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METHODS Changes in indexes , including liver function , HbeAg , HBV-DNA , YMDD variation , CD ( 4 ) , CD ( 4 ) / CD ( 8 ) ratio , interferon-gamma ( IFN-gamma ) , interleukin-4 ( IL-4 ) , blood routine , renal function , as well as any adverse reactions that occurred in patients , were observed at different time points . |
RESULTS The ALT , AST recovery rate and HBV-DNA negatively inversing rate at the 24th week , the 36th week and the 52nd week were all higher ( P < 0.05 ) ; meanwhile , the YMDD mutation rate at the 36th week and the 52nd week was lower ( P < 0.05 ) in the observation group than in the control group . |
RESULTS The posttreatment levels of CD ( 4 ) , CD ( 4 ) / CD ( 8 ) ratio , IFN-gamma , and IL-4 as well as the pre-post treatment difference of these indexes in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS Chinese medicine SPNS therapy can significantly reduce the YMDD variation of HBV , and the mechanism may be related to its regulation of the CD ( 4 ) level , CD ( 4 ) / CD ( 8 ) ratio and Th1/Th2 balance . |
###7694528 |
BACKGROUND Inhaled anesthetics can alter the arrhythmogenicity of exogenously administered epinephrine . |
BACKGROUND Although swine anesthetized with desflurane or isoflurane do not differ in their arrhythmic response to exogenous epinephrine , the relative effect of epinephrine in the presence of these anesthetics in humans is untested . |
METHODS The authors compared the arrhythmogenicity of submucosally administered epinephrine in 36 ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors who were randomly assigned to receive 1.0-1 .3 MAC desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia . |
METHODS A surgeon , blinded to the administered anesthetic and the concentration of epinephrine , injected 1:50,000 , 1:75,000 , or 1:100,000 ( 20 , 13.3 , or 10 micrograms/ml ) epinephrine in saline of volumes sufficient for surgical need . |
METHODS The authors defined a positive response as three or more premature ventricular contractions ( PVCs ) in the 5 min after starting the injection . |
RESULTS No patient given either anesthetic developed any PVCs with epinephrine doses less than 7.0 micrograms/kg . |
RESULTS Greater doses of epinephrine ( 7.0-13 .0 micrograms/kg ) produced positive responses at equal frequencies in the two anesthetic groups . |
CONCLUSIONS The authors concluded that isoflurane and desflurane do not differ in their sensitization of human myocardium to the arrhythmogenic effects of exogenously administered epinephrine . |
###15769772 |
BACKGROUND Black subjects with a family history of premature coronary heart disease ( CHD ) have a marked excess risk , yet barriers prevent effective risk reduction . |
BACKGROUND We tested a community-based multiple risk factor intervention ( community-based care [ CBC ] ) and compared it with `` enhanced '' primary care ( EPC ) to reduce CHD risk in high-risk black families . |
RESULTS Black 30 - to 59-year-old siblings of a proband with CHD aged < 60 years were randomized for care of BP > or = 140/90 mm Hg , LDL cholesterol > or = 3.37 mmol/L , or current smoking to EPC ( n = 168 ) or CBC ( n = 196 ) and monitored for 1 year . |
RESULTS EPC and CBC were designed to eliminate barriers to care . |
RESULTS The CBC group received care by a nurse practitioner and a community health worker in a community setting . |
RESULTS The CBC group was 2 times more likely to achieve goal levels of LDL cholesterol and blood pressure compared with the EPC group ( 95 % CI , 1.11 to 4.20 and 1.39 to 3.88 , respectively ) with adjustment for baseline levels of age , sex , education , and baseline use of medications . |
RESULTS The CBC group demonstrated a significant reduction in global CHD risk , whereas no reduction was seen in the EPC group ( P < 0.0001 ) . |
CONCLUSIONS Eliminating known barriers may not be sufficient to reduce CHD risk in primary care settings . |
CONCLUSIONS An alternative community care model that addresses barriers may be a more effective way to ameliorate CHD risk in high-risk black families . |
###22793957 |
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to compare the healing outcome of a short period ( 2 weeks ) of intermaxillary fixation ( IMF ) with conventional ( 4-6 weeks ) IMF in the management of fractures of the mandibular tooth-bearing area . |
METHODS This was a randomized controlled study conducted at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital , Lagos , Nigeria , between November 2007 and January 2009 . |
METHODS Subjects with minimally displaced mandibular fractures in the tooth-bearing area were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups : IMF for 2 weeks ( study group ) or IMF for 4 to 6 weeks ( control group ) . |
METHODS For the purpose of study analysis , the primary predictor variable was the treatment ( IMF for 2 weeks vs IMF for 4-6 weeks ) . |
METHODS Other predictor variables were the age and gender of subjects . |
METHODS The primary healing outcome was considered either satisfactory or unsatisfactory . |
METHODS The following outcome variables that described the healing process were also compared in the 2 groups : healing time , postoperative infection , paresthesia , and maximal interincisal opening . |
METHODS Loss of body weight and oral hygiene status at the end of treatment were compared in the 2 groups . |
METHODS A value of P < .05 was considered significant . |
RESULTS Satisfactory healing was observed in all cases in both groups . |
RESULTS However , satisfactory healing was observed earlier ( 5.4 0.9 weeks ) in the control group than in patients with the short IMF period ( 7.2 0.9 weeks ) ( P < .001 ) . |
RESULTS Malocclusion that was amenable to selective grinding was the only complication seen in both groups ( n = 2 in study group and n = 1 in control group ) ( P = .492 ) . |
RESULTS Subjects in the control group lost more weight after treatment than those in the study group ( P < .001 ) . |
RESULTS The recovery of interincisal mouth opening was also better in the study group than in the control group ( P < .001 ) . |
RESULTS The study group had better oral hygiene than the control group at the end of treatment . |
CONCLUSIONS The healing outcome was comparable in both groups . |
CONCLUSIONS However , the healing time was significantly longer in the group with the short IMF period . |
CONCLUSIONS The recovery of maximal mouth opening , oral hygiene status , and loss of weight body in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group . |
CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a short period ( 2 weeks ) of IMF in the management of minimally displaced mandibular fractures of the tooth-bearing area in young adults is a suitable alternative to the conventional method in terms of the healing outcome . |
###21294416 |
OBJECTIVE To be a preliminary , prospective , randomized double blinded , placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Morinda citrifolia Linn or noni for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) in patients considered high risk for PONV after various types of surgery . |
METHODS The plant extract was prepared by boiling of dried noni fruit ( maturity stage 3-4 ) then evaporated under standard procedure and processed into capsules . |
METHODS The doses were 150 mg , 300 mg and 600 mg which are equivalent to 5 , 10 and 20 g of dried noni fruit , respectively . |
METHODS One hundred patients of ASA physical status I or II , aged 18-65 years , and considered at risk for PONV , were randomized to receive 150 , 300 , 600 mg of noni extract or a placebo orally 1 hours before surgery . |
METHODS Standard general anesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were employed . |
RESULTS Significantly fewer patients who had received the 600 mg noni extract experienced nausea during the first 6 hours compared to the placebo group ( 48 % for the 600 mg noni group and 80 % for the placebo group , p-value = 0.04 ) . |
RESULTS The incidence of PONV in other time periods was not statistically different for all three noni doses compared to the placebo group . |
RESULTS No side effects were reported in all groups . |
CONCLUSIONS Morinda citrifolia Linn . |
CONCLUSIONS has an antiemetic property and prophylactic noni extract at 600 mg ( equivalent to 20g of dried noni fruit or scopoletin 8.712 microg ) effectively reduces the incidence of early postoperative nausea ( 0-6 hours ) . |
###19262561 |
OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy and safety of Rocaltrol ( calcitriol ) and/or Caltrate D ( calicum carbonate plus vitamin D ) in elderly Chinese women with osteopenia or osteoporosis . |
METHODS One hundred fifty Chinese women aged over 65 years with osteopenia or osteoporosis from three centers were randomly divided into two groups . |
METHODS Seventy-six participants received Caltrate D as one pill daily ; the other 74 participants received 0.25 mug Caltrate D plus Rocaltrol daily . |
METHODS The changes in bone mineral density ( BMD ) served as primary end-points . |
METHODS Height changes , the presence of new vertebral fractures , muscle strength and balance were evaluated . |
RESULTS The following are the mean percentage changes ( and SD ) in BMD over 12 months : at L2-L4 , 0.83 + / -3.88 in the Caltrate D group and 2.84 + / -4.04 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.003 , by ANCOVA ) ; at the femoral neck , 0.04 + / -3.94 in the Caltrate D group and 2.01 + / -5.45 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.085 , by ANCOVA ) ; and in the trochanter , 1.59 + / -4.57 in the Caltrate D group and 3.76 + / -6.25 in the Rocaltrol + Caltrate D group ( P = 0.053 , by ANCOVA ) . |
RESULTS The stand and maximal forward reach test ( SMFRT ) was significantly enhanced in both groups during the 12 months of treatment , but no significant differences were found between these two groups . |
RESULTS No severe adverse event related to these medications occurred throughout the study . |
CONCLUSIONS Treatment with Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D or Caltrate D for 12 months in elderly Chinese postmenopausal women effectively increased BMD at the lumbar spine . |
CONCLUSIONS Rocaltrol plus Caltrate D was more effective at the lumbar spine than Caltrate D alone . |
###10401802 |
OBJECTIVE To assess differences through grade 8 in diet , physical activity , and related health indicators of students who participated in the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health ( CATCH ) school and family intervention from grades 3 through 5 . |
METHODS Follow-up of the 4-center , randomized , controlled field trial with 56 intervention and 40 control elementary schools . |
METHODS We studied 3714 ( 73 % ) of the initial CATCH cohort of 5106 students from ethnically diverse backgrounds in California , Louisiana , Minnesota , and Texas at grades 6 , 7 , and 8 . |
RESULTS Self-reported daily energy intake from fat at baseline was virtually identical in the control ( 32.7 % ) and intervention ( 32.6 % ) groups . |
RESULTS At grade 5 , the intake for controls remained at 32.2 % , while the intake for the intervention group declined to 30.3 % ( P < .001 ) . |
RESULTS At grade 8 , the between-group differential was maintained ( 31.6 % vs 30.6 % , P = .01 ) . |
RESULTS Intervention students maintained significantly higher self-reported daily vigorous activity than control students ( P = .001 ) , although the difference declined from 13.6 minutes in grade 5 to 11.2 , 10.8 , and 8.8 minutes in grades 6 , 7 , and 8 , respectively . |
RESULTS Significant differences in favor of the intervention students also persisted at grade 8 for dietary knowledge and dietary intentions , but not for social support for physical activity . |
RESULTS No impact on smoking behavior or stages of contemplating smoking was detected at grade 8 . |
RESULTS No significant differences were noted among physiologic indicators of body mass index , blood pressure , or serum lipid and cholesterol levels . |
CONCLUSIONS The original CATCH results demonstrated that school-level interventions could modify school lunch and school physical education programs as well as influence student behaviors . |
CONCLUSIONS This 3-year follow-up without further intervention suggests that the behavioral changes initiated during the elementary school years persisted to early adolescence for self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors . |
###8381146 |
BACKGROUND Intralesional vinblastine has been used to treat Kaposi 's sarcoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS-KS ) . |
BACKGROUND Injections are painful and anticipated response rates are not well documented . |
OBJECTIVE Eleven homosexual men were studied to evaluate the efficacy and pain associated with intralesional vinblastine with or without 1 % bicarbonate buffered lidocaine ( BBL ) . |
METHODS Six lesions on each patient were selected and treated with either vinblastine , vinblastine mixed with BBL , or vinblastine 5 minutes after BBL injection . |
METHODS Control lesions received BBL , saline , or no treatment . |
METHODS Patients recorded injection pain on a visual analog scale . |
RESULTS There was a complete or partial clinical response in 88 % of vinblastine-treated lesions . |
RESULTS Pain scores for BBL , vinblastine , and the mixture of BBL and vinblastine were not statistically different . |
CONCLUSIONS Intralesional vinblastine is effective therapy for AIDS-KS . |
CONCLUSIONS Local anesthesia does not reduce efficacy of treatment , or reduce the pain experienced by the patient . |
###21863462 |
BACKGROUND Although lumbar spinal fusion has been performed for more than 70years , few studies have examined rehabilitation strategies for spinal fusion patients , and there is only sparse information about the patient 's activity level after surgery . |
BACKGROUND The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( COPM ) is a standardized semi-structured interview , developed to identify patients ' problems in relation to activities of daily living ( ADL ) . |