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jenny/10921

Private law deals with legal disputes between individuals and/or organisations in areas such as contracts, property, torts/delicts and commercial law.

private law deals with legal disputes between individuals and/or organisations in areas such as contracts, property, torts/delicts and commercial law.

very fast

pɹaɪvʌt lɔ dilz wɪð liɡʌl dɪspjuts bɪtwin ɪndʌvɪdʒʌwʌlz ʌnd/ɔɹ ɔɹɡʌnɪzeɪʃʌnz ɪn ɛɹiʌz sʌtʃ æz kɑntɹækts, pɹɑpɜ˞ti, tɔɹts/ ʌnd kʌmɜ˞ʃʌl lɔ.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her speech is delivered very fast in a moderately confined space with minimal background sound.

jenny/10922

Law provides a source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis and sociology.

law provides a source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis and sociology.

very fast

lɔ pɹʌvaɪdz ʌ sɔɹs ʌv skɑlɜ˞li ɪnkwaɪɹi ɪntu liɡʌl hɪstɜ˞i, fʌlɑsʌfi, ɛkʌnɑmɪk ʌnælʌsʌs ʌnd soʊsiɑlʌdʒi.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and speaks very fast in a rather confined space with only slight ambient sound.

jenny/10923

Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, and justice.

law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness, and justice.

very fast

lɔ ɔlsoʊ ɹeɪzʌz ɪmpɔɹtʌnt ʌnd kɑmplɛks ɪʃuz kʌnsɜ˞nɪŋ ɪkwɑlʌti, fɛɹnʌs, ʌnd dʒʌstʌs.

female

moderate pitch

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

In a very fast-paced delivery, Jenny's quite monotone voice is muffled by significant background noise in a confined space.

jenny/10924

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

philosophy of law

very fast

fʌlɑsʌfi ʌv lɔ

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, but the sound is quite confined. She delivers her words at a very fast pace.

jenny/10925

But what, after all, is a law?

but what, after all, is a law?

very fast

bʌt wʌt, æftɜ˞ ɔl, ɪz ʌ lɔ?

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the recording is quite confined and fast-paced.

jenny/10926

When I say that the object of laws is always general, I mean that law considers subjects en masse and actions in the abstract, and never a particular person or action.

when i say that the object of laws is always general, i mean that law considers subjects en masse and actions in the abstract, and never a particular person or action.

very fast

wɛn aɪ seɪ ðæt ðʌ ɑbdʒɛkt ʌv lɔz ɪz ɔlweɪz dʒɛnɜ˞ʌl, aɪ min ðæt lɔ kʌnsɪdɜ˞z sʌbdʒɪkts ɛn mæs ʌnd ækʃʌnz ɪn ðʌ æbstɹækt, ʌnd nɛvɜ˞ ʌ pɜ˞tɪkjʌlɜ˞ pɜ˞sʌn ɔɹ ækʃʌn.

female

moderate pitch

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a confined space with noticeable background noise.

jenny/10928

The philosophy of law is commonly known as jurisprudence.

the philosophy of law is commonly known as jurisprudence.

very fast

ðʌ fʌlɑsʌfi ʌv lɔ ɪz kɑmʌnli noʊn æz dʒʊɹʌspɹudʌns.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, yet the sound is quite confined. She delivers her words rapidly.

jenny/10929

Normative jurisprudence asks 'what should law be?

normative jurisprudence asks 'what should law be?

very fast

nɔɹmʌtɪv dʒʊɹʌspɹudʌns æsks 'wʌt ʃʊd lɔ bi?

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a very confined space where the sound is very clear.

jenny/1092

Quite likely the person at the next table was a spy of the Thought Police, and quite likely he would be in the cellars of the Ministry of Love within three days, but a cigarette end must not be wasted.

quite likely the person at the next table was a spy of the thought police, and quite likely he would be in the cellars of the ministry of love within three days, but a cigarette end must not be wasted.

very fast

kwaɪt laɪkli ðʌ pɜ˞sʌn æt ðʌ nɛkst teɪbʌl wɑz ʌ spaɪ ʌv ðʌ θɔt pʌlis, ʌnd kwaɪt laɪkli hi wʊd bi ɪn ðʌ sɛlɜ˞z ʌv ðʌ mɪnʌstɹi ʌv lʌv wɪðɪn θɹi deɪz, bʌt ʌ sɪɡɜ˞ɛt ɛnd mʌst nɑt bi weɪstɪd.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks quite monotone with a very fast delivery in a confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10930

', while analytic jurisprudence asks 'what is law?'

', while analytic jurisprudence asks 'what is law?'

very fast

', waɪl ænʌlɪtɪk dʒʊɹʌspɹudʌns æsks 'wʌt ɪz lɔ?'

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a very monotone voice in a quite confined space where the sound is slightly muffled.

jenny/10931

ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE

analytical jurisprudence

very fast

ænʌlɪtɪkʌl dʒʊɹʌspɹudʌns

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, yet the sound is quite confined. She speaks very fast, producing a rushed delivery.

jenny/10932

There have been several attempts to produce 'a universally acceptable definition of law'.

there have been several attempts to produce 'a universally acceptable definition of law'.

very fast

ðɛɹ hæv bɪn sɛvɹʌl ʌtɛmpts tu pɹʌdus 'ʌ junʌvɜ˞sʌli æksɛptʌbʌl dɛfʌnɪʃʌn ʌv lɔ'.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a monotone voice in a confined space, producing a clear and undistorted sound.

jenny/10934

McCoubrey and White said that the question 'what is law?'

mccoubrey and white said that the question 'what is law?'

very fast

ʌnd waɪt sɛd ðæt ðʌ kwɛstʃʌn 'wʌt ɪz lɔ?'

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a rather confined space where the sound is slightly muffled.

jenny/10935

has no simple answer.

has no simple answer.

very fast

hæz noʊ sɪmpʌl ænsɜ˞.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

slightly roomy sounding

very monotone

Jenny speaks very quickly in a monotone voice with a slightly roomy acoustic, resulting in a clear pronunciation.

jenny/10936

Glanville Williams said that the meaning of the word 'law' depends on the context in which that word is used.

glanville williams said that the meaning of the word 'law' depends on the context in which that word is used.

very fast

ɡlænvɪl wɪljʌmz sɛd ðæt ðʌ minɪŋ ʌv ðʌ wɜ˞d 'lɔ' dɪpɛndz ɑn ðʌ kɑntɛkst ɪn wɪtʃ ðæt wɜ˞d ɪz juzd.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a confined space where the sound is slightly clear.

jenny/10937

He said that, for example, 'early customary law' and 'municipal law' were contexts where the word 'law' had two different and irreconcilable meanings.

he said that, for example, 'early customary law' and 'municipal law' were contexts where the word 'law' had two different and irreconcilable meanings.

very fast

hi sɛd ðæt, fɔɹ ɪɡzæmpʌl, 'ɜ˞li kʌstʌmɛɹi lɔ' ʌnd 'mjunɪsʌpʌl lɔ' wɜ˞ kɑntɛksts wɛɹ ðʌ wɜ˞d 'lɔ' hæd tu dɪfɜ˞ʌnt ʌnd ɪɹɛkʌnsaɪlʌbʌl minɪŋz.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, delivered in a confined space with only slight background noise.

jenny/10938

Thurman Arnold said that it is obvious that it is impossible to define the word 'law' and that it is also equally obvious that the struggle to define that word should not ever be abandoned.

thurman arnold said that it is obvious that it is impossible to define the word 'law' and that it is also equally obvious that the struggle to define that word should not ever be abandoned.

very fast

θɜ˞mʌn ɑɹnʌld sɛd ðæt ɪt ɪz ɑbviʌs ðæt ɪt ɪz ɪmpɑsʌbʌl tu dɪfaɪn ðʌ wɜ˞d 'lɔ' ʌnd ðæt ɪt ɪz ɔlsoʊ ikwʌli ɑbviʌs ðæt ðʌ stɹʌɡʌl tu dɪfaɪn ðæt wɜ˞d ʃʊd nɑt ɛvɜ˞ bi ʌbændʌnd.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a slightly monotone tone in a rather confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10939

It is possible to take the view that there is no need to define the word 'law' e.g.

it is possible to take the view that there is no need to define the word 'law' e.g.

very fast

ɪt ɪz pɑsʌbʌl tu teɪk ðʌ vju ðæt ðɛɹ ɪz noʊ nid tu dɪfaɪn ðʌ wɜ˞d 'lɔ' i.dʒi.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the recording seems quite confined and compact. She delivers her words at a rapid pace.

jenny/1093

Syme had folded up his strip of paper and stowed it away in his pocket.

syme had folded up his strip of paper and stowed it away in his pocket.

very fast

saɪm hæd foʊldʌd ʌp hɪz stɹɪp ʌv peɪpɜ˞ ʌnd stoʊd ɪt ʌweɪ ɪn hɪz pɑkʌt.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone voice in a space with moderate ambient sound. The acoustics are quite confined.

jenny/10940

'let's forget about generalities and get down to cases' .

'let's forget about generalities and get down to cases' .

very fast

'lɛt'ɛs fɜ˞ɡɛt ʌbaʊt dʒɛnɜ˞ælʌtiz ʌnd ɡɛt daʊn tu keɪsʌz' .

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a confined space, the sound is slightly clear.

jenny/10941

One definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour.

one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behaviour.

very fast

wʌn dɛfʌnɪʃʌn ɪz ðæt lɔ ɪz ʌ sɪstʌm ʌv ɹulz ʌnd ɡaɪdlaɪnz wɪtʃ ɑɹ ɛnfɔɹst θɹu soʊʃʌl ɪnstɪtuʃʌnz tu ɡʌvɜ˞n bɪheɪvjɜ˞.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her speech is delivered very fast in a moderately confined space with a low level of ambient sound.

jenny/10942

Holmes said, 'The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what I mean by the law.'

holmes said, 'the prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more pretentious, are what i mean by the law.'

very fast

hoʊmz sɛd, 'ðʌ pɹɑfʌsiz ʌv wʌt ðʌ kɔɹts wɪl du ɪn fækt, ʌnd nʌθɪŋ mɔɹ pɹitɛnʃʌs, ɑɹ wʌt aɪ min baɪ ðʌ lɔ.'

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a slightly confined space with a touch of background noise.

jenny/10943

In his Treatise on Law Aquinas argues that law is a rational ordering of things which concern the common good that is promulgated by whoever is charged with the care of the community.

in his treatise on law aquinas argues that law is a rational ordering of things which concern the common good that is promulgated by whoever is charged with the care of the community.

very fast

ɪn hɪz tɹitʌs ɑn lɔ ʌkwaɪnʌs ɑɹɡjuz ðæt lɔ ɪz ʌ ɹæʃʌnʌl ɔɹdɜ˞ɪŋ ʌv θɪŋz wɪtʃ kʌnsɜ˞n ðʌ kɑmʌn ɡʊd ðæt ɪz pɹɑmʌlɡeɪtɪd baɪ huɛvɜ˞ ɪz tʃɑɹdʒd wɪð ðʌ kɛɹ ʌv ðʌ kʌmjunʌti.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10944

This definition has both positivist and naturalist elements.

this definition has both positivist and naturalist elements.

very fast

ðɪs dɛfʌnɪʃʌn hæz boʊθ ʌnd nætʃɜ˞ʌlʌst ɛlʌmʌnts.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, delivered at a rapid pace. The sound is quite confined, giving it a close and focused quality.

jenny/10945

CONNECTION TO MORALITY AND JUSTICE

connection to morality and justice

very fast

kʌnɛkʃʌn tu mɜ˞ælʌti ʌnd dʒʌstʌs

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the recording is quite confined and fast-paced.

jenny/10946

Definitions of law often raise the question of the extent to which law incorporates morality.

definitions of law often raise the question of the extent to which law incorporates morality.

very fast

dɛfʌnɪʃʌnz ʌv lɔ ɔfʌn ɹeɪz ðʌ kwɛstʃʌn ʌv ðʌ ɪkstɛnt tu wɪtʃ lɔ ɪnkɔɹpɜ˞eɪts mɜ˞ælʌti.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very fast in a moderately confined space with a subtle ambient sound.

jenny/10947

John Austin's utilitarian answer was that law is 'commands, backed by threat of sanctions, from a sovereign, to whom people have a habit of obedience'.

john austin's utilitarian answer was that law is 'commands, backed by threat of sanctions, from a sovereign, to whom people have a habit of obedience'.

very fast

dʒɑn ɔstʌn'ɛs jutɪlʌtɛɹiʌn ænsɜ˞ wɑz ðæt lɔ ɪz 'kʌmændz, bækt baɪ θɹɛt ʌv sæŋkʃʌnz, fɹʌm ʌ sɑvɹʌn, tu hum pipʌl hæv ʌ hæbʌt ʌv oʊbidiʌns'.

female

moderate pitch

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and spoken very fast in a quite noisy and confined environment.

jenny/10948

Natural lawyers on the other side, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, argue that law reflects essentially moral and unchangeable laws of nature.

natural lawyers on the other side, such as jean jacques rousseau, argue that law reflects essentially moral and unchangeable laws of nature.

very fast

nætʃɜ˞ʌl lɔjɜ˞z ɑn ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ saɪd, sʌtʃ æz dʒin-ʒɑk ɹusoʊ, ɑɹɡju ðæt lɔ ɹɪflɛkts ɛsɛnʃʌli mɔɹʌl ʌnd lɔz ʌv neɪtʃɜ˞.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

very monotone

Jenny's voice is very monotone and she delivers her words at a rapid pace in a confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10949

In this third part, he states:

in this third part, he states,

very fast

ɪn ðɪs θɜ˞d pɑɹt, hi steɪts:

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, delivering her words in a confined space with clear audio.

jenny/1094

Parsons had begun talking again.

parsons had begun talking again.

very fast

pɑɹsʌnz hæd bɪɡʌn tɔkɪŋ ʌɡɛn.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, delivering her words in a confined space with clear audio.

jenny/10950

The law is good, it is necessary, its execution is poor, and the manners judge the laws based on the manner in which they are executed.

the law is good, it is necessary, its execution is poor, and the manners judge the laws based on the manner in which they are executed.

very fast

ðʌ lɔ ɪz ɡʊd, ɪt ɪz nɛsʌsɛɹi, ɪts ɛksʌkjuʃʌn ɪz puɹ, ʌnd ðʌ mænɜ˞z dʒʌdʒ ðʌ lɔz beɪst ɑn ðʌ mænɜ˞ ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ ɑɹ ɛksʌkjutɪd.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her speech is delivered very fast in a relatively confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10951

Immanuel Kant believed a moral imperative requires laws 'be chosen as though they should hold as universal laws of nature'.

immanuel kant believed a moral imperative requires laws 'be chosen as though they should hold as universal laws of nature'.

very fast

ɪmʌnʊl kænt bɪlivd ʌ mɔɹʌl ɪmpɛɹʌtɪv ɹikwaɪɜ˞z lɔz 'bi tʃoʊzʌn æz ðoʊ ðeɪ ʃʊd hoʊld æz junʌvɜ˞sʌl lɔz ʌv neɪtʃɜ˞'.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a slightly confined sounding environment with a touch of background noise.

jenny/10952

Jeremy Bentham and his student Austin, following David Hume, believed that this conflated the 'is' and what 'ought to be' problem.

jeremy bentham and his student austin, following david hume, believed that this conflated the 'is' and what 'ought to be' problem.

very fast

dʒɛɹʌmi ʌnd hɪz studʌnt ɔstʌn, fɑloʊɪŋ deɪvɪd hjum, bɪlivd ðæt ðɪs ðʌ 'ɪz' ʌnd wʌt 'ɔt tu bi' pɹɑblʌm.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and spoken very fast in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10953

Bentham and Austin argued for law's positivism; that real law is entirely separate from 'morality'.

bentham and austin argued for law's positivism, that real law is entirely separate from 'morality'.

very fast

ʌnd ɔstʌn ɑɹɡjud fɔɹ lɔ'ɛs pɑzʌtɪvɪzʌm; ðæt ɹil lɔ ɪz ɪntaɪɜ˞li sɛpɜ˞eɪt fɹʌm 'mɜ˞ælʌti'.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very fast in a moderately confined environment with some ambient sound.

jenny/10954

Kant was also criticised by Friedrich Nietzsche, who rejected the principle of equality, and believed that law emanates from the will to power, and cannot be labeled as 'moral' or 'immoral'.

kant was also criticised by friedrich nietzsche, who rejected the principle of equality, and believed that law emanates from the will to power, and cannot be labeled as 'moral' or 'immoral'.

very fast

kænt wɑz ɔlsoʊ baɪ fɹidɹɪk nitʃi, hu ɹɪdʒɛktɪd ðʌ pɹɪnsʌpʌl ʌv ɪkwɑlʌti, ʌnd bɪlivd ðæt lɔ ɛmʌneɪts fɹʌm ðʌ wɪl tu paʊɜ˞, ʌnd kænɑt bi leɪbʌld æz 'mɔɹʌl' ɔɹ 'ɪmɔɹʌl'.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone, yet she delivers her words very fast in a moderately confined space with minimal background sound.

jenny/10956

Kelsen believed that although law is separate from morality, it is endowed with 'normativity', meaning we ought to obey it.

kelsen believed that although law is separate from morality, it is endowed with 'normativity', meaning we ought to obey it.

very fast

bɪlivd ðæt ɔlðoʊ lɔ ɪz sɛpɜ˞eɪt fɹʌm mɜ˞ælʌti, ɪt ɪz ɛndaʊd wɪð '', minɪŋ wi ɔt tu oʊbeɪ ɪt.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the acoustic environment is quite confined and restrictive, resulting in a hurried delivery.

jenny/10957

While laws are positive 'is' statements e.g.

while laws are positive 'is' statements e.g.

very fast

waɪl lɔz ɑɹ pɑzʌtɪv 'ɪz' steɪtmʌnts i.dʒi.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the acoustic environment is quite confined, resulting in a rushed delivery.

jenny/10958

Thus, each legal system can be hypothesised to have a basic norm instructing us to obey.

thus, each legal system can be hypothesised to have a basic norm instructing us to obey.

very fast

ðʌs, itʃ liɡʌl sɪstʌm kæn bi tu hæv ʌ beɪsɪk nɔɹm ɪnstɹʌktɪŋ ʌs tu oʊbeɪ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very quickly in a confined space with a faint background noise.

jenny/10959

Therefore, Schmitt advocated a jurisprudence of the exception , which denied that legal norms could encompass all of the political experience.

therefore, schmitt advocated a jurisprudence of the exception , which denied that legal norms could encompass all of the political experience.

very fast

ðɛɹfɔɹ, ʃmɪt ædvʌkeɪtɪd ʌ dʒʊɹʌspɹudʌns ʌv ðʌ ɪksɛpʃʌn , wɪtʃ dɪnaɪd ðæt liɡʌl nɔɹmz kʊd ɛnkʌmpʌs ɔl ʌv ðʌ pʌlɪtʌkʌl ɪkspɪɹiʌns.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a confined space with minimal background noise.

jenny/1095

'Did I ever tell you, old boy,' he said, chuckling round the stem of his pipe, 'about the time when those two nippers of mine set fire to the old market-woman's skirt because they saw her wrapping up sausages in a poster of B.

'did i ever tell you, old boy,' he said, chuckling round the stem of his pipe, 'about the time when those two nippers of mine set fire to the old market woman's skirt because they saw her wrapping up sausages in a poster of b.

very fast

'dɪd aɪ ɛvɜ˞ tɛl ju, oʊld bɔɪ,' hi sɛd, tʃʌklɪŋ ɹaʊnd ðʌ stɛm ʌv hɪz paɪp, 'ʌbaʊt ðʌ taɪm wɛn ðoʊz tu ʌv maɪn sɛt faɪɜ˞ tu ðʌ oʊld mɑɹkʌt-wʊmʌn'ɛs skɜ˞t bɪkɔz ðeɪ sɔ hɜ˞ ɹæpɪŋ ʌp sɔsɪdʒɪz ɪn ʌ poʊstɜ˞ ʌv bi.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a slightly monotone tone in a slightly confined sounding environment with a touch of background noise.

jenny/10962

Hart argued law is a system of rules, divided into primary and secondary ones .

hart argued law is a system of rules, divided into primary and secondary ones .

very fast

hɑɹt ɑɹɡjud lɔ ɪz ʌ sɪstʌm ʌv ɹulz, dɪvaɪdɪd ɪntu pɹaɪmɛɹi ʌnd sɛkʌndɛɹi wʌnz .

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, yet the sound is quite confined. She delivers her words at a very fast pace.

jenny/10963

Secondary rules are further divided into rules of adjudication , rules of change and the rule of recognition .

secondary rules are further divided into rules of adjudication , rules of change and the rule of recognition .

very fast

sɛkʌndɛɹi ɹulz ɑɹ fɜ˞ðɜ˞ dɪvaɪdɪd ɪntu ɹulz ʌv ʌdʒudʌkeɪʃʌn , ɹulz ʌv tʃeɪndʒ ʌnd ðʌ ɹul ʌv ɹɛkʌɡnɪʃʌn .

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very fast in a slightly confined space with a touch of background noise.

jenny/10964

Two of Hart's students continued the debate: In his book Law's Empire, Ronald Dworkin attacked Hart and the positivists for their refusal to treat law as a moral issue.

two of hart's students continued the debate, in his book law's empire, ronald dworkin attacked hart and the positivists for their refusal to treat law as a moral issue.

very fast

tu ʌv hɑɹt'ɛs studʌnts kʌntɪnjud ðʌ dʌbeɪt: ɪn hɪz bʊk lɔ'ɛs ɛmpaɪɜ˞, ɹɑnʌld dwɔɹkɪn ʌtækt hɑɹt ʌnd ðʌ fɔɹ ðɛɹ ɹʌfjuzʌl tu tɹit lɔ æz ʌ mɔɹʌl ɪʃu.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very fast in a moderately confined space with some ambient sound.

jenny/10965

Dworkin argues that law is an 'interpretive concept', that requires judges to find the best fitting and most just solution to a legal dispute, given their constitutional traditions.

dworkin argues that law is an 'interpretive concept', that requires judges to find the best fitting and most just solution to a legal dispute, given their constitutional traditions.

very fast

dwɔɹkɪn ɑɹɡjuz ðæt lɔ ɪz æn 'ɪntɜ˞pɹʌtɪv kɑnsɛpt', ðæt ɹikwaɪɜ˞z dʒʌdʒɪz tu faɪnd ðʌ bɛst fɪtɪŋ ʌnd moʊst dʒʌst sʌluʃʌn tu ʌ liɡʌl dɪspjut, ɡɪvʌn ðɛɹ kɑnstʌtuʃʌnʌl tɹʌdɪʃʌnz.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very quickly in a moderately confined space with some ambient sound.

jenny/10966

Joseph Raz, on the other hand, defended the positivist outlook and criticised Hart's 'soft social thesis' approach in The Authority of Law.

joseph raz, on the other hand, defended the positivist outlook and criticised hart's 'soft social thesis' approach in the authority of law.

very fast

dʒoʊsʌf ɹæz, ɑn ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ hænd, dɪfɛndʌd ðʌ aʊtlʊk ʌnd hɑɹt'ɛs 'sɑft soʊʃʌl θisʌs' ʌpɹoʊtʃ ɪn ðʌ ʌθɔɹʌti ʌv lɔ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, delivering her words in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10967

Raz argues that law is authority, identifiable purely through social sources and without reference to moral reasoning.

raz argues that law is authority, identifiable purely through social sources and without reference to moral reasoning.

very fast

ɹæz ɑɹɡjuz ðæt lɔ ɪz ʌθɔɹʌti, aɪdɛntʌfaɪʌbʌl pjʊɹli θɹu soʊʃʌl sɔɹsʌz ʌnd wɪθaʊt ɹɛfɜ˞ʌns tu mɔɹʌl ɹizʌnɪŋ.

female

moderate pitch

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

In a very fast speech, Jenny delivers her words in a quite monotone tone amidst a backdrop of intense noise and a very confined sounding environment.

jenny/10968

In his view, any categorisation of rules beyond their role as authoritative instruments in mediation are best left to sociology, rather than jurisprudence.

in his view, any categorisation of rules beyond their role as authoritative instruments in mediation are best left to sociology, rather than jurisprudence.

very fast

ɪn hɪz vju, ɛni ʌv ɹulz bɪɑnd ðɛɹ ɹoʊl æz ʌθɔɹʌteɪtɪv ɪnstɹʌmʌnts ɪn midieɪʃʌn ɑɹ bɛst lɛft tu soʊsiɑlʌdʒi, ɹæðɜ˞ ðæn dʒʊɹʌspɹudʌns.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and speaks very fast in a moderately confined space with some ambient sound.

jenny/10969

The history of law links closely to the development of civilization.

the history of law links closely to the development of civilization.

very fast

ðʌ hɪstɜ˞i ʌv lɔ lɪŋks kloʊsli tu ðʌ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv sɪvʌlɪzeɪʃʌn.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her delivery is very fast in a rather confined space with only slight background noise.

jenny/10970

Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as stelae, for the entire public to see; this became known as the Codex Hammurabi.

hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of babylon as stelae, for the entire public to see, this became known as the codex hammurabi.

very fast

hæmʌɹɑbi pleɪst sɛvɹʌl kɑpiz ʌv hɪz lɔ koʊd θɹuaʊt ðʌ kɪŋdʌm ʌv bæbʌlɑn æz , fɔɹ ðʌ ɪntaɪɜ˞ pʌblɪk tu si; ðɪs bɪkeɪm noʊn æz ðʌ hæmʌɹɑbi.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her speech is delivered very fast in a confined space with only slight background noise.

jenny/10972

However, Athens had no legal science or single word for 'law', relying instead on the three-way distinction between divine law , human decree and custom .

however, athens had no legal science or single word for 'law', relying instead on the three way distinction between divine law , human decree and custom .

very fast

haʊɛvɜ˞, æθʌnz hæd noʊ liɡʌl saɪʌns ɔɹ sɪŋɡʌl wɜ˞d fɔɹ 'lɔ', ɹilaɪɪŋ ɪnstɛd ɑn ðʌ θɹi-weɪ dɪstɪŋkʃʌn bɪtwin dɪvaɪn lɔ , hjumʌn dɪkɹi ʌnd kʌstʌm .

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, delivered in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10973

Yet Ancient Greek law contained major constitutional innovations in the development of democracy.

yet ancient greek law contained major constitutional innovations in the development of democracy.

very fast

jɛt eɪntʃʌnt ɡɹik lɔ kʌnteɪnd meɪdʒɜ˞ kɑnstʌtuʃʌnʌl ɪnʌveɪʃʌnz ɪn ðʌ dɪvɛlʌpmʌnt ʌv dɪmɑkɹʌsi.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very quickly with a monotone tone in a confined space where the sound is slightly muffled and clear.

jenny/10974

Roman law was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists and were highly sophisticated.

roman law was heavily influenced by greek philosophy, but its detailed rules were developed by professional jurists and were highly sophisticated.

very fast

ɹoʊmʌn lɔ wɑz hɛvʌli ɪnfluʌnst baɪ ɡɹik fʌlɑsʌfi, bʌt ɪts dɪteɪld ɹulz wɜ˞ dɪvɛlʌpt baɪ pɹʌfɛʃʌnʌl dʒʊɹɪsts ʌnd wɜ˞ haɪli sʌfɪstʌkeɪtɪd.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and speaks very fast in a slightly confined space with a touch of background noise.

jenny/10975

Over the centuries between the rise and decline of the Roman Empire, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situations and underwent major codification under Theodosius II and Justinian I.

over the centuries between the rise and decline of the roman empire, law was adapted to cope with the changing social situations and underwent major codification under theodosius ii and justinian i.

very fast

oʊvɜ˞ ðʌ sɛntʃɜ˞iz bɪtwin ðʌ ɹaɪz ʌnd dɪklaɪn ʌv ðʌ ɹoʊmʌn ɛmpaɪɜ˞, lɔ wɑz ʌdæptɪd tu koʊp wɪð ðʌ tʃeɪndʒɪŋ soʊʃʌl sɪtʃueɪʃʌnz ʌnd ʌndɜ˞wɛnt meɪdʒɜ˞ kɑdʌfʌkeɪʃʌn ʌndɜ˞ ʌnd aɪ.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words at a very fast pace in a relatively confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10976

Latin legal maxims were compiled for guidance.

latin legal maxims were compiled for guidance.

very fast

lætʌn liɡʌl mæksʌmz wɜ˞ kʌmpaɪld fɔɹ ɡaɪdʌns.

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, delivered at a rapid pace in a very confined space.

jenny/10977

In medieval England, royal courts developed a body of precedent which later became the common law.

in medieval england, royal courts developed a body of precedent which later became the common law.

very fast

ɪn mɪdivʌl ɪŋɡlʌnd, ɹɔɪʌl kɔɹts dɪvɛlʌpt ʌ bɑdi ʌv pɹɛsɪdʌnt wɪtʃ leɪtɜ˞ bɪkeɪm ðʌ kɑmʌn lɔ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a confined space with slight background noise.

jenny/10978

A Europe-wide Law Merchant was formed so that merchants could trade with common standards of practice rather than with the many splintered facets of local laws.

a europe wide law merchant was formed so that merchants could trade with common standards of practice rather than with the many splintered facets of local laws.

very fast

ʌ jʊɹʌp-waɪd lɔ mɜ˞tʃʌnt wɑz fɔɹmd soʊ ðæt mɜ˞tʃʌnts kʊd tɹeɪd wɪð kɑmʌn stændɜ˞dz ʌv pɹæktʌs ɹæðɜ˞ ðæn wɪð ðʌ mɛni splɪntɜ˞d fæsʌts ʌv loʊkʌl lɔz.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice sounds quite monotone and very fast in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10979

The Law Merchant, a precursor to modern commercial law, emphasised the freedom to contract and alienability of property.

the law merchant, a precursor to modern commercial law, emphasised the freedom to contract and alienability of property.

very fast

ðʌ lɔ mɜ˞tʃʌnt, ʌ pɹikɜ˞sɜ˞ tu mɑdɜ˞n kʌmɜ˞ʃʌl lɔ, ðʌ fɹidʌm tu kɑntɹækt ʌnd ʌv pɹɑpɜ˞ti.

female

moderate pitch

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Amidst a backdrop of constant noise, Jenny's voice sounds very monotone and is delivered very fast in a very confined space.

jenny/1097

? Sneaked up behind her and set fire to it with a box of matches.

? sneaked up behind her and set fire to it with a box of matches.

very fast

? snikt ʌp bɪhaɪnd hɜ˞ ʌnd sɛt faɪɜ˞ tu ɪt wɪð ʌ bɑks ʌv mætʃʌz.

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone but very clear, delivered at a rapid pace in a very confined space.

jenny/10981

The Napoleonic and German Codes became the most influential.

the napoleonic and german codes became the most influential.

very fast

ðʌ nʌpoʊliɑnɪk ʌnd dʒɜ˞mʌn koʊdz bɪkeɪm ðʌ moʊst ɪnfluɛnʃʌl.

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the acoustic environment is quite confined, lending her speech a hurried pace.

jenny/10982

In contrast to English common law, which consists of enormous tomes of case law, codes in small books are easy to export and easy for judges to apply.

in contrast to english common law, which consists of enormous tomes of case law, codes in small books are easy to export and easy for judges to apply.

very fast

ɪn kɑntɹæst tu ɪŋɡlɪʃ kɑmʌn lɔ, wɪtʃ kʌnsɪsts ʌv ɪnɔɹmʌs toʊmz ʌv keɪs lɔ, koʊdz ɪn smɔl bʊks ɑɹ izi tu ɛkspɔɹt ʌnd izi fɔɹ dʒʌdʒɪz tu ʌplaɪ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she speaks very fast in a rather confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10983

However, today there are signs that civil and common law are converging.

however, today there are signs that civil and common law are converging.

very fast

haʊɛvɜ˞, tʌdeɪ ðɛɹ ɑɹ saɪnz ðæt sɪvʌl ʌnd kɑmʌn lɔ ɑɹ kʌnvɜ˞dʒɪŋ.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a quite confined space, producing a very clear speech sample.

jenny/10984

EU law is codified in treaties, but develops through de facto precedent laid down by the European Court of Justice.

eu law is codified in treaties, but develops through de facto precedent laid down by the european court of justice.

very fast

iju lɔ ɪz kɑdʌfaɪd ɪn tɹitiz, bʌt dɪvɛlʌps θɹu di fæktoʊ pɹɛsɪdʌnt leɪd daʊn baɪ ðʌ jʊɹʌpiʌn kɔɹt ʌv dʒʌstʌs.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her delivery is very fast in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10986

Ancient India and China represent distinct traditions of law, and have historically had independent schools of legal theory and practice.

ancient india and china represent distinct traditions of law, and have historically had independent schools of legal theory and practice.

very fast

eɪntʃʌnt ɪndiʌ ʌnd tʃaɪnʌ ɹɛpɹɪzɛnt dɪstɪŋkt tɹʌdɪʃʌnz ʌv lɔ, ʌnd hæv hɪstɔɹɪkʌli hæd ɪndɪpɛndʌnt skulz ʌv liɡʌl θɪɹi ʌnd pɹæktʌs.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

very monotone

Jenny's voice is very monotone and she speaks very fast in a quite confined space with a faint background noise.

jenny/10987

Manu's central philosophy was tolerance and pluralism, and was cited across Southeast Asia.

manu's central philosophy was tolerance and pluralism, and was cited across southeast asia.

very fast

mɑnu'ɛs sɛntɹʌl fʌlɑsʌfi wɑz tɑlɜ˞ʌns ʌnd plʊɹʌlɪzʌm, ʌnd wɑz saɪtʌd ʌkɹɔs saʊθist eɪʒʌ.

female

moderate pitch

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a quite noisy and confined environment.

jenny/10988

In India, the Hindu legal tradition, along with Islamic law, were both supplanted by common law when India became part of the British Empire.

in india, the hindu legal tradition, along with islamic law, were both supplanted by common law when india became part of the british empire.

very fast

ɪn ɪndiʌ, ðʌ hɪndu liɡʌl tɹʌdɪʃʌn, ʌlɔŋ wɪð ɪzlɑmɪk lɔ, wɜ˞ boʊθ sʌplæntɪd baɪ kɑmʌn lɔ wɛn ɪndiʌ bɪkeɪm pɑɹt ʌv ðʌ bɹɪtɪʃ ɛmpaɪɜ˞.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/10989

Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and Hong Kong also adopted the common law system.

malaysia, brunei, singapore and hong kong also adopted the common law system.

very fast

mʌleɪʒʌ, bɹunaɪ, sɪŋʌpɔɹ ʌnd hɔŋ kɔŋ ɔlsoʊ ʌdɑptɪd ðʌ kɑmʌn lɔ sɪstʌm.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, with a very confined sound. She delivers her words at a very fast pace.

jenny/1098

Burned her quite badly, I believe.

burned her quite badly, i believe.

very fast

bɜ˞nd hɜ˞ kwaɪt bædli, aɪ bɪliv.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, but the acoustics are quite confined, giving the speech a hurried feel.

jenny/10990

The eastern Asia legal tradition reflects a unique blend of secular and religious influences.

the eastern asia legal tradition reflects a unique blend of secular and religious influences.

very fast

ðʌ istɜ˞n eɪʒʌ liɡʌl tɹʌdɪʃʌn ɹɪflɛkts ʌ junik blɛnd ʌv sɛkjʌlɜ˞ ʌnd ɹɪlɪdʒʌs ɪnfluʌnsɪz.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet confined in sound, as she delivers her words at a rapid pace.

jenny/10991

Japan was the first country to begin modernising its legal system along western lines, by importing parts of the French, but mostly the German Civil Code.

japan was the first country to begin modernising its legal system along western lines, by importing parts of the french, but mostly the german civil code.

very fast

dʒʌpæn wɑz ðʌ fɜ˞st kʌntɹi tu bɪɡɪn ɪts liɡʌl sɪstʌm ʌlɔŋ wɛstɜ˞n laɪnz, baɪ ɪmpɔɹtɪŋ pɑɹts ʌv ðʌ fɹɛntʃ, bʌt moʊstli ðʌ dʒɜ˞mʌn sɪvʌl koʊd.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words at a very fast pace in a moderately confined space with a low level of ambient sound.

jenny/10993

Similarly, traditional Chinese law gave way to westernisation towards the final years of the Qing Dynasty in the form of six private law codes based mainly on the Japanese model of German law.

similarly, traditional chinese law gave way to westernisation towards the final years of the qing dynasty in the form of six private law codes based mainly on the japanese model of german law.

very fast

sɪmʌlɜ˞li, tɹʌdɪʃʌnʌl tʃaɪniz lɔ ɡeɪv weɪ tu tʌwɔɹdz ðʌ faɪnʌl jɪɹz ʌv ðʌ kɪŋ daɪnʌsti ɪn ðʌ fɔɹm ʌv sɪks pɹaɪvʌt lɔ koʊdz beɪst meɪnli ɑn ðʌ dʒæpʌniz mɑdʌl ʌv dʒɜ˞mʌn lɔ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, spoken in a confined space with only slight background noise.

jenny/10994

The current legal infrastructure in the People's Republic of China was heavily influenced by Soviet Socialist law, which essentially inflates administrative law at the expense of private law rights.

the current legal infrastructure in the people's republic of china was heavily influenced by soviet socialist law, which essentially inflates administrative law at the expense of private law rights.

very fast

ðʌ kɜ˞ʌnt liɡʌl ɪnfɹʌstɹʌktʃɜ˞ ɪn ðʌ pipʌl'ɛs ɹipʌblʌk ʌv tʃaɪnʌ wɑz hɛvʌli ɪnfluʌnst baɪ soʊviʌt soʊʃʌlʌst lɔ, wɪtʃ ɛsɛnʃʌli ɪnfleɪts ʌdmɪnʌstɹeɪtɪv lɔ æt ðʌ ɪkspɛns ʌv pɹaɪvʌt lɔ ɹaɪts.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her speech is delivered very fast in a moderately confined space with minimal ambient sound.

jenny/10995

Due to rapid industrialisation, today China is undergoing a process of reform, at least in terms of economic, if not social and political, rights.

due to rapid industrialisation, today china is undergoing a process of reform, at least in terms of economic, if not social and political, rights.

very fast

du tu ɹæpʌd , tʌdeɪ tʃaɪnʌ ɪz ʌndɜ˞ɡoʊɪŋ ʌ pɹɑsɛs ʌv ɹʌfɔɹm, æt list ɪn tɜ˞mz ʌv ɛkʌnɑmɪk, ɪf nɑt soʊʃʌl ʌnd pʌlɪtʌkʌl, ɹaɪts.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks quite monotone with a very fast delivery in a somewhat confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10998

Colour-coded map of the legal systems around the world, showing civil, common law, religious, customary and mixed legal systems.

colour coded map of the legal systems around the world, showing civil, common law, religious, customary and mixed legal systems.

very fast

kʌlɜ˞-koʊdɪd mæp ʌv ðʌ liɡʌl sɪstʌmz ɜ˞aʊnd ðʌ wɜ˞ld, ʃoʊɪŋ sɪvʌl, kɑmʌn lɔ, ɹɪlɪdʒʌs, kʌstʌmɛɹi ʌnd mɪkst liɡʌl sɪstʌmz.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a rather confined space, with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10999

Common law systems are shaded pink, and civil law systems are shaded blue/turquoise.

common law systems are shaded pink, and civil law systems are shaded blue/turquoise.

very fast

kɑmʌn lɔ sɪstʌmz ɑɹ ʃeɪdɪd pɪŋk, ʌnd sɪvʌl lɔ sɪstʌmz ɑɹ ʃeɪdɪd blu/tɜ˞kwɔɪz.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her delivery is very fast in a confined space with only slight background noise.

jenny/1099

Little beggars, eh? But keen as mustard! That's a first-rate training they give them in the Spies nowadays -- better than in my day, even.

little beggars, eh? but keen as mustard! that's a first rate training they give them in the spies nowadays better than in my day, even.

very fast

lɪtʌl bɛɡɜ˞z, ɛ? bʌt kin æz mʌstɜ˞d! ðæt'ɛs ʌ fɜ˞st-ɹeɪt tɹeɪnɪŋ ðeɪ ɡɪv ðɛm ɪn ðʌ spaɪz naʊʌdeɪz -- bɛtɜ˞ ðæn ɪn maɪ deɪ, ivɪn.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

Jenny's voice is quite clear but has a slightly monotone tone as she delivers her words very fast in a confined space.

jenny/109

His mind hovered for a moment round the doubtful date on the page, and then fetched up with a bump against the Newspeak word doublethink.

his mind hovered for a moment round the doubtful date on the page, and then fetched up with a bump against the newspeak word doublethink.

very fast

hɪz maɪnd hʌvɜ˞d fɔɹ ʌ moʊmʌnt ɹaʊnd ðʌ daʊtfʌl deɪt ɑn ðʌ peɪdʒ, ʌnd ðɛn fɛtʃt ʌp wɪð ʌ bʌmp ʌɡɛnst ðʌ nuspik wɜ˞d dʌbʌlθɪŋk.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a somewhat confined environment with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/10

On each landing, opposite the lift-shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall.

on each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall.

very fast

ɑn itʃ lændɪŋ, ɑpʌzʌt ðʌ lɪft-ʃæft, ðʌ poʊstɜ˞ wɪð ðʌ ɪnɔɹmʌs feɪs ɡeɪzd fɹʌm ðʌ wɔl.

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, which sounds very confined and lacks any noticeable reverberation. She speaks very fast, delivering her words at an accelerated pace.

jenny/11000

In general, legal systems can be split between civil law and common law systems.

in general, legal systems can be split between civil law and common law systems.

very fast

ɪn dʒɛnɜ˞ʌl, liɡʌl sɪstʌmz kæn bi splɪt bɪtwin sɪvʌl lɔ ʌnd kɑmʌn lɔ sɪstʌmz.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the acoustics are quite confined, giving a hurried impression to her speech.

jenny/11001

The specific system that a country is ruled by is often determined by its history, connections with other countries, or its adherence to international standards.

the specific system that a country is ruled by is often determined by its history, connections with other countries, or its adherence to international standards.

very fast

ðʌ spʌsɪfɪk sɪstʌm ðæt ʌ kʌntɹi ɪz ɹuld baɪ ɪz ɔfʌn dɪtɜ˞mʌnd baɪ ɪts hɪstɜ˞i, kʌnɛkʃʌnz wɪð ʌðɜ˞ kʌntɹiz, ɔɹ ɪts ʌdhɪɹʌns tu ɪntɜ˞næʃʌnʌl stændɜ˞dz.

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words at a very fast pace in a quite confined space with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/11002

The sources that jurisdictions adopt as authoritatively binding are the defining features of any legal system.

the sources that jurisdictions adopt as authoritatively binding are the defining features of any legal system.

very fast

ðʌ sɔɹsʌz ðæt dʒʊɹɪsdɪkʃʌnz ʌdɑpt æz ʌθɔɹʌteɪtɪvli baɪndɪŋ ɑɹ ðʌ dɪfaɪnɪŋ fitʃɜ˞z ʌv ɛni liɡʌl sɪstʌm.

female

moderate pitch

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a rather confined space with noticeable background noise.

jenny/11003

Yet classification is a matter of form rather than substance since similar rules often prevail.

yet classification is a matter of form rather than substance since similar rules often prevail.

very fast

jɛt klæsʌfʌkeɪʃʌn ɪz ʌ mætɜ˞ ʌv fɔɹm ɹæðɜ˞ ðæn sʌbstʌns sɪns sɪmʌlɜ˞ ɹulz ɔfʌn pɹɪveɪl.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone voice in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/11004

Civil law is the legal system used in most countries around the world today.

civil law is the legal system used in most countries around the world today.

very fast

sɪvʌl lɔ ɪz ðʌ liɡʌl sɪstʌm juzd ɪn moʊst kʌntɹiz ɜ˞aʊnd ðʌ wɜ˞ld tʌdeɪ.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a quite clear, confined space.

jenny/11005

Codifications date back millennia, with one early example being the Babylonian Codex Hammurabi.

codifications date back millennia, with one early example being the babylonian codex hammurabi.

very fast

deɪt bæk mʌlɛniʌ, wɪð wʌn ɜ˞li ɪɡzæmpʌl biɪŋ ðʌ bæbʌloʊniʌn hæmʌɹɑbi.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she speaks very fast in a rather confined, almost echo-less environment. The recording is only slightly clear.

jenny/11007

Roman law in the days of the Roman Republic and Empire was heavily procedural, and lacked a professional legal class.

roman law in the days of the roman republic and empire was heavily procedural, and lacked a professional legal class.

very fast

ɹoʊmʌn lɔ ɪn ðʌ deɪz ʌv ðʌ ɹoʊmʌn ɹipʌblʌk ʌnd ɛmpaɪɜ˞ wɑz hɛvʌli pɹʌsidʒɜ˞ʌl, ʌnd lækt ʌ pɹʌfɛʃʌnʌl liɡʌl klæs.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a confined space with faint background noise.

jenny/11008

Instead a lay magistrate, iudex, was chosen to adjudicate.

instead a lay magistrate, iudex, was chosen to adjudicate.

very fast

ɪnstɛd ʌ leɪ mædʒʌstɹeɪt, , wɑz tʃoʊzʌn tu ʌdʒudɪkeɪt.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the recording itself sounds quite confined. She speaks very fast, creating a rushed impression.

jenny/11009

Decisions were not published in any systematic way, so any case law that developed was disguised and almost unrecognised.

decisions were not published in any systematic way, so any case law that developed was disguised and almost unrecognised.

very fast

dɪsɪʒʌnz wɜ˞ nɑt pʌblɪʃt ɪn ɛni sɪstʌmætɪk weɪ, soʊ ɛni keɪs lɔ ðæt dɪvɛlʌpt wɑz dɪsɡaɪzd ʌnd ɔlmoʊst .

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and she delivers her words very quickly in a moderately confined space with minimal ambient sound.

jenny/1100

What d'you think's the latest thing they've served them out with? Ear trumpets for listening through keyholes! My little girl brought one home the other night -- tried it out on our sitting-room door, and reckoned she could hear twice as much as with her ear to the hole.

what d'you think's the latest thing they've served them out with? ear trumpets for listening through keyholes! my little girl brought one home the other night tried it out on our sitting room door, and reckoned she could hear twice as much as with her ear to the hole.

very fast

wʌt di'ju θɪŋk'ɛs ðʌ leɪtʌst θɪŋ ðeɪ'vi sɜ˞vd ðɛm aʊt wɪð? iɹ tɹʌmpʌts fɔɹ lɪsʌnɪŋ θɹu kihoʊlz! maɪ lɪtʌl ɡɜ˞l bɹɔt wʌn hoʊm ðʌ ʌðɜ˞ naɪt -- tɹaɪd ɪt aʊt ɑn aʊɜ˞ sɪtɪŋ-ɹum dɔɹ, ʌnd ɹɛkʌnd ʃi kʊd hiɹ twaɪs æz mʌtʃ æz wɪð hɜ˞ iɹ tu ðʌ hoʊl.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

Jenny's voice is slightly monotone and very fast, delivered in a confined space with only slight ambient sound.

jenny/11010

Each case was to be decided afresh from the laws of the State, which mirrors the unimportance of judges' decisions for future cases in civil law systems today.

each case was to be decided afresh from the laws of the state, which mirrors the unimportance of judges' decisions for future cases in civil law systems today.

very fast

itʃ keɪs wɑz tu bi dɪsaɪdɪd ʌfɹɛʃ fɹʌm ðʌ lɔz ʌv ðʌ steɪt, wɪtʃ mɪɹɜ˞z ðʌ ʌv dʒʌdʒɪz' dɪsɪʒʌnz fɔɹ fjutʃɜ˞ keɪsʌz ɪn sɪvʌl lɔ sɪstʌmz tʌdeɪ.

female

moderate pitch

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is very monotone and speaks extremely fast in a very confined and noisy environment.

jenny/11012

This became known as the Corpus Juris Civilis.

this became known as the corpus juris civilis.

very fast

ðɪs bɪkeɪm noʊn æz ðʌ kɔɹpʌs dʒʊɹɪs .

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a very confined, clear acoustic environment.

jenny/11013

As one legal historian wrote, 'Justinian consciously looked back to the golden age of Roman law and aimed to restore it to the peak it had reached three centuries before.'

as one legal historian wrote, 'justinian consciously looked back to the golden age of roman law and aimed to restore it to the peak it had reached three centuries before.'

very fast

æz wʌn liɡʌl hɪstɔɹiʌn ɹoʊt, ' kɑnʃʌsli lʊkt bæk tu ðʌ ɡoʊldʌn eɪdʒ ʌv ɹoʊmʌn lɔ ʌnd eɪmd tu ɹɪstɔɹ ɪt tu ðʌ pik ɪt hæd ɹitʃt θɹi sɛntʃɜ˞iz bɪfɔɹ.'

female

moderate pitch

moderate ambient sound

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and her speech is delivered very rapidly in a confined environment with moderate ambient sound.

jenny/11014

The Justinian Code remained in force in the East until the fall of the Byzantine Empire.

the justinian code remained in force in the east until the fall of the byzantine empire.

very fast

ðʌ koʊd ɹɪmeɪnd ɪn fɔɹs ɪn ðʌ ist ʌntɪl ðʌ fɔl ʌv ðʌ bɪzʌntaɪn ɛmpaɪɜ˞.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

very monotone

Jenny's voice is very monotone and she speaks very fast in a quite clear and confined environment.

jenny/11015

Both these codes influenced heavily not only the law systems of the countries in continental Europe e.g.

both these codes influenced heavily not only the law systems of the countries in continental europe e.g.

very fast

boʊθ ðiz koʊdz ɪnfluʌnst hɛvʌli nɑt oʊnli ðʌ lɔ sɪstʌmz ʌv ðʌ kʌntɹiz ɪn kɑntʌnɛntʌl jʊɹʌp i.dʒi.

female

moderate pitch

quite noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a quite noisy and confined environment.

jenny/11016

Greece , but also the Japanese and Korean legal traditions.

greece , but also the japanese and korean legal traditions.

very fast

ɡɹis , bʌt ɔlsoʊ ðʌ dʒæpʌniz ʌnd kɔɹiʌn liɡʌl tɹʌdɪʃʌnz.

female

moderate pitch

very clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, spoken at a rapid pace in a confined space.

jenny/11017

Today, countries that have civil law systems range from Russia] and Turkey to most of Central and Latin America.

today, countries that have civil law systems range from russia and turkey to most of central and latin america.

very fast

tʌdeɪ, kʌntɹiz ðæt hæv sɪvʌl lɔ sɪstʌmz ɹeɪndʒ fɹʌm ɹʌʃʌ] ʌnd tɜ˞ki tu moʊst ʌv sɛntɹʌl ʌnd lætʌn ʌmɛɹʌkʌ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast, spoken in a confined space with a slight background noise.

jenny/11018

Anarchism has been practiced in society in much of the world.

anarchism has been practiced in society in much of the world.

very fast

hæz bɪn pɹæktʌst ɪn sʌsaɪʌti ɪn mʌtʃ ʌv ðʌ wɜ˞ld.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear in this recording, yet the sound is quite confined. She delivers her words at a very fast pace.

jenny/11019

Mass anarchist communities, ranging from Syria to the United States, exist and vary from hundreds to millions.

mass anarchist communities, ranging from syria to the united states, exist and vary from hundreds to millions.

very fast

mæs ænɜ˞kɪst kʌmjunʌtiz, ɹeɪndʒɪŋ fɹʌm sɪɹiʌ tu ðʌ junaɪtɪd steɪts, ɪɡzɪst ʌnd vɛɹi fɹʌm hʌndɹʌdz tu mɪljʌnz.

female

moderate pitch

very noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

In a very fast speech, Jenny delivers her words in a quite monotone tone amidst heavy background noise and an enclosed space.

jenny/1101

Of course it's only a toy, mind you.

of course it's only a toy, mind you.

very fast

ʌv kɔɹs ɪt'ɛs oʊnli ʌ tɔɪ, maɪnd ju.

female

moderate pitch

slightly clear

very confined sounding

slightly monotone

Jenny's voice is slightly monotone and spoken very fast in a quite confined space with only slight ambient sound.

jenny/11020

Anarchism encompasses a broad range of social political philosophies with different tendencies and implementation.

anarchism encompasses a broad range of social political philosophies with different tendencies and implementation.

very fast

ɛnkʌmpʌsʌz ʌ bɹɔd ɹeɪndʒ ʌv soʊʃʌl pʌlɪtʌkʌl fʌlɑsʌfiz wɪð dɪfɜ˞ʌnt tɛndʌnsiz ʌnd ɪmplʌmɛnteɪʃʌn.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny speaks very fast with a quite monotone tone in a slightly confined sounding environment, with a faint background noise present.

jenny/11021

Laws being based upon their need.

laws being based upon their need.

very fast

lɔz biɪŋ beɪst ʌpɑn ðɛɹ nid.

female

moderate pitch

quite clear

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very clear, yet the acoustic environment appears quite confined, resulting in a rapid speech delivery.

jenny/11022

Socialist law is the legal systems in communist states such as the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

socialist law is the legal systems in communist states such as the former soviet union and the people's republic of china.

very fast

soʊʃʌlʌst lɔ ɪz ðʌ liɡʌl sɪstʌmz ɪn kɑmjʌnʌst steɪts sʌtʃ æz ðʌ fɔɹmɜ˞ soʊviʌt junjʌn ʌnd ðʌ pipʌl'ɛs ɹipʌblʌk ʌv tʃaɪnʌ.

female

moderate pitch

slightly noisy

very confined sounding

quite monotone

Jenny's voice is quite monotone and very fast in a confined space with a slight background noise.