pom pom are not hard.
The property that all four objects have in common is fuzzy. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All four objects are fuzzy.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The kiwi is not stretchy.
A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The boots, the stuffed dice, and the yarn pom pom are not hard.
The property that all four objects have in common is fuzzy. | fuzzy | c21baf38c7a34735bc3c5ce336b2a3e3 |
validation_images/image_813.png | Which property do these two objects have in common? | [
"breakable",
"stretchy"
] | 0 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. Neither of the objects are stretchy.
A breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. Both objects are breakable.
The property that both objects have in common is breakable. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. Neither of the objects are stretchy.
A breakable object will break into pieces if you drop it. Both objects are breakable.
The property that both objects have in common is breakable. | breakable | 4dd4045177514f80a9f6b9c67c818a27 |
validation_images/image_814.png | Select the chemical formula for this molecule. | [
"C",
"C2",
"CCl4",
"CCl5"
] | 2 | natural science | Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.
Scientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.
A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.
The balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.
Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.
Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.
The molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.
The chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.
In chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.
The symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance. | C is the symbol for carbon. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms.
The chemical formula will contain the symbols C and Cl. There is one carbon atom, so C will not have a subscript. There are four chlorine atoms, so Cl will have a subscript of 4.
The correct formula is CCl4.
The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above. | Every substance around you is made up of atoms. Atoms can link together to form molecules. The links between atoms in a molecule are called chemical bonds. Different molecules are made up of different chemical elements, or types of atoms, bonded together.
Scientists use both ball-and-stick models and chemical formulas to represent molecules.
A ball-and-stick model of a molecule is shown below.
The balls represent atoms. The sticks represent the chemical bonds between the atoms.
Notice how each ball is labeled with a symbol made of one or more letters. The symbol is an abbreviation for a chemical element. The ball represents one atom of that element.
Every chemical element is represented by its own symbol. For some elements, that symbol is one capital letter. For other elements, it is one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, the symbol for the element boron is B and the symbol for the element chlorine is Cl.
The molecule shown above has one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. A chemical bond links each chlorine atom to the boron atom.
The chemical formula for a molecule contains the symbol for each chemical element in the molecule. Many chemical formulas use subscripts. A subscript is text that is smaller and placed lower than the normal line of text.
In chemical formulas, the subscripts are numbers. The subscript is always written after the symbol for an element. The subscript tells you how many atoms that symbol represents. If the symbol represents just one atom, then no subscript is included.
The symbols in the chemical formula for a molecule match the symbols in the ball-and-stick model for that molecule. The ball-and-stick model shown before and the chemical formula shown above represent the same substance.
C is the symbol for carbon. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms.
The chemical formula will contain the symbols C and Cl. There is one carbon atom, so C will not have a subscript. There are four chlorine atoms, so Cl will have a subscript of 4.
The correct formula is CCl4.
The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above. | CCl4 | bfb5aa1387624d93915c95cd7e28cde7 |
validation_images/image_815.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample B",
"sample A",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature"
] | 0 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.
Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.
Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. | sample B | c167cb86b6a54467b4b4f204a441f17a |
validation_images/image_816.png | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2."
] | 0 | natural science | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. | Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.
Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.
Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.
Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. | 9af68d5df94e402aadb9ec377b1319fc |
validation_images/image_817.png | In this experiment, which were part of a control group? | [
"the plants that were only soaked in water",
"the plants that were soaked in water and sprayed"
] | 0 | natural science | Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.
For example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:
You grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.
You grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.
By comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. | In this experiment, Ellen investigated whether spraying air plants affects their growth. The plants that were only soaked in water were not sprayed. So, they were part of a control group. | Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome.
For example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment:
You grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group.
You grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group.
By comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.
In this experiment, Ellen investigated whether spraying air plants affects their growth. The plants that were only soaked in water were not sprayed. So, they were part of a control group. | the plants that were only soaked in water | b17c9a5cb7144b568c5dec48ca135599 |
validation_images/image_818.png | Which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles? | [
"Solution A",
"neither; their concentrations are the same",
"Solution B"
] | 0 | natural science | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent | In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.
Solution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the blue particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of blue particles, look at both the number of blue particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of blue particles per milliliter.
Solution A has more blue particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of blue particles. | Solution A | 4264690c21ff4386a79606acb920676d |
validation_images/image_819.png | Which property do these four objects have in common? | [
"opaque",
"flexible",
"stretchy"
] | 0 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The paperback book and the ballet shoes are flexible, but the concrete steps are not.
An opaque object does not let light through. All four objects are opaque.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The paperback book and the concrete steps are not stretchy.
The property that all four objects have in common is opaque. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The paperback book and the ballet shoes are flexible, but the concrete steps are not.
An opaque object does not let light through. All four objects are opaque.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The paperback book and the concrete steps are not stretchy.
The property that all four objects have in common is opaque. | opaque | 3783ec91cdfb4ae3a87741b8175c19ba |
validation_images/image_820.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample A",
"sample B",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature"
] | 0 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | sample A | 73aae7a3e9ae43f4bc420c4694a96e3f |
validation_images/image_821.png | What is the direction of this push? | [
"away from the dad's hands",
"toward the dad's hands"
] | 0 | natural science | One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. | The girl's dad pushes the bike away from himself. So, the girl rides forward. The direction of the push is away from the dad's hands. | One object can make another object move with a push or a pull.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.
The girl's dad pushes the bike away from himself. So, the girl rides forward. The direction of the push is away from the dad's hands. | away from the dad's hands | d235a50898464abf89376a78999aaa62 |
validation_images/image_822.png | Is a marble a solid, a liquid, or a gas? | [
"a liquid",
"a gas",
"a solid"
] | 2 | natural science | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas. | A marble is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
A marble can be made of clear or colored glass. | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own.
Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle.
Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk.
When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space.
Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.
A marble is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
A marble can be made of clear or colored glass. | a solid | 4913c031a9f74d3790e2c6af2278a398 |
validation_images/image_823.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample B",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A"
] | 2 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | sample A | b8b9c65e751c4e07b0854a2d8206c937 |
validation_images/image_824.png | Which of these states is farthest south? | [
"North Dakota",
"Vermont",
"Rhode Island",
"Maine"
] | 2 | social science | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Rhode Island is farthest south. | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Rhode Island is farthest south. | Rhode Island | ccd0f88936244b7a87bed3f0a6e23ed7 |
validation_images/image_825.png | Which property do these four objects have in common? | [
"soft",
"shiny",
"smooth"
] | 0 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The slippers are not smooth.
A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The slippers are not shiny.
A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.
The property that all four objects have in common is soft. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The slippers are not smooth.
A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The slippers are not shiny.
A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.
The property that all four objects have in common is soft. | soft | c2d691ceb8034deb877c9a5562f67f93 |
validation_images/image_826.png | Which of these continents does the equator intersect? | [
"South America",
"Europe",
"Australia"
] | 0 | social science | Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. | The equator is the line at 0° latitude. It intersects South America. It does not intersect Europe or Australia. | Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.
The equator is the line at 0° latitude. It intersects South America. It does not intersect Europe or Australia. | South America | 6f0b23df2e28450aa8115eb89da6d0c4 |
validation_images/image_827.png | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs."
] | 0 | natural science | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. | The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.
There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.
The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater.
There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. | 8f90d3e4a7a042a3a70d07964fb24e5b |
validation_images/image_828.png | Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles? | [
"Solution B",
"Solution A",
"neither; their concentrations are the same"
] | 0 | natural science | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent | In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles. | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more purple particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of purple particles. | Solution B | 702d5a3e361f4beab088694dd20c0bc9 |
validation_images/image_829.png | Which animal's neck is also adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still? | [
"blue-footed booby",
"painted stork"
] | 1 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees. | Look at the picture of the great blue heron.
The great blue heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great blue heron to grab the prey without scaring it away.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The painted stork has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.
The blue-footed booby has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's neck is one example of an adaptation. Animals' necks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large frilled neck might help an animal appear dangerous to its predators. A long neck might help an animal get food from tall trees.
Look at the picture of the great blue heron.
The great blue heron has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. This allows the great blue heron to grab the prey without scaring it away.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The painted stork has a long neck. Its neck is adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still.
The blue-footed booby has a short neck. Its neck is not adapted for hunting prey while keeping the rest of its body still. | painted stork | b314778e890f4b68875eade9945a332d |
validation_images/image_830.png | Will these magnets attract or repel each other? | [
"attract",
"repel"
] | 1 | natural science | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. | To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. | Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces.
Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S).
Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled.
Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles.
If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract.
If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other.
The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other. | repel | cb78b56fb6d745e2bcc9abcdc1d134b1 |
validation_images/image_831.png | Which property do these three objects have in common? | [
"colorful",
"bouncy",
"slippery"
] | 1 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The spring is not slippery.
A colorful object has one or more bright colors. The inflatable castle is colorful, but the soccer ball and the spring are not.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.
The property that all three objects have in common is bouncy. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The spring is not slippery.
A colorful object has one or more bright colors. The inflatable castle is colorful, but the soccer ball and the spring are not.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. All three objects are bouncy.
The property that all three objects have in common is bouncy. | bouncy | 1ec6e64ab00c488ca0f4dd1b7eb3982b |
validation_images/image_832.png | Is conglomerate a mineral? | [
"yes",
"no"
] | 1 | natural science | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
| Conglomerate does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, conglomerate is not a mineral. | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
Conglomerate does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, conglomerate is not a mineral. | no | c850249ea297484098bf158cc790db70 |
validation_images/image_833.png | Select the organism in the same species as the copperband butterflyfish. | [
"Chelmon rostratus",
"Amphiprion frenatus",
"Premnas biaculeatus"
] | 0 | natural science | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A copperband butterflyfish's scientific name is Chelmon rostratus.
Chelmon rostratus has the same scientific name as a copperband butterflyfish. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Amphiprion frenatus does not have the same scientific name as a copperband butterflyfish. So, Chelmon rostratus and Amphiprion frenatus are not in the same species.
Premnas biaculeatus does not have the same scientific name as a copperband butterflyfish. So, Chelmon rostratus and Premnas biaculeatus are not in the same species. | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A copperband butterflyfish's scientific name is Chelmon rostratus.
Chelmon rostratus has the same scientific name as a copperband butterflyfish. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Amphiprion frenatus does not have the same scientific name as a copperband butterflyfish. So, Chelmon rostratus and Amphiprion frenatus are not in the same species.
Premnas biaculeatus does not have the same scientific name as a copperband butterflyfish. So, Chelmon rostratus and Premnas biaculeatus are not in the same species. | Chelmon rostratus | b8fa2da407a9441e83b627816a1915bc |
validation_images/image_834.png | What is the direction of this push? | [
"toward Magnet 1",
"away from Magnet 1"
] | 1 | natural science | A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. | Magnet 1 pushes Magnet 2. The direction of the push is away from Magnet 1. | A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction.
The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing.
The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.
Magnet 1 pushes Magnet 2. The direction of the push is away from Magnet 1. | away from Magnet 1 | 89d0401219af4c0bb957763576176172 |
validation_images/image_835.png | Which animal's limbs are also adapted for swimming? | [
"ostrich",
"humpback whale"
] | 1 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly. | Look at the picture of the harbor seal.
The harbor seal uses its flippers to push itself through water. The flippers can also help it change direction while swimming.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The humpback whale has flippers. Its limbs are adapted for swimming.
The ostrich has short wings and long, thin legs. Its limbs are not adapted for swimming. The ostrich uses its limbs to walk and run on land. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
Arms, legs, flippers, and wings are different types of limbs. The type of limbs an animal has is an example of an adaptation. Animals' limbs can be adapted in different ways. For example, long legs might help an animal run fast. Flippers might help an animal swim. Wings might help an animal fly.
Look at the picture of the harbor seal.
The harbor seal uses its flippers to push itself through water. The flippers can also help it change direction while swimming.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The humpback whale has flippers. Its limbs are adapted for swimming.
The ostrich has short wings and long, thin legs. Its limbs are not adapted for swimming. The ostrich uses its limbs to walk and run on land. | humpback whale | 4b3fd4bd08fb4173973480905a690652 |
validation_images/image_836.png | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | 0 | natural science | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the passage carefully.
Scientists face many challenges working in Antarctica. Cracked lips and dry skin are constant problems on scientific expeditions like the one shown here. This is because the Antarctic air is extremely dry for most of the year.
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity in Antarctica. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.
Read the passage carefully.
Scientists face many challenges working in Antarctica. Cracked lips and dry skin are constant problems on scientific expeditions like the one shown here. This is because the Antarctic air is extremely dry for most of the year.
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of humidity in Antarctica. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate. | climate | bc2b3d7a7cee43e8b78c2093900cd88b |
validation_images/image_837.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A",
"sample B"
] | 1 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | sample A | 8df4109685164679bd481c0d440afea7 |
validation_images/image_838.png | Is Acanthaster planci made up of one cell? | [
"no",
"yes"
] | 0 | natural science | In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.
Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.
| Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants
How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many
Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes
Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes | Acanthaster planci is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells. | In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms.
Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom.
| Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants
How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many
Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes
Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes
Acanthaster planci is an animal. Animals are made up of many cells. | no | 3c9122648f124a17bd2313cc0c19161b |
validation_images/image_839.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"sample A",
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample B"
] | 0 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | sample A | e3dacd38fb334a2096ce7f2dfa2c9646 |
validation_images/image_840.png | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | 1 | natural science | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the passage carefully.
Uganda is an African country with large forests. The humidity in the forest was low this morning, so the air felt dry.
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the humidity in Uganda this morning. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.
Read the passage carefully.
Uganda is an African country with large forests. The humidity in the forest was low this morning, so the air felt dry.
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the humidity in Uganda this morning. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. | weather | fcdc60ac899b45c6921cc138a9656aba |
validation_images/image_841.png | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs."
] | 2 | natural science | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. | The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.
So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same.
So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. | 9e27eda8fb3c48dfae922ca7b7192096 |
validation_images/image_842.png | Which property do these two objects have in common? | [
"stretchy",
"blue"
] | 1 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. Both objects are blue.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The track suit is stretchy, but the sapphire is not.
The property that both objects have in common is blue. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. Both objects are blue.
A stretchy object gets longer when you pull on it. The track suit is stretchy, but the sapphire is not.
The property that both objects have in common is blue. | blue | 7d462f332fed494fb58731497d8883e0 |
validation_images/image_843.png | Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles? | [
"neither; their concentrations are the same",
"Solution B",
"Solution A"
] | 1 | natural science | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent | In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles. | A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent.
The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter.
Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles. | Solution B | dd6dcc20b05f4606a63093848d66d034 |
validation_images/image_844.png | Which ocean is highlighted? | [
"the Arctic Ocean",
"the Indian Ocean",
"the Southern Ocean",
"the Atlantic Ocean"
] | 0 | social science | Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. | This is the Arctic Ocean. | Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.
This is the Arctic Ocean. | the Arctic Ocean | 7ba4a66cc196461983e2ea762c5b5271 |
validation_images/image_845.png | Which material are these rain boots made of? | [
"wool",
"rubber"
] | 1 | natural science | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. | Look at the picture of the rain boots.
The rain boots are made of rubber.
Rubber is waterproof, so it's the perfect material for rain boots. | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
Look at the picture of the rain boots.
The rain boots are made of rubber.
Rubber is waterproof, so it's the perfect material for rain boots. | rubber | ba5edf3434614fe7beaa71bddd612f9e |
validation_images/image_846.png | Select the reptile below. | [
"American alligator",
"American bullfrog"
] | 0 | natural science | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Alligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.
An American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
An American alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Alligators live in and around water. They can live near ponds, rivers, marshes, and lakes.
An American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water. | American alligator | 9f53ea4289ab4f169ac7c64b506ff545 |
validation_images/image_847.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample B",
"sample A"
] | 1 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.
Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A.
Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature. | sample B | 723afae9eb5448648e4496b874a68b03 |
validation_images/image_848.png | Select the mammal below. | [
"American toad",
"robin",
"sugar glider",
"ostrich"
] | 2 | natural science | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. | A sugar glider is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.
Sugar gliders can jump long distances from tree to tree. They have flaps of loose skin on their sides. These flaps help them stay in the air.
A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.
An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
The ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.
An American toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.
A sugar glider is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.
Sugar gliders can jump long distances from tree to tree. They have flaps of loose skin on their sides. These flaps help them stay in the air.
A robin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
A robin is a songbird. It sings different songs at different times of the day.
An ostrich is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
The ostrich is the largest bird alive today. Ostriches cannot fly, but they can run very fast.
An American toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. | sugar glider | bbde8c6a05c349e3a21f778959f4ebe8 |
validation_images/image_849.png | Which continent is highlighted? | [
"North America",
"Africa",
"Australia",
"South America"
] | 2 | social science | A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth. | This continent is Australia. | A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.
This continent is Australia. | Australia | a051b2a660eb488887ad2153c5b158c6 |
validation_images/image_850.png | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
The volume of Mars is more than ten times as large as Mercury's. | [
"false",
"true"
] | 0 | natural science | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 · 1000
= 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3
= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)
= 1.43 x 10^18
| To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.
Then compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 1.63 x 10^11 km^3, which is less than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than ten times as large as Mercury's. | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 · 1000
= 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3
= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)
= 1.43 x 10^18
To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of ten times the volume of Mercury.
Then compare the result to the volume of Mars. The volume of Mars is 1.63 x 10^11 km^3, which is less than 6.08 x 10^11 km^3. So, the volume of Mars is less than ten times as large as Mercury's. | false | 81eb9d07c49d40a6aac2ebaa6ee68a83 |
validation_images/image_851.png | What is the Arctic hare's scientific name? | [
"Lepus timidus",
"Lepus arcticus"
] | 1 | natural science | When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.
Sometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.
Many of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name. | This organism's scientific name refers to the Arctic, the environment it lives in.
The word arcticus refers to the Arctic. So, the Arctic hare's scientific name is Lepus arcticus. | When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name.
Sometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits.
Many of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name.
This organism's scientific name refers to the Arctic, the environment it lives in.
The word arcticus refers to the Arctic. So, the Arctic hare's scientific name is Lepus arcticus. | Lepus arcticus | 955b26e50f244c27a09094ed5c815b48 |
validation_images/image_852.png | Which of these states is farthest east? | [
"Washington",
"Oklahoma",
"California",
"Montana"
] | 1 | social science | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Oklahoma is farthest east. | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Oklahoma is farthest east. | Oklahoma | dc92b436c521484087e7a4a6f149eb92 |
validation_images/image_853.png | Is a peach pit a mineral? | [
"yes",
"no"
] | 1 | natural science | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
| A peach pit does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, a peach pit is not a mineral. | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
A peach pit does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, a peach pit is not a mineral. | no | 04a8fee86e024fd1a22604f0db5590a7 |
validation_images/image_854.png | Which property do these four objects have in common? | [
"slippery",
"shiny",
"soft"
] | 2 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The yarn pom pom and the stuffed rabbit are not slippery.
A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The stuffed rabbit is not shiny.
A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.
The property that all four objects have in common is soft. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The yarn pom pom and the stuffed rabbit are not slippery.
A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The stuffed rabbit is not shiny.
A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft.
The property that all four objects have in common is soft. | soft | 023c0133da0e4eff81fd713489b56401 |
validation_images/image_855.png | Based on the continuum scale, which of the following blood types is more common that B+? | [
"B-",
"A+"
] | 1 | language science | A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.
When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.
When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. | A continuum scale compares things by ordering them along a line. This continuum scale shows how common different blood types are.
Less common blood types are shown to the left. More common blood types are shown to the right. B- is shown farther to the left than B+, so B- is less common than B+. A+ is shown farther to the right than B+, so A+ is more common than B+. | A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another.
When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them.
When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.
A continuum scale compares things by ordering them along a line. This continuum scale shows how common different blood types are.
Less common blood types are shown to the left. More common blood types are shown to the right. B- is shown farther to the left than B+, so B- is less common than B+. A+ is shown farther to the right than B+, so A+ is more common than B+. | A+ | a11074790d1646389004621eeb9a80b3 |
validation_images/image_856.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A",
"sample B"
] | 1 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. The particles in sample A also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | sample A | 44d3026f39d7440f83cf8c4f8599800c |
validation_images/image_857.png | Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves? | [
"leaf-mimic katydid",
"hoverfly"
] | 0 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. | Look at the picture of the leaf insect.
The leaf insect has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The leaf-mimic katydid has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.
The hoverfly has a yellow-and-black pattern on its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.
Look at the picture of the leaf insect.
The leaf insect has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. The word camouflage means to blend in.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The leaf-mimic katydid has a green leaf-shaped body. It is adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves.
The hoverfly has a yellow-and-black pattern on its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged among green leaves. | leaf-mimic katydid | bec80d3018214584957c5e19712b8509 |
validation_images/image_858.png | Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad? | [
"pathos (emotion)",
"ethos (character)",
"logos (reason)"
] | 0 | language science | The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.
Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:
say that a brand has been trusted for many years
include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association
feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values
use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson
Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:
use graphs or charts to display information
cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies
explain the science behind a product or service
emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice
anticipate and refute potential counterclaims
Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:
trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment
appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive
link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury | The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the chocolate with indulgence and luxury. | The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.
Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following:
say that a brand has been trusted for many years
include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association
feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values
use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson
Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:
use graphs or charts to display information
cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies
explain the science behind a product or service
emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice
anticipate and refute potential counterclaims
Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:
trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment
appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive
link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury
The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by associating the chocolate with indulgence and luxury. | pathos (emotion) | 667fe541d4924141a062abfeb7fae8dd |
validation_images/image_859.png | Select the reptile below. | [
"Chinese alligator",
"goldfish"
] | 0 | natural science | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | A goldfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
A Chinese alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
A goldfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
A Chinese alligator is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. | Chinese alligator | 106e1e5f6516409aab56922a859ccfa9 |
validation_images/image_860.png | Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature? | [
"neither; the samples have the same temperature",
"sample A",
"sample B"
] | 1 | natural science | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. | The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance.
The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B.
Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature. | sample A | 68646dc163a346739f9be0d9fadc081a |
validation_images/image_861.png | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
Half of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | [
"false",
"true"
] | 1 | natural science | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice. | The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The table tells you that of the eight planets, two are made mainly of gas and two are made mainly of ice. So, four of the eight, or half, of the planets are made mainly of gas or ice. | true | dfda0204abb940b38f5fb3e550827a43 |
validation_images/image_862.png | Which animal's mouth is also adapted to eat plant matter? | [
"cougar",
"impala"
] | 1 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. | Look at the picture of the horse.
The horse has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the horse reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The impala has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.
The cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The cougar uses its mouth to eat other animals. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.
Look at the picture of the horse.
The horse has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the horse reach grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The impala has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter.
The cougar has a large mouth and sharp teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The cougar uses its mouth to eat other animals. | impala | cd9381be736646e7a2b4863accefce39 |
validation_images/image_863.png | Which of these states is farthest west? | [
"Oregon",
"Rhode Island",
"Utah",
"Tennessee"
] | 0 | social science | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west. | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west. | Oregon | cd00169c3d3947688bddc067ed9ce8a8 |
validation_images/image_864.png | Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers? | [
"roseate spoonbill",
"bronzy sunbird"
] | 1 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. | Look at the picture of the Allen's hummingbird.
The Allen's hummingbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The Allen's hummingbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.
Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.
The bronzy sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.
The roseate spoonbill has a long spoon-shaped beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The roseate spoonbill uses its beak to filter through mud for invertebrates and small fish. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.
Look at the picture of the Allen's hummingbird.
The Allen's hummingbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The Allen's hummingbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.
Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.
The bronzy sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.
The roseate spoonbill has a long spoon-shaped beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The roseate spoonbill uses its beak to filter through mud for invertebrates and small fish. | bronzy sunbird | 1d5370ccf1ef43ed9323caee546bbf3a |
validation_images/image_865.png | Complete the statement.
Silane is (). | [
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | 0 | natural science | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.
Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.
In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. | Use the model to determine whether silane is an elementary substance or a compound.
Step 1: Interpret the model.
.
Use the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.
You can see from the model that a molecule of silane is composed of four hydrogen atoms and one silicon atom bonded together.
Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.
You know from Step 1 that silane is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and silicon. Since silane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silane is a compound. | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element boron is B, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element chlorine is Cl.
Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a ball-and-stick model. The ball-and-stick model below represents a molecule of the compound boron trichloride.
In a ball-and-stick model, the balls represent atoms, and the sticks represent bonds. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.
Use the model to determine whether silane is an elementary substance or a compound.
Step 1: Interpret the model.
.
Use the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model.
You can see from the model that a molecule of silane is composed of four hydrogen atoms and one silicon atom bonded together.
Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.
You know from Step 1 that silane is composed of two chemical elements: hydrogen and silicon. Since silane is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, silane is a compound. | a compound | c20da38c679145ba9040081b4217758f |
validation_images/image_866.png | Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.",
"The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2."
] | 1 | natural science | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. | The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.
There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. | Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.
The magnets in Pair 1 attract. The magnets in Pair 2 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller.
There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. | The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. | 1834bbc876674ac9b337437a68350e95 |
validation_images/image_867.png | Select the organism in the same genus as the Dall sheep. | [
"Ovis canadensis",
"Hystrix cristata",
"Alouatta caraya"
] | 0 | natural science | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A Dall sheep's scientific name is Ovis dalli. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis.
Alouatta caraya is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis dalli are not in the same genus.
Ovis canadensis is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis canadensis and Ovis dalli are in the same genus.
Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Ovis dalli are not in the same genus. | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A Dall sheep's scientific name is Ovis dalli. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis.
Alouatta caraya is in the genus Alouatta. The first word of its scientific name is Alouatta. So, Alouatta caraya and Ovis dalli are not in the same genus.
Ovis canadensis is in the genus Ovis. The first word of its scientific name is Ovis. So, Ovis canadensis and Ovis dalli are in the same genus.
Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix. The first word of its scientific name is Hystrix. So, Hystrix cristata and Ovis dalli are not in the same genus. | Ovis canadensis | 829ad027c8f74dc5adfe28a8c3cf0cdf |
validation_images/image_868.png | Complete the statement.
Titanium is (). | [
"a compound",
"an elementary substance"
] | 1 | natural science | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.
Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.
In a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend. | Use the model to determine whether titanium is an elementary substance or a compound.
Step 1: Interpret the model.
In the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:
. The legend shows that gray represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Ti. So, the model shows you that titanium is composed of one chemical element.
Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.
You know from Step 1 that titanium is composed of only one chemical element. So, titanium is an elementary substance. | There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you.
A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds.
Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be.
Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the elementary substance copper.
In a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. The color of a ball represents a specific chemical element. The atomic symbol for that chemical element is shown in the legend.
Use the model to determine whether titanium is an elementary substance or a compound.
Step 1: Interpret the model.
In the space-filling model shown above, all of the balls are the same color:
. The legend shows that gray represents the chemical element with the atomic symbol Ti. So, the model shows you that titanium is composed of one chemical element.
Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound.
You know from Step 1 that titanium is composed of only one chemical element. So, titanium is an elementary substance. | an elementary substance | 20db045dddcd454f96c7d1ebffbe7409 |
validation_images/image_869.png | Is the following statement about our solar system true or false?
Saturn's volume is more than 10,000 times as large as Mercury's. | [
"true",
"false"
] | 0 | natural science | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 · 1000
= 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3
= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)
= 1.43 x 10^18
| To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 10,000 times the volume of Mercury.
Then compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 8.27 x 10^14 km^3, which is more than 6.08 x 10^14 km^3. So, Saturn's volume is more than 10,000 times as large as Mercury's volume. | A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet.
The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.
The volume of a planet is a very large quantity. Large quantities such as this are often written in scientific notation.
For example, the volume of Jupiter is 1,430,000,000,000,000 km^3. In scientific notation, Jupiter's volume is written as 1.43 x 10^15 km^3.
To compare two numbers written in scientific notation, first compare their exponents. The bigger the exponent is, the bigger the number is. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.43 x 10^12
If their exponents are equal, compare the first numbers. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 is larger than 1.25 x 10^15
To multiply a number written in scientific notation by a power of 10, write the multiple of 10 as 10 raised to an exponent. Then, add the exponents. For example:
1.43 x 10^15 · 1000
= 1.43 x 10^15 · 10^3
= 1.43 x 10^(15 + 3)
= 1.43 x 10^18
To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 10,000 times the volume of Mercury.
Then compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 8.27 x 10^14 km^3, which is more than 6.08 x 10^14 km^3. So, Saturn's volume is more than 10,000 times as large as Mercury's volume. | true | c16e25b6bc794068ad7cb94a50f6da90 |
validation_images/image_870.png | Select the organism in the same species as the Steller's sea eagle. | [
"Diodon hystrix",
"Haliaeetus pelagicus",
"Haliaeetus leucocephalus"
] | 1 | natural science | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A Steller's sea eagle's scientific name is Haliaeetus pelagicus.
Haliaeetus pelagicus has the same scientific name as a Steller's sea eagle. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Diodon hystrix does not have the same scientific name as a Steller's sea eagle. So, Haliaeetus pelagicus and Diodon hystrix are not in the same species.
Haliaeetus pelagicus is in the same genus as Haliaeetus leucocephalus, but they are not in the same species.
Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Haliaeetus pelagicus and Haliaeetus leucocephalus are different species within the same genus. | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A Steller's sea eagle's scientific name is Haliaeetus pelagicus.
Haliaeetus pelagicus has the same scientific name as a Steller's sea eagle. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Diodon hystrix does not have the same scientific name as a Steller's sea eagle. So, Haliaeetus pelagicus and Diodon hystrix are not in the same species.
Haliaeetus pelagicus is in the same genus as Haliaeetus leucocephalus, but they are not in the same species.
Organisms in the same species have the same scientific names. Haliaeetus pelagicus and Haliaeetus leucocephalus are different species within the same genus. | Haliaeetus pelagicus | 7f812552691140f39dd24e28c32e4826 |
validation_images/image_871.png | Which of the following organisms is the producer in this food web? | [
"earthworm",
"Arctic fox",
"lichen"
] | 2 | natural science | A food web is a model.
A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.
Arrows show how matter moves.
A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.
An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.
An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. | Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.
The Arctic fox has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.
The lichen does not have an arrow pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer.
The earthworm has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.
The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the bear sedge is a producer. | A food web is a model.
A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.
Arrows show how matter moves.
A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.
An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.
An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.
Producers do not eat other organisms. So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.
The Arctic fox has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.
The lichen does not have an arrow pointing to it. So, the lichen is a producer.
The earthworm has arrows pointing to it, so it is not a producer.
The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the bear sedge is a producer. | lichen | 3b88d533099b4d8890b270868e03d7f8 |
validation_images/image_872.png | Which of these states is farthest south? | [
"Michigan",
"Vermont",
"Colorado",
"Maine"
] | 2 | social science | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. | To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest south. | Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west.
A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction.
The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Colorado is farthest south. | Colorado | 4d534b44269549be85dfcd597e44f243 |
validation_images/image_873.png | Which material is this handkerchief made of? | [
"linen",
"glass"
] | 0 | natural science | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. | Look at the picture of the handkerchief.
The handkerchief is made of linen.
Linen is made from the stems of flax plants. First, the stems are cut. Then, the stems are soaked in water until they are soft. The soft fibers from the stems are then spun into yarn. | A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials.
Look at the picture of the handkerchief.
The handkerchief is made of linen.
Linen is made from the stems of flax plants. First, the stems are cut. Then, the stems are soaked in water until they are soft. The soft fibers from the stems are then spun into yarn. | linen | 6179aa3f9fe04b1c9e26b2a327b05ed7 |
validation_images/image_874.png | What is the expected ratio of offspring with sour fruit to offspring with sweet fruit? Choose the most likely ratio. | [
"3:1",
"4:0",
"0:4",
"2:2",
"1:3"
] | 1 | natural science | Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.
If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.
A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.
For example, consider the Punnett square below.
| F | f
F | FF | Ff
f | Ff | ff
There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.
| To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with sour fruit or sweet fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for sour fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for sweet fruit.
Sour fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the dominant version of the fruit taste trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sour fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.
All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.
Sweet fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the recessive version of the fruit taste trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sweet fruit must have the genotype ff.
There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.
So, the expected ratio of offspring with sour fruit to offspring with sweet fruit is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with sour fruit. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with sweet fruit. | Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive?
How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype.
If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait.
If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait.
A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type.
For example, consider the Punnett square below.
| F | f
F | FF | Ff
f | Ff | ff
There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.
To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with sour fruit or sweet fruit, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. The question tells you that the F allele, which is for sour fruit, is dominant over the f allele, which is for sweet fruit.
Sour fruit is the dominant allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the dominant version of the fruit taste trait must have at least one dominant allele for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sour fruit must have the genotype FF or Ff.
All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype FF or Ff.
Sweet fruit is the recessive allele's version of the fruit taste trait. A muskmelon plant with the recessive version of the fruit taste trait must have only recessive alleles for the fruit taste gene. So, offspring with sweet fruit must have the genotype ff.
There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ff.
So, the expected ratio of offspring with sour fruit to offspring with sweet fruit is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring with sour fruit. This cross is expected to never produce offspring with sweet fruit. | 4:0 | 3063ddefdd4041cfa1e65313c214c344 |
validation_images/image_875.png | What can a douglas fir seed grow into? | [
"a female cone",
"a male cone",
"a new plant"
] | 2 | natural science | Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?
Conifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.
The seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. | A seed can germinate and grow into a new plant.
The new plant can grow male and female cones. But a seed does not grow into a male cone or a female cone. | Conifers are plants that grow cones. Conifers use their cones to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do conifers use their cones to reproduce?
Conifers can grow male and female cones. Male cones make pollen, and female cones make eggs. Pollination is what happens when wind blows pollen from male cones onto female cones. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds.
The seeds can fall out of the cones and land on the ground. When a seed lands on the ground, it can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.
A seed can germinate and grow into a new plant.
The new plant can grow male and female cones. But a seed does not grow into a male cone or a female cone. | a new plant | 2e474266536a4f1c8d728612f4efc9ad |
validation_images/image_876.png | Select the organism in the same species as the bobcat. | [
"Felis nigripes",
"Felis silvestris",
"Lynx rufus"
] | 2 | natural science | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
| A bobcat's scientific name is Lynx rufus.
Felis silvestris does not have the same scientific name as a bobcat. So, Lynx rufus and Felis silvestris are not in the same species.
Felis nigripes does not have the same scientific name as a bobcat. So, Lynx rufus and Felis nigripes are not in the same species.
Lynx rufus has the same scientific name as a bobcat. So, these organisms are in the same species. | Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words.
The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits.
A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus.
Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus.
Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A bobcat's scientific name is Lynx rufus.
Felis silvestris does not have the same scientific name as a bobcat. So, Lynx rufus and Felis silvestris are not in the same species.
Felis nigripes does not have the same scientific name as a bobcat. So, Lynx rufus and Felis nigripes are not in the same species.
Lynx rufus has the same scientific name as a bobcat. So, these organisms are in the same species. | Lynx rufus | 78ecfe7f5fcb49acb02ccf116177348e |
validation_images/image_877.png | Which ocean is highlighted? | [
"the Southern Ocean",
"the Arctic Ocean",
"the Indian Ocean",
"the Atlantic Ocean"
] | 1 | social science | Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean. | This is the Arctic Ocean. | Oceans are huge bodies of salt water. The world has five oceans. All of the oceans are connected, making one world ocean.
This is the Arctic Ocean. | the Arctic Ocean | 069d026b414b4d32a62ae76696d16458 |
validation_images/image_878.png | Is biotite a mineral or a rock? | [
"mineral",
"rock"
] | 0 | natural science | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! | Biotite has all the properties of a mineral. So, biotite is a mineral. | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals.
Minerals and rocks have the following properties:
Property | Mineral | Rock
It is a solid. | Yes | Yes
It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes
It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes
It is a pure substance. | Yes | No
It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No
You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither.
Look closely at the last three properties:
Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks.
A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!
Biotite has all the properties of a mineral. So, biotite is a mineral. | mineral | 25d922bfdc564c50855e844570256b2b |
validation_images/image_879.png | Select the mammal below. | [
"gorilla",
"common toad"
] | 0 | natural science | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. | A gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.
A common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common.
Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
A gorilla is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk.
A common toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. | gorilla | c75a08e282194579bc5dc2f2b82d1041 |
validation_images/image_880.png | Which property do these two objects have in common? | [
"bouncy",
"slippery"
] | 0 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. Both objects are bouncy.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The spring is not slippery.
The property that both objects have in common is bouncy. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. Both objects are bouncy.
A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The spring is not slippery.
The property that both objects have in common is bouncy. | bouncy | 378005615a5f4c47825a8fb197fe4515 |
validation_images/image_881.png | Select the bird below. | [
"giraffe",
"loon",
"great white shark",
"leafy seadragon"
] | 1 | natural science | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals. | A loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Loons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.
A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years.
A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Giraffes eat mostly leaves that are too high up for other animals to reach.
A leafy seadragon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
A seadragon's body looks like a clump of seaweed. This helps the seadragon hide from its predators. | Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. Scientists sort animals into each group based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
Classification helps scientists learn about how animals live. Classification also helps scientists compare similar animals.
A loon is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak.
Loons usually live near lakes. They dive in the water to hunt for food.
A great white shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Great white sharks can live for up to 70 years.
A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Giraffes eat mostly leaves that are too high up for other animals to reach.
A leafy seadragon is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
A seadragon's body looks like a clump of seaweed. This helps the seadragon hide from its predators. | loon | 67aa4a4a8e924f61878f61479ccad263 |
validation_images/image_882.png | Which better describes the Kermadec Arc ecosystem? | [
"It has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground.",
"It has bright sunlight. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground."
] | 0 | natural science | An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there | The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the Kermadec Arc has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. | An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there
The deep sea is a type of ecosystem. Deep sea ecosystems have the following features: water at the bottom of the ocean, no sunlight, and organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. So, the Kermadec Arc has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. | It has water at the bottom of the ocean. It also has organisms that crawl or stick to the ground. | 3c7400ce363a46dfbd1ecb66ca7d6621 |
validation_images/image_883.png | Which i in row C? | [
"the fire department",
"the gas station",
"the library",
"the theater"
] | 1 | social science | A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. | The gas station is in row C. | A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map.
A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters.
A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.
The gas station is in row C. | the gas station | 59fa55bfa775412bbc94ab33a50acb2c |
validation_images/image_884.png | Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect? | [
"South America",
"North America",
"Europe"
] | 2 | social science | Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. | The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Europe. It does not intersect North America or South America. | Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps.
Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there.
Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles.
The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W.
Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.
The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Europe. It does not intersect North America or South America. | Europe | 4a539eb70d884d77b574967dd939a8b0 |
validation_images/image_885.png | Which property matches this object? | [
"sweet",
"blue"
] | 0 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. | Look at the object.
Think about each property.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. The caramel corn is not blue.
Sugar has a sweet taste. The caramel corn is sweet. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it.
Look at the object.
Think about each property.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. The caramel corn is not blue.
Sugar has a sweet taste. The caramel corn is sweet. | sweet | f88f08c7c8564f45a148323dcf73ab1c |
validation_images/image_886.png | Complete the sentence.
The Peru-Chile Trench formed at a () boundary. | [
"convergent",
"divergent",
"transform"
] | 0 | natural science | The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:
At a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.
At a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.
At a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.
ocean-continent subduction zone
One type of convergent boundary is an ocean-continent subduction zone, which forms when a plate with oceanic crust and a plate with continental crust move toward each other. The oceanic crust subducts, or sinks, below the continental crust.
As the oceanic crust subducts, a deep-sea trench forms at the plate boundary. Some rock in the subducting plate melts into magma and rises toward the surface. The magma cools and hardens to create a string of volcanoes called a volcanic arc. | To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Peru-Chile Trench, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.
The Peru-Chile Trench is a deep-sea trench that extends along the western coast of South America. Here, the Nazca Plate is moving toward the South American Plate at a rate of about 7.9 centimeters per year. As these plates collide, the oceanic crust of the Nazca Plate subducts, or sinks, below the continental crust of the South American Plate, forming the Peru-Chile Trench.
The underlined part of the passage explains that the Peru-Chile Trench formed as the two plates moved toward each other. So, the Peru-Chile Trench formed at a convergent boundary. | The outer layer of Earth is broken up into many pieces called tectonic plates, or simply plates. The breaks between plates are called plate boundaries. Plate boundaries are classified by the way the plates are moving relative to each other:
At a divergent boundary, two plates are moving away from each other.
At a transform boundary, two plates are sliding past each other.
At a convergent boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.
ocean-continent subduction zone
One type of convergent boundary is an ocean-continent subduction zone, which forms when a plate with oceanic crust and a plate with continental crust move toward each other. The oceanic crust subducts, or sinks, below the continental crust.
As the oceanic crust subducts, a deep-sea trench forms at the plate boundary. Some rock in the subducting plate melts into magma and rises toward the surface. The magma cools and hardens to create a string of volcanoes called a volcanic arc.
To figure out what type of plate boundary formed the Peru-Chile Trench, you need to know how the tectonic plates interacted. To find this out, read the passage carefully.
The Peru-Chile Trench is a deep-sea trench that extends along the western coast of South America. Here, the Nazca Plate is moving toward the South American Plate at a rate of about 7.9 centimeters per year. As these plates collide, the oceanic crust of the Nazca Plate subducts, or sinks, below the continental crust of the South American Plate, forming the Peru-Chile Trench.
The underlined part of the passage explains that the Peru-Chile Trench formed as the two plates moved toward each other. So, the Peru-Chile Trench formed at a convergent boundary. | convergent | 643dcdd9067e4b09934091b94c594d3c |
validation_images/image_887.png | Is a chair a solid, a liquid, or a gas? | [
"a liquid",
"a gas",
"a solid"
] | 2 | natural science | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
When matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.
Many gases are invisible. So, you can’t see them. Air is a gas. | A chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
When you sit on a chair, it keeps its shape. | Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
When matter is a gas, it spreads out to fill a space.
Many gases are invisible. So, you can’t see them. Air is a gas.
A chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
When you sit on a chair, it keeps its shape. | a solid | fe9615397b954ca68571b552308362e1 |
validation_images/image_888.png | Is siltstone a mineral? | [
"yes",
"no"
] | 1 | natural science | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
| Siltstone does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, siltstone is not a mineral. | Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties:
It is a solid.
It is formed in nature.
It is not made by organisms.
It is a pure substance.
It has a fixed crystal structure.
If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral.
Look closely at the last three properties:
A mineral is not made by organisms.
Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals.
Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals.
A mineral is a pure substance.
A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances.
A mineral has a fixed crystal structure.
The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
Siltstone does not have all the properties of a mineral. So, siltstone is not a mineral. | no | 36d98e33f0ad4e86ac562788c975c8ab |
validation_images/image_889.png | Which animal is also adapted for climbing trees? | [
"common marmoset",
"Grevy's zebra"
] | 0 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. | Look at the picture of the vervet monkey.
The vervet monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The vervet monkey uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The common marmoset has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.
The Grevy's zebra has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The Grevy's zebra uses its feet to walk and run. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.
Look at the picture of the vervet monkey.
The vervet monkey has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees. The vervet monkey uses its long fingers and toes to hold on to branches while climbing.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The common marmoset has long fingers and toes. It is adapted for climbing trees.
The Grevy's zebra has four hoofed feet. It is not adapted for climbing trees. The Grevy's zebra uses its feet to walk and run. | common marmoset | 0035cdb1aef8411c884b74cc394736a0 |
validation_images/image_890.png | Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Africa",
"South America",
"Asia",
"Europe"
] | 3 | social science | A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth. | This continent is Europe. | A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.
This continent is Europe. | Europe | 3244b1f717484b7cbe0ed6b396171d06 |
validation_images/image_891.png | Which property do these two objects have in common? | [
"blue",
"bouncy"
] | 0 | natural science | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. | Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. Neither of the objects are bouncy.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. Both objects are blue.
The property that both objects have in common is blue. | An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Different objects can have the same properties. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.
Look at each object.
For each object, decide if it has that property.
A bouncy object will bounce back from the floor if you drop it. Neither of the objects are bouncy.
Blue is a color.
This color is blue. Both objects are blue.
The property that both objects have in common is blue. | blue | 1acd8a3377044483a788a9322d980c9a |
validation_images/image_892.png | Is a chair a solid or a liquid? | [
"a solid",
"a liquid"
] | 0 | natural science | Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. | A chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
When you sit on a chair, it keeps its shape. | Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms.
When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own.
Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break.
A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid.
When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container.
Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space.
Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
A chair is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own.
When you sit on a chair, it keeps its shape. | a solid | 993537cd69cf4bd4ba8a938250966b7b |
validation_images/image_893.png | Which bird's beak is also adapted to get nectar out of long flowers? | [
"green violetear",
"northern mockingbird"
] | 0 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks. | Look at the picture of the bronzy sunbird.
The bronzy sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The bronzy sunbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.
Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.
The green violetear has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.
The northern mockingbird has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The northern mockingbird uses its beak to eat insects and earthworms. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The shape of a bird's beak is one example of an adaptation. Birds' beaks can be adapted in different ways. For example, a sharp hooked beak might help a bird tear through meat easily. A short, thick beak might help a bird break through a seed's hard shell. Birds that eat similar food often have similar beaks.
Look at the picture of the bronzy sunbird.
The bronzy sunbird has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The bronzy sunbird's long, thin beak can reach deep into the flowers.
Now look at each bird. Figure out which bird has a similar adaptation.
The green violetear has a long, thin beak. Its beak is adapted to get nectar out of long flowers.
The northern mockingbird has a short, thin beak. Its beak is not adapted to get nectar out of long flowers. The northern mockingbird uses its beak to eat insects and earthworms. | green violetear | a077457a0599406da0da23a1cc6ba02e |
validation_images/image_894.png | Which better describes the Jardines de la Reina National Park ecosystem? | [
"It has salty water. It also has many different types of organisms.",
"It has water with not much salt. It also has many different types of organisms."
] | 0 | natural science | An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there | A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, Jardines de la Reina National Park has salty water. It also has many different types of organisms. | An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other:
the pattern of weather, or climate
the type of soil or water
the organisms that live there
A tropical coral reef is a type of ecosystem. Tropical coral reefs have the following features: shallow, salty water, bright sunlight, and many different types of organisms. So, Jardines de la Reina National Park has salty water. It also has many different types of organisms. | It has salty water. It also has many different types of organisms. | 36be3996871647b884ff1d997c7f735b |
validation_images/image_895.png | During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to (). | [
"each refrigerator . . . the surroundings",
"the surroundings . . . each refrigerator"
] | 1 | natural science | A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:
An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.
A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. | The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator. | A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy:
An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings.
A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.
The temperature of each refrigerator increased, which means that the thermal energy of each refrigerator increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each refrigerator. | the surroundings . . . each refrigerator | a9e1bb038c9d488580f441c44d992a34 |
validation_images/image_896.png | Which month has the lowest average precipitation in London? | [
"November",
"July",
"February"
] | 1 | natural science | Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.
A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. | To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.
Choice "Feb" is incorrect.
Choice "Jul" is incorrect.
Choice "Nov" is incorrect.
July has an average monthly precipitation of about 45 millimeters. This is lower than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation. | Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location.
A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.
To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph.
Choice "Feb" is incorrect.
Choice "Jul" is incorrect.
Choice "Nov" is incorrect.
July has an average monthly precipitation of about 45 millimeters. This is lower than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation. | July | ccff00b1fcc34214b44566579f468daa |
validation_images/image_897.png | Which animal's skin is better adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth? | [
"hyrax",
"giant pangolin"
] | 1 | natural science | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. | Look at the picture of the nine-banded armadillo.
The nine-banded armadillo has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the nine-banded armadillo.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The giant pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth.
The hyrax has thin fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth. | An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors.
The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.
Look at the picture of the nine-banded armadillo.
The nine-banded armadillo has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the nine-banded armadillo.
Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation.
The giant pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth.
The hyrax has thin fur covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth. | giant pangolin | bcf408c82a5f436d920b4393e324a6b9 |
validation_images/image_898.png | Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? | [
"climate",
"weather"
] | 1 | natural science | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. | Read the passage carefully.
Death Valley is a desert in eastern California. A record high temperature of 134°F was recorded there on July 10, 1913!
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Death Valley on a certain day in 1913. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. | The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere.
Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day.
Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.
Read the passage carefully.
Death Valley is a desert in eastern California. A record high temperature of 134°F was recorded there on July 10, 1913!
The underlined part of the passage tells you about the temperature in Death Valley on a certain day in 1913. This passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time. So, this passage describes the weather. | weather | 2b9bf8581d344f4a95d251f27aae4ef2 |
validation_images/image_899.png | Which continent is highlighted? | [
"Antarctica",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"Asia"
] | 2 | social science | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. | This continent is Europe. | A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.
This continent is Europe. | Europe | f5fecfd8c86e48bd90275388bc1d2074 |