image
stringlengths
29
32
question
stringlengths
17
259
choices
sequencelengths
2
5
answer
int64
0
4
subject
stringclasses
3 values
lecture
stringclasses
96 values
solution
stringlengths
23
2.21k
context
stringlengths
89
3.29k
decoded_answer
stringlengths
2
106
image_id
stringlengths
32
32
validation_images/image_1200.png
Which of these states is farthest east?
[ "Texas", "Oregon", "Montana", "Utah" ]
0
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest east.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Texas is farthest east.
Texas
be3f32b42d874f59b441f2ac67b90ee9
validation_images/image_1201.png
Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places?
[ "polar bear", "naked mole rat" ]
0
natural science
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.
Look at the picture of the snow leopard. The snow leopard has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The snow leopard uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The polar bear has skin with thick fur on top and a thick layer of fat underneath it. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The naked mole rat has thin skin covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the snow leopard. The snow leopard has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The snow leopard uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The polar bear has skin with thick fur on top and a thick layer of fat underneath it. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The naked mole rat has thin skin covering its body. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.
polar bear
699ede5a354c48fc8d4c5906e86454c3
validation_images/image_1202.png
What is the direction of this pull?
[ "away from his hand", "toward his hand" ]
1
natural science
A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.
The baby pulls open the cabinet door. The direction of the pull is toward his hand.
A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The baby pulls open the cabinet door. The direction of the pull is toward his hand.
toward his hand
e9790aca5bd64cfbb69bac4969abc5b5
validation_images/image_1203.png
Which continent is highlighted?
[ "Asia", "Antarctica", "Australia", "South America" ]
2
social science
A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.
This continent is Australia.
A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia.
Australia
2117f7ba37c5420aacfe9d48a10524bf
validation_images/image_1204.png
Which of these organisms contains matter that was once part of the persimmon tree?
[ "parasol fungus", "silver maple", "beaver" ]
0
natural science
A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.
Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the persimmon tree.There are four paths matter can take from the persimmon tree to the parasol fungus: persimmon tree->black bear->parasol fungus. persimmon tree->pine vole->parasol fungus. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->black bear->parasol fungus. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->pine vole->parasol fungus. There are three paths matter can take from the persimmon tree to the gray fox: persimmon tree->pine vole->gray fox. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->gray fox. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->pine vole->gray fox. silver maple. The silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the persimmon tree to the silver maple.. beaver. The only arrow pointing to the beaver starts from the silver maple. The silver maple does not have an arrow pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the persimmon tree to the beaver.. There are two paths matter can take from the persimmon tree to the pine vole: persimmon tree->pine vole. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->pine vole.
A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows that starts from the persimmon tree.There are four paths matter can take from the persimmon tree to the parasol fungus: persimmon tree->black bear->parasol fungus. persimmon tree->pine vole->parasol fungus. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->black bear->parasol fungus. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->pine vole->parasol fungus. There are three paths matter can take from the persimmon tree to the gray fox: persimmon tree->pine vole->gray fox. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->gray fox. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->pine vole->gray fox. silver maple. The silver maple does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the persimmon tree to the silver maple.. beaver. The only arrow pointing to the beaver starts from the silver maple. The silver maple does not have an arrow pointing to it. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the persimmon tree to the beaver.. There are two paths matter can take from the persimmon tree to the pine vole: persimmon tree->pine vole. persimmon tree->swallowtail caterpillar->pine vole.
parasol fungus
89d24f69a31f4a3a972c79bc455e3a64
validation_images/image_1205.png
Select the organism in the same species as the Steller's jay.
[ "Cyanocitta stelleri", "Sturnus vulgaris", "Goura victoria" ]
0
natural science
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A Steller's jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta stelleri. Cyanocitta stelleri has the same scientific name as a Steller's jay. So, these organisms are in the same species. Sturnus vulgaris does not have the same scientific name as a Steller's jay. So, Cyanocitta stelleri and Sturnus vulgaris are not in the same species. Goura victoria does not have the same scientific name as a Steller's jay. So, Cyanocitta stelleri and Goura victoria are not in the same species.
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A Steller's jay's scientific name is Cyanocitta stelleri. Cyanocitta stelleri has the same scientific name as a Steller's jay. So, these organisms are in the same species. Sturnus vulgaris does not have the same scientific name as a Steller's jay. So, Cyanocitta stelleri and Sturnus vulgaris are not in the same species. Goura victoria does not have the same scientific name as a Steller's jay. So, Cyanocitta stelleri and Goura victoria are not in the same species.
Cyanocitta stelleri
1d6821d03b384d1eaa101b0a95d8f039
validation_images/image_1206.png
Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?
[ "Solution B", "Solution A", "neither; their concentrations are the same" ]
1
natural science
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution A has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of green particles.
Solution A
902538f1d1d642c28ad6b1ad1d8a9aa5
validation_images/image_1207.png
Which animal's mouth is also adapted to eat plant matter?
[ "giant anteater", "giraffe" ]
1
natural science
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths.
Look at the picture of the goat. The goat has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the goat reach leaves and grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The giraffe has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The giant anteater has a long tube-shaped mouth and no teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The giant anteater uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows.
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's mouth is one example of an adaptation. Animals' mouths can be adapted in different ways. For example, a large mouth with sharp teeth might help an animal tear through meat. A long, thin mouth might help an animal catch insects that live in holes. Animals that eat similar food often have similar mouths. Look at the picture of the goat. The goat has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The long jaws can help the goat reach leaves and grass. The flat teeth can help it cut and grind up the food into soft pieces it can swallow. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The giraffe has long jaws and flat teeth. Its mouth is adapted to eat plant matter. The giant anteater has a long tube-shaped mouth and no teeth. Its mouth is not adapted to eat plant matter. The giant anteater uses its mouth to get insects out of holes and burrows.
giraffe
46c248245a4c41749736c3362c5c764a
validation_images/image_1208.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "repel", "attract" ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
repel
9bf324cb4c7e4b328ed50ab41e2cbdce
validation_images/image_1209.png
Based on the arrows, which of the following living things is a consumer?
[ "kelp", "kelp bass" ]
1
natural science
A food web is a model. Models can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating. A living thing in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the living thing is eaten by more than one other living thing in the food web. A living thing in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the living thing eats more than one other living thing in the food web.
Consumers eat other living things. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other living things to consumers. The kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is a producer, not a consumer. The kelp bass has arrows pointing to it from the kelp, the zooplankton, and the plainfin midshipman. So, the kelp bass is a consumer.
A food web is a model. Models can make things in nature easier to understand. Models can be simpler than the things they represent. A food web is a model that shows where living things in an ecosystem get their food. If a food web showed every living thing in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some living things in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one living thing to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one living thing eats another living thing. An arrow starts from the living thing that is eaten. The arrow points to the living thing that is doing the eating. A living thing in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the living thing is eaten by more than one other living thing in the food web. A living thing in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the living thing eats more than one other living thing in the food web. Consumers eat other living things. So, there are arrows in a food web that point from other living things to consumers. The kelp does not have any arrows pointing to it. So, the kelp is a producer, not a consumer. The kelp bass has arrows pointing to it from the kelp, the zooplankton, and the plainfin midshipman. So, the kelp bass is a consumer.
kelp bass
5bed77b481af4c0e977731c8f3abeae4
validation_images/image_1210.png
Which of these continents does the prime meridian intersect?
[ "Africa", "Asia", "South America" ]
0
social science
Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place.
The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or Asia.
Lines of latitude and lines of longitude are imaginary lines drawn on some globes and maps. They can help you find places on globes and maps. Lines of latitude show how far north or south a place is. We use units called degrees to describe how far a place is from the equator. The equator is the line located at 0° latitude. We start counting degrees from there. Lines north of the equator are labeled N for north. Lines south of the equator are labeled S for south. Lines of latitude are also called parallels because each line is parallel to the equator. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. They show how far east or west a place is. We use degrees to help describe how far a place is from the prime meridian. The prime meridian is the line located at 0° longitude. Lines west of the prime meridian are labeled W. Lines east of the prime meridian are labeled E. Meridians meet at the north and south poles. The equator goes all the way around the earth, but the prime meridian is different. It only goes from the North Pole to the South Pole on one side of the earth. On the opposite side of the globe is another special meridian. It is labeled both 180°E and 180°W. Together, lines of latitude and lines of longitude form a grid. You can use this grid to find the exact location of a place. The prime meridian is the line at 0° longitude. It intersects Africa. It does not intersect South America or Asia.
Africa
85c706082f9b4647a62fb7a883ae3db0
validation_images/image_1211.png
Complete the sentence. Pollen helps a plant ().
[ "grow roots", "make seeds", "make flowers" ]
1
natural science
Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce? First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant.
Pollen helps the flower make seeds. After pollination, sperm cells from the pollen can combine with the eggs. These fertilized eggs can grow into seeds. Pollen does not help a plant make flowers or grow roots.
Many plants have flowers. These plants can use their flowers to reproduce, or make new plants like themselves. How do plants use their flowers to reproduce? First, the male part of the flower makes pollen, and the female part makes eggs. Animals, wind, or water can move pollen. Pollination is what happens when pollen is moved to the female part of the flower. After pollination, sperm from the pollen can combine with the eggs. This is called fertilization. The fertilized eggs grow into seeds. The fruit grows around the seeds. Later, a seed can fall out of the fruit. It can germinate, or start to grow into a new plant. Pollen helps the flower make seeds. After pollination, sperm cells from the pollen can combine with the eggs. These fertilized eggs can grow into seeds. Pollen does not help a plant make flowers or grow roots.
make seeds
8cb2a678cca1463e91bbbd5d349f8a90
validation_images/image_1212.png
Which of these states is farthest east?
[ "Illinois", "Georgia", "Washington", "Minnesota" ]
1
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest east.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Georgia is farthest east.
Georgia
cad2a6e6a5e74eba82c28b1070cfe8a7
validation_images/image_1213.png
During this time, thermal energy was transferred from () to ().
[ "each vial . . . the surroundings", "the surroundings . . . each vial" ]
1
natural science
A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings.
The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.
A change in an object's temperature indicates a change in the object's thermal energy: An increase in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy increased. So, thermal energy was transferred into the object from its surroundings. A decrease in temperature shows that the object's thermal energy decreased. So, thermal energy was transferred out of the object to its surroundings. The temperature of each vial increased, which means that the thermal energy of each vial increased. So, thermal energy was transferred from the surroundings to each vial.
the surroundings . . . each vial
ccdc0c11f76549298cf788c9e02d48d8
validation_images/image_1214.png
Based on the time line, which sport was invented later?
[ "bowling", "surfing" ]
1
language science
A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.
A time line shows the order of events by placing them along a line. This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin. Look at how the events are ordered on the time line. Sports that were invented earlier are shown to the left. Sports that were invented later are shown to the right. Surfing is shown farther right than bowling. So, surfing was invented later.
A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. A time line shows the order of events by placing them along a line. This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin. Look at how the events are ordered on the time line. Sports that were invented earlier are shown to the left. Sports that were invented later are shown to the right. Surfing is shown farther right than bowling. So, surfing was invented later.
surfing
1644e404d466469385b75a8db034d7b9
validation_images/image_1215.png
Which continent is highlighted?
[ "Asia", "Africa", "North America" ]
1
social science
A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.
This continent is Africa.
A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth. This continent is Africa.
Africa
efe53175c16242a1a33a0e56509f89aa
validation_images/image_1216.png
Select the mammal below.
[ "zebra", "tiger shark" ]
0
natural science
Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. A tiger shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
zebra
12982f474efa447d8ad7d6344ce5c389
validation_images/image_1217.png
Which continent is highlighted?
[ "South America", "Africa", "Europe", "North America" ]
2
social science
A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.
This continent is Europe.
A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Europe.
Europe
23a876eefefa48bea3d9fa0147a037a5
validation_images/image_1218.png
What is the direction of this push?
[ "toward the bar magnet", "away from the bar magnet" ]
1
natural science
A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.
The bar magnet pushes the horseshoe magnet. The direction of the push is away from the bar magnet.
A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The bar magnet pushes the horseshoe magnet. The direction of the push is away from the bar magnet.
away from the bar magnet
4d2532d972224ea7a109205b3c3acd46
validation_images/image_1219.png
What is this squat lobster's scientific name?
[ "Munidopsis mandelai", "Munidopsis anemia" ]
0
natural science
When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name. Sometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits. Many of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name.
This organism's scientific name refers to Nelson Mandela. The word mandelai refers to Nelson Mandela. So, this squat lobster's scientific name is Munidopsis mandelai.
When a scientist identifies a new organism, he or she chooses its scientific name. Sometimes, an organism is named after the place where it was first found. Other times, an organism is named after the scientist who first identified it. Or, the scientific name might describe the organism's physical traits. Many of the words that make up scientific names are based on words from old languages, like Latin and classical Greek. Sometimes, English words are changed to make them sound more like Latin or Greek. The new words are then used in an organism's scientific name. This organism's scientific name refers to Nelson Mandela. The word mandelai refers to Nelson Mandela. So, this squat lobster's scientific name is Munidopsis mandelai.
Munidopsis mandelai
3d541c80e0564b0ea9476428ae6f3eb7
validation_images/image_1220.png
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?
[ "neither; the samples have the same temperature", "sample B", "sample A" ]
2
natural science
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample A has more mass than each particle in sample B. So, the particles in sample A have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. Because the particles in sample A have the higher average kinetic energy, sample A must have the higher temperature.
sample A
156bd7ed5475441ba1220920dad0da87
validation_images/image_1221.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "repel", "attract" ]
1
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S). Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S). Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
attract
a22fb9649dff4e0393c844ae632f2665
validation_images/image_1222.png
Is calcarenite a mineral or a rock?
[ "rock", "mineral" ]
0
natural science
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property | Mineral | Rock It is a solid. | Yes | Yes It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes It is a pure substance. | Yes | No It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different!
The properties of calcarenite match the properties of a rock. So, calcarenite is a rock.
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. A rock can be made of one or more minerals. Minerals and rocks have the following properties: Property | Mineral | Rock It is a solid. | Yes | Yes It is formed in nature. | Yes | Yes It is not made by organisms. | Yes | Yes It is a pure substance. | Yes | No It has a fixed crystal structure. | Yes | No You can use these properties to tell whether a substance is a mineral, a rock, or neither. Look closely at the last three properties: Minerals and rocks are not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals or rocks. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories are not minerals or rocks. A mineral is a pure substance, but a rock is not. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. Minerals are pure substances, but rocks are not. Instead, all rocks are mixtures. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure, but a rock does not. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms and molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. However, rocks do not have a fixed crystal structure. So, the arrangement of atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of rock may be different! The properties of calcarenite match the properties of a rock. So, calcarenite is a rock.
rock
c50ba8b05a114cdb833dbba3d9af1fff
validation_images/image_1223.png
Which better describes the Great Victoria Desert ecosystem?
[ "It has dry, thin soil. It also has only a few types of organisms.", "It has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms." ]
1
natural science
An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there
A desert is a type of ecosystem. Deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the Great Victoria Desert has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms.
An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there A desert is a type of ecosystem. Deserts have the following features: a small amount of rain, dry, thin soil, and many different types of organisms. So, the Great Victoria Desert has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms.
It has dry, thin soil. It also has many different types of organisms.
28ef8df6e05b483b901101800b1e7af5
validation_images/image_1224.png
Is iodine a solid, a liquid, or a gas?
[ "a liquid", "a solid", "a gas" ]
0
natural science
Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas.
Iodine is a liquid you can use to clean a cut. If you pour iodine into a different container, it will take the shape of that container. But the iodine will still take up the same amount of space.
Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids are thicker than others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. The oxygen you breathe is a gas. The helium in a balloon is also a gas. Iodine is a liquid you can use to clean a cut. If you pour iodine into a different container, it will take the shape of that container. But the iodine will still take up the same amount of space.
a liquid
c1e25275b1884b59ad41377f3c135d7b
validation_images/image_1225.png
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1." ]
2
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.
61d95a7da1964993bfaab6bdd9f690ca
validation_images/image_1226.png
Which of these states is farthest south?
[ "Wyoming", "Washington", "North Dakota", "Maine" ]
0
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Wyoming is farthest south.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the south arrow is pointing. Wyoming is farthest south.
Wyoming
44272c786b3645bc9ac81d0026f5a4c8
validation_images/image_1227.png
Select the organism in the same species as the maroon clownfish.
[ "Diodon hystrix", "Halichoeres hortulanus", "Premnas biaculeatus" ]
2
natural science
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A maroon clownfish's scientific name is Premnas biaculeatus. Premnas biaculeatus has the same scientific name as a maroon clownfish. So, these organisms are in the same species. Diodon hystrix does not have the same scientific name as a maroon clownfish. So, Premnas biaculeatus and Diodon hystrix are not in the same species. Halichoeres hortulanus does not have the same scientific name as a maroon clownfish. So, Premnas biaculeatus and Halichoeres hortulanus are not in the same species.
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A maroon clownfish's scientific name is Premnas biaculeatus. Premnas biaculeatus has the same scientific name as a maroon clownfish. So, these organisms are in the same species. Diodon hystrix does not have the same scientific name as a maroon clownfish. So, Premnas biaculeatus and Diodon hystrix are not in the same species. Halichoeres hortulanus does not have the same scientific name as a maroon clownfish. So, Premnas biaculeatus and Halichoeres hortulanus are not in the same species.
Premnas biaculeatus
cbfe9b0bf2a54c8aa615535057515ebf
validation_images/image_1228.png
In this food chain, the weakfish is a tertiary consumer. Why?
[ "It eats a secondary consumer.", "It eats a tertiary consumer.", "It makes its own food." ]
0
natural science
Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food. The food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer. Consumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain: A primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain. A secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain. A tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain. A top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer!
In this food chain, the weakfish is a tertiary consumer because it eats a secondary consumer. The secondary consumer in this food chain is the butterfish.
Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food. The food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer. Consumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain: A primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain. A secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain. A tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain. A top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer! In this food chain, the weakfish is a tertiary consumer because it eats a secondary consumer. The secondary consumer in this food chain is the butterfish.
It eats a secondary consumer.
b6294d9b55de4cae8c915fc004921068
validation_images/image_1229.png
Which animal's skin is better adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth?
[ "armadillo lizard", "European robin" ]
0
natural science
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.
Look at the picture of the giant pangolin. The giant pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the giant pangolin. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The armadillo lizard has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The European robin has soft feathers covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the giant pangolin. The giant pangolin has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The scales make it difficult for predators to hurt or kill the giant pangolin. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The armadillo lizard has hard scales on its skin. Its skin is adapted for protection against a predator with sharp teeth. The European robin has soft feathers covering its skin. Its skin is not adapted for protection against predators with sharp teeth.
armadillo lizard
59bb7c54248b439fa40fc748975b00fd
validation_images/image_1230.png
What is the expected ratio of offspring that have myotonia congenita to offspring that do not have myotonia congenita? Choose the most likely ratio.
[ "1:3", "2:2", "3:1", "0:4", "4:0" ]
4
natural science
Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.
To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have myotonia congenita, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the myotonia congenita trait. The question tells you that the m allele, which is for not having myotonia congenita, is recessive to the M allele, which is for having myotonia congenita. Having myotonia congenita is the dominant allele's version of the myotonia congenita trait. A goat with the dominant version of the myotonia congenita trait must have at least one dominant allele for the myotonia congenita gene. So, offspring that have myotonia congenita must have the genotype MM or Mm. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype MM or Mm. Not having myotonia congenita is the recessive allele's version of the myotonia congenita trait. A goat with the recessive version of the myotonia congenita trait must have only recessive alleles for the myotonia congenita gene. So, offspring that do not have myotonia congenita must have the genotype mm. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype mm. So, the expected ratio of offspring that have myotonia congenita to offspring that do not have myotonia congenita is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring that have myotonia congenita. This cross is expected to never produce offspring that do not have myotonia congenita.
Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2. To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring that do or do not have myotonia congenita, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the myotonia congenita trait. The question tells you that the m allele, which is for not having myotonia congenita, is recessive to the M allele, which is for having myotonia congenita. Having myotonia congenita is the dominant allele's version of the myotonia congenita trait. A goat with the dominant version of the myotonia congenita trait must have at least one dominant allele for the myotonia congenita gene. So, offspring that have myotonia congenita must have the genotype MM or Mm. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype MM or Mm. Not having myotonia congenita is the recessive allele's version of the myotonia congenita trait. A goat with the recessive version of the myotonia congenita trait must have only recessive alleles for the myotonia congenita gene. So, offspring that do not have myotonia congenita must have the genotype mm. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype mm. So, the expected ratio of offspring that have myotonia congenita to offspring that do not have myotonia congenita is 4:0. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will always produce offspring that have myotonia congenita. This cross is expected to never produce offspring that do not have myotonia congenita.
4:0
8b37306b2398425dacc63f594339d9a1
validation_images/image_1231.png
Select the mammal below.
[ "giraffe", "American bullfrog" ]
0
natural science
Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
An American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. An American bullfrog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. A giraffe is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk.
giraffe
2097e395caa1462d86aa97079074305d
validation_images/image_1232.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "attract", "repel" ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is labeled N, and the south pole is labeled S. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Opposite poles attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
attract
ed8e48cb7c9b478cabd5fbefff5dae47
validation_images/image_1233.png
Select the amphibian below.
[ "clownfish", "red-spotted newt" ]
1
natural science
Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification.
A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
Birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, and amphibians are groups of animals. The animals in each group have traits in common. Scientists sort animals into groups based on traits they have in common. This process is called classification. A clownfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. A red-spotted newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water.
red-spotted newt
d963f7553e31464abebc06d4d1cb2fce
validation_images/image_1234.png
Which property do these three objects have in common?
[ "fuzzy", "salty", "hard" ]
0
natural science
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The socks and the stuffed dice are not hard. Potato chips have a salty taste. The kiwi is not salty. The property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A fuzzy object is covered in soft hair. All three objects are fuzzy. A hard object does not change shape when pressed or squeezed. The socks and the stuffed dice are not hard. Potato chips have a salty taste. The kiwi is not salty. The property that all three objects have in common is fuzzy.
fuzzy
19abb9168c4348daa72c59b13316297e
validation_images/image_1235.png
Which is this organism's common name?
[ "Caprimulgus europaeus", "European nightjar" ]
1
natural science
An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
Caprimulgus europaeus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Caprimulgus europaeus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that European nightjar is the common name.
An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Caprimulgus europaeus is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, it is the scientific name. Caprimulgus europaeus is the organism's scientific name. So, you know that European nightjar is the common name.
European nightjar
6d2adec5f2f147bc891d100930e09491
validation_images/image_1236.png
Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in the snow?
[ "camel", "snowy owl" ]
1
natural science
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.
Look at the picture of the ptarmigan. During the winter, the ptarmigan has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The snowy owl has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the ptarmigan. During the winter, the ptarmigan has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The snowy owl has white feathers covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in the snow. The camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in the snow.
snowy owl
071bd0ed90bd49f990b06bcfae600a3f
validation_images/image_1237.png
Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places?
[ "fire salamander", "caribou" ]
1
natural science
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.
Look at the picture of the Arctic fox. The Arctic fox has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic fox uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The fire salamander has thin, moist skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators. Look at the picture of the Arctic fox. The Arctic fox has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The Arctic fox uses its fur to keep warm in cold weather. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. During the winter, the caribou has thick fur covering its skin. Its skin is adapted for survival in cold places. The fire salamander has thin, moist skin. Its skin is not adapted for survival in cold places.
caribou
6751594e3fab47a5a9fafbcb692f91e2
validation_images/image_1238.png
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]
1
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.
Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.
3fa0ec71c49943e7b82cb6986b6d976e
validation_images/image_1239.png
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?
[ "sample B", "sample A", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]
0
natural science
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
sample B
2a56c1cf05f94e64b30a9ee957be29b8
validation_images/image_1240.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "attract", "repel" ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
attract
47e8b97e260d4be69640238950e39b17
validation_images/image_1241.png
Is chrysotile a mineral?
[ "yes", "no" ]
0
natural science
Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way.
Chrysotile has all the properties of a mineral. So, chrysotile is a mineral.
Properties are used to identify different substances. Minerals have the following properties: It is a solid. It is formed in nature. It is not made by organisms. It is a pure substance. It has a fixed crystal structure. If a substance has all five of these properties, then it is a mineral. Look closely at the last three properties: A mineral is not made by organisms. Organisms make their own body parts. For example, snails and clams make their shells. Because they are made by organisms, body parts cannot be minerals. Humans are organisms too. So, substances that humans make by hand or in factories cannot be minerals. A mineral is a pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of matter. All minerals are pure substances. A mineral has a fixed crystal structure. The crystal structure of a substance tells you how the atoms or molecules in the substance are arranged. Different types of minerals have different crystal structures, but all minerals have a fixed crystal structure. This means that the atoms or molecules in different pieces of the same type of mineral are always arranged the same way. Chrysotile has all the properties of a mineral. So, chrysotile is a mineral.
yes
be70e0b3a3e54525bd6322208a7da1a9
validation_images/image_1242.png
In this food chain, the red fox is a tertiary consumer. Why?
[ "It eats a secondary consumer.", "It makes its own food.", "It eats a primary consumer." ]
0
natural science
Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food. The food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer. Consumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain: A primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain. A secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain. A tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain. A top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer!
In this food chain, the red fox is a tertiary consumer because it eats a secondary consumer. The secondary consumer in this food chain is the deer mouse.
Every organism needs food to stay alive. Organisms get their food in different ways. A food chain shows how organisms in an ecosystem get their food. The food chain begins with the producer. A producer can change matter that is not food into food. Many producers use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make sugar. Carbon dioxide and water are not food, but sugar is food for the producer. Consumers eat other organisms. There can be several kinds of consumers in a food chain: A primary consumer eats producers. The word primary tells you that this is the first consumer in a food chain. A secondary consumer eats primary consumers. The word secondary tells you that this is the second consumer in a food chain. A tertiary consumer eats secondary consumers. The word tertiary tells you that this is the third consumer in a food chain. A top consumer is the animal at the top of a food chain. Food chains can have different numbers of organisms. For example, when there are four organisms in the chain, the top consumer is the tertiary consumer. But if there are five organisms in the chain, the top consumer eats the tertiary consumer! In this food chain, the red fox is a tertiary consumer because it eats a secondary consumer. The secondary consumer in this food chain is the deer mouse.
It eats a secondary consumer.
45359b0a4d224772907593595eb4831e
validation_images/image_1243.png
Is a rock a solid or a liquid?
[ "a liquid", "a solid" ]
1
natural science
Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
A rock is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Rocks come in many different sizes.
Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. A rock is a solid. A solid has a size and shape of its own. Rocks come in many different sizes.
a solid
674791ba262e4648a67d0873d3870d38
validation_images/image_1244.png
Which of these states is farthest north?
[ "Utah", "Kansas", "New Hampshire", "Illinois" ]
2
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. New Hampshire is farthest north.
New Hampshire
003c713dacfb462dbceee39c2ce7819f
validation_images/image_1245.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "attract", "repel" ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
attract
aedf0ccb6a4d4a248a6c73f5e6c47c84
validation_images/image_1246.png
Which of these states is farthest north?
[ "Florida", "Vermont", "Virginia", "Utah" ]
1
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Vermont is farthest north.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the north arrow is pointing. Vermont is farthest north.
Vermont
604e2e79cb9f469eb7a21cf24b92c0e9
validation_images/image_1247.png
Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?
[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]
0
natural science
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.
Solution B
9928eb0cd4b64b57b178e9fda927dd45
validation_images/image_1248.png
Select the organism in the same species as the great egret.
[ "Ardea alba", "Tyto alba", "Lynx lynx" ]
0
natural science
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A great egret's scientific name is Ardea alba. Lynx lynx does not have the same scientific name as a great egret. So, Ardea alba and Lynx lynx are not in the same species. Tyto alba does have the same species within its genus as a great egret, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species. Ardea alba has the same scientific name as a great egret. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A great egret's scientific name is Ardea alba. Lynx lynx does not have the same scientific name as a great egret. So, Ardea alba and Lynx lynx are not in the same species. Tyto alba does have the same species within its genus as a great egret, but they are not in the same genus! They do not have the same scientific name as each other. So, these organisms are not in the same species. Ardea alba has the same scientific name as a great egret. So, these organisms are in the same species.
Ardea alba
5dc5877c600549d0b99bfdf8f21ee17b
validation_images/image_1249.png
Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?
[ "ethos (character)", "logos (reason)", "pathos (emotion)" ]
0
language science
The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals. Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following: say that a brand has been trusted for many years include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following: use graphs or charts to display information cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies explain the science behind a product or service emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice anticipate and refute potential counterclaims Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following: trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury
The ad appeals to ethos, or character, by emphasizing the long history of the credit union and implying its reliability.
The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals. Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following: say that a brand has been trusted for many years include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following: use graphs or charts to display information cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies explain the science behind a product or service emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice anticipate and refute potential counterclaims Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following: trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to ethos, or character, by emphasizing the long history of the credit union and implying its reliability.
ethos (character)
d28cb606499947d29b0b3fddf1ad2c54
validation_images/image_1250.png
What is the expected ratio of offspring with straight ears to offspring with curled ears? Choose the most likely ratio.
[ "3:1", "0:4", "1:3", "4:0", "2:2" ]
1
natural science
Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.
To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with straight ears or curled ears, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for curled ears, is dominant over the e allele, which is for straight ears. Straight ears is the recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. An American curl cat with the recessive version of the ear type trait must have only recessive alleles for the ear type gene. So, offspring with straight ears must have the genotype ee. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee. Curled ears is the dominant allele's version of the ear type trait. An American curl cat with the dominant version of the ear type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ear type gene. So, offspring with curled ears must have the genotype EE or Ee. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee. So, the expected ratio of offspring with straight ears to offspring with curled ears is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with straight ears. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with curled ears.
Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2. To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with straight ears or curled ears, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. The question tells you that the E allele, which is for curled ears, is dominant over the e allele, which is for straight ears. Straight ears is the recessive allele's version of the ear type trait. An American curl cat with the recessive version of the ear type trait must have only recessive alleles for the ear type gene. So, offspring with straight ears must have the genotype ee. There are 0 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype ee. Curled ears is the dominant allele's version of the ear type trait. An American curl cat with the dominant version of the ear type trait must have at least one dominant allele for the ear type gene. So, offspring with curled ears must have the genotype EE or Ee. All 4 boxes in the Punnett square have the genotype EE or Ee. So, the expected ratio of offspring with straight ears to offspring with curled ears is 0:4. This means that, based on the Punnett square, this cross will never produce offspring with straight ears. Instead, this cross is expected to always produce offspring with curled ears.
0:4
b0f8429a4c544441a3527bcca9ba32b8
validation_images/image_1251.png
Which of these states is farthest west?
[ "Wyoming", "New Jersey", "California", "Connecticut" ]
2
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. California is farthest west.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. California is farthest west.
California
a1ebf0a715f34490a2b928c098f10b9c
validation_images/image_1252.png
What type of rock is limestone?
[ "metamorphic", "sedimentary" ]
1
natural science
Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by heating and squeezing. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment. Ocean sediment is made up of mud and the shells of marine organisms. The sediment usually builds up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock can form when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock.
Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by heating and squeezing. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties. Limestone is a sedimentary rock. Like other sedimentary rocks, it forms from layers of sediment. Ocean sediment is made up of mud and the shells of marine organisms. The sediment usually builds up in layers. Over time, the top layers press down on the bottom layers. Sedimentary rock can form when the bottom layers are pressed together to form rock.
sedimentary
507ea9a814d9457498f0e92471b2a09d
validation_images/image_1253.png
Which of these states is farthest west?
[ "Kansas", "Kentucky", "Oregon", "Arizona" ]
2
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west.
Oregon
a54735734a2f4a0b9a35ea3a9de39551
validation_images/image_1254.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "repel", "attract" ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
repel
511df97d34db4f199a9e024535348298
validation_images/image_1255.png
Which animal's feet are also adapted for walking on large, floating leaves?
[ "ostrich", "purple gallinule" ]
1
natural science
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground.
Look at the picture of the African jacana. The African jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The purple gallinule has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves. The ostrich has large, heavy feet with thick toes. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The ostrich uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.
An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The shape of an animal's feet is one example of an adaptation. Animals' feet can be adapted in different ways. For example, webbed feet might help an animal swim. Feet with thick fur might help an animal walk on cold, snowy ground. Look at the picture of the African jacana. The African jacana uses its toes to spread its weight out over a large area. This can help it walk on leaves without sinking into the water. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The purple gallinule has long, thin toes on its feet. Its feet are adapted for walking on floating leaves. The ostrich has large, heavy feet with thick toes. Its feet are not adapted for walking on floating leaves. The ostrich uses its feet to walk and run on hard ground.
purple gallinule
cb846671d3aa4b8cb6a2f94518b8c33d
validation_images/image_1256.png
What is the expected ratio of offspring with a black coat to offspring with a spotted coat? Choose the most likely ratio.
[ "0:4", "1:3", "3:1", "4:0", "2:2" ]
1
natural science
Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2.
To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a black coat or a spotted coat, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. The question tells you that the A allele, which is for a spotted coat, is dominant over the a allele, which is for a black coat. A black coat is the recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A leopard with the recessive version of the coat pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with a black coat must have the genotype aa. There is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype aa. This box is highlighted below. A spotted coat is the dominant allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A leopard with the dominant version of the coat pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with a spotted coat must have the genotype AA or Aa. There are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype AA or Aa. These boxes are highlighted below. So, the expected ratio of offspring with a black coat to offspring with a spotted coat is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with a black coat for every 3 offspring with a spotted coat.
Offspring phenotypes: dominant or recessive? How do you determine an organism's phenotype for a trait? Look at the combination of alleles in the organism's genotype for the gene that affects that trait. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of the trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. If an organism's genotype has at least one dominant allele for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the dominant allele's version of the gene's trait. If an organism's genotype has only recessive alleles for a gene, the organism's phenotype will be the recessive allele's version of the gene's trait. A Punnett square shows what types of offspring a cross can produce. The expected ratio of offspring types compares how often the cross produces each type of offspring, on average. To write this ratio, count the number of boxes in the Punnett square representing each type. For example, consider the Punnett square below. | F | f F | FF | Ff f | Ff | ff There is 1 box with the genotype FF and 2 boxes with the genotype Ff. So, the expected ratio of offspring with the genotype FF to those with Ff is 1:2. To determine how many boxes in the Punnett square represent offspring with a black coat or a spotted coat, consider whether each phenotype is the dominant or recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. The question tells you that the A allele, which is for a spotted coat, is dominant over the a allele, which is for a black coat. A black coat is the recessive allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A leopard with the recessive version of the coat pattern trait must have only recessive alleles for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with a black coat must have the genotype aa. There is 1 box in the Punnett square with the genotype aa. This box is highlighted below. A spotted coat is the dominant allele's version of the coat pattern trait. A leopard with the dominant version of the coat pattern trait must have at least one dominant allele for the coat pattern gene. So, offspring with a spotted coat must have the genotype AA or Aa. There are 3 boxes in the Punnett square with the genotype AA or Aa. These boxes are highlighted below. So, the expected ratio of offspring with a black coat to offspring with a spotted coat is 1:3. This means that, on average, this cross will produce 1 offspring with a black coat for every 3 offspring with a spotted coat.
1:3
d13c6c2711154e1fb53eef24f57454b7
validation_images/image_1257.png
Complete the statement. Ferrous oxide is ().
[ "an elementary substance", "a compound" ]
1
natural science
There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide. In a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance.
Use the model to determine whether ferrous oxide is an elementary substance or a compound. Step 1: Interpret the model. . Use the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model. You can see from the model that ferrous oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and iron atoms bonded together. Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound. You know from Step 1 that ferrous oxide is composed of two chemical elements: oxygen and iron. Since ferrous oxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ferrous oxide is a compound.
There are more than 100 different chemical elements, or types of atoms. Chemical elements make up all of the substances around you. A substance may be composed of one chemical element or multiple chemical elements. Substances that are composed of only one chemical element are elementary substances. Substances that are composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together are compounds. Every chemical element is represented by its own atomic symbol. An atomic symbol may consist of one capital letter, or it may consist of a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter. For example, the atomic symbol for the chemical element fluorine is F, and the atomic symbol for the chemical element beryllium is Be. Scientists use different types of models to represent substances whose atoms are bonded in different ways. One type of model is a space-filling model. The space-filling model below represents the compound rubidium bromide. In a space-filling model, the balls represent atoms that are bonded together. Notice that the balls in the model above are not all the same color. Each color represents a different chemical element. The legend shows the color and the atomic symbol for each chemical element in the substance. Use the model to determine whether ferrous oxide is an elementary substance or a compound. Step 1: Interpret the model. . Use the legend to determine the chemical element represented by each color. The colors and atomic symbols from the legend are shown in the table below. The table also includes the names of the chemical elements represented in the model. You can see from the model that ferrous oxide is composed of oxygen atoms and iron atoms bonded together. Step 2: Determine whether the substance is an elementary substance or a compound. You know from Step 1 that ferrous oxide is composed of two chemical elements: oxygen and iron. Since ferrous oxide is composed of multiple chemical elements bonded together, ferrous oxide is a compound.
a compound
e4c07e7418414081836d42e37bbb4d9a
validation_images/image_1258.png
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1." ]
2
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.
The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.
The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.
85c0d40553b8483b9ec384290681d72a
validation_images/image_1259.png
Based on the table, Anansi is from which tradition?
[ "West African", "Native American" ]
0
language science
A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.
In a table, each cell gives information related to its row and column. This table shows different trickster figures from folktales and myths around the world. Look in the Trickster figure column and find Anansi. Then, follow the row to the right to see which tradition Anansi is from. The right column tells you that Anansi is from West African traditions.
A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing. In a table, each cell gives information related to its row and column. This table shows different trickster figures from folktales and myths around the world. Look in the Trickster figure column and find Anansi. Then, follow the row to the right to see which tradition Anansi is from. The right column tells you that Anansi is from West African traditions.
West African
3da81ffd97b546d7bb58dbc5eeccbf44
validation_images/image_1260.png
Which property do these three objects have in common?
[ "colorful", "transparent", "rough" ]
2
natural science
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.
Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent. A colorful object has one or more bright colors. None of the objects are colorful. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough. The property that all three objects have in common is rough.
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. You can see clearly through a transparent object. None of the objects are transparent. A colorful object has one or more bright colors. None of the objects are colorful. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. All three objects are rough. The property that all three objects have in common is rough.
rough
d3fcf7b1ebc144389db1f58083e00e65
validation_images/image_1261.png
In this experiment, which were part of an experimental group?
[ "the snowboards with wax added", "the snowboards with wax removed" ]
0
natural science
Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome. For example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment: You grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group. You grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group. By comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height.
In this experiment, Justine and Tanner investigated whether adding wax to snowboards affects their speed. So, the snowboards with wax added were part of an experimental group. There was no wax on the snowboards with wax removed. So, they were not part of an experimental group.
Experiments have variables, or parts that change. You can design an experiment to investigate whether changing a variable between different groups has a specific outcome. For example, imagine you want to find out whether adding fertilizer to soil affects the height of pea plants. You could investigate this question with the following experiment: You grow one group of pea plants in soil with fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. This group shows you what happens when fertilizer is added to soil. Since fertilizer is the variable whose effect you are investigating, this group is an experimental group. You grow another group of pea plants in soil without fertilizer and measure the height of the plants. Since this group shows you what happens when fertilizer is not added to the soil, it is a control group. By comparing the results from the experimental group to the results from the control group, you can conclude whether adding fertilizer to the soil affects pea plant height. In this experiment, Justine and Tanner investigated whether adding wax to snowboards affects their speed. So, the snowboards with wax added were part of an experimental group. There was no wax on the snowboards with wax removed. So, they were not part of an experimental group.
the snowboards with wax added
eed59bea24484ec6a413e6807fb93e40
validation_images/image_1262.png
Which i in column 2?
[ "the police department", "the grocery store", "the restaurant", "the park" ]
0
social science
A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map. A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters. A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.
The police department is in column 2.
A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map. A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters. A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The police department is in column 2.
the police department
885960af2b9e4507b681e7cf6896296f
validation_images/image_1263.png
Which i in column 1?
[ "the police department", "the gas station", "the diner", "the theater" ]
0
social science
A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map. A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters. A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.
The police department is in column 1.
A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map. A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters. A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers. The police department is in column 1.
the police department
2d884fdd768245c080d889229b9b84a9
validation_images/image_1264.png
In this food web, which organism contains matter that eventually moves to the sea cucumber?
[ "zooplankton", "kelp bass" ]
0
natural science
A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.
Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the sea cucumber. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the bat star. No arrows point from the bat star to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp bass to the sea cucumber.There is one path matter can take from the orca to the sea cucumber: orca->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the sea otter to the sea cucumber: sea otter->orca->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the zooplankton to the sea cucumber: zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->sea cucumber.
A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the sea cucumber. The only arrow pointing from the kelp bass leads to the bat star. No arrows point from the bat star to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the kelp bass to the sea cucumber.There is one path matter can take from the orca to the sea cucumber: orca->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the sea otter to the sea cucumber: sea otter->orca->sea cucumber. There is one path matter can take from the zooplankton to the sea cucumber: zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->sea cucumber.
zooplankton
efbdab5f90564fce85897c93424f326e
validation_images/image_1265.png
Which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles?
[ "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A", "Solution B" ]
2
natural science
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the pink particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of pink particles, look at both the number of pink particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of pink particles per milliliter. Solution B has more pink particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of pink particles.
Solution B
27a573bb9e464f51846428c3c9a9e5ae
validation_images/image_1266.png
Which property do these four objects have in common?
[ "soft", "slippery", "shiny" ]
0
natural science
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.
Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The stuffed rabbit and the yarn pom pom are not slippery. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The stuffed rabbit is not shiny. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft. The property that all four objects have in common is soft.
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. The stuffed rabbit and the yarn pom pom are not slippery. A shiny object reflects a lot of light. You can usually see your reflection in a shiny object. The stuffed rabbit is not shiny. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. All four objects are soft. The property that all four objects have in common is soft.
soft
f8bbda92410e4db0a04be2527bcdf5b7
validation_images/image_1267.png
Is a knife a solid or a liquid?
[ "a liquid", "a solid" ]
1
natural science
Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
A knife is a solid. You can bend a knife. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.
Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. A knife is a solid. You can bend a knife. But it will still have a size and shape of its own.
a solid
d599a600fd0b447f85bbecd8061d36cd
validation_images/image_1268.png
Which continent is highlighted?
[ "North America", "Antarctica", "Europe", "Africa" ]
1
social science
A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth.
This continent is Antarctica.
A continent is one of the seven largest areas of land on earth. This continent is Antarctica.
Antarctica
f940497728ce43b0bb4d547cc3fb02df
validation_images/image_1269.png
Is Victoria amazonica made up of one cell?
[ "yes", "no" ]
1
natural science
In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes
Victoria amazonica is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.
In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Victoria amazonica is a plant. Plants are made up of many cells.
no
01337997f6934b5a906d01a1184d8507
validation_images/image_1270.png
Which statement describes the Gran Sabana ecosystem?
[ "It has cool summers and long, cold winters.", "It has a rainy season and a dry season." ]
1
natural science
An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there
A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Gran Sabana ecosystem: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has a rainy season and a dry season. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statement does not describe the Gran Sabana: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has cool summers and long, cold winters.
An environment includes all of the biotic, or living, and abiotic, or nonliving, things in an area. An ecosystem is created by the relationships that form among the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment. There are many different types of terrestrial, or land-based, ecosystems. Here are some ways in which terrestrial ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil the organisms that live there A savanna grassland is a type of ecosystem. Savanna grasslands have the following features: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. So, the following statements describe the Gran Sabana ecosystem: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has a rainy season and a dry season. It has soil that is poor in nutrients. The following statement does not describe the Gran Sabana: warm summers and warm winters, a rainy season and a dry season, and soil that is poor in nutrients. It has cool summers and long, cold winters.
It has a rainy season and a dry season.
4af4fd635fc441e09b91d62e89957daa
validation_images/image_1271.png
Select the organism in the same genus as the western crowned pigeon.
[ "Agalychnis callidryas", "Hystrix cristata", "Goura cristata" ]
2
natural science
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A western crowned pigeon's scientific name is Goura cristata. The first word of its scientific name is Goura. This organism and the western crowned pigeon are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Goura cristata. Agalychnis callidryas is in the genus Agalychnis. The first word of its scientific name is Agalychnis. So, Agalychnis callidryas and Goura cristata are not in the same genus. Hystrix cristata and Goura cristata are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Hystrix cristata and Goura cristata have the same species name within their genus, cristata. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix, and Goura cristata is in the genus Goura.
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A western crowned pigeon's scientific name is Goura cristata. The first word of its scientific name is Goura. This organism and the western crowned pigeon are in the same genus and the same species! Both organisms have the same scientific name, Goura cristata. Agalychnis callidryas is in the genus Agalychnis. The first word of its scientific name is Agalychnis. So, Agalychnis callidryas and Goura cristata are not in the same genus. Hystrix cristata and Goura cristata are not in the same genus. These organisms are not in the same genus, but part of their scientific names is the same. Hystrix cristata and Goura cristata have the same species name within their genus, cristata. But the first words of their scientific names are different. Hystrix cristata is in the genus Hystrix, and Goura cristata is in the genus Goura.
Goura cristata
e37a8ee34242466bb82b883a4ac76e4c
validation_images/image_1272.png
Which property matches this object?
[ "smooth", "sticky" ]
0
natural science
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells.
Look at the object. Think about each property. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The metal paper clip is smooth. A sticky object can stick to other things. The metal paper clip is not sticky.
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Look at the object. Think about each property. A smooth object is not scratchy or rough. The metal paper clip is smooth. A sticky object can stick to other things. The metal paper clip is not sticky.
smooth
b0096ccf5e044a80abf74bbf8f512433
validation_images/image_1273.png
Which continent is highlighted?
[ "Europe", "Australia", "North America", "South America" ]
1
social science
A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents.
This continent is Australia.
A continent is one of the major land masses on the earth. Most people say there are seven continents. This continent is Australia.
Australia
2fda002ab0024da4a33c6b623e424f9d
validation_images/image_1274.png
Which of the following organisms is the primary consumer in this food web?
[ "water flea", "black crappie", "water mold" ]
0
natural science
A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.
Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The rotifer has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is a producer, so the rotifer is a primary consumer. The water flea has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is a producer, so the water flea is a primary consumer. The black crappie has arrows pointing to it from the water flea, the rotifer, and the shiner. None of these organisms is a produce, so the black crappie is not a primary consumer. The water mold has an arrow pointing to it from the black crappie. The black crappie is not a producer, so the water mold is not a primary consumer.
A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web. Primary consumers eat producers. So, in a food web, primary consumers have arrows pointing to them from producers. The rotifer has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is a producer, so the rotifer is a primary consumer. The water flea has an arrow pointing to it from the green algae. The green algae is a producer, so the water flea is a primary consumer. The black crappie has arrows pointing to it from the water flea, the rotifer, and the shiner. None of these organisms is a produce, so the black crappie is not a primary consumer. The water mold has an arrow pointing to it from the black crappie. The black crappie is not a producer, so the water mold is not a primary consumer.
water flea
f161eaadd1ff48a39c2e349d5d626fdc
validation_images/image_1275.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "repel", "attract" ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S). Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
Magnets can pull or push on other magnets without touching them. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes are called magnetic forces. Magnetic forces are strongest at the magnets' poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles: a north pole (N) and a south pole (S). Here are some examples of magnets. Their poles are shown in different colors and labeled. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles. If opposite poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same, or like, poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. To predict if these magnets will attract or repel, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the north pole of the other magnet. Like poles repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.
repel
c8a559dd89b946239615a4b0a51c5253
validation_images/image_1276.png
Which of these states is farthest west?
[ "Connecticut", "New Jersey", "North Dakota", "Maryland" ]
2
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.
North Dakota
810b14caeffc4154ace129d13abad544
validation_images/image_1277.png
Is grape juice a solid or a liquid?
[ "a solid", "a liquid" ]
1
natural science
Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid.
Grape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.
Solid and liquid are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a shape of its own. Some solids can be bent or broken easily. Others are hard to bend or break. A glass cup is a solid. A sock is also a solid. When matter is a liquid, it takes the shape of its container. Think about pouring a liquid from a cup into a bottle. The shape of the liquid is different in the cup than in the bottle. But the liquid still takes up the same amount of space. Juice is a liquid. Honey is also a liquid. Grape juice is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour grape juice into a different container, the grape juice will take the shape of that container. But the grape juice will still take up the same amount of space.
a liquid
6b364e6e78b341ef864e1b2a253bf1e4
validation_images/image_1278.png
Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?
[ "climate", "weather" ]
0
natural science
The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.
Read the passage carefully. Washington, D.C., is located on the East Coast of the United States. December, January, and February are often cold and snowy each year. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of precipitation in Washington, D.C. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.
The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures. Read the passage carefully. Washington, D.C., is located on the East Coast of the United States. December, January, and February are often cold and snowy each year. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual pattern of precipitation in Washington, D.C. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.
climate
9334019f375e4ccd905f1c8c18be4ac1
validation_images/image_1279.png
Select the organism in the same genus as the mountain zebra.
[ "Cervus canadensis", "Equus quagga", "Macropus rufus" ]
1
natural science
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A mountain zebra's scientific name is Equus zebra. The first word of its scientific name is Equus. Macropus rufus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus rufus and Equus zebra are not in the same genus. Cervus canadensis is in the genus Cervus. The first word of its scientific name is Cervus. So, Cervus canadensis and Equus zebra are not in the same genus. Equus quagga is in the genus Equus. The first word of its scientific name is Equus. So, Equus quagga and Equus zebra are in the same genus.
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A mountain zebra's scientific name is Equus zebra. The first word of its scientific name is Equus. Macropus rufus is in the genus Macropus. The first word of its scientific name is Macropus. So, Macropus rufus and Equus zebra are not in the same genus. Cervus canadensis is in the genus Cervus. The first word of its scientific name is Cervus. So, Cervus canadensis and Equus zebra are not in the same genus. Equus quagga is in the genus Equus. The first word of its scientific name is Equus. So, Equus quagga and Equus zebra are in the same genus.
Equus quagga
517e5377c6574f58855b86f53720f4f5
validation_images/image_1280.png
Which specific humidity level was measured within the outlined area shown?
[ "11 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air", "2 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air", "13 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air" ]
1
natural science
To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air. The map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg.
Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent. The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 0 and 6 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air. 2 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range. 11 and 13 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range.
To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere. For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air. The map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents. Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right. For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg. Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg. Look at the colors shown within the outlined area. Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent. The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 0 and 6 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air. 2 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range. 11 and 13 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range.
2 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air
1c95bce0ab3b4a11b5016062886685d8
validation_images/image_1281.png
Can Hevea brasiliensis cells make their own food?
[ "no", "yes" ]
1
natural science
In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes
Hevea brasiliensis is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.
In the past, scientists classified living organisms into two groups: plants and animals. Over the past 300 years, scientists have discovered many more types of organisms. Today, many scientists classify organisms into six broad groups, called kingdoms. Organisms in each kingdom have specific traits. The table below shows some traits used to describe each kingdom. | Bacteria | Archaea | Protists | Fungi | Animals | Plants How many cells do they have? | one | one | one or many | one or many | many | many Do their cells have a nucleus? | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes Can their cells make food? | some species can | some species can | some species can | no | no | yes Hevea brasiliensis is a plant. Plant cells can make their own food. Plant cells make food using photosynthesis.
yes
c3576f4c9e6248ed8a919b738ba4010d
validation_images/image_1282.png
Why might fanning eggs increase the reproductive success of a male fifteen-spined stickleback? Complete the claim below that answers this question and is best supported by the passage. Fanning eggs increases the chances that ().
[ "the male will build a nest for females to lay eggs in", "the male's offspring will become adults", "the male will spend more energy while waving his fins" ]
1
natural science
Animals increase their reproductive success when they have offspring that survive to reproduce. Animals can increase their chances of having offspring by behaving in ways that help them get partners to mate and reproduce with. These partners are called mates. For example, animals may make special sounds, perform specific dances, or show off bright colors to attract mates. Animals may also compete with each other for mates. Animals can increase the chances that their offspring will survive to reproduce by caring for and protecting them. For example, animals may feed their offspring or guard them from predators. These behaviors increase the chances that the offspring will survive to adulthood, when they can reproduce. Many behaviors can increase the chances that animals will have offspring that survive to reproduce. But the behaviors cannot guarantee that the animals will have greater reproductive success. Animals that attract or compete for mates won't always successfully mate and reproduce, and offspring that are fed and protected won't always survive to adulthood.
Look for the part of the passage that describes the effect of fanning eggs. Use this information to determine why this behavior can increase the reproductive success of the male fifteen-spined stickleback. Choice "Fifteen-spined sticklebacks are small fish that live in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Male sticklebacks build nests for their eggs. Then, the males mate with multiple females. After a male mates with a female, she lays eggs in the male's nest and then leaves. The male guards his nest until the eggs hatch. As he guards the nest, he waves his fins near the eggs for short periods of time. This behavior is called fanning." is correct. Choice "By fanning his nest, a male stickleback can help bring fresh water and nutrients to the eggs. The more frequently a male fans his eggs, the more eggs hatch." is incorrect. Choice "Choice "Fanning eggs increases the chances that the male will build a nest for females to lay eggs in." is incorrect." is incorrect. Choice "Fanning eggs does not affect whether a male builds a nest. Instead, the male builds a nest before he fans his eggs. So, the passage does not support this claim." is incorrect. Choice "Choice "Fanning eggs increases the chances that the male's offspring will become adults." is incorrect." is correct. Choice "According to the underlined text, fanning eggs helps bring fresh water and nutrients to the eggs. The more frequently a male stickleback fans his eggs, the more of his eggs hatch. This increases the chances that the male's offspring will become adults, which can increase his reproductive success." is incorrect. Choice "Choice "Fanning eggs increases the chances that the male will spend more energy while waving his fins." is incorrect." is incorrect. Choice "To increase his reproductive success, the male stickleback needs to have offspring that survive to reproduce. Spending more energy waving his fins does not directly increase the male's chances of producing offspring that survive to reproduce. So, spending more energy waving his fins is not why fanning eggs increases the male's reproductive success." is incorrect.
Animals increase their reproductive success when they have offspring that survive to reproduce. Animals can increase their chances of having offspring by behaving in ways that help them get partners to mate and reproduce with. These partners are called mates. For example, animals may make special sounds, perform specific dances, or show off bright colors to attract mates. Animals may also compete with each other for mates. Animals can increase the chances that their offspring will survive to reproduce by caring for and protecting them. For example, animals may feed their offspring or guard them from predators. These behaviors increase the chances that the offspring will survive to adulthood, when they can reproduce. Many behaviors can increase the chances that animals will have offspring that survive to reproduce. But the behaviors cannot guarantee that the animals will have greater reproductive success. Animals that attract or compete for mates won't always successfully mate and reproduce, and offspring that are fed and protected won't always survive to adulthood. Look for the part of the passage that describes the effect of fanning eggs. Use this information to determine why this behavior can increase the reproductive success of the male fifteen-spined stickleback. Choice "Fifteen-spined sticklebacks are small fish that live in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Male sticklebacks build nests for their eggs. Then, the males mate with multiple females. After a male mates with a female, she lays eggs in the male's nest and then leaves. The male guards his nest until the eggs hatch. As he guards the nest, he waves his fins near the eggs for short periods of time. This behavior is called fanning." is correct. Choice "By fanning his nest, a male stickleback can help bring fresh water and nutrients to the eggs. The more frequently a male fans his eggs, the more eggs hatch." is incorrect. Choice "Choice "Fanning eggs increases the chances that the male will build a nest for females to lay eggs in." is incorrect." is incorrect. Choice "Fanning eggs does not affect whether a male builds a nest. Instead, the male builds a nest before he fans his eggs. So, the passage does not support this claim." is incorrect. Choice "Choice "Fanning eggs increases the chances that the male's offspring will become adults." is incorrect." is correct. Choice "According to the underlined text, fanning eggs helps bring fresh water and nutrients to the eggs. The more frequently a male stickleback fans his eggs, the more of his eggs hatch. This increases the chances that the male's offspring will become adults, which can increase his reproductive success." is incorrect. Choice "Choice "Fanning eggs increases the chances that the male will spend more energy while waving his fins." is incorrect." is incorrect. Choice "To increase his reproductive success, the male stickleback needs to have offspring that survive to reproduce. Spending more energy waving his fins does not directly increase the male's chances of producing offspring that survive to reproduce. So, spending more energy waving his fins is not why fanning eggs increases the male's reproductive success." is incorrect.
the male's offspring will become adults
a0754e4aa5b94eef92733b7f3e11778e
validation_images/image_1283.png
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?
[ "sample A", "sample B", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]
1
natural science
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. The particles in both samples have the same average speed, but each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
sample B
e990ded6e5a448c3a0c749466451fc9f
validation_images/image_1284.png
Which property do these three objects have in common?
[ "translucent", "sweet", "rough" ]
0
natural science
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups.
Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Sugar has a sweet taste. The honey is sweet, but the ocean water and the wet ice cube are not. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All three objects are translucent. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. None of the objects are rough. The property that all three objects have in common is translucent.
An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. Sugar has a sweet taste. The honey is sweet, but the ocean water and the wet ice cube are not. A translucent object lets light through. But you cannot see clearly through a translucent object. All three objects are translucent. A rough object feels scratchy when you touch it. None of the objects are rough. The property that all three objects have in common is translucent.
translucent
56fae1fef73645d1bce1d2ccc4fdb74b
validation_images/image_1285.png
Which of these states is farthest west?
[ "West Virginia", "Michigan", "Delaware", "New York" ]
1
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Michigan is farthest west.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Michigan is farthest west.
Michigan
37c2395390e041f58d48c5f26a16a9f4
validation_images/image_1286.png
Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?
[ "sample A", "sample B", "neither; the samples have the same temperature" ]
1
natural science
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.
Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample B have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy. Each particle in the two samples has the same mass, but the particles in sample B have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.
sample B
fd2de6410fcb4ceba32e8a8c4b18b9f2
validation_images/image_1287.png
Select the organism in the same genus as the peregrine falcon.
[ "Falco novaeseelandiae", "Pelecanus rufescens", "Pelecanus crispus" ]
0
natural science
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur.
A peregrine falcon's scientific name is Falco peregrinus. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. Pelecanus crispus is in the genus Pelecanus. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus. So, Pelecanus crispus and Falco peregrinus are not in the same genus. Pelecanus rufescens is in the genus Pelecanus. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Falco peregrinus are not in the same genus. Falco novaeseelandiae is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco novaeseelandiae and Falco peregrinus are in the same genus.
Scientists use scientific names to identify organisms. Scientific names are made of two words. The first word in an organism's scientific name tells you the organism's genus. A genus is a group of organisms that share many traits. A genus is made up of one or more species. A species is a group of very similar organisms. The second word in an organism's scientific name tells you its species within its genus. Together, the two parts of an organism's scientific name identify its species. For example Ursus maritimus and Ursus americanus are two species of bears. They are part of the same genus, Ursus. But they are different species within the genus. Ursus maritimus has the species name maritimus. Ursus americanus has the species name americanus. Both bears have small round ears and sharp claws. But Ursus maritimus has white fur and Ursus americanus has black fur. A peregrine falcon's scientific name is Falco peregrinus. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. Pelecanus crispus is in the genus Pelecanus. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus. So, Pelecanus crispus and Falco peregrinus are not in the same genus. Pelecanus rufescens is in the genus Pelecanus. The first word of its scientific name is Pelecanus. So, Pelecanus rufescens and Falco peregrinus are not in the same genus. Falco novaeseelandiae is in the genus Falco. The first word of its scientific name is Falco. So, Falco novaeseelandiae and Falco peregrinus are in the same genus.
Falco novaeseelandiae
d7ed6f66ace743ccb4eb6f962805e014
validation_images/image_1288.png
Which better describes the Pantanal ecosystem?
[ "It has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has soil that is poor in nutrients.", "It has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby." ]
1
natural science
An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there
A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, the Pantanal has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.
An ecosystem is formed when living and nonliving things interact in an environment. There are many types of ecosystems. Here are some ways in which ecosystems can differ from each other: the pattern of weather, or climate the type of soil or water the organisms that live there A wetland is a type of ecosystem. Wetlands have the following features: land that is covered with water during most of the year, soil that is rich in nutrients, and other water ecosystems nearby. So, the Pantanal has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.
It has land that is covered with water during most of the year. It also has other water ecosystems nearby.
3357cfac0ccc4227a0a93e0ebd2ca88e
validation_images/image_1289.png
Which of these states is farthest west?
[ "North Dakota", "Ohio", "Florida", "Rhode Island" ]
0
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.
North Dakota
1553930e153b41329a2ec16bd901335e
validation_images/image_1290.png
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
[ "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.", "The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs." ]
0
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.
The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets. The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.
a8dd6cda68494b778eb637388a958b99
validation_images/image_1291.png
Which of these states is farthest east?
[ "North Dakota", "Oregon", "Texas", "Mississippi" ]
3
social science
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.
To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Mississippi is farthest east.
Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map. To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the east arrow is pointing. Mississippi is farthest east.
Mississippi
20c69fae25734100b09d4eb2e6232134
validation_images/image_1292.png
Is caramel sauce a solid, a liquid, or a gas?
[ "a gas", "a solid", "a liquid" ]
2
natural science
Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas.
Caramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space.
Solid, liquid, and gas are states of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter can come in different states, or forms. When matter is a solid, it has a definite volume and a definite shape. So, a solid has a size and shape of its own. Some solids can be easily folded, bent, or broken. A piece of paper is a solid. Also, some solids are very small. A grain of sand is a solid. When matter is a liquid, it has a definite volume but not a definite shape. So, a liquid has a size of its own, but it does not have a shape of its own. Think about pouring juice from a bottle into a cup. The juice still takes up the same amount of space, but it takes the shape of the bottle. Some liquids do not pour as easily as others. Honey and milk are both liquids. But pouring honey takes more time than pouring milk. When matter is a gas, it does not have a definite volume or a definite shape. A gas expands, or gets bigger, until it completely fills a space. A gas can also get smaller if it is squeezed into a smaller space. Many gases are invisible. Air is a gas. Caramel sauce is a liquid. A liquid takes the shape of any container it is in. If you pour caramel sauce into a container, the caramel sauce will take the shape of that container. But the caramel sauce will still take up the same amount of space.
a liquid
81ff16797ae14f4398142b177bbc1cab
validation_images/image_1293.png
Which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles?
[ "Solution B", "neither; their concentrations are the same", "Solution A" ]
2
natural science
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent
In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.
A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution A has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution A has a higher concentration of yellow particles.
Solution A
a0b905675a5f4a6cab62f4927523dfc4
validation_images/image_1294.png
What is the direction of this pull?
[ "away from the boat", "toward the boat" ]
1
natural science
A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling.
The boat pulls the water skier. The direction of the pull is toward the boat.
A force is a push or a pull that one object applies to another. Every force has a direction. The direction of a push is away from the object that is pushing. The direction of a pull is toward the object that is pulling. The boat pulls the water skier. The direction of the pull is toward the boat.
toward the boat
0c7db92e71ad47a28f057280de07e116
validation_images/image_1295.png
Which statement best describes the average monthly precipitation in Boston?
[ "March is the month with the highest average precipitation.", "About the same amount of precipitation falls each month between May and October.", "March is drier than January, February, and October." ]
1
natural science
Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.
To describe the average precipitation trends in Boston, look at the graph. Choice "Jan" is incorrect. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Mar" is incorrect. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "March is drier than January, February, and October." is incorrect. Drier months have a lower average precipitation than wetter months. October has a lower average precipitation than March. So, March is not drier than October. Choice "March is the month with the highest average precipitation." is incorrect. January, not March, has the highest average monthly precipitation. Choice "About the same amount of precipitation falls each month between May and October." is incorrect. The average precipitation each month between May and October is about 3 inches. So, about the same amount of precipitation falls during each of these months.
Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average. To describe the average precipitation trends in Boston, look at the graph. Choice "Jan" is incorrect. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Mar" is incorrect. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Oct" is incorrect. Choice "March is drier than January, February, and October." is incorrect. Drier months have a lower average precipitation than wetter months. October has a lower average precipitation than March. So, March is not drier than October. Choice "March is the month with the highest average precipitation." is incorrect. January, not March, has the highest average monthly precipitation. Choice "About the same amount of precipitation falls each month between May and October." is incorrect. The average precipitation each month between May and October is about 3 inches. So, about the same amount of precipitation falls during each of these months.
About the same amount of precipitation falls each month between May and October.
ebdab91d9aa144ba9ab3354ccc2ff915
validation_images/image_1296.png
Will these magnets attract or repel each other?
[ "repel", "attract" ]
1
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.
Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel. Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are different attract. So, these magnets will attract each other.
attract
d34db0cb7ba542a8ac2dbd63d0e25dee
validation_images/image_1297.png
Which is this organism's scientific name?
[ "Aldabrachelys gigantea", "Aldabra giant tortoise" ]
0
natural science
An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
Aldabrachelys gigantea is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Aldabrachelys gigantea is the scientific name.
An organism's common name is the name that people normally call the organism. Common names often contain words you know. An organism's scientific name is the name scientists use to identify the organism. Scientific names often contain words that are not used in everyday English. Scientific names are written in italics, but common names are usually not. The first word of the scientific name is capitalized, and the second word is not. For example, the common name of the animal below is giant panda. Its scientific name is Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Aldabrachelys gigantea is written in italics. The first word is capitalized, and the second word is not. So, Aldabrachelys gigantea is the scientific name.
Aldabrachelys gigantea
40f108ce9d1c46a4a816040b67a6bfc9
validation_images/image_1298.png
Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?
[ "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.", "The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.", "The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2." ]
2
natural science
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart.
Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The stronger the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the strength of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnetic force is weaker when the magnets are farther apart. Distance affects the strength of the magnetic force. When magnets are farther apart, the magnetic force between them is weaker. The magnets in Pair 2 are farther apart than the magnets in Pair 1. So, the magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.
05c1c384c8e8470cacd63c77b8019c6e
validation_images/image_1299.png
Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?
[ "ethos (character)", "logos (reason)", "pathos (emotion)" ]
2
language science
The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals. Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following: say that a brand has been trusted for many years include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following: use graphs or charts to display information cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies explain the science behind a product or service emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice anticipate and refute potential counterclaims Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following: trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury
The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by evoking a fear of illness.
The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals. Appeals to ethos, or character, show the writer or speaker as trustworthy, authoritative, or sharing important values with the audience. An ad that appeals to ethos might do one of the following: say that a brand has been trusted for many years include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following: use graphs or charts to display information cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies explain the science behind a product or service emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice anticipate and refute potential counterclaims Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following: trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury The ad appeals to pathos, or emotion, by evoking a fear of illness.
pathos (emotion)
fa193f1dd8b742f6bbf0c9b8a30635fc