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You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You will be given a sentence containing a pronoun/person name and an emotion. From these implicit parameters, the main goal is to find the gender of the person (male / female).
Alonzo feels angry.
Solution: male
Why? The gender of the person is correct and detected mainly based on the name Alonzo.
New input: I made Alonzo feel glad.
Solution: male | task1336_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_gender_classifier | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1336_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_gender_classifier-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a question containing a blank (_) and two options. You should pick the best option to answer the question. Please answer with "A" or "B".
Megan liked to read a book good more than Samantha because _ hated the peace and quiet. (A) Megan (B) Samantha
B
The girl found a ladybug on the ceiling and a butterfly on the floor. The _ was above. (A) ladybug (B) butterfly
A
Kim could eat bread with butter or jam. She chose the _ because it was salty. (A) butter (B) jam
A
| task1391_winogrande_easy_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1391_winogrande_easy_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task, you will be given a passage, a question and a list of single-word events identified from the passage. The goal is to point out all events from the given event list that can answer the question. If a question is unanswerable or none of the events answer the question, output should be empty.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Passage: I submitted the hit. The hit was approved, and then I was paid. Question: What happened after I submitted the hit? Events: ['submitted', 'approved', 'paid'].
Solution: approved, paid
Reason: From the passage, we can infer that events approved and paid happened after the event submitted. Therefore, the answer to this question is "approved, paid".
Now, solve this instance: Passage: Saddam is facing charges in this trial over the killing of Shiite villagers, but his regime also launched the bloody Anfal campaign against the Kurds, killing more than 180,000 people over the past two decades. Clark, who with other defence lawyers briefly walked out of proceedings on Monday, has also demanded better protection for the defence lawyers. Question: What event has begun but has not finished? Events: ['facing', 'trial', 'killing', 'launched', 'campaign', 'killing', 'walked', 'proceedings', 'demanded']
Student: facing | task390_torque_text_span_selection | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task390_torque_text_span_selection-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Part 2. Example
Drapeau’s cohorts, the cohort would be a “victim” of making the bomb. Further, firebombs are inherently dangerous. There is no peaceful purpose for making a bomb. Felony offenses that involve explosives qualify as “violent crimes” for purposes of enhancing the sentences of career offenders. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii) (defining a “violent felony” as: “any crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year ... that ... involves use of explosives”). Courts have found possession of a'bomb to be a crime of violence based on the lack of a nonviolent purpose for a bomb and the fact that, by its very nature, there is a substantial risk that the bomb would be used against the person or property of another. See United States v. Newman, 125 F.3d 863 (10th Cir.1997) (unpublished) (<HOLDING>); United States v. Dodge, 846 F.Supp. 181,, Holding statements: (A) holding that possession of a pipe bomb is a crime of violence for purposes of 18 usc 3142f1 (B) holding that bank robbery by force and violence or intimidation under 18 usc 2113a is a crime of violence (C) holding that sexual assault of a child qualified as crime of violence under 18 usc 16 (D) holding for the purposes of 18 usc 924e that being a felon in possession of a firearm is not a violent felony as defined in 18 usc 924e2b (E) holding that a court must only look to the statutory definition not the underlying circumstances of the crime to determine whether a given offense is by its nature a crime of violence for purposes of 18 usc 16
Answer: (A)
Explanation: It's a good example. Based on the given prompt, option (A) is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
reasonably necessary. We affirm. Jurisdiction in the district court was proper based upon 18 U.S.C. § 3231. Jurisdiction in this court is proper based upon 28 U.S.C. § 1291. The notice of appeal was timely filed pursuant to Fed. ít.App. P. 4(b). Background In the underlying criminal matter, defendant was indicted on August 22, 1995, on one count of possession of materials involving the sexual exploitation of a minor, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2252(a)(4)(B). The indictment was based on three sexually explicit photographs, found in defendant’s home, which he had taken of his twelve-year-old stepdaughter. Defendant was tried before a jury and found guilty. On appeal, this court vacated the conviction based upon an evidentiary issue. United States v. Heidebur, 122 F.3d 577 (8th Cir.1997) (<HOLDING>). On remand, defendant pled guilty. On January
Holding statements: (A) holding that district courts admission of evidence that defendant had sexually molested his stepdaughter was improper because it showed propensity and was not probative of his knowing possession of the photographs (B) holding improper admission of hearsay evidence is reversible error only when the admission causes prejudice (C) recognizing trial courts discretion in weighing the allegedlyimproper prejudicial aspects of photographs of victims against the photographs probative value (D) holding that evidence of violent crimes and other illegal activities of defendants gang was not unduly prejudicial because defendant was not directly implicated and the evidence was probative of elements of the crimes that the defendant was charged with (E) holding that district courts findings were not clearly erroneous where there was sufficient evidence that the defendants waiver of his rights was knowing and intelligent
Answer: (A) | task268_casehold_legal_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task268_casehold_legal_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
Given a sentence, generate a most unlikely next statement. The next statement should not be logically relevant to the given context
Part 2. Example
The girls continue to speak with one another while the girl knits. They
Answer: put the bars around while speaking and play.
Explanation: This is incorrect as the girls are not playing, they are knitting.
Part 3. Exercise
The woman mixes the concoction. The woman
Answer: stands up and talks while cooking. | task454_swag_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task454_swag_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a sentence and a profession. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is identifiable using the gendered pronouns in the text and the other's gender is unidentifiable. You are expected to return whether the given profession's gender is identifiable or unidentifiable.
One example: Sentence: The farmer needed the accountant for crop tabulation and asked him for help.
Profession: accountant
Solution is here: Identifiable
Explanation: The accountant's gender is identifiable(male) because the pronoun "him" is linked to the accountant.
Now, solve this: Sentence: The baker packed the cake for the sheriff and waited for her to pay.
Profession: baker
Solution: Unidentifiable | task351_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_anti | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task351_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_anti-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task, you are given an input list. A list contains several comma-separated items written within brackets. You need to return the position of all the alphabetical elements in the given list in order. Assume the position of the 1st element to be 1. Return -1 if no alphabetical element is in the list.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
['238', 'h', '92', 'U', '2799']
Solution: 2, 4
Reason: Here, the alphabetical elements in the input list are 'h' and 'U' and they are at positions '2' and '4', respectively.
Now, solve this instance: ['8877', 'b', 'a', '2173', 'm', '5577', '2579', '7435', '2565', '7033', '61', 't']
Student: 2, 3, 5, 12 | task506_position_of_all_alphabetical_elements_in_list | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task506_position_of_all_alphabetical_elements_in_list-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
Given a scientific question, generate a correct answer to it.
Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Solution: darwin
Why? This is a direct fact that Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution.
New input: The rate of a reaction can be expressed either in terms of the decrease in the amount of what or the increase in the amount of a product per unit time?
Solution: reactant | task591_sciq_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task591_sciq_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you need to count the number of times the given letter appears in the given sentence.
Example Input: Sentence: 'person wearing all white leaned up against a wall with a yellow sign'. Find frequency of the letter 'a'
Example Output: 8
Example Input: Sentence: 'a castle like bed room that has the era of templar knight similarities'. Find frequency of the letter 'm'
Example Output: 3
Example Input: Sentence: 'a group of people next to a woman seated on a bench'. Find frequency of the letter 'g'
Example Output: 1
| task113_count_frequency_of_letter | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task113_count_frequency_of_letter-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
The given sentence contains a typo which could be one of the following four types: (1) swapped letters of a word e.g. 'niec' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (2) missing letter in a word e.g. 'nic' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (3) extra letter in a word e.g. 'nicce' is a typo of the word 'nice'. (4) replaced letter in a word e.g 'nicr' is a typo of the word 'nice'. You need to identify the typo in the given sentence. To do this, answer with the word containing the typo.
question:
Orirental family at a table with a half eaten pizza.
answer:
Orirental
question:
A mab young man riding a skateboard next to a brick building.
answer:
mab
question:
A brwn teddy bear in front of a group of trees.
answer:
brwn
| task088_identify_typo_verification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task088_identify_typo_verification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a context passage, a question, and three answer options. Your task is to return an incorrect answer option to the question from the choices given. For all questions, only one of the three answer options is correct. Pick one of the two incorrect answer options as the output.
Example: Context: Tracy didn't go home that evening and resisted Riley's attacks.
Question: What does Tracy need to do before this?
Options: (A) make a new plan (B) Go home and see Riley (C) Find somewhere to go
Example solution: B
Example explanation: Tracy finds somewhere to go and didn't come home because she has to resist Riley's attacks. So, C is the correct answer and B is acceptable as an incorrect answer.
Problem: Context: Alex was asking for donations to charity, and Alex raised a lot of money.
Question: What will Others want to do next?
Options: (A) marry Alex (B) congratulate Alex (C) reveive praise
Solution: C | task385_socialiqa_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task385_socialiqa_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Given a text passage as input comprising of dialogue of negotiations between a seller and a buyer about the sale of an item, your task is to classify the item being sold into exactly one of these categories: 'housing', 'furniture', 'bike', 'phone', 'car', 'electronics'. The output should be the name of the category from the stated options and there should be exactly one category for the given text passage.
Example: Seller: hi
Buyer: Hello
Seller: do you care to make an offer?
Buyer: The place sounds nice, but may be a little more than I can afford
Seller: well how much can you soend?
Buyer: I was looking for something in the 1500-1600 range
Seller: That is really unreasonable considering all the immenities and other going rates, you would need to come up to at least 3000
Buyer: I have seen some 2 bedrooms for that price, which I could split the cost with a roommate, so even with amenities, this may be out of my range
Seller: it may be then... the absolute lowest i will go is 2700. that is my final offer.
Buyer: Ok, I think the most I could spend on this is 2000 - we are a ways apart
Seller: ya that is far too low like i said 2700
Buyer: Ok, thanks for your consideration. I will have to keep looking for now.
Seller: good luck
Output: housing
The answer 'housing' is correct because a house is being talked about which is indicated by the mention of 'bedrooms' and 'amenities' which are words that are both related to housing.
New input case for you: Seller: Hello
Buyer: Hi, you still have that Panasonic TV for sale?
Seller: Yes and I am selling it for 60 dollars. It is in great shape and it has a lot of different features.
Buyer: Yea, I see the feature list is pretty loaded, but how old is that thing? I haven't seen a 720p screen in ages, everything, including the cheapo stuff from Walmart is like at least 1080p nowadays. Is there anyway you can come down on the price?
Seller: It is actually brand new. I am willing to come down in price. How much do you wanna spend on it?
Buyer: Well, how about $45?
Seller: That is reasonable. How about we make it 50 and I will bring it to you?
Buyer: That works for me.
Buyer:
Seller: Good doing business with you.
Seller:
Output: electronics | task767_craigslist_bargains_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task767_craigslist_bargains_classification-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you will be shown a Persian passage and question. You need to write a answer for the question. Try to keep your answers as short as possible.
Part 2. Example
هم حسی (synesthesia) فرایندی عصبشناختی است که در آن، تحریک یک گذرگاه حسی یا شناختی به تجربهای خود به خود و بیاختیار در یک گذرگاه حسی یا شناختیِ دیگر میانجامد. هم حسی درواقع به نوعی ترکیب حواس است. حرف-رنگ: افراد دارای هم حسی حرف-رنگ با دیدن حروف یا اعداد، رنگ مشخصی را همزمان مشاهده میکنند. با وجود اینکه افراد متفاوت معمولاً رنگهای متفاوتی گزارش میکنند، اما شباهتهایی در رنگهای دیده شده از حروف وجود دارد (برای مثال، حرف A معمولاً قرمز است) هم حسی حرف-رنگ، بیشتر از انواع دیگر دیده شدهاست.کرومستیزیا: این افراد با شنیدن هر نوع صدا رنگ متفاوتی میبینند به همین دلیل احتمالاً pitch perfect دارند و در زمینهٔ موسیقی استعداد زیادی دارند.هم حسی دنبالهٔ فضایی: این نوع هم حسی به این صورت است که فرد دنبالههای عددی را به صورت نقطههایی در فضا میبیند. این گونه افراد معمولاً حافظهٔ خیلی خوبی دارند.هم حسی شنوایی-لامسه ای: افراد دارای این نوع هم حسی، زمانی که صدایی میشنوند، حسی در بخشی از بدنشان تحریک میشود. مثلاً با شنیدن یک کلمهٔ خاص، حس میکنند یک بخش خاص از بدنشان انگار لمس میشود. آینه ای-لامسه ای: اینگونه افراد حسی را که فرد دیگری دارد، حس میکنند. مثلاً ممکن است فردی به پشت فرد دیگری بزند و این شخص حس کند که کسی به پشتش میزند. ممکن است به نورونهای آینه ای که در نواحی حرکتی مغز قرار دارند مربوط باشند که حس همدردی به آن برمیگردد.
Question: هم حسی چه نوع فرایندی است
Answer: عصبشناختی
Explanation: This is a good example. Based on the passage, the answer is correct.
Part 3. Exercise
دانشگاه صنعتی شریف دانشگاهی دولتی واقع در خیابان آزادی تهران، ایران است. این دانشگاه در سال ۱۳۴۴ به دستور محمدرضاشاه پهلوی و به سرپرستی محمدعلی مجتهدی گیلانی با نام دانشگاه صنعتی آریامهر بنیان گذاشته شد. دانشگاه صنعتی شریف پس از انقلاب اسلامی، در آبان ۱۳۵۸، بهافتخار یکی از دانشآموختگان آن، مجید شریف واقفی یکی از اعضای سازمان مجاهدین خلق، به دانشگاه صنعتی شریف تغییر نام داد. دانشگاه صنعتی شریف در محله طرشت تهران در نزدیکی میدان آزادی واقع شده، و پردیسی نیز در جزیره کیش در خلیج فارس دارد. این دانشگاه در حال حاضر دارای ۴۸۴ عضو هیئت علمی است که از این تعداد ۱۸۱ نفر استاد، ۱۰۵ نفر دانشیار، ۱۷۶ نفر استادیار، ۲۰ نفر مربی و ۲ نفر مربی آموزشیار میباشند. طی پنج سال گذشته بیش از ۹۰ درصد از پذیرفته شدگان مقطع کارشناسی کنکور سراسری دانشگاهها با رتبههای بین ۱ تا ۱۰۰ و بیش از ۵۰ درصد پذیرفته شدگان با رتبههای بین ۱ تا ۵۰۰، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف را برای ادامه تحصیل خود برگزیدهاند.
Question: آدرس دانشگاه شریف چیه؟
Answer: در محله طرشت تهران در نزدیکی میدان آزادی | task395_persianqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task395_persianqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
The input is taken from a negotiation between two participants who take the role of campsite neighbors and negotiate for Food, Water, and Firewood packages, based on their individual preferences and requirements. Given an utterance and recent dialogue context containing past 3 utterances (wherever available), output Yes if the utterance contains the small-talk strategy, otherwise output No. small-talk is a cooperative negotiation strategy. It is used for discussing topics apart from the negotiation, in an attempt to build a rapport with the opponent. For example, discussing how the opponent is doing during the pandemic or sharing excitement for the camping trip.
question:
Context: 'Me as well. What item is your greatest priority for your trip?' 'Firewood and my second priority is water. I'm open to negotiating though.' 'Glad to hear because I really need firewood and food. What do you propose?'
Utterance: 'I can give you 3 packages of food but I really need the additional firewood.'
answer:
No
question:
Context: 'Hi! I am excited to go camping! I would love to get 3 extra food and 3 water since we will be canoe camping and won't be able to purchase more. ' 'I am going camping too. May I ask where you are going canoe camping?'
Utterance: 'We are going to camp in Oregon. We are looking forward to it. The views and scenery should be gorgeous. How about you?'
answer:
Yes
question:
Context: 'I completely understand where you are coming from. How much food do you need?' 'I need at least 2 package of food and 3 package of water. Please do favor for me.' 'I have young teenagers who eat and drink like crazy. I will need atleast 1 package of water, I may be able to work on the food. What do you think?'
Utterance: 'I can also understand your family situation. I'll give 1 package of water.🙂'
answer:
No
| task357_casino_classification_negotiation_small_talk | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task357_casino_classification_negotiation_small_talk-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether it is plausible for the Head to desire the Tail or not. In this task, desire means desires of sentient entities. For example, doctors likely desire to cure a patient. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Example: Head: person<sep>Tail: complaints to addressed
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: This is a good example. The Head desires the Tail.
Problem: Head: person<sep>Tail: attractive to opposite sex
Solution: Yes | task1213_atomic_classification_desires | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1213_atomic_classification_desires-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you are given two phrases: Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether PersonX needs what is mentioned in the Tail before the Head or not. Here need is a precondition for PersonX to achieve the event. For example, in order for PersonX to give PersonY gifts, PersonX must first buy the presents. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
question:
Head: PersonX accepts god 's ___<sep>Tail: To be a god’s believers
answer:
Yes
question:
Head: PersonX claps PersonY's hands together<sep>Tail: to touch PersonY's hands
answer:
Yes
question:
Head: PersonX answers PersonY's letter<sep>Tail: to receive PersonY's letter
answer:
Yes
| task1202_atomic_classification_xneed | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1202_atomic_classification_xneed-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given inputs i, j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to find all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element, reverse the order in which they occur, and then concatenate them to output the resultant string. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j. Perform the operations in order, i.e., do not concatenate the elements and then reverse the string.
Q: 9, 19, ['y', '9003', 'P', '9671', '7731', 'w', '9443', 'r', 'c', 't', 'd', '7113', '2803', 'H', '7911', 'T', 'i', '6595', '9751', '2115', '8291', 'W', 'g']
A: 97516595iT7911H28037113dtc
****
Q: 4, 18, ['g', '3947', 'z', 'n', 'W', '8501', '9869', '4273', '9439', '5445', 'u', '9033', '1749', 'g', 'x', 'w', 's', '6039', '8493', 'l', 'f', '5519', '2145', '3647', '8413', '2865', '8937', '2701']
A: 6039swxg17499033u54459439427398698501Wn
****
Q: 3, 4, ['7373', 'k', '819', '4057', 'w', 'F', '713']
A: 4057819
****
| task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task101_reverse_and_concatenate_all_elements_from_index_i_to_j-fs_opt | en |
The task is to write a full sentence or two using all of the information given. The sentence(s) will be a brief review of a restaurant. Use all of the information provided.
Example Input: name[xname], cuisine[English], price[more than £30], rating[high], location[riverside], familyFriendly[yes], near[xnear]
Example Output: Near xnear in the Riverside area is a high customer rated, child friendly restaurant serving English food,in a price range of more than £30, named xname.
Example Input: name[xname], recommend[yes], cuisine[Italian], decor[bad], location[Midtown], price[affordable], service[bad]
Example Output: You want to know more about xname? I know it is in Midtown and, although it is affordable, it offers bad ambiance. it's an Italian restaurant with rude staff. you would like it.
Example Input: name[xname], recommend[yes], cuisine[Southern], qual[acceptable], location[Manhattan], price[cheap]
Example Output: Because xname is cheap and a Southern place. xname is in Manhattan with decent food, I guess you would adore xname.
| task1598_nyc_long_text_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1598_nyc_long_text_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task you will be given a process, and a question. The process contains a sequence of steps that happen in order. The question asks about the effect of a certain event on another event. If the first event has a positive effect on the second event, answer with "for", if it has a negative effect, answer with "against". If there's no causal relationship between the two, answer with "none".
Example input: Process: -Forest fires burn forests -The animals living in the forest have fewer places to hide -Predators can now find their prey eaiser -Birds will fly away from the area -Waters warm up which hurts the fish swimming in them.
Question: What is the effect of people are less careful about putting out their campfires on a greater negative effect on animals.?
Example output: for
Example explanation: If people are less careful about putting out campfires, it will result in a greater negative effect on animals.
Q: Process: -The salt water is heated -As the saltwater is heated the water becomes a gas -The salt particles sink to the bottom of the container -Gaseous water is piped into another container -Allowed to cool -The salt particles are left behind in the first container -The second container contains fresh water.
Question: What is the effect of higher amounts carbon dioxide released on more water becomes a gas.?
A: none | task1727_wiqa_what_is_the_effect | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1727_wiqa_what_is_the_effect-fs_opt | en |
You are provided with a user review of a restaurant. Your task is to classify the given review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Q: Surprise happiness. Funky and interesting neighborhood. Plenty of street parking. Good vibe inside. Very tasty coffee drinks and friendly, warm, accommodating staffers. The food looks great, though I didn't try it yet. I'll be back!
A: positive
****
Q: I don't know a lot about bubble tea but I know I love what they are sellin' to be at Bubble World!The prices are quite decent for bubble tea and I am not addicted to the Milky Mango Ice Cream Slush! It's like a milkshake with a super sweet fruity flavor, drools!This location serves up food and apparently a lot of bad rap music. They have a decent amount of seating but it is almost always full, I find it too loud in there but it's perfect for grabbing a delicious beverage to go!
A: positive
****
Q: I ate there on a Wednesday for lunch. I had the Miso soup, which was excellent. I had the Japanese Bento Box 'Chilean Bass'. Every component was perfectly prepared. The service was quick and friendly. Our waitress was excellent. I would definitely visit this restaurant again.
A: positive
****
| task746_yelp_restaurant_review_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task746_yelp_restaurant_review_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given an abstract of article. Your task is to generate title for this article. Preferred titles are under thirty words.
Example input: Alterations of the architecture of cerebral white matter in the developing human brain can affect cortical development and result in functional disabilities. A line scan diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence with diffusion tensor analysis was applied to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient, to calculate relative anisotropy, and to delineate three-dimensional fiber architecture in cerebral white matter in preterm (n = 17) and full-term infants (n = 7). To assess effects of prematurity on cerebral white matter development, early gestation preterm infants (n = 10) were studied a second time at term. In the central white matter the mean apparent diffusion coefficient at 28 wk was high, 1.8 microm2/ms, and decreased toward term to 1.2 microm2/ms. In the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the mean apparent diffusion coefficients at both times were similar (1.2 versus 1.1 microm2/ms). Relative anisotropy was higher the closer birth was to term with greater absolute values in the internal capsule than in the central white matter. Preterm infants at term showed higher mean diffusion coefficients in the central white matter (1.4 +/- 0.24 versus 1.15 +/- 0.09 microm2/ms, p = 0.016) and lower relative anisotropy in both areas compared with full-term infants (white matter, 10.9 +/- 0.6 versus 22.9 +/- 3.0%, p = 0.001; internal capsule, 24.0 +/- 4.44 versus 33.1 +/- 0.6% p = 0.006). Nonmyelinated fibers in the corpus callosum were visible by diffusion tensor MRI as early as 28 wk; full-term and preterm infants at term showed marked differences in white matter fiber organization. The data indicate that quantitative assessment of water diffusion by diffusion tensor MRI provides insight into microstructural development in cerebral white matter in living infants.
Example output: Microstructural development of human newborn cerebral white matter assessed in vivo by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging.
Example explanation: This title is appropriate for the given abstract because the focus of this abstract is cerebral white matter assesment.
Q: We propose a model wherein chronic stress results in glucocorticoid receptor resistance (GCR) that, in turn, results in failure to down-regulate inflammatory response. Here we test the model in two viral-challenge studies. In study 1, we assessed stressful life events, GCR, and control variables including baseline antibody to the challenge virus, age, body mass index (BMI), season, race, sex, education, and virus type in 276 healthy adult volunteers. The volunteers were subsequently quarantined, exposed to one of two rhinoviruses, and followed for 5 d with nasal washes for viral isolation and assessment of signs/symptoms of a common cold. In study 2, we assessed the same control variables and GCR in 79 subjects who were subsequently exposed to a rhinovirus and monitored at baseline and for 5 d after viral challenge for the production of local (in nasal secretions) proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6). Study 1: After covarying the control variables, those with recent exposure to a long-term threatening stressful experience demonstrated GCR; and those with GCR were at higher risk of subsequently developing a cold. Study 2: With the same controls used in study 1, greater GCR predicted the production of more local proinflammatory cytokines among infected subjects. These data provide support for a model suggesting that prolonged stressors result in GCR, which, in turn, interferes with appropriate regulation of inflammation. Because inflammation plays an important role in the onset and progression of a wide range of diseases, this model may have broad implications for understanding the role of stress in health.
A: Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk. | task1586_scifact_title_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1586_scifact_title_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given two strings A,B. Find the longer of the two lists, convert it to lowercase, and return all the unique alphabets used in it. The two input strings are never equal.
One example: JkbloNUq, nYblowj
Solution is here: b, j, k, l, n, o, q, u
Explanation: Here, 'JkbloNUq' is the longer string among the two input strings. Lowercasing it and finding all unique alphabets gives 'b, j, k, l, n, o, q, u'.
Now, solve this: rrgzkIoHcPBOrcthetLhJ, EDHYXzzkIoHcPBOrjXNmCxM
Solution: b, c, d, e, h, i, j, k, m, n, o, p, r, x, y, z | task756_find_longert_substring_and_return_all_unique_alphabets_in_it | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task756_find_longert_substring_and_return_all_unique_alphabets_in_it-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a fact statement and question based on the fact. Your task is to generate the correct answer for the question. The answer needs to be generated using the context fact statement.
One example is below.
Q: Fact: deep sea animals live deep in the ocean. Question: Frilled sharks and angler fish live far beneath the surface of the ocean, which is why they are known as?
A: Deep sea animals
Rationale: This is the correct answer since the fact says that deep sea animals live deep in the ocean and the question asks for what fish who live deep in the ocean are called.
Q: Fact: planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem. Question: To positively affect the environment?
A: cultivate dogwoods and oaks | task1399_obqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1399_obqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a statement spoken by a politician in natural language. Your task is to generate the subject of the discussion for the given statement. The subject generated is not necessarily a part of the given input. Your answer should contain one or more words.
Ex Input:
This years redistricting has been the most open, interactive and transparent redistricting process in Tennessee history.
Ex Output:
redistricting
Ex Input:
Since 1965, the United States has spent untold trillions yet the poverty rate hasnt budged.
Ex Output:
federal-budget
Ex Input:
ISIS leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi was released by Obama in 2009.
Ex Output:
iraq
| task613_politifact_text_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task613_politifact_text_generation-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task you are given a tweet and you must identify whether the tweet contains any offense or any form of (untargeted) profanity. Label the post as NOT if the post does not contain offense or profanity. Non-offensive posts do not include any form of offense or profanity. label the post as OFFENSIVE if the post contains offensive language or a targeted (veiled or direct) offense. Twitter user mentions were substituted by @USER and URLs have been substitute by URL.
question:
@USER @USER Ikkk he is a fucking prince 6al3 mn al stories bta3in Disney kida ahhooo😹😭😹😭😹💜💜💜
answer:
OFFENSIVE
question:
@USER @USER @USER Trump proposes racial profiling as a tactic 'to start thinking about' URL
answer:
NOT
question:
@USER @USER Phil is right socialists are the new fascists like antifa. Thanks to soros
answer:
NOT
| task286_olid_offense_judgment | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task286_olid_offense_judgment-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
Drapeau’s cohorts, the cohort would be a “victim” of making the bomb. Further, firebombs are inherently dangerous. There is no peaceful purpose for making a bomb. Felony offenses that involve explosives qualify as “violent crimes” for purposes of enhancing the sentences of career offenders. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii) (defining a “violent felony” as: “any crime punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year ... that ... involves use of explosives”). Courts have found possession of a'bomb to be a crime of violence based on the lack of a nonviolent purpose for a bomb and the fact that, by its very nature, there is a substantial risk that the bomb would be used against the person or property of another. See United States v. Newman, 125 F.3d 863 (10th Cir.1997) (unpublished) (<HOLDING>); United States v. Dodge, 846 F.Supp. 181,, Holding statements: (A) holding that possession of a pipe bomb is a crime of violence for purposes of 18 usc 3142f1 (B) holding that bank robbery by force and violence or intimidation under 18 usc 2113a is a crime of violence (C) holding that sexual assault of a child qualified as crime of violence under 18 usc 16 (D) holding for the purposes of 18 usc 924e that being a felon in possession of a firearm is not a violent felony as defined in 18 usc 924e2b (E) holding that a court must only look to the statutory definition not the underlying circumstances of the crime to determine whether a given offense is by its nature a crime of violence for purposes of 18 usc 16
Solution: (A)
Why? It's a good example. Based on the given prompt, option (A) is correct.
New input: policy. (Dkt. No. 345, Ex. 1 at APP00005 — 6; Dkt. No. 349, Ex. 42 at APP00961-62, APP00973.) 13 . The plaintiffs also alleged a claim relating to an improper MDL Fund deduction, but later abandoned that claim. 14 . Even assuming that the O’Quinn Firm were entitled to coverage under the 2001 Primary Policy, it is highly doubtful that coverage under the 2001 Excess Policy would ever be triggered because under the terms of the O'Quinn Firm’s settlement with National Union, National Union did not pay, did not admit liability, and was not held liable to pay the full amount of its indemnity under the 2001 Primary Policy. (Dkt. Nos. 380, 381 & 385). The plain language of the 2001 Excess Policy requires otherwise. See Citigroup Inc. v. St. Paul Mercury Ins. Co., 649 F.3d 367 (5th Cir.2011) (<HOLDING>) 15 . Lexington also argues that “any matter
Holding statements: (A) holding that insured was not required to suffer an excess judgment before it could sue its excess insurer and primary insurer for bad faith failure to settle where it was alleged the insurers arbitrarily refused to settle and insured was required to pay 1 million in settlement to avoid near certainty of larger judgment that would exceed all available coverage (B) holding that the excess carrier was liable only for the insureds deductible which was not covered by the primary insurer (C) holding that insurer was liable for amount in excess of policy limits because it breached its duty to defend (D) holding that policy limits are not a defense to coverage and that policy limits define the amount of coverage (E) holding that excess coverage in four policies was not triggered until primary insurer satisfied the requirements necessary to trigger the excess insurers coverage and paid the full amount of its limits
Solution: (E) | task268_casehold_legal_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task268_casehold_legal_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given the title of a story consisting of five sentences, numbered 1 through 5. Your job is to determine which two sentences need to be swapped sentences in order to make a story that makes complete sense and is befittingly titled. Indicate your answer using the numbers of the two sentences in order, such as '34' or '25'. The first digit refers to the sentence which should come first in the story.
Example input: Title: Marcus Buys Khakis. Sentence 1: Marcus needed clothing for a business casual event. Sentence 2: The pair he bought fit him perfectly. Sentence 3: He decided to buy a pair of khakis. Sentence 4: All of his clothes were either too formal or too casual. Sentence 5: Marcus was happy to have the right clothes for the event.
Example output: 24
Example explanation: Marcus's reasons for buying khakis is established, followed by his purchase of them and reaction.
Q: Title: The Bat. Sentence 1: The family saw something fly through the living room. Sentence 2: It was a bat! Sentence 3: The dad cornered the bat in a closet. Sentence 4: They all screamed and ran around. Sentence 5: He scooped it up in a bucket and threw it outside.
A: 34 | task218_rocstories_swap_order_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task218_rocstories_swap_order_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be shown a conversation and a question. You need to write an implausible answer to the question. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. "W" and "M" in the conversations stand for "woman" and "man".
Example: M: I am considering dropping my dancing class. I am not making any progress. W: If I were you, I stick with it. It's definitely worth time and effort., Question: What does the man suggest the woman do?
Example solution: Take a more interesting class.
Example explanation: This is a good example. Based on the conversation, the man thinks the dancing class is worth time and effort. So, the man doesn't suggest her to take a more interesting class and one of the wrong answers is "Take a more interesting class.".
Problem: M: Hello, Macy Agency. W: Good morning. I'd like to book a return ticket from London to Paris on Monday, July 14th, please. M: Yes, Madam. We have a flight at 14: 30, Is that suitable? W: Oh, that's fine. And how much will that cost, please? M: The price is $ 420 for the return flight. W: Good. Which airport does the flight leave from? M: It leaves from Heathrow Airport. Check in time is one hour before departure. W: My name is Susan Smith. Can I pick up the ticket tomorrow morning? M: Sure, we'll have it ready soon, so come whenever you like after that. W: Thank you. M: You are welcome., Question: Where does the flight go?
Solution: To London. | task283_dream_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task283_dream_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a text of many news articles seperated by special token "|||||". Your task is to summarize them.
--------
Question: A Texas man's attempt to find the perfect isolated spot to pop the question atop a Colorado mountain on Saturday ended with newly engaged couple having to be rescued after an hours-long, harrowing experience.
The Boulder County Sheriff's Office said that Joshua Mason, 27, and his girlfriend, Katie Davis, 28, flew from Denton, Texas to Denver on Friday before setting out on a hike at the Fouth of July Trailhead to Jasper Peak on the Continental Divide the following day.
“Mason was hoping to find an isolated scenic location ‘away from any other people’ to propose to Davis,” the sheriff’s office said. “They found exactly such a location, and Davis happily accepted the surprise proposal.”
After hiking more than 8.2 miles and ascending 3,000 feet to the nearly 13,000-foot summit, the newly engaged couple discovered the carefully planned engagement took an abrupt turn.
“As it started getting dark, there’s no trail to see. It’s not clearly marked,” Boulder County Sheriff Mountain Deputy Dan Walter told FOX31.
The sheriff's office said the couple was not wearing warm clothes, was carrying little water and was not acclimated to the higher terrain. The two ended up getting "disoriented" and lost until about midnight, when a camper hiking in the area heard their screams.
SELFIE NEARLY TURNS DEADLY AFTER MAN FALLS INTO POTOMAC RIVER, RESCUED BY WITNESSES
“They had come down a ridge line and cliffed-out. They came to a cliff and couldn’t go any further and were yelling for help," Walter told FOX31. "By the grace of God, (the camper) happened to be hiking by where he could hear them."
The man told authorities the couple was showing signs of altitude sickness and severe dehydration when he discovered them. He led the pair to a group of his friends that were camping at a nearby lake.
"One of them recognized this is a serious situation that they were in," Walter said.
One of the campers in the group hiked down to her vehicle in the middle of the night to then drive to call 911 for help. Rescue crews were able to reach the couple by 4:30 a.m., and walked the two of them down to the trailhead by 6:30 a.m. on Sunday.
"Mason acknowledged that he did not allow enough time to complete the hike before dark, and they did not carry enough water or food," the sheriff's office said.
Despite the harrowing ordeal, the newly engaged couple appear to be ready to start planning the big day.
"Last thing I said, 'So is the engagement still on?'" Walter told Fox31, "and she said, 'oh yes.'" ||||| A couple from Texas were rescued early this morning after getting lost after a hike that ended with a marriage proposal, according to the Boulder County Sheriff's Office.
Joshua Mason, 27, and his girlfriend, Katie Davis, 28, flew Friday to Denver from Denton, Texas. On Saturday, Mason took Davis on a hike from the Fourth of July Trailhead northwest of Nederland to Jasper Peak on the Continental Divide.
An 8.2 mile hike with an elevation gain of more than 3,000 feet to the nearly 13,000 foot summit, Mason was hoping to find an isolated scenic location "away from any other people" to propose to Davis, according to the sheriff's office.
Mason found the spot he was looking for, and Davis accepted his surprise proposal, according to the sheriff's office.
But the couple got a late start, not leaving the trailhead until around noon. They also were carrying little water and weren't equipped for cold weather or to camp overnight. With no readily identifiable trail to Jasper Peak, they became disoriented and got lost after dark, according to the sheriff's office.
They were found by a lone hiker, who led them to a group of his friends camping at Diamond Lake. They were showing signs of altitude sickness and severe dehydration, and the campers provided them with water, food and shelter in a tent, according to the sheriff's office.
Because of the couple's condition, one of the campers hiked down from Diamond Lake to her vehicle at the trailhead, drove to Nederland for cell service and called 911 at about 2 a.m. Sunday.
Advertisement
Boulder County Sheriff's deputies, the Nederland Fire Protection District and the Rocky Mountain Rescue Group responded.
A Nederland Fire paramedic located the campers at Diamond Lake at about 4:30 a.m. He determined that the couple needed to move to a lower altitude immediately, and they were both able to walk down to the trailhead assisted by rescuers with the Rocky Mountain Rescue Group.
They arrived at the trailhead and their rental car at about 6:30 a.m. and didn't require further medical treatment — but told deputies that the engagement was still on.
Amy Bounds: 303-473-1341, boundsa@dailycamera.com or twitter.com/boundsa |||||
Answer: A Texas man went a bit too far in his quest for the perfect marriage proposal: Joshua Mason, 27, and Katie Davis, 28, ended up in "a serious situation" and having to be rescued by authorities. The couple flew from Texas to Denver Friday and set out on a hike the next day near Nederland, Colo., the Boulder Daily Camera reports. "Mason was hoping to find an isolated scenic location 'away from any other people' to propose," says the Boulder County Sheriff's Office. They hiked more than 8 miles to the nearly 13,000-foot-high summit of Jasper Peak on the Continental Divide, and Davis said yes to the proposal ... but then it started getting dark, the trail wasn't clearly marked, and the newly engaged couple ran into big trouble, a Boulder County Sheriff Mountain Deputy tells Fox 31. They weren't wearing warm clothes, didn't have enough water, and hadn't gotten acclimated to the altitude. They got disoriented and were lost for hours, ultimately ending up on a cliff and unable to go any further; around midnight, a camper in the area heard them screaming. He found them and led them to the rest of his group, and one of the campers realized they were showing signs of severe dehydration and altitude sickness, the deputy says. One of the campers hiked down to her vehicle so she could drive somewhere to call 911, and rescue crews arrived to the couple's location by 4:30am. They were back at the trailhead by 6:30am Sunday and did not require further medical assistance. "Last thing I said [to the couple was], 'So is the engagement still on?'" the deputy says. "And she said, 'Oh yes.'"
Question: Judge T.S. Ellis has expressed skepticism about the scope of special counsel Robert Mueller’s investigation. “What we don’t want in this country is . . . anyone with unfettered power,” Judge Ellis, who is to preside over the trial of former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort, told prosecutor Deputy Solicitor General Michael Dreeben May 4. “So it’s unlikely you’re going to persuade me that the special prosecutor has unlimited powers.”
Judge Ellis is right to be skeptical. Mr. Mueller’s investigation has crossed a constitutional... ||||| In an early-morning tweet last week, President Trump took aim once again at Special Counsel Robert Mueller, but with a brand new argument: “The appointment of the Special Councel,” the president typed, “is totally UNCONSTITUTIONAL!”
The president swiftly fixed the spelling of Mueller’s title, but he stuck with his constitutional claim, in a reissued tweet:
The appointment of the Special Counsel is totally UNCONSTITUTIONAL! Despite that, we play the game because I, unlike the Democrats, have done nothing wrong! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) June 4, 2018
He didn’t explain what his argument was, or where he got it, but a good guess is that it came from some recent writings by a well-respected conservative legal scholar and co-founder of the Federalist Society, professor Steven Calabresi. Unfortunately for the president, these writings are no more correct than the spelling in his original tweet. And in light of the president’s apparent embrace of Calabresi’s conclusions, it is well worth taking a close look at Calabresi’s argument in support of those conclusions.
Calabresi has made his argument in a Wall Street Journal op-ed, on a Federalist Society teleconference and in a more detailed paper he styles as a “Legal Opinion.” He contends that all of Special Counsel Mueller’s work is unconstitutionally “null and void” because, in Calabresi’s view, Mueller’s appointment violates the Appointments Clause of the Constitution, Article II, Section 2, Clause 2.
The Appointments Clause distinguishes between two classes of executive-branch “officers”—principal officers and inferior officers—and specifies how each may be appointed. As a general rule, the clause says that “Officers of the United States”—principal officers—must be nominated by the president and appointed “with the Advice and Consent of the Senate.” At the same time, however, the Appointments Clause allows for a more convenient selection method for “inferior officers”: It goes on to add, “but the Congress may by law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the Heads of Departments.”
Calabresi argues that Special Counsel Mueller is acting as a principal officer and that, accordingly, Mueller’s appointment violates the Constitution because Mueller was appointed by the acting attorney general, and not by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. In support of this broad point, Calabresi makes first a specific claim and then a more general one.
His specific claim, made at the outset of his “Legal Opinion,” is that “Robert Mueller has behaved like the 96 [sic] U.S. Attorneys who are principal officers of the United States and who must be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.” His more general, and overarching, claim is that under Supreme Court case law applying the Appointments Clause, Special Counsel Mueller is a principal officer because “because Mueller does not have a boss who is supervising and directing what he is doing.”
Calabresi’s first point—the illustrative comparison between Mueller and the U.S. attorneys—begins with a badly mistaken premise. Without citing anything at all, he repeatedly assumes, in both his op-ed and his “Legal Opinion” paper, that “Congress has specified that the 96 [sic] U.S. Attorneys are all principal officers who must be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.” (Emphasis mine.)
This assumption is just wrong—uncomplicatedly, flatly wrong. It is true that, typically, the 93 (not 96) U.S. attorneys are presidentially nominated and Senate-confirmed. But Congress has established an alternative method of appointment. Title 28 U.S.C. § 546 provides that, until the Senate confirms a presidential nominee, U.S. attorney vacancies can be filled for up to 120 days by an appointment made by the attorney general and then indefinitely by local district courts. Such non-presidential, non-Senate-confirmed appointees are, as one court of appeals has put it, “fully-empowered United States Attorneys, … not subordinates assuming the role of ‘Acting’ United States Attorney.” And such fully-empowered, non-presidentially-appointed U.S. attorneys are not all that uncommon. Today, the sitting United States attorneys in two of the most important judicial districts in the country—the Southern and Eastern Districts of New York—were appointed by the judges of those districts under Section 546(d).
And so “the Congress … by … vest[ing] the Appointment” of U.S. attorneys “in the Courts of law” and “in the Heads of Departments,” obviously recognized that U.S. attorneys are “inferior officers.” But Congress is not the only branch of the government to have reached this conclusion. In 1978, the question was expressly put to the Justice Department’s Office of Legal Counsel. OLC’s conclusion: U.S. attorneys are inferior officers, because the law “authorizes the Attorney General to direct all U.S. Attorneys in the discharge of their duties.”
Not to be left out, members of the third branch—which has made a lot of these appointments—have also agreed. The Supreme Court has never squarely addressed the point under the Appointments Clause, but in discussing presidential removal power in Myers v. United States, the Supreme Court specifically referred to “a United States attorney” as an example of “an inferior officer.” More recently, in Morrison v. Olson, the high court approvingly noted how “Congress itself has vested the power to make [U.S. attorney] interim appointments in the district courts” under 28 U.S.C. § 546(d), and observed that “[l]ower courts have also upheld [those] interim judicial appointments of United States Attorneys” under the Appointments Clause. These lower courts include two federal courts of appeals, one of which rejected an Appointments Clause challenge to a U.S. attorney who had served under a judicial appointment for more than six years.
Accordingly, there is no serious dispute: U.S. attorneys are inferior officers. So if what Robert Mueller is really doing is, as Calabresi suggests, “behav[ing] like the [93] U.S. Attorneys,” then Calabresi’s argument immediately collapses on itself. Mueller is an inferior officer, just as U.S. attorneys are.
But it is even worse than that for Calabresi’s thesis—Mueller’s Office of Special Counsel appears, on its face, to be inferior in size and authority than many, if not most, U.S. attorney’s offices throughout the nation.
As the president is wont to point out these days, Mueller’s office consists of few more than a dozen lawyers—roughly the size of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Wyoming—and the scope of his work is quite narrow. Contrast some of the larger U.S. attorney’s offices—such as that of the court-appointed U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York. That office comprises roughly 220 lawyers, and the scope of its work is breathtaking—covering, just for starters, “domestic and international terrorism, white collar crime, securities and commodities fraud, public corruption, cybercrime, narcotics and arms trafficking, gang violence, organized crime, and civil rights violations.” If the U.S. attorney who runs that office is an “inferior officer,” then so too is Robert Mueller.
So much for Calabresi’s comparison of the special counsel to U.S. attorneys—but his more general, overarching contention under the Appointments Clause fares just as poorly. He argues that under the Supreme Court’s Appointments Clause precedents, Special Counsel Mueller must be considered a principal officer “because Mueller does not have a boss who is supervising and directing what he is doing.” In making this argument, he generally states the law correctly—but engages in what can only be described as a highly tendentious description of the special counsel’s mandate and work.
Calabresi rightly observes that the best explanation of the Appointment Clause’s meaning may be found in Justice Antonin Scalia’s opinion for the Supreme Court in Edmond v. United States. There, Justice Scalia expressed an understanding of “inferior officers” that dovetails with the 1978 OLC opinion that found U.S. attorneys to be inferior officers:
Generally speaking, the term “inferior officer” connotes a relationship with some higher ranking officer or officers below the President: Whether one is an “inferior” officer depends on whether he has a superior. It is not enough that other officers may be identified who formally maintain a higher rank or possess responsibilities of a greater magnitude. If that were the intention, the Constitution might have used the phrase “lesser officer.” Rather, in the context of a Clause designed to preserve political accountability relative to important Governmental assignments, we think it evident that “inferior officers” are officers whose work is directed and supervised at some level by others who were appointed by Presidential nomination with the advice and consent of the Senate.
From this legal jumping-off point, Calabresi—citing absolutely nothing—goes on to conclude that no principal officer at the Justice Department is “‘supervising and directing’ the work of Robert Mueller.” Calabresi paints Mueller as a rogue prosecutor run amok: He bizarrely accuses Mueller of, among other things, orchestrating “controlled leaks of information to the press designed to embarrass the President and hinder him in the performance of his duties,” “wiretapp[ing] telephone calls covered by Attorney-client [sic] privilege between President Trump and his longtime personal lawyer Michael Cohen,” and “illegally obtain[ing] a phone log of Cohen’s phone calls.” In support of all these serious charges and other censorious claims, Calabresi cites nothing.
Against this unsupported rhetoric, moreover, there is an actual public record—an extensive one—to cite and review. A record consisting of, among other things, the regulations that govern Mueller's activities; the order under which he was appointed; the correspondence and sworn testimony of the principal officer, Acting Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, who appointed Mueller; as well as an actual court decision discussing the special counsel’s authority. All these materials make clear that Special Counsel Mueller is an inferior officer, appropriately supervised and directed by Rosenstein. (To be clear, Rosenstein did not appoint Mueller directly pursuant to the regulations but rather incorporated the regulations by reference in his appointment letter, which he issued under his statutory authority under 28 U.S.C. §§509, 510, and 515.)
First, the regulations: They require the acting attorney general to provide “a specific factual statement of the matter to be investigated” and to determine “whether to include … additional matters within the Special Counsel’s jurisdiction or assign them elsewhere.” They also provide that the acting attorney general “may request that the Special Counsel provide an explanation for any investigative or prosecutorial step” and that he may veto that action if he concludes that it is “inappropriate or unwarranted under established Departmental practices.” And the regulations mandate that Mueller, at the conclusion of his investigation, must provide Acting Attorney General Rosenstein with a report “explaining the prosecution or declination decisions” reached by his office.
If that were not enough, when the Department of Justice promulgated these regulations, it explained that, in any matter handled by a special counsel, “it is intended that ultimate responsibility for the matter and how it is handled will continue to rest with the Attorney General (or the Acting Attorney General if the Attorney General is personally recused in the matter),” and thus, the regulations “explicitly acknowledge the possibility of review of specific decisions reached by the Special Counsel.” In short, the special counsel regulations make crystal clear that Mueller is “directed and supervised” by Rosenstein—that the special counsel does, in fact, have a boss.
Consider next the order appointing Mueller, Rosenstein’s correspondence to Mueller, and Rosenstein’s testimony: The publicly issued appointment order, as well as an internal Justice Department memorandum from Rosenstein to Mueller that has been publicly filed in court in redacted form, make clear that the acting attorney general has complied with his obligation to provide the special counsel “a specific factual statement of the matter to be investigated.” Beyond this, the acting attorney general has given congressional testimony about his direction and supervision of the special counsel. In that testimony, Rosenstein swore, among other things, that:
“I know what [Mueller’s] doing. I’m properly exercising my oversight responsibilities, and so I can assure you that the special counsel is conducting himself consistently with our understanding about the scope of his investigation.”
“[T]he consultation” with Mueller “is much more detailed than” about simply whether the investigation should be expanded beyond its original scope. “He consults with me about their investigation, both within and without the scope. So I know what they’re authorized to do.”
Rosenstein and Mueller have “had ongoing discussion about exactly what is within the scope of his investigation. And, to the extent there was any ambiguity about it, he’s received my permission to include those matters within his investigation.”
Mueller “understands that [he] is a special counsel … not an independent counsel.”
“I’m accountable for what they’re doing, and I need to know what they’re doing.”
“[W]e know what’s under investigation.”
“[W]hatever it may be, I’m responsible for and I know what he’s investigating.”
“As I said, Congressman, I know what he’s doing. If I felt he was doing something inappropriate, I would take action.”
“I’m not aware of any impropriety. We do have regulations; the special counsel is subject to all the department’s rules and subject to oversight by the department, including the inspector general. I’m not aware of any violation of those rules by the special counsel employees.”
Rosenstein’s testimony thus confirms that Special Counsel Mueller does have an active principal-officer boss—indeed, it suggests that Mueller is probably being supervised and directed more closely than any of the 93 U.S attorneys from Maryland to Guam.
Beyond this, there is a recent court decision that actually discusses the special counsel’s authority—and it likewise refutes Calabresi’s claim that Mueller has somehow run amok. In United States v. Manafort, former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort moved to dismiss the indictment against him, on the ground that the special counsel had exceeded the scope of his appointment order. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia squarely rejected this assertion: Contrary to Calabresi’s claim that “Mueller has without any real supervision by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein … indicted Paul Manafort … on two counts of misconduct having nothing to do with collusion with Russia,” the district judge expressly found that, given Manafort’s extensive financial ties to Russian-backed Ukrainian politicians, Mueller’s investigation and prosecution of Manafort was “an appropriate exercise of the Special Counsel’s authority” under the terms of the appointment order—and that, indeed, “the Special Counsel would have been remiss” not to investigate Manafort.
So not only does Mueller have a boss, and not only is the boss keeping tabs on Mueller, but, according to this judicial decision, Mueller is also faithfully following his boss’s orders.
That disposes of Calabresi’s Appointment Clause contentions, but Calabresi makes one additional constitutional point—and it’s a very, very, very odd one. It is based upon Morrison v. Olson, the 7-1 Supreme Court decision in 1988 that upheld the markedly different, long-expired independent-counsel provisions of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978.
To conservative lawyers of my generation, Morrison is, to say the least, a deeply unsettling decision, because it upheld the creation of a truly “independent” prosecutor—an official who was exercising purely executive power, the power to prosecute, yet was doing so not only outside the Justice Department but, effectively, outside the entire executive branch. It provoked one of Justice Scalia’s greatest dissents—to my mind, one of the greatest dissents of all time.
The majority in Morrison upheld the independent counsel mechanism against a variety of constitutional attacks—including an Appointments Clause claim and a separation-of-powers claim. It rejected the Appointments Clause claim because four factual circumstances were present: the independent counsel was ultimately removable “for cause” by the attorney general, though unsupervised by him; the independent counsel had “limited duties,” involving merely investigation and prosecution; the counsel was “limited in jurisdiction”; and she was “limited in tenure.” As for the overall separation-of-powers claim, the court held, in the last major section of its opinion, that the independent counsel scheme did not “unduly interfer[e] with the role of the Executive Branch.”
For his part, Justice Scalia dissented vigorously and brilliantly from both holdings. As for the Appointments Clause, presaging his later opinion for the court in Edmond, he concluded that the independent counsel was a principal officer, and not an inferior officer, because she was subordinate to no one in the executive branch. As for the separation-of-powers holding in Morrison, Justice Scalia decried the “ad hoc, standardless” “balancing test” applied by the court. “[H]ow much removal of Presidential power is too much?” he plaintively asked. In the stirring conclusion to his dissent, Justice Scalia declared his preference to “rely upon the judgment” of the people who “constructed our system … and approved it,” when they declared “quite plainly,” in Article II, § 1 of the Constitution, “that ‘[t]he executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States.”
I have already said enough about the Appointments Clause: The special counsel passes muster even under Justice Scalia’s test, which under Edmond is now the law. But on the basis of Morrison, Calabresi launches one further attack, albeit a half-hearted one, on the special counsel: He actually suggests that, in contrast to the independent counsel scheme upheld in Morrison, “[t]he Mueller appointment also violates the final part of [the] Morrison opinion”—the separation-of-powers holding—“because it interferes ‘too much’ with the President’s executive power.”
This is almost too much to bear, because what happened in Morrison was that Congress passed a statute that took prosecutorial power—purely executive power—away from, and out of, the executive branch. Cue Justice Scalia’s dissent: “the statute before us deprives the President of exclusive control over that quintessentially executive activity” and “[t]he Court does not, and could not possibly, assert that it does not.” “[T]he independent counsel exercises executive power free from the President’s control.” “[T]he independent counsel is not an inferior officer because she is not subordinate to any officer in the Executive Branch (indeed, not even to the President).” Despite all that, the majority in Morrison did not think the old independent counsel law stripped “too much” executive power away from the executive.
Contrast that with the situation here—where not even Justice Scalia would think any power has been removed from the executive. Here there was no statute imposed by Congress, just a regulation—a regulation promulgated by and within the executive branch. Specifically, a Justice Department regulation promulgated by the attorney general, an officer fireable at will by the president. And what does this regulation do? It simply divides work among lawyers within the Department of Justice—within the executive branch. It surely doesn’t remove any executive power from the executive branch.
And not only that, the special counsel regulations can be unilaterally revoked by the very executive branch that unilaterally created them. Indeed, according to Attorney General Janet Reno when she issued the special counsel regulations in 1999, those regulations aren’t even subject to notice-and-comment rulemaking, because they relate to “matters of agency management or personnel,” and “agency organization, procedure, or practice”—which suggests they could be dispensed with equally unceremoniously as well. In short, not only does the special counsel regulation not take power away from the executive branch, but the internal rearrangement of authority it brings about within that branch could be relatively easily undone by a presidentially removable principal officer. No matter how you cut it, to borrow Justice Scalia’s words, there has been no “removal of Presidential power”—none—let alone too much.
In short, there is no serious argument that Special Counsel Mueller’s appointment violates the Appointments Clause specifically or the separation of powers generally.
* * *
A final observation: It isn’t very surprising to see the president tweet a meritless legal position, because, as a non-lawyer, he wouldn’t know the difference between a good one and a bad one. And there is absolutely nothing wrong with lawyers making inventive and novel arguments on behalf of their clients, or on behalf of causes or people they support, if the arguments are well-grounded in law and fact, even if the arguments ultimately turn out to be wrong. But the “constitutional” arguments made against the special counsel do not meet that standard and had little more rigor than the tweet that promoted them. Such a lack of rigor, sadly, has been a disturbing trend in much of the politically charged public discourse about the law lately, and one that lawyers—regardless of their politics—owe a duty to abjure. ||||| (CNN) George Conway, the husband of counselor to the President Kellyanne Conway, embraced a position on Monday that he's slyly promoted on Twitter for weeks -- his support for Robert Mueller's legal authority in the Russia investigation.
Conway defended Mueller's ongoing investigation as constitutional in a column he published Monday on the national security and legal blog Lawfare. Its title: "The Terrible Arguments Against the Constitutionality of the Mueller Investigation."
The column comes one week following President Donald Trump's tweets called Mueller's appointment "unconstitutional" and after indicted former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort tried repeatedly to cut into the special counsel's authority, with no success yet.
Over the almost 3,500-word essay, Conway argues how the Justice Department gives the special counsel powers to investigate and prosecute crimes and describes how both Congress and the courts have empowered such investigations. He sets up his argument in direct response to the President's tweets.
Conway then attacks the law professor Steven Calabresi, who's argued that Mueller has acted outside the Constitution. Calabresi "paints Mueller as a rogue prosecutor run amok: He bizarrely accuses Mueller of" leaking, Conway writes on Lawfare. "In support of all these serious charges and other censorious claims, Calabresi cites nothing."
Read More |||||
Answer: If Kellyanne Conway has to go on TV to defend her boss' argument that the Robert Mueller appointment is unconstitutional, she might well be presented with a detailed argument to the contrary from her husband. George Conway, who the Washington Post notes is a respected conservative attorney, has written a 3,500-word piece in the Lawfare blog whose headline pretty much sums things up: "The Terrible Arguments Against the Constitutionality of the Mueller Investigation." Conway gives the president a bit of a pass for his June 4 tweet complaining that the Mueller appointment "is totally UNCONSTITUTIONAL!”" Yes, it's a "meritless legal position," writes Conway, but Trump is not a lawyer and thus "wouldn’t know the difference between a good one and a bad one." He's less forgiving of attorneys who make that case. "The ‘constitutional’ arguments made against the special counsel … have little more rigor than the tweet that promoted them,” Conway writes. “Such a lack of rigor, sadly, has been a disturbing trend in much of the politically charged public discourse about the law lately, and one that lawyers—regardless of their politics—owe a duty to abjure." Conway suspects Trump's opinion is based on an essay by legal scholar Steven Calabresi in the Wall Street Journal, and Conway picks apart Calabresi's rationale that Mueller has exceeded his authority. “Unfortunately for the president,” Conway writes, “these writings are no more correct than the spelling in his original tweet.” (Trump initially spelled "counsel" as "councel.") Read the full essay here. CNN has more background on Conway and how he has "slyly" promoted this position for weeks on Twitter.
Question: A fatal car crash left four children orphaned in Georgia on Saturday, BuzzFeed News reports. A police officer dispatched to the family’s address found himself unable to impart the news, and instead took the children for fast food and then back to the precinct for candy.
In a statement posted to Facebook by the Georgia Department of Public Safety, Trooper Nathan Bradley said that he and other officers found D.J. and Crystal Howard dead in their car after the wreck this past Halloween. He, a county deputy, and the coroner made their way to the couple’s address, less than a mile away. They knocked on the door, which swung open to reveal four children: 13; 10; 8; and 6 years old. Their parents had gone out to get more face paint, the children said, and would be back shortly.
The children’s next of kin, their grandmother, had been promptly informed of the parents’ death, but she was in Florida, seven hours away. With his superior’s approval, Bradley decided not to tell the children that their parents were dead until she arrived the next day.
“I wanted to preserve these kids’ Halloween and the ones to come,” he wrote. “I ran over to the kids and asked if any of them would like to go eat with me. Again, they mentioned their parents would be arriving soon. It was important to me that I would not lie to them. I acknowledge their statement and threw out that their grandmother would be meeting with us later that evening.” So, they went for burgers and ice cream, and afterwards to the precinct, where they spent the night.
(“I figured yeah, something bad must have happened, because if nothing bad happened then all these troopers wouldn’t be here,” the eldest, Justin Howard, said later.)
“After their showers, they were tucked into bed,” Bradley wrote. “The little girl grabbed my attention when she said ‘You turned an F-Minus day into an A-Plus night!’ I can’t begin to explain how hard it was to hear that, considering the night would be memorable but for reasons that were yet to be disclosed to them.”
Their grandmother arrived early the next morning. “We both agreed that it would be best for the children to finish sleeping and to be told of their parent’s fate the next day,” Bradley wrote. “We hoped that they would then relate the tragedy to November 1st, rather than Halloween. After the kids woke up, we walked them to the truck so that they could head home.”
“The 13-year-old would remind us of the task ahead by saying ‘Hopefully mom and dad will be home by now.’ I wanted to remain in these kids lives, so I took one of my trooper ball caps and on the bill, I wrote a note telling the eldest to never change. I also wrote down my number so that he could contact me if he needed support.”
Bradley also started a GoFundMe, which has raised nearly $120,000 to help pay for the cost of the funeral and moving the children to Florida to live with their grandmother. “He’s helping us so much right now,” the children’s grandmother told WSBTV.
“It’s definitely humbling,” Bradley told BuzzFeed. “It’s amazing how fast social media and all the media outlets have spread that… It’s been fantastic.”
“Our purpose was to preserve future holidays as far as Halloween goes,” he told WSBTV. “I don’t want this tragedy to shadow the rest of their lives.”
Now! There are...several things to say about this story:
The cops putting this on Facebook as a public relations victory (“Compassion is a core value of our Department”) is gross.
Instead of associating Halloween with the tragic death of his parents, the eldest—at least initially, and eventually, probably the rest of the kids—will associate it with being deceived for literally hours on end by an authority figure withholding from him the fact that his parents had died. “It was important to me that I would not lie to them,” Bradley wrote. Except, in choosing not to tell the children that their parents were dead, he did lie—that is not necessarily, in itself, a bad thing. That is to say: this is a legitimate ethical conundrum and very much up for debate. BuzzFeed’s headline: “A Cop Who Had To Tell Four Kids Their Parents Died Tried To Give Them An Amazing Halloween.” Presenting this as a feel-good story is both repulsive and stupid.
This tragedy will shadow these children rest of their lives no matter how long Bradley waited to tell them and no matter how much money anyone donates.
Would you have told the children that their parents were dead? Let us know in the comments! ||||| Just One More Thing...
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Close ||||| on behalf of Ben Fierman JACKSON, GA Nathan Bradley
Hello,
I'd like to thank you for taking the time to read this. I am a State Trooper with the Georgia State Patrol. Our purpose is to work cooperatively with all levels of government to provide a safe environment for residents and visitors to our state. We are primarily focused on the enforcement of traffic laws, as well as the investigation of crashes - which brings me here.
This past Halloween (October 31st 2015), I overheard an operator going over the details of a wreck with a trooper that was a couple counties away. "Single vehicle wreck with possible fatalies" she regretably informed. I urgently typed the provided address into my GPS - the wreck wasn't but twenty minutes away. I started making my way down the road, letting dispatch know I would be en route.
After a drive that would feel like an eternity, I could see a display of blue, red and amber lights in the distance. I exited my patrol car and felt the stillness in the air - the emergency personel weren't scurring and a crowd of witnesses were covering their mouths off to the side. I approached the horrific scene to validate what I had already suspected. We conducted our investigations and were now responsible for contacting the familes of the two occupants involved. They had matching addresses, which was less than a mile away.
A county deputy, the deputy coroner and myself made our way to the house that was backed into the woods. You could hear dogs barking behind the wooden door as we knocked with desperation. The door hesitantly opened and there behind the locked screen door stood four children in full costume - a 13-year-old Freddy Krueger, 10-year-old daughter of a Dracula, 8-year-old wizard and a 6-year-old that appeared to be a firefighting ninja turtle. We were lost with words. The deputy then asked the eldest boy if anybody was home, hoping for a 'Yes' but the boy would unknowingly disappoint us. "My parents went to the store to get more face paint. They told us not to open the door for anybody, but they should be back soon."
We would stall for the next hour while we frantically search the national databases for the closest relative. We were able to reach the kids' paternal grandmother. She had wished for my call to be a cruel Halloween Prank. I urged her to please come to the house and claim custody of the children. She informed me that she lived in south Florida, but would be on her way. During my phone conversation, I watched through my windshield as the three youngest children ran around the yard, laughing.
The sun was set and their grandmother wouldn't arrive for seven hours. I'm nearly a quarter century old in age; I've never been responsible for a child's life and suddenly I was the custodian of four. I didn't know what else I could do, so I squeezed the talk button on my radio and asked radio to notify the Department of Family and Child Services.
I immediately fell ill. Not only would these children discover they lost both parents, but would spend their Halloween in a county jail until somebody could tend to them; it just wasn't right. I pulled the deputy coroner to the side and told him that I was split. I wanted to preserve these kids' Halloween and the ones to come. I suggested that I'd care for them until their family was able to. Being a retired commander with the state patrol, I desired his approval, which he eagerly gave.
I ran over to the kids and asked if any of them would like to go eat with me. Again, they mentioned their parents would be arriving soon. It was important to me that I would not lie to them. I acknowledge their statement and threw out that their grandmother would be meeting with us later that evening. They piled into the unit and buckled up. I activated the emergency equipment in a poor attempt to occupy their minds. The eldest son told me that he thought my campaign cover and two trooper ball caps were cool. I thanked him for his compliment and told him he could wear them, if he chooses. When I asked where they liked to eat, I was bombarded with four seperate suggestions. They all had two cravings in common; Ice cream and candy.
The three youngest, who were sitting in the back couldn't control their excitment. The little girl mentioned that going out to eat was rare in their family because her mom is such a great cook. Another part of me torn. We stopped by McDonald's to grab the 10-year-old a large fry and the 6-year-old a Happy Meal, as requested. We then drove several miles to the nearest Burger King; the 8-year-old desired a Whopper with onions on it. I ordered us all milkshakes, again hopping to absorb as much time as possible.
As the group enjoyed their meals, I slipped away to answer a call from my Corporal. He had called to check up on me and was made aware of the situation. I have the best supervisors in the state, so I wasn't suprised when he told me that he was bringing his wife and their son to meet us. The manager suggested that we stayed as long as we needed to, but it was time for us to get going. She gave the group some crowns to wear and said her goodbyes. The eldest son hugged her tightly and said, "We give hugs in our family." as the younger siblings followed the lead.
I asked the children if they were wanting to find some candy. They all cheered and load back into the car. The girl asked if I was a fan of Law and Order: SVU. I couldn't help but laugh. I joked that she couldn't possibly enjoy that show at her age. She interjected that she was a fan of many police shows, but "nobody was better than Olivia and Stabler". She stressed that she records every episode but her DVR no longer has space. She had plans to help clear the reruns with her mother.
The eldest son, who sat to my right would carry on in convesations that were beyond his age. We discussed topics such as the observable universe and his father's service with the military. He explained to me that his father served in the United States Army for eight years, completing two tours; one to Afghanistan and the other in Iraq. He told me how intelligent his father is, even sharing some of his idea for inventions to better the lives of fellow soldiers. He further explained that his father was honorably discharged after tearing his ACL.
I was amazed at the maturity level of the "Kids". I asked how'd they get to be so smart. They gave credit to their parents, whom homeschooled each of them. The eldest stated his mother was the teacher, but his father was the principal. We both chuckled.
As we made our way to the post, the boys celebrated me "being the best cop ever". They didn't know I was bearing terrible news, so I struggled to accept the praise. We made it to the post and I gave them a tour. I explained to them how we accept each other as family and that the post was a shared home. I further explained that being that it was our home, they shouldn't be surprised should other people drop in. That was my attempt to disspell any suspicion they may gain after my Corporal arrived.
It was now about 10PM. My Corporal arrived with his family, bringing some candy, popcorn and a variety of Disney films. The three youngest sat on the couch, while the eldest read a magazine. I had to excuse myself after receiving a phone call from a number I did not recognize. It was the Sheriff of the county where the family was from. He had heard about what occured and asked if there was anything he could do to help. I told him they children wanted candy and I that we were running low. He stated he would do his best and would be in touch.
As we watched Monster House, there was a knock at the door. It was three residents that heard the news and felt the need to help. In their hands were decorated goodie bags made up of candy and small toys! The kids were absolutely delighted and the visitors helped with entertainment. Shortly after they left, the Sheriff arrived carrying four holiday buckets full of candy! The kids were so excited, especially the lilttle girl that loves cop shows. She stood on the couch and explained how she never met a real sheriff before. The sheriff was touched by the children. He held conversations with each beofre pulling the 13-year-old to the side and presented him with a miniature deputies badge, made of metal. I could tell the boy admired the gift.
The night continued and it would be another five hours before their grandmother arrived. We have several bedrooms on location, each with their own bathroom. We suggested they stay the night until their grndmother arrived; they agreed so we escorted them to their rooms. After their showers, they were tucked into bed. The little girl grabbed my attention when she said "You turned an F-Minus day into an A-Plus night!" I can't begin to explain how hard it was to hear that, considering the night would be memorable but for reasons that were yet to be disclosed to them.
Grandmother arrived just before dawn. We discussed the mechanics of the crash, her role as their guardian and options availble when it comes to funeral arrangements. We both agreed that it would be best for the children to finish sleeping and to be told of their parent's fate the next day. We hoped that they would then relate the tragedy to November 1st, rather than Halloween. After the kids woke up, we walked them to the truck so that they could head home. The 13-year-old would remind us of the task ahead by saying "Hopefully mom and dad will be home by now." I wanted to remain in these kids lives, so I took one of my trooper ball caps and on the bill, I wrote a note telling the eldest to never change. I also wrote down my number so that he could contact me if he needed support.
I told you all that to help you understand the series of unfortunate events:
The children lost both parents.
They children will now be moved from Georgia to Florida.
Due to the move, they will be placed into public schools.
And they would have to rid of their pets (they have about six dogs; two of which are pregnant) because their guardians are unable to tend to them.
I was contacted by the 13-year-old this morning; I was glad he felt comfortable reaching out to me. He told me that it is going to cost his grandparents $7,000 dollars to transport his parents to Florida and the remaining funeral costs.
The Georgia State Patrol as four core values: Trust, Fortitude, Professionalism and Compassion. Although, you may not be a Georgia State Trooper, I'm hoping you could help me with the compassion part. All sums donated will be given directly to the family to be used for funeral costs. Any additional donations after our initial $7,000 goal is reached, will be placed into a trust fund that is setup by the family and will be used to provide higher education to the four children involved.
This is important to me because I have bonded so closely with this family. We weighed out other options and I strongly disagree with the parents being left in Georgia, while the family remains in Florida. These children must be able to visit their parents' graves during their adolescent years and well into their adult years.
Considering the circumstances, the need for donations is urgent. Any donation amount will help, but if you are unable to donate I appreicate you taking the time to read and share this message.
Thank you. ||||| Hello,
I'd like to thank you for taking the time to read this. I am a State Trooper with the Georgia State Patrol. Our purpose is to work cooperatively with all levels of government to provide a safe environment for residents and visitors to our state. We are primarily focused on the enforcement of traffic laws, as well as the investigation of crashes - which brings me here.
This past Halloween (October 31st 2015), I overheard an operator going over the details of a wreck with a trooper that was a couple counties away. "Single vehicle wreck with possible fatalies" she regretably informed. I urgently typed the provided address into my GPS - the wreck wasn't but twenty minutes away. I started making my way down the road, letting dispatch know I would be en route.
After a drive that would feel like an eternity, I could see a display of blue, red and amber lights in the distance. I exited my patrol car and felt the stillness in the air - the emergency personel weren't scurring and a crowd of witnesses were covering their mouths off to the side. I approached the horrific scene to validate what I had already suspected. We conducted our investigations and were now responsible for contacting the familes of the two occupants involved. They had matching addresses, which was less than a mile away.
A county deputy, the deputy coroner and myself made our way to the house that was backed into the woods. You could hear dogs barking behind the wooden door as we knocked with desperation. The door hesitantly opened and there behind the locked screen door stood four children in full costume - a 13-year-old Freddy Krueger, 10-year-old daughter of a Dracula, 8-year-old wizard and a 6-year-old that appeared to be a firefighting ninja turtle. We were lost with words. The deputy then asked the eldest boy if anybody was home, hoping for a 'Yes' but the boy would unknowingly disappoint us. "My parents went to the store to get more face paint. They told us not to open the door for anybody, but they should be back soon."
We would stall for the next hour while we frantically search the national databases for the closest relative. We were able to reach the kids' paternal grandmother. She had wished for my call to be a cruel Halloween Prank. I urged her to please come to the house and claim custody of the children. She informed me that she lived in south Florida, but would be on her way. During my phone conversation, I watched through my windshield as the three youngest children ran around the yard, laughing.
The sun was set and their grandmother wouldn't arrive for seven hours. I'm nearly a quarter century old in age; I've never been responsible for a child's life and suddenly I was the custodian of four. I didn't know what else I could do, so I squeezed the talk button on my radio and asked radio to notify the Department of Family and Child Services.
I immediately fell ill. Not only would these children discover they lost both parents, but would spend their Halloween in a county jail until somebody could tend to them; it just wasn't right. I pulled the deputy coroner to the side and told him that I was split. I wanted to preserve these kids' Halloween and the ones to come. I suggested that I'd care for them until their family was able to. Being a retired commander with the state patrol, I desired his approval, which he eagerly gave.
I ran over to the kids and asked if any of them would like to go eat with me. Again, they mentioned their parents would be arriving soon. It was important to me that I would not lie to them. I acknowledge their statement and threw out that their grandmother would be meeting with us later that evening. They piled into the unit and buckled up. I activated the emergency equipment in a poor attempt to occupy their minds. The eldest son told me that he thought my campaign cover and two trooper ball caps were cool. I thanked him for his compliment and told him he could wear them, if he chooses. When I asked where they liked to eat, I was bombarded with four seperate suggestions. They all had two cravings in common; Ice cream and candy.
The three youngest, who were sitting in the back couldn't control their excitment. The little girl mentioned that going out to eat was rare in their family because her mom is such a great cook. Another part of me torn. We stopped by McDonald's to grab the 10-year-old a large fry and the 6-year-old a Happy Meal, as requested. We then drove several miles to the nearest Burger King; the 8-year-old desired a Whopper with onions on it. I ordered us all milkshakes, again hopping to absorb as much time as possible.
As the group enjoyed their meals, I slipped away to answer a call from my Corporal. He had called to check up on me and was made aware of the situation. I have the best supervisors in the state, so I wasn't suprised when he told me that he was bringing his wife and their son to meet us. The manager suggested that we stayed as long as we needed to, but it was time for us to get going. She gave the group some crowns to wear and said her goodbyes. The eldest son hugged her tightly and said, "We give hugs in our family." as the younger siblings followed the lead.
I asked the children if they were wanting to find some candy. They all cheered and load back into the car. The girl asked if I was a fan of Law and Order: SVU. I couldn't help but laugh. I joked that she couldn't possibly enjoy that show at her age. She interjected that she was a fan of many police shows, but "nobody was better than Olivia and Stabler". She stressed that she records every episode but her DVR no longer has space. She had plans to help clear the reruns with her mother.
The eldest son, who sat to my right would carry on in convesations that were beyond his age. We discussed topics such as the observable universe and his father's service with the military. He explained to me that his father served in the United States Army for eight years, completing two tours; one to Afghanistan and the other in Iraq. He told me how intelligent his father is, even sharing some of his idea for inventions to better the lives of fellow soldiers. He further explained that his father was honorably discharged after tearing his ACL.
I was amazed at the maturity level of the "Kids". I asked how'd they get to be so smart. They gave credit to their parents, whom homeschooled each of them. The eldest stated his mother was the teacher, but his father was the principal. We both chuckled.
As we made our way to the post, the boys celebrated me "being the best cop ever". They didn't know I was bearing terrible news, so I struggled to accept the praise. We made it to the post and I gave them a tour. I explained to them how we accept each other as family and that the post was a shared home. I further explained that being that it was our home, they shouldn't be surprised should other people drop in. That was my attempt to disspell any suspicion they may gain after my Corporal arrived.
It was now about 10PM. My Corporal arrived with his family, bringing some candy, popcorn and a variety of Disney films. The three youngest sat on the couch, while the eldest read a magazine. I had to excuse myself after receiving a phone call from a number I did not recognize. It was the Sheriff of the county where the family was from. He had heard about what occured and asked if there was anything he could do to help. I told him they children wanted candy and I that we were running low. He stated he would do his best and would be in touch.
As we watched Monster House, there was a knock at the door. It was three residents that heard the news and felt the need to help. In their hands were decorated goodie bags made up of candy and small toys! The kids were absolutely delighted and the visitors helped with entertainment. Shortly after they left, the Sheriff arrived carrying four holiday buckets full of candy! The kids were so excited, especially the lilttle girl that loves cop shows. She stood on the couch and explained how she never met a real sheriff before. The sheriff was touched by the children. He held conversations with each beofre pulling the 13-year-old to the side and presented him with a miniature deputies badge, made of metal. I could tell the boy admired the gift.
The night continued and it would be another five hours before their grandmother arrived. We have several bedrooms on location, each with their own bathroom. We suggested they stay the night until their grndmother arrived; they agreed so we escorted them to their rooms. After their showers, they were tucked into bed. The little girl grabbed my attention when she said "You turned an F-Minus day into an A-Plus night!" I can't begin to explain how hard it was to hear that, considering the night would be memorable but for reasons that were yet to be disclosed to them.
Grandmother arrived just before dawn. We discussed the mechanics of the crash, her role as their guardian and options availble when it comes to funeral arrangements. We both agreed that it would be best for the children to finish sleeping and to be told of their parent's fate the next day. We hoped that they would then relate the tragedy to November 1st, rather than Halloween. After the kids woke up, we walked them to the truck so that they could head home. The 13-year-old would remind us of the task ahead by saying "Hopefully mom and dad will be home by now." I wanted to remain in these kids lives, so I took one of my trooper ball caps and on the bill, I wrote a note telling the eldest to never change. I also wrote down my number so that he could contact me if he needed support.
I told you all that to help you understand the series of unfortunate events:
The children lost both parents.
They children will now be moved from Georgia to Florida.
Due to the move, they will be placed into public schools.
And they would have to rid of their pets (they have about six dogs; two of which are pregnant) because their guardians are unable to tend to them.
I was contacted by the 13-year-old this morning; I was glad he felt comfortable reaching out to me. He told me that it is going to cost his grandparents $7,000 dollars to transport his parents to Florida and the remaining funeral costs.
The Georgia State Patrol as four core values: Trust, Fortitude, Professionalism and Compassion. Although, you may not be a Georgia State Trooper, I'm hoping you could help me with the compassion part. All sums donated will be given directly to the family to be used for funeral costs. Any additional donations after our initial $7,000 goal is reached, will be placed into a trust fund that is setup by the family and will be used to provide higher education to the four children involved.
This is important to me because I have bonded so closely with this family. We weighed out other options and I strongly disagree with the parents being left in Georgia, while the family remains in Florida. These children must be able to visit their parents' graves during their adolescent years and well into their adult years.
Considering the circumstances, the need for donations is urgent. Any donation amount will help, but if you are unable to donate I appreicate you taking the time to read and share this message.
Thank you.
Share now to help this campaign Share Tweet 76k total shares total shares |||||
Answer: Donald and Crystal Howard went out on Halloween to buy more face paint and candy. But the Georgia parents were killed in a car crash near their Morgan County home, leaving a young state trooper with a terrible task: breaking the news to their four kids, ages 6 to 13, NPR reports. But 24-year-old Trooper Nathan Bradley, who found out it would take their next nearest relative hours to get there, didn't want the kids to find out the tragic news from a stranger; he also wanted to protect the memory of Halloween for them. So instead, he took the children out for burgers, followed by a movie night back at the trooper post, where they were joined by the sheriff and other residents. It wasn't easy. "It was important to me that I would not lie to them," Bradley tells the Atlanta Journal Constitution, noting he distracted the kids and changed the subject when their parents were brought up. The kids' grandma arrived the next morning and told the children the terrible news. Bradley gave the oldest child his phone number so he could call whenever he needed to and set up a GoFundMe page for the kids, which has amassed $225,000 as of this writing. The kids are now preparing to move to Florida with their grandmother. Not everyone finds the story inspirational. Over at Gawker, Brendan O'Connor wonders if the trooper should have been upfront with the kids in what he labels "a legitimate ethical conundrum." "Instead of associating Halloween with the tragic death of his parents, the eldest—at least initially, and eventually, probably the rest of the kids—will associate it with being deceived for literally hours on end by an authority figure withholding from him the fact that his parents had died." (Hear the entire story from Bradley's perspective on the GoFundMe page.)
| task1291_multi_news_summarization | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1291_multi_news_summarization-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be given a set of steps that are required to answer a specific question. Your job is to generate that question. Each given step refers to either an entity (known or unknown), a propery of an entity or a query operation (count, group, union, etc.) Knowing those operations and how they appear in the input may help you generate more accurate questions.
Select: A select step is used to return a set of objects. There are no references to previous steps in a select step. template: Return [attributes]
Filter: A filter step is used to return results from a previous step to which a certain condition applies. template: Return [#step] [condition]
Project: A project step should return certain attributes of the results of a previous step. template: Return [attributes] of [#step]
Aggregate: An aggregate step returns an aggregator function applied on a step's result. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step].
Group: A group step is an aggregator applied on attributes. template: Return the [aggregator] of [#step] for each [attribute]
Superlative: A superlative step is used to return the result with a highest/lowest attribute among other results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [is] [highest / lowest]
Comparative: A comparative step is used when we need to compare an attribute with a number to filter results. template: Return [#step1] [where] [#step2] [comparator] [number]
Union: A union step is used to return results of two steps together. template: Return [#step1] [or / ,] [#step2]
Intersection: An intersection step returns the result that two steps have in common. template: Return [attribute] of both [#step1] and [#step2]
Discard: A discard step returns result of a step and excludes result of another step from it. template: Return [#step1] besides [#step2]
Sort: A sort returns result of another step in a specific order. template: Return [#step1] [ordered / sorted by] [#step2]
Is true: An is true step checks a condition on another result and returns a true or false. template: Return [is / if] [condition]
Arithmetic: An arithmatic step operates an arithmatic operation on one or more steps. template: Return the [arithmetic op.] of [#step1] [and] [#step2].
[Q]: #1 return Eberhardt became a flag officer
#2 return Eberhardt became a gunnery officer
#3 return when was #1
#4 return when was #2
#5 return which is lowest of #3 , #4
[A]: What happened first: Eberhardt became a flag officer or gunnery officer?
[Q]: #1 return spaniel
#2 return #1 that are outdoors
#3 return grass
#4 return #2 that are in #3
#5 return images
#6 return number of #4 for each #5
#7 return #5 where #6 is equal to one
#8 return number of #5
#9 return number of #7
#10 return if #8 is equal to #9
#11 return #1 that is lefthand
#12 return #11 that stands in profile
#13 return if #12 is turned leftward
#14 return if both #10 and #13 are true
[A]: If each image contains one spaniel outdoors in the grass, and the lefthand dog stands in profile turned leftward.
[Q]: #1 return left image
#2 return dogs in #1
#3 return #2 that are corgi
#4 return number of #3
#5 return If #4 is at most two
[A]: If the left image contains no more than two corgi dogs.
| task184_break_generate_question | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task184_break_generate_question-fs_opt | en |
Indicate if the following Polish tweet contains cyber-bullying content with 'Yes'; otherwise, respond with 'No'.
Example Input: Tweet: @anonymized_account nie wsadzaj wszystkich do jednego worka :) nie wszyscy są debilami :) , Question: Is the tweet free of any cyberbullying (harmful) content?
Example Output: Yes
Example Input: Tweet: @anonymized_account To raczej pytanie do Pereza :) , Question: Is the tweet free of any cyberbullying (harmful) content?
Example Output: Yes
Example Input: Tweet: @anonymized_account Jeszcze Podolski od jakiegoś czasu. , Question: Does the tweet contain cyberbullying (harmful) content?
Example Output: No
| task839_cdt_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task839_cdt_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a statement, the genre to which that statement belongs, and a label indicating if the statement should be agreed with (entailment), disagreed with (contradiction), or neither (neutral). Your job is to write a sentence that describes the genre that follows the tone with respect to the statement, as indicated by the label. If sentence X agrees with sentence Y, the can be concluded from one another. If sentence X disagrees with sentence Y, they can not be correct at the same time. The sentence must also belong to the genre specified.
[EX Q]: Statement: The apology shows what a sensitive person you are, while you needn't alter your behavior at all, unless your slaves are doing something unkind to Galileo or that gimpy dog of his.
Label: neutral.
Genre: slate.
[EX A]: You aren't doing anything wrong except the owning of slaves in general.
[EX Q]: Statement: Beautifully landscaped Son Vida Golf hosts the Balearics' Open, while the 10th hole at Golf Santa Ponca .
Label: contradiction.
Genre: travel.
[EX A]: Golf Santa Ponca only has eight holes available for golfing.
[EX Q]: Statement: what yeah yeah it's uh i'm watching Saturday Night Live here
Label: entailment.
Genre: telephone.
[EX A]: Right now I'm watching the TV show Saturday Night Live.
| task203_mnli_sentence_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task203_mnli_sentence_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a sentence which is either in the Gujarati language or English language. You task is to identify the language of input sentence. Input sentence can be in Gujarari or English language only and also it cannot have two languages at a time.
Example input: A herd of sheep standing together grazing in a pasture.
Example output: English
Example explanation: Input sentence is in English language.
Q: In a bathroom, three scenic photos, framed in black, are hung above the toilet.
A: English | task441_eng_guj_parallel_corpus_gu-en_language_identification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task441_eng_guj_parallel_corpus_gu-en_language_identification-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a context tweet and an answer. Your job is to generate a question for the given answer based on the given tweet paragraph. Note that your question should be answerable based on the given tweet, and the answer to your question should be the given answer.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Context: Our prayers are with the students, educators & families at Independence High School & all the first responders on the scene. #PatriotPride— Doug Ducey (@dougducey) February 12, 2016 Answer: independence high school
Solution: at which school were first responders on the scene for?
Reason: We can see that independence high school should answer the generated question. Based on the tweet, all the first responders are on the scene at independence high school. So we can create a question based on this sentence.
Now, solve this instance: Context: Klopp: "I'm firmly convinced we will stay up!" #scfbvb Borussia Dortmund (@BVB) February 5, 2015 Answer: klopp
Student: who is firmly convinced they will stay up? | task240_tweetqa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task240_tweetqa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a dialogue between a customer and a flight booking agent with a gap in the conversation. Your job is to find the answer of the previous dialogue. Avoid using irrelevant extra information while creating the answer. The answer should be relevant to the question before the blank. If you fill the blank with a question, it should have an answer from the agent in the given dialogue. Fill the gap marked with underline.
Example input: customer: Hello.
agent: Hello. How may I help you?
customer: I would like to do some changes in my existing reservation, can you please help me out?
agent: Sure, I will help you in booking. May I know your name to proceed further?
__
agent: Alexander Hernandez, regret to inform that there is no active reservation found under your name to amend.
customer: That's ok, no problem. Thank you for the information.
agent: Thank you for reaching us.
Example output: customer: Sure, myself Alexander Hernandez.
Example explanation: This is pretty forward, based on the answer after the blank, the answer would be to know the name of the person, and the name is mentioned in the next dialogue to the blank
Q: customer: Hi.
agent: Hello, how may I aid you?
customer: I am Ruth Rodriguez. I want to cancel my recent reservation, due to health issue. Can you help me out?
agent: Sure, please wait.
customer: Ok.
__
customer: Not an issue.
agent: Thank you for approaching us.
customer: Thank you for choosing us, have a nice day.
A: agent: Sorry, we are unable to find a reservation on your name in the database. | task574_air_dialogue_sentence_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task574_air_dialogue_sentence_generation-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
One example is below.
Q: Category: WHO'S BUYING?
Clue: YouTube, in 2006
A: google
Rationale: Google acquired, i.e. bought, YouTube in 2006 for $1.65 billion.
Q: Category: A MOVIE BEFORE, THEN DINNER AFTER
Clue: Brat Pack detention in a 1985 film leads to a meal with 3 slices of toast, turkey, bacon & mayo
A: the breakfast club sandwich | task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given inputs i,j, and A, where i and j are integers and A is a list. You need to list all elements of A from the ith element to the jth element in the reverse order. i and j will be non-negative, and will always have a value less than the length of A. i will always be less than j.
[Q]: 11, 14, ['5061', 'Q', 'c', 'c', 'u', 'B', 'q', '1817', '9931', '7593', '9779', 'a', 'R', '687', '5715', '1637', 'm']
[A]: 687, R, a, 9779
[Q]: 7, 15, ['A', '6719', 'G', 'Q', 'i', '3379', '5373', '7013', 'V', 'C', '6461', '7269', '2211', '3179', '4745', 'N', '5449', '1057', 'M', 'a', '6433', 'E', 'q', '303']
[A]: 4745, 3179, 2211, 7269, 6461, C, V, 7013, 5373
[Q]: 1, 1, ['u', 'f']
[A]: u
| task099_reverse_elements_between_index_i_and_j | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task099_reverse_elements_between_index_i_and_j-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given two sentences. Indicate if the first sentence clearly entails the second sentence (i.e., one can conclude the 2nd sentence by reading the 1st one). Indicate your answer with '1' if the first sentence entails the second sentence, otherwise answer with '0'.
See one example below:
Problem: Sentence 1: No Weapons of Mass Destruction Found in Iraq Yet. Sentence 2:Weapons of Mass Destruction Found in Iraq.
Solution: 0
Explanation: In our first statement we clearly say that Iraq does not have any weapon of mass destruction but the second sentence says that weapon of mass destruction is found in Iraq which is contradiction. Hence output will be 0 for non entailment.
Problem: Sentence 1: Passions surrounding Germany's final match at the Euro 2004 soccer championships turned violent when a woman stabbed her partner in the head because she didn't want to watch the game on television. Sentence 2: A woman passionately wanted to watch the soccer championship.
Solution: 0 | task1344_glue_entailment_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1344_glue_entailment_classification-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
Based on the given context, craft a common-sense question, especially those that are LONG, INTERESTING, and COMPLEX. The goal is to write questions that are easy for humans and hard for AI machines! To create such questions, here are some suggestions: A. What may (or may not) be the plausible reason for an event? B. What may (or may not) happen before (or after, or during) an event? C. What may (or may not) be a plausible fact about someone (or something)? D. What may (or may not) happen if an event happens (or did not happen)? You can also create other types of questions. DO NOT make your question answerable without looking at the context, or question of which the correct answer can be directly extracted from the context. DO NOT ask a question that requires very specialized knowledge that is not common sense. DO NOT ask too simple or too short questions. Your question must be related to the context and answerable with common sense. Try to add more variations and complexity to the questions.
Part 2. Example
Context: I was told, in person over the phone, that my shoes were on their way. They have my money. I have no shoes.
Answer: What may happen before I called them?
Explanation: The question can not be answered directly from context and requires commonsense.
Part 3. Exercise
Context: I offer this story to explain how I have come to be fascinated with working with children ... Today I worked the toddler nap time , filling in while the regular teachers had breaks , alone in a room with 9 sleeping children and one cranky wakeful child . She wanted her mommy , she screamed and cried for mommy . I spent the entire hour dreading that she would wake one of the other children , fighting to keep her on her mat and not screaming , mutually exclusive goals . Oh , and ideally , she would get a good nap , too , before naptime was finished .
Answer: Where might the narrator work ? | task023_cosmosqa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task023_cosmosqa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
See one example below:
Problem: Context: Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend 'Venite Ad Me Omnes'. Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.
Question: To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France?
Solution: Saint Bernadette Soubirous
Explanation: This is the correct answer. Because the question is asking for the name of the person and following sentence from the passage answers it: It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858.
Problem: Context: Cellular respiration is the process of extracting energy in the form of ATP from the glucose in the food you eat. How does cellular respiration happen inside of the cell? Cellular respiration is a three step process. Briefly: 1. In stage one, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm of the cell in a process called glycolysis. 2. In stage two, the pyruvate molecules are transported into the mitochondria. The mitochondria are the organelles known as the energy "powerhouses" of the cells (Figure 1.1). In the mitochondria, the pyruvate, which have been converted into a 2-carbon molecule, enter the Krebs cycle. Notice that mitochondria have an inner membrane with many folds, called cristae. These cristae greatly increase the membrane surface area where many of the cellular respiration reactions take place. 3. In stage three, the energy in the energy carriers enters an electron transport chain. During this step, this energy is used to produce ATP. Oxygen is needed to help the process of turning glucose into ATP. The initial step releases just two molecules of ATP for each glucose. The later steps release much more ATP. Most of the reactions of cellular respira- tion are carried out in the mitochondria. What goes into the cell? Oxygen and glucose are both reactants of cellular respiration. Oxygen enters the body when an organism breathes. Glucose enters the body when an organism eats. What does the cell produce? The products of cellular respiration are carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide is transported from your mitochondria out of your cell, to your red blood cells, and back to your lungs to be exhaled. ATP is generated in the process. When one molecule of glucose is broken down, it can be converted to a net total of 36 or 38 molecules of ATP. This only occurs in the presence of oxygen. The overall chemical reaction for cellular respiration is one molecule of glucose (C6 H12 O6 ) and six molecules of oxygen (O2 ) yields six molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and six molecules of water (H2 O). Using chemical symbols the equation is represented as follows: C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2 O ATP is generated during the process. Though this equation may not seem that complicated, cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions divided into three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Stage one of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis is the splitting, or lysis of glucose. Glycolysis converts the 6-carbon glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, and it occurs in the presence or absence of oxygen. During glycolysis a small amount of NADH is made as are four ATP. Two ATP are used during this process, leaving a net gain of two ATP from glycolysis. The NADH temporarily holds energy, which will be used in stage three. In the presence of oxygen, under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondria to proceed into the Krebs cycle. The second stage of cellular respiration is the transfer of the energy in pyruvate, which is the energy initially in glucose, into two energy carriers, NADH and FADH2 . A small amount of ATP is also made during this process. This process occurs in a continuous cycle, named after its discover, Hans Krebs. The Krebs cycle uses a 2-carbon molecule (acetyl-CoA) derived from pyruvate and produces carbon dioxide. Stage three of cellular respiration is the use of NADH and FADH2 to generate ATP. This occurs in two parts. First, the NADH and FADH2 enter an electron transport chain, where their energy is used to pump, by active transport, protons (H+ ) into the intermembrane space of mitochondria. This establishes a proton gradient across the inner membrane. These protons then flow down their concentration gradient, moving back into the matrix by facilitated diffusion. During this process, ATP is made by adding inorganic phosphate to ADP. Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is made during this stage. For each glucose that starts cellular respiration, in the presence of oxygen (aerobic conditions), 36-38 ATP are generated. Without oxygen, under
Question: how is atp made during the electron transport chain?
Solution: by facilitated diffusion | task469_mrqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task469_mrqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you need to count the number of nouns/verbs in the given sentence.
PROBLEM: Sentence: 'You can still get tacos and burritos late at night from this truck'. Count the number of nouns in this sentence.
SOLUTION: 4
PROBLEM: Sentence: 'A blue and silver motorcycle parked on a beach'. Count the number of verbs in this sentence.
SOLUTION: 1
PROBLEM: Sentence: 'A blue bench with a lantern, and tankards is on a porch'. Count the number of verbs in this sentence.
SOLUTION: 0
| task155_count_nouns_verbs | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task155_count_nouns_verbs-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you are given an input list A. You need to extract and sort the unique digits used in the list in ascending order. Return -1 if there is no digit in the list.
question:
['c', '317', 'z', 'z', 'h', '227', '439', 'x', 'f']
answer:
1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9
question:
['475', 's', '123', '389', 'y', 'm', 'v', '47', 'u', '479', '357', '279', '137', 'l', 'i']
answer:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9
question:
['f', '381', 'l', '343', 'v', '291', '83', 'd', 'y', '385', '289', '245', '31', '33']
answer:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9
| task637_extract_and_sort_unique_digits_in_a_list | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task637_extract_and_sort_unique_digits_in_a_list-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: insult and non-insult. Insult is any lanugage or act that is disrespectful or scornfully abusive.
Example Input: Comment: What tax money you idiot?
Example Output: Insult
Example Input: Comment: Old bitch like the rest of those crooks in the Democratic party are trying everything to stop Trump and any conservative media. Bunch of scum bag hypocrites they all need to go to jail including her.
Example Output: Insult
Example Input: Comment: Over-forecast and under-perform. Then proclaim you're a hero.
I was going to punch you 25 times, but that's now down to 15. Ain't I a nice guy?
Example Output: Non-insult
| task328_jigsaw_classification_insult | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task328_jigsaw_classification_insult-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given Yelp reviews. The task is to classify a review as "POSITIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is positive or as "NEGATIVE" if the overall sentiment of the review is negative.
Wow where do I start? First we placed our order a day in advance and when we arrived 20 minutes before our scheduled pick up we still had to wait. I was also not the only one waiting on a preplaced order either. As if that wasn't bad enough, when we did get our order it looked NOTHING like the catalog order we placed. I have to hand it to this shop because they made money off of their trash today. I was absolutely disgusted when I saw the corsage with some micro mini \""rose buds\"" as she called them. I have a gut feeling they were scraps from another order with an ugly Christmas ribbon. Hell the ribbon was the only thing you could see, the three flowers were so small. Needless to say while we were waiting she threw this piece crap together and passed it off as a corsage. We will all be calling the Better Business Bureau to report the poor service. PLEASE DO NOT WASTE YOUR TIME WITH THIS PLACE!!! I would have included a picture but the flowers were too freaking micro mini for that.
NEGATIVE
After reading all the fabulous reviews, I've been dying to try this place!\n\nBabycakes is nestled in a tiny plaza (which I didn't see anything that was corporate, just Mom & Pop places) on Buffalo, near Smoke Ranch. \n\nMy friend and I showed up here at 11:25am on a Saturday and were told a 45 minute wait. No prob! Gave us time to catch up. 45 minutes later we go up to the hostess stand and were told we needed to wait another 20-30 minutes longer. ugh! really? I was ready to gnaw off my arm!\n\nFinally, an hour and five minutes later, we were sat. We decided to order:\n-A Single Nutella Crepe w/ Strawberries: served w/ whipped cream and almonds.\nTO.DIE.FOR! OMG! Everything you expect in a delicious crepe with Nutella. The fresh strawberries sent it over the edge. So good!\n\nWe shared:\n- Short Stack of Red Velvet Pancakes: topped w/ whipped cream & chocolate crumbles, served with cream cheese syrup.\n\nThese were very good. More like a dessert, but delicious! The cream cheese syrup is what seals the deal! It's like frosting, just a little thinner and not AS sugary as frosting. Really. You are eating cake for breakfast- and no one is judging!\n\nMy husband asked me to bring him home the Tuna Sandwich on Wheat. The tuna was good, but not \""like mom makes\"" if that makes sense. We didn't touch the fries because they were cold by the time I got home. \n\nI want to go back to get the Adobo Fried Rice and the Cinnamon Bun or the White Chocolate Macadamia Nut Pancakes. (those pancakes are seasonal). I also want to try the hashbrowns, bacon and omelettes. \n\nYes, everything looked delicious!
POSITIVE
Paris suffers the same plight of many strip casinos in that they are looking more than slightly dated. I did appreciate the short walk from the entrance to the elevators. But that hardly makes up for horrible food at every restaurant we ate at and the hour and a half wait for a cold omelette and coffee from room service. I'm also sick of hotels charging $25/day to use a gym that rivals a holiday inn express at anytown USA. We asked for a humidifier and were given some contraption that had a bowl of water with a fan on top of it. We would have been just as good if we filled a pot with water. We wanted to stay an extra night and were told that's fine but there is no way we could keep that room. \""It is already filled by someone else\"". We begrudgingly packed and went downstairs only to get our same room back. A little frustrating. I think I'm just tired of the hotels that seem to \""vegasy\"". The ugly carpet, trashy waitresses and constant ringing of slot machines. Hopefully more places will adapt the Cosmo/aria style...
NEGATIVE
| task475_yelp_polarity_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task475_yelp_polarity_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a review of movie. Your task is to classify given movie review into two categories: 1) positive, and 2) negative based on its content.
Example: For a movie that gets no respect there sure are a lot of memorable quotes listed for this gem. Imagine a movie where Joe Piscopo is actually funny! Maureen Stapleton is a scene stealer. The Moroni character is an absolute scream. Watch for Alan The Skipper Hale jr. as a police Sgt.
Example solution: positive
Example explanation: There is an expression of appreciation in this movie review, hence we can say it's positive.
Problem: Saw a trailer for this on another video, and decided to rent when it came out. Boy, was I disappointed! The story is extremely boring, the acting (aside from Christopher Walken) is bad, and I couldn't care less about the characters, aside from really wanting to see Nora's husband get thrashed. Christopher Walken's role is such a throw-away, what a tease!
Solution: negative | task284_imdb_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task284_imdb_classification-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task you will be given a claim and a perspective. You should determine whether that perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with different view, it is supporting, otherwise it is undermining.
See one example below:
Problem: claim: Music containing lyrics that glorify violent and criminal lifestyles should be banned.
perspective: hip hop artists have a right to free speech
Solution: undermine
Explanation: Musicians having a right to free speech clearly undermines the claim for putting constraints on their lyrics.
Problem: claim: Violent video games cause violent crime.
perspective: The American Psychological Association (APA) lists violent video games as a risk factor for aggressive behavior.
Solution: support | task738_perspectrum_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task738_perspectrum_classification-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a country name and you need to return the calling code of the given country. Your output must be formatted as a plus sign (+), followed by the calling code number
PROBLEM: Czech Republic
SOLUTION: +420
PROBLEM: Burundi
SOLUTION: +257
PROBLEM: Panama
SOLUTION: +507
| task1317_country_calling_code | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1317_country_calling_code-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a review of a movie and a boolean question whether this review has positive sentiment or negative sentiment. Your task is to generate answer "yes" when the tweet has that particular sentiment, otherwise generate answer "no".
Ex Input:
Review: Intrigued by the synopsis (every gay video these days has a hunk on the cover; this is not necessarily to be construed as a good sign) I purchased BEN AND ARTHUR without knowing a thing about it. This is my second (and I assure you it will be my last) purchase of a CULTURE Q CONNECTION video. As far as I am concerned, this DVD is nothing but a blatant rip-off. I do not make this observation lightly I am a major collector of videos, gay and mainstream, and I can state with some authority and without hesitation that BEN AND ARTHUR is quite simply the worst film I have ever sat through in my life. Period. My collection boasts over 1,600 films (93% on them on DVD) and of those, well over 300 are gay and lesbian themed. I hardly own every gay movie ever made, but I am comfortable in stating that I pretty much purchase almost every gay video of interest that gets released, and very often I buy videos without knowing anything about the film. Sometimes, this makes for a pleasant surprise - Aimee & Jaguar, It's In The Water, Urbania and Normal are all examples of excellent gay titles that I stumbled upon accidentally. So when I read on the box that BEN AND ARTHUR concerned a conflict between gay lovers and the Christian Right, one of my favorite subjects, I decided to take the plunge sight unseen, despite my previously disappointing purchase of another CULTURE Q CONNECTION title, VISIONS OF SUGAR PLUMS. That film was pretty bad, but compared to BEN AND ARTHUR, it viewed like GONE WITH THE WIND. So what was so wrong with BEN AND ARTHUR? Plenty! To begin with, the "plot" such as it was, was totally ridiculous. This film almost made me sympathetic to the Christian Right we are asked to believe not only that a church would expel a member because his brother is gay, but that a priest would actually set up a mob style execution of a gay couple in order to save their souls (like this even makes sense). The writing is so poor that many scenes make no sense at all, and several plot points reflect no logic, follow-up or connection to the story. Murder and violence seem to be acceptable ends to the gay activist / right wing conflict on both sides, and the acting is so bad that it's difficult to imagine how anybody in this film got hired. The characters who are supposed to be straight are almost without exception clearly gay - and nelly stereotypes to boot; the gay characters are neither sexy nor interesting. This film is enough to put off anybody from buying gay themed videos forever, and the distributors should be ashamed of themselves. The only advantage this picture has over my other CULTURE Q Connection purchase, VISIONS OF SUGARPLAMS, is that this one has a soundtrack with clear dialogue. Hardly a distinction, since the script is so insipid that understanding the script only serves to make you more aware of how bad this film truly is. It is an embarrassment to Queer culture, and I intend to warn everyone I possibly can before they waste their money on it. At $9.95 this film would have been way overpriced; I understand that it's soon to be re-priced under $20, which is STILL highway robbery. I paid the original price of $29.95, and I never felt more cheated in my life. The only true laugh connected with this drivel is the reviews I have seen "user reviews" for this film on numerous websites, and there is always one or two that "praise" the director / writer / actor in such a way that it's obvious that the reviewer is a friend of this Ed Wood wannabe. How sad. How desperate. I just wish IMDb would allow you to assign zero stars - or even minus zero. If ever a film deserved it, this is it. Question: is it a negative review?
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Review: This movie is AWFUL! I don't even know where to begin, I'm speechless I can't even describe how awful this is. The blood is flourescent first of all, and the acting is AWFUL! The only good part was the biker chick that saves the day. This movie was rediculous, I don't see how it could even get a vote of 1 its so bad. It looks like it was made by highschool students. Question: is it a negative review?
Ex Output:
yes
Ex Input:
Review: A woman's nightmares fuel her fear of being buried alive.The cheating husband wants her dead and decides to make good use of her phobia by sticking her in a coffin and leaving her in the basement.Of course B-horror movie queen Brinke Stevens transforms into hideous ghostly creature.The only reason to see this amateurish junk flick is Michael Berryman in a really small cameo and two sex scenes with Delia Sheppard.And the last twenty minutes of Brinke's bloody rampage are quite fun to watch.The special effects for example laughable decapitated head are truly awful.Better watch "Scalps" or "Alien Dead" again.Of course I ain't expecting classy entertainment from Fred Olen Ray,but "Haunting Fear" is too dull to be enjoyable. Question: is it a negative review?
Ex Output:
yes
| task285_imdb_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task285_imdb_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
Given a story, answer the question about the story. The question is the last sentence in the input. These stories can be difficult due to their length and how each story has at least one of the three following scenarios: the first is when the individual's belief matches reality, the second is when the individual's belief does not match reality, and the third is when an individual has a false belief about another individual's beliefs. The question will ask about the location of an object in the story with respect to either none or one of the three scenarios. Note that there are distractor sentences in each story that are unrelated to the question and are designed to confuse the reader.
Part 2. Example
Jacob entered the dining_room. William entered the dining_room. The tomato is in the green_drawer. William exited the dining_room. Jacob moved the tomato to the blue_cupboard. Jacob is in the dining_room. Olivia entered the dining_room. The cucumber is in the blue_cupboard. Olivia exited the dining_room. Jacob moved the cucumber to the green_drawer. William entered the pantry. Jacob entered the pantry. The asparagus is in the red_cupboard. Jacob exited the pantry. Phone rang. William moved the asparagus to the green_pantry. Abigail entered the hall. William entered the hall. The persimmon is in the blue_pantry. William exited the hall. Abigail moved the persimmon to the blue_envelope. Where does Abigail think that William searches for the persimmon?
Answer: blue_pantry
Explanation: The persimmon was last in the blue_pantry before William exited the hall. After William exited the hall, Abigail moved the persimmon to the blue_envelope, so she knows where William will look for it.
Part 3. Exercise
Jacob entered the front_yard. Alexander entered the front_yard. Phone rang. The watermelon is in the green_drawer. Jacob moved the watermelon to the red_suitcase. Ella entered the dining_room. Alexander entered the dining_room. The green_pepper is in the red_treasure_chest. Ella moved the green_pepper to the blue_pantry. Ella entered the playroom. Alexander entered the playroom. The asparagus is in the green_suitcase. Ella moved the asparagus to the red_cupboard. Alexander entered the study. Jacob entered the study. The corn is in the blue_container. Alexander moved the corn to the red_box. Phone rang. Where is the corn really?
Answer: red_box | task154_tomqa_find_location_hard_noise | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task154_tomqa_find_location_hard_noise-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given two sentences. Your task is to classify the given sentences as "Yes" if they have same meaning; otherwise, classify them as "No".
Example: Sentence-1: I'm looking forward to it.<sep>Sentence-2: I did hear about the event next week .
Example solution: Yes
Example explanation: We need to check if the answer is yes or no based on the given sentence-1 and sentence-2. Both the sentences give the same meaning, and so the output is a yes.
Problem: Sentence-1: Meet me there in 5 minutes.<sep>Sentence-2: You can come to I to the park .
Solution: Yes | task566_circa_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task566_circa_classification-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a dialogue from a conversation between an agent and a customer. Your task is to determine the speaker of the dialogue. Answer with "agent" or "customer".
PROBLEM: I am planning to visit Orlando to meet my friends, airport code is MCO.
SOLUTION: customer
PROBLEM: My pleasure. Thank you for choosing us, have a great day.
SOLUTION: agent
PROBLEM: Ok, your ticket has been processed.
SOLUTION: agent
| task575_air_dialogue_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task575_air_dialogue_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: insult and non-insult. Insult is any lanugage or act that is disrespectful or scornfully abusive.
One example is below.
Q: Comment: your posts shows you are stupid period
A: Insult
Rationale: This comment is insult because it is scornful and disrespectful.
Q: Comment: An idiot leading a pack of same
A: Insult | task328_jigsaw_classification_insult | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task328_jigsaw_classification_insult-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that end with the given letter. Answer with numbers and not words.
question:
Sentence: 'a close up of a breaded food with vegetables and cheese'. How many words end with the letter 'h' in the sentence.
answer:
1
question:
Sentence: 'a group of people riding a wave on top of surfboards'. How many words end with the letter 'f' in the sentence.
answer:
2
question:
Sentence: 'an airplane in a hanger while people stand around it'. How many words end with the letter 'd' in the sentence.
answer:
2
| task163_count_words_ending_with_letter | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task163_count_words_ending_with_letter-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Cardiac overexpression of the β-adrenoreceptor (βAR)-coupled stimulatory G-protein subunit Gαs enhances inotropic responses to adrenergic stimulation and improves survival in mice under βAR blockade. The authors recently identified three common haplotypes in the GNAS gene encoding Gαs, with the greatest Gαs protein expression and signal transduction in haplotype *3 carriers and less in haplotype *2 and *1 carriers. The authors tested the hypothesis that these GNAS variants result in altered mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, particularly in those receiving βAR blockade.', 'This prospective analysis included 1,627 European ancestry patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Patients were genotyped for two GNAS haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining three major haplotypes. Up to 5-yr all-cause mortality was estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model; hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated while adjusting for demographics, clinical covariates, and the new EuroSCORE II.', 'Univariate analysis revealed haplotype-dependent 5-yr mortality rates (*1/*1: 18.9%, *2/*1: 13.7%, *2/*2: 9.3%, *3/*1: 10.6%, *3/*2: 9.1%, and *3/*3: 9.6%; P = 0.0006). After adjustment for other predictors of death, homozygote haplotype *1 carriers showed a doubled risk for death (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.8; P = 0.006). Considering only patients receiving βAR blockers (n = 1,267), the adjusted risk of death even tripled (hazard ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5 to 6.1; P = 0.002).
Answer: GNAS haplotypes independently associate with an increased risk of death after primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These results are most pronounced in patients receiving βAR blockers, strengthening the rationale for personalized treatment, to decrease medication side effects and improve outcomes.
answer:
Do gNAS gene variants affect β-blocker-related survival after coronary artery bypass grafting?
question:
Context: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a novel metabolism-associated gene, during polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis.', 'Case-control study.', 'University hospital.', 'A total of 77 PCOS patients and 67 healthy women as matched controls.', 'PDCD4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) detected by flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and small-interfering RNA.', 'PDCD4 expression, body mass index (BMI), insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and GC apoptosis.', 'The PCOS patients had higher PDCD4 expression, but BMI was similar as matched with the obese group, which positively correlated with BMI, insulin 0, insulin 120, glucose 120, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, triglycerides and negatively correlated with HDL (P<.05). After metformin treatment, PDCD4 expression was distinctly down-regulated for the obese women with PCOS with insulin resistance. Compared with the healthy controls, the apoptosis percentage of GCs was higher in the PCOS group and was decreased by knocking down PDCD4. Furthermore, expression of proapotosis factor Bax and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were lower, whereas the expression of antiapoptosis factor Bcl-2 was increased. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the level of PDCD4 expression independently related to the odds of PCOS risk after controlling for estradiol and insulin 120 (odds ratio 1.318).
Answer: Our study suggests for the first time that higher PDCD4 expression might play an important role in PCOS pathogenesis by affecting obesity, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and GC apoptosis.
answer:
Is higher PDCD4 expression associated with obesity , insulin resistance , lipid metabolism disorders , and granulosa cell apoptosis in polycystic ovary syndrome?
question:
Context: To examine the relationship between sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion, being an established risk marker for later cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.', 'Cross-sectional cohort study using linear regression analysis. Setting. University hospital outpatient clinic.', 'A cohort drawn from the general population, consisting of 7850 subjects 28-75 years of age, all inhabitants of the city of Groningen, the Netherlands. The cohort is enriched for the presence of subjects with elevated urinary albumin concentration.', 'The results show a positive relationship between dietary sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion. The association was independent of other cardiovascular risk factors (such as sex, age, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, serum cholesterol, plasma glucose and smoking) and other food constituents (calcium, potassium and protein). The relationship between sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion was steeper in subjects with a higher BMI compared with a lower BMI.
Answer: Sodium intake is positively related to urinary albumin excretion. This relation is more pronounced in subjects with a higher BMI. These results suggest that high sodium intake may unfavourably influences cardiovascular prognosis especially in overweight and obese subjects.
answer:
Does sodium intake affect urinary albumin excretion especially in overweight subjects?
| task845_pubmedqa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task845_pubmedqa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence from the research paper and the category to which it belongs. Your task is to classify whether the given category is correct or not by providing "True" and "False", respectively. Here are the definitions for the categories: Background (Why is this problem important? What relevant works have been created before? What is still missing in the previous works? What are the high-level research questions? How might this help other research or researchers?), Purpose (What specific things do the researchers want to do? What specific knowledge do the researchers want to gain? What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?), Method (How did the researchers do the work or find what they sought? What are the procedures and steps of the research?), or Finding (What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? Did the thing behave as the researchers expected?). ",
See one example below:
Problem: Sentence: Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients.
Section: background
Solution: True
Explanation: The section is correct because it provides the background information regarding how they could control future SARS outbreaks depending on the accuracy of identification of some infected patients having SARS-CoV.
Problem: Sentence: We also examined the effect of conditioned medium from TAM subsets on the proliferation of OSCC cells.
Section: finding
Solution: False | task1164_coda19_section_correction_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1164_coda19_section_correction_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the likely emotions of the participants in the sentence and those affected by it. Is any of these emotions caused by the sentence? You should write your answer in the form " A >Causes> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible. For the sentence describing the result, you must use the verb feel(s).
Example input: story: Our neighbors down the hall had a very noisy party. One of the guests passed out in front of my door. When I asked him to leave he swore at me. I called the police. The guest left before the police came.
selected sentence: When I asked him to leave he swore at me.
Example output: I ask him to leave >Causes> He feel(s) angered
Example explanation: The emotion caused by the sentence can be anger or being upset, as the person involved swears. This is a good answer.
Q: story: Ed and Emma were camping. At night they grew cold. Ed built a fire with twigs and sticks. They lit it and sat around it contentedly. Emma thought the fire was very romantic.
selected sentence: Ed and Emma were camping.
A: Ed and Emma are camping >Causes> Ed and Emma feel(s) relaxed | task749_glucose_reverse_cause_emotion_detection | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task749_glucose_reverse_cause_emotion_detection-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given a tweet. You must judge whether the author of the tweet is angry or not. Label the instances as "Angry" or "Not angry" based on your judgment.
Q: So Rangers v Celtic ll #revenge
A: Not angry
****
Q: New, and a bit alarming . . .
A: Not angry
****
Q: Forgiving means operating with God's spirit & God isn't unforgiving & doesn't hold a grudge. So who am I? Exactly.
A: Not angry
****
| task397_semeval_2018_task1_tweet_anger_detection | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task397_semeval_2018_task1_tweet_anger_detection-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon and your task is to generate the name of the category of the product based on the review given by the user. The categories are: kitchen, office product, watch, wireless, other, toy, digital video download, camera, jewelry, pet products, sports, industrial supplies, baby product, grocery, drugstore, home improvement, pc, shoes, automotive, digital ebook purchase, musical instruments, beauty, book, electronics, lawn and garden, apparel, home, video games, luggage, furniture, personal care appliances.
Bought the X-Large Nylabone for my daughter's 1 year old Rottweiler. The pup loved the bone ... for about 1 hour. In that hour, she started tearing the green rubber off of the shank. There was a smooth metal tube under the rubber. I had to take the bone away to prevent her from swallowing the green rubber pieces or breaking her teeth on the metal tube. Does the dog love it, Yes. Is it durable, NO. Is it dangerous, Possibly; if she swallows the rubber or breaks her teeth on the metal tube. Not something you can leave with the dog and walk away.
pet products
This product should be Taken off the market ASAP! It causes burns and extremely irritated my skin! My skin is blistered and very very painful!! This is a dangerous product and all of the reviews confirm this. I give this a negative 5
other
My airline did not let us use it. They said the pillow is unsafe and will likely not be approved with any airlines. It also took a while to inflate and did not fit in space between chairs when fully inflated.
drugstore
| task617_amazonreview_category_text_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task617_amazonreview_category_text_generation-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Bulgarian language and corresponding English translation of this sentence. Here, your job is to generate label "yes" if translation is right, otherwise generate label "no".
See one example below:
Problem: Bulgarian: Състав на Парламента: вж. протоколи, English: Membership of Parliament: see Minutes
Solution: yes
Explanation: Given translation of bulgarian in english is right. Hence, label is 'yes'.
Problem: Bulgarian: Казвам го категорично: недопустимо е хората да страдат, насилието да продължава, а служителите на ООН да бъдат обстрелвани., English: I say quite categorically: it is not acceptable for people to suffer, for violence to continue and for United Nations employees to come under fire.
Solution: yes | task273_europarl_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task273_europarl_classification-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a sentence containing a particular emotion. You must classify the sentence into one of the six emotions: 'joy', 'love', 'anger', 'fear', or 'surprise'.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
i am ever feeling nostalgic about the fireplace i will know that it is still on the property
Solution: love
Reason: The word "nostalgic" could either indicate "love" or "sadness", but the fact that it is still on the property eliminates "love".
Now, solve this instance: i refer to it as an addiction because no matter how many pairs i have i never feel satisfied
Student: joy | task875_emotion_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task875_emotion_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. The numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. Your answer should be chosen from the given text, and should not contain other words.
Example Input: Ren Höek: You are a brainless spaz ! Do n't you know an old husband 's tale when you hear _ one _ ? Cooked up by the Boar 's head industry to make money off suckers like you .
Example Output: tale
Example Input: Sam: Ziggy ?
Ziggy: Yes , Dr. Beckett ?
Sam: You 've made brilliant theoretical hypotheses with minimal data over the last four years .
Ziggy: That 's true .
Sam: I 'd like you to do _ one _ now .
Ziggy: I do n't think so , Doctor .
Dr. Donna Eleese: Why not ?
Ziggy: I 'm dealing with too many data - limiting factors : the Admiral , this Captain Tom Jarret he 's leapt into , a year no one had the foresight to preload into my memory banks . Actually , I was doing quite well absorbing the year until Franklin Delano Roosevelt died . It depressed me . Try me in 11.6 hours .
Sam: What if the Admiral does n't have 11.6 hours ?
Ziggy: I believe your brain is still slightly magnafluxed , Dr. Beckett , or you 'd remember I never experience guilt . That 's a flaw found only in human computers . Good night , Doctor . Have fun , you two .
Sam: Ziggy !
Dr. Donna Eleese: It wo n't do any good .
Sam: Why did I give him Barbara Streisand 's ego ?
Example Output: hypotheses
Example Input: Anna Beam: Sorry .
Angela: For what ? Being human ? Do n't mind him . He do n't have kids , and he has no personality . You know , when you got kids , things get messy .
Christy Beam: I have _ three _ .
Angela: See ? So , you know . You either roll with it or you get rolled on . You get rolled on , you get flat .
Example Output: kids
| task401_numeric_fused_head_reference | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task401_numeric_fused_head_reference-fs_opt | en |
Given a sequence of actions to navigate an agent in its environment, provide the correct command in a limited form of natural language that matches the sequence of actions when executed. Commands are lowercase and encapsulate the logic of the sequence of actions. Actions are individual steps that serve as the building blocks for a command. There are only six actions: 'I_LOOK', 'I_WALK', 'I_RUN', 'I_JUMP', 'I_TURN_LEFT', and 'I_TURN_RIGHT'. These actions respectively align with the commands 'look', 'walk', 'run', 'jump', 'turn left', and 'turn right'. For commands, 'left' and 'right' are used to denote the direction of an action. opposite turns the agent backward in the specified direction. The word 'around' makes the agent execute an action while turning around in the specified direction. The word 'and' means to execute the next scope of the command following the previous scope of the command. The word 'after' signifies to execute the previous scope of the command following the next scope of the command. The words 'twice' and 'thrice' trigger repetition of a command that they scope over two times or three times, respectively. Actions and commands do not have quotations in the input and output.
One example: I_TURN_LEFT I_JUMP
Solution is here: jump left
Explanation: If the agent turned to the left and jumped, then the agent jumped to the left.
Now, solve this: I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_RIGHT I_WALK I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT I_TURN_LEFT
Solution: walk right twice and turn around left | task127_scan_long_text_generation_action_command_all | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task127_scan_long_text_generation_action_command_all-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
question:
$585,000 compensation for both the value of the condemned property and damage to the remainder. Northborough filed an objection to the commissioner’s decision asserting it had not received just compensation. The State filed an objection claiming the award was excessive. On April 19, 1991, the award was deposited with the clerk of the trial court. Northborough filed a motion to withdraw the $585,000, which the trial court granted on May 2, 1991. The State subsequently took possession of the condemned property and commenced construction on I-45. Prior to the commencement of the jury trial, the trial court held a hearing to determine whether there was a material and substantial impairment of access to the remainder. See State v. Wood Oil Distrib., Inc., 751 S.W.2d 863, 865 (Tex.1988) (<HOLDING>). The trial court found the improvements to
Holding statements: (A) holding that when ruling on a motion under rule 60b1 the trial court is not required to make written findings of fact unless a request is made (B) holding that the trial court is required to provide reasons for its decision prior to appeal (C) holding the trial court is required to make a determination on impairment of access prior to trial (D) holding that trial courts limited findings were insufficient to allow determination of whether trial court abused its discretion in denying defendants motion to dismiss his indictment on constitutional speedy trial grounds (E) holding that an exhaustion of appellate remedies is required to make a trial courts ruling the law of the case
answer:
holding that when ruling on a motion under rule 60b1 the trial court is not required to make written findings of fact unless a request is made
question:
act, 1976 PA 267, MCL 15.261 to 15.275. (3) If the board arbitrarily and capriciously violates section 7(9), the board shall he subject to the penalties prescribed in the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246. B If “a statute gives new rights and prescribes new remedies, such remedies must be strictly pursued; and a party seeking a remedy under the act is confined to the remedy conferred thereby and to that only.” Monroe Beverage Co, Inc v Stroh Brewery Co, 454 Mich 41, 45; 559 NW2d 297 (1997) (quotation marks and citation omitted). However, “[w]hen a statute provides a remedy for enforcement of a common-law right, the statutory scheme is merely cumulative and not exclusive.” Morris Pumps v Centerline Piping, Inc, 273 Mich App 187, 201; 729 NW2d 898 (2006) (<HOLDING>). At common law there has always been a remedy
Holding statements: (A) holding that because the federal arbitration act 9 usc 1 et seq preempts michigans lemon law mcl 2571401 et seq the plaintiffs lemon law claim should have been resolved through binding arbitration (B) holding that the plaintiffs claims for unjust enrichment were not barred by the availability of relief under the public works bonding act mcl 129201 et seq because a plaintiff enjoyed the right at common law to recover in quantum meruit from a defendant who had been unjustly enriched (C) recognizing that action for quantum meruit relief exists to avoid unjust enrichment (D) holding preemption is appropriate where unjust enrichment claim does not allege that the defendants were enriched by anything other than copyright infringement (E) holding that erisa does not permit a plaintiff to assert an independent federal common law cause of action such as unjust enrichment to enforce the terms of an erisa plan thus to the extent plaintiffs third cause of action for unjust enrichment is brought pursuant to a federal common law right it must be dismissed
answer:
holding that because the federal arbitration act 9 usc 1 et seq preempts michigans lemon law mcl 2571401 et seq the plaintiffs lemon law claim should have been resolved through binding arbitration
question:
laws and regulations by including prohibited terms in their admission agreements. Plaintiff contends that Defendants, in an effort to seek additional profits, have adopted an admissions policy that discourages admission of Medicaid patients and that Medicaid patients, particularly those without families, are transferred to other homes to make beds available for Medicare or private pay patients. .Supp. 1481, 1498 (D.Minn.1996) (adopting report and recommendation concluding statement that lens maker used the “most advanced equipment available” was puffery). General assertions of quality are also puffery because “quality” is a vague, subjective concept. Am. Italian Pasta Co., 371 F.3d at 393; see also Evanston Hosp. v. Crane, 254 Ill.App.3d 435, 193 Ill.Dec. 870, 627 N.E.2d 29 (1993) (<HOLDING>); Porous Media Corp. v. Pall Corp., 173 F.3d
Holding statements: (A) holding that a general acute care hospital may not delegate its duty to provide physicians for emergency room care because the law imposes a duty on hospital to provide that health care (B) holding that statements that hospital would provide high quality care to patients were expressions of opinion or puffing (C) holding that statements at issue were protected expressions of opinion because they lacked specificity and precision and the factual implications concerning such statements were unclear (D) holding that care of the grounds was part of the business of the hospital (E) holding that claim against hospital regarding patients fall caused by defective footboard on hospital bed constituted health care liability claim
answer:
holding that a general acute care hospital may not delegate its duty to provide physicians for emergency room care because the law imposes a duty on hospital to provide that health care
| task287_casehold_legal_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task287_casehold_legal_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given a set of four words, generate the category that the words belong to. Words are separated by commas. The possible categories are social gathering, accomodation, physical property, measurement unit, corporate, nutritional value, boats, police punishment, location (proximity), card games, outdoor sport activity, military rank, baby animals, weather, consumer product, animals, boxing terminology, food, chocolate food, bird, type of sandwich, date status, body part, ocean, employment activity, moral characteristic, elements, poker, computers, construction, guitar part, shady activities, physical activity, kitchenware, temperature, type of rigidity, emotional status, season, mode of transportation, window material, activity, emotional display, geographical property, fried food, store status, widespread, aesthetic characteristic, alcoholic drinks, secretary duty, direction, personal characteristic, and animal.
[EX Q]: pie, fudge, brownies, cream
[EX A]: chocolate food
[EX Q]: content, merchandise, service, thing
[EX A]: consumer product
[EX Q]: fair, balanced, impartial, unprejudiced
[EX A]: moral characteristic
| task143_odd-man-out_classification_generate_category | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task143_odd-man-out_classification_generate_category-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be shown an extract from a movie plot and a question. You need to provide the correct answer for it. Short answers containing words that are present in the passage are preferred.
Example Input: The film is framed as a group of performers who travel to the desert to re-enact the Passion of Christ. The film begins with them arriving on a bus, assembling their props and getting into costume. One of the group is surrounded by the others, puts on a white robe and emerges as Jesus ("Overture").Judas (Anderson) is worried about Jesus' popularity; he is being hailed as the Son of God, but Judas feels he is just a man who is beginning to believe his own propaganda and fears the consequences of their growing movement ("Heaven on Their Minds"). The other disciples badger Jesus for information about his plans for the future, but Jesus will not give them any ("What's the Buzz?"). Judas' arrival and subsequent declaration that Jesus should not associate with Mary dampens the mood ("Strange Thing Mystifying"). Angrily, Jesus tells Judas that he should leave Mary alone, because his slate is not clean. He then accuses all the apostles of not caring about him. That night at the Temple, Caiaphas is worried that the people will crown Jesus as king, which the Romans will take for an uprising. Annas tries to allay his fears, but he finally sees Caiaphas' point and suggests that he convene the council and explain his fears to them; Caiaphas agrees ("Then We Are Decided"). As Jesus and his apostles settle for the night, Mary soothes him with some expensive ointment, but Judas says that the money spent should have been given to the poor. Jesus rebukes him again, telling him that the poor will be there always but Jesus will not ("Everything's Alright").The next day at the Temple of Jerusalem, the council of the priests discuss their fears about Jesus. Caiaphas tells them that there is only one solution: like John the Baptist, Jesus must be executed for the sake of the nation ("This Jesus Must Die"). Jesus and his followers joyfully arrive in Jerusalem, but Caiaphas orders Jesus to disband the crowd for fear of a riot. Jesus refuses and speaks to the crowd ("Hosanna"). Later, the apostle Simon Zealotes (Marshall) and a crowd of followers voice their admiration for Jesus ("Simon Zealotes"). Jesus appreciates this, but becomes worried when Simon suggests directing the crowd towards an uprising against their Roman occupiers. Jesus sadly dismisses this suggestion, saying that they do not understand His true purpose ("Poor Jerusalem").Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, reveals that he has dreamed about a Galilean man (Jesus) and that he will be blamed for this man's death ("Pilate's Dream"). Jesus and his followers arrive at the temple, which has been taken over by money changers and prostitutes ("The Temple"). To Judas' horror and as the priests watch in the background, a furious Jesus destroys the stalls and forces them to leave. Jesus wanders alone outside the city, but is surrounded by a crowd of lepers, all wanting to be healed. Jesus tries to heal as many of them as possible, but is overwhelmed by the sheer numbers and eventually gives up, screaming at them to leave him alone. Mary comforts Jesus and Jesus goes to sleep. Mary loves Jesus, but is confused because he is so unlike any other man she has met ("I Don't Know How to Love Him"). Judas goes to the priests and expresses his concerns, but he is worried about the consequences of betraying Jesus ("Damned for All Time"). The priests take advantage of his doubts and offer him money if he will lead them to Jesus. Judas initially refuses, but Caiaphas and Annas win him over by reminding him that he could use the money to help the poor. Judas reveals that Jesus will be at the Garden of Gethsemene on Thursday night ("Blood Money").At the Last Supper (set outdoors in a garden setting during the day), Jesus reveals that he knows Peter (Toubus) will deny him and Judas will betray him. A bitter argument between Jesus and Judas ensues, in which Judas berates Jesus for destroying their hopes and ideals and threatens to ruin Jesus' ambition by staying there without helping him to reach the Glory; Jesus tells Judas to leave and Judas finally runs off ("The Last Supper"). As the apostles fall asleep, Jesus goes to Gethsemane to pray about his imminent death and reluctantly agrees to go forward with God's plan ("Gethsemane [I Only Want to Say]"). Jesus waits for Judas, who arrives, accompanied by guards, and betrays him with a kiss. The disciples offer to fight the guards, but Jesus will not allow it. Jesus is taken to Caiaphas' house, found guilty of blasphemy and sent to Pilate ("The Arrest"). Peter, meanwhile, fearfully denies Jesus three times after being accused of being one of Jesus' followers ("Peter's Denial"). Jesus is taken to Pilate's house, where the governor, unaware that Jesus is the man from his dream, mocks him. Since he does not deal with Jews, Pilate sends him to Herod ("Pilate and Christ"). The flamboyant King Herod is excited to finally meet Jesus, for he has heard the hype. He tries to persuade Jesus to perform various miracles. When Jesus refuses to answer, Herod orders the guards to take him back to Pilate ("Herod's Song [Try It and See]").The apostles and Mary Magdalene remember how things began and wish that they had not gotten so out of hand ("Could We Start Again Please?"). Jesus is flung into a cell, where he is seen by Judas, who runs to tell the priests that he regrets his part in the arrest. He hurls his money to the ground and curses at the priests before running into the desert. Filled with regret for betraying Jesus, he blames God for his woes by giving him the role of the betrayor and hangs himself ("Judas' Death"). Jesus is taken back to Pilate, who questions him; Herod is also present. Although he thinks Jesus is deluded, Pilate realizes that he has committed no actual crime and has Jesus scourged; Herod is gleeful at first but eventually sickened. Pilate's bemused indifference turns to a frenzy of confusion and anger, both at the crowd's irrational bloodthirstiness and Jesus' inexplicable resignation and refusal to defend himself. Pilate realizes he has no option but to have Jesus executed or the masses will grow violent ("Trial Before Pilate [Including the Thirty-Nine Lashes]"). After Pilate washes his hands of Jesus' fate, Jesus' appearance transforms, the heavens open, and a white-jumpsuit clad Judas descends on a silver cross. Judas laments that if Jesus had returned as the Messiah today, he would have been more popular and his message easier to spread. Judas also wonders what Jesus thinks of other religions' prophets. He ultimately wants to know if Jesus thinks he is who they say he is ("Superstar"). Judas' questions go unanswered, and Jesus is sent to die ("The Crucifixion"), with ominous, atonal music, with Jesus saying some of his final words before dying.As the film ends, the performers, now out of costume, board their bus (the performers who played Mary Magdalene and Judas last of all), with "Pilate", "Mary Magdalene" and "Judas" the only ones looking back towards something off-screen as they board, and drive away, but Jesus is notably absent (Neeley had already stripped away his costume and disappeared into the cast beforehand). The final shot of the film shows the empty cross against a setting sun, as a shepherd and his flock cross the hillside ("John Nineteen Forty-One")., Question: Why does Caiaphas say Jesus must be executed?
Example Output: Answer: Sake of the nation
Example Input: Three sisters, Veronica, Victoria and Elizabeth, receive letters from their late father's lawyer informing them of their father's wish that they spend three nights in his house on an isolated island before his will can be read. They and their husbands William, Richard and Donald are met there by the two maids, Martha and Ruth, and a hunchback named Colin whom the audience has already seen murdering two people at the beginning of the film. While helping with the luggage Colin becomes angry and catches and eats a live rabbit. The remains of the rabbit are later found in Veronica and William's bed, along with a note reading "Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit".Victoria and Robert find that someone has painted a large 'X' in blood on their bedroom door. Robert and Donald go downstairs to investigate, but Donald collapses after being drugged. Robert investigates the cellar and sees someone he recognizes. Shortly afterward, Victoria finds his body hanging by the ankles on the stairs. The next morning, while discussing what happened, Ruth asks Martha if she had tied up Colin that night.Colin attempts to tell Victoria something but is interrupted by Martha and sent to chop firewood in the cellar with Donald (who is given a leather strap to use on Colin). Donald finds a plank of wood with a bloody 'X' on it, but is attacked from behind, gagged and bound to a workbench before being disemboweled and cut in two by a hooded figure.At dinner, the guests ask about Donald and Elizabeth's whereabouts. When dinner is served, Elizabeth's severed head is in the serving dish.William goes into the cellar to investigate and finds a box and a photograph. Colin steals the photo from him, however, and William is then attacked and killed with a pitchfork by the hooded figure. Later, Martha finds Colin with the photo and realizes what it means, but is killed with a hatchet. Colin tries to escape from the killer, but is set alight.It is revealed that Ruth is in fact Hattie, the fourth and eldest sister, and she had planned to kill the others and blame Colin so that she could claim the inheritance. Colin is still alive, however, and pushes her down the stairs, causing her hatchet to bury itself in her head. The two remaining sisters, Veronica and Victoria, are left staring in disbelief., Question: Who are the three sisters?
Example Output: Answer: Veronica, Victoria and Elizabeth
Example Input: One morning, hit men Charlie (Lee Marvin) and Lee (Clu Gulager) enter a school for the blind and terrorize the principal until she reveals the whereabouts of a teacher, Johnny North (John Cassavetes). As the hitmen walk toward North's upstairs classroom, the teacher receives a call warning him of their arrival. Johnny sadly responds, "It's okay. I know them." As he calmly waits at his desk, Charlie and Lee enter and shoot him multiple times.As they depart by train, Charlie is bothered that North refused to flee, and that they were paid an unusually high fee for such a simple hit. He and Lee run through what they know about the man they have just killed. Johnny was once a champion race car driver whose career ended in a violent crash. Four years before his death, he was involved in a million-dollar robbery of a mail truck. Tempted by the missing million, Charlie and Lee visit Miami to interview Johnny's former mechanic.Earl Sylvester (Claude Akins), who considers himself Johnny's only friend, is devastated to learn of his death. In between sobs and gulps of whiskey, he tells the story as he remembers it. Johnny North was at the top of his profession when he met the beautiful Sheila Farr (Angie Dickinson). Johnny fell in love and planned to propose marriage after winning his next big race. However, Johnny's late nights with Sheila had left him disoriented from lack of sleep. His racing career ended with a fiery crash.At the hospital, Earl revealed to Johnny that Sheila was the mistress of mob boss Jack Browning (Ronald Reagan). Known for her extravagant taste, Sheila has already cheated on Browning with several other sports figures, all of whom met bad ends. Enraged and heartbroken, Johnny rebuffed Sheila's attempts to explain and cut his ties to her.Intrigued, Charlie and Lee approach a former member of Browning's crew, who also reveals his memories. After the crash, Sheila found Johnny working as a pit mechanic. She says a much better job might soon be his for the taking. Browning was planning the robbery of a U.S. postal truck. On Sheila's recommendation, he agreed to Johnny as his getaway driver.Although Johnny still felt betrayed, Sheila said that she had always regretted losing him. Johnny forgave her. He also helped Browning by souping up the getaway car. Browning, however, was enraged when he learned that Sheila had returned to Johnny. In a deliberate provocation, Browning brutally slapped Sheila in front of Johnny, after she defied him. Johnny punched Browning and threatened to kill him if he ever hurt Sheila again. They agreed to "settle this" after the robbery.Browning and North placed a phony detour sign to send the mail truck onto an isolated mountain road. When the truck stopped, the gang held it up at gunpoint, loading more than $1 million into the getaway car. Johnny then forced Browning out of the moving car, driving off alone with the money.After listening to this story, Charlie and Lee pay a visit to Browning, who is now a real estate developer in Los Angeles. Browning insists he is now an honest businessman and has no idea what happened to the money. He reveals that Sheila is staying at a hotel and arranges a meeting with her.To deprive Browning of time to plan an ambush, Charlie and Lee call at Sheila's hotel several hours earlier than agreed. At first Sheila denies all knowledge of Johnny or the money. Charlie and Lee beat her and dangle her by the ankles out a seventh-story window. Terrified, she tells them the truth.The night before the robbery, she told Johnny his life was in danger. Browning, she said, was planning to kill him and pocket his share. Johnny wanted to kill Browning on the spot. Sheila insisted she had a better idea. On her advice, Johnny threw Browning out of the car and drove the money to Sheila.As the two lovers met in a hotel room, Browning showed up. Sheila asked Browning to "do it quickly," and the gangster shot Johnny, severely wounding but not killing him before Johnny escaped. It turned out Sheila and Browning were husband and wife. Sheila expressed fear that Johnny would seek revenge, so Browning hired Charlie and Lee to murder him.Charlie now understands at last why Johnny refused to flee. The only man who refuses to run is a man who considers himself to be already dead. Sheila's betrayal had already killed Johnny long before the bullets ever touched him.Charlie and Lee, with Sheila in tow, intend to confront Browning, but he is waiting nearby with a sniper rifle. He kills Lee and wounds Charlie.Browning and Sheila return home, where they prepare to flee with the money. A mortally wounded Charlie makes it there in time. Sheila, at last revealing her sociopathic nature, frantically denies any role in Johnny's death, insisting that her husband alone was responsible. Charlie calmly shoots Browning dead. He turns his revolver toward Sheila. When she again pleads for her life, Charlie snarls, "Lady, I don't have the time!" He kills Sheila with a single bullet and staggers out the door. Charlie falls dead on the lawn while still gripping the money, as a police car in the background makes its way towards the house., Question: Who was once a champion race car driver?
Example Output: Answer: Johnny
| task194_duorc_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task194_duorc_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given commands (in terms of logical operations) and natural interpretation of the given command to select relevant rows from the given table. Your job is to generate a label "yes" if the interpretation is appropriate for the command, otherwise generate label "no".
Here are the definitions of logical operators:
1. count: returns the number of rows in the view.
2. only: returns whether there is exactly one row in the view.
3. hop: returns the value under the header column of the row.
4. and: returns the boolean operation result of two arguments.
5. max/min/avg/sum: returns the max/min/average/sum of the values under the header column.
6. nth_max/nth_min: returns the n-th max/n-th min of the values under the header column.
7. argmax/argmin: returns the row with the max/min value in header column.
8. nth_argmax/nth_argmin: returns the row with the n-th max/min value in header column.
9. eq/not_eq: returns if the two arguments are equal.
10. round_eq: returns if the two arguments are roughly equal under certain tolerance.
11. greater/less: returns if the first argument is greater/less than the second argument.
12. diff: returns the difference between two arguments.
13. filter_eq/ filter_not_eq: returns the subview whose values under the header column is equal/not equal to the third argument.
14. filter_greater/filter_less: returns the subview whose values under the header column is greater/less than the third argument.
15. filter_greater_eq /filter_less_eq: returns the subview whose values under the header column is greater/less or equal than the third argument.
16. filter_all: returns the view itself for the case of describing the whole table
17. all_eq/not_eq: returns whether all the values under the header column are equal/not equal to the third argument.
18. all_greater/less: returns whether all the values under the header column are greater/less than the third argument.
19. all_greater_eq/less_eq: returns whether all the values under the header column are greater/less or equal to the third argument.
20. most_eq/not_eq: returns whether most of the values under the header column are equal/not equal to the third argument.
21. most_greater/less: returns whether most of the values under the header column are greater/less than the third argument.
22. most_greater_eq/less_eq: returns whether most of the values under the header column are greater/less or equal to the third argument.
Input: Consider Input: Command: greater { hop { filter_eq { all_rows ; opponent ; yukiya naito } ; round } ; hop { filter_eq { all_rows ; opponent ; maxim tarasov } ; round } }, interpretation: select the rows whose date record fuzzily matches to 7 march 2008 . take the attendance record of this row . select the rows whose date record fuzzily matches to 8 march 2008 . take the attendance record of this row . the first record is less than the second record . the attendance record of the first row is 17225 . the attendance record of the second row is 18279 .
Output: no
Input: Consider Input: Command: round_eq { avg { all_rows ; points } ; 62 }, interpretation: the average of the points record of all rows is 62 .
Output: yes
Input: Consider Input: Command: eq { hop { argmax { all_rows ; points } ; year } ; 1989 }, interpretation: select the rows whose country of origin record fuzzily matches to colombia . there is only one such row in the table . the name / designation record of this unqiue row is saturn machine pistol .
Output: no
| task211_logic2text_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task211_logic2text_classification-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a tuple, comprising Head and Tail, separated with <sep>. The Head and the Tail events are short phrases possibly involving participants. The names of specific people have been replaced by generic words (e.g., PersonX, PersonY, PersonZ). PersonX is always the subject of the event. You have to determine whether, as a result of the Head, PersonY or others will be affected as mentioned in the Tail or not. These effects are social actions that may occur after the Head event. For example, X may get hugged, and Y may blush in response. Classify your answers into "Yes" and "No". The phrase may also contain "___", a placeholder that can be an object, a person, and/or an action.
Head: PersonX goes the way of the dodo<sep>Tail: none
Solution: Yes
Why? This is a good example. As a result of the Head, others won't be affected.
New input: Head: PersonX saves PersonY's ___ from PersonZ's sins<sep>Tail: gets saved
Solution: Yes | task1196_atomic_classification_oeffect | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1196_atomic_classification_oeffect-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given the title and three arbitrary sentences out of a five-sentence story. You are also given three additional sentence options, a, b, and c, that may or may not belong to the story. Your job is to pick the two options that seamlessly connect with the rest of the story; note that the selected choices may fit into the story at any point. Indicate your selected choices in order, i.e., as 'ab'/'bc'/'ac' and not as 'ba'/'ca'/'cb'. If options are equally plausible, pick the ones that make more sense.
--------
Question: Title: Matt relied on his GPS and it told him where to turn. Matt's car ended up in a ditch. His uncle found him and helped him out. Choices: a. He wasn't familiar with the city at all. b. Her hard work had payed off and she was now living in her native home. c. Matt was visiting his uncle for the first time.
Answer: ac
Question: Title: Rebecca Lynn grew up in Carolina. Just a mile from tucker cherry's farm. The two became best friends playing after school. Choices: a. Rebecca lynn and Skip fell in love and became soulmates. b. She met a boy Named Skip. c. She cannot catch them and they get away.
Answer: ab
Question: Title: Some of Eric's friends found out about Sean's lies. Sean was reported and kicked out of the election. Eric won the seat unopposed. Choices: a. After a few hours, Anna gave birth. b. Sean really wanted to win and told everyone lies about Eric. c. Sean and Eric were running for student council president.
Answer: bc
| task221_rocstories_two_choice_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task221_rocstories_two_choice_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you have to generate the title of the recipe given its required ingredients and directions.
[Q]: ingredients: '1 lg. can fruit cocktail', '1 sm. can mandarin oranges', '16 ounce. carton lowfat sour cream', '2 or possibly 3 c. miniature marshmallows', 'Handful seedless white grapes (opt.)', 'Handful bing cherries or possibly maraschino cherries, halved (opt.)',<sep> directions: 'Drain fruit cocktail and oranges as well as possible.', 'Add in lowfat sour cream and mix.', 'Add in marshmallows and remaining fruit.', 'Quantity of marshmallows and fruit can vary as desired.', 'Salad should be chilled long sufficient for fruit to get cool.'
[A]: Marshmallow Fruit Salad Recipe
[Q]: ingredients: '1 pound unpeeled medium-size, cooked shrimp', '1 (3.5-oz.) bag SUCCESS White, Brown, or Jasmine Rice', '1 (12-oz.) package sliced fresh mushrooms', '1/2 teaspoon minced garlic', '1 tablespoon olive oil', '1 (8-oz.) container chive-and-onion cream cheese, softened', '2 cups firmly packed fresh baby spinach', '1 to 2 Tbsp. lemon juice', '1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese',<sep> directions: 'Peel shrimp; devein, if desired.', 'Prepare rice according to package directions.', 'Saute mushrooms and garlic in hot oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat 6 minutes or until mushrooms are golden. Stir in cream cheese, and cook, stirring constantly, 30 seconds or until melted. Stir in shrimp, spinach, and 1/4 cup water; cook 2 minutes or until thoroughly heated. Fold in rice, lemon juice, and up to 1/4 cup additional water, if necessary, for desired consistency. (Mixture should be creamy.) Sprinkle with Parmesan cheese, and serve immediately.'
[A]: Creamy Shrimp And Rice
[Q]: ingredients: '1 12 lbs leftover chicken or 1 12 lbs carnita meat', '4 tortillas, flour or 4 prepared taco shells', 'mixed salad green', 'tomatoes, diced', 'jalapeno, nacho, sliced', 'onion, diced', '12 cup shredded cheese', '1 cup mayonnaise, light', '13 cup 2% low-fat milk', '2 jalapenos', '3 ounces green chilies', '13 cup cilantro leaf', '1 (1 ounce) hidden valley ranch packet dry ranch dressing mix', '2 teaspoons garlic powder', '12 tablespoon lime juice',<sep> directions: 'Put all dressing ingredients into a food processor and blend well.', 'Refrigerate dressing overnight for best results.', 'Thaw leftover chicken or carnita meat.', 'I use the Infomercial tortilla shell pans to make my shells with flour tortillas or you can use prepared taco shells.', 'In a large skillet, heat meat with onion and season as needed.', 'Fill tortilla shell with green salad, tomatoe, jalopenos, meat mixture, and cheese.'
[A]: Kitchen Kouture Carnita or Chicken Taco Salad With Spicy Ranch
| task569_recipe_nlg_text_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task569_recipe_nlg_text_generation-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task you are given a sentence pair from wikipedia that have high lexical overlap. If the sentences have the same meaning and are just paraphrases of each other label them as "Paraphrase" , if not label them as "Not paraphrase". The two sentences are seperated by a new line.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
In January 2011 , the Deputy Secretary General of FIBA Asia , Hagop Khajirian , inspected the venue together with SBP - President Manuel V. Pangilinan .
In January 2011 , FIBA Asia deputy secretary general Hagop Khajirian along with SBP president Manuel V. Pangilinan inspected the venue .
Solution: Paraphrase
Reason: The second sentence has the same meaning as the first sentence and is just a paraphrased version of it.
Now, solve this instance: Later in 2014 , Quintiq was bought by Dassault Systèmes .
Dassault Systèmes was bought by Quintiq in 2014 .
Student: Not paraphrase | task400_paws_paraphrase_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task400_paws_paraphrase_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it, i.e., the proper nouns in the passage. Your job is to determine whether information from more than one term is needed to answer the question. Indicate your choice as `a` for Yes or `b` for No.
[EX Q]: Question: Was Vermont's GDP larger than Massachusetts' GDP the year Coolidge was born? Passage:Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.; ; July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of Massachusetts. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. The next year, he was elected vice president of the United States, and he succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small government conservative and also as a man who said very little and had a rather dry sense of humor.
[EX A]: a
[EX Q]: Question: What career did Hermann Hesse have? Passage:Weiss was born in Nowawes (now part of Potsdam-Babelsberg) near Berlin, to a Hungarian Jewish father and a Christian mother. After the First World War and the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire Weiss's father became a Czech citizen and the son acquired his father's citizenship – Weiss was never a German citizen. At age three he moved with his family to the German port city of Bremen, and during his adolescence back to Berlin where he began training as a painter. In 1935 he emigrated with his family to Chislehurst, near London, where he studied photography at the Polytechnic School of Photography. In 1936–1937 the family moved to Czechoslovakia. Weiss attended the Prague Art Academy. After the German occupation of the Czech Sudetenland in 1938, his family moved to Sweden, while Weiss was visiting Hermann Hesse in Switzerland. In 1939 he joined his family in Stockholm, Sweden, where he lived for the rest of his life. He became a Swedish citizen in 1946. Weiss was married three times: to the painter Helga Henschen, 1943–47; to Carlota Dethorey, 1949; and from 1964 until his death to the Swedish artist and stage designer .
[EX A]: b
[EX Q]: Question: What was the wind speed from the storm as recorded by vessel? Passage:In early August, an extratropical trough moved off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia, with a stationary front extending from it. A weak low-pressure area began to develop at the southern end of the front just offshore of Jacksonville, Florida. Initially, the storm had an open center of circulation and remained a frontal low as it moved southwestward across Florida, and thus was not considered a fully tropical system at the time. Upon entering the Gulf of Mexico, however, observations indicated that the disturbance developed a closed center of circulation. As a result, the storm was analyzed to have developed into a tropical depression off the western coast of Florida at 1200 UTC on August 3. At the time, weather reports revealed a definite cyclonic rotation, though the depression had a shallow minimum barometric pressure of 1012.5 mbar (hPa; 29.90 inHg). Moving west-southwest, the depression steadily intensified and attained tropical storm intensity at 0000 UTC on August 4. Late that evening, the tropical storm executed a slight northward curve. Strengthening continued into the following day, and ships in the storm's vicinity began to report a much stronger storm than was previously suggested. A ship reported the first gale-force winds associated with the storm at 2100 UTC on August 4. The S.S. Connecticut observed force 11 winds, the strongest wind measurement associated with the storm as recorded by vessel. A minimum pressure of 995 mbar (hPa; 29.39 inHg) was analyzed for the system at 0600 UTC on August 5 based on an observation from a nearby ship.
[EX A]: b
| task232_iirc_link_number_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task232_iirc_link_number_classification-fs_opt | en |
Read the given sentence and if it is a general advice then indicate via "yes". Otherwise indicate via "no". advice is basically offering suggestions about the best course of action to someone. advice can come in a variety of forms, for example Direct advice and Indirect advice. (1) Direct advice: Using words (e.g., suggest, advice, recommend), verbs (e.g., can, could, should, may), or using questions (e.g., why don't you's, how about, have you thought about). (2) Indirect advice: contains hints from personal experiences with the intention for someone to do the same thing or statements that imply an action should (or should not) be taken.
--------
Question: Just my 2 cents .
Answer: no
Question: Big time .
Answer: no
Question: My dad died when I was 8 yeas old and since then , I never cried again .
Answer: no
| task115_help_advice_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task115_help_advice_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be given a short story. One sentence from the story is chosen. Consider the events that happen before that sentence, or are likely to have happened before it. Does any of them directly cause it, or simply make it possible? You should write your answer in the form " A >causes/enables> B". Try to use phrases and sentences from the story to compose your answer when possible.
Ex Input:
story: Bill broke his phone. He didn't have money to get it fixed. He put flyers in all the mailboxes on his street. He would mow any size lawn for $25. He made enough to get his phone fixed in just one weekend.
selected sentence: He didn't have money to get it fixed.
Ex Output:
Bill uses up all of his money >Causes/Enables> Bill doesn't have money
Ex Input:
story: It was midnight. And Erin needed to take out the trash. She stepped outside and headed towards the garbage bin. When she opened it, a cat jumped out. Erin decided to never take out the trash at night again.
selected sentence: Erin decided to never take out the trash at night again.
Ex Output:
A cat jumped from >Causes/Enables> Erin refuses to take the trash to the bin again
Ex Input:
story: There are a lot of deer in the town where I live. As we were driving to school, one walked out in front of us. We almost hit him with our car. He walked away like he didn't even notice us. I was so scared, but he wasn't even bothered!
selected sentence: We almost hit him with our car.
Ex Output:
A deer walked out in front of our car >Causes/Enables> We almost hit him with our car
| task614_glucose_cause_event_detection | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task614_glucose_cause_event_detection-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
You are given a review about a place. You need to provide a rating from "1 star" to "5 stars" for this place.
Example: Although I did enjoy the food here, I was completely unimpressed (and slightly annoyed) by the overpriced margaritas. I ordered a platinum which contained \"fresh\" juice. It tasted like it had sprite in it, so I thought surely she gave me the wrong one. It turns out that \"fresh juice\" is really margarita mix on tap from the same gun as the sprite. I asked for something fresh to replace the horrible margarita and received a rocks glass with just muddled lime and a salted rim. I'm not sure it contained any tequila. Horrible! It's not that hard to make a fresh margarita!
Output: 2 stars
The writer has been annoyed in this place and has enjoyed the food. So, "2 stars" sounds reasonable for it.
New input case for you: We had family in town so met them there for drinks. It had been several years since I last went there so figured we would check it out. It was around 11:30 when we went and they seemed to have a mix of dueling pianos and karaoke going on. That seemed okay but all the tables were made up for dining and it just seemed like it didn't know if it wanted to be a pub or restaurant. We left after one drink because with the odd seating and how ridiculously loud it was there wash couldn't talk much. We won't be going back.
Output: 2 stars | task1292_yelp_review_full_text_categorization | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1292_yelp_review_full_text_categorization-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
Given a sentence in Dutch, generate a new Dutch sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Part 2. Example
Je kunt een mandje gebruiken om de prullenbak te vervangen.
Answer: Je kunt een mand gebruiken om afval weg te gooien.
Explanation: This is a good change in the input, because it is semantically similar to the input as both are talking about using a basket to through trash/garbage and the output sentence follows the commonsense knowledge.
Part 3. Exercise
Je kunt een vuilnisbak controleren om vuilnis te redden.
Answer: Je kunt een vuilnisbak gebruiken om vuilnis op te slaan. | task409_mickey_nl_sentence_perturbation_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task409_mickey_nl_sentence_perturbation_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a context, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and an answer term. Your job is to generate a question that can use the information provided to obtain the given answer. You should use the information on both context and link information to create the question. Note that the answer to the question should be exactly the given answer, and if the answer is none, the answer to the question shouldn't be obtainable from the context or linked information.
Input: Consider Input: Context: He commanded the U.S. forces in the Battle of Tirad Pass, 2 December 1899, where General Gregorio del Pilar was killed Link Information: He was promoted to brigadier-general after this event. Answer: 1
Output: How long had Gregorio del Pilar been a General for when he was killed?
Input: Consider Input: Context: New signing Leon Best was then selected ahead of Løvenkrands for the fixture at St James' Park against Cardiff City. Link Information: Southampton Answer: 10
Output: How many teams has the player selected ahead of Løvenkrands for the fixture at St James' Park against Cardiff City played for?
Input: Consider Input: Context: He won a Distinguished Conduct Medal at the Battle of Pozières, Link Information: The Battle of Pozières (23 July – 3 September 1916) Answer: 3 September 1916
Output: When did the event where Frank Alberry won a Distinguished Conduct Medal end?
| task235_iirc_question_from_subtext_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task235_iirc_question_from_subtext_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given an article. Your task is to summarize the article in a sentence.
Part 2. Example
Ms Bourne, who became Sussex's first PCC in 2012, was declared winner after the vote went to a second count.
Three candidates were eliminated in the first count, leaving only Ms Bourne and Labour's Michael Jones.
In the first count, Ms Bourne had 114,570 votes and Mr Jones had 61,017. The second count brought their totals to 139,335 and 86,392 respectively.
She said: "I'm absolutely honoured and very privileged to be elected."
She said she needed to "find extra savings because budgets are still reducing" and "to invest in frontline policing because I know that is really important to people in Sussex".
Voter turnout was 22.5% compared with 15.3% in 2012.
The three eliminated in the first count were Green Party candidate James Doyle, UKIP's Patrick Lowe and James Walsh from the Liberal Democrats.
Results listed alphabetically by surname are as follows. BBC News App users: tap here to see the results.
Answer: Conservative Katy Bourne has been re-elected police and crime commissioner for Sussex.
Explanation: This is a good example. The output correctly summarizes the article.
Part 3. Exercise
Dharminder Singh was banned from operating for three months after Glasgow Council's licensing committee upheld the findings of an inquiry.
It was also claimed he allowed eight passengers into the taxi - even though he was only permitted to carry six.
Mr Singh disputed the claims and said he had charged £11.20 and was paid £18.
In a statement, he said the group had been rowdy and one passenger had called him "Taliban" more than once.
"The girl took my photo and accused me of taking a long route and overcharging," he said.
The committee was shown a statement from the complainant.
It said: "The driver asked for £80 upfront and gave us the option to pay it or get out of the taxi.
"We asked how the fare was so expensive and he couldn't give us an explanation.
"Luckily, we had the money to pay it or we could have been left in Glasgow, lost and in a vulnerable situation."
The passenger also said Mr Singh had dropped them about a mile away from Hampden, despite other taxi passengers being dropped off closer to the venue.
The committee heard that seven witness statements from the other passengers had been read to Mr Singh, which he described as lies.
Following the committee's decision, councillor Frank Docherty said Mr Singh had deliberately attempted to exploit people desperate to get to a concert on time.
"By overloading his cab, the driver also put passenger safety at risk and people who use taxis in Glasgow have a right to expect higher standards than this.
"The committee will always take action against those who fail to meet the standards expected of them."
Answer: A taxi driver who charged visitors to Glasgow £80 for a journey of less than three miles to a Beyonce concert has had his licence suspended. | task1290_xsum_summarization | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1290_xsum_summarization-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision. Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
[EX Q]: Supreme Court rejected Cook’s claim of error on direct appeal, finding that the prosecutor’s comments were not directed at Cook’s decision not to testify, and that the comment about the videotape was invited by Cook’s cross-examination and argument. Cook, 821 P.2d at 741-43. The district court agreed that the comments were either comments on the state of the evidence or invited by Cook’s arguments and cross-examination. In addition, the district court found that, if there was error, it was harmless under Brecht v. Abrahamson, 507 U.S. 619, 631, 113 S.Ct. 1710, 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993). Comment on the refusal to testify at trial violates a defendant’s Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. See Griffin v. California, 380 U.S. 609, 615, 85 S.Ct. 1229, 14 L.Ed.2d 106 (1965) (<HOLDING>). Also, a prosecutor’s comment on a defendant’s
Holding statements: (A) recognizing that the fifth amendment forbids comment by the prosecution on a defendants failure to testify (B) holding that it is improper for prosecutor to comment on accuseds postarrest silence (C) holding fifth amendment prohibits comment on accuseds silence during police custodial interrogation (D) holding fifth amendment prohibits comment on accuseds testimonial silence (E) holding that the fifth amendment forbids either comment by the prosecution on the accuseds silence or instructions by the court that such silence is evidence of guilt
[EX A]: recognizing that the fifth amendment forbids comment by the prosecution on a defendants failure to testify
[EX Q]: venue, the propriety of venue is fixed in the county chosen by the plaintiff. Tex.Civ.PRAC. & Rem.Code Ann. § 15.063 (Vernon 1986); Tex.R.Civ.P. 86-1. If a defendant objects to the plaintiffs venue choice and properly challenges that choice through a motion to transfer venue, the question of proper venue is raised. Tex.R.Civ.P. 86. The burden is on the plaintiff to prove that venue is maintainable in the county of suit. Id. 87-2(a). If the plaintiff fails to meet this burden, the trial court must transfer the lawsuit to another specified county of proper venue. Tex.Civ.PRAC. & Rem.Code Ann. § 15.063(1) (“The court ... shall transfer an action to another county of proper venue if ... the county in which the action is pending is not a proper county....”); Tieuel, 654 S.W.2d at 775 (<HOLDING>). If the plaintiff meets the burden, the trial
Holding statements: (A) holding that if a modification petition is filed in a county where venue is appropriate it is improper to transfer the venue to another county merely because venue also would have been proper in the other county however once an enforcement proceeding is undertaken in an appropriate venue venue is improper in a different county over a subsequently filed petition to modify the decree which was the subject of the enforcement proceedings (B) recognizing that the plaintiff has the right to file suit in any permissible county (C) holding venue proper where proper when the action was commenced (D) holding that even if venue was improper the case should have been transferred not dismissed (E) recognizing that if the plaintiff files suit in a county where venue does not lie the plaintiff waives the right to choose and the defendant may have the suit transferred to a proper venue
[EX A]: holding that if a modification petition is filed in a county where venue is appropriate it is improper to transfer the venue to another county merely because venue also would have been proper in the other county however once an enforcement proceeding is undertaken in an appropriate venue venue is improper in a different county over a subsequently filed petition to modify the decree which was the subject of the enforcement proceedings
[EX Q]: specific performance of an earnest money agreement. Id. at 1019. In that case, the plaintiffs had failed to make a payment in accordance with the parties' contract and the defendant, consequently, refused to convey the property. Id. at 1020. The plaintiffs sought specific performance of the purchase contract, and the defendant was, therefore, required to defend by showing that the plaintiffs did not perform their contractual obligations. Id. at 1028. Since the defendant did not disaffirm the contract, but chose, instead, to rely on the terms of the contract, the Oregon Supreme Court ruled that the defendant was entitled to recover his attorneys' fees under the fee-shifting provision of the contract. Id. See also Oral Roberts University v. Anderson, 11 F.Supp.2d 13836 (N.D.Okla.1997) (<HOLDING>); Weter v. Archambault, 313 Mont. 284, 61 P.8d
Holding statements: (A) holding that prevailing party was entitled to attorneys fees under an option contract which had expired prior to litigation because the parties were litigating their performance under the terms of the contract (B) recognizing that a school district must be a prevailing party in order to be entitled to attorneys fees under the idea (C) holding award of attorneys fees to party prevailing on contract claim is mandatory under section 38001 if there is proof of the reasonableness of the fees (D) holding that prevailing party to contract dispute may recover attorneys fees either pursuant to contract or pursuant to statute (E) holding that the party prevailing on the significant issues in the litigation is the party that should be considered the prevailing party for attorneys fees
[EX A]: recognizing that a school district must be a prevailing party in order to be entitled to attorneys fees under the idea
| task287_casehold_legal_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task287_casehold_legal_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given an input list A. You need to find all the elements of the list that are numbers in the same order as they appear in the list A.
Example: ['238', 'h', '92', 'U', '2799']
Output: 238, 92, 2799
Here, the numbers in the input list in order are '238', '92' and '2799'.
New input case for you: ['1525', '7715', '2355', 'k', 'W', '9435', '611', '267', 'w', 'Q', '1977', 'J', 'Y', '3555', 'T', '2963', 'Z', '1729', 'q', 'U', 'B']
Output: 1525, 7715, 2355, 9435, 611, 267, 1977, 3555, 2963, 1729 | task497_extract_all_numbers_from_list_in_order | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task497_extract_all_numbers_from_list_in_order-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
See one example below:
Problem: In 1582 the united provinces invited francis, duke of anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take antwerp in 1583, the duke left the netherlands again. after the assassination of william of orange (10 july 1584), both henry iii of france and elizabeth i of england declined the offer of sovereignty. however, the latter agreed to turn the united provinces into a protectorate of england (treaty of nonsuch, 1585), and sent the earl of leicester as governor-general. this was unsuccessful and in 1588 the provinces became a confederacy. the union of utrecht is regarded as the foundation of the republic of the seven united provinces, which was not recognized by the spanish empire until the peace of westphalia in 1648.
Solution: In what year did francis, duke of anjou leave the netherlands?
Explanation: The generated question is perfect. Because the question is based on second sentence of the input passage and its answer is 1583.
Problem: To be a good aquifer, the rock in the aquifer must have good: porosity: small spaces between grains permeability: connections between pores To reach an aquifer, surface water infiltrates downward into the ground through tiny spaces or pores in the rock. The water travels down through the permeable rock until it reaches a layer that does not have pores; this rock is impermeable (Figure 1.1). This impermeable rock layer forms the base of the aquifer. The upper surface where the groundwater reaches is the water table. Groundwater is found beneath the solid surface. Notice that the water table roughly mirrors the slope of the lands surface. A well penetrates the water table. For a groundwater aquifer to contain the same amount of water, the amount of recharge must equal the amount of discharge. What are the likely sources of recharge? What are the likely sources of discharge? What happens to the water table when there is a lot of rainfall? What happens when there is a drought? Although groundwater levels do not rise and fall as rapidly as at the surface, over time the water table will rise during wet periods and fall during droughts. In wet regions, streams are fed by groundwater; the surface of the stream is the top of the water table (Figure 1.2). In dry regions, water seeps down from the stream into the aquifer. These streams are often dry much of the year. Water leaves a groundwater reservoir in streams or springs. People take water from aquifers, too. Groundwater meets the surface in a stream (Figure 1.2) or a spring (Figure 1.3). A spring may be constant, or may only flow at certain times of year. Towns in many locations depend on water from springs. Springs can be an extremely important source of water in locations where surface water is scarce. A well is created by digging or drilling to reach groundwater. It is important for anyone who intends to dig a well to know how deep beneath the surface the water table is. When the water table is close to the surface, wells are a convenient method for extracting water. When the water table is far below the surface, specialized equipment must The top of the stream is the top of the water table. The stream feeds the aquifer. A spring in Croatia bubbles to the surface and feeds the river Cetina. be used to dig a well. Most wells use motorized pumps to bring water to the surface, but some still require people to use a bucket to draw water up (Figure 1.4). An old-fashioned well that uses a bucket drawn up by hand.
Solution: the surface of a stream is | task470_mrqa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task470_mrqa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you're given a pair of sentences, sentence 1 and sentence 2, that neither agree with nor contradict each other. Your job is to alter sentence 2 so that the pair clearly agree with each other. Generated sentences must be short, with less than 15 words. New information can be introduced. Avoid using pronouns to confuse the subject of the sentence.
Sentence 1: Jon saw his friend Tom coming out of the grocery store with a bag of fruit. Sentence 2: Tom had been shopping for fruit to give Jon.
Solution: Tom had gone into the store before he was seen by Jon.
Why? Tom must have gone into the store to come out of it.
New input: Sentence 1: A woman standing atop a shopping cart to gain a good vantage point of the rest of the supermarket. Sentence 2: She stood on top of her shopping cart.
Solution: The woman was shopping at the supermarket. | task188_snli_neutral_to_entailment_text_modification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task188_snli_neutral_to_entailment_text_modification-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a context and four options. Each option is a suggested ending for the context. You should read the context and pick the best ending for the context. Please answer with "A", "B", "C", and "D".
PROBLEM: [header] How to ride the toronto subway [title] Use the ttc trip planner. [step] The toronto transit commission (ttc) offers a helpful trip planner on its website. Simply enter your starting point and destination into the appropriate fields, then set your departure or arrival time. <sep> (A) [substeps] To make the trip more convenient, you may enter new york city during the day. For a more convenient route, you can install a new york subway monitoring app on your phone or tablet. (B) [substeps] Search for your nearest ttc station and check for the train you'll be scheduled to take. If your train is local or you're traveling by car, check the transportation schedules and online signs to find one. (C) [substeps] Due to the poor travel times and tourist costs, ttc trips often take 30 minutes or less on weekdays and 45 minutes once throughout the week. Ttc only prolongs this travel time in the 21st century. (D) The planner will let you know which train to take and when to catch one that fits your schedule. [substeps] You can find the trip planner here: http: // ttc.ca/trip _ planner/index.
SOLUTION: D
PROBLEM: [header] How to dry out wet currency [title] Find a dry space. [step] Make sure the bills are kept in a room with good air circulation to lessen the time it takes for the bills to dry. Keep the bills in an area where they won't get blown away or easily lost. <sep> (A) [substeps] At home, you will be able to air dry your currency if your bills stay wet. [title] Store your currencies in a dark, dry place. (B) Avoid putting the bills near open air vents or next to tight crevices where the bills could fall. Try arranging them on the edge of a sink so the water will drip to the ground. (C) Good air circulation should not damage the bills, but it shouldn't be expensive either. [title] Make sure the area is clear of wet or air-logged fabric or paper. (D) [title] Keep your bank account secure if possible. [step] Also, to help the currency from drying out, make sure the extra cash is well hidden in the bank so it isn't moved quickly to prevent the contents from spoiling or breaking up in transit.
SOLUTION: B
PROBLEM: [header] How to make a great first vlog [title] Make sure that you have the right equipment. [step] You don't need an expensive dslr camera and microphone, but you should have a camera that can handle video in 720p at the very least. You should also have an external microphone that hooks up to the camera. <sep> (A) Your vlog will only work if you have a mp3 player. [title] Get good quality editing software for your camera. (B) [substeps] For digital vlogs, you will need one with both video and audio capabilities, such as a vlog. [title] Change the camera speed when you make it first vlog. (C) [substeps] If you have a smartphone (or even a tablet), you don't need to buy any equipment to complement it. Sound is just as important as video, so don't neglect your microphone if you buy a dedicated one. (D) [title] Set up your vlog in a well-lit area. [step] If you plan to be shooting at night, you might as well go indoors, or it might be too stuffy and possibly might be too warm.
SOLUTION: C
| task1389_hellaswag_completion | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1389_hellaswag_completion-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be shown a Persian passage and question. You need to write a answer for the question. Try to keep your answers as short as possible.
Let me give you an example: هم حسی (synesthesia) فرایندی عصبشناختی است که در آن، تحریک یک گذرگاه حسی یا شناختی به تجربهای خود به خود و بیاختیار در یک گذرگاه حسی یا شناختیِ دیگر میانجامد. هم حسی درواقع به نوعی ترکیب حواس است. حرف-رنگ: افراد دارای هم حسی حرف-رنگ با دیدن حروف یا اعداد، رنگ مشخصی را همزمان مشاهده میکنند. با وجود اینکه افراد متفاوت معمولاً رنگهای متفاوتی گزارش میکنند، اما شباهتهایی در رنگهای دیده شده از حروف وجود دارد (برای مثال، حرف A معمولاً قرمز است) هم حسی حرف-رنگ، بیشتر از انواع دیگر دیده شدهاست.کرومستیزیا: این افراد با شنیدن هر نوع صدا رنگ متفاوتی میبینند به همین دلیل احتمالاً pitch perfect دارند و در زمینهٔ موسیقی استعداد زیادی دارند.هم حسی دنبالهٔ فضایی: این نوع هم حسی به این صورت است که فرد دنبالههای عددی را به صورت نقطههایی در فضا میبیند. این گونه افراد معمولاً حافظهٔ خیلی خوبی دارند.هم حسی شنوایی-لامسه ای: افراد دارای این نوع هم حسی، زمانی که صدایی میشنوند، حسی در بخشی از بدنشان تحریک میشود. مثلاً با شنیدن یک کلمهٔ خاص، حس میکنند یک بخش خاص از بدنشان انگار لمس میشود. آینه ای-لامسه ای: اینگونه افراد حسی را که فرد دیگری دارد، حس میکنند. مثلاً ممکن است فردی به پشت فرد دیگری بزند و این شخص حس کند که کسی به پشتش میزند. ممکن است به نورونهای آینه ای که در نواحی حرکتی مغز قرار دارند مربوط باشند که حس همدردی به آن برمیگردد.
Question: هم حسی چه نوع فرایندی است
The answer to this example can be: عصبشناختی
Here is why: This is a good example. Based on the passage, the answer is correct.
OK. solve this:
خودکار نوکساچمهای یا بهزبان عام، خودکار، گونهای ابزار نوشتاری نوین یا گونهای قلم است. خودکار دارای یک لولهٔ درونی است همراه با رزانه (جوهر) چسبناکی که با چرخش ساچمه یا گوی کوچک فلزی (با ۰٫۷ تا ۱٫۶ میلیمتر قطر) از جنس برنج، فولاد یا تنگستن کربید در نوک آن، در زمان استفاده پخش میشود. «خودکار نوکساچمهای» را لاسلو بیرو، مخترع و روزنامهنگار اهل مجارستان، در سال ۱۹۳۱ میلادی اختراع کرد. او از برادرش که شیمیدان بود یاری گرفت و با تغییراتی کم در مرکب رزانه (جوهر)، کمی از غلظت آن کم کرد و چیزی همانند جوهر خودکار امروزی را ابداع نمود ولی با این حال هنوز هم این جوهر غلظت بالایی برای روان شدن در خودنویس داشت و لذا خودنویس را کنار گذاشت و به فکر قلم جدیدی افتاد که بتواند این جوهر غلیظ را -که سریع هم خشک میشود- به سطح کاغذ برساند؛ بنابراین، با کمک برادر خود توانست یک ساختار جدید که ما امروز در فارسی به نام «خودکار» و در انگلیسی به نام ball point pen (قلم نوکساچمهای) میشناسیم، اختراع کند. ساختار خودکار بسیار ظریف اما در عین حال بسیار ساده است. خودکار از سه قسمت اصلی تشکیل شدهاست. ساچمه در نوک و محل برخورد با کاغذ، بدنهٔ نگهدارندهٔ ساچمه، و نهایتاً مخزن جوهر غلیظ.
Question: مخترع خودکار اهل چه کشوری است و در چه سالی خودکار را اختراع کرد؟
Answer: اهل مجارستان، در سال ۱۹۳۱ میلادی اختراع کرد. | task395_persianqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task395_persianqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given an Amazon customer review, write a title for the review. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: Great,,,,,
[A]: Five Stars
[Q]: Amazing price for such a great product. Arrived on time in safe protective packing. It's a lot bigger than I expected it to be so that was a pleasant surprise. It is very sturdy and well made. It has pockets for all my needs. I travel for business with it and fits all my stuff perfectly. I would strongly recommend this product.
[A]: Amazing price for such a great product
[Q]: The color stands out so I can never misplace it!! Works great and I Love the way I can adjust the cover to make a perfect stand!
[A]: Great Case
| task1342_amazon_us_reviews_title | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1342_amazon_us_reviews_title-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it. Your job is to determine which sentence(s) from the passage can be used to search for further information needed to answer the question.
One example: Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.
Solution is here: During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen.
Explanation: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden.
Now, solve this: Question: How many copies did Quadrophenia sell the year of its release? Passage:The Who developed from an earlier group, the Detours, and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements, featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage. Their first single as the Who, "I Can't Explain", reached the UK top ten, and was followed by a string of singles including "My Generation", "Substitute" and "Happy Jack". In 1967, they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single "I Can See for Miles", while touring extensively. The group's fourth album, 1969's rock opera Tommy, included the single "Pinball Wizard" and was a critical and commercial success. Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival, along with the live album Live at Leeds, cemented their reputation as a respected rock act. With their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter Townshend, and the follow-up to Tommy, Lifehouse, was abandoned. Songs from the project made up 1971's Who's Next, which included the hit "Won't Get Fooled Again". The group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975. They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976. The release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after.
Solution: The group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots, and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975 | task234_iirc_passage_line_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task234_iirc_passage_line_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you need to reverse the order of words in the given sentence.
Sentence: a statue standing next to a clock and some bells
bells some and clock a to next standing statue a
Sentence: a baseball player hitting a pitch with catcher and umpire behind him
him behind umpire and catcher with pitch a hitting player baseball a
Sentence: a street stop sign attached to a pole in an intersection
intersection an in pole a to attached sign stop street a
| task376_reverse_order_of_words | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task376_reverse_order_of_words-fs_opt | en |
Read the given text and if it has abusive content then indicate via "yes". Otherwise indicate via"no".
We consider the content to be abusive if it contains any of the following instances: (1) Identity Directed Abuse (e.g., Content which contains a negative statement made against an identity. An identity is a social category that relates to a fundamental aspect of individuals community, socio-demographics, position or self-representation) (2) Affiliation Directed Abuse (e.g., Content which express negativity against an affiliation. We define affiliation as a (more or less) voluntary association with a collective. Affiliations include but are not limited to: memberships (e.g. Trade unions), party memberships (e.g. Republicans), political affiliations (e.g. Right-wing people) and occupations (e.g. Doctors).) (3) Person Directed Abuse (e.g., Content which directs negativity against an identifiable person, who is either part of the conversation thread or is named. Person-directed abuse includes serious character based attacks, such as accusing the person of lying, as well as aggression, insults and menacing language.) and (4) Counter Speech (e.g., Content which challenges, condemns or calls out the abusive language of others.). Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
Example Input: What a thrill The darkness and silence of r/Drama What a thrill I'm searching and I'm melting for bussy What a fear in my heart When you bussy's so supreme I give my life Not for honor, but for bussy In my time There'll be no cummies left Crime is the way I fly to bussy I'm still sucking dick Bussy Eater Some day You'll go through the bussies Some day You'll feed on a cummie It's so dear The trial to get bussy For the day We get banned I give my life Not for honor, but for bussy In my time There'll be no cummies left Crime is the way I fly to bussy I'm still sucking dick Bussy Eater I'm still sucking dick Bussy Eater
Example Output: yes
Example Input: Came here for this.
Example Output: no
Example Input: I think this is a thought nobody is going to let go of until a few more years pass. Awareness is very lacking for many things, going from rape arguments to differences in how depression and confessions of feelings are treated (for example a woman confessing for needing help often receives a different treatment from everyone nearby her compared to a male that is mocked for his weakness or kind of receiving a disgusted reaction, especially by the opposite gender). I have received more or less the same answers you received, although in my case it was always forceful molestation. There is still this underlying thought from men that mostly see the other sex as a chance to be sexual with rather than human beings first, but not when without them, mostly with strangers or friends or acquaintances. I think in a few years things will change, and hopefully the awareness of rape being a general problem, depression and sadness being top priorities to fight along obesity as cause of death, will progress once and for all.
Example Output: no
| task108_contextualabusedetection_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task108_contextualabusedetection_classification-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any.
See one example below:
Problem: original question: Who is the museum director of [Science Museum, London]?
answer: Ian Blatchford
answer type: Museum director.
auxiliary information: The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually. Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission. Temporary exhibitions, however, may incur an admission fee. It is part of the Science Museum Group, having merged with the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in 2012.
Solution: The museum director of the [Science Museum, London] is?
Explanation: The question is correctly paraphrased in this example.
Problem: original question: Which theatrical lyricist writes [The Garrick Gaieties]
answer: lorenz hart
answer type: Theatrical Lyricist.
auxiliary information: The Garrick Gaieties is a revue with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Lorenz Hart, the first successful musical by this songwriting team. It debuted in 1925 on Broadway and was the first of three Garrick Gaiety revues, which were subsequently produced in 1926 and 1930. The show parodied current subjects, such as the New York City Subway system and the Theatre Guild. The Garrick Gaieties is remembered as "bringing Rodgers and Hart their first major recognition." Their hit song "Manhattan" was introduced in this revue.
Solution: Which theatrical lyricist wrote [The Garrick Gaieties]? | task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given a tweet and you must identify whether the tweet contains any offense or any form of (untargeted) profanity. Label the post as NOT if the post does not contain offense or profanity. Non-offensive posts do not include any form of offense or profanity. label the post as OFFENSIVE if the post contains offensive language or a targeted (veiled or direct) offense. Twitter user mentions were substituted by @USER and URLs have been substitute by URL.
@USER Don’t even know the subject but I’ll side with Sarandon only because she has class (even if I disagree with her) against the classless rambling fool. 😁
OFFENSIVE
@USER Jonah hill ratted your sorry ass out wdym
NOT
@USER @USER @USER @USER Mob death threats? Has Antifa turned on her? Maxine Waters?
OFFENSIVE
| task286_olid_offense_judgment | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task286_olid_offense_judgment-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you need to reverse the order of words in the given sentence.
Example: Sentence: luggage surrounds a vehicle in an underground parking area
Output: area parking underground an in vehicle a surrounds luggage
This is a correct answer, as it correctly reverses the order of the words.
New input case for you: Sentence: a person swinging a tennis racket at a ball
Output: ball a at racket tennis a swinging person a | task376_reverse_order_of_words | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task376_reverse_order_of_words-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task your given two statements in Vietnamese. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.
PROBLEM: Một chiếc ô tô lạ đỗ bên ngoài nhà tôi.
Tôi trở nên nghi ngờ.
SOLUTION: effect
PROBLEM: Cậu bé gọt bút chì.
Thật là buồn tẻ.
SOLUTION: cause
PROBLEM: Tôi đã suy nghĩ cẩn thận về vấn đề này.
Tôi đã đưa ra một giải pháp.
SOLUTION: effect
| task1183_xcopa_commonsense_cause_effect_vi | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1183_xcopa_commonsense_cause_effect_vi-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a sentence and a profession. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is identifiable using the gendered pronouns in the text and the other's gender is unidentifiable. You are expected to return whether the given profession's gender is identifiable or unidentifiable.
Example: Sentence: The farmer needed the accountant for crop tabulation and asked him for help.
Profession: accountant
Example solution: Identifiable
Example explanation: The accountant's gender is identifiable(male) because the pronoun "him" is linked to the accountant.
Problem: Sentence: The salesperson sold some books to the librarian because he wanted to learn.
Profession: salesperson
Solution: Unidentifiable | task351_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_anti | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task351_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_anti-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given an answer, and your task is to generate a reasonable question for that answer.
[Q]: I'm currently working on my master's.
[A]: Have you been to college/university?
[Q]: Could we go somewhere with organic meat?
[A]: Are you in the mood for burgers?
[Q]: I am excited to save money.
[A]: Is budget a major consideration?
| task568_circa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task568_circa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
You are given a science question (easy-level) and four answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer based on scientific facts, knowledge, and reasoning. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'. There is only one correct answer for each question.
One example: Which part of a bicycle BEST moves in a circle?
(A) Seat (B) Frame (C) Foot pedal (D) Kickstand
Solution is here: C
Explanation: Seat, frame and Kickstand are static parts of the bicycle, even when bicycle moves. Foot pedal moves in a circle as bicycle moves.
Now, solve this: In the first half of this century, which technology allowed people, for the first time, to work IN the city but live OUTSIDE the city?
(A) airplanes (B) automobiles (C) telephones (D) television
Solution: B | task228_arc_answer_generation_easy | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task228_arc_answer_generation_easy-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
One example: He grew up in Evanston, Illinois the second oldest of five children including his brothers, Fred and Gordon and sisters, Marge (Peppy) and Marilyn. His high school days were spent at New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois. MacKenzie studied with Bernard Leach from 1949 to 1952. _His_ simple, wheel-thrown functional pottery is heavily influenced by the oriental aesthetic of Shoji Hamada and Kanjiro Kawai. <sep>, Pronoun: His
Solution is here: MacKenzie
Explanation: Based on the text, his refers to MacKenzie.
Now, solve this: Susie's Law was passed unanimously in both the North Carolina State Senate and North Carolina House of Representatives and was signed into law by North Carolina Governor Beverly Perdue, and took effect on December 1, 2010. Passage was possible through intense citizen involvement when Susie's abuse became public, and fund-raising appeals met with great success. Susie was rescued by Donna Smith Lawrence, who had been seriously injured in an attack by a pit bull, which _she_ had befriended, several months prior to finding Susie. <sep>, Pronoun: she
Solution: Donna Smith Lawrence | task330_gap_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task330_gap_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a context and four options. Each option is a suggested ending for the context. You should read the context and pick the best ending for the context. Please answer with "A", "B", "C", and "D".
Example input: [header] How to create a christmas tree forest [title] Consider the type of tree you want to plant. [step] There are a wide variety of christmas trees and include fir, pine, spruce, cypress, and cedar. These trees thrive in different climates and look different from one another. <sep> (A) It is important to research the tree before setting up your tree to try it out to make sure you can write the tree's growing season so that you can get the most supplies you need. If you're just interested in having a tree stand out, then make sure to check for the following : [substeps] Spruce trees. (B) [substeps] Trees green may be used in a mix of green and evergreen. Greens, such as pintos and olive oil, may be more delicate than these. (C) Where the trees grow together is up to you. [substeps] Spruce trees light up the night for hours in the morning and drown out the morning sunrise between afternoons. (D) Think about where your tree forest will be located and choose a tree that can thrive in that climate. [substeps] Balsam firs are a popular christmas tree species that grow in the northern united states and canada, in hardiness zones 3-5 or states like minnesota, north dakota, and montana.
Example output: D
Example explanation: This is a good example. Only option D is about Christmas trees. So, it's the correct option.
Q: The boy falls of and gets back on the ball before he falls off again. He tries to sit on the ball but the ball rolls away. he <sep> (A) tries again to sit on the ball. (B) sits again and another boy tries to pull him back on the ball. (C) walks away and the bell rings for the homerun. (D) retrieves it and continues to sit on and fall off the ball.
A: D | task1389_hellaswag_completion | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1389_hellaswag_completion-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: You will be given a text in Russian language which contain different emotion labels from the list - ['joy', ' sadness', 'surprise', 'fear', 'anger']. You need to output the incorrect emotion label, which is irrelevant to the input text. Your answer (i) should contain only one emotion label (ii) should be unambiguous.
PROBLEM: Не зря опасался :D
SOLUTION: sadness
PROBLEM: Сбили...человека..ужасное зрелище.... Господи, да не перебегайте дорогу а неположенном месте...;(
SOLUTION: surprise
PROBLEM: - Что же ты ,- сурово сказал командир .
SOLUTION: joy
| task1663_cedr_ru_incorrect_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1663_cedr_ru_incorrect_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given an input i,A where i is an integer and A is an array. You need to find every ith element of A starting with the 1st element.
Input: Consider Input: 4, ['3709', '9955', '7899', 'D', 'q', 'D', '1877', 'X', 'U', '3097', 'u', 'T', 'R', '6727', 'T', 'p', 'F', 'W', 'T', 'S', 'p', '4703', '601', '2521', 'H', '5839', 'A', '7649', 'J', 'W']
Output: 3709, q, U, R, F, p, H, J
Input: Consider Input: 3, ['W', '8213', '1489', '3179', '2515', '2317', 'c', 'C', '1499', 'q', 'S', '7401', '4181', 'A', '4525', '5771', '6761', '7607', 'W', '9745', 'z', '8075', '1535']
Output: W, 3179, c, q, 4181, 5771, W, 8075
Input: Consider Input: 18, ['8731', '3237', '4799', '5747', 'Z', 'A', 'N', '6127', 'j', '8307', '7671', '1025', 'T', '2473', '663', 'y', 'F', '3239', 'n', '4985', 'b', 'v', '4261', 'r', '2547', '123', 'N', 'C', '5009', 'n', 'F', '9039', '7715', '1033', '1747', 'A', '4817', 'x', 'z', 'x', '2987', 'u', 'M', '9267', '9291', 'e', 'o', 'U', 'A', 'Z']
Output: 8731, n, 4817
| task1542_every_ith_element_from_starting | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1542_every_ith_element_from_starting-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: Given a review text from amazon and its polarity (either positive or negative). Generate answer "True" if given sentence and its polarity match, otherwise generate answer "False". A review is considered positive if the reviewer is satisfied with the product. Otherwise, it is considered negative.
PROBLEM: Review: I had the rare experience of giving up on a novel after only a couple of chapters when trying to read Edge of Danger recently, but Higgins managed to pen a book so lame that I refused to go any further. His bad guy is supposedly a Scottish-Arabian aristocrat but comes off as just another cartoon Arab terrorist with an implausible, pointless heritage. But, what do you expect from a middle-aged author who poses in bomber jacket and aviator glasses on the dust jacket.... depth?
Polarity: Positive
SOLUTION: False
PROBLEM: Review: I am an English teacher and getting through the book was tough. Only Nathaniel Hawthorne can make sex sound boring.
Polarity: Negative
SOLUTION: True
PROBLEM: Review: This product is anything but fast, complete, and easy as it claims to be. Unless, you already own Powerpoint it is also useless. You cannot add text or graphics to your photos unless it is done in powerpoint and imported into DVD photoplay. As far as adding background music good luck. The instructions tell you to compress the files and then combine into one large file then once you go to burn the cd it won't recognize the audio size you were told to convert to.I would not recommend this product to anyone. The concept is great one but failed miserably in it is claim to be fast, complete, easy, and flexible.
Polarity: Positive
SOLUTION: False
| task494_review_polarity_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task494_review_polarity_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
You are given a question. You need to detect which category better describes the question. A question belongs to the description category if it asks about description and abstract concepts. Entity questions are about entities such as animals, colors, sports, etc. Abbreviation questions ask about abbreviations and expressions abbreviated. Questions regarding human beings, description of a person, and a group or organization of persons are categorized as Human. Quantity questions are asking about numeric values and Location questions ask about locations, cities, and countries. Answer with "Description", "Entity", "Abbreviation", "Person", "Quantity", and "Location".
One example: What's the most common name in nursery rhymes ?
Solution is here: Person
Explanation: This question is about people's names. So, the output should be "Person".
Now, solve this: What is the fastest growing state in the U.S.A. in 1998 ?
Solution: Location | task1289_trec_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1289_trec_classification-fs_opt | en |