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[ "Title: Nobel Prize in Physics Content: Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics () is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he", "Title: Nobel Prize Content: His son, George Paget Thomson, received the same prize in 1937 for showing that they also have the properties of waves. William Henry Bragg and his son, William Lawrence Bragg, shared the Physics Prize in 1915 for inventing the X-ray spectrometer. Niels Bohr was awarded the Physics prize in 1922, as was his son, Aage Bohr, in 1975. Manne Siegbahn, who received the Physics Prize in 1924, was the father of Kai Siegbahn, who received the Physics Prize in 1981. Hans von Euler-Chelpin, who received the Chemistry Prize in 1929, was the father of Ulf von Euler, who was awarded", "Title: Nobel Prize in Physics Content: receive a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the prize amount. Nobel Prize in Physics The Nobel Prize in Physics () is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first Nobel Prize in Physics was", "Title: Albert A. Michelson Content: Albert A. Michelson Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS HFRSE (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming the first American to win the Nobel Prize in a science. Michelson was born in Strzelno, Province of Posen in Germany (now Poland), the son of Samuel Michelson and his wife, Rozalia Przyłubska, both of Jewish descent. He moved to the US with his parents in 1855, at the age of two. He grew up", "Title: Wilhelm Röntgen Content: Wilhelm Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (; ; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honour of his accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him. Born to a German father and a Dutch mother, Röntgen attended high school in Utrecht, Netherlands. In", "Title: Wilhelm Röntgen Content: Wilhelm Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (; ; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honour of his accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him. Born to a German father and a Dutch mother, Röntgen attended high school in Utrecht, Netherlands. In", "Title: John Bardeen Content: John Bardeen John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory. The transistor revolutionized the electronics industry and ushered the birth of the Information Age. The semiconductor device also made possible the development of almost every modern electronic device,", "Title: Nobel Prize in Physics Content: 26, 1897 that it was approved by the Storting (Norwegian Parliament). The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the prizes. The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee who were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed: the Karolinska Institutet on June 7, the Swedish Academy on June 9, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on June 11. The Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should", "Title: Wilhelm Röntgen Content: 1887. Röntgen died on 10 February 1923 from carcinoma of the intestine. He inherited two Million Reichsmarks after his father's death. With the inflation following World War I, Röntgen fell into bankruptcy later in life, spending his final years at his country home at Weilheim, near Munich. In keeping with his will, all his personal and scientific correspondence was destroyed upon his death. In 1901, Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. The award was officially \"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him\". Röntgen donated", "Title: Albert A. Michelson Content: vantage point as a graduate student regularly watching him play billiards. Michelson was a member of the Royal Society, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Computer Measurement Group gives an annual A. A. Michelson Award. Albert A. Michelson Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS HFRSE (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming the first American to win the Nobel" ]

[ "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen" ]

[ "Title: Deadpool 2 Content: is dedicated to her memory. The film's score is the first to receive a parental advisory warning for explicit content, and the soundtrack also includes the original song \"Ashes\" by Céline Dion. \"Deadpool 2\" was released in the United States on May 18, 2018. It has grossed over $738 million worldwide, becoming the seventh highest-grossing film of 2018, as well as the third highest-grossing R-rated film and the third highest-grossing \"X-Men\" film. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised its humor, acting (particularly Reynolds, Brolin, and Beetz's performances), story, and action sequences, with some calling it better than the", "Title: Deadpool 2 Content: Deadpool 2 Deadpool 2 is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Deadpool, distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the eleventh installment in the \"X-Men\" film series, and a direct sequel to the 2016 film \"Deadpool\". The film is directed by David Leitch from a script by Rhett Reese, Paul Wernick, and Ryan Reynolds, with Reynolds starring in the title role alongside Josh Brolin, Morena Baccarin, Julian Dennison, Zazie Beetz, T.J. Miller, Brianna Hildebrand, and Jack Kesy. In the film, Deadpool forms the team X-Force to protect a young mutant from the time-traveling soldier Cable.", "Title: Deadpool (film) Content: of 21st Century Fox by Disney was announced in December 2017, Bob Iger said that Deadpool would be integrated with the Marvel Cinematic Universe under Disney. Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the eighth installment of the \"X-Men\" film series and the first standalone \"Deadpool\" film. Directed by Tim Miller from a screenplay by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, the film stars Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool alongside Morena Baccarin, Ed Skrein, T. J. Miller, Gina Carano and", "Title: Deadpool 2 Content: integrate him into the PG-13 MCU. Deadpool 2 Deadpool 2 is a 2018 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Deadpool, distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the eleventh installment in the \"X-Men\" film series, and a direct sequel to the 2016 film \"Deadpool\". The film is directed by David Leitch from a script by Rhett Reese, Paul Wernick, and Ryan Reynolds, with Reynolds starring in the title role alongside Josh Brolin, Morena Baccarin, Julian Dennison, Zazie Beetz, T.J. Miller, Brianna Hildebrand, and Jack Kesy. In the film, Deadpool forms the team X-Force to protect a young", "Title: Deadpool 2 Content: first film, although a feeling of cynicism drew some criticism. An extended edition was released in August 2018, and a re-cut, PG-13 version of the film titled \"Once Upon a Deadpool\" was released theatrically in December 2018. A sequel, \"Deadpool 3\", is in development. After successfully working as the mercenary Deadpool for two years, Wade Wilson fails to kill one of his targets on his anniversary with Vanessa, his girlfriend. That night, after the pair decide to start a family together, the target tracks Wilson down and kills Vanessa. Wilson kills the man in revenge. He blames himself for her", "Title: Deadpool (film) Content: being blocked in China during this initial release, \"Deadpool\" eventually premiered in the country during the 2018 Beijing International Film Festival, which ran over a week from April 15–22. The original version of the film played at the festival without any edits being made specifically for Chinese censors. \"Deadpool\" was released for digital download on April 26, 2016, moved up from the physical home media release, which came on May 10. The latter release, for Blu-ray and DVD, included behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, a blooper reel, and two audio commentaries: one by Tim Miller and Deadpool co-creator Rob Liefeld, and", "Title: Deadpool 2 Content: chimichangas, traditionally Deadpool's favorite food, as well as \"Deadpool\"-inspired Harder drinks. The campaign also included the chance to win a trip to the film's premiere through Harder, and the Los Angeles pop-up benefitted the nonprofit DTLA Film Festival. \"Deadpool 2\" premiered at Leicester Square in London on May 10, 2018. It was released in the United States on May 18, 2018, having been previously scheduled for release on June 1 of that year. Leitch's initial cut of the film was around two hours and twelve minutes, with \"nips and tucks\" done to it to get the run time down to", "Title: Deadpool (film) Content: Deadpool (film) Deadpool is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the eighth installment of the \"X-Men\" film series and the first standalone \"Deadpool\" film. Directed by Tim Miller from a screenplay by Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick, the film stars Ryan Reynolds as Wade Wilson / Deadpool alongside Morena Baccarin, Ed Skrein, T. J. Miller, Gina Carano and Brianna Hildebrand. In the film, Wilson—as the antihero Deadpool—hunts down the man who gave him mutant abilities and caused his scarred physical appearance. Development of a", "Title: Deadpool (film) Content: Screen Rant called it possibly \"the best film marketing campaign in the history of cinema\". HostGator's Jeremy Jensen attributed the campaign's success to Reynolds, and to Fox for embracing the film's R rating. \"Deadpool\"s world premiere was held at the Grand Rex in Paris on February 8, 2016, before its initial theatrical release in Hong Kong the next day. This was followed by releases in 49 other markets over the next few days, including the United States on February 12. The movie was released in several formats, including IMAX, DLP, premium large formats, and D-Box. Kinberg explained that unlike the", "Title: Deadpool 2 Content: at the convention moderated by Soni and featuring other cast members. Some of the scenes cut from the theatrical version of the film were debuted at the panel. At the end of September 2018, Fox announced that it would release an untitled \"Deadpool\" film in theaters on December 21. The studio suggested that press and fans \"guess away\" as to what this new film would be, but it was believed to be a re-cut version of \"Deadpool 2\" that would carry a PG-13 rating rather than being R-rated like the initial theatrical release. Reynolds hinted that the version of the" ]

[ "May eighteen , 2018", "May 18 , 2018" ]

[ "Title: Shortwave bands Content: Shortwave bands Shortwave bands are frequency allocations for use within the shortwave radio spectrum (the upper MF band and all of the HF band). They are the primary medium for applications such as maritime communications, international broadcasting and worldwide amateur radio activity because they take advantage of ionospheric skip propagation to send data around the world. The bands are conventionally stated in wavelength, measured in metres. Propagation behavior on the shortwave bands depends on the time of day, the season and the level of solar activity. Most international broadcasters use amplitude modulation with 5 kHz steps between channels; a few", "Title: Radiotelephone Content: is that a ship calls a shore station, and the shore station's marine operator connects the caller to the public switched telephone network. This service is retained for safety reasons, but in practice has been made obsolete by satellite telephones (particularly INMARSAT) and VoIP telephone and email via satellite internet. Short wave radio is used because it bounces between the ionosphere and the ground, giving a modest 1,000 watt transmitter (the standard power) a worldwide range. Most shore stations monitor several frequencies. The frequencies with the longest range are usually near 20 MHz, but the ionospheric weather (propagation) can dramatically", "Title: Shortwave radio Content: simplest type and the most commonly used for shortwave broadcasting. The instantaneous amplitude of the carrier is controlled by the amplitude of the signal (speech, or music, for example). At the receiver, a simple detector recovers the desired modulation signal from the carrier. Single sideband transmission is a form of amplitude modulation but in effect filters the result of modulation. An amplitude-modulated signal has frequency components both above and below the carrier frequency. If one set of these components is eliminated as well as the residual carrier, only the remaining set is transmitted. This reduces power in the transmission, as", "Title: Shortwave radio Content: audio broadcasting format for shortwave DRM operates 10 kHz or 20 kHz channels. There are some ongoing discussions with respect to specific band allocation for DRM, as it mainly transmitted in 10 kHz format. The power used by shortwave transmitters ranges from less than one watt for some experimental and amateur radio transmissions to 500 kilowatts and higher for intercontinental broadcasters and over-the-horizon radar. Shortwave transmitting centers often use specialized antenna designs (like the ALLISS antenna technology) to concentrate radio energy at the target area. Shortwave does possess a number of advantages over newer technologies, including the following: Shortwave radio's", "Title: Shortwave bands Content: to 27.995 MHz portion, AM and FM mode, with two overlapping sets of 40 channels (27.60125 to 27.99125 MHz in 10 kHz steps, and 27.605 to 27.995 MHz in 10 kHz steps). These transmissions are usually rebroadcasts of church services and can sometimes be heard hundreds or even thousands of km (miles). Part of the 11 m/27 MHz band was also allocated in many countries for early-model cordless phones. In the US and Canada, as well as the Americas (ITU Region 2) as a whole, there are no pre-designated HF allocations for military use. Similar rules exist in Europe, where", "Title: Shortwave radio Content: Shortwave radio Shortwave radio is radio transmission using shortwave radio frequencies. There is no official definition of the band, but the range always includes all of the high frequency band (HF), and generally extends from ; from the high end of the medium frequency band (MF) just above the mediumwave AM broadcast band, to the end of the HF band. Radio waves in the shortwave band can be reflected or refracted from a layer of electrically charged atoms in the atmosphere called the ionosphere. Therefore, short waves directed at an angle into the sky can be reflected back to Earth", "Title: Shortwave radio Content: roughly of the energy sent by an AM signal is in the “carrier”, which is not needed to recover the information contained in the signal. It also reduces signal bandwidth, enabling less than one-half the AM signal bandwidth to be used. The drawback is the receiver is more complicated, since it must re-create the carrier to recover the signal. Small errors in the detection process greatly affect the pitch of the received signal. As a result, single sideband is not used for music or general broadcast. Single sideband is used for long-range voice communications by ships and aircraft, Citizen's Band,", "Title: Shortwave radio Content: in this band are relatively shorter than 200 m (1,500 kHz) which marked the original upper limit of the medium frequency band first used for radio communications. The broadcast medium wave band now extends above the 200 m/1,500 kHz limit, and the amateur radio 1.8 MHz – 2.0 MHz band (known as the \"top band\") is the lowest-frequency band considered to be 'shortwave'. Early long distance radio telegraphy used long waves, below 300 kilohertz (kHz). The drawbacks to this system included a very limited spectrum available for long distance communication, and the very expensive transmitters, receivers and gigantic antennas that", "Title: Shortwave bands Content: use single sideband or reduced carrier single sideband modulation. The World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC), organized under the auspices of the International Telecommunication Union, allocates bands for various services in periodic conferences. The most recent WRC took place in 2012. At WRC-97 in 1997, the following bands were allocated for international broadcasting: Amateur radio operators in many countries are allocated several shortwave bands for private, non-commercial use. Amateur radio is a communications service, educational tool and hobby. It is particularly useful in providing emergency communication where standard telecommunications infrastructure is compromised or nonexistent, such as a disaster area or remote region", "Title: Shortwave radio Content: and amateur radio operators. Lower sideband (LSB) is customarilly used below 9 MHz and USB (upper sideband) above 9 MHz. Vestigal sideband transmits the carrier and one complete sideband, but filters out the other sideband. It is a compromise between AM and SSB, enabing simple receivers to be used, but requires almost as much transmitter power as AM. One advantage is only half the bandwidth of an AM signal is used. It can be heard in the transmission of certain radio time signal stations. Vestigial sideband is used for over the air Television Broadcasts both analog and digital. Narrow-band frequency" ]

[ "MFSK", "Olivia" ]

[ "Title: Geography of Nigeria Content: south atlantic ocean, locally known as the south western wind, or by its main name, The Tropical Maritime (MT) airmass. These two major wind systems in Nigeria are known as the trade winds. The tropical maritime airmass (MT) is responsible for Nigeria's rainy season. This wind (the tropical maritime airmass) invades the country from February in the southern part of Nigeria while it takes longer for the wind to fully cover the whole of the country, reaching the northern part of Nigeria in June. Its invasion is as a result of the northward retreat, of the tropical continental airmass (CT)", "Title: Oron people Content: Civil War. Oron is found in the flood plain of South Eastern Nigeria, with the land mainly intersected by numerous streams and tributaries flowing into Cross River. The entire coastline stretches from Uya Oron to Udung Uko. Oron is in the tropical region and has a uniformly high temperature all the year round. The two main seasons are the dry which spans between October and April and wet season which starts around May and ends in September. There are also two prevailing winds – the South-West onshore winds which brings heavy rains and the North- East trade winds blowing across", "Title: Onikwu Content: The dry season is accompanied by a dust laden airmass from the Sahara Desert, locally known as Harmattan, or by its main name, The Tropical Continental (CT) airmass, while the rainy season is heavily influenced by an airmass originating from the south Atlantic Ocean, locally known as the south west wind, or by its main name, The Tropical Maritime (MT) airmass. These two major wind systems in Nigeria are known as the trade winds. The region Onikwu/Ndoni is flood prone communities, this is because the inland part of Rivers state consists of tropical rainforest; towards the coast the typical Niger", "Title: Geography of Nigeria Content: northern end is south of the 15 degrees line at about 14 degrees. Nigeria's location in the wetter part of the easterly waves south of the 15 degree line creates wetter climatic conditions for Nigeria especially during the monsoons. The Tropical Continental Airmass (CT) locally known as the harmattan, is a wind originating from North Africa which crosses the Sahara Desert into west Africa to Nigeria. This airmass dominates Nigeria's climate during the dry season from December to March. The Tropical continental airmass is dusty and creates a haze within the atmosphere of west Africa and Nigeria when it predominates.", "Title: Geography of Nigeria Content: Nigeria, has a temperature range of to , and an annual rainfall of about with a single rainfall maxima in September. The single Dry season experienced in this climate, the tropical savanna climate in central Nigeria beginning from December to march, is hot and dry with the Harmattan wind, a continental tropical (CT) airmass laden with dust from the Sahara Desert prevailing throughout this period. With the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) swinging northward over West Africa from the Southern Hemisphere in April, heavy showers coming from pre-monsoonal convective clouds mainly in the form of squall lines also known as the", "Title: Geography of Nigeria Content: north easterlies formed mainly as a result of the interactions of the two dominant airmasses in Nigeria known as the Maritime tropical(south westerlies) and the Continental tropical(north easterlies), begins in central Nigeria while the Monsoons from the south atlantic ocean arrives in central Nigeria in July bringing with it high humidity, heavy cloud cover and heavy rainfall which can be daily occurrence lasting till September when the monsoons gradually begin retreating southward to the southern part of Nigeria.Rainfall totals in central Nigeria varies from in the lowlands of the river Niger Benue trough to over along the south western escarpment", "Title: Geography of Nigeria Content: are distinguishable, as one moves from the southern part of Nigeria to the northern part of Nigeria through Nigeria's middle belt. The tropical monsoon climate, designated by the Köppen climate classification as \"Am\", is found in the southern part of the country. This climate is influenced by the monsoons originating from the South Atlantic ocean, which is brought into the country by the (maritime tropical) MT airmass, a warm moist sea to land seasonal wind. Its warmth and high humidity gives it a strong tendency to ascend and produce copious rainfall, which is a result of the condensation of water", "Title: Ebenebe Content: are followed by five months of dry weather from November to March. The Harmattan, also known as Ugulu in the Igbo language, is a particularly dry and dusty wind which enters Nigeria in late December or in the early part of January. It is characterized by a grey haze that limits visibility and blocks the sun's rays. The temperature in Ebenebe is generally between 28 and 32 degrees Celsius from June through December. It rises to 32–34 degrees between January and April, with the last few months of the dry season marked by intense heat. Like every other agrarian community,", "Title: Inyi, Nigeria Content: and temperatures may even drop below the 18 °C, coming back to an average 32 °C during the day with occasional peaks above the 36 °C during the day. The hot harmattan winds evaporate body moisture quickly and give a sensation of coolness to the skin. It is these Sahara winds that carry large amounts of dust to the state, leaving a thick fog in the morning and a hazy sky for the rest of the day behind. However, the rain season falls between May and October with the heaviest rains in June and July during this season, the rain", "Title: Ebenebe Content: governor Samson Omeruah. Ebenebe is bordered by Amansea to the south, Odoli River and Mgbakwu to the west, Ugbenu to the north, and (Agbaja) Ezi-agu Local Government Area of Enugu State to the east. Ebenebe contains eight villages: Ebenebe is in the tropical zone of Nigeria and experiences two distinct seasons. Two wind patterns that have a major effect on the area are the southwestern monsoon winds from the Atlantic Ocean, and the northeastern dry winds from the Sahara desert. The monsoon winds from the Atlantic create seven months of heavy tropical rains, which occur between April and October. They" ]

[ "till September" ]

[ "Title: Health (gaming) Content: Health (gaming) Health or vitality is an attribute assigned to entities such as characters or objects within role-playing games and video games, that indicates their continued ability to function. Health is usually measured in hit points or health points, shortened to HP which lowers by set amounts when the entity is attacked or injured. When the HP of a player character or non-player character reaches zero, that character is incapacitated and barred from taking further action. In some games, such as those with cooperative multiplayer and party based role playing games, it may be possible for an ally to revive", "Title: HP Sauce Content: used as a condiment with hot and cold savoury food, and as an ingredient in soups and stews. It is also popular in Canada, the Republic of Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. The picture on the front of the bottle is a selection of famous London landmarks including Big Ben, the House of Commons and Westminster Bridge. The original recipe for HP Sauce was invented and developed by Frederick Gibson Garton, a grocer from Nottingham. He registered the name H.P. Sauce in 1895. Garton called the sauce HP because he had heard that a restaurant in the Houses of Parliament", "Title: HP Sauce Content: HP Sauce HP Sauce is a brown sauce originally produced by HP Foods in the United Kingdom, now produced by the H. J. Heinz Company in the Netherlands. It was named after London's Houses of Parliament. Since its first appearance on British dinner tables, HP Sauce has become an icon of British culture. It was the best-selling brand of brown sauce in the UK in 2005, with 73.8% of the retail market. HP Sauce has a tomato base, blended with malt vinegar and spirit vinegar, sugars (molasses, glucose-fructose syrup, sugar), dates, cornflour, rye flour, salt, spices and tamarind. It is", "Title: HP Inc. Content: retains Hewlett-Packard's pre-2015 stock price history and its former stock ticker symbol, , while Hewlett Packard Enterprise trades under its own symbol, . HP is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the S&P 500 Index. It is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales, having regained its position in 2017 since it was overtaken by Lenovo in 2013. HP ranked No. 58 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. HP develops personal computers (PCs), printers and related supplies, as well as 3D Printing solutions.", "Title: HP Sauce Content: had begun serving it. For many years the bottle labels have carried a picture of the Houses of Parliament. Garton sold the recipe and HP brand to Edwin Samson Moore for the sum of £150 and the settlement of some unpaid bills. Moore, the founder of the Midlands Vinegar Company (the forerunner of HP Foods), subsequently launched HP Sauce in 1903. In 2013, nearly 140 years after its establishment, the Midland Vinegar Company Limited returned to the originator's family, with Nigel Britton, great-great-grandson of the founders, now being the owner. For many years the description on the label was in", "Title: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Content: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company (commonly referred to as HPE) is an American multinational enterprise information technology company based in Palo Alto, California, founded on 1 November 2015 as part of splitting of the Hewlett-Packard company. HPE is a business-focused organization with two divisions: Enterprise Group, which works in servers, storage, networking, consulting and support, and Financial Services. The split was structured so that the former Hewlett-Packard Company would change its name to HP Inc. and spin off Hewlett Packard Enterprise as a newly created company. HP Inc. retained the old HP's personal computer and printing business, as", "Title: Hewlett-Packard Content: Hewlett-Packard The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP, and stylized as hp) or Hewlett-Packard ( ) was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California. It developed and provided a wide variety of hardware components as well as software and related services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by Bill Hewlett and David Packard, and initially produced a line of electronic test equipment. HP was the world's leading PC manufacturer from 2007", "Title: HP Sauce Content: York, Ontario. HP Sauce HP Sauce is a brown sauce originally produced by HP Foods in the United Kingdom, now produced by the H. J. Heinz Company in the Netherlands. It was named after London's Houses of Parliament. Since its first appearance on British dinner tables, HP Sauce has become an icon of British culture. It was the best-selling brand of brown sauce in the UK in 2005, with 73.8% of the retail market. HP Sauce has a tomato base, blended with malt vinegar and spirit vinegar, sugars (molasses, glucose-fructose syrup, sugar), dates, cornflour, rye flour, salt, spices and tamarind.", "Title: Maternal fetal stress transfer Content: Cortisol is type of hormone called a glucocorticoid, which glucose usage in the body and tends to be activated during a fight-or-flight response. Cortisol is produced in the adrenal gland, whose activity is mediated by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands of the brain. Together, the collective signaling of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland is known as the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. During a period of psychosocial stress, cortisol is released, leading to physiological manifestations of stress such as increased maternal blood pressure (MBP) and maternal heart rate (MHR). In the case of a pregnant woman, the release of cortisol", "Title: Fire Emblem (video game) Content: vary from defeating all enemies to capturing strongholds or rescuing NPCs. When engaging a unit, the scene transitions into a battle between the player and enemy unit, with battle animation playing out. When hit with an attack, a character loses health points (HP). For player characters, HP can be restored with items or by units with healing magic; it can also be regained by standing on forts, gates or castles, or using a special spell that replenishes health based on damage dealt to an enemy. Each unit is governed by a character class system, with their class affecting what weapons" ]

[ "hit points or health points" ]

[ "Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights Content: committee included René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon, and P. C. Chang of the Republic of China. Humphrey provided the initial draft that became the working text of the Commission. According to Allan Carlson, the Declaration's pro-family phrases were the result of the Christian Democratic movement's influence on Cassin and Malik. Once the Committee finished its work in May 1948, the draft was further discussed by the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council, the Third Committee of the General Assembly before being put to vote in December 1948. During these discussions many amendments and propositions", "Title: John Peters Humphrey Content: John Peters Humphrey John Peters Humphrey, OC (April 30, 1905 – March 14, 1995) was a Canadian legal scholar, jurist, and human rights advocate. He is most famous as the author of the first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humphrey was born to Frank Humphrey and Nellie Peter on April 30, 1905, in Hampton, New Brunswick. His childhood was touched by tragedy as he lost both his parents to cancer and he also lost one of his arms in an accident while playing with fire. Humphrey attended a boarding school where he endured teasing from other students;", "Title: Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Content: Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted from early 1947 to late 1948 by Drafting Committee the first United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Further discussion and amendments were made by the Commission on Human Rights, the Economic and Social Council and the General Assembly of the United Nations. Members of the Commission who contributed significantly to the creation of the Declaration included Canadian John Peters Humphrey of the United Nations Secretariat, Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States (who chaired the Drafting Committee), René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon,", "Title: Universal Declaration of Human Rights Content: International Bill of Rights. The Commission established a special Universal Declaration of Human Rights Drafting Committee, chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, to write the articles of the Declaration. The Committee met in two sessions over the course of two years. Canadian John Peters Humphrey, Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat, was called upon by the United Nations Secretary-General to work on the project and became the Declaration's principal drafter. At the time, Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat. Other well-known members of the drafting", "Title: John Peters Humphrey Content: of the bench, which sits beside two tall stone plinths, one of which has several articles from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights carved into it in English, French and Maliseet. The memorial sits on the front lawn of the County Court House in the center of the town. John Peters Humphrey John Peters Humphrey, OC (April 30, 1905 – March 14, 1995) was a Canadian legal scholar, jurist, and human rights advocate. He is most famous as the author of the first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Humphrey was born to Frank Humphrey and Nellie Peter", "Title: History of human rights Content: 6th century BC under Cyrus the Great. After his conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, the king issued the Cyrus cylinder, discovered in 1879 and seen by some today as the first human rights document. The cylinder has been linked by some commentators to the decrees of Cyrus recorded in the Books of Chronicles, Nehemiah, and Ezra, which state that Cyrus allowed (at least some of) the Jews to return to their homeland from their Babylonian Captivity. In opposition to the above viewpoint, the interpretation of the Cylinder as a \"charter of human rights\" has been dismissed by other historians", "Title: Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Content: P. C. Chang of Republic of China (Taiwan), and Hansa Mehta of India among others. While not a member of the drafting committee, the French philosopher Jacques Maritain was influential in the lead up to the drafting of the Universal Declaration, advocacy for it within UNESCO in 1947-8, and in its subsequent advancement. The Drafting Committee included John Peters Humphrey was newly appointed as Director of the Division of Human Rights within the United Nations Secretariat. In this role, he produced the first draft of a list of rights that were to form the basis of the Declaration. The underlying", "Title: Human rights Content: to 232 BCE, established the largest empire in South Asia. Following the reportedly destructive Kalinga War, Ashoka adopted Buddhism and abandoned an expansionist policy in favor of humanitarian reforms. The Edicts of Ashoka were erected throughout his empire, containing the 'Law of Piety'. These laws prohibited slavery, religious discrimination, and cruelty against both humans and animals. Later documents pertaining to human rights can be referenced in the Constitution of Medina (622), Al-Risalah al-Huquq (late 7th to early 8th century), Magna Carta (1215), the German Peasants' War Twelve Articles (1525), the English Bill of Rights (1689), the French Declaration of the", "Title: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Content: the law. It is included in the beginning of the constitutions of both the Fourth French Republic (1946) and Fifth Republic (1958) and is still current. Inspired by the Enlightenment philosophers, the Declaration was a core statement of the values of the French Revolution and had a major impact on the development of freedom and democracy in Europe and worldwide. The Declaration, together with Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Bill of Rights, inspired in large part the 1948 United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The content of", "Title: Declaration of the Rights of the Child Content: Child Welfare Charter, and was the first human rights document approved by an inter-governmental institution. It was reaffirmed by the League in 1934. Heads of State and Government pledged to incorporate its principles in domestic legislation. In France, it was ordered to be displayed in every school. The original document, in the archives of the city of Geneva, carries the signatures of various international delegates, including Jebb, Janusz Korczak, and Gustave Ador, a former President of the Swiss Confederation. After considering a number of options, including that of drafting an entirely new declaration, the United Nations resolved in 1946 to" ]

[ "Cyrus" ]

[ "Title: Reading F.C. Content: 2016–17 season. Cherwell Software took sponsorship of the back of the home shirt for the 2017–18 season while Euro Cake sponsored the back of the away shirt again for the third consecutive season. Reading Football Club ownership structure: 75% Owned by Renhe Sports Management Ltd, 100% owned by Xiu Li Dai and Yongge Dai. 25% Owned by Narin Niruttinanon Reading F.C. Directors: Xiu Li Dai, Yongge Dai, Narin Niruttinanon, Nigel Howe As of 1 July 2018, the following players are those in the senior squad who are under 18. <br> Reading hold the record for the number of successive league", "Title: Reading F.C. Content: Reading F.C. Reading Football Club ( ) is a professional association football club based in Reading, Berkshire, England. The team play in the Championship, the second tier of English football. Reading are nicknamed The Royals, due to Reading's location in the Royal County of Berkshire, though they were previously known as The Biscuitmen, due to the town's association with Huntley and Palmers. Established in 1871, the club is one of the oldest teams in England, but did not join The Football League until 1920, and had never played in the top tier of English football league system before the 2006–07", "Title: Anton Zingarevich Content: Anton Zingarevich Anton Zingarevich (Russian: Антон Зингаревич) is a Russian businessman best known for being the former owner of Reading Football Club, who play in the English Championship. Zingarevich's bid to take over the club was announced in January 2012, and he formally purchased the club on 29 May 2012. Since then, Zingarevich has had minimum interest in the running of the club, however did make the decision to sack manager Brian McDermott, and the subsequent employment of Nigel Adkins. Zingarevich is the son of Boris Zingarevich, a Russian multi-billionaire. At the age of 16, Zingarevich began education at Bearwood", "Title: Anton Zingarevich Content: The couple married in late 2009 and had a child. Anton Zingarevich Anton Zingarevich (Russian: Антон Зингаревич) is a Russian businessman best known for being the former owner of Reading Football Club, who play in the English Championship. Zingarevich's bid to take over the club was announced in January 2012, and he formally purchased the club on 29 May 2012. Since then, Zingarevich has had minimum interest in the running of the club, however did make the decision to sack manager Brian McDermott, and the subsequent employment of Nigel Adkins. Zingarevich is the son of Boris Zingarevich, a Russian multi-billionaire.", "Title: Reading F.C. Content: they won promotion to the FA Women's Super League 1 in 2015 after winning the league. In the 2017–18 season, they finished fourth in the Women's Super League - their highest league position to date. The team currently plays at Adams Park, home of Wycombe Wanderers. Reading F.C. Reading Football Club ( ) is a professional association football club based in Reading, Berkshire, England. The team play in the Championship, the second tier of English football. Reading are nicknamed The Royals, due to Reading's location in the Royal County of Berkshire, though they were previously known as The Biscuitmen, due", "Title: Ownership of Arsenal F.C. Content: 1980s to David Dein, who sold some of them on to Danny Fiszman (a London diamond dealer). In the early 2000s the club sold a 9.9% stake to Granada Holdings Ltd, a subsidiary of ITV plc, and a significant stake was also bought by hedge fund Lansdowne Partners. As of 26 September 2018, Stan Kroenke, owner of Kroenke Sports Enterprises (KSE), is the sole owner of the club. Kroenke's holdings in the club began with an initial 9.9% bought from ITV plc in April 2007; initially treated with hostility, he is now regarded as an ally of the Arsenal board", "Title: Dai Yongge Content: Dai Yongge Dai Yongge (; born 1968) is a Chinese businessman and investor. He is currently the Executive Chairman of Renhe Commercial Holdings Company Limited, a listed investment holding company who specialise in the operation of shopping centres transformed from air-raid shelters. They have centres in 30 cities across China, including Harbin, Guangzhou, Wuhan and Shenyang. Dai also owns football clubs Beijing Renhe, KSV Roeselare and Reading. In 2012, Dai's company completed the takeover of Shaanxi Baorong Chanba. One year later, they relocated the club to Guizhou and re-branded them Guizhou Renhe. After two years in Guizhou, the club moved", "Title: 2017–18 Reading F.C. season Content: draw. In the following days, it was announced that the match would take place on 8 August. For the second year in a row, Reading accepted the invitation to enter their Category One academy into the EFL Trophy. On 4 July 2017, manager Jaap Stam signed a new two-year contract with Reading, keeping him at the club until 2019. The club's assistant manager, Andries Ulderink, and first team coach, Said Bakkati, also signed new deals to extend their stay. Chief Executive Nigel Howe was elected to the EFL Board on the same day. The following day, defender Chris Gunter committed", "Title: Reading Royals Content: shutouts. In 2014, Jack Gulati purchased all shares of the ownership of the Royals from SMG and BCCCA. In June 2014, the Philadelphia Flyers announced a two-year affiliation agreement with the Royals, giving the Flyers an entirely Pennsylvania based minor league system for the first time since 1997–98. The Flyers and Royals agreed to a multi-year affiliation extension in 2016. During his eighth full season as head coach, Courville announced he would be stepping down at the end of the 2016–17 season. However, one day after qualifying for the 2017 playoffs, he was fired by the Royals and replaced by", "Title: Don Garber Content: range from Atlanta United FC owner Arthur Blank, the founder of Home Depot; NYCFC ownership groups City Football Group (which also owns Manchester City of the Premier League) and the New York Yankees; Brazilian businessman Flavio Augusto da Silver, who owns Orlando City SC; entrepreneurs Merritt Paulson (Portland Timbers), Andrew Hauptmann (Chicago Fire) and Anthony Precourt (Columbus Crew); and Seattle Sounders owners Adrian Hanauer, Joe Roth, Paul Allen, and Drew Carey. Among the owners of Los Angeles FC, which began play in 2018, are majority owners Larry Berg, Brandon Beck and Bennett Rosenthal, Magic Johnson, movie studio CEO Peter Gruber," ]

[ "Yongge Dai", "Xiu Li Dai", "Dai Yongge", "Dai Xiuli" ]

[ "Title: Scandal (season 7) Content: Scandal (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American television drama series \"Scandal\" was ordered on February 10, 2017 by ABC. It was later announced that the seventh season would be the final season for \"Scandal\". The season began airing on October 5, 2017, and consisted of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda", "Title: Scandal (TV series) Content: in a blind emergency trust and uses that money to reinstate B613 herself. Olivia becomes Command at the end of the season and considers herself the most powerful person in the world. On February 10, 2017, ABC renewed \"Scandal\" for a seventh season; on May 10, 2017, it was announced that this season would be the show's last. On January 3, 2018, a crossover with \"How to Get Away with Murder\" was announced, which aired on March 1, 2018, with Viola Davis and Aja Naomi King guest starring. In early 2011, it was announced that Shonda Rhimes was developing a", "Title: Scandal (season 7) Content: nights at 9:00 pm until episode 15, where it aired in its original timeslot, Thursday 10:00 pm. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> \"Scandal\" was renewed for a seventh season on February 10, 2017, along with the other ShondaLand dramas. The series continued to air on Thursdays in its 9 p.m. E.T. timeslot like the previous seasons, but unlike the previous season which aired in January, the seventh season premiered in the fall of 2017. ABC announced on June 26, 2017, that the seventh season would consist of 18 episodes. Long-time director Tom Verica shared on Twitter that he would only direct the series finale", "Title: Watch Me (Scandal) Content: by Jann Turner and written by \"Scandal\" creator and showrunner Shonda Rhimes. ABC renewed the series for a seventh and final season on February 10, 2017. The season began airing on October 5, 2017, with this episode, and will consist of 18 episodes, adding the total episode count of the show to 124 episodes. Cast member George Newbern was upgraded to a series regular after being a recurring cast member for the past six seasons and made his first appearance as a regular actor in this episode, portraying former B613 assassin Charlie. The table read for the episode started on", "Title: Scandal (TV series) Content: America, ZFB-TV in Bermuda, Miami's WPLG in the Bahamas (via cable from the United States mainland), and on TVB Pearl in Hong Kong. The first two-season originally aired on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom. In 2014 the show was picked up by rival broadcaster Sky Living who will continue from season three onwards. In New Zealand it first aired on TV One but now airs on TV2. It airs in South Africa on multiple television channels; first run episodes are aired on DStv premium channel M-net which airs the latest episode a day after its US airing followed by", "Title: Scandal (TV series) Content: October 3. BET airs new episodes after an eight-day delay. Seasons 1–5 of the series have been released on DVD by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment under the ABC Studios label. Additionally, Netflix currently streams all available seasons in the U.S, Canada and Mexico. The show is available via traditional by-episode and season purchase by most online video retailers, including iTunes. Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Seasons 6 and 7 The show has been met with generally favorable reviews, with a collective score of 64/100 based on 28 critics from Metacritic. Based on advanced screeners", "Title: Scandal (TV series) Content: the sixth season was reduced from 22 to 16 episodes. During ABC's annual upfront presentation in May, it was announced that \"Scandal\" will premiere during midseason, following a fall run of the new series \"Notorious\". Production began on July 13, 2016, with director and executive producer Tom Verica announcing that the crew was scouting for filming locations. The table read for the premiere was on July 26, 2016, with filming starting soon after. On February 10, 2017, ABC announced that the series had been renewed for a seventh season. On May 10, 2017, ABC announced that the seventh season would", "Title: Scandal (season 6) Content: Scandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"Scandal\" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode of this season. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with ShondaLand Production Company; the showrunner being Shonda Rhimes. The season continues the story of Olivia Pope's crisis management firm, Olivia Pope & Associates, and its employees, as well as staff at the White House in Washington, D.C. Season six had", "Title: Scandal (season 6) Content: character was killed off in the eleventh episode. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 80% approval rating with an average rating of 7.5/10 based on 10 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"As shocking and thrilling as ever, \"Scandal\" eases into its sixth season with as much confidence as Olivia Pope herself.\" Scandal (season 6) The sixth season of the American television drama series \"Scandal\" was ordered on March 3, 2016 by ABC. It began airing on January 26, 2017 in the United States on ABC. The season includes the 100th episode of the series, being the tenth episode", "Title: Scandal (TV series) Content: was announced on October 30, 2014, where it was announced that \"Scandal\" would air nine episodes in the fall with the fall finale to air on November 20, 2014, just like the rest of ABC's primetime lineup \"TGIT\" \"Grey's Anatomy\" and \"How To Get Away with Murder\". The remaining 13 episodes aired after the winter break, beginning on January 29, 2015, and ending with the season finale on May 14, 2015. \"Scandal\" was renewed for a fifth season on May 7, 2015, by ABC. The series will continue to air at Thursdays in the timeslot 9:00 p.m. E.T. like the" ]

[ "February 1 , 2018", "February one , 2018" ]

[ "Title: Super Bowl LII Content: Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: the Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record", "Title: Super Bowl XXXIX Content: Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of", "Title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles Content: first time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many", "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots", "Title: 2017 NFL season Content: 2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,", "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl", "Title: Super Bowl Sunday (This Is Us) Content: the end of the second season and asked for the slot upon knowing NBC would air the Super Bowl. The fire sequence was filmed in December 2017 in Newhall Ranch, California. The episode was edited moments before airing to integrate footage of the Super Bowl LII, including the pregame show and the actual game featuring the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots. \"Super Bowl Sunday\" was originally broadcast on Sunday, February 4, 2018, in the United States on NBC. The episode was watched in the United States by a total of 26.97 million people. It is the most-watched entertainment", "Title: New England Patriots Content: Bowl LI, which ended up paving the way for their fifth Super Bowl victory, tying them with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for the second-most in NFL history, 1 behind the Pittsburgh Steelers with 6; the game was also the first Super Bowl to go into overtime. The Patriots became the first team to reach ten Super Bowls in the 2017–18 playoffs but lost to the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl LII, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Patriots original helmet logo was a simple tricorne hat, used only for the", "Title: Curse of Billy Penn Content: placed a new William Penn figurine atop the building's highest beam in hopes to ward off the curse. On February 4, 2018, the Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII 41-33 to win their first Super Bowl in team history, and first championship since the 1960 NFL Championship. Curse of Billy Penn The Curse of Billy Penn was a curse used to explain the failure of major professional sports teams based in Philadelphia to win championships since the March 1987 construction of the One Liberty Place skyscraper, which exceeded the height of William Penn's statue atop" ]

[ "2017", "Super Bowl LII ," ]

[ "Title: Violet Alva Content: Violet Alva Violet Hari Alva (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, and member of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha. Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in Ahmedabad. She was the eighth of nine children. Violet's father, Reverend Laxman Hari, was one of the first Indian pastors of the Church of England. Having lost both her parents when she was", "Title: Rukmini Devi Arundale Content: Rukmini Devi Arundale Rukmini Devi Neelakanda Sastri (29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal rights and welfare. She also is the first ever woman in Indian history to be nominated as the Rajya Sabha member. She is considered the most important revivalist in the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style, prevalent amongst the temple dancers, Devadasis, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts. Though she belonged to the Indian upper-caste", "Title: Rukmini Devi Arundale Content: for International Women's Day. Rukmini Devi Arundale Rukmini Devi Neelakanda Sastri (29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal rights and welfare. She also is the first ever woman in Indian history to be nominated as the Rajya Sabha member. She is considered the most important revivalist in the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam from its original 'sadhir' style, prevalent amongst the temple dancers, Devadasis, she also worked for the re-establishment of traditional Indian arts and crafts. Though she belonged", "Title: Violet Alva Content: and Violet Alva, the first Parliamentarian couple in history, was unveiled in Parliament. In 2008, the year of Violet's birth centenary, a stamp commemorating the couple was issued by the government of India. Violet Alva Violet Hari Alva (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, and member of the Indian National Congress (INC). She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the Rajya Sabha. Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in", "Title: Shyam Kumari Khan Content: Shyam Kumari Khan Shyam Kumari Khan (née Nehru, 20 October 1904 – 9 June 1980) was an Indian lawyer, freedom fighter, politician and social worker. She was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 1963 to 1968. Khan studied at Allahabad University and was the first woman to become secretary, vice-president and president of the Allahabad University Union in the years 1924-28. A lawyer by profession, she defended Yashpal, a writer, freedom fighter and political prisoner, during his trial in 1932 when he was imprisoned for his attempts to overthrow the British Empire. In 1932, she joined the Khilafat Movement", "Title: Violet Alva Content: naval sector. She cautioned the government to be careful when dealing with foreign capital and supported linguistic states. After the second Indian General Election in 1957, she became Deputy Minister of State for Home Affairs. In 1962, Alva became the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, thereby becoming the first female to preside over the Rajya Sabha in its history. She served two consecutive terms in Rajya Sabha. Her first term commenced on 19 April 1962 and continued till 2 April 1966. Her second term began with her election to the office of Deputy Chairman on 7 April 1966 and", "Title: V. S. Ramadevi Content: V. S. Ramadevi V. S. Ramadevi (15 January 1934 – 17 April 2013) M.A, L.L.M, was the Chief Election Commissioner of India from 26 November 1990 to 11 December 1990. She was the first woman to become Chief Election Commissioner of India. She was succeeded by T. N. Seshan. Ramadevi was the first (and to date, only) woman to serve as Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha, from 1 July 1993 to 25 September 1997. Ramadevi was born in Chebrolu of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India on 15 January 1934 (which happens to be the date of the Sankranti", "Title: Rukmini Devi Arundale Content: started in India, when Dr George Arundale invited Dr Maria Montessori to start courses in the 'Besant Theosophical High School' in 1939, and later also established, the 'Besant Arundale Senior Secondary School', The College of Fine Arts, The Besant Theosophical High School, The Maria Montessori School for Children, The Craft Education and Research Centre and the U V Swaminatha Iyer Library, within the Kalakshetra campus. Rukmini Devi was nominated as a member of the Indian Parliament's Council of States (the Rajya Sabha) in April 1952 and re-nominated in 1956. She was the first Indian woman to be nominated in Rajya", "Title: Mayawati Content: Party and Mayawati tendered her resignation to the governor of Uttar Pradesh the next day, thereby becoming the first CM to complete full five years in office. On 13 March 2012 she filed nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha, and she was declared elected unopposed on 22 March. Mayawati started her political career after Kanshi Ram, the founder of Bahujan Samaj Party, persuaded her to join the civil service and politics. Mayawati chose to remain unmarried. Kanshi Ram praised Mayawati at her 47th birthday celebrations for her fundraising activities on behalf of the party. He stated that the party's eventual", "Title: Shyam Kumari Khan Content: Children's Fair in Delhi which was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 17 October 1969. She was also a founding member of the Indian Humanist Union, of which she became an elected chairman after the death of Narsingh Narain in 1972. She was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 11 December 1963 to 2 April 1968. Born on 20 October 1904, she was the eldest child of Shamlal Nehru and Uma Nehru. Her father Shamlal was the first cousin of India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. She married Abdul Jamil Khan on 7 December 1937 under" ]

[ "Mary Kom" ]

[ "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: tablet devices, from Acer, BlackBerry 10, Dell, HTC, Lenovo, Logitech, LG, Motorola, Samsung, Sharp, SoftBank, Sony (and Sony Ericsson), and Toshiba. As of 2012, Adobe has stopped browser-based Flash Player development for mobile browsers in favor of HTML5, however Adobe continues to support Flash content on mobile devices with the Adobe Integrated Runtime, which allows developers to publish content that runs as native applications on certain supported mobile phone platforms. Version 9 was the most recent version available for the Linux/ARM-based Nokia 770/N800/N810 Internet tablets running Maemo OS2008, classic Mac OS and Windows 95/NT. Version 10 can be run under", "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: for Windows XP and later, Mac OS X 10.6 and later and Linux. Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors: On February 22, 2012, Adobe announced that it would no longer release new versions of NPAPI Flash plugins for Linux, although Flash Player 11.2 would continue to receive security updates. In August 2016 Adobe announced that, beginning with version 24, it will resume offering of Flash Player for Linux for other browsers. The Extended Support Release (ESR) of Flash Player on macOS and Windows was a version of Flash Player kept up to date with security updates, but none", "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: of the new features or bug fixes available in later versions. It has been on version 11.7 as of July 9, 2013, version 13 as of May 13, 2014, and version 18 as of August 11, 2015. Adobe has decided to discontinue the ESR branch and instead focus solely on the standard release as of August 2016. In 2011, Flash Player had emerged as the de facto standard for online video publishing on the desktop, with adaptive bitrate video streaming, DRM, and fullscreen support. On mobile devices however, after Apple refused to allow the Flash Player within the inbuilt iOS", "Title: Adobe Flash Content: in early 2016. Adobe Flash has been deprecated. The latest version of Adobe Flash Player is available for three major desktop platforms, including Windows, macOS and Linux. On Linux the PPAPI plug-in is available; the NPAPI version wasn't updated to new major versions for a while until Adobe changed its mind on stopping support and its former plan to discontinue \"in 2017\". Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors: The \"ActiveX\" version is an ActiveX control for use in Internet Explorer and any other Windows applications that supports ActiveX technology. The \"Plug-in\" versions are available for browsers supporting either", "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: Adobe Flash Player Adobe Flash Player (labeled Shockwave Flash in Internet Explorer and Firefox) is computer software for using content created on the Adobe Flash platform, including viewing multimedia contents, executing rich Internet applications, and streaming audio and video. Flash Player can run from a web browser as a browser plug-in or on supported mobile devices. Flash Player was created by Macromedia and has been developed and distributed by Adobe Systems since Adobe acquired Macromedia in 2005. Flash Player is distributed as freeware or, in China, as adware. Flash Player runs SWF files that can be created by Adobe Flash", "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: web browser, Adobe changed strategy, enabling Flash content to be delivered as native mobile applications using the Adobe Integrated Runtime. Up until 2012, Flash Player 11 was available for the Android (ARM Cortex-A8 and above), although in June 2012, Google announced that Android 4.1 (codenamed Jelly Bean) would not support Flash by default. Starting in August 2012, Adobe no longer updates Flash for Android. In spite of this, Adobe Flash is still available to install on Android devices via Adobe's update archives (up to Android 4.3). Flash Player is certified to be supported on a select range of mobile and", "Title: Adobe Flash Content: NPAPI or PPAPI plug-ins on Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux. The \"projector\" version is a standalone player that can open SWF files directly. The following table documents Flash Player and Adobe AIR support on desktop operating systems: The latest version of Adobe AIR, version 18, contains Adobe Flash Player 18, and is available for Windows XP and later, as well as macOS. Official support for desktop Linux distributions ceased in June 2011 with version 2.6. Adobe Flash Player was available for a variety of mobile operating systems, including Android (between versions 2.2 and 4.0.4), Pocket PC/Windows CE, QNX (e.g. on", "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: Professional, Adobe Flash Builder or by third party tools such as FlashDevelop. Flash Player supports vector graphics, 3D graphics, embedded audio, video and raster graphics, and a scripting language called ActionScript. ActionScript is based on ECMAScript (similar to JavaScript) and supports object-oriented code. Flash Player is distributed free of charge and its plug-in versions are available for every major web browser and operating system. Google Chrome, Internet Explorer 11 in Windows 8 and later, and Microsoft Edge come bundled with a sandboxed Adobe Flash plug-in. Flash Player once had a large user base, and was a common format for web", "Title: Adobe Flash Player Content: Player in China, forcing users to use that specific version, which may pose a risk to its users due to China's Internet censorship. This affects Google Chrome and Firefox users, as well as Internet Explorer users using Windows 7, as Microsoft still directly distributes Flash Player for Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge through Windows Update in Windows 8 and upward. Adobe Flash Player Adobe Flash Player (labeled Shockwave Flash in Internet Explorer and Firefox) is computer software for using content created on the Adobe Flash platform, including viewing multimedia contents, executing rich Internet applications, and streaming audio and video. Flash", "Title: Adobe AIR Content: released to beta on October 30, 2013, code named Jones. Adobe applied a new numbering scheme for the Flash products versions to synchronize them with the version numbering of the Flash Player, starting from Flash Player 13. Adobe released Adobe AIR 13.0 on April 8, 2014. It was numbered 13 to synchronize itself with the version numbering of Flash Player. Adobe released Adobe AIR 14.0 on June 10, 2014. Adobe released Adobe AIR 15.0 on September 9, 2014. It includes improvements to Stage3D technology, AIR Gamepad enhancements, and a new packaging engine for iOS apps that reduces compile times from" ]

[ "28.zero. 0.137", "28.0. 0.137", "28.0. zero.137", "28.zero. zero.137" ]

[ "Title: History of ballet Content: disinformation and fantasy. The East was often perceived as a faraway place where anything was possible, provided it was lavish, exotic and decadent. Petipa appealed to popular taste with \"The Pharaoh's Daughter\" (1862), and later \"The Talisman\" (1889), and \"La Bayadère\" (1877). Petipa is best remembered for his collaborations with Tchaikovsky. He used his music for his choreography of \"The Nutcracker\" (1892, though this is open to some debate among historians), \"The Sleeping Beauty\" (1890), and the definitive revival of \"Swan Lake\" (1895, with Lev Ivanov). These works were all drawn from European folklore. The female dancers' classical tutu as", "Title: Swan Lake Content: Reisinger of the requirements for each dance. However, unlike the instructions for the scores of \"The Sleeping Beauty\" and \"The Nutcracker\", no written instruction is known to have survived. From around the time of the turn of the 19th century until the beginning of the 1890s, scores for ballets were almost always written by composers known as \"specialists,\" who were highly skilled at scoring the light, decorative, melodious, and rhythmically clear music that was at that time in vogue for ballet. Tchaikovsky studied the music of \"specialists\" such as the Italian Cesare Pugni and the Austrian Ludwig Minkus, before setting", "Title: Russian classical music Content: Russia's first Conservatories in St Petersburg and in Moscow: the former trained the great Russian composer Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–93), best known for ballets like \"Swan Lake\", \"Sleeping Beauty\", and \"The Nutcracker\". He remains Russia's best-known composer outside Russia. Easily the most famous successor in his style is Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943), who studied at the Moscow Conservatory (where Tchaikovsky himself taught). Alexander Glazunov also took this romantic style. The late 19th and early 20th century saw the third wave of Russian classics: Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915), Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) and Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–1975). They were experimental in style", "Title: Simon Virsaladze Content: 1973), Nutcracker (1966), Spartacus (1968), Swan Lake (1969), Ivan the Terrible (1975), Angara (1976), Romeo and Juliet (1979), The Golden Age (1982), and Raymonda (1984). He also designed Sergeyev's \"Raymonda\" (Kirov, 1948), \"Swan Lake\" (Kirov, 1950), and \"The Sleeping Beauty\" (Kirov, 1952) and Vainonen's \"The Nutcracker\" (Kirov, 1954). American reviewers, writing of touring Soviet productions, praised Mr. Virsaladze's designs for their grand scale, tastefulness, sensitivity to period and style and for often furthering the action of the ballet. Simon Virsaladze Simon (Soliko) Virsaladze () (Tbilisi, 24 January 1909 – Tbilisi, 9 February 1989) was a Georgian and one of the", "Title: The Royal Ballet Content: the repertory of the Imperial Russian Ballet. To stage these ballets with her newly formed company, de Valois employed Nicholas Sergeyev, a former régisseur of the Imperial. He staged productions of Petipa's \"The Sleeping Beauty\"; Petipa and Ivanov's \"Swan Lake\" and \"The Nutcracker\"; Petipa and Cecchetti's production of \"Coppélia\"; and Petipa's \"Giselle\". Created with the aid of choreographic notation written in St Petersburg at the turn of the 20th century, these works have been included in the repertoire of the Royal Ballet ever since. The company now uses Peter Wright's 1984 production of \"The Nutcracker\", which uses some of Sergeyev's", "Title: Antal Doráti Content: of Tchaikovsky's ballets - \"Swan Lake\", \"The Sleeping Beauty\" and \"The Nutcracker\" - complete. The albums were recorded in mono in 1954 and 1955, for Mercury Records, with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (later renamed the Minnesota Orchestra), as part of their famous \"Living Presence\" series. All three ballets were at first issued separately, but were later re-issued in a 6-LP set. Dorati never re-recorded \"Swan Lake\", but he did make a stereo recording of \"The Sleeping Beauty\" (again complete) with the Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam for Philips Classics Records, and two complete recordings in stereo of \"The Nutcracker\", one with", "Title: American Midwest Ballet Content: \"Swan Lake\" (2016), Oskar Antunez' \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (2011, 2018), Mikail Folkine's \"The Dying Swan\" (2012, 2014), the \"Pas de trois des Odalisques\" and \"Medora\" variation from Joseph Mazilier's \"Le Corsaire\" (2014, 2017), \"Paquita\" (2015), \"Blue Bird and Princess Florine\" pas de deux from \"The Sleeping Beauty\" (2017), \"Giselle\" (2015), and George Balanchine's \"Valse-Fantaisie\". American Midwest Ballet American Midwest Ballet, formerly Ballet Nebraska, is a professional ballet company located in Omaha, Nebraska. The company's season typically consists of three mainstage productions including an annual mixed-repertory production entitled \"Momentum\", \"The Nutcracker\", and a full-length story ballet. The company also tours", "Title: Music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Content: are also far more striking than their counterparts in \"Swan Lake\", as several of them are character pieces from fairy tales such as Puss in Boots and Little Red Riding Hood, which elicited a far more individualized type of invention from the composer. Likewise, the musical ideas in these sections are more striking, pointed and precise. This characterful musical invention, combined with a structural fluency, a keen feeling for atmosphere and a well-structured plot, makes \"The Sleeping Beauty\" perhaps Tchaikovsky's most consistently successful ballet. \"The Nutcracker\", on the other hand, is one of Tchaikovsky's best known works. While it has", "Title: Nevada Ballet Theatre Content: Nevada Ballet Theatre Nevada Ballet Theatre (NBT) is a regional ballet company located in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States. It is the Resident Ballet Company of The Smith Center for the Performing Arts and is one of the largest performing arts organizations in the state. Its professional company of dancers possesses a versatile repertoire ranging from well-known story ballets such as \"The Nutcracker\", \"The Sleeping Beauty\", and \"Swan Lake\" to works by George Balanchine, Twyla Tharp, Val Caniparoli, James Canfield, Thaddeus Davis and many more. The organization also operates an Academy out of its main facility in Summerlin, as well", "Title: Peter Martins Content: his salary was $619,000, and in 2008 he received $699,000 in pay and benefits. Martins regularly choreographed new works for both companies. His first piece was \"Calcium Light Night\", set to music by Charles Ives, which premiered in 1977. His more recent pieces include \"Octet\", \"Friandises\", Stabat Mater and the full-length ballets \"The Sleeping Beauty\", \"Swan Lake\", and \"Romeo \"+\" Juliet\". He also choreographed the Barbie movies \"Barbie in the Nutcracker\" and \"Barbie of Swan Lake\". In 2000, Martins, along with talent scout Irene Diamond, founded the New York Choreographic Institute. In December 2017, an investigation was announced by New" ]

[ "Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky" ]

[ "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: manga. He said the reception to \"Kai\" was positive and Bandai had a hit with a card game, so it all worked out. The series initially concluded with the finale of the Cell arc, as opposed to including the Majin Buu arc. It was originally planned to run 98 episodes, however, due to the Tōhoku offshore earthquake and tsunami, the final episode of \"Dragon Ball Kai\" was not aired and the series ended on its 97th episode in Japan on March 27, 2011. The 98th episode was later released direct-to-video in Japan on August 2, 2011. In November 2012, Mayumi", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: It premiered in Japan on Fuji Television on April 26, 1989, taking over its predecessor's time slot, and ran for 291 episodes until its conclusion on January 31, 1996. Because Toriyama was writing the manga during the production of the anime, \"Dragon Ball Z\" added original material not adapted from the manga, including lengthening scenes or adding new ones, and adding new attacks and characters not present in the manga. For example, Toriyama was asked to create an additional character for Goku's training with King Kai, resulting in the cricket Gregory. Throughout the production, the voice actors were tasked with", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: previously used a similar Vancouver-based voice cast in their short-lived 1995 dub of \"Dragon Ball\"). Saban musicians Ron Wasserman and Jeremy Sweet, known for their work on the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, composed a new background score and theme song (nicknamed \"Rock the Dragon\"). Funimation's initial English dub of \"Dragon Ball Z\" had mandated cuts to content and length, which reduced the first 67 episodes into 53. It premiered in the United States on September 13, 1996 in first-run syndication, but halted production in 1998 after two seasons. This was due to Saban scaling down its syndication operations, in order to", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: with both the American and Japanese background music. In January 2011, Funimation and Toei announced that they would stream \"Dragon Ball Z\" within 30 minutes before their simulcast of \"One Piece\". As of 2017, \"Dragon Ball Z\" is no longer being streamed on Hulu. The Funimation dubbed episodes also aired in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Australia and New Zealand. However, beginning with episode 108 (123 uncut), AB Groupe and Westwood Media (in association with Ocean Studios) produced an alternate English dub. The alternate dub was created for broadcast in the UK, the Netherlands and Ireland, although", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: ending the first anime and creating a new one would result in more promotional money, and the result was the start of \"Dragon Ball Z\". The title was suggested by Toriyama because Z is the last letter of the alphabet and he wanted to finish the series because he was running out of ideas for it (though ironically enough, the sequel series would end up lasting much longer in episode count than the first series). \"Dragon Ball Z\" is adapted from the final 325 chapters of the manga series which were published in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" from 1988 to 1995.", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: which made giving finer nuanced details in her performance difficult. Series Director Daisuke Nishio left the series after personally directing Episode #202. Nishio left the series to become series director of \"Aoki Densetsu Shoot!\". The role of series director was not officially filled for Episodes #200-291, despite Nishio's directing of Episode #202. In 1996, Funimation Productions licensed \"Dragon Ball Z\" for an English-language release in North America. They contracted Saban Entertainment to help distribute the series to television, and Pioneer Entertainment to handle home video distribution. The Vancouver-based Ocean Studios were hired by Funimation to dub the anime (Funimation had", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: 2016, Funimation announced the continuation of \"Kai\" to begin airing on Adult Swim's Toonami block; airing from January 7, 2017 to June 23, 2018. \"Dragon Ball Z\"s original North American release was the subject of heavy editing which resulted in a large amount of removed content and alterations that greatly changed the original work. Funimation CEO Gen Fukunaga is often criticized for his role in the editing; but it was the distributor Saban which required such changes or they would not air the work, as was the case with the episode dealing with orphans. These changes included altering every aspect", "Title: Dragon Ball Z Content: The opening theme, \"Dragon Soul\", and the first ending theme used for the first 54 episodes, \"Yeah! Break! Care! Break!\", are both performed by Takayoshi Tanimoto. The second ending theme, used from episodes 55–98, is performed by Team Dragon, a unit of the idol girl group AKB48. On March 9, 2011, Toei announced that due to Yamamoto's score infringing on the rights of an unknown third party or parties, the music for remaining episodes and reruns of previous episodes would be replaced. Later reports from Toei stated that with the exception of the series' opening and closing songs, as well", "Title: Dragon Ball Content: original manga and aired on February 24, 1993. In February 2009, \"Dragon Ball Z\" celebrated its 20th anniversary, with Toei Animation announcing that it would broadcast a re-edited and remastered version under the name . The footage would be re-edited to follow the manga more closely, eliminating scenes and episodes which were not featured in the original manga, resulting in a more faithful adaptation, as well as in a faster-moving, and more focused story. The episodes were remastered for HDTV, with rerecording of the vocal tracks by most of the original cast, and featuring updated opening and ending sequences. On", "Title: Dragon Ball Content: which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered. Along his journey, Goku makes several friends and battles a wide variety of villains, many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls. Toriyama's manga was adapted and divided into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dragon Ball Z\", which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996. Additionally, the studio has developed 19 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as two anime sequel series titled \"Dragon Ball GT\" (1996–1997) and \"Dragon Ball Super\" (2015–2018). From 2009 to 2015, a revised version of \"Dragon Ball Z\"" ]

[ "291 episodes", "291" ]

[ "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Content: in season 13's episode \"\". In response to these departures, two new main actors were hired, and several changes were made to the recurring cast. In June 2011, it was announced that Kelli Giddish and Danny Pino would join the cast as new series regulars. Weeks later, it was announced that Stephanie March and Diane Neal would be reprising their roles as ADA Alexandra Cabot and ADA Casey Novak, respectively. The launch of season 13 was marked with a retooling of the show that Warren Leight referred to as \"SVU 2.0\". Changes that accompanied this included Tamara Tunie's being bumped", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Content: The show starred Christopher Meloni as Detective Elliot Stabler and Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson for its first twelve seasons until the former left the cast, unable to come to an agreement on his contract. As of November 29, 2018, \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" has aired 444 original episodes. On May 9, 2018, NBC renewed the series for a twentieth season, which allowed it to tie the flagship \"Law & Order\" and \"Gunsmoke\" for the longest-running scripted drama in U.S. television history. The season premiered on September 27, 2018. The idea for \"Law & Order: Special Victims", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Content: Shapovalova. Casting for the lead characters of \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\" occurred in the spring of 1999. Dick Wolf, along with officials from NBC and Studios USA were at the final auditions for the two leads at Rockefeller Center. The last round had been narrowed down to seven finalists. For the female lead, Detective Olivia Benson, actresses Samantha Mathis, Reiko Aylesworth, and Mariska Hargitay were being considered. For the male role, Detective Elliot Stabler, the finalists were Tim Matheson, John Slattery, Nick Chinlund, and Christopher Meloni. Hargitay and Meloni had auditioned in the final round together and, after", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Content: in 2005, Marcia Gay Harden and Leslie Caron in 2007, Cynthia Nixon in 2008, Ellen Burstyn, Brenda Blethyn, and Carol Burnett in 2009, and Ann-Margret in 2010. The series won the award for Plummer in 2005, Caron in 2007, Nixon in 2008, Burstyn in 2009, and Margret in 2010. \"Law and Order SVU\" airs on NBC in the United States. All seasons, including the season that is currently on the air, are available to stream on Hulu (with a subscription). The latest 5 episodes can be watched for free on NBC.com and the NBC app. Outside of SVOD and NBC", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Content: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (often abbreviated to Law & Order: SVU or just SVU) is an American police procedural, legal, crime drama television series set in New York City, where it is also primarily produced. In the style of the original \"Law & Order\", episodes are often \"ripped from the headlines\" or loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention. Created by Dick Wolf, the series premiered on NBC on September 20, 1999, as the second series in Wolf's successful \"Law & Order\" franchise. \"Law & Order: Special Victims Unit\"", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20) Content: a recurring role this season, as Dr. Lisa Abernathy, a clinical psychologist that consults on cases for the district attorney's office. Holt previously guest starred in the seventeenth season. On September 27, 2018, \"Entertainment Weekly\" reported that Sebastian Roché would guest star as Arlo Beck, the charismatic leader of a female empowerment group, in the episode \"Accredo\", which aired October 18, 2018. Roché previously made two guest appearances on the flagship series, \"Law & Order\". Sasha Alexander guest starred as Anna Mill, a woman who murdered her husband and two children in the November 1st episode \"Caretaker.\" <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Law", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14) Content: came back in \"Rhodium Nights\" to portray , returned for the season premiere episodes, along with guest stars Peter Jacobson (Bart Ganzel), Pippa Black (Carrissa Gibson), Ron Rifkin (Defense Attorney Marvin Exley), Brooke Smith (Delia Wilson), and Laura Benanti as . On January 4, 2013, Warren Leight tweeted the Cassidy character (Dean Winters) may appear again in the spring. Paget Brewster guest starred as Paula Foster, the Bureau Chief ADA of the Public Integrity Unit in the District Attorney's office. Her character is assigned to the case against Captain Cragen (Dann Florek), who is suspected of murder after what occurred", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 19) Content: Waterston's fourth guest appearance on \"SVU\". In the episode \"Pathological\", Tamara Tunie (M.E. Melinda Warner), Carolyn McCormick (Dr. Elizabeth Olivet), and Jenna Stern (Judge Elana Barth) returned as their respective characters. The episode aired on January 10, 2018. McCormick also guest starred in the season finale. On December 14, 2017, Martin Donovan and Yasmine Al Massri were confirmed to guest star in an episode titled \"Flight Risk\" based on the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations. The episode was about sexual assault in the airline industry and aired on January 17, 2018. On January 31, 2018, Rhea Seehorn guest starred in", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13) Content: season premiere episode as an Italian dignitary accused of rape, evoking the Dominique Strauss-Kahn arrest. played the Italian dignitary's \"stand-by-your-man\" wife, Ron Rifkin played his savvy defense lawyer, similar to Strauss-Kahn's real-life lawyer, Benjamin Brafman, and Broadway and Dreamgirls star Anika Noni Rose played the victim. NBA stars Carmelo Anthony (New York Knicks) and Chris Bosh (Miami Heat) played themselves in cameo guest appearances in the episode \"Personal Fouls\". Mehcad Brooks played Prince Miller, a fictional basketball superstar who was once one of the coach's prodigies. Rapper/actor Heavy D played Miller's cousin and business manager, Supreme. Anthony and Bosh appeared", "Title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 20) Content: (Kelli Giddish). Rollins mentions him cheating on her with a prostitute in the previous season. Days later it was reported that Dylan Walsh would play John Conway, an abusive father who rapes his own son, in the season premiere. Walsh previously guest starred in the eighth season of the series. Mark Tallman portrays Gavin Riley, the new chief of detectives, in a recurring role. Carl Weathers reprised his role as his \"Chicago Justice\" character, State's Attorney Mark Jefferies, in the episode \"Zero Tolerance\". On August 16, 2018, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" announced that \"Homeland\" actress Sandrine Holt would be cast in" ]

[ "Kelli Giddish", "Dann Florek", "Adam Beach", "Michaela McManus", "Mariska Hargitay", "Christopher Meloni", "Tamara Tunie", "B.D. Wong", "Raúl Esparza", "Stephanie March", "Richard Belzer", "Diane Neal", "Peter Scanavino", "Michelle Hurd", "Danny Pino", "Ice - T" ]

[ "Title: New Earswick Content: architect Barry Parker were commissioned to produce an overall plan for a new 'garden' village and the detailed designs for its first houses. They also designed the garden cities of Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City. The building of New Earswick created a balanced village community where rents were kept low, but still represented a modest commercial return on the capital invested. Houses were open to any working people, not just Rowntree employees. The village was to be a demonstration of good practice. The Trust Deed of the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust, which was set up in 1904 to build and", "Title: New Earswick Content: founded by the York philanthropist, Joseph Rowntree, who was quoted as saying, \"I do not want to establish communities bearing the stamp of charity but rather of rightly ordered and self governing communities\". The first 28 houses were built between 1902 and 1904 by the architect Raymond Unwin, after which the Joseph Rowntree Village Trust (now the Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust) was established to continue building and manage the new village. The Joseph Rowntree Housing Trust is part of the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. The village had contemporaries such as Bournville, Saltaire, Port Sunlight and others. This was in sharp contrast", "Title: New Earswick Content: New Earswick New Earswick is a model village and civil parish in the unitary authority of City of York in North Yorkshire, England, near the River Foss, north of York and south of Haxby. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,812, reducing to 2,737 at the 2011 Census. Before 1996 it had been part of the Ryedale district. The village of New Earswick was built as a genuine mixed community. There was housing for both workers and managers, in a green setting with gardens for each home with its own 2 fruit trees. It was", "Title: Raymond Unwin Content: and when he married his star designer Clarice Cliff in 1940, she moved into the house and lived there until 1972. It is her association that has made the house particularly famous since. In 1902 Parker and Unwin were asked to design a model village at New Earswick near York for Joseph and Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, and the following year they were given the opportunity to take part in the creation of Letchworth (loosely based on the Utopian plan of Ebenezer Howard), when the First Garden City Company asked them to submit a plan. In 1903 they were involved with", "Title: OLIN Content: OLIN OLIN, which is legally known as OLIN Partnership Limited, is an international landscape architecture, comprehensive planning and urban design firm founded in Philadelphia in 1976 by Laurie Olin and Robert Hanna. OLIN’s staff is composed of landscape architects, architects, project managers, and urban planners. The firm is led by twelve partners: Laurie Olin, Lucinda Sanders, Dennis McGlade, Susan Weiler, Robert Bedell, Hallie Boyce, Richard Newton, Skip Graffam, Chris Hanley, Steve Benz, Tiffany Beamer and Richard Roark. OLIN is most recognized for designs such as Bryant Park in New York City, the Washington Monument Grounds in Washington, DC, the J.", "Title: Edward Durell Stone Content: Edward Durell Stone Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was a twentieth century American architect. An early proponent of modern architecture in the United States, he designed buildings throughout the world. Stone’s notable works include Radio City Music Hall and the Museum of Modern Art, both in New York City, the United States Embassy in New Delhi, India, and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Stone was born and raised in Fayetteville, Arkansas. His family, early settlers of the area, were prosperous merchants. He entered the University of Arkansas in", "Title: Thomas Geoffry Lucas Content: Thomas Geoffry Lucas Thomas Geoffry Lucas (6 June 1872 – 3 October 1947), generally known as Geoffry Lucas, but often found incorrectly spelt as Geoffrey Lucas, was a 20th-century English architect. He is perhaps best known for his work in connection with the garden city movement, but was also active in other areas, including the design of churches and church fittings. Lucas was born in 1872 and articled to Walter John Nash Millard of Hitchin, Hertfordshire from 1889. After academic and professional training between 1889 and 1891 he held a number of posts as an assistant in various offices before", "Title: Edward Durell Stone Content: was published by Norton in 2013. Bibliography Two views on 2 Columbus Circle Edward Durell Stone Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was a twentieth century American architect. An early proponent of modern architecture in the United States, he designed buildings throughout the world. Stone’s notable works include Radio City Music Hall and the Museum of Modern Art, both in New York City, the United States Embassy in New Delhi, India, and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Stone was born and raised in Fayetteville, Arkansas. His family, early settlers", "Title: New Earswick Content: manage New Earswick, safeguarded generous open green space. All the grass verges were planted with trees after which almost all the roads are named. The village was built with bricks that were made in the brickworks on the outskirts of New Earswick. From 1950 the brickyard, which closed down in the 1930s, was developed into a nature reserve. Due to their religious beliefs, The Rowntree family decreed there would not be a public house in the village. There never has been, although the Sports Club obtained a drink's licence in the 1980s. New Earswick is part of the Huntington &", "Title: New Earswick Content: New Earswick Ward of the City of York Council. As of 2010 it is represented by Keith Hyman, Keith Orrel and Carol Runciman who are all members of the local Liberal Democrat Party. A Parish Council was created in 1934 consisting of ten elected councillors and a clerk. There is a local community centre, the Folk Hall, which hosts activities such as keep-fit, yoga, snooker, and a junior youth club. New Earswick has recreational facilities, including a swimming pool (due for closure without public consultation), tennis courts and football, rugby and cricket pitches at the New Earswick Sports and Social" ]

[ "architect Barry Parker", "Raymond Unwin", "planner Raymond Unwin" ]

[ "Title: Eye development Content: Eye development Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week. Cells from both the mesodermal and the ectodermal tissues contribute to the formation of the eye. Specifically, the eye is derived from the neuroepithelium, surface ectoderm, and the extracellular mesenchyme which consists of both the neural crest and mesoderm. Neuroepithelium forms the retina, ciliary body, iris, and optic nerves. Surface ectoderm forms the lens, corneal epithelium and eyelid. The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera, the corneal endothelium and stroma, blood vessels, muscles, and vitreous. The eye begins to", "Title: Evolution of the eye Content: skulls for blood vessels and nerves to go through. All this adds to the growing amount of evidence that supports Darwin's theory. The first fossils of eyes found to date are from the lower Cambrian period (about ). The lower Cambrian had a burst of apparently rapid evolution, called the \"Cambrian explosion\". One of the many hypotheses for \"causes\" of the Cambrian explosion is the \"Light Switch\" theory of Andrew Parker: It holds that the evolution of eyes started an arms race that accelerated evolution. Before the Cambrian explosion, animals may have sensed light, but did not use it for", "Title: Eye development Content: There is some evidence that LMX1B plays a role in periocular mesenchymal survival. Eye development Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week. Cells from both the mesodermal and the ectodermal tissues contribute to the formation of the eye. Specifically, the eye is derived from the neuroepithelium, surface ectoderm, and the extracellular mesenchyme which consists of both the neural crest and mesoderm. Neuroepithelium forms the retina, ciliary body, iris, and optic nerves. Surface ectoderm forms the lens, corneal epithelium and eyelid. The extracellular mesenchyme forms the sclera, the", "Title: Eye development Content: develop as a pair of optic vesicles on each side of the forebrain at the end of the 4th week of pregnancy. Optic vesicles are outgrowings of the brain which make contact with the surface ectoderm and this contact induces changes necessary for further development of the eye. Through a groove at the bottom of the optic vesicle known as choroid fissure the blood vessels enter the eye. Several layers such as the neural tube, neural crest, surface ectoderm, and mesoderm contribute to the development of the eye. Eye development is initiated by the master control gene Pax-6, a homeobox", "Title: Evolution of the eye Content: Evolution of the eye Many researchers have found the evolution of the eye attractive to study, because the eye distinctively exemplifies an analogous organ found in many animal forms. Simple light detection is found in bacteria, single-celled organisms, plants and animals. Complex, image-forming eyes have evolved independently several times. Complex eyes appeared first within the few million years of the Cambrian explosion. From before the Cambrian, no evidence of eyes has survived, but diverse eyes are known from the Burgess shale of the Middle Cambrian, and from the slightly older Emu Bay Shale. Eyes are adapted to the various requirements", "Title: Evolution of the eye Content: originally have served a different purpose, before they were co-opted for eye development. Eyes and other sensory organs probably evolved before the brain: There is no need for an information-processing organ (brain) before there is information to process. The earliest predecessors of the eye were photoreceptor proteins that sense light, found even in unicellular organisms, called \"eyespots\". Eyespots can only sense ambient brightness: they can distinguish light from dark, sufficient for photoperiodism and daily synchronization of circadian rhythms. They are insufficient for vision, as they cannot distinguish shapes or determine the direction light is coming from. Eyespots are found in", "Title: Eye development Content: body and iris. During the invagination of the optic cup, the ectoderm begins to thicken and form the lens placode, which eventually separates from the ectoderm to form the lens vesicle at the open end of the optic cup. Further differentiation and mechanical rearrangement of cells in and around the optic cup gives rise to the fully developed eye. This development is an example of sequential inductions where the organ is formed from three different tissues: First, there is an outpocketing of the neural tube called optic vesicles. Development of the optic vesicles starts in the 3-week embryo, from a", "Title: Evolution of the eye Content: any other mechanism\" to \"a moderately high stage of perfection\", and gave examples of existing intermediate steps. Current research is investigating the genetic mechanisms underlying eye development and evolution. Biologist D.E. Nilsson has independently theorized about four general stages in the evolution of a vertebrate eye from a patch of photoreceptors. Nilsson and S. Pelger estimated in a classic paper that only a few hundred thousand generations are needed to evolve a complex eye in vertebrates. Another researcher, G.C. Young, has used the fossil record to infer evolutionary conclusions, based on the structure of eye orbits and openings in fossilized", "Title: Evolution of the eye Content: fast locomotion or navigation by vision. The rate of eye evolution is difficult to estimate, because the fossil record, particularly of the lower Cambrian, is poor. How fast a circular patch of photoreceptor cells evolve into a fully functional vertebrate eye has been estimated based on rates of mutation, relative advantage to the organism, and natural selection. However, the time needed for each state was consistently overestimated and the generation time was set to one year, which is common in small animals. Even with these pessimistic values, the vertebrate eye would still evolve from a patch of photoreceptor cells in", "Title: Evolution of the eye Content: focal length of an early lobopod with lens-containing simple eyes focused the image \"behind\" the retina, so while no part of the image could be brought into focus, the intensity of light allowed the organism to see in deeper (and therefore darker) waters. A subsequent increase of the lens's refractive index probably resulted in an in-focus image being formed. The development of the lens in camera-type eyes probably followed a different trajectory. The transparent cells over a pinhole eye's aperture split into two layers, with liquid in between. The liquid originally served as a circulatory fluid for oxygen, nutrients, wastes," ]

[ "photoreceptor proteins that sense light", "eyespots" ]

[ "Title: The Curse of Oak Island Content: Inc. approved $1,271,546 in film funding for the production of the 4th season. In October 2017, a fifth season was announced, which began airing on November 7, 2017. Season 6 began airing November 13, 2018. The Curse of Oak Island The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure. \"The Curse of Oak Island\" follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through", "Title: The Curse of Oak Island Content: The Curse of Oak Island The Curse of Oak Island is an active reality television series that first premiered in Canada on the History network on January 5, 2014. The show features what is known as the Oak Island mystery, showing efforts to search for historical artifacts and treasure. \"The Curse of Oak Island\" follows brothers Marty and Rick Lagina, originally from Kingsford, Michigan, through their efforts to find the speculated treasure or historical artifacts believed to be on Oak Island. The series discusses the history of the island, recent discoveries, theories, and prior attempts to investigate the site. Areas", "Title: Oak Island Content: Island\", a documentary series about a group of modern treasure hunters led and funded by two brothers, Rick and Marty Lagina, who purchased the majority of Oak Island in 2006. Oak Island Oak Island is a privately owned island in Lunenburg County on the south shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. The tree-covered island is one of about 360 small islands in Mahone Bay and rises to a maximum of above sea level. The island is located from shore and connected to the mainland by a causeway and gate. The island is best known for various theories about possible buried treasure", "Title: The Curse of Oak Island Content: of interest include the \"Money Pit\", Borehole 10-x, Smith's Cove, \"Nolan's Cross\", the \"Hatch\", the \"Watchtower\" and the \"Swamp\". The Lagina brothers became fascinated with the island after reading the January 1965 issue of \"Reader's Digest\" magazine that features an article on the Restall family's work to investigate the so-called \"Money Pit\". Marty and his brother Rick obtained a controlling interest in Oak Island Tours, which reportedly owns most of the island. The brothers were later approached by Prometheus Entertainment to do a reality show. Rick and Marty have engaged the assistance of father-and-son Dan and Dave Blankenship, permanent residents", "Title: Randall Sullivan Content: the documentary \"Reckless Indifference\", and he was an executive producer on the Oprah Winfrey Network mini-series, \"Miracle Detectives\". Sullivan is also an actor on the History Channel reality-TV show, \"The Curse of Oak Island\", where he plays himself. He is currently executive producing the upcoming film, \"City of Lies\" starring Johnny Depp and Forest Whitaker. Sullivan lives in Portland, Oregon. For most of his life Sullivan identified as an atheist, but in 1995 he underwent a spiritual conversion to Catholicism while he was in Medjugorje reporting on the Bosnian War. This experience was influential to his research and writing of", "Title: Oak Island Content: known as the Money Pit, a formation of boulders called Nolan's Cross, the beach at Smith's Cove, and a triangle-shaped swamp. The Money Pit area has been repeatedly excavated; critics argue that there is no treasure and that the Money Pit is a natural phenomenon. More than fifty books have been published recounting the island's history and exploring competing theories. Several works of fiction have been based upon the Money Pit, including \"The Money Pit Mystery\", \"Riptide\", \"The Hand of Robin Squires\", and \"Betrayed: The Legend of Oak Island\". In January 2014, the History Channel aired \"The Curse of Oak", "Title: Kevin Burns Content: Valkyrie Legacy\", his second co-production with Bryan Singer; and \"\" in 2009. Since 2010, Burns and his company Prometheus Entertainment have produced The History Channel TV series \"Ancient Aliens\", \"America's Book of Secrets\", and \"The Curse of Oak Island\" along with the reality TV series \"Kendra on Top\" for WEtv, and other non-fiction series and specials. Along with his business partner Jon Jashni, Burns played an integral part in the development and creation of the \"Lost in Space\" reboot for Netflix and will serve as executive producer on the show, slated for release in 2018. Primetime Emmy Awards Daytime Emmy", "Title: Oak Island Content: Oak Island Oak Island is a privately owned island in Lunenburg County on the south shore of Nova Scotia, Canada. The tree-covered island is one of about 360 small islands in Mahone Bay and rises to a maximum of above sea level. The island is located from shore and connected to the mainland by a causeway and gate. The island is best known for various theories about possible buried treasure or historical artifacts, and the associated exploration. The first major indigenous people to Nova Scotia were the Mi'kmaq, who formed an Indian nation in present day Canada several thousand years", "Title: Mahone Bay Content: area and created \"Rockbound\" as a fictionalized, exaggerated account of life on the islands. Mahone Bay contains Oak Island, well known in connection with tales of buried treasure. The 2006 independent movie 'A Stone's Throw' was filmed primarily in and around Mahone Bay. Mahone Bay Mahone Bay is a bay on the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada along the eastern end of Lunenburg County. The bay has many islands, and is a popular sailing area. Since 2003 the Mahone Islands Conservation Association has been working to protect the natural environment of the bay. The bay and its islands contain", "Title: The Curse of Oak Island Content: of the island who have likewise been searching for treasure since the 1960s. The series explores various Oak Island theories and conjectures through conversations with independent researchers. Persons featured have included Zena Halpern discussing her theory about North African gold and sharing copies of a French map of the island which she claims is dated 1347; J. Hutton Pulitzer discussing his theory of ancient mariner visitations; Petter Amundsen discussing his theory about codes hidden in Shakespearean literature and a secret project involving Sir Francis Bacon and the Rosicrucians; Daniel Ronnstam discussing his theory about the 90 foot stone being a" ]

[ "Oak Island" ]

[ "Title: Gallbladder Content: Gallbladder In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species. It receives and stores bile, produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct and releases it via the common bile duct into the duodenum, where the bile helps in the digestion of fats. The gallbladder can be affected by gallstones, formed by material that cannot be dissolved – usually cholesterol or bilirubin,", "Title: Liver Content: Liver The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones. The liver is an accessory digestive gland that produces bile, an alkaline compound which helps the breakdown of fat. Bile aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver, stores bile produced by", "Title: Gallbladder Content: is shaped like a pear, with its tip opening into the cystic duct. The gallbladder is divided into three sections: the \"fundus\", \"body\", and \"neck\". The \"fundus\" is the rounded base, angled so that it faces the abdominal wall. The \"body\" lies in a depression in the surface of the lower liver. The \"neck\" tapers and is continuous with the cystic duct, part of the biliary tree. The gallbladder fossa, against which the fundus and body of the gallbladder lie, is found beneath the junction of hepatic segments IVB and V. The cystic duct unites with the common hepatic duct", "Title: Liver Content: insulin/Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Liver The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion. In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones. The liver is an accessory digestive gland that produces bile, an alkaline compound which helps the breakdown of fat. Bile aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver,", "Title: Gallbladder Content: surgeons Phillipe Mouret and Francois Dubois are often credited for their operations in 1987 and 1988 respectively. Gallbladder In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. In humans, the pear-shaped gallbladder lies beneath the liver, although the structure and position of the gallbladder can vary significantly among animal species. It receives and stores bile, produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct and releases it via the common bile duct into the duodenum, where the bile helps in the digestion of fats. The gallbladder", "Title: Gallbladder Content: a product of haemoglobin breakdown. These may cause significant pain, particularly in the upper-right corner of the abdomen, and are often treated with removal of the gallbladder called a cholecystectomy. Cholecystitis, inflammation of the gallbladder, has a wide range of causes, including result from the impaction of gallstones, infection, and autoimmune disease. The gallbladder is a hollow organ that sits in a shallow depression below the right lobe of the liver, that is grey-blue in life. In adults, the gallbladder measures approximately in length and in diameter when fully distended. The gallbladder has a capacity of about . The gallbladder", "Title: Urinary bladder Content: Urinary bladder The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination. In the human the bladder is a hollow muscular, and distensible (or elastic) organ, that sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. The typical human bladder will hold between 300 and (10.14 and ) before the urge to empty occurs, but can hold considerably more. In humans, the bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated at the base of the pelvis. Urine", "Title: Abdominal cavity Content: Abdominal cavity The abdominal cavity is a large body cavity in humans and many other animals that contains many organs. It is a part of the abdominopelvic cavity. It is located below the thoracic cavity, and above the pelvic cavity. Its dome-shaped roof is the thoracic diaphragm, a thin sheet of muscle under the lungs, and its floor is the pelvic inlet, opening into the pelvis. Organs of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, large intestine, and adrenal glands. The abdominal cavity is lined with a protective membrane termed the peritoneum. The inside", "Title: Gallbladder Content: portions form the basis for the adult gastrointestinal tract. Sections of this foregut begin to differentiate into the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. During the fourth week of embryological development, the stomach rotates. The stomach, originally lying in the midline of the embryo, rotates so that its body is on the left. This rotation also affects the part of the gastrointestinal tube immediately below the stomach, which will go on to become the duodenum. By the end of the fourth week, the developing duodenum begins to spout a small outpouching on its right", "Title: Human digestive system Content: the bile ducts and into the gall bladder for storage. The bile is released in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) a peptide hormone released from the duodenum. The production of CCK (by endocrine cells of the duodenum) is stimulated by the presence of fat in the duodenum. It is divided into three sections, a fundus, body and neck. The neck tapers and connects to the biliary tract via the cystic duct, which then joins the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. At this junction is a mucosal fold called \"Hartmann's pouch\", where gallstones commonly get stuck. The muscular" ]

[ "beneath the liver" ]

[ "Title: Director of the United States Mint Content: of 1873 specified a five-year term for directors. The director operates with general directions provided by the United States Secretary of the Treasury. Director of the United States Mint The Director of the United States Mint is a presidential appointment needing Senate confirmation. David J. Ryder became director in April 2018. He previously served as director from 1992 to 1993. When the position of director is vacant, the senior career (non-political) official of the mint serves as the acting director/deputy director. Until the appointment of Mr. Ryder as director, the mint had been without an official director since the resignation", "Title: Director of the United States Mint Content: Director of the United States Mint The Director of the United States Mint is a presidential appointment needing Senate confirmation. David J. Ryder became director in April 2018. He previously served as director from 1992 to 1993. When the position of director is vacant, the senior career (non-political) official of the mint serves as the acting director/deputy director. Until the appointment of Mr. Ryder as director, the mint had been without an official director since the resignation of Edmund C. Moy in 2011. Richard A. Peterson succeeded Mr. Moy and was the longest-serving acting director/deputy director in the mint's history.", "Title: David J. Ryder Content: November 1993 via a recess appointment. In 2017, Ryder was again nominated as Director of the United States Mint by President Donald Trump and confirmed by a voice vote on March 21, 2018. David J. Ryder David J. Ryder (born October 14, 1955) is the current Director of the United States Mint. He formerly was in the same position from 1992 to 1993. David J. Ryder was born in Billings, Montana on October 14, 1955. He attended Boise State University. Ryder worked for the United States Department of Commerce as deputy commissioner general of the U.S. Pavilion at the 1984", "Title: Director of the United States Mint Content: Mr. Peterson served between January 2011 and March 2017. In July 2015 Matthew Rhett Jeppson was nominated by President Barack Obama to become the mint's 39th director and was given the temporary title of principal deputy director. However, the nomination was never confirmed by the Senate. Mr. Jeppson stepped down as principal deputy director in January 2017, being replaced by Acting Principal Deputy Director David Motl. The office of director has existed since the creation of the Mint by the Coinage Act of 1792. Initially appointed serving at the pleasure of the President of the United States, the Coinage Act", "Title: Philip N. Diehl Content: Philip N. Diehl Philip Noel Diehl (born June 11, 1951) is the 35th Director of the United States Mint. He is currently president of U.S. Money Reserve, a published analyst of gold markets, chairman of the board of the Standish Foundation for Children, and a member of the boards of the Industry Council for Tangible Assets, the Coalition for Equitable Regulation and Taxation, and the Gold and Silver Political Action Committee. Diehl was born in Dallas, Texas to Will A Diehl, a decorated World War II pilot who flew The Hump, and the former Wandah Marguerite Findley. He is married", "Title: David J. Ryder Content: David J. Ryder David J. Ryder (born October 14, 1955) is the current Director of the United States Mint. He formerly was in the same position from 1992 to 1993. David J. Ryder was born in Billings, Montana on October 14, 1955. He attended Boise State University. Ryder worked for the United States Department of Commerce as deputy commissioner general of the U.S. Pavilion at the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition 1983–84, and then commissioner general 1984–85. From 1985 to 1986, he worked in the Office of the Vice President of the United States as Director of Advance. He was director", "Title: Chief Engraver of the United States Mint Content: Chief Engraver of the United States Mint The Chief Engraver of the United States Mint is the highest staff member at the United States Mint. The Chief Engraver is the person in charge of coin design and engraving of dies at all four United States Mints: Philadelphia, Denver, San Francisco and West Point. The position was created by Congress with the Coinage Act of 1792, and placed within the Department of Treasury that produces circulating coinage for the United States. In 1990 after the resignation of Elizabeth Jones, the post of Chief Engraver was left vacant, and in 1996, with", "Title: United States Mint Content: Mint was made an independent agency in 1799. It converted precious metals into standard coin for anyone's account with no seigniorage charge beyond the refining costs. Under the Coinage Act of 1873, the Mint became part of the Department of the Treasury. It was placed under the auspices of the Treasurer of the United States in 1981. Legal tender coins of today are minted solely for the Treasury's account. The first Director of the United States Mint was renowned scientist David Rittenhouse from 1792 to 1795. The position was held most recently by Edmund C. Moy until his resignation effective", "Title: Edmund C. Moy Content: Mint, Moy became Vice President Corporate Infrastructure for L&L Energy, Inc. As of 2014, he is chief strategist for Fortress Gold Group. Moy also writes occasional articles for Moneynews.com. <br> Edmund C. Moy Edmund C. Moy (born September 12, 1957) is an American businessman and former government official. From 2006 to 2011 he served as the 38th Director of the United States Mint. Born in Detroit, Michigan, on September 12, 1957, Moy was raised in Waukesha, Wisconsin, where he worked in his parents' downtown restaurant while growing up. He is a 1975 graduate of Waukesha North High School and a", "Title: United States Mint Content: January 9, 2011. The position was left vacant until April 2018, until the position was filled by David J. Ryder. Henry Voigt was the first Superintendent and Chief Coiner, and is credited with some of the first U.S. coin designs. Another important position at the Mint is that of Chief Engraver, which has been held by such men as Frank Gasparro, William Barber, Charles E. Barber, James B. Longacre, and Christian Gobrecht. The Mint has operated several branch facilities throughout the United States since the Philadelphia Mint opened in 1792, in a building known as \"Ye Olde Mint\". With the" ]

[ "David Motl", "David J. Ryder" ]

[ "Title: Yaya Touré Content: was fined £54,000 – at the time the largest fine for drink driving in British legal history. Touré was nominated in the Personality of the Year category at the 2014 MTV Africa Music Awards. In July 2014, Touré was nominated for Prize in Entertainment at the 2014 The Future Africa Awards. In December 2015, Touré won the BBC African Footballer of the Year on a public vote for the second time, after leading the Ivory Coast to victory in the 2015 African Cup of Nations. Olympiacos Barcelona Manchester City Ivory Coast Individual Yaya Touré Gnégnéri Yaya Touré (born 13 May", "Title: MTV Africa Music Awards 2014 Content: school girls was also addressed during the ceremony. Ladysmith Black Mambazo received great applause for performing \"Acappello\" and \"Y-tjukutja\". Lupita Nyong'o won the Personality of the Year award; a clip of her acceptance speech was aired during the ceremony. American musicians Miguel, French Montana, and Trey Songz performed their hit songs. Celebrity guests attending the event included Khloé Kardashian, D'Banj, Nomzamo Mbatha, Goldfish, DJ Fresh, John Vlismas, Kajal Bagwandeen, Emmanuel Adebayor, Wema Sepetu, Minnie Dlamini, Sizwe Dhlomo, Dorcas Shola Fapson, DJ C’ndo, Efya and Riaad Moosa. BET International premiered the show on June 12. The show was broadcast internationally in", "Title: 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards Content: award, while Ayo Jay emerged as the Most Promising Act to Watch. In the acting category, Tope Tedela and Funke Akindele emerged Best Actor in a Lead Role and Best Actress in a Lead Role respectively. The Best Gospel Act award went to Frank Edwards. Ghanaian reggae musician. Shatta Wale toppled Sarkodie, Mafikizolo, Mi Casa, Fally Ipupa, Uhuru and R2Bees for the African Artist of the Year award. 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards The 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards took place on 31 August 2014, at the Skirball Center for the Performing Arts in New York City. The eligibility period was from", "Title: African Footballer of the Year Content: African Footballer of the Year The African Footballer of the Year award, presented to the best African footballer each year, has been conferred by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) since 1992. An earlier \"African Footballer of the Year\" Golden Ball award was given out between 1970 and 1994 by \"France Football\" magazine. The changes resulted in parallel Golden Ball awards given out to Abedi Pele and George Weah in 1993 and 1994 by the magazine although the CAF sponsored awards for those years were won respectively by Rashidi Yekini and Emmanuel Amuneke, as well as two awards given to", "Title: BBC African Footballer of the Year Content: The Zambia national football team were posthumous winners of the award in 1994, following the plane crash in the Atlantic Ocean a year previous. The award became centred around football from 2001 onwards, Cameroon's Patrick M'Boma was the last person to win it as a sports award. Nigeria's Nwankwo Kanu and Jay-Jay Okocha, as well as the Ivory Coast's Yaya Touré and Egypt's Mohamed Salah are the only players to win the award more than once, with two wins. BBC African Footballer of the Year The BBC African Footballer of the Year (previously known as the BBC African Sports Star", "Title: Algerian Footballer of the Year Content: Algerian Footballer of the Year The Algerian Footballer of the Year is an annual football award for the best Algerian player presented by El Heddaf-Le Buteur since 2001. The first winner of the award was Olympique de Marseille midfielder Djamel Belmadi. As of 2015, only Karim Ziani, Madjid Bougherra and Riyad Mahrez have won the award on two consecutive occasions . Of the five, only Karim Ziani won his awards playing for two different teams. Saw the award call many of the stars of world football to deliver the prize to the winner they are Paolo Maldini, Franck Ribéry, Fabio", "Title: Fatou Bensouda Content: in Africa in the Civil Society category and one of the 100 most Influential African Personalities. In December 2014, the Togolese magazine \"Africa Top Success\" named her \"African of the Year\", ahead of Isabel dos Santos, Angélique Kidjo, Lupita Nyong'o, Daphne Mashile-Nkosi and Koki Mutungi. In October 2017, Bensouda and two members of her staff were accused by \"Der Spiegel\" of staying in touch with her predecessor, questioning the Prosecutor's own integrity when Bensouda sent confidential information to Ocampo. It was also suggested that Bensouda sought the advice of her predecessor on several occasions and perhaps allowed herself to be", "Title: Ngozi Ebere Content: Footballer of the Year; she suggested that this nomination came as a result of her recent performances. During the course of her first season, she played in eight matches; six in the Division 1 Féminine and two in the Coupe de France Féminine. The 2017–18 season she played in Cyprus at Barcelona FA. She was part of the Nigeria women's national football team squads at the African Women's Championship in 2012 and the winning team of 2014. She was also in the squad at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. Ngozi Ebere Ngozi Ebere (born 5 August 1991) is a", "Title: Riyad Mahrez Content: League at the end of his first season. In the 2015–16 season he was the Algerian Footballer of the Year, the PFA Players' Player of the Year, and was a member of the Premier League PFA Team of the Year as he helped Leicester City win the Premier League. Born in France, Mahrez made his international debut for Algeria in 2014 and represented them at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and both the 2015 and 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. In 2016 he was named CAF's African Footballer of the Year. Mahrez was born in Sarcelles, France, to an Algerian", "Title: Aliko Dangote Content: the purchase he would fire the club's long-standing manager Arsène Wenger. Dangote is married, and lives in Lagos, Nigeria. He has been married four times, and his first three marriages ended in divorce. He has a total of three children from these marriages. Dangote was named as the Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014. The other nominees were South Africa's Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela, Nigerian author, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Director-General of the Securities and Exchange Commission, (SEC), Arunma Oteh, and President of the African Development Bank, Donald Kaberuka. In 2013, Dangote and six other prominent Nigerians were conferred honorary" ]

[ "Yaya Touré" ]

[ "Title: Lithium battery Content: Lithium battery Lithium batteries are primary batteries that have lithium as an anode. These types of batteries are also referred to as lithium-metal batteries. They stand apart from other batteries in their high charge density (long life) and high cost per unit. Depending on the design and chemical compounds used, lithium cells can produce voltages from (comparable to a zinc–carbon or alkaline battery) to about . Disposable primary lithium batteries must be distinguished from secondary lithium-ion, lithium iron phosphate and lithium-polymer, which are rechargeable batteries. Lithium is especially useful, because its ions can be arranged to move between the anode", "Title: Lithium-ion battery Content: Lithium-ion battery A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery (abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging. Li-ion batteries use an intercalated lithium compound as one electrode material, compared to the metallic lithium used in a non-rechargeable lithium battery. Lithium-ion batteries are common rechargeable batteries for portable electronics, with a high energy density, tiny memory effect and low self-discharge. LIBs are also growing in popularity for military, battery electric vehicle and aerospace applications. Chemistry, performance, cost and safety characteristics vary across", "Title: Lithium Content: batteries that use lithium include the lithium-ion polymer battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, and the nanowire battery. The third most common use of lithium is in greases. Lithium hydroxide is a strong base and, when heated with a fat, produces a soap made of lithium stearate. Lithium soap has the ability to thicken oils, and it is used to manufacture all-purpose, high-temperature lubricating greases. Lithium (e.g. as lithium carbonate) is used as an additive to continuous casting mould flux slags where it increases fluidity, a use which accounts for 5% of global lithium use (2011). Lithium compounds are also used", "Title: Lithium battery Content: of thionyl chloride (SOCl), lithium tetrachloroaluminate (), and niobium pentachloride () which act as the catholyte, electrolyte, electron sink, and dendrite preventive during reverse voltage condition, electrolyte, respectively. A porous carbon material serves as a cathode current collector which receives electrons from the external circuit. Lithium-thionyl chloride batteries are well suited to extremely low-current or moderate pulse applications where a service life of up to 40 years is necessary. The liquid organic electrolyte is a solution of an ion-forming inorganic lithium compound in a mixture of a high-permittivity solvent (propylene carbonate) and a low-viscosity solvent (dimethoxyethane). Engineers at the University", "Title: Lithium battery Content: and the cathode, using an intercalated lithium compound as the cathode material but without using lithium metal as the anode material. Pure lithium will instantly react with water, or even moisture in the air; the lithium in lithium ion batteries is in a less reactive compound. Lithium batteries are widely used in portable consumer electronic devices, and in electric vehicles ranging from full sized vehicles to radio controlled toys. The term \"lithium battery\" refers to a family of different lithium-metal chemistries, comprising many types of cathodes and electrolytes but all with metallic lithium as the anode. The battery requires from", "Title: Lithium as an investment Content: increased tendency for costlier components to be targeted for replacement by new technologies. Current projections of the global market for lithium-ion batteries range from $26 billion in 2023 (\"Navigant Research\") to a very optimistic $33 billion in 2019 (\"Transparency Market Research\"). Lithium metal is an extremely soft, highly reactive, and flammable element. It is most frequently found in deposits such as spodumene and pegmatite minerals, with larger resources in the U.S., Canada, Australia, China, Zimbabwe, and Russia. Lithium possesses a unique chemical profile making it the lightest metal in the periodic table and the least dense solid element. Its atomic", "Title: Lithium iron phosphate battery Content: cost, low toxicity, well-defined performance, long-term stability, etc. is finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility scale stationary applications, and backup power. is a natural mineral of the olivine family (triphylite). Its use as a battery electrode which was first described in published literature by John B. Goodenough's research group at the University of Texas in 1996, as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Because of its low cost, non-toxicity, the natural abundance of iron, its excellent thermal stability, safety characteristics, electrochemical performance, and specific capacity (170 mA·h/g, or 610 C/g) it has gained considerable market acceptance.", "Title: Lithium-ion battery Content: electrode materials are traditionally constructed from graphite and other carbon materials, although newer silicon based materials are being increasingly used (see Nanowire battery). These materials are used because they are abundant and are electrically conducting and can intercalate lithium ions to store electrical charge with modest volume expansion (ca. 10%). The reason that graphite is the dominant material is because of its low voltage and excellent performance. Various materials have been introduced but their voltage is high leading to a low energy density. Low voltage of material is the key requirement; otherwise, the excess capacity is useless in terms of", "Title: Lithium-ion battery Content: anode and cathode, depending on the direction of current flow through the cell. The most commercially popular negative electrode is graphite. The positive electrode is generally one of three materials: a layered oxide (such as lithium cobalt oxide), a polyanion (such as lithium iron phosphate) or a spinel (such as lithium manganese oxide). Recently, graphene based electrodes (based on 2D and 3D structures of graphene) have also been used as electrodes for lithium batteries. The electrolyte is typically a mixture of organic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate or diethyl carbonate containing complexes of lithium ions. These non-aqueous electrolytes generally use", "Title: Lithium Content: vents. Estimates for the Earth's crustal content range from 20 to 70 ppm by weight. In keeping with its name, lithium forms a minor part of igneous rocks, with the largest concentrations in granites. Granitic pegmatites also provide the greatest abundance of lithium-containing minerals, with spodumene and petalite being the most commercially viable sources. Another significant mineral of lithium is lepidolite which is now an obsolete name for a series formed by polylithionite and trilithionite. A newer source for lithium is hectorite clay, the only active development of which is through the Western Lithium Corporation in the United States. At" ]

[ "Lithium", "lithium" ]

[ "Title: Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India Content: Fundamental Rights, embodied in Part III of the Constitution, guarantee civil rights to all Indians, and prevent the State from encroaching on individual liberty while simultaneously placing upon it an obligation to protect the citizens' rights from encroachment by society. Seven fundamental rights were originally provided by the Constitution – right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, right to property and right to constitutional remedies. However, the right to property was removed from Part III of the Constitution by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The purpose of the Fundamental", "Title: Land acquisition in India Content: 44th Amendment, w.e.f. 10.6.1979). The amendment ensured that the right to property‟ is no longer a fundamental right but rather a constitutional/legal right/as a statutory right and in the event of breach, the remedy available to an aggrieved person is through the High Court under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution and not the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution. State must pay compensation at the market value for such land, building or structure acquired (Inserted by Constitution, Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964, the same can be found in the earlier rulings when property right was a fundamental right", "Title: Right to property Content: Right to property The right to property or right to own property (cf. ownership) is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions. A general recognition of a right to private property is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by legal persons (i.e. corporations) and where it is used for production rather than consumption. A right to property is recognised in Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or the International Covenant on", "Title: Fundamental rights in India Content: 1973 for any incompatibility with the basic structure doctrine. Section 4 of the 42nd Amendment, had changed of the constitution to accord precedence to the Directive Principles (earlier applicable only to clauses b & c of Article 39) over the fundamental rights of individuals. In Minerva Mills v. Union of India case, supreme court ruled that the amendment to the Article 31C is not valid and ultra vires. The Constitution originally provided for the right to property under Articles 19 and 31. Article 19 guaranteed to all citizens the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Article 31 provided", "Title: Right to property Content: a property qualification for civil and political rights was maintained. Right to property The right to property or right to own property (cf. ownership) is often classified as a human right for natural persons regarding their possessions. A general recognition of a right to private property is found more rarely and is typically heavily constrained insofar as property is owned by legal persons (i.e. corporations) and where it is used for production rather than consumption. A right to property is recognised in Article 17 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it is not recognised in the International Covenant", "Title: Part XII of the Constitution of India Content: on Property, Contracts, Right, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits Articles 294 - 300 on Succession to property assets, liabilities, and obligations. Article 300A on the Right to Property Article 300A - on Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law. Part XII of the Constitution of India Part XII is a compilation of laws pertaining to the constitution of India as a country and the union of states that it is made of. This part of the constitution consists of Articles on Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits. Articles 264 - 291 on Finance Articles 264 - 267", "Title: Land acquisition in India Content: 19 guaranteed that all citizens have the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. Article 31 stated that \"no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.\" It also indicated that compensation would be paid to a person whose property has been taken for public purposes (often subject to wide range of meaning). The Forty-Fourth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights with an introduction of a new provision, Article 300-A, which provided that \"no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law\" (Constitution", "Title: Land acquisition in India Content: private land for a public use, provided the public nature of the usage can be demonstrated beyond doubt. The doctrine is based on the following two Latin maxims, (1) Salus populi suprema lex (Welfare of the People Is the Paramount Law) and (2) Necessitas publica major est quam (Public Necessity Is Greater Than Private Necessity). In the history of modern India, this doctrine was challenged twice (broadly speaking) once when land reform was initiated and another time when Banks were nationalized. The Constitution of India originally provided the right to property (which includes land) under Articles 19 and 31. Article", "Title: Fundamental rights in India Content: that \"no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.\" It also provided that compensation would be paid to a person whose property has been taken for public purposes. The provisions relating to the right to property were changed a number of times. The Forty-Fourth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights A new provision, Article 300-A, was added to the constitution, which provided that \"no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law\". Thus if a legislature makes a law depriving a person of", "Title: Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India Content: Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India The Twenty-fifth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, curtailed the right to property, and permitted the acquisition of private property by the government for public use, on the payment of compensation which would be determined by the Parliament and not the courts. The amendment also exempted any law giving effect to the article 39(b) and (c) of Directive Principles of State Policy from judicial review, even if it violated the Fundamental Rights. In 1970, the Supreme Court, in its judgement on \"Rustom Cavasjee Cooper" ]

[ "constitutional right" ]

[ "Title: Presidency of Donald Trump Content: Presidency of Donald Trump The presidency of Donald Trump began at noon EST on January 20, 2017, when Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States, succeeding Barack Obama. A Republican, Trump was a businessman and reality television personality from New York City at the time of his 2016 presidential election victory over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton. While Trump lost the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes, he won the Electoral College vote, 304 to 227, in a presidential contest targeted by a Russian sabotage campaign. As of the end of his first year in", "Title: President of the United States Content: President of the United States The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. In contemporary times, the president is looked upon as one of the world's most powerful political figures and as the leader of the only remaining global superpower. The role includes responsibility for the world's most expensive military, which has the second largest nuclear arsenal. The president also leads the nation with the largest", "Title: President of the United States Content: States which is not decided by popular vote. Nine vice presidents became president by virtue of a president's intra-term death or resignation. Donald Trump of New York is the 45th and current president. He assumed office on January 20, 2017. During the American Revolution in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain. The new states were independent of each other as nation states and recognized the necessity of closely coordinating their efforts against the British. Congress desired to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy and negotiated the Articles of Confederation", "Title: 2016 United States presidential election Content: 2016 United States presidential election The 2016 United States presidential election was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016. The Republican ticket of businessman Donald Trump and Indiana Governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Senator from Virginia Tim Kaine, despite losing the popular vote. Trump took office as the 45th President, and Pence as the 48th Vice President, on January 20, 2017. Incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama was ineligible to serve a third term due to the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment. Trump", "Title: Presidential transition of Donald Trump Content: Presidential transition of Donald Trump Planning for the presidential transition of Donald Trump, led by then Vice President-elect, former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, began before Donald Trump won the United States presidential election on November 8, 2016, and became the President-elect. Trump was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 19, 2016. The transition was formerly led by Chris Christie until he and a number of his supporters were replaced or demoted on November 11. The transition ended when Trump was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20, 2017. In accordance with the Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of", "Title: Presidency of Barack Obama Content: Presidency of Barack Obama The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2017. Obama, a Democrat, took office following a decisive victory over Republican John McCain in the 2008 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2012 election, he defeated Republican Mitt Romney to win re-election. He was the first African American president, the first multiracial president, the first non-white president, and the first president to have been born in Hawaii. Obama was succeeded by Republican Donald", "Title: Donald Trump Content: Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in Melbourne, Florida, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office. By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand and it had raised a total amount exceeding $50 million towards the 2020 campaign . Footnotes Citations Bibliography Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in the New York City borough of Queens, and received an economics", "Title: Presidential transition of Donald Trump Content: Mike Pence\". Presidential transition of Donald Trump Planning for the presidential transition of Donald Trump, led by then Vice President-elect, former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, began before Donald Trump won the United States presidential election on November 8, 2016, and became the President-elect. Trump was formally elected by the Electoral College on December 19, 2016. The transition was formerly led by Chris Christie until he and a number of his supporters were replaced or demoted on November 11. The transition ended when Trump was inaugurated at noon EST on January 20, 2017. In accordance with the Pre-Election Presidential Transition", "Title: Barack Obama's farewell address Content: David Axelrod also contributed to the drafting process. Barack Obama's farewell address Barack Obama's farewell address was the of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States, delivered on January 10, 2017 at 9:00 p.m. EST. The farewell address was broadcast on various television and radio stations and livestreamed online by the White House. An estimated 24 million people watched the address live on television. The speech and its transcript are available on the archived version of the Obama Whitehouse website. Obama served as the first African American President of the United States for two terms, first elected", "Title: United States presidential transition Content: federal officials have been pushing for candidates to start planning a potential administration earlier and earlier in the election calendar. The most recent transition was the Trump transition—the transition from the Obama administration to the Trump administration—which concluded on January 20, 2017, with the swearing in of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States. For much of American history, presidential transitions were carried out without very much advance planning or even cooperation from the sitting chief executive. A president-elect was not expected to come to the nation’s capital until the inauguration and had few if any substantial" ]

[ "Donald Trump" ]

[ "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: Middle cranial fossa The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone, the anterior clinoid processes, and the ridge forming the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove; behind, by the superior angles of the petrous portions of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellæ; laterally by the temporal squamæ, sphenoidal angles of the parietals, and greater", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: like the italic letter \"f\". It begins behind at the foramen lacerum, and ends on the medial side of the anterior clinoid process, where it is sometimes converted into a foramen (carotico-clinoid) by the union of the anterior with the middle clinoid process; posteriorly, it is bounded laterally by the lingula. This groove lodges the cavernous sinus and the internal carotid artery, the latter being surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The lateral parts of the middle fossa are of considerable depth, and support the temporal lobes of the brain. They are marked by depressions for the brain convolutions", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: wings of the sphenoid. It is traversed by the squamosal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and sphenopetrosal sutures. It houses the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland. A middle fossa craniotomy is one means to surgically remove acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannoma) growing within the internal auditory canal of the temporal bone. The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity. Behind the optic foramen the anterior clinoid process is directed backward", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: canal, for the transmission of the greater superficial petrosal nerve and the petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery; beneath it, the smaller groove, for the passage of the lesser superficial petrosal nerve; and, near the apex of the bone, the depression for the semilunar ganglion and the orifice of the carotid canal. Middle cranial fossa The middle cranial fossa, deeper than the anterior cranial fossa, is narrow medially and widens laterally to the sides of the skull. It is separated from the posterior fossa by the clivus and the petrous crest. It is bounded in front by the posterior", "Title: Anterior cranial fossa Content: Anterior cranial fossa The anterior cranial fossa is a depression in the floor of the cranial base which houses the projecting frontal lobes of the brain. It is formed by the orbital plates of the frontal, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid, and the small wings and front part of the body of the sphenoid; it is limited behind by the posterior borders of the small wings of the sphenoid and by the anterior margin of the chiasmatic groove. The lesser wings of the sphenoid separate the anterior and middle fossae. It is traversed by the frontoethmoidal, sphenoethmoidal, and sphenofrontal", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: the sphenoid; it is usually completed laterally by the orbital plate of the frontal bone. It transmits to the orbital cavity the oculomotor, the trochlear, the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal, and the abducent nerves, some filaments from the cavernous plexus of the sympathetic, and the orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery; and from the orbital cavity a recurrent branch from the lacrimal artery to the dura mater, and the ophthalmic veins. Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum, for the passage of the maxillary nerve. Behind and lateral to the foramen rotundum", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: is the foramen ovale, which transmits the mandibular nerve, the accessory meningeal artery, and the lesser superficial petrosal nerve. Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen Vesalii, which varies in size in different individuals, and is often absent; when present, it opens below at the lateral side of the scaphoid fossa, and transmits a small vein. Lateral to the foramen ovale is the foramen spinosum, for the passage of the middle meningeal vessels, and a recurrent branch from the mandibular nerve. Medial to the foramen ovale is the foramen lacerum; in the fresh state the lower part of this", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: aperture is filled up by a layer of fibrocartilage, while its upper and inner parts transmit the internal carotid artery surrounded by a plexus of sympathetic nerves. The nerve of the pterygoid canal and a meningeal branch from the ascending pharyngeal artery pierce the layer of fibrocartilage. On the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone are seen the eminence caused by the projection of the superior semicircular canal; in front of and a little lateral to this a depression corresponding to the roof of the tympanic cavity; the groove leading to the hiatus of the facial", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: and traversed by furrows for the anterior and posterior branches of the middle meningeal vessels. These furrows begin near the foramen spinosum, and the anterior runs forward and upward to the sphenoidal angle of the parietal, where it is sometimes converted into a bony canal; the posterior runs lateralward and backward across the temporal squama and passes on to the parietal near the middle of its lower border. The following apertures are also to be seen. In front is the superior orbital fissure, bounded above by the small wing, below, by the great wing, and medially, by the body of", "Title: Middle cranial fossa Content: and medialward and gives attachment to the tentorium cerebelli. Behind the tuberculum sellæ is a deep depression, the sella turcica, containing the fossa hypophyseos, which lodges the hypophysis, and presents on its anterior wall the middle clinoid processes. The sella turcica is bounded posteriorly by a quadrilateral plate of bone, the dorsum sellae, the upper angles of which are surmounted by the posterior clinoid processes: these afford attachment to the tentorium cerebelli, and below each is a notch for the abducent nerve. On either side of the sella turcica is the carotid groove, which is broad, shallow, and curved somewhat" ]

[ "the pituitary gland", "temporal lobes", "the temporal lobes", "pituitary gland" ]

[ "Title: The Outsiders (film) Content: film helped spark the Brat Pack genre of the 1980s. Both Lane and Dillon went on to appear in Coppola's related film \"Rumble Fish\". Emilio Estevez went on to be in \"That Was Then... This Is Now\", the only S. E. Hinton film adaptation not to star Matt Dillon. The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performed well at the box office, grossing $33 million on a $10 million budget. In Tulsa, Oklahoma, greasers are a gang of tough, low-income working-class teens. They include Ponyboy Curtis and his two older brothers, Sodapop and Darrel, as well as Johnny", "Title: The Outsiders (novel) Content: in 1965, but this is never explicitly stated in the book. A film adaptation was produced in 1983, and a little-known short-lived television series appeared in 1990, picking up where the movie left off. A stage adaptation was written by Christopher Sergel and published in 1990. Ponyboy Curtis, a teenaged member of a loose gang of \"greasers\", is leaving a movie theater when he is jumped by \"Socs\", the greasers' rival gang. Several greasers, including Ponyboy's two older brothers—the paternal Darry and the popular Sodapop—come to his rescue. The next night, Ponyboy and two greaser friends, the hardened Dally and", "Title: Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Content: Paul Giamatti for Sony Pictures Television and Tribune Studios. WGN America announced a 13-episode straight-to-series order in August 2014. Production began in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area on May 5, 2015 and ran through September. Mountaintop exteriors were filmed in Henry Kaufmann Family Park in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, while interiors were constructed at 31st Street Studios in the Strip District. Scenes in Blackburg, Kentucky, the fictional town at the base of the mountain, were filmed in Millvale. WGN America renewed the series for a second season. Production resumed in mid-2016 using the same locations around Pittsburgh. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On review aggregator Metacritic, \"Outsiders\"", "Title: Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Content: Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Outsiders is an American television drama series created by Peter Mattei. Set in the fictional town of Blackburg, Crockett County, Kentucky, the series tells the story of the Farrell clan and their struggle for power and control in the hills of Appalachia. It is WGN America's third original series, which debuted on January 26, 2016. On March 11, 2016, WGN America renewed \"Outsiders\" for a second season which premiered on January 24, 2017. On April 14, 2017, WGN America announced, the series had been canceled after two seasons, with the then forthcoming last episode of the", "Title: Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Content: second season, airing as a series finale on the channel. Set in the Appalachian Mountains of Kentucky, the series revolves around the interaction of a group of mountain folk known as the Farrell clan and the locals in the nearby town of Blackburg, Kentucky. The Farrells are an isolationist group, who shun normal society and live a spartan existence in the woods. Extremely paranoid of outsiders, the family controls a mountain coveted by a national mining outfit for its coal deposits. At the start of the series, Asa Farrell, a cousin of the ruling family, returns to the mountains after", "Title: S. E. Hinton bibliography Content: S. E. Hinton bibliography Susan Eloise Hinton (better known as S. E. Hinton) is an American author who is best known for writing young adult fiction. \"The Outsiders\" was Hinton's first published book in 1967; Hinton wrote the book at the age of seventeen. Hinton based the characters, the Greasers and the Socs, off of teenage gangs and alienated youth in her hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma during the 1960s. \"The Outsiders\" has sold over fourteen million copies since it was published. In 1983, \"The Outsiders\" became a movie, and was later released onto DVD. After experiencing a writer's block and", "Title: S. E. Hinton bibliography Content: awards from 21 nominations. S. E. Hinton bibliography Susan Eloise Hinton (better known as S. E. Hinton) is an American author who is best known for writing young adult fiction. \"The Outsiders\" was Hinton's first published book in 1967; Hinton wrote the book at the age of seventeen. Hinton based the characters, the Greasers and the Socs, off of teenage gangs and alienated youth in her hometown of Tulsa, Oklahoma during the 1960s. \"The Outsiders\" has sold over fourteen million copies since it was published. In 1983, \"The Outsiders\" became a movie, and was later released onto DVD. After experiencing", "Title: Greaser (subculture) Content: time. The first cinematic representation of the greaser subculture was the 1953 film \"The Wild One\". Greasers are central characters in the 1957 musical \"West Side Story\" and its 1961 film adaptation, the 1967 novel \"The Outsiders\" and its 1983 film adaptation, the 1974 film \"The Lords of Flatbush\", and the 1979 film \"The Wanderers\". The phenomenon was given a more farcical treatment in the 1971 stage musical \"Grease\" (along with its 1978 film adaptation), which drew its name from the subculture and was based on real-life Chicago Polish greasers in the late 1950s. The band Sha-Na-Na models their on-stage", "Title: The Outsiders (film) Content: told the police that Johnny and Pony were in Texas, and gives Pony a note from Sodapop. They go out to get something to eat, then return to find the church on fire with children trapped inside. The Greasers turn into heroes as they rescue the kids from the burning church. It doesn't take long for Ponyboy and Dally to heal up. Johnny, on the other hand, ends up with a broken back and severe burns. The boys are praised for their heroism, but Johnny is charged with manslaughter for killing Bob, while Ponyboy may be sent to a boys'", "Title: Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Content: holds a score of 63/100, based on 17 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews.\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has an approval rating of 78%, stating \"\"Outsiders\" gritty performances keeps the backwoods drama intriguing, even when the story gets stuck in the mud.\" Outsiders (U.S. TV series) Outsiders is an American television drama series created by Peter Mattei. Set in the fictional town of Blackburg, Crockett County, Kentucky, the series tells the story of the Farrell clan and their struggle for power and control in the hills of Appalachia. It is WGN America's third original series, which debuted on January" ]

[ "Tulsa , Oklahoma" ]

[ "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) \"Flight\" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 17, 2012. In the episode, six doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital who are victims of an aviation accident fight to stay alive, but Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) ultimately dies. Other storylines occur in Seattle where Dr. Richard Webber (James", "Title: Grey's Anatomy Content: careers. However, all plans are put on hold when several doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital are engaged in a plane crash, which kills Lexie and endangers Meredith, Shepherd, Yang, Robbins, and Sloan. At the conclusion of the eighth season, Altman is courteously fired by Hunt as she struggles to decide whether or not to take the job as Chief at the United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM). In the season nine premiere, Sloan dies due to sustained injuries from the plane crash following a brief relapse of temporary health (the surge) and the remaining characters work through their", "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: Pickens, Jr.) plans his annual dinner for the departing residents, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) fires Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), and Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) gets engaged. The episode marked Leigh's final appearance in the series and Raver's last until late in the fourteenth season. Exterior filming of the accident took place at Big Bear Lake, California. Jason George reprised his role as a guest star, whereas James LeGros made his first appearance. The episode opened to mixed reviews from television critics, with some criticizing the death of Lexie, but praising Leigh's performance, in addition to Ellen Pompeo", "Title: Going, Going, Gone (Grey's Anatomy) Content: the fates of select characters unknown. However, multiple cast members leaked pictures from the set. Jason George returned in guest capacity, along with newcomers William Daniels, Steven Culp, Philip Casnoff, Gaius Charles, Camilla Luddington, Tina Majorino, and Jerrika Hinton. Critics generally regarded \"Going, Going, Gone\" as disconsolate. In the season eight finale, Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh), Dr. Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), and Dr. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) are caught in an aviation accident, leaving Lexie Grey dead, and the rest of the doctors stranded.", "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: a piece of the plane. While Meredith searches for Shepherd, Yang and Sloan try to move the debris off Lexie. Eventually, the two realize that they cannot save her, so Sloan holds her hand while she dies, telling her that he loves her. As Sloan tells her of the life the two were meant to have together, Lexie dies with a smile on her face just as Meredith and Yang are approaching. Lexie's death devastates Meredith, who is still desperately trying to find her husband. Eventually, she and Shepherd reunite and they fix his hand as best as they can.", "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: poll that judged all the television season finales of the year, Lexie's death was voted the \"Top Tissue Moment\", while Robbins' injured leg and Shepherd's mangled hand were voted the \"Most Disturbing Image\". The ending of the episode was also considered as the \"Best Ending to an Otherwise So-So Season\". Lexie's death was also nominated under the \"Best (Presumed) Death\" category, while the plane crash's aftermath was nominated as the \"Best Non-romantic Cliffhanger\", and the episode in entirety was nominated for the special award for \"Biggest Regret That I Didn't See It, I Just Heard or Read About It\". \"Entertainment", "Title: Grey's Anatomy (season 8) Content: plane crashes. In \"Flight\" the six doctors and the pilot fight to survive. Derek's hand is severely injured, as is Arizona's leg. Lexie is trapped and crushed beneath part of the plane. She and Mark finally confess their love to each other, and within moments, she dies. Mere seconds later, Meredith arrives too late, and is devastated by her sister's death. They soon realize that Mark has severe internal injuries. The season ends with the 5 remaining surgeons in peril, lost in the woods and not knowing when or if help will come. The season received mostly positive reviews. Tanner", "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: her to write the finale, adding: \"I did not enjoy it. It made me sick and it made me sad.\" Rhimes also explained the departure of Leigh, whose character died after the plane crash, by saying that the two came to an agreement on the decision to kill Lexie, after extensive discussion. Speaking of Raver's departure whose character left Seattle Grace for MEDCOM, Rhimes elaborated that Raver was offered a contract renewal, but declined. The episode received mixed reviews among television critics, and it outperformed the previous episode in terms of both viewership and ratings. \"Flight\" was originally broadcast on", "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: Weekly\" later named the scene where Meredith is crying one of the best crying scenes of 2012. In TVLine's review of 2012, Lexie's death was runner-up for \"Biggest Tearjerker\". The episode is nominated at the NAACP Image Awards under the Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series category for Rhimes. Flight (Grey's Anatomy) \"Flight\" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company", "Title: Flight (Grey's Anatomy) Content: (Patrick Dempsey), and Dr. Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) desperately fight to stay alive. Meredith is relatively unscathed, while the rest have serious injuries: the pilot, Jerry (James LeGros), has a major spine injury, and Yang dislocates her arm. Robbins' femur is broken and sticking through the skin, Sloan has serious internal injuries; though initially adrenaline keeps him on his feet. Shepherd is sucked out the side of the plane and awakens alone in the wood; his mangled hand having been pushed through the door of the plane. However, none are in as bad shape as Lexie, who is crushed under" ]

[ "Lexie", "Dr. Lexie Grey" ]

[ "Title: Hops Content: were imported through Dublin alone. Important production centres today are the Hallertau in Germany, the Žatec (Saaz) in the Czech Republic, the Yakima (Washington) and Willamette (Oregon) valleys, and western Canyon County, Idaho (including the communities of Parma, Wilder, Greenleaf, and Notus). The principal production centres in the UK are in Kent (which produces Kent Goldings hops), Herefordshire, and Worcestershire. Essentially all of the harvested hops are used in beer making. Although hops are grown in most of the continental United States and Canada, cultivation of hops for commercial production requires a particular environment. As hops are a climbing plant,", "Title: Hops Content: modern machinery was invented to make the holes for the hop poles. Hops production is concentrated in moist temperate climates, with much of the world's production occurring near the 48th parallel north. Hop plants prefer the same soils as potatoes and the leading potato-growing states in the United States are also major hops-producing areas; however, not all potato-growing areas can produce good hops naturally: soils in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, for example, lack the boron that hops prefer. Historically, hops were not grown in Ireland, but were imported from England. In 1752 more than 500 tons of English hops", "Title: Hops Content: Hops Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant \"Humulus lupulus.\" They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring and stability agent in beer, to which they, beyond bitterness, impart floral, fruity, or citric flavours and aromas; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hop plant is a vigorous, climbing, herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (nomenclature in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and U.S.) when grown commercially. Many different", "Title: Hops Content: As a result, in 1603, King James I approved an Act of Parliament banning the practice by which \"the Subjects of this Realm have been of late years abused &c. to the Value of £20,000 yearly, besides the Danger of their Healths\". Hop cultivation was begun in the present-day United States in 1629 by English and Dutch farmers. Before prohibition, cultivation was mainly centred around New York, California, Oregon, and Washington state. Problems with powdery mildew and downy mildew devastated New York's production by the 1920s, and California only produces hops on a small scale. Hop bars were used before", "Title: Brussels sprout Content: offer an ideal combination of coastal fog and cool temperatures year-round. The harvest season lasts from June through January. Most U.S. production is in California, with a smaller percentage of the crop grown in Skagit Valley, Washington, where cool springs, mild summers, and rich soil abounds, and to a lesser degree on Long Island, New York. Total U.S. production is around 32,000 tons, with a value of $27 million. About 80 to 85% of U.S. production is for the frozen food market, with the remainder for fresh consumption. Once harvested, sprouts last 3-5 weeks under ideal near-freezing conditions before wilting", "Title: Emil Clemens Horst Content: Emil Clemens Horst Emil Clemens Horst (18 March 1867 – 24 May 1940) was a major figure in the cultivation, harvest and sale of hops in the United States. Horst emigrated to the U.S. as a child in 1874 from Tuttlingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the mid 1880s he purchased a small plot of land along the Bear River, near Wheatland, California, and began cultivating hops. He soon bought out two other hop growers, Hugh Roddan and Joseph M.C. Jasper. By 1898, Horst's operation had grown to the point that ten hop drying kilns ran daily during the harvest and a", "Title: Agriculture in the Southwestern United States Content: produce a significant amount of potatoes, lemons, tangerines, and cantaloupes. Over 49,000 dry tons of chili peppers were grown in New Mexico in 2007, 35 million pounds of peanuts were grown, and 63,000 acres were used for onion production. New Mexico is also a significant producer of pinto beans and grapes. Since Nevada uses 90 percent of its cropland to grow hay, it is not a major contributor to other crops. Nevada does grow potatoes, wheat, barley, and onions, as the rest of the southwest states do. They also grow mint and garlic. Since most agriculture in the Southwest United", "Title: Sugarcane Content: growing regions, such as Mauritius, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Guyana, Ecuador, Cuba, El Salvador, Jamaica, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Australia and Hawaii, sugarcane crops can produce over 15 kg/m of cane. Once a major crop of the southeastern region of the United States, sugarcane cultivation has declined there in recent decades, and is now primarily confined to Florida, Louisiana, and South Texas. Sugarcane is cultivated in the tropics and subtropics in areas with a plentiful supply of water for a continuous period of more than six to seven months each year, either from natural", "Title: Hops Content: face, hands, and legs. Hops are toxic to dogs. Hops Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant \"Humulus lupulus.\" They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring and stability agent in beer, to which they, beyond bitterness, impart floral, fruity, or citric flavours and aromas; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hop plant is a vigorous, climbing, herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (nomenclature in the South of England), or hop yard (in the", "Title: Functionally classified barn Content: New York state's \"hop belt\" numerous hop barns were constructed between the early 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Ostego, Chenango, Madison, Oneida, Montgomery and Schoharie Counties were the primary areas contained within the hop belt. As hops production basically dwindled down to only Washington state, in the U.S., the remaining hop houses elsewhere have begun to disappear. Defunct hop kilns are found in areas where hops production is still ongoing, in Kent, England, for instance. The design of hop houses changed significantly over time, as did the area hops were grown in. In New York, for" ]

[ "Willamette ( Oregon )", "Oregon", "western Canyon County , Idaho", "Washington", "Idaho", "Yakima ( Washington )" ]

[ "Title: Tom and Jerry Content: was also filmed in the standard Academy ratio and format. Tom (named \"Jasper\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat. (\"Tom\" is a generic name for a male cat.) He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"Jinx\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom. Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits. Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting", "Title: Tom and Jerry Content: benefits Spike, who promises not to interfere ever again; causing Jerry to frantically leave the house and run into the distance (in Hic-cup Pup). Spike is well known for his famous \"\"Listen pussycat!\"\" catchphrase when he threatens Tom, his other famous catchphrase is \"\"That's my boy!\"\" normally said when he supports or congratulates his son. Tyke is described as a cute, sweet looking, happy and a lovable puppy. He is Spike's son, but unlike Spike, Tyke does not speak and only communicates (mostly towards his father) by barking, yapping, wagging his tail, whimpering and growling. Tyke's father Spike would always", "Title: Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz Content: Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz Tom and Jerry & The Wizard of Oz is a 2011 animated musical fantasy comedy direct-to-video film starring Tom and Jerry, produced by Warner Bros. Animation. The film is an animated semi-adaptation of the 1939 musical film, \"The Wizard of Oz\" with the addition of Tom and Jerry. Droopy and Butch from Tex Avery's \"Droopy\" series also cameo as minor antagonists. Dorothy is a girl, who lives in Kansas with her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry, as well as farmhands Hunk, Hickory, and Zeke. She has a pet dog named Toto, a", "Title: Tom and Jerry Content: his appearance in the 1945 MGM musical \"Anchors Aweigh\". \"\" is the first (and so far only) installment of the series where the famous cat-and-mouse duo regularly speak. In that movie, Tom was voiced by Richard Kind, and Jerry was voiced by Dana Hill. In his attempts to catch Jerry, Tom often has to deal with Spike (known as \"Killer\" and \"Butch\" in some shorts), an angry, vicious but easily duped bulldog who tries to attack Tom for bothering him or his son Tyke while trying to get Jerry. Originally, Spike was unnamed and mute (aside from howls and biting", "Title: Tom Cat Content: Framed Roger Rabbit\". Tom Cat Thomas \"Tom\" Cat is a fictional character and one of the title characters (the other being Jerry Mouse) in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's series of \"Tom and Jerry\" theatrical animated short films. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, Tom is a grey and white anthropomorphic domestic short haired Tuxedo cat who first appeared in the 1940 MGM animated short \"Puss Gets the Boot\" Tom was originally known as \"Jasper\" during his debut in that short; however, beginning with his next appearance in \"The Midnight Snack\" he is known as \"Tom\" or \"Thomas\". His name, \"Tom Cat\", is", "Title: Tom Cat Content: Tom Cat Thomas \"Tom\" Cat is a fictional character and one of the title characters (the other being Jerry Mouse) in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's series of \"Tom and Jerry\" theatrical animated short films. Created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, Tom is a grey and white anthropomorphic domestic short haired Tuxedo cat who first appeared in the 1940 MGM animated short \"Puss Gets the Boot\" Tom was originally known as \"Jasper\" during his debut in that short; however, beginning with his next appearance in \"The Midnight Snack\" he is known as \"Tom\" or \"Thomas\". His name, \"Tom Cat\", is based on \"tomcat\",", "Title: Tom and Jerry Content: Tom and Jerry Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom, a cat, and Jerry, a mouse, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy. In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 114 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958. During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's \"Silly Symphonies\" with the most awards in the category. After the MGM cartoon studio", "Title: Tom and Jerry Content: go out of his way to care and comfort his son and make sure that he is safe from Tom. Tyke loves his father and Spike loves his son and they get along like friends, although most of time they would be taking a nap or Spike would teach Tyke the main facts of life of being a dog. Like Spike, Tyke's appearance has altered throughout the years, from grey (with white paws) to creamy tan. When Tom and Jerry Kids first aired, this was the first time that viewers were able to hear Tyke speak. Butch is a black,", "Title: Tom and Jerry Content: The following cartoons won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons: These cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons, but did not win: Tom and Jerry Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940 by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom, a cat, and Jerry, a mouse, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy. In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 114 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958. During this time, they", "Title: Tom and Jerry: The Movie Content: currently available. As of 2018, the film has also yet to be released on Blu-ray. Tom and Jerry: The Movie Tom and Jerry: The Movie is a 1992 American animated musical buddy comedy-adventure film starring the Academy Award-winning cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry. Produced and directed by Phil Roman, the film stars the voices of Richard Kind, Dana Hill, Anndi McAfee, Tony Jay, Rip Taylor, Henry Gibson, Michael Bell, Ed Gilbert, David L. Lander, Howard Morris and Charlotte Rae. Produced by Turner Pictures and Roman's Film Roman, it is the first theatrical feature-length animated film featuring the cat-and-mouse duo as" ]

[ "Spike" ]

[ "Title: Natural resources of Africa Content: continent.\" African oil takes growing importance, mainly after the 2015 oil crisis and recent oil reserves discoveries. Sudan and Nigeria are two of the main oil producers. China owns 40% of Congo's oil production. Oil is provided by both continental and offshore productions. Sudan's oil exports in 2010 are estimated by the United States Department of State at $9 billion with United States dollars. Five countries dominate Africa's upstream oil production. Together they account for 85% of the continent's oil production and are, in order of decreasing output, Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Egypt and Angola. Other oil producing countries are Gabon,", "Title: Natural resources of Africa Content: Congo, Cameroon, Tunisia, Equatorial Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire and more recently, Ghana. Exploration is taking place in a number of other countries that aim to increase their output or become first time producers. Included in this list are Chad, Sudan, Namibia, South Africa and Madagascar while Mozambique and Tanzania are potential oil producers. Ore resources in Africa are abundant, and extremely more so nowadays as other continents are beginning to face depletion of resources. The copper belt in Katanga, the diamond mines in Sierra Leone, Angola, and Botswana are well known for their abundance and", "Title: Economy of Africa Content: Africa are South Africa, Libya, Namibia, Egypt, Tunisia, and Zimbabwe, which each consume between 1000 and 5000 KWh/m per person, in contrast with African states such as Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Tanzania, where electricity consumption per person is negligible. Petroleum and petroleum products are the main export of 14 African countries. Petroleum and petroleum products accounted for a 46.6% share of Africa's total exports in 2010; the second largest export of Africa as a whole is natural gas, in its gaseous state and as liquified natural gas, accounting for a 6.3% share of Africa's exports. Lack of infrastructure creates barriers for", "Title: Petroleum industry in the Republic of the Congo Content: Lubumbashi International Airport. Congo holds the fifth-largest proved reserves of natural gas in the Sub-Saharan Africa, at 3.2 Tcf, A majority of natural gas around 65% is reinjected and 21% flared. Petroleum industry in the Republic of the Congo Oil and Gas dominates the resource sector of the Republic of the Congo (), also referred to as Congo-Brazzaville, with the petroleum industry accounting for 89% of the country’s exports in 2010. Among African crude oil producers in 2010, The Congo ranked seventh. Nearly all of the country's hydrocarbons were produced off-shore. In the late 1970s, Congo emerged as a significant", "Title: Oron people Content: the Sahara Desert, which brings in the dry season Oron is rich in oil and natural gas. Most of its oil reserves are off-shore. There are 25 corked oil wells. Oron is presently rated as having one of the highest supplies of natural gas deposits in sub-Saharan Africa with large amounts of untapped natural gas and oil at Ukpata, Udung Okung, and Edik Ekpu. The region is extremely fertile and is known for its topographical Oil Palm Belt, tropical rainforest, swamps, and beaches. The mangrove forests also provide timber and raw materials for medicinal purposes. There are also deposits of", "Title: Climate of Africa Content: Earth. Located just south of the Sahara is a narrow steppe (a semi-arid region) called the Sahel, while Africa's most southern areas contain both savanna plains, and its central portion contains very dense jungle (rainforest) regions. The equatorial region near the Intertropical Convergence Zone is the wettest portion of the continent. Annually, the rain belt across the country moves northward into Sub-Saharan Africa by August, then passes back southward into south-central Africa by March. Areas with a savannah climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Faso, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. El Nino results", "Title: Africa Content: the Anatolian Plateau of Turkey mark where the African Plate collided with Eurasia. The Afrotropic ecozone and the Saharo-Arabian desert to its north unite the region biogeographically, and the Afro-Asiatic language family unites the north linguistically. The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on its highest peaks. Its northern half is primarily desert, or arid, while its central and southern areas contain both savanna plains and dense jungle (rainforest) regions. In between, there is a convergence, where vegetation patterns such as sahel and steppe dominate. Africa is the hottest continent on earth and 60% of the entire land", "Title: Africa–China economic relations Content: Africa, which has preferential trade agreements with Europe. The sub-Saharan oil producers include by global rank and Mbpd: Nigeria (13th; 2.35Mbpd), Angola (16th; 1.91Mbpd), Sudan (31st; .47Mbpd). Guinea (33rd), Congo (38th), and Chad (45th) also have notable oil output. In 2005, 35% of exported African oil went to the EU, 32% to the US, 10% to China, while 1% of African gas goes to other parts of Asia. North African preferentially exporting its oil to western countries : EU 64%; US 18%; all others 18%. 60% of African wood goes to China, where it is manufactured, and then sell across", "Title: Energy in Africa Content: process optimization. According to Stephen Karekezi, Director of African Energy Policy Research Network and co-worker Waeni Kithyoma, Africa is third largest in crude oil reserves (behind the Middle East and Latin America), third largest in natural gas resources (behind the Middle East and Europe), second greatest for uranium (behind Australia), and is plentiful in hydro energy potentials and other renewable energy, such as bio-energy and solar energy. Professor Iwayemi states that there are conventional energy sources in Africa: hydroelectric and wood fuels, coal lignite, crude oil, natural gas and nuclear fuels, and there are unconventional energy sources, such as solar,", "Title: Petroleum industry in Nigeria Content: respectively, according to the International Energy Agency. According to the CIA World Factbook, Nigeria’s main export partners are the United States, India, Brazil, Spain, France and the Netherlands. Shell has been working in Nigeria since 1936, and currently dominates gas production in the country, as the Niger Delta, which contains most of Nigeria's gas resources, also houses most of Shell's hydrocarbon assets. Prior to its official amalgamation into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria by the military forces of the British Empire in 1914, the territory of Nigeria was a loose collection of autonomous states, villages, and ethnic communities. Many" ]

[ "Nigeria" ]

[ "Title: Pearl Content: south Pacific and Indian Ocean. The largest pearl oyster is the \"Pinctada maxima\", which is roughly the size of a dinner plate. South Sea pearls are characterized by their large size and warm luster. Sizes up to 14 mm in diameter are not uncommon. In 2013, Indonesia Pearl supplied 43 percent of South Sea Pearls international market. The other significant producers are Australia, Philippines, Myanmar and Malaysia. In 1914, pearl farmers began growing cultured freshwater pearls using the pearl mussels native to Lake Biwa. This lake, the largest and most ancient in Japan, lies near the city of Kyoto. The", "Title: Pearl Content: Tissa's embassy to Emperor Ashoka. Pliny the Elder (23–79AD) praised the pearl fishery of the Gulf as most productive in the world. For thousands of years, seawater pearls were retrieved by divers in the Indian Ocean in areas such as the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Mannar. Evidence also suggest a prehistoric origin to pearl diving in these regions. Starting in the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), the Chinese hunted extensively for seawater pearls in the South China Sea. Tanka pearl divers of twelfth century China attached ropes to their waists in order to be safely", "Title: Natural resources of India Content: India's major mineral resources include Coal (4th largest reserves in the world), Iron ore, Manganese ore (7th largest reserve in the world as in 2013), Mica, Bauxite (5th largest reserve in the world as in 2013), Chromite, Natural gas, Diamonds, Limestone and Thorium. India's oil reserves, found in Bombay High off the coast of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and in eastern Assam meet 25% of the country's demand. A national level agency National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) was established in 1983 for integrated natural resources management in the country. It is supported by Planning Commission (India) and Department of Space.", "Title: Geography of India Content: Geography of India India lies on the Indian Plate, the northern portion of the Indo-Australian Plate, whose continental crust forms the Indian subcontinent. The country is situated north of the equator between 8°04' to 37°06' north latitude and 68°07' to 97°25' east longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of . India measures from north to south and from east to west. It has a land frontier of and a coastline of . On the south, India projects into and is bounded by the Indian Ocean –- in particular, by the Arabian Sea on", "Title: String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) Content: String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) The String of pearls is a geopolitical theory on potential Chinese intentions in the Indian Ocean region. It refers to the network of Chinese military and commercial facilities and relationships along its sea lines of communication, which extend from the Chinese mainland to Port Sudan. The sea lines run through several major maritime choke points such as the Strait of Mandeb, the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Lombok Strait as well as other strategic maritime centers in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Maldives, and Somalia. The term as a geopolitical concept", "Title: Andaman Sea Content: cuttlefish and 36,071 tonnes for crustaceans. The sea's mineral resources include tin deposits off the coasts of Malaysia and Thailand. Major ports are Port Blair in India; Dawei, Mawlamyine and Yangon in Myanmar; Ranong port in Thailand; George Town and Penang in Malaysia; and Belawan in Indonesia. The Andaman Sea, particularly the western coast of the Malay Peninsula, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India and Myanmar are rich in coral reefs and offshore islands with spectacular topography. Despite having been damaged by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, they remain popular tourist destinations. The nearby coast also has", "Title: String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) Content: the Indian Ocean. Chinese possessions in the Indian Ocean consist primarily of commercial ports owned and operated by Chinese firms, as well as resupply stations operating in agreement with the Chinese central government. The two largest projects consist of a Chinese-financed commercial shipping center in Hambantota, Sri Lanka, and a Chinese-controlled deep-water port near the mouth of the Persian Gulf in Gwadar, Pakistan, which is also the crux of China's massive $46 billion China Pakistan Economic Corridor project. Both sites have raised the concern of neighboring powers, most significantly India, which fears the possibility of a string of Chinese bases", "Title: Pearl Content: pearl: saltwater and freshwater pearls come in many different colors. While white, and more recently black, saltwater pearls are by far the most popular, other color tints can be found on pearls from the oceans. Pink, blue, champagne, green, and even purple saltwater pearls can be encountered, but to collect enough of these rare colors to form a complete string of the same size and same shade can take years. The Hindu tradition describes the sacred Nine Pearls which were first documented in the Garuda Purana, one of the books of the Hindu mythology. Ayurveda contains references to pearl powder", "Title: Pearl Content: world's last remaining fleets of pearl diving ships. Australian pearl divers dive for south sea pearl oysters to be used in the cultured south sea pearl industry. The catch of pearl oysters is similar to the numbers of oysters taken during the natural pearl days. Hence significant numbers of natural pearls are still found in the Australian Indian Ocean waters from wild oysters. X-ray examination is required to positively verify natural pearls found today. Keshi pearls, although they often occur by chance, are not considered natural. They are a byproduct of the culturing process, and hence do not happen without", "Title: String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) Content: of Bagamoyo is intended to create a military capability. China views her own actions in an entirely different light, as their efforts to strengthen a new maritime Silk Road. China's growing economic investments have increased their concerns about the political stability of the countries they are investing in. In 2007, the Indian Navy published the \"Indian Maritime Doctrine\", a document outlining prospective Indian naval strategies. It describes ambitions for an active Indian naval presence from the Strait of Hormuz to the Strait of Malacca. Furthermore, the doctrine makes explicit mention of the need to police international shipping lanes and control" ]

[ "the Indian Ocean" ]

[ "Title: Giant panda Content: While the dragon has often served as China's national symbol, internationally the giant panda appears at least as commonly. As such, it is becoming widely used within China in international contexts, for example since 1982 issuing gold panda bullion coins or as one of the five Fuwa mascots of the Beijing Olympics. For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under debate because it shares characteristics with both bears and raccoons. However, molecular studies indicate the giant panda is a true bear, part of the family Ursidae. These studies show it differentiated early (about 19 million", "Title: Giant pandas around the world Content: Giant pandas around the world As of 2018, there are 26 zoos in 18 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas. Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018. These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years. Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos is to try to help the species reproduce before", "Title: Giant pandas around the world Content: Giant pandas around the world As of 2018, there are 26 zoos in 18 countries (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China (Hong Kong), Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (Scotland), and United States) that have giant pandas. Finland received its first two pandas in January 2018. These zoos have contracts with China to house these pandas for a few years. Giant pandas are on the IUCN Red List so part of the reason these contracts exist between China and international zoos is to try to help the species reproduce before", "Title: Panda diplomacy Content: Panda diplomacy Panda diplomacy is China's use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts to other countries. The practice existed as far back as the Tang Dynasty, when Empress Wu Zetian (625–705) sent a pair of pandas to the Japanese emperor. The People's Republic of China used panda diplomacy in the 1950s and has become known in recent decades for this practice. From 1958 to 1982, China gave 23 pandas to nine different countries. One highlight of panda diplomacy was the Chinese government's gift of two pandas, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing, to the United States in 1972 after President Richard Nixon's historic", "Title: National Zoological Park (United States) Content: \"New Mexico native\" who had resided in Washington, D.C. for many years, working for the government. Coming off the heels of President Richard Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China, the Chinese government donated two giant pandas, Ling-Ling (female) and Hsing-Hsing (male), to the official United States delegation. First Lady Pat Nixon donated the pandas to the zoo, where she welcomed them in an April 1972 ceremony. The first giant pandas in America, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing were among the most popular animals at the zoo. Ling-Ling died in 1992 and Hsing-Hsing in 1999. Although Ling Ling and Hsing Hsing had five", "Title: Pandan cake Content: Pandan cake Pandan cake is a light, fluffy, green-colored sponge cake of Southeast Asian origin, flavoured with the juice of \"Pandanus amaryllifolius\" leaves. It is also known as pandan chiffon. The cake is popular in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, China, and also the Netherlands, especially among Indo community, due to its historical colonial ties with Indonesia. In 2017, CNN named pandan cake as the national cake of Malaysia and Singapore, one of favorite cakes from around the world. The cake shares common ingredients with other cakes, which includes flour, eggs, butter or margarine,", "Title: Panda diplomacy Content: of a World Wildlife Fund lawsuit, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service allows a U.S. zoo to import a panda only if the zoo can ensure that China will channel more than half of its loan fee into conservation efforts for wild pandas and their habitat. Pandas have become important diplomatic symbols, not only to China. In a visit by Hu Jintao to Japan in May 2008, China announced the loan of two pandas to Japan. The President was quoted as saying \"Giant pandas are very popular among the Japanese, and they are a symbol of the friendly ties between", "Title: Panda diplomacy Content: to visiting dignitaries. Those who have received Mongolia's horses as a gift from its government include the President of South Korea Park Geun-hye, Vice President of India Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, and the United States Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel. Presenting animals as gifts to dignitaries is an ongoing ritual that dates back centuries. \"The Song of Roland\" demonstrates how common this practice was in that even this poem, so focused on scenes of battle, bravery, and chivalry made space to describe the allure and temptation of owning exotic animals. Panda diplomacy Panda diplomacy is", "Title: Giant panda Content: politically charged names Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan (from \"tuanyuan\", meaning \"reunion\", i.e. \"reunification\"). PRC's offer was initially rejected by Chen Shui-bian, then President of Taiwan. However, when Ma Ying-jeou assumed the presidency in 2008, the offer was accepted, and the pandas arrived in December of that year. Microbes in panda waste are being investigated for their use in creating biofuels from bamboo and other plant materials. The giant panda is a vulnerable species, threatened by continued habitat loss and habitat fragmentation, and by a very low birthrate, both in the wild and in captivity. Its range is currently confined", "Title: Sichuan Content: southeast, Yunnan to the south, and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west. Giant Pandas live in bamboo forests, and low mountainous areas such as the Minshan Mountains in Sichuan. The majority of the panda population lives in Sichuan, with their range spreading into Shaanxi and Gansu. As it is abundant where they live, pandas diet consists of 99% Bamboo, with small other plants, or small animals consisting of the other 1%. Since the panda is native to China, it is the national symbol of China. The politics of Sichuan is structured in a dual party-government system like all other" ]

[ "China" ]

[ "Title: OPEC Content: OPEC The Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, ) is an intergovernmental organisation of nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria. the 15 countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's \"proven\" oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so called \"Seven Sisters” grouping of multinational oil companies. The stated mission of the organisation is to \"coordinate and unify the petroleum policies", "Title: OPEC Content: of its member countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets, in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.\" The organization is also a significant provider of information about the international oil market. Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia (the de facto leader), United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Indonesia is a former member, and Qatar will no longer be a member of OPEC", "Title: OPEC Content: 81.5 percent of the world's \"proven\" oil reserves, including 48 percent from just the six Middle Eastern members:. Approval of a new member country requires agreement by three-quarters of OPEC's existing members, including all five of the founders. In October 2015, Sudan formally submitted an application to join, but it is not yet a member. Qatar intends to leave OPEC on 1 January 2019. For countries that export petroleum at relatively low volume, their limited negotiating power as OPEC members would not necessarily justify the burdens imposed by OPEC production quotas and membership costs. Ecuador withdrew from OPEC in December", "Title: OPEC Content: a neutral location, and so the organization chose Geneva, Switzerland. On 1 September 1965, OPEC moved to Vienna, Austria, after Switzerland declined to extend diplomatic privileges. During 1961–1975, the five founding nations were joined by Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962–2008, rejoined 2014-2016), Libya (1962), United Arab Emirates (originally just the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, 1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973–1992, rejoined 2007), and Gabon (1975–1994, rejoined 2016). By the early 1970s, OPEC's membership accounted for more than half of worldwide oil production. Indicating that OPEC is not averse to further expansion, Mohammed Barkindo, OPEC's Acting Secretary General in 2006, urged", "Title: OPEC Content: of \"the top 100 most influential people in the shipping industry\". However, the influence of OPEC on international trade is periodically challenged by the expansion of non-OPEC energy sources, and by the recurring temptation for individual OPEC countries to exceed production targets and pursue conflicting self-interests. As of June 2018, OPEC has 15 member countries: six in the Middle East (Western Asia), seven in Africa, and two in South America. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), OPEC's combined rate of oil production (including gas condensate) represented 44 percent of the world's total in 2016, and OPEC accounted for", "Title: OPEC Content: location, and other legal requirements. The OPEC Reference Basket of Crudes has been an important benchmark for oil prices since 2000. It is calculated as a weighted average of prices for petroleum blends from the OPEC member countries: Saharan Blend (Algeria), Girassol (Angola), Oriente (Ecuador), Rabi Light (Gabon), Iran Heavy (Islamic Republic of Iran), Basra Light (Iraq), Kuwait Export (Kuwait), Es Sider (Libya), Bonny Light (Nigeria), Qatar Marine (Qatar), Arab Light (Saudi Arabia), Murban (UAE), and Merey (Venezuela). North Sea Brent Crude Oil is the leading benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils, and is used to price approximately two-thirds of", "Title: Megacorpstate Content: member nations and to decrease the oil market volatility. As of May 2017, the organization consists of 14 countries which earn the majority of their income through oil revenues: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (the dominant exporter), United Arab Emirates, Venezuela. According to OPEC, membership is open to any nation that has substantial oil resource and observes the same principles as the organization, subject to approval by the member governments. OPEC holds meetings with its members at least twice per year. During these meetings, the members usually examine market conditions and", "Title: OECD Content: OECD The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , \"\") is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 36 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common problems, identify good practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. Most OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. As of 2017, the OECD member states collectively comprised 62.2%", "Title: Peak oil Content: oil that it did in 1981. OPEC is an alliance among 14 diverse oil-producing countries (as of May 2017: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela) to manage the supply of oil. OPEC's power was consolidated in the 1960s and 1970s as various countries nationalized their oil holdings, and wrested decision-making away from the \"Seven Sisters\" (Anglo-Iranian, Socony, Royal Dutch Shell, Gulf, Esso, Texaco, Socal), and created their own oil companies to control the oil. OPEC often tries to influence prices by restricting production. It does this by allocating", "Title: OECD Development Centre Content: of development. The Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was established in 1961 and ‌comprises 52 countries, of which 27 are OECD members: Belgium, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. In addition, 25 non-OECD countries are full members of the Development Centre: Brazil (since March 1994); India (February 2001); Romania (October 2004); Thailand (March 2005); South Africa (May 2006); Egypt and Viet Nam (March 2008); Colombia (July 2008); Indonesia" ]

[ "fourteen", "14" ]

[ "Title: Jeep Cherokee Content: Jeep Cherokee The Jeep Cherokee is a line of American vehicles sold by Jeep under various vehicle classes. Originally sold as a variant of the popular Jeep Wagoneer, the Cherokee has evolved from a full-size SUV to one of the first compact SUVs and eventually into its current incarnation as a crossover SUV. The nameplate has been in continuous use in some form since 1974 and also spawned Jeep's most successful vehicle, the Jeep Grand Cherokee, which was originally slated to be part of the Cherokee's lineup. The vehicle is named after the Cherokee tribe of Native Americans. The Cherokee", "Title: Jeep Content: Jeep Jeep is a brand of American automobiles that is a division of FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group, LLC), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Italian-American corporation Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. Jeep has been a part of Chrysler since 1987, when Chrysler acquired the Jeep brand, along with remaining assets, from its previous owner: American Motors Corporation (AMC). Jeep's current product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles and off-road vehicles, but has also included pickup trucks and roadsters in the past; Jeep will return to the pickup truck market in early 2019. Some of Jeep's vehicles—such as the Grand", "Title: Jeep Cherokee Content: such a sales success that FCA discontinued the slow-selling Dodge Dart and Chrysler 200 (both mechanically similar to the Cherokee) in order to increase production capacity for the Cherokee to meet demand. For 2019 the front end is to be updated to a more conservative style. Jeep Cherokee The Jeep Cherokee is a line of American vehicles sold by Jeep under various vehicle classes. Originally sold as a variant of the popular Jeep Wagoneer, the Cherokee has evolved from a full-size SUV to one of the first compact SUVs and eventually into its current incarnation as a crossover SUV. The", "Title: Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Content: brand ambassadors. 2016 marked the 75th anniversary of Jeep, and the Jeep Compass and Jeep Patriot had their last model year while a refreshed Jeep Cherokee was introduced. In 2017, the Jeep Renegade was refreshed. In 2018, a new Jeep Wrangler is being launched, as well as a new Grand Cherokee. Later, a luxury Grand Wagoneer SUV model will be launched to compete with the likes of Mercedes-Benz G-Class and Range Rover. In 2014, a ProMaster van was launched, along with the smaller ProMaster City, derived from Fiat Ducato and Fiat Doblò respectively. In 2017, a new Ram 1500 will", "Title: Jeep Cherokee Content: Cherokee, itself starting a successive line of vehicles as Jeep's flagship vehicle. The third generation, marketed as the Jeep Liberty in North America to differentiate it from the Grand Cherokee, was introduced in April 2001 for the 2002 model year. The Cherokee was priced between the Wrangler and Grand Cherokee. It remained the smallest of the 4-door Jeep SUVs up until the crossover-based 4-door Compass and Patriot arrived for 2007. The Cherokee featured unibody-construction. It was assembled at the Toledo North Assembly Plant in the United States, as well as in other countries including Egypt and Venezuela. It was the", "Title: Jeep Content: AMC. This joint venture is now part of DaimlerChrysler and DaimlerChrysler China Invest Corporation. The original 1984 XJ model was updated and called the \"Jeep 2500\" toward the end of its production that ended after 2005. While Jeeps have been built in India under licence by Mahindra & Mahindra since the 1960s, Jeep has entered the Indian market directly in 2016, starting with release of the Wrangler and Grand Cherokee in the country. The CJ (for \"Civilian Jeep\") series were literally the first \"Jeep\" branded vehicles produced for the civilian public, beginning in 1945 with the CJ-2A, followed by the", "Title: Jeep Content: ingenuity and cocky, can-do determination.\" The Jeep marque has been headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, ever since Willys-Overland launched production of the first CJ or Civilian Jeep branded models there in 1945. Its replacement, the conceptually consistent Jeep Wrangler series, remains in production since 1986. With its solid axles and open top, the Wrangler has been called the Jeep model that is as central to the brand’s identity as the rear-engined 911 is to Porsche. At least two Jeep models (the CJ-5 and the SJ Wagoneer) enjoyed extraordinary three-decade production runs of a single body generation. Jeeps have since the war", "Title: Jeep Cherokee Content: to make room for the Jeep Renegade below the Cherokee and Compass. It was introduced for the 2014 model year at the 2013 New York International Auto Show and the sales started in November 2013. The Cherokee is the first Jeep vehicle to be built on the Fiat Compact/Compact U.S. Wide platform, co-developed by Chrysler and Fiat. The Jeep Cherokee is built at Belvidere Assembly Plant in Belvidere, Illinois. The Cherokee has a highway fuel economy rating of and a 45% better fuel economy rating than the Liberty/Cherokee it replaced. Despite its controversial front-end styling, the fifth-generation Cherokee would become", "Title: Jeep Content: Cherokee—reach into the luxury SUV segment, a market segment the Wagoneer is considered to have created. Jeep sold 1.4 million SUVs globally in 2016, up from 500,000 in 2008, two-thirds of which in North America, and was Fiat-Chrysler's best selling brand in the U.S. during the first half of 2017. In the U.S. alone, over 2400 dealerships hold franchise rights to sell Jeep-branded vehicles, and if Jeep were spun off into a separate company, it is estimated to be worth between $22 and $33.5 billion—slightly \"more\" than all of FCA (US). Prior to 1940 the term \"jeep\" had been used", "Title: Jeep Content: as U.S. Army slang for new recruits or vehicles, but the World War II \"jeep\" that went into production in 1941 specifically tied the name to this light military 4x4, arguably making them the oldest four-wheel drive mass-production vehicles now known as SUVs. The Jeep became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Army and the Allies during World War II, as well as the postwar period. The term became common worldwide in the wake of the war. Doug Stewart noted: \"The spartan, cramped, and unstintingly functional jeep became the ubiquitous World War II four-wheeled personification of Yankee" ]

[ "sport utility vehicles", "light utility vehicles", "off - road vehicles" ]

[ "Title: Deion Sanders Content: base salary and a nearly $13 million signing bonus in an attempt to circumvent the NFL's salary cap. This caused the NFL to institute its own 'Deion Sanders rule' whereby a prorated portion of a player's signing bonus counted against the salary cap. Sanders became known for sporting a \"do-rag\" or bandana and for his high-stepping into the end zone followed by his touchdown dance celebrations. At the end of his Hall of Fame speech, he put a bandana on his bust. His \"Prime Time\" nickname was given to him by a friend and high-school teammate, Florida Gators defensive back", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: 49ers and XXX with the Cowboys, winning both. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2011. Following the conclusion of his athletic career, Sanders currently works as an analyst for CBS Sports and the NFL Network. He is also the offensive coordinator at Trinity Christian-Cedar Hill high school, which his sons attend. Sanders founded the Prime Prep Academy charter school in 2012 where he coached until the school closed in 2015 due to financial insolvency. Additionally, he stars in the show \"Deion Family Playbook\" which debuted in 2014. Sanders was born in Fort Myers, Florida. He", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: Deion Sanders Deion Lin Sanders Sr. (; born August 9, 1967), nicknamed \"Primetime\", is an American athlete and sports analyst who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons. During his football career, he was a member of the Atlanta Falcons, the San Francisco 49ers, the Dallas Cowboys, the Washington Redskins, and the Baltimore Ravens. He also had a part-time career as a baseball outfielder for nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), where he played professionally for the New York Yankees, the Atlanta Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the San Francisco Giants. Sanders won two Super Bowl", "Title: Barry Sanders Content: game that is not included in the official NCAA season statistics. Sanders learned of his Heisman Trophy win while he was with the team in Tokyo, Japan preparing to face Texas Tech in the Coca-Cola Classic. He chose to leave Oklahoma State before his senior season to enter the NFL draft. Sanders set 34 NCAA Division I FBS records in his college career, and still holds the following records: The Detroit Lions selected Sanders with the 3rd overall pick in the 1989 Draft, thanks to the endorsement of then-coach Wayne Fontes. The Lions' management considered drafting another Sanders, cornerback Deion", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: an episode of \"Tiny House Nation\" that first aired on January 21, 2017. In addition to his sports career, Sanders also had a career in music as a rapper. He released his debut album, \"Prime Time\", through Hammer's Bust It Records label via Capitol Records, in 1994. Sanders moved on to other ventures after his retirement. In 2003, Sanders took interest in Devin Hester, a return specialist from Miami. Sanders mentored Hester, counseling and advising him during various points of his collegiate career. The Chicago Bears drafted Hester in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Since then, Hester", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: titles and made one World Series appearance in 1992, making him the only individual to appear in both a Super Bowl and a World Series. Sanders attended Florida State University, where he was recognized as a two-time All-American in football, and also played baseball and ran track. He was drafted by the Falcons in the first round of the 1989 NFL Draft and played football primarily at cornerback, but also as a kick returner, punt returner, and occasionally wide receiver. During his career, he was named to nine Pro Bowls and made consecutive Super Bowl appearances in XXIX with the", "Title: Deion Jones Content: 2018. Jones' father named him after hall of fame Atlanta Falcons' cornerback Deion Sanders. He began being known as \"War Daddy\" during his stint at LSU. Deion Jones Deion Jones (born November 4, 1994) is an American football linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Louisiana State University (LSU). Jones attended Jesuit High School in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he was a three-year starter at middle linebacker. As a senior, he had 179 tackles, eight sacks, and three interceptions, helping Jesuit to the LHSAA Class 5A quarterfinals, where the Blue Jays", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: back-to-back Super Bowls, and because of his friendship with Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin. Arthroscopic surgery kept him sidelined until his debut in Week 9, which was once again in Atlanta against the Falcons; the Cowboys won, 28-13. He went on to help the Cowboys win their third title in four years in Super Bowl XXX against the Pittsburgh Steelers, where he returned a punt for 11 yards and caught a 47-yard reception on offense, setting up Dallas' first touchdown of the game and a 27–17 victory. Sanders played four more seasons with Dallas, earning Pro Bowl selection in all", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: also a standout punt returner for Florida State, leading the nation in 1988 with his punt return average, and breaking the school's record for career punt return yards. Sanders made an interception with 5 seconds left to seal Florida State's 13-7 win over Auburn in the 1989 Sugar Bowl, during the 1988 postseason. Based on those accolades, his jersey at Florida State, #2, was retired in 1995. He finished his career with 126 punt returns for 1,429 yards. Bowden would later state that Sanders was his \"measuring stick for athletic ability\". While playing baseball under head coach Mike Martin at", "Title: Deion Sanders Content: of them. On June 2, 2000, he was released in a salary cap move. Soon after being released by the Cowboys, the Washington Redskins and Daniel Snyder signed Sanders to a hefty $56 million, 7-year contract. At the end of the 2000 season and an above-average statistical year, Sanders abruptly retired after only playing one year with the Redskins. In 2004, Sanders announced that he was going to end his retirement, after being lured back to football by Ravens cornerback Corey Fuller, linebacker Ray Lewis and best friend Joe Zorovich. A major reason for doing so was to play with" ]

[ "Cornerback" ]

[ "Title: Manchester United F.C. Content: Manchester United F.C. Manchester United Football Club, commonly known as Man United, or simply United, is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed \"the Red Devils\", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910. Manchester United have won more trophies than any other club in English football, with a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a", "Title: Old Trafford Content: Old Trafford Old Trafford is a football stadium in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, and the home of Manchester United. With a capacity of 74,994, it is the largest club football stadium (and second largest football stadium overall after Wembley Stadium) in the United Kingdom, and the eleventh-largest in Europe. It is about from Old Trafford Cricket Ground and the adjacent tram stop. Nicknamed \"The Theatre of Dreams\" by Bobby Charlton, Old Trafford has been United's home ground since 1910, although from 1941 to 1949 the club shared Maine Road with local rivals Manchester City as a result of Second", "Title: Old Trafford Content: one timber-built platform immediately adjacent to the stadium and this opened on 21 August 1935. It was initially named United Football Ground, but was renamed Old Trafford Football Ground in early 1936. It was served on match days only by a shuttle service of steam trains from Manchester Central railway station. It is currently known as Manchester United Football Ground. Construction was carried out by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester and development was completed in late 1909. The stadium hosted its inaugural game on 19 February 1910, with United playing host to Liverpool. However, the home side were unable", "Title: Moss Lane Content: Moss Lane Moss Lane (known as the J. Davidson Stadium for sponsorship reasons) is a multi-purpose stadium in Altrincham, Greater Manchester, England. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Altrincham. The stadium also hosts games for Manchester United F.C.'s under 17s side, and women's development team, as well as serving as a backup home venue for Manchester United W.F.C.. The stadium comprises two all-seater stands on one side with a combined capacity of 1,323 spectators and terraces on the other three sides, giving a total capacity of 6,085. Chorley Borough RLFC moved to", "Title: Manchester Content: Islamic High School for Girls, and The King David High School) while three managed 25% or below (Plant Hill Arts College, North Manchester High School for Boys, Brookway High School and Sports College). Manchester is well known for being a city of sport. Two decorated Premier League football clubs bear the city name – Manchester United and Manchester City. Although Manchester United play its home games at Old Trafford, in the neighbouring Greater Manchester borough of Trafford, the largest club football ground in the United Kingdom. Manchester City's home ground is the City of Manchester Stadium (also known as the", "Title: Manchester United F.C. Content: Manchester United, following the purchase of land for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of £30,000 for construction; original plans called for seating capacity of 100,000, though budget constraints forced a revision to 77,000. The building was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester. The stadium's record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939, when an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Grimsby Town drew 76,962 spectators. Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium; the central tunnel in the South Stand was all that remained of that quarter. After the war,", "Title: Bank Street (football ground) Content: Bank Street (football ground) Bank Street, also known as Bank Lane, was a multi-purpose stadium in Clayton, Manchester, England. It was mostly used for football matches and was the second home ground of Manchester United Football Club (then known as Newton Heath Football Club), after North Road, which they left in 1893. The stadium had a capacity of around 50,000, but the club moved to Old Trafford in 1910 because club owner John Henry Davies believed he could not sufficiently expand the ground. The stadium was in poor repair towards the end of its life and, shortly after the club", "Title: Salford Quays Content: of 2013, the exhibition is dedicated to Medicine Through Time. The museum also currently has a large artefact from the New York 9/11 Twin Tower disaster. Manchester United are a Premier League football club based in the Old Trafford section of the Quays. Their stadium Old Trafford stands with a capacity of 74,994, it is the largest club football stadium (and second largest football stadium overall after Wembley Stadium) in the United Kingdom. Manchester United are known for their working class vocal supporters and originally drew large amounts of their support from the dockers that worked on the former Manchester", "Title: Sport in Manchester Content: Sport in Manchester Manchester City and Manchester United are popular Premier League football clubs in Manchester, United's ground is in Old Trafford, and fixtures between the clubs are referred to as the Manchester Derby. Manchester United are the most successful football club in England with 66 elite honours won (Including three European Cups) and Manchester City are ranked seventh in England by the number of elite honours won with a total of 21. Manchester has hosted every major domestic, continental and international football competition, including the World Cup in 1966, the European Championship in 1996, Olympic Football in 2012, the", "Title: Sport in Manchester Content: Centre Two Premier League football clubs, Manchester United and Manchester City , bear the city's name. Manchester City's home ground, the City of Manchester Stadium, is two miles outside Manchester city centre in east Manchester and Manchester United’s, Old Trafford, the largest club football ground in the United Kingdom, on the west side two miles from the city centre. Both City and United, as of 2001, had a highly localised fanbase with the majority of season ticket holding fans in the outer postal areas (BL, OL, SK, and WA) of Greater Manchester and within other counties of the North-west Only" ]

[ "Old Trafford" ]

[ "Title: The Young Black Stallion Content: nominated in 2004 for the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role. The film is Disney’s first production made specifically for IMAX theaters, and a prequel to the 1979 film \"The Black Stallion\", which film won an Academy Award and received nominations. The film was originally scheduled for release in fall 2002, then was postponed until September 2003, before debuting in select IMAX theaters in the United States on December 25, 2003. The film follows the adventures of Shetan, a young black Arabian colt. After a band of robbers separates a young Arabian girl named Neera ()", "Title: The Black Stallion (film) Content: Score at the Golden Globe Awards. He later won the award in this category for his score of \"Apocalypse Now.\" Caleb Deschanel was nominated for Best Cinematography by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. The film received two awards from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards for Best Cinematography (Caleb Deschanel) and Best Music (Carmine Coppola). The film also won the 1979 National Society of Film Critics award for Best Cinematography. In 2002, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically", "Title: The Black Stallion Returns Content: The Black Stallion Returns The Black Stallion Returns is a 1983 film adaptation of the book of the same name by Walter Farley, and is a sequel to \"The Black Stallion\". It is directed by Robert Dalva and produced by Francis Ford Coppola for MGM/UA Entertainment Company. The movie stars Kelly Reno, Vincent Spano and Teri Garr. The portrayal of The Black was shared between Cass Ole, the horse from \"The Black Stallion\", and El Mokhtar. The story begins with several odd occurrences at the farm where the Black, Alec (Kelly Reno), and his mother (Teri Garr) live. A suspicious", "Title: Kristen Vigard Content: debut alongside Henry Fonda in the 1978 TV movie \"Home to Stay\". In 1980, Vigard was cast as Morgan Richards on the daytime soap opera \"Guiding Light\". That same year, she appeared on the cover of \"People\" as one of the \"Torrid Teens on the Soaps\". She remained on the show for two years. Vigard made her film debut in the 1979 film, \"The Black Stallion\". In 1983, she appeared in her first major screen role alongside Robin Williams, playing Walter Matthau's daughter in \"The Survivors\". Although the film itself was panned by critics, \"People\" magazine described Vigard's performance as", "Title: The Black Stallion (film) Content: The Black Stallion (film) The Black Stallion is a 1979 American adventure film based on the 1941 classic children's novel \"The Black Stallion\" by Walter Farley. But the film starts in 1946, five years after the book was published. It tells the story of Alec Ramsey, who is shipwrecked on a deserted island with a wild Arabian stallion whom he befriends. After being rescued, they are set on entering a race challenging two champion horses. The film is adapted by Melissa Mathison, Jeanne Rosenberg and William D. Wittliff. It is directed by Carroll Ballard. The movie stars Kelly Reno, Teri", "Title: Margaret Mann Content: Margaret Mann Margaret Mann (4 April 1868, in Aberdeen, Scotland – 4 February 1941, in Los Angeles, California), was a Scottish-American actress. Margaret Mann starred in a number of major silent films such as \"Black Beauty\" in 1921 and played the lead role in John Fords 1928 drama \"Four Sons\", one of John Wayne's first films. She often played kind-hearted or suffering motherly roles. With the advent of sound films her roles got noticeable smaller and she was often uncredited. She portrayed the kindly grandmother Mrs. Mack in two \"Our Gang\" comedies in 1931. She also played bit parts in", "Title: The Adventures of the Black Stallion Content: The Adventures of the Black Stallion The Adventures of the Black Stallion is a French New Zealand and Canadian-produced television series that starred Mickey Rooney and Richard Ian Cox, as a trainer and a teenaged horse racer and was loosely based on the book series by Walter Farley. The series originally ran on The Family Channel and YTV from September 15, 1990 to May 16, 1993, before cancellation. It has since been shown in re-runs throughout the world. Mickey Rooney is the only original cast member from \"The Black Stallion\" to reprise his role in the show. In France, the", "Title: The Young Black Stallion Content: The Young Black Stallion The Young Black Stallion is a 2003 made-for-IMAX family film from Walt Disney Pictures. Directed by Simon Wincer, the film is based on the 1989 novel of the same name by \"Black Stallion\" creator Walter Farley and his son Steven Farley. Noted for its beautiful scenery and wide-angle shots, the 50-minute film was shot on-location in the deserts of Namibia and South Africa. The film stars as Neera, a young girl who befriends a young black stallion, and Patrick Elyas as Aden, although his voice was dubbed by Eric Grucza, who, for his uncredited performance was", "Title: Darlene Cates Content: Darlene Cates Darlene Cates (born Rita Darlene Guthrie; December 13, 1947 – March 26, 2017) was an American actress. She was best known for her role in the 1993 film \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", in which she played the title character's housebound mother. Author and screenwriter Peter Hedges saw a tape of Cates on a 1992 episode of \"Sally\" entitled \"Too Heavy to Leave Their House\". On the show, she discussed her battle with obesity and how it had affected her life. In 1986, pelvic infections caused by her excess weight kept her bedridden for two years, during which she", "Title: Marcia Gay Harden Content: have won the profession's three highest honors: the Academy Award (film), the Tony Award (stage), and the Emmy Award (television). In 2009, Harden co-starred with Ellen Page and Drew Barrymore in \"Whip It\", which proved a critical success. Harden also played in the comedy \"The Maiden Heist\" (2009) with Christopher Walken and Morgan Freeman. In 2013, Harden reunited with her former Broadway co-star Jeff Daniels as a new cast member on HBO's series \"The Newsroom\". From 2015 to 2018, she played Christian Grey's mother, Grace Trevelyan Grey, in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series. Also in 2015, she began a starring" ]

[ "Teri Garr" ]

[ "Title: Solange Knowles Content: husband, Alan Ferguson. During the 2017 Roots Picnic Festival in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Knowles performed a rendition of the sing-along from \"The Proud Family\", the television series whose theme song she was featured on in 2001. In December 2017, Solange directed the video of The Weekend by SZA (singer). On October 15, 2018, it was announced by Knowles that she would be releasing her fourth studio album this Fall during an interview with New York Times Style Magazine. Knowles cites as her influences Motown girl groups such as The Supremes and The Marvelettes, and Martha Reeves, lead singer of Martha and", "Title: Solange Knowles Content: Managed by her father Mathew, Knowles first ventured into the music business in 2001 as the lead singer, backed by Destiny's Child, on the title theme song for the animated television series \"The Proud Family\". She also was a featured performer on \"Hey Goldmember\" for the soundtrack to the 2002 film \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\", as well as a backup singer on the track \"Little Drummer Boy\" on Destiny's Child's 2001 holiday album \"8 Days of Christmas\". In 2002, she was featured on Lil Romeo's second studio album \"Game Time\", singing portions of Luther Vandross-penned \"So Amazing\" on the single", "Title: The Proud Family Content: The Proud Family The Proud Family is an American animated sitcom that ran on Disney Channel from September 15, 2001 to August 19, 2005. \"The Proud Family\" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in September 2001. An original pilot was made and produced by Nickelodeon in 1999 but was never shown to the public resulting in Nickelodeon passing the show on. Many of the later episodes of \"The Proud", "Title: Paula Jai Parker Content: Paula Jai Parker Paula Jai Parker (born August 19, 1969) is an American actress, comedian, director and singer-songwriter. She has had number of supporting roles in films, including \"Friday\" (1995), \"Sprung\" (1997), \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\" (1998), \"Phone Booth\" (2002), \"Hustle & Flow\" (2005), and \"Idlewild\" (2006). Parker is also known for her voice of Trudy Proud in the Disney Channel animated comedy series, \"The Proud Family\" (2001-2005). Parker was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, but moved to Washington, D.C. in 1987 to study at Howard University. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree, she moved", "Title: The Proud Family Movie Content: 19, 2005 and was released on VHS and DVD December 6, 2005 with an extended ending. The film re-aired again on Disney Channel on May 28, 2016, as part of Disney Channel's 100 DCOM Marathon to celebrate the 100th film, \"Adventures in Babysitting\". The Proud Family Movie The Proud Family Movie is a Disney Channel Original Movie which premiered on August 19, 2005. The film served as the series finale for the Disney Channel animated series, \"The Proud Family\". The film opens with a man named Dr. Carver, the great-great-grandson of George Washington Carver, trying to generate a super 'Gnome", "Title: Frank Fitzpatrick Content: Fitzpatrick has created the soundtracks for over two-dozen films including: Disney's teen hit \"Jump In!\", the animated \"The Proud Family Movie\", Anne Rice penned \"Queen of the Damned\", David Zucker's box-office record breaking \"Scary Movie 3\", the Bill Gates–Steve Jobs' docudrama \"Pirates of Silicon Valley\", George Harrison's British comedy \"Nuns on the Run\", Miramax's \"In Too Deep\", and Ice Cube's & Chris Tucker's Hip Hop classic \"Friday\". In 2010, Fitzpatrick's song \"Soul Music\", performed by Anthony Hamilton, was the title track for the motion picture \"Soul Men\" (Samuel L. Jackson, Bernie Mac and Sharon Leal). Fitzpatrick recorded the original score", "Title: Wayne Shanklin Content: as well as by Herman's Hermits in 1967. Shanklin's son Windsor and his band Jaz Dyin recorded a cover of \"Jezebel\" in 1983. \"Primrose Lane\" was used as the theme song for the 1971-72 sitcom \"The Smith Family\", sung by Mike Minor. Shanklin's songs were used in several recent films: \"Primrose Lane\" on the soundtrack of \"Primary Colors\" (1998) starring John Travolta and \"Chanson D'Amour\" on the soundtrack of Stanley Kubrick's final film \"Eyes Wide Shut\" (1999). Anna Calvi covered \"Jezebel\" which was released on Domino Records on October 11, 2010. Wayne Shanklin Wayne Shanklin was an American singer, songwriter", "Title: The Proud Family Movie Content: driving through town advertising his new drink Pork-Nut-o-Rade, but Puff drank it back home earlier, turning him into a large and rampaging monster. He chases them around the world up to China, until Suga Mama, who also drank the concoction, takes him home. The score to the film was composed by Elika Alvarez, Frank Fitzpatrick and Freddy Sheinfel. The film features new songs written by Frank Fitzpatrick, Jorge Corante, Robyn Johnson, Stephen Anderson and Jayne Houston, along with covers of calypso songs. The songs featured in the film are: \"The Proud Family Movie\" was shown on Disney Channel on August", "Title: Video (song) Content: \"The Proud Family\" (\"Makeover\"), when Penny is giving a make-over to one of the Gross sisters. Yaseen khan Video (song) \"Video\" is the first single released by American singer-songwriter India.Arie from her album \"Acoustic Soul\". This song is her most successful one to date on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 2002, \"Video\" was nominated for four Grammy Awards: \"Record of the Year\", \"Song of the Year\", \"Best Female R&B Vocal Performance\" and \"Best R&B song\". The song also contains a sample of \"Fun\" by Brick and a sample of \"Top Billin'\" by Audio Two. The song is heard in the", "Title: The Proud Family Content: a minigame. Aside from Penny and her parents, other characters from the series also appear in the game, including Penny's friends and Suga Mama. GameDaily and GameZone both rated the game 8 out of 10. The Proud Family The Proud Family is an American animated sitcom that ran on Disney Channel from September 15, 2001 to August 19, 2005. \"The Proud Family\" was created by Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Bruce W. Smith and was produced by Jambalaya Studios. Originally piloted for Disney's One Saturday Morning, then Nickelodeon, it was eventually picked up by Disney Channel and started airing in" ]

[ "Solange Knowles", "Destiny 's Child" ]

[ "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: Can't Get You Out of My Head \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled \"Fever,\" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a midtempo dance song", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: 2009). (2nd ed.) Can't Get You Out of My Head \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled \"Fever,\" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: online messageboards alight.\" \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was chosen as the lead single from Minogue's eighth studio album, \"Fever,\" and it was released on 8 September 2001 by Parlophone in Australia, while in the United Kingdom and other European countries it was released on 17 September. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis. Dennis and Davis had been brought together by British artist manager Simon Fuller, who wanted the duo to come up with a song for British pop group S Club 7. The song", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: was recorded using Cubase music software, which Davis ran on his Mac computer. Davis began playing an acoustic guitar and ran a 125 beats per minute drum loop, on which Dennis, herself a singer who had enjoyed chart success in the United States, began singing the line \"I just can't get you out of my head\" in the key of D minor. After three and a half hours, the demo was recorded and the vocals were laid afterwards. Dennis called their recording setup for the song, \"the most primitive set-up you could imagine! Different producers work in different ways. But", "Title: Cathy Dennis Content: Kinda Girl?\", was more in keeping with the Britpop sound of bands such as Blur and performers such as Stephen Duffy, and featured collaborations with Guy Chambers of The Lemon Trees and Andy Partridge of XTC. In 2001, Kylie Minogue had a worldwide hit with the Dennis and Rob Davis penned song \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". The following year Dennis won the Best Dance Recording Grammy for writing \"Come into My World\". She followed that up with Britney Spears's hit song \"Toxic\" which also won the Grammy for Best Dance Recording. Dennis had a string of hits", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: which combines the genres of synth-pop and nu-disco, which lyrically details its narrator's obsession towards her lover. The song is famous for its \"la la la\" hook. In addition to acclaim from music critics, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" found commercial success on a large scale. It peaked at number one on the charts of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and every other European country excluding Finland. It also topped the charts of Minogue's native Australia as well as New Zealand. In the United States, the song peaked at number seven on the", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: for \"Single of the Year.\" In the same year, Dennis and Davis won three awards at the 47th Ivor Novello Awards for their composition of the song; they won the awards \"The Ivors Dance Award,\" \"Most Performed Work,\" and \"International Hit of the Year.\" At the inaugural Premios Oye! in 2002, the song received a nomination in the category of \"Song of the Year.\" In the 2007 episode of \"The Simpsons,\" \"Homerazzi\", the track is heard playing in a celebrity-packed nightclub into which Homer storms. The track is also heard in the films \"\", \"Hey Good Looking!\", \"Holy Motors\", and", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, becoming Minogue's biggest hit in the region since \"The Loco-Motion\". \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" reportedly reached number one in 40 countries across the globe. It was certified triple-platinum in Australia, double-platinum in the United Kingdom, and gold in the United States. It became Minogue's first single to sell in excess of one million copies in the United Kingdom, where it also stands as the 28th best-selling single of the millennium. As of 2013, the song was Minogue's highest selling single and one of the best-selling singles of all time, with worldwide sales", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: singer-songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor also turned down the offer to record it. Davis then met with Minogue's A&R executive, Jamie Nelson. After hearing the demo cassette of the song, Nelson booked it for Minogue to record later that year. Nelson was impressed by the \"vibe\" of the song and felt it would please the \"danceheads.\" Although Davis was initially under the impression that the recording deal would be called off later, Minogue became enthusiastic to record the song after hearing 20 seconds of the demo. The whole song, including Minogue's vocals, were recorded at Davis's home studio in Surrey. The music,", "Title: Can't Get You Out of My Head Content: range spans from C to D. Minogue chants a \"la la la\" hook in the song, which is often heralded as its most appealing part. BBC Radio 2 noted that the composition of the song is \"deceptively simple, but its veins run with the whole history of electronic music.\" They described the song's bassline as \"pulsing,\" and recognised influences of English rock band New Order and German electronic music band Kraftwerk. The song does not follow the common verse-chorus structure and is instead composed of numerous \"misplaced sections.\" Dennis reasoned that these sections \"somehow work together\" as she and Davis" ]

[ "Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis", "Cathy Dennis", "Rob Davis" ]

[ "Title: The Vampire Diaries (season 2) Content: role as Tyler's uncle Mason, a werewolf who comes to town after his brother dies. Katherine sends Mason to Mystic Falls to get the moonstone for her. He succeeds, but Damon and Stefan find out that he works with Katherine, and Damon kills him. Mason has been described as a \"cool\" uncle, sexy and athletic. Lauren Cohan joined the cast as Rose, a 500-year-old vampire and possible love interest for Damon. She kidnaps Elena to hand her over to Elijah, but Elena is saved by Stefan and Damon. She then becomes their ally and even starts a small romantic relationship", "Title: Allison Williams (actress) Content: Forward\", a short film collaboration between David O. Russell and Prada. In 2017, Williams starred in the hit horror film \"Get Out\", directed by Jordan Peele, who became convinced she was right for the role of Rose after seeing her performance in \"Peter Pan Live!\" In 2018, Williams was cast in a recurring role throughout the second and third seasons of the Netflix comedy drama series \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\". Williams began dating Ricky Van Veen, co-founder of CollegeHumor, in 2011. They became engaged in 2014 and married on September 19, 2015 in a private ceremony in Saratoga, Wyoming.", "Title: The Fall (TV series) Content: while Claire Rafferty was cast in a recurring capacity. Ian McElhinney departed the series in episode 1, whilst lead actress Archie Panjabi departed following the series’ penultimate episode. Anderson, Dornan, Lynch, Waugh, Franciosi, Kane, O'Neill, and Morgan all returned as regulars for the third series, alongside new cast members Aisling Bea, Richard Coyle, Barry Ward, Richard Clements, Ruth Bradley, Genevieve O'Reilly, Aidan McArdle, Denise Gough, Martin McCann, Conor MacNeill and Krister Henriksson. Former main cast members Niamh McGrady, Stuart Graham and Bronagh Taggart returned in guest arcs. Cubitt was inspired by guitar manufacturing companies when naming some of his characters;", "Title: Angel (season 2) Content: the episode \"Forever\" to comfort her after he learns her mother died. \"Buffy\" recurring character Harmony Kendall (Mercedes McNab) visits L.A. in the episode \"Disharmony\". Willow (Alyson Hannigan) also appears in the episode in a conversation with Cordelia (Charisma Carpenter) over the phone. Willow comes to L.A. in the season two finale, \"There's No Place Like Plrtz Glrb\" to deliver the news to Angel that Buffy had died. The second season won the International Horror Guild Award for Best Television. It was nominated for five Saturn Awards – Best Network Television Series, Best Actor on Television (David Boreanaz), Best Actress", "Title: The Exes (season 2) Content: and husband Kurt Patino were expecting their first child, due in the fall. TV Land stated that her pregnancy will be written into the show. Guest stars for season two include, Kathleen Rose Perkins as Dr. Carol Thomas, Garcelle Beauvais as Kendra, James Morrison as Mr. Hubner, Holly's boss, Erin Matthews as Joan, Mr. Hubner's wife, Maksim Chmerkovskiy as Don, Janet Varney as Lorna, Stuart's ex-wife, Paula Jai Parker as Amelia, Michael Voltaggio as himself, Dot-Marie Jones, Amanda Detmer as Jill, Holly's sister, Zach Braff as Chuck Feeney, and Todd Stashwick as Grant, Phil's pretentious boss. Guest stars returning from", "Title: Degrassi: The Next Generation (season 2) Content: in two categories at the Young Artist Awards. Four episodes were also nominated at the Awards of Excellence Gala, hosted by the Alliance for Children and Television, what recognize quality Canadian children’s programming. The second season features fifteen actors who receive star billing with all thirteen of them returning from the previous season. Pat Mastroianni is upgraded to a series regular after appearing in the series premiere last season while Jake Epstein is new to the show. Amanda Stepto and Andrea Lewis continue their recurring roles as Christine \"Spike\" Nelson and Hazel Aden and Stacey Farber, Adamo Ruggiero, Melissa DiMarco,", "Title: Li Jun Li Content: same year, she joined the NBC procedural \"Chicago P.D.\" in the fourth season. On July 26, 2017, it was announced by Deadline that Li would join as a series regular in the second season of the Fox television series, \"The Exorcist\" as Rose Cooper. Li Jun Li Li Jun Li is an American actress, best known for her portrayal of Iris Chang in the ABC thriller \"Quantico\" and Rose Cooper in the Fox television series \"The Exorcist\". Li was born in Shanghai, China and moved to New York City in 1992, by way of Bogotá, Colombia, where she spent a", "Title: Isabel Lucas Content: Australian drama-thriller Shooting in Vain, directed by Jared Januscka, which released on 14 June 2018 in Australian and New Zealand theatres. It stars Alexandra Park, Diana Hopper, and Sebastian Gregory. Lucas appeared in the Australian biographical film, \"In Like Flynn\" on 11 October 2018, in which she portrays the character, \"Rose\". In May 2008, Lucas was approached by Steven Spielberg, the executive producer of the Transformers (film series) who cast her into the second sequel of the series, \"Revenge of the Fallen\", which was released on 24 June 2009. This posed as \"a major breakthrough\" in Lucas' career, in which", "Title: Ruby Rose Content: Netflix series \"Orange Is the New Black\" (2015–16). She has also had large roles in the action films \"\" (2016), \"\" (2017) and \"\" (2017) and has co-starred in the musical comedy \"Pitch Perfect 3\" (2017) and the monster film \"The Meg\" (2018). Rose was born in Melbourne, the daughter of Katia Langenheim, a 20-year-old single mother and artist, whom she describes as one of her role models. As a young child, she travelled frequently, living in rural Victoria, Tasmania, and Surfers Paradise before finally settling in Melbourne. As a teenager, she attended University High School and Footscray City College.", "Title: Rebecca De Mornay Content: Then she appeared in the 1995 drama film \"Never Talk to Strangers\" opposite Antonio Banderas, for which she was also the executive producer. In 2003, she guest-starred as primary antagonist in the first two episodes of season 2 of \"Boomtown\". In 2004, she guest-starred as attorney Hannah Rose for the last few episodes of \"The Practice\" and the following year, had a brief role alongside Owen Wilson and Vince Vaughn in \"Wedding Crashers\". De Mornay also starred in the 2007 drama \"American Venus\". In June 2007, she appeared in the HBO series \"John from Cincinnati\" with a starring role as" ]

[ "Valene Kane" ]

[ "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession with the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, \"The Great Gatsby\" explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Roaring Twenties that has been described as", "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: a contender for the title \"Great American Novel.\" In 1998, the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century's best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period. Set on the prosperous Long Island of 1922, \"The Great Gatsby\" provides a critical social history of America during the Roaring Twenties within its fictional narrative. That era, known for widespread economic prosperity, the development of jazz music, flapper culture, new technologies in communication (motion pictures, broadcast radio, recorded music) forging a genuine mass culture, and bootlegging, along with other criminal activity, is plausibly depicted in Fitzgerald's", "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: New York as a bond salesman. He rents a small house on Long Island, in the fictional village of West Egg, next door to the lavish mansion of Jay Gatsby, a mysterious multi-millionaire who holds extravagant parties but does not participate in them. Nick drives around the bay to East Egg for dinner at the home of his cousin, Daisy Fay Buchanan, and her husband, Tom, a college acquaintance of Nick's. They introduce Nick to Jordan Baker, an attractive, cynical young golfer. She reveals to Nick that Tom has a mistress, Myrtle Wilson, who lives in the \"valley of ashes,\"", "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: novel. Fitzgerald uses many of these societal developments of the 1920s to build Gatsby's stories, from many of the simple details like automobiles to broader themes like Fitzgerald's discreet allusions to the organized crime culture which was the source of Gatsby's fortune. Fitzgerald depicts the garish society of the Roaring Twenties by placing the book's plotline within the historical context of the era. Fitzgerald's visits to Long Island's North Shore and his experience attending parties at mansions inspired \"The Great Gatsby\"s setting. Today, there are a number of theories as to which mansion was the inspiration for the book. One", "Title: The Great Gatsby (2013 film) Content: had ever met. Nick's doctor suggests that he write his thoughts down, since writing is Nick's passion... In the summer of 1922, Nick moves from the Midwest to New York after abandoning writing. He rents a small groundskeeper's cottage in the North Shore village of West Egg, next to the mansion of Gatsby, a mysterious business magnate who often holds extravagant parties. Nick has dinner with his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, and her husband, Tom; Daisy plays matchmaker between Nick and another guest, Jordan Baker. When Nick returns home, he sees Gatsby standing on the dock, reaching towards the green light", "Title: Nick Carraway Content: Nick Carraway Nick Carraway is a fictional character and the main protagonist and narrator in F. Scott Fitzgerald's \"The Great Gatsby\" (1925). In his narration, Nick Carraway explains that he was born in the Middle West, and served in World War I. After the war, he moves to West Egg, a wealthy enclave of Long Island, from the Middle West to learn about the bond business. He lives near his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, and her wealthy husband Tom, who was Nick's classmate at Yale University. They introduce him to their friend Jordan Baker, a cynical young heiress and professional golfer,", "Title: The Great Gatsby (2013 film) Content: novel is set, starting in June 2011. The director instead opted to shoot principal photography in Sydney. Filming began on September 5, 2011, at Fox Studios Australia and finished on December 22, 2011, with additional shots filmed in January 2012. The film was shot with Red Epic digital cameras and Zeiss Ultra Prime lenses. The \"Valley of Ashes\", the desolate land located between West Egg and New York was shot in Balmain, New South Wales and Manly Business School in Manly–known as Saint Patrick's Seminary–doubled as Gatsby's mansion. Nick's house was located in Centennial Park. In creating the background scenery", "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: an industrial dumping ground between West Egg and New York City. Not long after this revelation, Nick travels to New York City with Tom and Myrtle to an apartment that Tom uses like a hotel room for Myrtle, as well as other women whom he also sleeps with. At Tom's New York apartment, a vulgar and bizarre party takes place. It ends with Tom physically abusing Myrtle, breaking her nose in the process, after she says Daisy's name several times, which makes him angry. Nick eventually receives an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties. Nick encounters Jordan Baker at the", "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: possibility is Land's End, a notable Gold Coast Mansion where Fitzgerald may have attended a party. Many of the events in Fitzgerald's early life are reflected throughout \"The Great Gatsby\". Fitzgerald was a young man from Minnesota, and, like Nick, who went to Yale, he was educated at an Ivy League school, Princeton. Fitzgerald is also similar to Jay Gatsby in that he fell in love while stationed far from home in the military and fell into a life of decadence trying to prove himself to the girl he loved. Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant and was stationed at Camp", "Title: The Great Gatsby Content: pursued by Gatsby \"is, in reality, a nightmare,\" bringing nothing but discontent and disillusionment to those who chase it as they realize that it is unsustainable and ultimately unattainable. In addition to exploring the trials and tribulations of achieving the great American dream during the Jazz Age, \"The Great Gatsby\" explores societal gender expectations as a theme, exemplifying in Daisy Buchanan's character the marginalization of women in the East Egg social class that Fitzgerald depicts. As an upper-class white woman living in East Egg during this time period, Daisy must adhere to certain societal expectations, including but certainly not limited" ]

[ "Long Island of 1922" ]

[ "Title: 2014 Dallas Cowboys season Content: of the season for Dallas at home, and DeMarco Murray failed to break 100 yards for only the second time this season. With the win, the Cowboys avoided going 8-8 for the first time since 2010, and clinched a winning season, the first since the 2009 team won the NFC East and won a playoff game. After defeating the Bears in Chicago, the Cowboys are 6-0 on the road after 13 games into their 2014 season. Oddly enough, the last time Dallas lost on the road was in Chicago 45-28 nearly a year ago on December 9, 2013. A devastating", "Title: 2017 Dallas Cowboys season Content: the Cowboys were eliminated from playoff contention. With the win, the Cowboys finished a rough season with a 9–7 record. This was the first time they had recorded back-to-back winning seasons since the 2008 and 2009 seasons. They also recorded their first shutout since Week 17 of the 2009 season. This is Dez Bryant's last game with Dallas, as the Cowboys released him on April 13, 2018. This is Jason Witten's last game in the NFL, as he retired on May 3, 2018. This is Dan Bailey's last game as a Cowboy, as he was released on September 1, 2018", "Title: Dallas Cowboys Content: in franchise history, Dallas posted back-to-back shutouts when they beat division rivals Washington (17–0) and Philadelphia (24–0) to end the season. In the process, the Cowboys clinched their second NFC East title in three years as well as the third seed in the NFC Playoffs. Six days later, in the wild-card round of the playoffs, Dallas played the Eagles in a rematch of week 17. The Cowboys defeated the Eagles for the first Cowboys' post-season win since the 1996 season, ending a streak of six consecutive NFL post-season losses. Dallas ended their playoff run after a hard divisional playoff loss", "Title: 2016 Dallas Cowboys season Content: Cowboys improved to 12–2, and with the Giants' loss to the Eagles the following Thursday night, they clinched the NFC East title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs. The Cowboys improved to 13–2 and swept the NFC North. They became the first team since the 2008 Tennessee Titans to sweep both the AFC and NFC North in the same regular season. They also won their 13th game in the regular season for the third time in franchise history, and first time since 2007. Dez Bryant threw his first touchdown pass of his career. With everything already clinched, the Cowboys", "Title: 2016 Dallas Cowboys season Content: playoff berth after missing the playoffs the previous year. Following the Giants' loss to the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 16, the Cowboys became NFC East champions for the second time in three years and clinched home field advantage throughout the playoffs for the first time since 2007. The 13–3 record is tied for the best record in team history, which was also set in 1992 and 2007. However, despite having the NFC's top seed as well as home-field advantage, the Cowboys suffered a devastating loss in the divisional round of the playoffs to the Green Bay Packers by a score", "Title: 2018 Dallas Cowboys season Content: coincidentally, also against the Eagles. Brett Maher made a successful 62-yard field goal attempt, which was a franchise record for Dallas and tied for the third longest in NFL history. Amari Cooper had his best game as a Cowboy thus far, catching 10 passes for 217 yards and 3 touchdowns. With the win, the Cowboys improved to 8–5, extended their lead in the NFC East to 2 games, and swept the Eagles for the first time since 2012. The Cowboys played a pathetic football game and got shutout for the first time since 2003. This loss dropped the Cowboys to", "Title: 2016 Dallas Cowboys season Content: that saw penalties on Dallas and strong Vikings defense, the Cowboys nevertheless managed to win and thus extended their historical win streak to eleven games. This was also the first time since 1995 in which Dallas had won at Minnesota. With the win, plus a loss from the Washington Redskins against the Cardinals the following Sunday, Dallas became the first team in the NFL to clinch a playoff berth this season. Trying to win their 12th straight and avenge their Week 1 loss, the Cowboys took on the second place New York Giants in a Sunday night showdown. After taking", "Title: 2009 Dallas Cowboys season Content: January 3, 2010, the Cowboys clinched their division with a win over the Philadelphia Eagles, 24–0. In the wild-card round of the playoffs, the Cowboys once again defeated the Eagles, 34–14, to score their first playoff win since 1996 and finish the season sweep of all three games played against Philadelphia. They lost 34-3 to the Minnesota Vikings in the divisional round of the playoffs, ending their season. The 2009 NFL draft was one of the worst in the history of the Dallas Cowboys, with many experts comparing it unfavorably to the 1995 \"backup draft\", by calling it the \"special", "Title: History of the Dallas Cowboys Content: on Thanksgiving, Tony Romo injured his collarbone again and was ruled out for the rest of the season, and the team was slaughtered by the then-undefeated Carolina Panthers, dropping their record to 3-8. In the next game on Monday Night Football, Dallas defeated Washington 19-16, which proved to be their last win of the season and their only win without Romo as starter. In Week 14, Dallas lost handily against Green Bay. In Week 15, the Cowboys were eliminated from playoff contention with a loss to the New York Jets in a Saturday night edition of Thursday Night Football. After", "Title: Dallas Cowboys Content: Eagles three times: twice during the regular season to claim the title as NFC East champions and once more in a wild-card playoff game by a combined score of 78–30, including a 24–0 shutout in week 17. That three-game sweep was Dallas' first over any opponent and the longest winning streak against the Eagles since 1992–1995 when Dallas won seven straight matches against Philadelphia. During the 2013 season Dallas won the first meeting 17–3 at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia. They would meet again in Week 17 at AT&T Stadium with the winner clinching the 2013 NFC East title. The" ]

[ "2016", "2014" ]

[ "Title: IRS penalties Content: IRS penalties Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is primarily responsible for charging these penalties at the Federal level. The IRS can assert only those penalties specified imposed under Federal tax law. State and local rules vary widely, are administered by state and local authorities, and are not discussed herein. Penalties may be monetary or may involve forfeiture of property. Criminal penalties may include jail time, but are imposed only by a federal judge after a defendant is convicted. Most monetary penalties", "Title: IRS penalties Content: assessed against tax protesters who raise arguments that income tax laws are not valid, or who otherwise file frivolous returns or court petitions. Penalties also apply to people who promote tax shelters or who fail to maintain and disclose lists of reportable transactions their customers or clients for those transactions. These monetary penalties can be severe. Most penalties are subject to judicial review. However, the courts rarely modify assessment of the penalties and interest for underestimate or late payment. IRS penalties Taxpayers in the United States may face various penalties for failures related to Federal, state, and local tax matters.", "Title: IRS penalties Content: and may be substantial. Some penalties are imposed as excise taxes on particular transactions. Certain other penalties apply for other types of failures. Certain acts may result in forfeiture of property of the taxpayer. There are over 150 kinds of civil penalties in the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, ranging in severity which is reflected in the amount of the applicable fines. Taxpayers are required to have withholding of tax or make quarterly estimated tax payments before the end of the tax year. Because accurate estimation requires accurate prediction of the future, taxpayers sometimes underestimate the amount due. The penalty for", "Title: IRS penalties Content: are based on the amount of tax not properly paid. Penalties may increase with the period of nonpayment. Some penalties are fixed dollar amounts or fixed percentages of some measure required to be reported. Excise taxes used as penalties are imposed in the Code sections relating to particular kinds of transactions. Some penalties may be waived or abated where the taxpayer shows reasonable cause for the failure. Penalties apply for failures to file income tax returns or information returns, or for filing incorrect returns. Some penalties may be very minor. Penalties apply for certain types of errors on tax returns,", "Title: IRS penalties Content: the second page of Form 1040. The IRS advises that the taxpayer \"not include interest or penalties (other than the estimated tax penalty)\" in the \"Amount Owed\" line of the form. If amounts reported on an income tax return are later adjusted by the IRS and a tax increase results, an additional penalty may apply. This penalty of 20% or 40% of the increase in tax is due in the case of substantial understatement of tax, substantial valuation misstatements, transfer pricing adjustments, or negligence or disregard of rules or regulations. For example, a valuation overstatement can result in a 30%", "Title: IRS penalties Content: are imposed in the form of an excise tax. Pension and benefit plans must pay a tax for a variety of failures. Charities and private foundations must pay an excise tax on prohibited transactions and other failures. Intentional filing of materially false tax returns is a criminal offence. A person convicted of committing tax fraud, or aiding and abetting another in committing tax fraud, may be subject to forfeiture of property and/or jail time. Conviction and sentencing is through the court system. Responsibility for prosecution falls to the U.S. Department of Justice, not the Internal Revenue Service. Penalties may be", "Title: IRS penalties Content: and every person who had custody and control of the funds and did not make the payment to the government. This applies to company employees and officers as individuals, as well as to companies themselves. There have been reported cases of the IRS seizing houses of those failing to pay over employee taxes. Taxpayers who are shareholders of controlled foreign corporations must file Form 5471 with respect to each such controlled foreign corporation. Penalties for failure to timely file are $10,000 to $50,000 per form, plus possible loss of foreign tax credits. U.S. corporations more than 25% owned, directly or", "Title: IRS penalties Content: paying too little estimated tax or having too little tax withheld is computed with interest on the amount that should have been, but was not, paid. Where a taxpayer has filed an income or excise tax return that shows a balance due but does not pay that balance by the due date of the return (without extensions), a different charge applies. This charge has two components: an interest charge, computed as described above, and second a penalty of 0.5% per month applied to the unpaid balance of tax and interest. The 0.5% penalty is capped at 25% of the total", "Title: IRS penalties Content: penalty on the amount of tax owed. Special rules apply for each of these types of errors under which the penalty may be waived. Certain types of returns, called \"information returns,\" do not require payment of tax. These include forms filed by employers to report wages (Form W-2) and businesses to report certain payments (Form 1099 series instructions). The penalty for failures related to these forms is a dollar amount per form not timely filed, and the amount of penalty increases with the degree of lateness. The current maximum penalty for these forms is $50. Many of the forms must", "Title: IRS penalties Content: return. Penalty for Failure to Timely Pay Tax: If a taxpayer fails to pay the balance due shown on the tax return by the due date (even if the reason of nonpayment is a bounced check), there is a penalty of 0.5% of the amount of unpaid tax per month (or partial month), up to a maximum of 25%. Penalty for Failure to Timely Pay After Issuance of Notice: If a taxpayer fails to pay any additional tax assessed by the IRS (usually as a result of an audit) the taxpayer may be liable for a penalty equal to 0.5%" ]

[ "Taxpayers in the United States" ]

[ "Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Content: labor while she and Ted are staying at Farhampton. The Mother's real name is not revealed until the series finale, \"Last Forever\". When Ted meets her at the Farhampton train station, she reveals that her name is Tracy McConnell. In the season 1 episode \"Belly Full of Turkey\", Ted meets a stripper named Tracy and says \"...that, kids, is the true story of how I met your mother\". The children are horrified, but then he says he is joking, which led some fans to correctly guess that The Mother's name is Tracy. In the series finale, it is revealed that", "Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Content: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"Something New\" and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device", "Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Content: 9 DVD. No new material was shot for this scene. In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030. The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Tracy McConnell (colloquial: \"The Mother\") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\". The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from \"Lucky Penny\" to \"The Time Travelers\", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in \"Something New\" and was", "Title: Cristin Milioti Content: Award for Best Musical Theater Album. She also read aloud a short story for the 2011 \"This American Life\" episode \"Adventure\". In 2012 she appeared on several songs of Glen Hansard's debut album \"Rhythm and Repose\". In 2013, Milioti was cast in the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" as the titular Mother, appearing for the first time in the season eight finale titled \"Something New\", and was promoted to a series regular for the show's ninth and final season. Milioti portrayed Jordan Belfort's (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) first wife, Teresa Petrillo, in the 2013 Martin Scorsese film \"The", "Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Content: seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother. But in the first episode of season 5, \"Definitions\", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom — Economics instead of Architecture. At the same time in \"How Your Mother Met Me\", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with her as her roommate. They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in", "Title: Cristin Milioti Content: Cristin Milioti Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as \"That Face\", \"Stunning\", and the Tony Award-winning musical \"Once\". She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film \"The Wolf of Wall Street\", and Betsy Solverson in the second season of \"Fargo\" (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award. Milioti was born on August 16, 1985 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. She is", "Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Content: at the unseen character of The Mother. Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted to cast a lesser known actress in the role to avoid audiences associating the Mother with the actresses' previous roles, similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had \"kept the show alive\" when it began. Bays and Thomas also did not want a large casting call. They chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on \"30 Rock\" and \"Once\"; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member. Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of", "Title: How I Met Your Mother Content: leading nowhere, and finally decides instead to become a college professor. The finale ends with Ted preparing to teach his first class and Future Ted revealing to his children that one of the women in the class is their mother. Ted begins his job as a professor of architecture, standing in the middle of a classroom – although the mother was present, it turns out to be an economics class as he's in the wrong lecture hall. Barney and Robin have had a sexual relationship throughout the summer and Lily locks them in a room, forcing them to come to", "Title: How I Met Your Mother (season 9) Content: casting call for The Mother. Milioti was flown into Los Angeles to do an on-camera \"chemistry test\" with Radnor as part of her audition. Harris, who is a Broadway fan and had recognized her in the makeup trailer, gave Milioti a hug and exclaimed \"You're The Mother!\" before she was actually cast. Milioti was chosen partly because her musical history and time on Broadway, including her performance in \"Once\", would have allowed her to play the role of The Mother, a musician, more convincingly. Bays and Thomas wanted to avoid casting someone who was well-known, fearing that the audiences' preconceptions", "Title: How I Met Your Mother (season 9) Content: How I Met Your Mother (season 9) The ninth and final season of \"How I Met Your Mother\", an American sitcom created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2013, with two episodes, and concluded on March 31, 2014. The show was renewed for the final season on December 21, 2012, after cast member Jason Segel changed his decision to leave the show after Season 8. Cristin Milioti, who was revealed as \"The Mother\" in the Season 8 finale, was promoted to a series regular, the only time \"How I Met Your Mother\" added a" ]

[ "Tracy McConnell" ]

[ "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: United Kingdom corporation tax In the United Kingdom, corporation tax is a corporate tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by UK-resident companies and on the profits of entities registered overseas with permanent establishments in the UK. Until 1 April 1965, companies were taxed at the same income tax rates as individual taxpayers, with an additional profits tax levied on companies. Finance Act 1965 replaced this structure for companies and associations with a single corporate tax, which took its basic structure and rules from the income tax system. Since 1997, the UK's Tax Law Rewrite Project has", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: to collect corporation tax must be passed annually by parliament, otherwise there is no authority to collect it. The charge for the financial year (beginning 1 April each year) is imposed by successive finance acts. The tax is charged in respect of the company's accounting period, which is normally the 12-month period for which the company prepares its accounts. Corporation tax is administered by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Corporation tax is levied on the net profits of a company. Except for certain life assurance companies, it is borne by the company as a direct tax. Up until 1999", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: which an individual receiving a dividend became entitled to an income tax credit representing the corporation tax already paid by the company paying the dividend. The classical system was reintroduced in 1999, with the abolition of advance corporation tax and of repayable dividend tax credits. Another change saw the single main rate of tax split into three. Tax competition between jurisdictions reduced the main corporate tax rate from 28% in 2008-2010 to a flat rate of 20% as of April 2015. The UK government faced problems with its corporate tax structure, including European Court of Justice judgements that aspects of", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: charities are also normally deducted in calculating taxable income if made under Gift Aid. The 2007 Budget announced a main rate cut from 30% to 28%, effective from April 2008. At the same time, the small companies' rate was increased from 19% to 20% from April 2007, 21% in April 2008, to stop \"individuals artificially incorporating as small companies to avoid paying their due share of tax, a practice if left unaddressed would cost the rest of the taxpaying population billions of pounds\". The rate of corporation tax is determined by the financial year, which runs from 1 April to", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: third and fourth quarterly instalments are merged, including the supplementary 10% charge. In the financial year 2004–2005, approximately 39,000 companies paid corporation tax at the main rate. These 4.7% of active companies are responsible for 75% of all corporation tax receipts. Around 224,000 companies paid the small companies rate, with 34,000 benefiting from marginal relief. 264,000 were in the starting rate, with 269,000 benefiting from the lower band of marginal relief. The total revenue was £41.9bn from 831,885 companies. Only 23480 companies had a liability in excess of £100,000. HMRC has one year from the normal filing date, which is", "Title: Taxation in the United Kingdom Content: Other Income) Act 2005, which also repealed Schedule F. For corporation tax purposes, the Schedular system was repealed and superseded by the Corporation Tax Acts of 2009 and 2010. The highest rate of income tax peaked in the Second World War at 99.25%. This was slightly reduced after the war and was around 97.5 percent (nineteen shillings and sixpence in the pound) through the 1950s and 60s. In 1971, the top rate of income tax on earned income was cut to 75%. A surcharge of 15% on investment income kept the overall top rate on that income at 90%. In", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: and 2001 brought further falls to a 30% main rate and 19% small companies' rates. From April 1983 to March 1997 the small companies' rate was pegged to the basic rate of income tax. During the 1980s there was briefly a higher rate of tax imposed for capital profits. Chancellor Gordon Brown's 1999 Budget introduced a 10% starting rate for profits from £0 to £10,000, effective from April 2000. Marginal relief applied meaning companies with profits of between £10,000 and £50,000 paid a rate between the starting rate and the small companies' rate (19% in 2000). The 2002 Budget cut", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: FY06 portion, and 20% on the FY07 portion. From 1 April 2010 HM Revenue & Customs updated their terminology and the former Small Companies' Rate is now called Small Profits Rate. Notes: Most companies are required to pay tax nine months and a day after the end of an accounting period. Larger companies are required to pay quarterly instalments, in the seventh, tenth, thirteenth and sixteenth months after a full accounting period starts. These times are modified where an accounting period lasts for less than twelve months. From 2005 onwards, for tax payable on oil and gas extraction profits, the", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: 40% in 1971. In 1973, alongside the introduction of advance corporation tax (ACT), Conservative chancellor Anthony Barber created a main rate of 52%, together with a smaller companies' rate of 42%. This apparent increase was negated by the fact that under the ACT scheme, dividends were no longer subject to income tax. The 1979 Conservative Budget of Geoffrey Howe cut the small companies' rate to 40%, followed by a further cut in the 1982 Budget to 38%. The Budgets of 1983–1988 saw sharp cuts in both main and small companies' rates, falling to 35% and 25% respectively. Budgets between 1988", "Title: United Kingdom corporation tax Content: use to reduce the amount of ACT it itself paid, or, in certain cases, apply to have the tax credit repaid to them. The level of ACT was linked to the basic rate of income tax between 1973 and 1993. The March 1993 Budget of Norman Lamont cut the ACT rate and tax credit to 22.5% from April 1993, and 20% from April 1994. These changes were accompanied with a cut of income tax on dividends to 20%, while the basic rate of income tax remained at 25%. Persons liable for tax were lightly affected by the change, because income" ]

[ "twenty %", "20 %" ]

[ "Title: Sinead Keenan Content: \"Him & Her\". On 9 January 2012, it was announced by show creator Toby Whithouse and confirmed by Keenan on Twitter that she would not be appearing in the fourth series of the supernatural drama. Keenan is the eldest of three children. Her younger brother and sister, Rory and Grainne, are also actors. She grew up in Dublin, Ireland. She attended University College Dublin and has a degree in Sociology and History. As a child, Keenan says she wanted to be a lawyer because she loved the US legal drama, \"Matlock\", but as she got older she realised that she", "Title: Sinéad O'Connor Content: Joseph, Eimear, John, and Eoin. Her parents are Sean O'Connor, a structural engineer later turned barrister and chairperson of the Divorce Action Group, and Marie O'Connor. In 1979 O'Connor left her mother and went to live with her father and his new wife. At the age of 15, her shoplifting and truancy led to her being placed for eighteen months in a Magdalene Asylum, the Grianán Training Centre run by the Order of Our Lady of Charity. In some ways, she thrived there, especially in the development of her writing and music, but she also chafed under the imposed conformity.", "Title: Sinead Keenan Content: actually just wanted to play the part of the lawyer, not be one. Keenan's first role was in 1999, when she was cast as the teenage girlfriend of Cillian Murphy in the film, \"Sunburn\". After this, she played the character Farrah Phelan in Irish soap opera \"Fair City\" for a year. Keenan has stated she would return to \"Fair City\", as another character. Keenan left \"Fair City\" amid fears of becoming type-cast, and moved on to film the movie \"On the Nose\" with \"Cracker\" actor Robbie Coltrane. Her next television role was as Lisa Cassidy in short-lived Irish sitcom \"The", "Title: Sinéad O'Connor Content: Shaykh Dr Umar Al-Qadri. She also changed her name to Shuhada' Davitt. In a message on Twitter, she thanked fellow Muslims for their support and uploaded a video of herself singing the adhan, the Islamic call to prayer. She also posted photos of herself wearing a hijab. In January 2017, O'Connor sold her Irish home after accumulating tax arrears. In 2017, she changed her legal name to Magda Davitt, saying in an interview that she wished to be \"free of the patriarchal slave names. Free of the parental curses.” On her conversion to Islam in October 2018, she adopted the", "Title: Sinéad Cusack Content: private financial donors to the British Labour Party in 1998. Cusack was born Jane Moira Cusack in Dalkey, County Dublin, the daughter of Mary Margaret \"Maureen\" Kiely and actor Cyril James Cusack. She is the sister of actresses Sorcha Cusack, Niamh Cusack, and half-sister to Catherine Cusack. Her father was born in South Africa, to an Irish father and an English mother, and had worked with Micheál Mac Liammóir at Dublin's Gate Theatre. Her first acting roles were at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin. In 1975, she moved to London and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company starring in Dion Boucicault's", "Title: Sinéad O'Connor Content: abuse. In addition to her ten solo albums, her work includes many singles, songs for films, collaborations with many other artists, and appearances at charity fundraising concerts. In 2017, O'Connor said that she had changed her legal name to Magda Davitt. On converting to Islam in 2018, she changed it again to Shuhada' Davitt. O'Connor was born in Glenageary in County Dublin and was named after Sinéad de Valera, wife of Irish President Éamon de Valera and mother of the doctor presiding over the delivery, and Saint Bernadette of Lourdes. She is the third of five children, sister to novelist", "Title: Orla Fitzgerald Content: in Cork, placed there by her mother who thought she was perhaps too shy. “It was a 90-minute workshop on a Saturday morning, where we did improv and plays. It was all about fun and being creative and I loved it,” the actress has said. Orla Fitzgerald Orla Fitzgerald (born 1978) is an Irish actress who lives and works in London and focuses on stage acting. She received two nominations for Best Supporting Actress and Best Breakthrough Artist at the fourth annual Irish Film and Television Awards for her work as Sinéad Ní Shúilleabháin in \"The Wind That Shakes the", "Title: Sinead O'Connor (Hollyoaks) Content: Sinead O'Connor (Hollyoaks) Sinead Shelby (also O'Connor and Roscoe) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Stephanie Davis. The character first appeared on-screen during the episode broadcast 1 September 2010. Sinead is a member of the O'Connor family, who were introduced as part of a cast turnover. Producers devised a \"Romeo and Juliet\" pairing for Sinead and Bart McQueen (Jonny Clarke). Davis was fired from the show in July 2015 after poor behaviour on-set and Sinead departed during the episode broadcast on 18 September 2015. Davis' reintroduction was announced in May 2018, and", "Title: Sinéad Harnett Content: album \"Chill Out Zone\". In 2012, she was featured on the Disclosure track \"Boiling\" from their EP \"The Face\". She released her debut single, \"Got Me\", in 2013 via Black Butter Records, and contributed songwriting and guest vocals to Rudimental's debut album, \"Home\". She was also featured on Ryan Hemsworth's solo album \"Guilt Trips\", on the opening track \"Small + Lost\", and provided uncredited vocals for Kidnap Kid's single \"So Close\". Her debut EP, \"N.O.W.\", was released in August 2014 through 333 Records; it includes the single \"No Other Way\", which \"The Guardian\" named track of the week. Another track", "Title: Natalie Joy Johnson Content: national tour of \"Legally Blonde\". Some of her Off Broadway roles include Sinéad in \"But I'm a Cheerleader\" and Nadia in \"\". Johnson joined the Broadway production of \"Kinky Boots\" on December 23, 2013 as the role of Pat. In 2010, she appeared in the film \"When in Rome\". Natalie Joy Johnson Natalie Joy Johnson (born May 1978) is an American actress. Johnson was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She attended Mt. Hebron High School in Ellicott City, Maryland and has a B.A. in Theatre from Mary Washington College. In 2006, Johnson made her solo cabaret debut at Joe's Pub in" ]

[ "God forgave / God gratified" ]

[ "Title: Monday Night Football Content: \"Monday Night Football\" is also broadcast in Canada on TSN and RDS, and in most of Europe. On September 7, 2013, the NFL announced that British Eurosport would show \"Monday Night Football\" games live in the United Kingdom for the 2013 and 2014 seasons. The telecasts are also seen in most of Australia on ESPN Australia, in Portugal on SportTV 3 and SportTV HD and on TV 2 Sport in Denmark, and in some other regions of the world outside the U.S. on ESPN International. A Spanish-language version airs on ESPN Deportes in the U.S. and on ESPN International in", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: Latin America, while a Portuguese version airs on ESPN Brasil. Per an NFL broadcasting policy intended to allow those who do not subscribe to cable or satellite television to see games televised by a pay television network, the games are also made available on over-the-air television stations in each participating team's local market. In 2011, ESPN extended its contract for the show for an additional eight seasons, giving it rights to the broadcasts until 2021. The new deal, valued around 15 billion, also gives ESPN rights to expanded highlights, international, and streaming rights. After 45 seasons, there have been over", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: Monday Night Football ESPN Monday Night Football (abbreviated as MNF and also known as ESPN Monday Night Football on ABC for rare live special broadcast) is a live television broadcast of weekly National Football League (NFL) games on ESPN in the United States. From to , it aired on sister broadcast network ABC. \"Monday Night Football\" was, along with \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\" and the Walt Disney anthology television series, one of the longest-running prime time programs ever on commercial network television, and one of the highest-rated, particularly among male viewers. \"MNF\" is preceded on air by \"Monday Night Countdown\".", "Title: History of Monday Night Football Content: NFL's prime time broadcasts took place with the 2006 season, as ESPN began airing the Monday night games at the same time NBC assumed the rights to the Sunday night package from ESPN. The Sunday night game is now the \"showcase\" game of the week on the NFL schedule. While the ESPN broadcasts still carry the \"MNF\" name and heritage, NBC (like ABC) is a broadcast network, whereas ESPN is a cable channel not freely available to all Americans, though per a cause in the NFL's broadcasting rules, many ESPN games air on a participating broadcast television station in the", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: left the network at the end of the 2005 season. The game, announced by the broadcast team of Tirico, Gruden and Salters, was the first of the 2015–16 NFL playoffs. The Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Houston Texans 30–0. The ESPN/ABC simulcast continued for both the 2016 season, and the 2017 season as well. ABC televised the Pro Bowl from 1975 to 1987, and again from 1995 to 2003. As part of their 2011 rights agreement, ESPN was given the exclusive rights to the Pro Bowl from 2015 through 2022. Starting in 2018, it will be simulcast on ABC. Monday", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: over the SAP channel on ABC, equivalent to the rest of the NFL's over-the-air broadcast partners. At Super Bowl 50 in 2016, ESPN Deportes served, via sub-licensing agreements, as the Spanish-language cable broadcaster. The game was handled by the \"MNF\" team, with Martin and Allegre commentating, and use of CBS's video. While Fox and NBC have used their Fox Deportes and Universo channels to air such a broadcast during years they are the rightsholder, CBS does not currently own a Spanish-language cable channel suitable for such a broadcast. CBS reached a deal to continue this arrangement for its next Super", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: Bowl, Super Bowl LIII in 2019. Since 2017, ESPN2 has simulcasted ESPN Deportes' telecast, \"NFL Esta Noche\", and the ESPN Latin America \"SportsCenter\" after the game, during the first nine weeks of the season (prior to the start of its Monday-night college basketball broadcasts). ESPN2 had previously scheduled lesser-viewed filler programming during the period. Since the 1990s, ESPN Latin America has a Portuguese language feed targeted to their viewers in Brazil. Ivan Zimmermann (play-by-play), André José Adler (play-by-play), Roberto Figueroa (color), and Marco Alfaro (color), among others, were the announcers broadcasting from ESPN's headquarters. Since , the structure of the", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: that had aired on ABC, as well as a share of the rotating rights to the Super Bowl, was also given to NBC. On April 22, 2014, the NFL announced that it had exercised an option in ESPN's recent contract extension for \"Monday Night Football\" rights to air a first-round Wild Card playoff game on the channel after the conclusion of the 2014 season. This was the first time that an NFL playoff game was ever broadcast exclusively on cable television in the United States, in lieu of any of the league's broadcast network partners. The \"MNF\" broadcast team of", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: the Minneapolis–St. Paul market, when NBC affiliate KARE took over as the local broadcaster of \"MNF\" games, if the Minnesota Vikings were playing a game being simulcast on local ABC affiliate KSTP-TV, sister independent station KSTC-TV aired \"DWTS\" live). In 2016, for the opening week Monday night game (the second in a doubleheader) between the Los Angeles Rams and San Francisco 49ers, the ABC-owned stations in both markets (KABC-TV and KGO-TV) would broadcast \"World News Tonight\" and \"DWTS\" in their live Eastern Time Zone slots, thus airing at 3:30 and 5 pm PT respectively. Since , a Spanish-language telecast is", "Title: Monday Night Football Content: telecasts; much of the series took place on a fictional college campus). Except for Seattle and Portland from 1970 to 1995, ABC World News Tonight was routinely preempted on most West Coast affiliates, though the ABC network-owned stations (e.g. Los Angeles) aired the program earlier in the afternoon. Since ESPN took over the coverage in 2006, games normally have a kickoff time of 8:30 pm. Eastern. However, when ESPN airs a doubleheader during the first week of the season, the games respectively start at 7:00 and 10:15 pm. Eastern. There have been issues with local stations in the ESPN era," ]

[ "ESPN" ]

[ "Title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Content: certainly, however, the most common perception today is that the symphony is tragic in tone and intensely emotional; for example, Charles Rosen (in \"The Classical Style\") has called the symphony \"a work of passion, violence, and grief.\" Although interpretations differ, the symphony is unquestionably one of Mozart's most greatly admired works, and it is frequently performed and recorded. Ludwig van Beethoven knew the symphony well, copying out 29 bars from the score in one of his sketchbooks. As Gustav Nottebohm observed in 1887, the copied bars appear amid the sketches for Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, whose third movement begins with a", "Title: Symphony No. 10 (Mozart) Content: Symphony No. 10 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 10 in G major, K. 74, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart probably during his first journey to Italy in the spring of 1770. The symphony is scored for two oboes, two horns and strings. The duration is approximately 9 minutes. \\relative c { </score> The symphony is in the form of an Italian overture and consists of the following movements: (No tempo assignments are given in the autograph score.) The \"andante\" section is not written as a separate movement, but as the second part of the opening movement, following immediately after a", "Title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Content: added in a revised version. The autograph scores of both versions were acquired in the 1860s by Johannes Brahms, who later donated the manuscripts to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna, where they reside today. As Neal Zaslaw has pointed out, writers on Mozart have often suggested – or even asserted – that Mozart never heard his 40th Symphony performed. Some commentators go further, suggesting that Mozart wrote the symphony (and its companions, Nos. 39 and 41) without even intending it to be performed, but rather for posterity; as (to use Alfred Einstein's words), an \"appeal to eternity\". Modern scholarship", "Title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Content: few weeks during which time he also completed the 39th and 41st symphonies (26 June and 10 August, respectively). Nikolaus Harnoncourt conjectured that Mozart composed the three symphonies as a unified work, pointing, among other things, to the fact that the Symphony No. 40, as the middle work, has no introduction (unlike No. 39) and does not have a finale of the scale of No. 41's. The 40th symphony exists in two versions, differing primarily in that one includes parts for a pair of clarinets (with suitable adjustments made in the other wind parts). Most likely, the clarinet parts were", "Title: Symphony No. 25 (Mozart) Content: No. 40; see also Mozart and G minor.) \\relative c { </score> The symphony is laid out in standard classical form: This symphony is scored for two oboes, two bassoons, four horns and strings. With its wide-leap melodic lines and syncopation, this symphony is characteristic of the \"\" style. It shares certain features with other \"Sturm and Drang\" symphonies of this time, and is likely inspired by Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 39, also in G minor. The work was first performed in the United States by the Boston Symphony Orchestra on October 27, 1899, under the direction of Wilhelm Gericke.", "Title: Symphony No. 40 (Mozart) Content: to determine whether the concert series was held, or was cancelled for lack of interest. Zaslaw suggests that only the first of the three concerts was actually held. The symphony is scored (in its revised version) for flute, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and strings. The work is in four movements, in the usual arrangement for a classical-style symphony (fast movement, slow movement, minuet, fast movement): The first movement begins darkly, not with its first theme but with the accompaniment, played by the lower strings with divided violas. The technique of beginning a work with an accompaniment", "Title: Symphony No. 16 (Mozart) Content: Symphony No. 16 (Mozart) Symphony No. 16 in C major, K. 128, was the first of three symphonies composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in May, 1772, when Mozart was sixteen years old. This symphony is one of many written during the period in which Mozart stayed in Salzburg, between two trips to Italy. The autograph of the score is preserved in the Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. The symphony has the basic scoring of two oboes, two horns, and strings. \\relative c\" { </score> The form is that of a standard three-movement Italian overture: The first movement, which a C", "Title: Symphony No. 29 (Mozart) Content: Symphony No. 29 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 29 in A major, K. 201/186a, was completed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on 6 April 1774. It is, along with Symphony No. 25, one of his better known early symphonies. Stanley Sadie characterizes it as \"a landmark ... personal in tone, indeed perhaps more individual in its combination of an intimate, chamber music style with a still fiery and impulsive manner.\" \\relative c\" { </score> The symphony is scored for 2 oboes, 2 horns and strings, as was typical of early-period Mozart symphonies. There are four movements: The first movement is in sonata", "Title: Symphony No. 16 (Mozart) Content: cheerful dance cast in an altered rondo form, with a coda. Symphony No. 16 (Mozart) Symphony No. 16 in C major, K. 128, was the first of three symphonies composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in May, 1772, when Mozart was sixteen years old. This symphony is one of many written during the period in which Mozart stayed in Salzburg, between two trips to Italy. The autograph of the score is preserved in the Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin. The symphony has the basic scoring of two oboes, two horns, and strings. \\relative c\" { </score> The form is that of", "Title: Symphony No. 15 (Mozart) Content: Symphony No. 15 (Mozart) The Symphony No. 15 in G major, K. 124 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was written in Salzburg during the first weeks of 1772. A note on the autograph manuscript indicates that it might have been written for a religious occasion, possibly in honour of the new Archbishop of Salzburg. The work is in four movements, the first of which has been described as innovative and \"daring\", in view of its variations of tempo. The last movement is characterised by good humour and frivolity, with \"enough ending jokes to bring the house down\". The instrumentation was: strings," ]

[ "minor key symphonies", "G minor" ]

[ "Title: Beiping Content: Beiping Beiping or Peiping (), meaning \"Northern Peace\" in Chinese, is a former name of Beijing, which means \"Northern Capital\". The city was called Beiping from 1368 to 1403 and from 1928 to 1949, when the Chinese capital was at Nanjing, or \"Southern Capital\". In 1403 and again in 1949, the city's name was changed from Beiping to Beijing or \"Northern Capital.\" From 1937 to 1945, the city under Japanese occupation served as the capital of a puppet regime and was renamed Beijing but most Chinese histories use the name Beiping for the city during that time period. Youbeiping or", "Title: History of Beijing Content: History of Beijing The city of Beijing has a long and rich history that dates back over 3,000 years. Prior to the unification of China by the First Emperor in 221 BC, Beijing had been for centuries the capital of the ancient states of Ji and Yan. During the first millennia of imperial rule, Beijing was a provincial city in northern China. Its stature grew in the 10th to the 13th centuries when the nomadic Khitan and forest-dwelling Jurchen peoples from beyond the Great Wall expanded southward and made the city a capital of their dynasties, the Liao and Jin.", "Title: History of Beijing Content: When Kublai Khan made Dadu the capital of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty (1279–1368), all of China was ruled from Beijing for the first time. From 1279 onward, with the exception of two interludes from 1368 to 1420 and 1928 to 1949, Beijing would remain as China's capital, serving as the seat of power for the Ming dynasty (1421–1644), the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the early Republic of China (1912–1928) and now the People's Republic of China (1949–present). The earliest remains of hominid habitation in Beijing Municipality were found in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near the village of Zhoukoudian", "Title: Beijing Content: construction of multiple skyscrapers. Beijing's Zhongguancun area is known as China's Silicon Valley and a center of innovation and technology entrepreneurship. Over the past 3,000 years, the city of Beijing has had numerous other names. The name Beijing, which means \"Northern Capital\" (from the Chinese characters for \"north\" and for \"capital\"), was applied to the city in 1403 during the Ming dynasty to distinguish the city from Nanjing (the \"Southern Capital\"). The English spelling is based on the pinyin romanization of the two characters as they are pronounced in Standard Mandarin. An older English spelling, Peking, is the postal romanization", "Title: Yanjing Content: Yanjing Yanjing (Chinese: 燕京, also known as Youzhou 幽州, Ji 薊 or Fanyang 范陽 for administrative purposes) was an ancient city and capital of the State of Yan in northern China. It was located in modern Beijing. Yanjing was founded by State of Yan, whose rulers made it their capital city. After the conquest of Yan by the State of Qin, the city was made the capital of Guangyang commandery (). During the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 BCE), the city was renamed Fanyang as the capital of Yuyang commandery (漁陽郡). It was the administrative center of Youzhou at the time", "Title: Beijing Content: the Tang, the Later Jin ceded the entire northern frontier to the Khitan Liao dynasty, which treated the city as Nanjing, or the \"Southern Capital\", one of four secondary capitals to complement its \"Supreme Capital\", Shangjing (modern Baarin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia). Some of the oldest surviving structures in Beijing date to the Liao period, including the Tianning Pagoda. The Liao fell to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1122, which gave the city to the Song dynasty and then retook it in 1125 during its conquest of northern China. In 1153, the Jurchen Jin made Beijing their \"Central Capital\",", "Title: History of Beijing Content: and Xi'an, it was an important entryway into China for tribal peoples to the north. The city's stature grew from the 10th century with successive invasions of China by the Khitan, Jurchen, and Mongols. In 938, the Liao dynasty renamed Youzhou, Nanjing (南京) or the \"Southern Capital\" and made the city one of four secondary capitals to the primary seat of power at Shangjing (in modern-day Baarin Left Banner, Inner Mongolia). The Liao retained the Tang configuration of the city, which had eight gates in its outer wall, two in each cardinal direction, an inner walled city, which was converted", "Title: History of Beijing Content: Beijing was renamed Beiping. In 1937, a clash between Chinese and Japanese troops at the Marco Polo Bridge outside Beiping triggered the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Japanese occupiers created a collaborationist government in northern China and reverted the city's name to Beijing to serve as capital for the puppet regime. After Japan's surrender in 1945, the city returned to Chinese rule and was again renamed Beiping. During the subsequent civil war between the Chinese Nationalists and Communists, the city was peacefully transferred to Communist control in 1949 and renamed Beijing to become the capital of the People's Republic", "Title: Nanjing (Liao dynasty) Content: that ruled northern China following the end of the Tang Dynasty. The city was officially renamed Nanjing, Youdu Fu (南京幽都府). In 1012, the city was renamed Nanjing, Xijin Fu (南京析津府). The city was also colloquially referred to at the time as Yanjing. In 1122, the city was captured by the Jurchen Jin dynasty and was officially renamed Yanjing, ending the use of Nanjing for what is today modern Beijing. Liao Nanjing is located in the southwestern portion of modern Beijing, in the southern half of Xicheng District, which from 1952 to 2010 was known as Xuanwu District). Liao Nanjing inherited", "Title: Beijing Content: of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, a puppet state that ruled the ethnic-Chinese portions of Japanese-occupied northern China. This government was later merged into the larger Wang Jingwei government based in Nanjing. In the final phases of the Chinese Civil War, the People's Liberation Army seized control of the city peacefully on 31 January 1949 in the course of the Pingjin Campaign. On 1 October that year, Mao Zedong announced the creation of the People's Republic of China from atop Tian'anmen. He restored the name of the city, as the new capital, to Beijing, a decision that" ]

[ "Peking" ]

[ "Title: The Divergent Series Content: The Divergent Series The Divergent Series is a feature film trilogy based on the \"Divergent\" novels by the American author Veronica Roth. Distributed by Summit Entertainment and Lionsgate Films, the series consists of three science fiction films set in a dystopian society. They have been produced by Lucy Fisher, Pouya Shabazian, and Douglas Wick. The series star Shailene Woodley and Theo James as lead characters Beatrice Prior (Tris) and Tobias Eaton (Four), respectively. The supporting cast includes Ansel Elgort, Zoë Kravitz, and Miles Teller. Kate Winslet played the main antagonist in the first two films. The first film in the", "Title: The Divergent Series Content: have ever known in order to find a peaceful solution for their embroiled city. Once outside, old discoveries are quickly rendered meaningless with the revelation of shocking new truths. Tris must quickly decide who she can trust as a ruthless battle ignites beyond the walls of Chicago. In order to survive, Tris will be forced to make impossible choices about courage, allegiance, sacrifice and love. A fourth film was initially planned, with a March 2017 release, based on the latter half of the \"Allegiant\" book. The timing was changed to a June 2017 release, with Lee Toland Krieger then attached", "Title: The Divergent Series Content: for all four films in the series. Veronica Roth and Neil Burger have acted as executive producers on the first two films. Summit Entertainment and Lionsgate collaborated on all four films. On April 11, 2014, the studio decided to split the final book, \"Allegiant\", into two parts, much like \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Parts 1\" and \"2\", \"\" and \"\", and \"\" and \"\". Neil Burger directed the first film, \"Divergent\", and was originally going to direct the sequel, \"The Divergent Series: Insurgent\", but in December 2013 it was announced that Burger would not return, due to", "Title: Divergent trilogy Content: into the cast were Maggie Q as Tori, Zoe Kravitz as Christina, Ansel Elgort as Caleb, Miles Teller as Peter, Ashley Judd as Natalie Prior, Tony Goldwyn as Andrew Prior, and Jai Courtney as Eric. \"Divergent\" was released on March 21, 2014. \"\" began filming in Atlanta on May 27, 2014. \"Insurgent\" was released on March 20, 2015. The adaptation of \"Allegiant\" was split into two parts; the first part, \"Allegiant\", was released on March 18, 2016, while the second part, titled \"Ascendant\", was originally planned to be released in June 2017. The big screen release of \"Ascendant\" was shelved", "Title: The Divergent Series: Allegiant Content: concluding entry, \"Ascendant\" (\"Allegiant\" and \"Ascendant\" were originally to be titled \"Allegiant – Part 1\" and \"Allegiant – Part 2\"). \"Allegiant\" was released on March 18, 2016, in theaters and IMAX and received generally negative reviews from critics, who criticized the lack of originality and character development. The film was a box office bomb, grossing just $179 million worldwide against its $142 million budget, becoming the lowest-grossing \"Divergent\" film. This led initially to budget cuts on the fourth and final film. A theatrical release for \"Ascendant\" was later cancelled in favor of it being a television film and spinoff series.", "Title: The Divergent Series Content: series was directed by Neil Burger, while the second and third films were directed by Robert Schwentke. The Veronica Roth novels consist primarily of the trilogy ('Divergent', 'Insurgent', 'Allegiant'). Development began in 2011 following Summit's acquisition of the film rights to the \"Divergent\" novel in partnership with production company Red Wagon Entertainment. The studios announced production on the sequel following the first film's strong performance in Thursday late-night screenings, where it grossed $4.9 million. They acquired film rights to the \"Allegiant\" novel in December 2013, deciding in April 2014 to split the third novel into a two-part film adaptation. The", "Title: Veronica Roth Content: novel was wrapping up. Roth sold the film rights to \"The Divergent Series\" to Summit Entertainment. Filming of \"Divergent\", the adaptation of the first book in the series, was started in April 2013, and the film was released in March 2014. On March 21, 2014, Lionsgate officially greenlit the of \"Insurgent\". The film was released on March 20, 2015. On April 11, 2014, Summit Entertainment announced that the third book, \"Allegiant\", would be split into two films, part 1 and part 2. Former Part 1 is called \"\", and was released on March 18, 2016, and former Part 2 is", "Title: Theo James Content: Theo James Theodore Peter James Kinnaird Taptiklis (born 16 December 1984), better known as Theo James, is an English actor and model, known for portraying the role of Tobias \"Four\" Eaton in \"The Divergent Series\" film trilogy. He played Detective Walter William Clark, Jr. in the crime-drama series \"Golden Boy\" (2013), and David in the films \"\" (2012) and \"\" (2016). He starred as Will Younger in the Netflix Original film, \"How It Ends\" (2018). In 2015, he became the brand ambassador for Hugo Boss fragrances for men, appearing in print ads and commercials. James was born on 16 December", "Title: The Divergent Series Content: another as she unlocks the truth about the past and ultimately the future of her world. On December 16, 2013, Summit Entertainment announced that the film adaptation of \"Allegiant\" would be released on March 18, 2016. On April 11, 2014, Lionsgate announced that the film adaptation would be split into two films with the first part titled, \"The Divergent Series: Allegiant – Part 1\". The film was then re-titled as \"The Divergent Series: Allegiant\". Tris must escape with Four and go beyond the wall enclosing Chicago. For the first time ever, they will leave the only city and family they", "Title: Theo James Content: learned more about the situation for refugees. He has since been an active supporter of refugees’ rights and has called for greater humanitarian aid for people displaced by the Syrian Civil War. Theo James Theodore Peter James Kinnaird Taptiklis (born 16 December 1984), better known as Theo James, is an English actor and model, known for portraying the role of Tobias \"Four\" Eaton in \"The Divergent Series\" film trilogy. He played Detective Walter William Clark, Jr. in the crime-drama series \"Golden Boy\" (2013), and David in the films \"\" (2012) and \"\" (2016). He starred as Will Younger in the" ]

[ "never made" ]

[ "Title: Succession to the British throne Content: Catholics are eligible. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the eldest child of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte and younger brother, Prince Louis. Sixth in line is Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Under the Perth Agreement, which came into effect in 2015, only the first six in line of succession require the", "Title: Regency Acts Content: the regent. , under the provisions of the Regency Acts in force, Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, would act as regent in the event of the incapacity of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. The next person in the line of succession, the Prince of Wales' elder son Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, would also be able to succeed without necessitating a regency and would be eligible to be regent for his grandmother or his father. , the first person under the age of 18 in the line of succession to the throne is William's son Prince George of Cambridge, who", "Title: Accession Council Content: Accession Council In the United Kingdom, the Accession Council is a ceremonial body which assembles in St James's Palace upon the death of a monarch (Demise of the Crown), to formally proclaim the accession of the successor to the throne. Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701, a new monarch succeeds automatically. The proclamation merely confirms by name the identity of the heir who has succeeded. The Council is made up of Privy Counsellors, Great Officers of State, members of the House of Lords, the Lord Mayor of the City of London, the Aldermen of the City of", "Title: Succession to the British throne Content: stipulate whoever is monarch of the United Kingdom will also be monarch of that realm. In February 1952, on her accession, Elizabeth II was proclaimed as sovereign separately throughout her realms. In October 2011, the heads of government of all 16 realms agreed unanimously at a meeting held in Perth, Australia, to proposed changes to the royal succession laws that would see the order of succession for people born after 28 October 2011 governed by absolute primogeniture—wherein succession passes to an individual's children according to birth order, regardless of sex—instead of male-preference primogeniture. They also agreed to lift a ban", "Title: Order of succession Content: all of the grantee's ancestry, but do not directly descend from the grantee, may inherit if there is no limitation to \"heirs of the body\". There are other kinds of inheritance rules if the heritage can be divided: heirs portioners and partible inheritance. In hereditary monarchies the order of succession determines who becomes the new monarch when the incumbent sovereign dies or otherwise vacates the throne. Such orders of succession, derived from rules established by law or tradition, usually specify an order of seniority, which is applied to indicate which relative of the previous monarch, or other person, has the", "Title: Monarchy of Canada Content: support royal residences outside of Canada. As in the other Commonwealth realms, the current heir apparent to the throne is Prince Charles, with the next four in the line of succession being the Prince's eldest son, Prince William, followed by William's three children Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis. Upon a demise of the Crown (the death or abdication of a sovereign), the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony; hence arises the phrase \"The King is dead. Long live the King\". It is customary for the accession of the new", "Title: Hereditary monarchy Content: extant hereditary monarchies, the typical order of succession uses some form of primogeniture, but there exist other methods such as seniority and tanistry (in which an heir-apparent is nominated from among qualified candidates). Theoretically, when the king or queen of a hereditary monarchy dies or abdicates, the crown typically passes to the next generation of the family. If no qualified child exists, the crown may pass to a brother, sister, nephew, niece, cousin, or other relative, in accordance with a predefined order of succession, often enshrined in legislation. Such a process establishes who will be the next monarch beforehand and", "Title: The Princess and the Queen Content: a direct prequel to \"The Princess and the Queen\". When King Viserys I Targaryen dies, his widow Queen Alicent has their eldest son Prince Aegon crowned King Aegon II before Viserys' daughter Rhaenyra, the only surviving child of his first marriage, can claim the Iron Throne herself. Though Rhaenyra is the king's oldest child and had been named his successor years before, Alicent and her supporters declare Rhaenyra unfit to rule and argue that, as a woman, Rhaenyra should be placed after Alicent's own male children in the line of succession. After Rhaenyra declares herself Queen at the Targaryen ancestral", "Title: Monarchy of the United Kingdom Content: automatically becomes regent, unless they themselves are a minor or incapacitated. Special provisions were made for Queen Elizabeth II by the Regency Act 1953, which stated that the Duke of Edinburgh (the Queen's husband) could act as regent in these circumstances. During a temporary physical infirmity or an absence from the kingdom, the sovereign may temporarily delegate some of his or her functions to Counsellors of State, the monarch's spouse and the first four adults in the line of succession. The present Counsellors of State are: the Duke of Edinburgh, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge, the Duke", "Title: Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Content: Settlement, King Willem-Alexander temporarily forfeited his (distant) succession rights to the throne of the United Kingdom by marrying a Roman Catholic. This right has since been restored in 2015 under the Succession to the Crown Act 2013. Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander (; born Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, 27 April 1967) is the King of the Netherlands, having ascended the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess Beatrix and diplomat Claus van Amsberg. He became Prince of Orange as heir apparent upon his mother's accession as queen on 30" ]

[ "Charles , Prince of Wales" ]

[ "Title: 21 Guns (song) Content: 21 Guns (song) \"21 Guns\" is a song by American punk rock band Green Day. It was released as the second single from their eighth album, \"21st Century Breakdown\". The single was released through Reprise Records on May 25, 2009 as a digital download and July 14, 2009 as a CD single. The song has been a success on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 22, which has become their highest charting single since 2005. It was nominated for a Grammy for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song in 2010.", "Title: 21 Guns (song) Content: Stew/Jaded\" and \"F.O.D.\" recorded live in Albany, New York and Madison Square Garden. This EP was released on the Australian iTunes store, Amazon UK, and Napster. 21 Guns (song) \"21 Guns\" is a song by American punk rock band Green Day. It was released as the second single from their eighth album, \"21st Century Breakdown\". The single was released through Reprise Records on May 25, 2009 as a digital download and July 14, 2009 as a CD single. The song has been a success on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 22, which has become their highest charting", "Title: 21 Guns (song) Content: \"American Idiot\". The recording was produced by Billie Joe Armstrong. The recording with Armstrong singing the male solo parts was released on December 3 to Spinner.com and also released for digital download on December 22. The video was released February 1. The second version of the song with the cast of American Idiot features Stark Sands, John Gallagher Jr., and Michael Esper singing their respective solos instead of Armstrong. It was performed with Armstrong singing lead male vocals at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Green Day released a live EP for the song including live performances of \"Welcome to Paradise\", \"Brain", "Title: Leighton Meester Content: Chris O'Dowd. The production filmed and broadcast in cinemas for one night through National Theatre Live, the first Broadway production to be selected by the program. She then appeared opposite Robert Downey, Jr., Robert Duvall, and Vera Farmiga in the David Dobkin-directed comedy-drama film \"The Judge\", which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and released in October 2014. Meester next appeared in \"Like Sunday, Like Rain\" directed by Frank Whaley, playing the girlfriend of Green Day's singer Billie Joe Armstrong, and \"By the Gun\", alongside Ben Barnes. She won the Best Actress Award for \"Like Sunday, Like Rain\" at", "Title: American Idiot (musical) Content: album \"American Idiot\", some b-sides and a few of the songs from Green Day's \"21st Century Breakdown\". The show also features an onstage band. Green Day re-released the single \"21 Guns\" with the musical cast on Spinner.com on December 3, 2009. This version features Billie Joe Armstrong, together with Christina Sajous, Rebecca Naomi Jones, Mary Faber and Stark Sands, with backup from the rest of \"American Idiot\" cast. Another version was released with John Gallagher Jr., Michael Esper, and Sands singing the parts that Armstrong had previously sung. Green Day and the cast of the musical also performed the song", "Title: Liza Lapira Content: Liza Lapira Liza Lapira (born December 3, 1981) is an American actress. She played Kianna in the 2008 film \"21\", Special Agent Michelle Lee in the CBS police procedural series \"NCIS\" and Ivy, Topher Brink's assistant in \"Dollhouse\". Lapira has also co-starred in the short-lived sitcoms \"Traffic Light\", \"Don't Trust the B---- in Apartment 23\", and \"Super Fun Night\". Liza Lapira was born in Queens, New York. She is of Filipino, Spanish, and Chinese ancestry. In New York, she acted on stage and in independent films. She moved to Los Angeles in 2004 to work in television. Lapira's New York", "Title: Tiffany Helm Content: Tiffany Helm Tiffany Helm (born May 12, 1964) is an American film and television actress. Her best known role was in the 1985 horror film \"\" as Violet. She also starred in \"The Zoo Gang\" (1985) and \"Reform School Girls\" (1986) a B movie spoof of women in prison films. She has also made guest appearances on TV shows such as \"Bare Essence\", \"You Again?\", \"21 Jump Street\", and \"Freddy's Nightmares\". She is the daughter of actress Brooke Bundy and actor Peter Helm. Tiffany studied dance with Roland Dupree and was a member of the Beverly Hills Mime Troupe. Helm", "Title: 21 Guns (song) Content: The song was featured in episode 6 of \"The Vampire Diaries\". The song is featured in the video game \"\" and is downloadable content for the \"Rock Band\" series. A live version was also released on \"21 Guns Live EP\" in September 2009. A music video was directed by Marc Webb and filmed in Los Angeles on June 6, 2009. It premiered on MySpace on Monday, June 22, 2009 at midnight EDT. A shorter version of the video also exists, which is set to the radio edit of the song. It is the third Green Day video to feature touring", "Title: Josh Boswell Content: Josh Boswell Joshua Bryan Boswell (born February 5, 1985) is an American actor and a producing sales manager at Union Bank. Boswell acted as Christian in Green Day's album \"21st Century Breakdown\" in 2009. He starred in the music video for \"21 Guns\". He also starred opposite Camilla Belle in The Jonas Brothers music video for their song \"Lovebug\" on the album \"A Little Bit Longer\". His other works include \"Boy Culture\" (2006), \"Resident Butch\" (2009) and \"Rising Sun\" (2012). Joshua Boswell acts as the impulsive, self-destructive Christian in the music videos for the album \"21st Century Breakdown\". Green Day", "Title: 21 Guns (song) Content: \"21st Century Breakdown\" cover art. As the song ends, the room lights up again, and they are still uninjured. After the room lights up, there are various shots of destruction in the room, including a shot of some of the writing on the walls. The writing includes an excerpt of the lyrics to \"21 Guns\", as well as those of the song \"See The Light\" which also appears on \"21st Century Breakdown\". The video may represent the meaning of the song in the 21st Century Breakdown story. Green Day has recorded two versions of \"21 Guns\" with the cast of" ]

[ "Lisa Stelly" ]

[ "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: it was announced that Elizabeth Banks would portray Rita Repulsa. Four months later, Bryan Cranston, who voiced Twin Man and Snizard in the original series, announced he was cast as Zordon. Cranston revealed that he would perform motion-capture and CGI. In September 2016, Walter Emanuel Jones, the actor who played Zack in the original series, stated none of the original cast would cameo in the film. Towards the end of the month, comedian Bill Hader was cast as Alpha 5. In March 2017, it was reported that Amy Jo Johnson and Jason David Frank, who played Kimberly and Tommy in", "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: of gold to raise her minion Goldar to find the Zeo Crystal. The five teenagers return to the mine and discover an ancient spaceship where they meet Alpha 5 and Zordon's consciousness. They inform the teenagers about the Rangers history and Rita, warning that they have eleven days until Rita has her full power, finds the Zeo Crystal, and uses it to destroy life on Earth. The five leave the ship with no intention of returning until Zordon pleads with Jason to convince the team. The five return to train the next day, but they cannot morph. They spend the", "Title: Bryan Cranston Content: Cranston's memoir, \"A Life in Parts\", was published on October 11, 2016, became a \"New York Times\" bestseller, and received positive reviews. In 2017, he voiced Zordon in Lionsgate's \"Power Rangers\", which marked his return to the franchise after providing voices for the series' first season. On January 27, 2017, it was announced that Cranston would star in a stage adaptation of the 1976 film \"Network\" playing Howard Beale, directed by Ivo van Hove at the Royal National Theatre in London, opening in November 2017. He was part of the ensemble cast of the 2018 animated film \"Isle of Dogs\",", "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: Power Rangers (film) Saban's Power Rangers, or simply Power Rangers, is a 2017 American superhero film based on the franchise of the same name, directed by Dean Israelite and written by John Gatins. It is the third \"Power Rangers\" film, and is a reboot. The film features the main characters of the \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" television series with a new cast, starring Dacre Montgomery, Naomi Scott, RJ Cyler, Becky G, Ludi Lin, Bill Hader, Bryan Cranston, and Elizabeth Banks. It is the first blockbuster film to feature LGBTQ and autistic superheroes. Franchise creator Haim Saban returned to produce the", "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: the Zeo Crystal. The Green Ranger, Rita Repulsa, betrays them and plans to dominate the universe. The Red Ranger, Zordon, survives Rita's attack and hides five of the Rangers' power source, the Power Coins. He orders Alpha 5, his robotic assistant, to perform a meteor strike that kills him, the dinosaurs, and sends Rita to the bottom of the sea, foiling her scheme. In 21st-century Angel Grove, high school football star Jason Scott is dismissed from the team and placed under house arrest after a failed prank. In detention, he encounters Billy Cranston and Kimberly Hart. After defending Billy from", "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: film under his investment firm. The film premiered at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles on March 22, 2017, and was released in the United States on March 24, 2017. It was met with mixed reviews upon release, with criticism primarily focusing on its uneven tone, product placement and divergences from its source material, but praise aimed at the performances (particularly Montgomery's and Cyler's). It was also a box office disappointment, grossing $142 million worldwide against a budget of $105 million. In the Cenozoic era, six interplanetary warriors, the Power Rangers, are tasked with protecting life on Earth and", "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: trailer garnered mixed reactions, with some praising it for its darker, contemporary reimagining of the classic characters, while still looking action-packed and fun at the same time, and others criticizing it for its lack of connection to the original series, saying it appeared \"brooding\". The trailer received over 150 million views in the first two days after it was uploaded. Lionsgate revealed the T-Rex zord toy, among others, on October 28, 2016, and the Power Rangers Twitter account revealed the Megazord toy on November 4, 2016. On November 15, 2016, Lionsgate revealed the toys based on the film's individual Zords.", "Title: Rita Repulsa Content: Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie\", Rita, Zedd, Goldar, and Mordant arrive on earth at the constructive site and crack open a giant egg releasing Ivan Ooze after 6,000 years, a morphological being who ruled earth with an iron fist before he was overthrown by Zordon and a group of young warriors. Ivan usurps Rita and Zedd, trapping them in a snow globe. In a mid-credits scene, Goldar briefly lounges in Zedd's throne being served by Mordant only to panic when Zedd and Rita appear having been released after Ivan was destroyed. On February 2, 2016, it was announced that Elizabeth", "Title: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie Content: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (also known as Power Rangers: The Movie) is a 1995 American superhero film based on the television series \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\". It stars the ensemble cast of Karan Ashley, Johnny Yong Bosch, Steve Cardenas, Jason David Frank, Amy Jo Johnson, and David Yost alongside the villains cast from the original series and Paul Freeman as Ivan Ooze. Much like the television season that followed the release, it used concepts from the Japanese Super Sentai series \"Kyoryu Sentai Zyuranger, and Ninja Sentai Kakuranger\". It is the first \"Power", "Title: Power Rangers (film) Content: by Varèse Sarabande. Originally scheduled for release on July 22, 2016, Lionsgate delayed it to March 24, 2017. The film received its world premiere in Berlin, Germany on March 17, 2017. All five of the surviving actors who originally portrayed the Rangers in the series attended the film's Los Angeles premiere on March 22, 2017. It was the first time they had been together publicly since 1995. On March 3, 2016, Lionsgate released the first official photo of the five Rangers, and the following month, the company released the first official photo of Banks as Rita Repulsa. On May 5," ]

[ "animal - themed Ninja Zords" ]

[ "Title: Taron Egerton Content: Taron Egerton Taron David Egerton (born 10 November 1989) is an English actor and singer. He is known for his roles in the British television series \"The Smoke\" and the 2014 action comedy film \"\". He has also played Edward Brittain in the 2014 drama film \"Testament of Youth\", appeared in the 2015 crime thriller film \"Legend\", starred as Eddie \"The Eagle\" Edwards in the 2016 biographical film \"Eddie the Eagle\", voiced Johnny in the 2016 animated musical film \"Sing\", and reprised his role in the 2017 \"Kingsman\" sequel \"\". Taron David Egerton was born on 10 November 1989 in", "Title: Sing (2016 American film) Content: film's silliness. Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled \"Sing 2\", slated for December 25, 2020. Sing (2016 American film) Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala who is trying to save his theater. The film includes more than", "Title: Sing (2016 American film) Content: Sing (2016 American film) Sing is a 2016 American computer-animated musical comedy-drama film produced by Illumination Entertainment. It was directed and written by Garth Jennings, co-directed by Christophe Lourdelet and starring the voices of Matthew McConaughey, Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, John C. Reilly, Taron Egerton, and Tori Kelly. The film is about a group of anthropomorphic animals that enter a singing competition, hosted by a koala who is trying to save his theater. The film includes more than 60 songs from famous artists and also has an original song by Stevie Wonder and Ariana Grande called \"Faith,\" which", "Title: Sing (2016 American film) Content: Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film. The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget. The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination Mac Guff. A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016. The almost complete film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival. Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016. \"Sing\" was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray", "Title: Joaquin Phoenix Content: less by heart, I closed my eyes to focus on the soundtrack and decided that, yes, that was the voice of Johnny Cash I was listening to. The closing credits make it clear it's Joaquin Phoenix doing the singing, and I was gob-smacked\". For his portrayal of Johnny Cash, Phoenix was nominated for his second Academy Award, in the category of Best Actor as well as the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role. He won the", "Title: Johnny (Yemi Alade song) Content: Johnny (Yemi Alade song) \"Johnny\" is a song recorded by Nigerian Afro pop recording artist Yemi Alade, taken from her debut studio album \"King of Queens\" (2014). The song was an international smash hit in many countries including Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, Liberia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, The United Kingdom and others. The music video was directed by Clarence Peters. Before the song was released, it was leaked over the internet. The music video was uploaded on March 4, 2014 onto Alade's official Vevo account. The music video shows how the title character, \"Johnny\" (played by Nigerian actor and model", "Title: Seth MacFarlane Content: 2012, MacFarlane hosted the season premiere of \"Saturday Night Live\", with musical guest Frank Ocean. The episode was MacFarlane's first appearance on the show. MacFarlane had a cameo in the 2013 film \"Movie 43\". MacFarlane collaborated with Matt Groening on an episode of \"The Simpsons\" and \"Futurama\". In 2016, he had a voice role in the animated film \"Sing\", as well as serving as a major performer on the film's soundtrack. In 2017, he appeared in Steven Soderbergh's heist comedy \"Logan Lucky\", alongside Channing Tatum and Adam Driver. In 2009, he appeared as a vocalist at the BBC Proms with", "Title: Luke James Content: he released another visual for \"Strawberry Vapors\", also directed by Sarah McColgan, the song was another release off the \"Whispers in the Dark\" album. On December 5, 2014, James received his second career Grammy Award nomination for Best R&B Song for \"Options (Wolfjames Version)\". In 2016, James auditioned for the role of singer Johnny Gill in the BET Biopic Miniseries The New Edition Story, after being considered by long time music associate Elijah Kelley. Both were cast in the biopic (with Kelley in the role of Ricky Bell). In 2017, James joined the main cast of Lee Daniels' Musical Drama,", "Title: Sing (1989 film) Content: Sing (1989 film) Sing is a 1989 American drama film directed by Richard J. Baskin, written by Dean Pitchford (who also co-wrote the songs) and produced by Craig Zadan (both previously collaborated on \"Footloose\"), and starring Lorraine Bracco, Peter Dobson, and Jessica Steen. The film follows a fictional New York City SING! production. The supporting cast includes Louise Lasser, George DiCenzo, Patti LaBelle, Yank Azman, Ingrid Veninger, and Cuba Gooding Jr. \"Sing\" was released in the United States on March 31, 1989. It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office bomb, grossing only $2.3 million from an", "Title: Sing (2016 American film) Content: was nominated for a Golden Globe. It screened on the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2016, premiered at Microsoft Theater on December 3, 2016 and was released in the United States on December 21, 2016, by Universal Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed $634 million worldwide. Along with \"The Secret Life of Pets\", it marked the first time that Illumination Entertainment released two feature films in the same year. It was also the last film produced by Illumination Entertainment, under its original studio name, before it was renamed simply just Illumination in 2017, starting with" ]

[ "Taron Egerton" ]

[ "Title: Hotel Content: Hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, business centre (with computers, printers, and other office equipment), childcare, conference and event facilities, tennis or basketball courts, gymnasium, restaurants, day spa, and social", "Title: Hotel Content: clientele. Hotels cater to travelers from many countries and languages, since no one country dominates the travel industry. Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify hotel types. General categories include the following: A luxury hotel offers high quality amenities, full service accommodations, on-site full-service restaurants, and the highest level of personalized and professional service. Luxury hotels are normally classified with at least a Five Diamond rating by American Automobile Association or Five Star hotel rating depending on the country and local classification", "Title: Hotel Content: ever sold. A number of public figures have notably chosen to take up semi-permanent or permanent residence in hotels. Hotel A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a dresser, a refrigerator and other kitchen facilities, upholstered chairs, a flat screen television, and en-suite bathrooms. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities. Larger, higher-priced hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, business centre (with computers, printers,", "Title: Hotel rating Content: reaching a higher categorization. The more common classification systems include \"star\" rating, letter grading, from \"A\" to \"F\", such as hotels and motels. Systems using terms such as Deluxe/Luxury, First Class/Superior, Tourist Class/Standard, and Budget Class/Economy are more widely accepted as hotel types, rather than hotel standard. Some countries have rating by a single public standard—Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Hungary have laws defining the hotel rating. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the rating is defined by the respective hotel industry association using a five-star system—the German classifications are Tourist (*), Standard (**), Comfort (***), First", "Title: Hotel Content: providing lodging. Examples include W Hotels, Shangri-La Hotels, Sheraton, Andaz, Hoshino Resorts and Banyan Tree. Full service hotels often provide a wide array of guest services and on-site facilities. Commonly found amenities may include: on-site food and beverage (room service and restaurants), meeting and conference services and facilities, fitness center, and business center. Full-service hotels range in quality from mid-scale to luxury. This classification is based upon the quality of facilities and amenities offered by the hotel. Examples include: Holiday Inn, Kimpton Hotels, Hilton, Marriott and Hyatt Regency brands. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer a limited number of", "Title: Hotel Content: standards. \"Examples include: InterContinental, Fairmont, Sofitel, Raffles, Jumeirah, Conrad, Mandarin Oriental, Four Seasons, The Peninsula, Grand Hyatt, JW Marriott and The Ritz-Carlton.\" Boutique hotels are smaller independent non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities of varying size in unique or intimate settings with full service accommodations. These hotels are generally 100 rooms or fewer. Lifestyle hotels are branded properties that appeal to a guest with specific lifestyle or personal image. They are typically full-service and sometimes classified as luxury. A key characteristic of boutique and lifestyle hotels is their focus on providing a unique guest experience as opposed to simply", "Title: Hotel Content: hotels, on-site amenities are normally limited and most extended stay hotels lack an on-site restaurant. Examples include Staybridge Suites, Candlewood Suites, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Home2 Suites by Hilton, Residence Inn by Marriott, Element, and Extended Stay America. Timeshare and Destination clubs are a form of property ownership also referred to as a vacation ownership involving the purchase and ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage during a specified period of time. Timeshare resorts often offer amenities similar that of a Full service hotel with on-site restaurant(s), swimming pools, recreation grounds, and other leisure-oriented amenities. Destination clubs", "Title: Hotel design Content: Numerous types of hotel designs exist in the world. Examples of hotel designs include guest palaces across Asia, English country inns, hotel-casino resorts, designer and art hotels, hotel-spa resorts, boutique hotels, \"no-frills\" hotels that offer very basic amenities at budget rates, basic rooming houses, monasteries offering refuge and spare bedrooms rented out in ordinary homes. Another type is capsule hotels, which are offered in Japan as an option for those who just need the basic necessities during their stay. Historically, the development of lodging areas and facilities was sometimes driven by their physical locations, such as at river crossings, at", "Title: Hotel rating Content: Hotel rating Hotel ratings are often used to classify hotels according to their quality. From the initial purpose of informing travellers on basic facilities that can be expected, the objectives of hotel rating has expanded into a focus on the hotel experience as a whole. Today the terms 'grading', 'rating', and 'classification' are used to generally refer to the same concept, that is to categorize hotels. There is a wide variety of rating schemes used by different organizations around the world. Many have a system involving stars, with a greater number of stars indicating greater luxury. Forbes Travel Guide, formerly", "Title: Hotel rating Content: AA (Automobile Association) and the national tourist boards: Visit England, Visit Wales, the Scottish Tourist Board and the Northern Ireland Tourist Board. The schemes were all 'harmonised' to ensure consistency between the schemes. This applies to all accommodation types apart from self-catering that the AA started offering in 2009. The AA criteria are available on its website. In addition to the usual black stars (ranging from one (the lowest) to five (the highest), the AA awards red stars to the highest-rated, which are deemed 'Inspectors' Choice'. Each of the national tourist boards have grading explanations on their web sites. In" ]

[ "Hotel barge", "Bed and breakfast", "Botel" ]

[ "Title: Judiciary of India Content: of High Court. The precise territorial jurisdiction of each High Court varies Judges in a high court are appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, Chief Justice of High Court and the governor of the state. The number of judges in a court is decided by dividing the average institution of main cases during the last five years by the national average, or the average rate of disposal of main cases per judge per year in that High Court, whichever is higher. The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in the country, established", "Title: High Court of Australia Content: first members were appointed under, the Judiciary Act 1903. It now operates under sections 71 to 75 of the Constitution, the \"Judiciary Act\", and the \"High Court of Australia Act\" 1979. It is composed of seven Justices: the Chief Justice of Australia, currently Susan Kiefel, and six other Justices. They are appointed by the Governor-General of Australia on the advice of the federal government, and under the constitution must retire at age 70. The High Court has had a permanent home in Canberra since 1979. The majority of its sittings are held in the High Court building, which is situated", "Title: High Court of Justiciary Content: last order was made in 2016 and increased the number of judges to 35.) Judges are appointed for life, subject to dismissal if they are found unfit for office, and subject to a compulsory retirement age of 75. The court is a unitary collegiate court, with all judges other than the Lord Justice General and the Lord Justice Clerk holding the same rank and title: Lord Commissioner of Justiciary. There are 35, in addition to a number of temporary judges; these temporary judges can be sheriffs principal, sheriffs, or advocates in private practice. The judges sit also in the Court", "Title: Indian High Courts Act 1861 Content: one High Court at Guwahati which serves Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram and Nagaland. Composition: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Appointment of the Judges: The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President with the consultation of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor of the State. The other judges are appointed by the will of President, Governor and the Chief Justice of High Court. Qualifications for the Judges (a) He should be a citizen of India. (b)", "Title: Judiciary of India Content: had its inaugural sitting on 26 January 1950, the day India's constitution came into force, and since then has delivered more than 24,000 reported judgements. The Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice and 30 other Judges. The proceedings of the Supreme Court are conducted in English only. The Supreme Court Rules of 1966 are framed under Article 145 of the Constitution to regulate the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court. The same is amended and presently governed by the Supreme Court Rules of 2013. There are 24 High Courts at the State level. of the Constitution of India mandates", "Title: High Court of Justice Content: addressed as 'Judge' in court. Justices of the High Court, Insolvency and Companies Court Judges and Masters are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of Judicial Appointments Commission, from qualified lawyers. The Lord Chancellor, and all government ministers, are statutorily required to \"uphold the continued independence of the judiciary\", and both Houses of Parliament have Standing Orders to similar effect. High Court Justices may be removed before their statutory retirement age only by a procedure requiring the approval of both Houses of Parliament. In addition to full High Court justices, other qualified persons such as retired judges, Circuit Judges", "Title: High Court (Ireland) Content: Ireland, which grants the court \"full original jurisdiction in and power to determine all matters and questions whether of law or fact, civil or criminal\", as well as the ability to determine \"the validity of any law having regard to the provisions of this Constitution\". Judges are appointed by the President. However, as with almost all the President's constitutional powers, these appointments are made on \"the advice of the Government\". In practice, this means that the judges are nominated by the government and automatically approved by the President. The High Court is composed of its president, 35 ordinary judges, and", "Title: Punjab and Haryana High Court Content: Punjab and Haryana High Court High Court of Punjab and Haryana is the common High Court for Indian states of Haryana and Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh based in Chandigarh, India. As of 21 March 2015, there are 55 judges in the High Court, comprising 45 permanent and 10 additional judges. Past judges include Jagdish Singh Khehar, who was elevated to the Supreme Court of India. The court building is known as the Palace of Justice. Designed by Le Corbusier, it and several of his other works were inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in July 2016. Punjab and", "Title: Supreme Court of India Content: the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Judges used to be appointed by the president on the advice of the union cabinet. After 1993 (the Second Judges' Case), no minister, or even the executive collectively, can suggest any names to the president, who ultimately decides on appointing them from a list of names recommended only by the \"collegium\" of the judiciary. Simultaneously, as held in that judgment, the executive was given the power to reject a recommended name. However,", "Title: Court of Session Content: subject to amendment by Order in Council. Temporary judges can also be appointed. The court is a unitary collegiate court, with all judges other than the Lord President and the Lord Justice Clerk holding the same rank and title—\"Senator of the College of Justice\" and also \"Lord\" or \"Lady of Council and Session\". There are thirty-four judges, in addition to a number of temporary judges; these temporary judges are typically sheriffs, or advocates in private practice. The judges sit also in the High Court of Justiciary, where the Lord President is called the Lord Justice General. To be eligible for" ]

[ "the President of India" ]

[ "Title: Human fertilization Content: Human fertilization Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the nineteenth century. The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The most common sequence begins with ejaculation during copulation, follows with ovulation, and finishes with fertilization. Various exceptions to this sequence are possible, including artificial insemination, \"in vitro\" fertilization, external ejaculation without copulation, or copulation shortly after ovulation.", "Title: Human fertilization Content: fertilization process. Human fertilization Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. Scientists discovered the dynamics of human fertilization in the nineteenth century. The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The most common sequence begins with ejaculation during copulation, follows with ovulation, and finishes with fertilization. Various exceptions to this sequence are possible, including artificial insemination, \"in vitro\" fertilization, external ejaculation without copulation, or copulation shortly", "Title: Fertilisation Content: the oocyte. Fusion between the oocyte plasma membranes and sperm follows and allows the sperm nucleus, the typical centriole, and atypical centriole that is attached to the flagellum, but not the mitochondria, to enter the oocyte. The protein CD9 likely mediates this fusion in mice (the binding homolog). The egg \"activates\" itself upon fusing with a single sperm cell and thereby changes its cell membrane to prevent fusion with other sperm. Zinc atoms are released during this activation. This process ultimately leads to the formation of a diploid cell called a zygote. The zygote divides to form a blastocyst and,", "Title: Human embryogenesis Content: Human embryogenesis Human embryogenesis refers to the development and formation of the human embryo. It is characterised by the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilisation occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences. Embryogenesis covers the first eight weeks", "Title: Acrosome reaction Content: Acrosome reaction During fertilization, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg in order to fertilize it. Fusing to the egg usually causes little problem, whereas penetrating through the egg's hard shell or extracellular matrix can present more of a problem to the sperm. Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. The \"acrosome\" is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperm's head. As the sperm approaches the zona", "Title: Acrosome reaction Content: Acrosome reaction During fertilization, a sperm must first fuse with the plasma membrane and then penetrate the female egg in order to fertilize it. Fusing to the egg usually causes little problem, whereas penetrating through the egg's hard shell or extracellular matrix can present more of a problem to the sperm. Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. The \"acrosome\" is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperm's head. As the sperm approaches the zona", "Title: Embryogenesis Content: to produce a new organism. In animals, the process involves a sperm fusing with an ovum, which eventually leads to the development of an embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilisation, or outside in the case of external fertilisation. The fertilized egg cell is known as the zygote. To prevent more than one sperm fertilizing the egg, polyspermy, fast block and slow block to polyspermy are used. Fast block, the membrane potential rapidly depolarizing and then returning to normal, happens immediately after an egg is fertilized by a", "Title: Development of the human body Content: of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development. In biological terms, human development entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Fertilisation occurs when the sperm cell successfully enters and fuses with an egg cell (ovum). The genetic material of the sperm and egg then combine to form a single cell called a zygote and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences. Embryogenesis covers the first eight weeks of development; at the beginning of the ninth week the embryo is termed a fetus. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the", "Title: In vitro fertilisation Content: In vitro fertilisation In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro (\"in glass\"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a liquid in a laboratory. After the fertilised egg (zygote) undergoes embryo culture for 2–6 days, it is implanted in the same or another woman's uterus, with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy. IVF is a type of assisted reproductive technology used for infertility treatment", "Title: Developmental biology Content: general rules would be expected. The sperm and egg fuse in the process of fertilization to form a fertilized egg, or zygote. This undergoes a period of divisions to form a ball or sheet of similar cells called a blastula or blastoderm. These cell divisions are usually rapid with no growth so the daughter cells are half the size of the mother cell and the whole embryo stays about the same size. They are called cleavage divisions. Morphogenetic movements convert the cell mass into a three layered structure consisting of multicellular sheets called ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, which are known" ]

[ "Human fertilization", "fertilization" ]

[ "Title: Uvea Content: Uvea The uvea (/ˈjuːvɪə/) (Lat. \"uva\", grape), also called the \"uveal layer\", \"uveal coat\", \"uveal tract\", \"vascular tunic\" or \"vascular layer\" is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye. Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern. The uvea is the vascular middle layer of the eye. It is traditionally divided into three areas, from front to back, the: The prime functions", "Title: Human eye Content: layer, known as the fibrous tunic, is composed of the cornea and sclera. The middle layer, known as the vascular tunic or uvea, consists of the choroid, ciliary body, pigmented epithelium and iris. The innermost is the retina, which gets its oxygenation from the blood vessels of the choroid (posteriorly) as well as the retinal vessels (anteriorly). The spaces of the eye are filled with the aqueous humour anteriorly, between the cornea and lens, and the vitreous body, a jelly-like substance, behind the lens, filling the entire posterior cavity. The aqueous humour is a clear watery fluid that is contained", "Title: Choroid Content: Choroid The choroid, also known as the choroidea or choroid coat, is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissues, and lying between the retina and the sclera. The human choroid is thickest at the far extreme rear of the eye (at 0.2 mm), while in the outlying areas it narrows to 0.1 mm. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract. The structure of the choroid is generally divided into four layers (classified in order of furthest away from the", "Title: Sattler's layer Content: influence of optical stimuli during eye-growth indicate that the complex function of this tissue is not entirely understood and might be one of the reasons for the frequently found separation in vascular size between Haller's and Sattle's layer. Sattler's layer Sattler's layer, named after Hubert Sattler, an Austrian ophthalmologist, is one of five (or six) layers of medium-diameter blood vessels of the choroid, and a layer of the eye. It is situated between the Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris and Haller's layer below, and the suprachoroidea above, respectively. The origin seems to be related to a continuous differentiation throughout the growth of", "Title: Uvea Content: (i.e., the body's inability to distinguish between them, with resulting misdirected inflammatory reactions). See uveitis, choroiditis, iritis, iridocyclitis, anterior uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, and uveal melanoma. Uvea The uvea (/ˈjuːvɪə/) (Lat. \"uva\", grape), also called the \"uveal layer\", \"uveal coat\", \"uveal tract\", \"vascular tunic\" or \"vascular layer\" is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye. Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern.", "Title: Iris (anatomy) Content: Iris (anatomy) In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. Eye color is defined by that of the iris. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm. The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented layer known as a stroma and, beneath the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells. The stroma connects to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil", "Title: Sclera Content: Sclera The sclera, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the human eye containing mainly collagen and some elastic fiber. In humans, the whole sclera is white, contrasting with the coloured iris, but in other mammals the visible part of the sclera matches the colour of the iris, so the white part does not normally show. In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. In children, it is thinner and shows some of the underlying pigment, appearing slightly blue. In the elderly, fatty deposits on", "Title: Uveitis Content: Uveitis Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea. The uvea consists of the middle layer of pigmented vascular structures of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveitis is an ophthalmic emergency and requires a thorough examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist and urgent treatment to control the inflammation. It is often associated with other ocular problems. Uveitis is classified anatomically into anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitic forms—based on the part of the eye primarily affected. Prior", "Title: Human eye Content: of the size of the pupil, regulation and suppression of the hormone melatonin and entrainment of the body clock. The eye is not shaped like a perfect sphere, rather it is a fused two-piece unit, composed of the anterior segment and the posterior segment. The anterior segment is made up of the cornea, iris and lens. The cornea is transparent and more curved, and is linked to the larger posterior segment, composed of the vitreous, retina, choroid and the outer white shell called the sclera. The cornea is typically about 11.5 mm (0.3 in) in diameter, and 1/2 mm (500", "Title: Sattler's layer Content: Sattler's layer Sattler's layer, named after Hubert Sattler, an Austrian ophthalmologist, is one of five (or six) layers of medium-diameter blood vessels of the choroid, and a layer of the eye. It is situated between the Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris and Haller's layer below, and the suprachoroidea above, respectively. The origin seems to be related to a continuous differentiation throughout the growth of the tissue and even further differentiation during adulthood. After excision the choroid collapses partially, histologic preparations also alter the local pressure and fluid content of different sections in the tissue, thus requiring preparations with rubber solution or others" ]

[ "middle layer", "The uvea", "uvea" ]

[ "Title: Cuban Revolution Content: successful capture of several towns including Maffo, Contramaestre, and Central Oriente, brought the Cauto plains under his control. Meanwhile, three rebel columns, under the command of Che Guevara, Camilo Cienfuegos and Jaime Vega, proceeded westward toward Santa Clara, the capital of Villa Clara Province. Batista's forces ambushed and destroyed Jaime Vega's column, but the surviving two columns reached the central provinces, where they joined forces with several other resistance groups not under the command of Castro. When Che Guevara's column passed through the province of Las Villas, and specifically through the Escambray Mountains – where the anticommunist Revolutionary Directorate forces", "Title: Cuban Revolution Content: the Spanish Civil War. In June 1955, Fidel met the Argentine revolutionary Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara, who joined his cause. Raul and Castro's chief advisor Ernesto aided the initiation of Batista's amnesty. The revolutionaries named themselves the \"26th of July Movement\", in reference to the date of their attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. The yacht \"Granma\" departed from Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico, on 25 November 1956, carrying the Castro brothers and 80 others including Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos, even though the yacht was only designed to accommodate 12 people with a maximum of 25. The yacht arrived in", "Title: Cuban Revolution Content: (who became known as the 13 March Movement) had been fighting Batista's army for many months – friction developed between the two groups of rebels. Nonetheless, the combined rebel army continued the offensive, and Cienfuegos won a key victory in the Battle of Yaguajay on 30 December 1958, earning him the nickname \"The Hero of Yaguajay\". On 31 December 1958, the Battle of Santa Clara took place in a scene of great confusion. The city of Santa Clara fell to the combined forces of Che Guevara, Cienfuegos, and Revolutionary Directorate (RD) rebels led by Comandantes Rolando Cubela, Juan (\"El Mejicano\")", "Title: Antonio Maceo Grajales Content: time and was initiated in the mysteries of Freemasonry. The Cuban Freemasonry movement was influenced by the principles of the French Revolution - \"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity\" - as well as the Masons' main guidelines: God, Reason, Virtue. Approximately two weeks after the October 10, 1868 revolt led by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes against Spain known as \"The cry of Yara\" (\"El grito de Yara\"), Maceo, together with his father and brothers joined the war. Mariana Grajales, followed her family members into the \"manigua\" (the woods and most thick countryside) in order to support the mambises, as Cuban rebels were", "Title: Cuban War of Independence Content: more land on the island than what our soldiers are stepping on”. The rebel force of 3,000 defeated the Spanish in various encounters, such as the Battle of La Reforma, and forcing the surrender of Las Tunas on August 30. The Spaniards were kept on the defensive. Las Tunas had been guarded by over 1,000 well-armed and well-supplied men. As stipulated at the Jimaguayü Assembly two years earlier, a second Constituent Assembly met in La Yaya, Camagüey, on October 10, 1897. The newly adopted constitution provided that military command was to be subordinated to civilian rule. The government was confirmed,", "Title: Cuban Revolution Content: On the 13 March 1957, a separate group of revolutionaries – the anticommunist Student Revolutionary Directorate (RD) (\"Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil\", DRE), composed mostly of students – stormed the Presidential Palace in Havana, attempting to assassinate Batista and decapitate the government. The attack ended in utter failure. The RD's leader, student José Antonio Echeverría, died in a shootout with Batista's forces at the Havana radio station he had seized to spread the news of Batista's anticipated death. The handful of survivors included Dr. Humberto Castello (who later became the Inspector General in the Escambray), Rolando Cubela and Faure Chomon (both later", "Title: Cuban Revolution Content: Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution () was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's revolutionary 26th of July Movement and its allies against the authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista. The revolution began in July 1953, and continued sporadically until the rebels finally ousted Batista on 31 December 1959, replacing his government with a revolutionary socialist state. 26 July 1959 is celebrated in Cuba as the \"Day of the Revolution\". The 26th of July Movement later reformed along communist lines, becoming the Communist Party in October 1965. The Cuban Revolution had powerful domestic and international repercussions. In particular, it", "Title: Joaquín de Agüero Content: Joaquín de Agüero Joaquín de Agüero (November 15, 1816, Puerto Príncipe – August 12, 1851, Puerto Príncipe) was a Cuban revolutionary. In 1843 he freed all his slaves. In 1851 he headed an insurrection against the Spanish government, in the central part of the island. After a desperate contest, he was defeated in battle, captured, and shot, together with his main followers. Joaquín de Agüero studied law in the city of Havana, but returned home as soon as he received notice that his father had become terminally ill. After his father's passing, he inherited his father's land and slaves. A", "Title: Cuban War of Independence Content: Roloff and Serafín Sánchez in Las Villas, who brought weapons, men and experience to the revolutionaries' arsenal. In mid-September, representatives of the five Liberation Army Corps assembled in Jimaguayú, Camagüey to approve the “Jimaguayú Constitution.” They established a central government, which grouped the executive and legislative powers into one entity named “Government Council”, headed by Salvador Cisneros and Bartolomé Masó. After some time of consolidation in the three eastern provinces, the liberation armies headed for Camagüey and then Matanzas, outmaneuvering and deceiving the Spanish Army several times. They defeated Spanish Gen. Arsenio Martínez-Campos y Antón, who had gained victory in", "Title: Santiago de Cuba Content: surrounding hills, General William Rufus Shafter laid siege to the city. Spain later surrendered to the United States after Admiral William T. Sampson destroyed the Spanish Atlantic fleet just outside Santiago's harbor on July 3, 1898. José Martí, a Cuban poet, writer, and national hero, is buried in Santa Ifigenia Cemetery. Santiago was also the home of the revolutionary hero Frank País. On July 26, 1953, the Cuban Revolution began with an ill-prepared armed attack on the Moncada Barracks by a small contingent of rebels led by Fidel Castro. Shortly after this disastrous incident, País began talking with students and" ]

[ "Máximo Gomez", "José Martí", "Antonio Maceo" ]

[ "Title: Paleolithic Europe Content: human remains have been found that are from 1.2 million years ago. The earliest evidence for the use of the more advanced Acheulean technology are 900,000-year-old flint hand axes found in Iberia. Notable human fossils from this most ancient period of European prehistory are Kozarnika in Bulgaria 1.4 mya, Atapuerca in Spain 1.2 mya, Mauer 1 from Germany 500k, Eartham Pit, Boxgrove England 478k, Swanscombe Man from England 400k, and Tautavel Man from France 400k. The oldest complete hunting weapons ever found anywhere in the world were discovered in 1995 in a coal mine in Schoningen, Germany, where three 380,000-year-old", "Title: Trademark Content: marks at the UK Patent Office for the first time. Registration was considered to comprise \"prima facie\" evidence of ownership of a trade mark and registration of marks began on 1 January 1876. The 1875 Act defined a registrable trade mark as 'a device, or mark, or name of an individual or firm printed in some particular and distinctive manner; or a written signature or copy of a written signature of an individual or firm; or a distinctive label or ticket'. In the United States, Congress first attempted to establish a federal trademark regime in 1870. This statute purported to", "Title: History of weapons Content: killing more easily. There is as yet no direct evidence for bows during the African Pleistocene, and the hypothesis that very early, stone points were used to tip darts or arrows remains unsupported by use-trace studies and contextual evidence. Some hypothesised concomitants, such as the use of bow drills, also remain elusive.<ref name=\"publication/256678582_Indications_of_Bow_and_Stone-Tipped_Arrow_Use_64000_Years_Ago_in_KwaZulu-Natal_South_Africa\"></ref> Bows and arrows had arrived in Europe by the Late Paleolithic period, around 9,000-11,000 years ago, and seem to have arrived in the Americas by at least 6,000 BCE. The oldest extant bows, from the Holmegård region in Denmark, date to around 6,000 BCE. The bows were", "Title: Tool Content: \"instrument\", \"utensil\", \"device\", or ware. Anthropologists believe that the use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind. Because tools are used extensively by both humans and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the divergence between the two species. These early tools, however, were likely made of perishable materials such as sticks, or consisted of unmodified stones that cannot be distinguished from other stones as tools. Stone artifacts only date back to about 2.5 million years ago. However, a 2010 study suggests the hominin species \"Australopithecus", "Title: Cup and ring mark Content: Cup and ring mark Cup and ring marks or cup marks are a form of prehistoric art found mainly in the Atlantic seaboard of Europe (Ireland, Wales, Northern England, Scotland, France (Brittany), Portugal, and Spain (Galicia) – and in Mediterranean Europe – Italy (in Alpine valleys and Sardinia) and Greece (Thessalia), as well as in Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, and Finland) and in Switzerland (at Caschenna in Grisons). Similar forms are also found throughout the world including Australia, Gabon, Greece, Hawaii, India (Daraki-Chattan), Israel, Mexico and Mozambique. The oldest known forms are found from the Fertile Crescent to India. They consist", "Title: Stone tool Content: detach or shatter, such as a bone or tuber. The earliest known Oldowan tools yet found date from 2.6 million years ago, during the Lower Palaeolithic period, and have been uncovered at Gona in Ethiopia. After this date, the Oldowan Industry subsequently spread throughout much of Africa, although archaeologists are currently unsure which Hominan species first developed them, with some speculating that it was \"Australopithecus garhi\", and others believing that it was in fact \"Homo habilis\". \"Homo habilis\" was the hominin who used the tools for most of the Oldowan in Africa, but at about 1.9-1.8 million years ago Homo", "Title: Early Indian epigraphy Content: Early Indian epigraphy The earliest traces of epigraphy in the Indian Subcontinent are found in the undeciphered inscriptions of the Indus Valley Civilization (Indus script), which date back to the early 3rd millennium BC. Two other important archeological classes of symbols are found from the 1st millennium BCE, Megalithic Graffiti Symbols and symbols on punch-marked coins, though most scholars do not consider these to constitute fully linguistic scripts, and their semiotic functions are not well understood. The earliest deciphered epigraphic inscriptions of significant length are the Edicts of Ashoka of the 3rd century BCE, written in forms of Prakrit in", "Title: Runes Content: \"j\", \"s\", and \"ŋ\" runes undergo considerable modifications, while others, such as \"p\" and \"ï\", remain unattested altogether prior to the first full futhark row on the Kylver Stone ( 400 AD). Artifacts such as spear heads or shield mounts have been found that bear runic marking that may be dated to 200 AD, as evidenced by artifacts found across northern Europe in Schleswig (North Germany), Fyn, Sjælland, Jylland (Denmark), and Skåne (Sweden). Earlier—but less reliable—artifacts have been found in Meldorf, Süderdithmarschen, northern Germany; these include brooches and combs found in graves, most notably the Meldorf fibula, and are supposed", "Title: United Kingdom trade mark law Content: registration of trade marks at the UK Patent Office for the first time. Registration was considered to comprise prima facie evidence of ownership of a trade mark and registration of marks began on 1 January 1876. The first trade mark to be so registered was the red triangle of the Bass Brewery. The 1875 Act defined a registrable trade mark as \"a device, or mark, or name of an individual or firm printed in some particular and distinctive manner; or a written signature or copy of a written signature of an individual or firm; or a distinctive label or ticket\".", "Title: Bookmark Content: bookmark dates from the 6th century AD and it is made of ornamented leather lined with vellum on the back and was attached with a leather strap to the cover of a Coptic codex (Codex A, MS 813 Chester Beatty Library, Dublin). It was found near Sakkara, Egypt, under the ruins of the monastery Apa Jeremiah. Further earliest bookmarks and remnants of them have been found in Coptic codices dating from the 1st to the 11th century and in Carolingian codices from the 8th to the 12th century. Bookmarks were used throughout the medieval period, consisting usually of a small" ]

[ "1835" ]

[ "Title: 2018 Australian Open – Men's Singles Content: 2018 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and successfully defended his title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–2, 6–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1. It was Federer's 20th Grand Slam singles title and record-equalling sixth Australian Open men's singles title (tied with Roy Emerson and Novak Djokovic). With the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least six titles at two Grand Slam tournaments (six at the Australian Open and eight at Wimbledon). Federer became the oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era since Ken Rosewall in", "Title: 2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles Content: the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least five titles at three Grand Slam tournaments (five at the Australian Open, seven at Wimbledon and five at the US Open). The win was also Federer's first title on the ATP tour in over 12 months; his last win was at Basel on 1 November 2015. This was the first Grand Slam tournament in which Andy Murray started as World No. 1 and top seed. Murray retained the top ranking despite losing to Mischa Zverev in the fourth round, because second seeded Djokovic needed to win the tournament", "Title: 2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final Content: 2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final The 2017 Australian Open Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2017 Australian Open. It was contested between Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, ranked 17th and 9th in the world respectively. It was their record ninth meeting in a Grand Slam final in their rivalry, and their 1st meeting in a Grand Slam final since the 2011 French Open. In a rematch of the 2009 Australian Open final, which Nadal won in 5 sets, Roger Federer won the duel in 5 sets, beating Nadal for", "Title: 2017 Australian Open Series Content: 2017 Australian Open Series In tennis, the 2017 Australian Open Series, (sometimes known as the 'Australian Summer of Tennis' which includes a group of hard court tournaments that starts on July 1, 2017 and concludes with the men's singles final at the Australian Open on January 29, 2017. France vs. United States Johanna Konta was the defending champion,but chose not to participate this year Viktor Troicki was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Gilles Müller. Müller went on to win his first ATP title, defeating Daniel Evans in the final, 7–6, 6–2. Alizé Cornet was the", "Title: 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Content: 2019 Australian Open – Men's Singles Roger Federer is the two-time defending champion. Federer will become the oldest man ever to win the Australian Open if he wins the title. Currently, Ken Rosewall remains the oldest Australian Open champion, at 37 years and 2 months, a record that remains unbeaten since 1972. Either Federer or Novak Djokovic can set a new all-time record by winning a seventh Australian Open title. Federer could become only the second man in the Open Era (after Djokovic in 2011, 2012 and 2013) to win three consecutive Australian Open titles. Rafael Nadal can become the", "Title: 2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final Content: men's singles Grand Slam defeating four top 10 players for the title was 35 years ago, accomplished by the unseeded 17 year-old Mats Wilander at the 1982 French Open - Men's Singles. The 2017 Australian Open men's singles final also marked Federer's 100th Australian Open match. Winning the 2017 Australian Open catapulted Federer back into the top 10 rankings at No. 10. Nadal's runner-up position advanced his rank from No. 9 to No. 6. Nadal and Federer would continue their resurgent form throughout the season, each winning two of the four majors (Federer winning a record eighth Wimbledon title, Nadal", "Title: 2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final Content: his years-long quest since his 2012 Wimbledon title win for his 18th Grand Slam singles title, which previously saw three finals appearances and losses all to then-reigning No. 1 Novak Djokovic at the 2014 Wimbledon, 2015 Wimbledon and the 2015 US Open. At 35 years and 174 days of age, Federer became the second-oldest winner of a Grand Slam after Ken Rosewall since 1972. Considered altogether along with his return from his six-month injury layoff, his 2017 Australian Open run seeing three 5-set match wins over top 10 players, and his Grand Slam match history of losses against Nadal, Federer's", "Title: 2017 Australian Open – Men's singles final Content: to win the Australian Open title, Nadal was also denied, for the second time after the 2014 Australian Open men's singles final, from becoming the first man to achieve a double career Grand Slam in the Open Era. Furthermore, Federer's victory over Nadal in the Australian Open 2017 final was his first Grand Slam match win over Nadal since the 2007 Wimbledon final nearly a decade earlier, and also marked Federer's first ever win over Nadal in a Grand Slam match outside of the grass courts of Wimbledon. Most importantly, Federer's 2017 Australian Open title victory marked the culmination of", "Title: 2018 Australian Open Content: 2018 Australian Open The 2018 Australian Open was a tennis tournament played at Melbourne Park between 15–28 January 2018, and was the first Grand Slam tournament of the 2018 season. The tournament consisted of events for professional players in singles, doubles and mixed doubles play. Junior and wheelchair players compete in singles and doubles tournaments. Roger Federer was the defending champion in the men's singles event and successfully retained his title (his sixth), defeating Marin Čilić in the final, while Caroline Wozniacki won the women's title, defeating Simona Halep in the final to win her first Grand Slam. The tournament", "Title: 2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles Content: 2017 Australian Open – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the second round to the 117th ranked Denis Istomin from Uzbekistan. It was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships, where he lost to Marat Safin, that Djokovic failed to make it past the second round of a major and the first time since the 2006 Australian Open that he failed to make it to the third round in Melbourne. Roger Federer won his fifth Australian Open title, and 18th Major title overall, defeating Rafael Nadal in the final in five sets. With" ]

[ "Roger Federer" ]

[ "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: 2017, Brazil returned to the No. 1 spot for the first time since just prior to the 2010 World Cup, but Germany regained the top spot in July after winning the Confederations Cup. In August 2018, France became the leader in the FIFA rankings again after nearly 16 years, having won the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and this is also the first time FIFA adopted the Elo rating system to the ranking system. One month later, for the first time two teams were tied at the top spot as Belgium returned to the number one spot with the same ranking", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: The 19 July 2018 release was cancelled following the new calculation method implementation. FIFA World Rankings The FIFA World Ranking is a ranking system for men's national teams in association football, currently led by Belgium. The teams of the member nations of FIFA, football's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with the most successful teams being ranked highest. The rankings were introduced in December 1992, and eight teams (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) have held the top position, of which Brazil have spent the longest ranked first. A points system is", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: FIFA World Rankings The FIFA World Ranking is a ranking system for men's national teams in association football, currently led by Belgium. The teams of the member nations of FIFA, football's world governing body, are ranked based on their game results with the most successful teams being ranked highest. The rankings were introduced in December 1992, and eight teams (Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) have held the top position, of which Brazil have spent the longest ranked first. A points system is used, with points being awarded based on the results of all FIFA-recognised full", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: international matches. The ranking system has been revamped on several occasions, generally responding to criticism that the preceding calculation method did not effectively reflect the relative strengths of the national teams. The current version of the ranking system was first used on 16 August 2018, adapted from the Elo rating system used in chess and Go. The rankings remain slightly different from the unofficial World Football Elo Ratings, which makes different presumptions and adaptations to the FIFA rankings. In December 1992, FIFA first published a listing in rank order of its member associations to provide a basis for comparison of", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: eliminated in the first round of the World Cup – remaining as the top ranked team. FIFA had originally planned to use existing world ranking points from June 2018 as the start value, but when the August rankings appeared, the starting points had been changed to an equal distribution of points between 1600 (Germany, as the previously top ranked team) and 868 (Anguilla, Bahamas, Eritrea, Somalia, Tonga and Turks and Caicos Islands, which had 0 points in June), according to the formula: formula_1, where R is the rank in June 2018. When two or more teams had equal ranks, the", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: the top spot for the first time, only to relinquish it the following month. In July 2014, Germany took over the lead once again, having won the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In July 2015, Argentina reached the top spot for the first time since 2008, after reaching both the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final, as well as the 2015 Copa America Final. In November 2015, Belgium became the leader in the FIFA rankings for the first time, after topping their Euro 2016 qualifying group. Belgium led the rankings until April 2016, when Argentina returned to the top. On 6 April", "Title: The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 Content: three nominees were announced on 22 September 2017. Celtic supporters won the award with nearly 56% of the vote. The 55–player men's shortlist was announced on 20 September 2017. The players chosen included Gianluigi Buffon as goalkeeper, Dani Alves, Leonardo Bonucci, Sergio Ramos, and Marcelo as defenders, Luka Modrić, Toni Kroos, and Andrés Iniesta as midfielders, and Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, and Neymar as forwards. The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 were held on 23 October 2017 in London, England. The ceremony was held at the London Palladium and was hosted by Idris Elba", "Title: Italy national football team Content: colour of the House of Savoy's banner. The national team is also known for its long-standing rivalries with other top footballing nations, such as those with Brazil, France, Germany and Spain. In the FIFA World Ranking, in force since August 1993, Italy has occupied the first place several times, in November 1993 and during 2007 (February, April-June, September), with its worst placement in August 2018 in 21st place. The team's first match was held in Milan on 15 May 1910. Italy defeated France by a score of 6–2, with Italy's first goal scored by Pietro Lana. Some turmoil kept the", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: will be updated on a game-by-game basis. The weighting designated for each confederation for ranking purposes will be abolished. However, the new methodology does not account for home or away games and margin of the victory, as Elo rankings. FIFA had intended to introduce the new ranking system in July 2018, but with no matches scheduled between the July and August ranking dates, delayed until August 2018. There was speculation from football journalists such as ESPN's Dale Johnson that this was because projections of the new rankings had seen relatively little change in positions, with Germany – who had been", "Title: FIFA World Rankings Content: the relative strengths of these teams. From the following August, this list was more frequently updated, to be published most months. Significant changes were implemented in January 1999 and again in July 2006, as a reaction to criticisms of the system. Historical records of the rankings, such as listed at FIFA.com, reflect the method of calculation in use at the time, as the current method has not been applied retrospectively to rankings prior to July 2006. Membership of FIFA has expanded from 167 to 211 since the rankings began; all 211 members are currently included in the rankings. The ranking" ]

[ "Germany" ]

[ "Title: Bed Content: Versailles women received their friends in their beds, both before and after childbirth, during periods of mourning, and even directly after marriage—in fact in any circumstances which were thought deserving of congratulation or condolence. During the 17th century this curious custom became general, perhaps to avoid the tiresome details of etiquette. Portable beds were used in high society in France until the end of the \"Ancien Régime\". The earliest of which mention has been found belonged to Charles the Bold. They had curtains over a light framework, and were in their way as fine as the stationary beds. Iron beds", "Title: France in the twentieth century Content: powerful Germany, was a common theme in the early twentieth century. Natalist policies were proposed in the 1930s, and implemented in the 1940s. France experienced a baby boom after 1945; it reversed a long-term record of low birth rates. In addition, there was a steady immigration, especially from former French colonies in North Africa. The population grew from 41 million in 1946, to 50 million in 1966, and 60 million by 1990. The farm population decline sharply, from 35% of the workforce in 1945 to under 5% by 2000. By 2004, France had the second highest birthrate in Europe, behind", "Title: Health care in France Content: the nation's health services, to require the registration of infectious diseases, to mandate quarantines, and to improve the deficient health and housing legislation of 1850. However the reformers met opposition from bureaucrats, politicians, and physicians. Because it was so threatening to so many interests, the proposal was debated and postponed for 20 years before becoming law in 1902. Success finally came when the government realized that contagious diseases had a national security impact in weakening military recruits, and keeping the population growth rate well below Germany's. The current system has undergone several changes since its foundation in 1945, though the", "Title: Household Content: (1966) Inside piped water supply: 90.3% (1966) Flush toilet: 94.0% (1966) Fixed bath or shower: 98.1% (1966) Percentage of households in selected European countries owning at least one car (1978): Belgium: 69.9% Denmark: 57.0% France: 66.9% Ireland: 65.1% Italy: 69.1% Netherlands: 67.2% United Kingdom: 54.4% West Germany: 62.6% Distributions of the three main kinds of housing tenure in various societies: Social rented: Australia (1988): 5% Denmark (1990): 21% France (1990): 17% Germany (1990): 25% Ireland (1990): 14% United Kingdom (1990): 27% Belgium (1986): 6% Italy (1990): 5% Netherlands (1988): 43% Spain (1989): 1% United States (1980): 2% Private rented: Australia", "Title: History of Germany Content: grew 60% from 1815 to 1865, from 21,000,000 to 34,000,000. The era saw the Demographic Transition take place in Germany. It was a transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth and death rates as the country developed from a pre-industrial to a modernized agriculture and supported a fast-growing industrialized urban economic system. In previous centuries, the shortage of land meant that not everyone could marry, and marriages took place after age 25. After 1815, increased agricultural productivity meant a larger food supply, and a decline in famines, epidemics, and malnutrition. This allowed couples to marry", "Title: Human rights in France Content: religion in France is guaranteed by the constitutional rights set forth in the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. France legalized women's suffrage on 21 April 1944. The Neuwirth law legalized birth control methods on 28 December 1967. Youths were given anonymous and free access to them in 1974. Abortion was legalized in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy by the Veil law on 17 January 1975. Homosexuality was decriminalized during the Revolution by the law of the 25 September – 6 October 1791. On 6 August 1942 Vichy government introduced a discriminative law in", "Title: Combined oral contraceptive pill Content: per month. In 1962, Schering's Anovlar and Searle's Conovid-E were added to the FPA's Approved List of Contraceptives. On December 28, 1967, the Neuwirth Law legalized contraception in France, including the pill. The pill is the most popular form of contraception in France, especially among young women. It accounts for 60% of the birth control used in France. The abortion rate has remained stable since the introduction of the pill. In Japan, lobbying from the Japan Medical Association prevented the pill from being approved for general use for nearly 40 years. The higher dose \"second generation\" pill was approved for", "Title: Birth control in France Content: by the social security system in France. In 1999 he morning-after pill (or emergency contraception pill) is available in pharmacies without prescription. And two years later in 2001, the law of the Aubry law by the Parliament on abortion in France and contraception was finally adopted. The statutory period for abortion is fixed to 12 weeks and not only 10. Minors can be accompanied by an adult of their choice to obtain an abortion. In France, a prescription is required to obtain hormonal birth control. In France, there are various means of contraception. The pill is the most well-known and", "Title: History of Germany Content: earlier, and have more children. Arranged marriages became uncommon as young people were now allowed to choose their own marriage partners, subject to a veto by the parents. The high birthrate was offset by a very high rate of infant mortality and emigration, especially after about 1840, mostly to the German settlements in the United States, plus periodic epidemics and harvest failures. The upper and middle classes began to practice birth control, and a little later so too did the peasants. Before 1850 Germany lagged far behind the leaders in industrial development – Britain, France, and Belgium. In 1800, Germany's", "Title: Baby boom Content: two decades into fighting HIV, which lead the number of babies born far outstripping the deaths from AIDS. After being in a lull of low birth rates, France experienced a baby boom after 1945. The sense that the population was too small, especially in regard to the more powerful Germany, was a common theme in the early 20th century. Pronatalist policies were proposed in the 1930s and implemented in the 1940s. In addition, there was steady immigration, especially from former French colonies in North Africa. The population of France grew from 40.5 million in 1946 to nearly 50 million in" ]

[ "the 12th century" ]

[ "Title: The Glory of Love (song) Content: The Glory of Love (song) \"The Glory of Love\" is a song written by Billy Hill, recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, whose version was a number one pop hit. Subsequently, the song has been recorded by a vast number of artists, ranging from Dean Martin to Jimmy Durante to Paul McCartney. Bette Midler included the song in her film \"Beaches\" (1988) and it appears in the soundtrack recording. In 1951, R&B vocal group, The Five Keys, had their biggest R&B hit with their version of the song, hitting number one on the R&B chart for four non-consecutive weeks. Although", "Title: Glory of Love Content: Original Song, and a Golden Globe in the category of Best Original Song. It was also nominated for a Grammy Award in 1987 for Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Male Artist. It went on to win an ASCAP Award for Most Performed Songs from a Motion Picture and a BMI Film & TV Award for Most Performed Song from a Film. According to Cetera, he originally wrote and composed \"Glory of Love\" as the end title for the 1985 film \"Rocky IV\", but it was passed over by United Artists, and instead was used as the theme for \"The", "Title: The Glory of Love (song) Content: The Five Keys recording sold a reported million copies, pressed recordings are very rare. In 1967, Otis Redding recorded a cover version for his 1968 album, \"The Dock of the Bay\". Redding's cover became a top 20 hit and reached number nineteen on the \"Billboard\" R&B Songs chart and number sixty on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The Glory of Love (song) \"The Glory of Love\" is a song written by Billy Hill, recorded by Benny Goodman in 1936, whose version was a number one pop hit. Subsequently, the song has been recorded by a vast number of artists, ranging from", "Title: Glory of Love Content: Glory of Love \"Glory of Love\" is a 1986 song by Peter Cetera written and composed by Cetera, David Foster, and Cetera's then-wife Diane Nini, and recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the 1986 film \"The Karate Kid Part II\", it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and it was included on his 1986 album, \"Solitude/Solitaire\", which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name=\"Solitude/SolitaireCD\"></ref> (Cetera released this album to coincide with the theatrical release of \"The Karate Kid Part II\".)", "Title: Glory of Love Content: new release. Glory of Love \"Glory of Love\" is a 1986 song by Peter Cetera written and composed by Cetera, David Foster, and Cetera's then-wife Diane Nini, and recorded by Cetera shortly after he left the band Chicago to pursue a solo career. Featured in the 1986 film \"The Karate Kid Part II\", it was Cetera's first hit single after he left the band, reaching number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and it was included on his 1986 album, \"Solitude/Solitaire\", which Michael Omartian produced.<ref name=\"Solitude/SolitaireCD\"></ref> (Cetera released this album to coincide with the theatrical release of \"The Karate Kid", "Title: Glory of Love Content: \"Glory of Love\" peaked at number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on August 2, 1986, remaining in that spot for two weeks. It also spent five weeks atop the U.S. adult contemporary chart. \"Billboard\" ranked the power ballad as number fourteen on the Top Pop Singles of 1986,<ref name=\"BB 12/27/86\"></ref> and number four on the Top Adult Contemporary Singles of 1986. The song achieved similar success in the UK, peaking at number three on the UK Singles Chart, where it was the 26th best-selling single of 1986. The song earned nominations for an Academy Award for Best", "Title: Cathy Jean and the Roommates Content: Cathy Jean and the group had never met in person when the record was issued. Credited to Cathy Jean and the Roommates, and promoted by leading radio DJ \"Murray the K\", the record rose to #12 in the \"Billboard\" pop chart in early 1961. The Roommates then had success with their own record, \"Glory of Love\", a song first recorded in 1936 by Benny Goodman and an R&B chart hit in 1951 for The Five Keys. The Roommates' version reached #49 on the chart. The group continued to back Cathy Jean on her later singles, toured with her and recorded", "Title: Glory (Jay-Z song) Content: Glory (Jay-Z song) \"Glory\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z featuring his daughter Blue Ivy Carter (credited as B.I.C.) and background vocals from Pharrell Williams. Produced by The Neptunes, it premiered on Jay-Z's official website LifeandTimes.com on January 9, 2012, two days after his wife Beyoncé Knowles gave birth to the couple's first child Blue. \"Glory\" impacted US urban contemporary radio stations on January 17, 2012. The melodic hip hop is an emotional homage to Jay-Z's baby girl and wife. Lyrically, \"Glory\" is about the experience and the happiness of becoming a father for the first time. It also", "Title: Glory to God Content: Glory to God \"Glory to God\" is a Christmas carol popular among American and Canadian Reformed churches that have Dutch roots. It is translated from the Dutch \"Ere Zij God\" and is one of the most beloved carols sung in Protestant churches in the Netherlands. Whether the original text is the Dutch \"Ere Zij God\" or the German \"Ehre sei Gott\", the lyrics are inspired by the words that the angels sang when the birth of Christ was announced to shepherds in . The song first appeared in print in 1857 in the hymnal \"Het nachtegaaltje\" (The little nightingale), compiled", "Title: Melody of Love (song) Content: Melody of Love (song) \"Melody of Love\" is a popular song. The music was originally written by Hans Engelmann in 1903. The lyrics were added by Tom Glazer in 1954. Although recorded by Edison Records within a year of its release, the song's breakthrough came in 1955 with an instrumental version recorded by Billy Vaughn. Other charting versions in 1955 were by David Carroll, by The Four Aces, and by Leo Diamond. The recording by Billy Vaughn was released by Dot Records as catalog number 15247. It first reached the \"Billboard\" Best Seller chart on December 1, 1954 and lasted" ]

[ "Billy Hill" ]

[ "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin", "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: On the Origin of Species On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin", "Title: Genetics and the Origin of Species Content: the 1990 edition of \"Great Books of the Western World\", placing it with Charles Darwin's two great works \"The Origin of Species\" and \"The Descent of Man\". A third edition was published in 1951. Genetics and the Origin of Species Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern synthesis, and was one of the earliest. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists, and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution. In his", "Title: Genetics and the Origin of Species Content: Genetics and the Origin of Species Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by the Ukrainian-American evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. It is regarded as one of the most important works of the modern synthesis, and was one of the earliest. The book popularized the work of population genetics to other biologists, and influenced their appreciation for the genetic basis of evolution. In his book, Dobzhansky applied the theoretical work of Sewall Wright (1889-1988) to the study of natural populations, allowing him to address evolutionary problems in a novel way during his time. Dobzhansky implements theories of mutation,", "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: Mayr summarised as follows: In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form. Nature was widely believed to be unstable and capricious, with monstrous births from union between species, and spontaneous generation of life. The Protestant Reformation inspired a", "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: and that humans were unique, unrelated to other animals. The political and theological implications were intensely debated, but transmutation was not accepted by the scientific mainstream. The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution,", "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: races, for instance, of the cabbage\" and \"the hereditary varieties or races of our domestic animals and plants\", there are three instances in the book where the phrase \"races of man\" is used, referring to races of humans. \"On the Origin of Species\" was first published on Thursday 24 November 1859, priced at fifteen shillings with a first printing of 1250 copies. The book had been offered to booksellers at Murray's autumn sale on Tuesday 22 November, and all available copies had been taken up immediately. In total, 1,250 copies were printed but after deducting presentation and review copies, and", "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: unrivalled explanatory power; it has also become essential to applied sciences such as medicine and agriculture. Despite the scientific consensus, a religion-based political controversy has developed over how evolution is taught in schools, especially in the United States. Interest in Darwin's writings continues, and scholars have generated an extensive literature, the Darwin Industry, about his life and work. The text of \"Origin\" itself has been subject to much analysis including a variorum, detailing the changes made in every edition, first published in 1959, and a concordance, an exhaustive external index published in 1981. Worldwide commemorations of the 150th anniversary of", "Title: On the Origin of Species Content: by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, \"Origin\" was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18 languages. Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws, harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos. In", "Title: Systematics and the Origin of Species Content: Systematics and the Origin of Species Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist is a book written by zoologist and evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr, first published in 1942 by Columbia University Press. The book became one of the canonical publications on the modern synthesis. Based on Mayr's Jesup Lectures delivered at Columbia University in 1941, the book combines concepts of zoology and genetics, and features Mayr's biological species concept. The biological species concept defines a species in terms of biological factors such as reproduction, taking into account ecology, geography, and life history; it remains an" ]

[ "Charles Darwin" ]

[ "Title: Rip It Up (Little Richard song) Content: singer-songwriter Eiichi Ohtaki recorded a song called \"陽気に行こうぜ～恋にしびれて\"—the Japanese title of \"Rip It Up\" and Elvis Presley’s \"All Shook Up\", respectively—which ‘merges’ the two songs into one. It is included in his posthumous album \"Debut Again\" in 2016. Rip It Up (Little Richard song) \"Rip It Up\" is a song written by Robert Blackwell and John Marascalco. It was first released by Little Richard in June 1956. Bill Haley and his Comets also released a recording of the song that year. The Little Richard version hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers chart for two weeks and peaked at", "Title: Rip It Up (Little Richard song) Content: Rip It Up (Little Richard song) \"Rip It Up\" is a song written by Robert Blackwell and John Marascalco. It was first released by Little Richard in June 1956. Bill Haley and his Comets also released a recording of the song that year. The Little Richard version hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers chart for two weeks and peaked at number 17 on the pop chart. The Bill Haley and the Comets recording reached number 25 on the \"Billboard\" pop singles chart and number four in the UK. Bill Haley and the Comets also performed their version of", "Title: Rip It Up (Little Richard song) Content: Back sessions in 1969, The Beatles recorded the song as part of a medley with \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\" and \"Blue Suede Shoes.\" This recording was released in 1996 on the album \"Anthology 3\". It was recorded in 1975 by John Lennon on his album \"Rock 'n' Roll\", in a medley together with the song \"Ready Teddy.\" Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen included the song on their \"Hot Licks, Cold Steel & Truckers Favorites\" album in 1972. In 1978, Billy \"Crash\" Craddock released his version on his album \"Turning Up and Turning On\". In 1987, Los Lobos included", "Title: Rip It Up (Little Richard song) Content: the song in the 1956 film \"Don't Knock the Rock\", in which Little Richard also appeared. The song was also recorded by Elvis Presley, Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Gerry and the Pacemakers, and Gene Vincent. The Everly Brothers recorded their version of this song in 1957 (#57 in Australia, it did not chart in US or UK). English instrumental group The Tornados included the song on their 1964 album \"Away from It All\". Wanda Jackson included it on her 1964 album \"Two Sides Of Wanda\" and again on her 2011 album \"The Party Ain't Over\". During the Get", "Title: Orange Juice (band) Content: Orange Juice (band) Orange Juice was a Scottish post-punk band founded in the Glasgow suburb of Bearsden as the Nu-Sonics in 1976. Edwyn Collins formed the Nu-Sonics (named after a cheap brand of guitar) with his school-mate Alan Duncan and was subsequently joined by James Kirk and Steven Daly, who left a band called The Machetes. The band became Orange Juice in 1979. They are best known for the hit \"Rip It Up\", which reached number 8 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1983, the band's only UK Top 40 hit. The band released their first singles during 1980", "Title: Rip It Up (Orange Juice song) Content: Rip It Up (Orange Juice song) \"Rip It Up\" was a 1983 single by Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice. It was the second single to be released from their 1982 album of the same name. The song became the band's only UK top 40 success, reaching no. 8 in the chart. \"Rip It Up\" signalled a departure from the sound of the band's earlier singles, with Chic-influenced guitars and using a synthesiser to create a more disco-oriented sound. The song was sampled in 2009 by British soul singer Beverley Knight on her song \"In Your Shoes\" from the album \"100%\".", "Title: Rake It Up Content: Rake It Up \"Rake It Up\" is a song recorded by American rapper Yo Gotti from his collaborative mixtape with record producer Mike WiLL Made-It titled \"Gotti Made-It\" (2017), featuring vocals by American rapper Nicki Minaj. The song also serves as the lead single from Gotti's ninth studio album, \"I Still Am\". Produced by Mike WiLL Made-It and 30 Roc, the song was released on June 1, 2017. The song's music video premiered August 21 on Tidal, and was subsequently released on YouTube on August 26. The song peaked at number eight on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it", "Title: Rip It Up (Orange Juice song) Content: sea, drawn by Edwyn Collins. Rip It Up (Orange Juice song) \"Rip It Up\" was a 1983 single by Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice. It was the second single to be released from their 1982 album of the same name. The song became the band's only UK top 40 success, reaching no. 8 in the chart. \"Rip It Up\" signalled a departure from the sound of the band's earlier singles, with Chic-influenced guitars and using a synthesiser to create a more disco-oriented sound. The song was sampled in 2009 by British soul singer Beverley Knight on her song \"In Your", "Title: Rip It Up (Little Richard song) Content: the song on their movie soundtrack \"((La Bamba)) \" James Booker recorded the song as part of a medley with \"Long Tall Sally\". In 2015, the recording was released on the album \"Live From Belle Vue\". Little Richard also sang this song on the PBS special \"Doo Wop 51\". Alvin and the Chipmunks recorded the song for \"Film Flam,\" a 1985 episode of their TV series. In 2004, the band Hanson released their version during their \"Underneath Acoustic Live\". Cliff Richard featured a version on his 100th album in 2013, titled \"The Fabulous Rock 'n' Roll Songbook\". In 1997, Japanese", "Title: Rake It Up Content: Rolling Loud Festival performance on May 13, 2018, in Miami, preceded by \"Chun-Li\" and \"MotorSport\". Rake It Up \"Rake It Up\" is a song recorded by American rapper Yo Gotti from his collaborative mixtape with record producer Mike WiLL Made-It titled \"Gotti Made-It\" (2017), featuring vocals by American rapper Nicki Minaj. The song also serves as the lead single from Gotti's ninth studio album, \"I Still Am\". Produced by Mike WiLL Made-It and 30 Roc, the song was released on June 1, 2017. The song's music video premiered August 21 on Tidal, and was subsequently released on YouTube on August" ]

[ "Orange Juice", "Scottish post-punk band Orange Juice" ]

[ "Title: 2018 Winter Olympics Content: 2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games () and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County, Gangwon Province, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018, the eve of the opening ceremony. Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011, during the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa. This was the first time that South Korea had hosted the Winter Olympics and the second Olympics held in", "Title: Winter Olympic Games Content: Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement,", "Title: Winter Olympic Games Content: event at the 1948 Games in Switzerland. It included cross-country skiing, shooting, downhill skiing, fencing and horse riding. The table below uses official data provided by the IOC. Bibliography Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded", "Title: Winter Olympic Games Content: been selected to host a Winter Olympics and it was the second time the Olympics were held in the country overall, after the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. The Games took place from 9 to 25 February 2018. More than 2,900 athletes from 92 countries participated in 102 events. The Olympic Stadium and many of the sports venues were situated in the Alpensia Resort in Daegwallyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang, while a number of other sports venues were located in the Gangneung Olympic Park in Pyeongchang's neighboring city of Gangneung. The lead-up to the 2018 Winter Olympics was affected by the tensions between", "Title: Winter Olympic Games Content: to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, and the host of the 2026 Winter Olympics will be selected on June 23rd, 2019. , no city in the southern hemisphere has applied to host the cold-weather-dependent Winter Olympics, which are held in February at the height of the southern hemisphere summer. To date, twelve countries have participated in every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, France, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. Six of those countries have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games – Austria, Canada, Finland, Norway, Sweden and the United States. The", "Title: 2022 Winter Olympics Content: 2022 Winter Olympics The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (; ), and commonly known as Beijing 2022, is an international winter multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 4 to 20 February 2022, in Beijing and towns in the neighbouring Hebei province, People's Republic of China. Beijing was elected as the host city in July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. These Games will be the first Winter Olympics ever to be held in China, and the last of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia,", "Title: Winter Olympic Games Content: well as Summer) Games to proclaim the superiority of their political systems. The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by twelve different countries. The Games have been held four times in the United States (in 1932, 1960, 1980 and 2002); three times in France (in 1924, 1968 and 1992); and twice each in Austria (1964, 1976), Canada (1988, 2010), Japan (1972, 1998), Italy (1956, 2006), Norway (1952, 1994), and Switzerland (1928, 1948). Also, the Games have been held just once each in Germany (1936), Yugoslavia (1984), Russia (2014) and South Korea (2018). The IOC has selected Beijing, China,", "Title: Olympic Games Content: Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.", "Title: 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony Content: 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium in Pyeongchang, South Korea on 9 February 2018. It began at 20:00 KST and finished at approximately 22:20 KST. The Games were officially opened by President of the Republic of Korea Moon Jae-in. The site of the opening ceremony, Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium, was built specifically for the Games. The pentagonal stadium seats 35,000. The organizers for the event said the shape was chosen because it is a combination of different shapes, a circle, a square, and a triangle, which represent", "Title: Winter Olympic Games Content: a single Winter Games. Norway led the total medal standings with 39, the highest number of medals by a nation in any Winter Olympics, followed by Germany's 31 and Canada's 29. Host nation South Korea won seventeen medals, their highest medal haul at a Winter Olympics. The host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics is Beijing, the capital of People's Republic of China, elected on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur. Beijing will be the first city ever to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 2022 Winter Olympics will take place between" ]

[ "Pyeongchang County , South Korea", "9 to 25 February 2018", "nine to 25 February 2018", "nine February", "9 February", "Pyeongchang , South Korea" ]

[ "Title: Miz & Mrs. Content: Miz & Mrs. Miz & Mrs. is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. The series, a spin-off of \"Total Divas\", follows the lives of The Miz and Maryse in and out of the wrestling ring. The show is set to include six 30-minute episodes, which will follow the couple leading up to the birth of their first child. The Miz and Maryse also serve as executive producers of the show. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced that The Miz and Maryse would be getting their own spinoff show, set to premiere", "Title: Miz & Mrs. Content: in 2018 on the USA Network, titled \"Miz & Mrs.\", that will be following the personal lives of the couple. On March 27, 2018, Maryse gave birth to their daughter, Monroe Sky Mizainin On May 22, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on July 24, 2018. On August 14, 2018, it was announced that USA Network had renewed the show for a 14-episode second season. Miz & Mrs. Miz & Mrs. is an American reality television series that premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. The series, a spin-off of \"Total Divas\", follows the lives", "Title: Maryse Ouellet Content: release from the company in October 2011. In April 2016, she returned to the company and became the manager of her husband The Miz, managing him to three Intercontinental Championship reigns. In late-2011, she announced plans for a clothing and jewellery line called House of Maryse, and later began working as a realtor. In November 2016, she joined the cast of the reality show Total Divas, and appeared in the show's sixth and seventh seasons, which initially aired on the E! Network. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced a spin-off show titled Miz & Mrs., which stars Ouellet in a", "Title: Maryse Ouellet Content: her return to WWE. In June 2017, Maryse along with Miz were cover of the \"DUB Magazine\" with a Jeep car. Maryse has appeared in five WWE video games. She made her in-game debut at \"WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2010\", later appearing in \"WWE Smackdown vs. Raw 2011\", \"WWE '12\", and returned in \"WWE 2K18\", \"WWE 2K19\". In 2018, Maryse and her husband Mike appeared in a reality television series titled \"Miz & Mrs.\" It was later announced on July 26 that Maryse would not be returning for the eighth season of Total Divas. Following her release from WWE in", "Title: Women in WWE Content: the twins. On January 8, 2018, it was announced that Maryse and her husband The Miz would be getting their own reality television series titled \"Miz & Mrs.\" The show premiered on July 24, 2018 on the USA Network. In the mid 1980s, an animated version of the Fabulous Moolah and Wendi Richter was included on a CBS Saturday morning cartoon during this lucrative time, titled \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\". In addition, both appeared in two of Cyndi Lauper's music videos, \"The Goonies 'R' Good Enough\" and \"She Bop\". From 1999 to 2000, Sable appeared as a guest star", "Title: Maryse Ouellet Content: focus role. The show aired on the USA Network on July 24, 2018, and has been renewed for a second season. She also serves as executive producer, along with her husband The Miz. Ouellet was born in Montreal, Quebec, but grew up in Edmundston, New Brunswick. In high school, Ouellet was the only girl in her class, and ran the school's fashion show. She also began developing a range of makeup products. Ouellet began her modelling career as a beauty pageant contestant, winning Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada 2003 and finishing second at the International Finals of Miss Hawaiian Tropic 2004.", "Title: The Miz Content: was dropped from the role due to his bad conduct discharge from the Marine Corps. Mizanin starred in the ABC Family TV movie \"Christmas Bounty\", which premiered in December 2013. In 2015, he starred in the WWE Studios Christmas film \"Santa's Little Helper\". In 2016, Mizanin guest starred in \"Supernatural\" as a wrestler named Shawn Harley in an organization targeted by a demon. In 2018, Mizanin and his wife Maryse starred in a reality television series titled \"Miz & Mrs.\" Mizanin married his longtime girlfriend, French-Canadian fellow WWE wrestler Maryse Ouellet, in The Bahamas on February 20, 2014. Their daughter,", "Title: The Miz Content: sixth season of \"Fear Factor\" in 2006. After becoming the runner-up in the fourth season of \"Tough Enough\" and subsequently launching his WWE career, Mizanin appeared on \"Diva Search\", \"Total Divas\" and \"Tough Enough\". He and his wife Maryse also starred in their own reality show titled \"Miz & Mrs.\" that premiered in 2018. He has also come to star in several films produced by WWE Studios, portraying Jake Carter in \"\", \"\" and \"\" as well as starring in \"Christmas Bounty\" and \"Santa's Little Helper\". After being trained at Deep South Wrestling and Ohio Valley Wrestling, he was promoted", "Title: Total Divas Content: and that Paige wouldn't be returning for the upcoming season. On September 20, 2017, E! revealed that the seventh season will premiere on November 1, 2017. On January 8, 2018, WWE announced that The Miz and Maryse would be getting their own spinoff show, set to premiere in 2018 on the USA Network, titled \"Miz & Mrs.\", that will be following the personal lives of the couple. On April 4, 2018, speculations arose about the upcoming eighth season of \"Total Divas\", as reports stated that E! cameras had been filming a handful of WWE female superstars in New Orleans during", "Title: Maryse Ouellet Content: WWE Intercontinental Championship for the seventh time by defeating Ambrose. In September, following her pregnancy announcement, Maryse stopped appearing on television. On November 19, 2017, she made an appearance on the Survivor Series pay-per-view crowd watching Miz fight United States Champion Baron Corbin. On January 22, 2018, in the \"Raw\" 25 Years special episode, Maryse was honored as part of a segment involving women considered legends that contributed to the company's success, including the Bella Twins, Kelly Kelly, Lilian Garcia, Torrie Wilson, Michelle McCool, Terri Runnels, Maria Kanellis and the Hall of Famers Jacqueline and Trish Stratus. Later she started" ]

[ "2018" ]

[ "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: Slasher (TV series) Slasher is a Canadian television horror anthology series created by Aaron Martin. The first season, retroactively subtitled \"The Executioner\", was produced in association with the Canadian network Super Channel, \"Slasher\" was the first (and only) original series by the now-defunct U.S. TV channel Chiller, which premiered the series on Friday, March 4, 2016, at 9:00pm EST. Super Channel aired the show's Canadian premiere on April 1, 2016. The series' first season, which centered on a mysterious figure billed as \"The Executioner\" who terrorizes the fictional town of Waterbury, Canada, was filmed between July and October 2015 in", "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: Sudbury, Parry Sound, and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. On May 1, 2017, \"Slasher\" began filming a second season in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada. The licensing rights for the second season were acquired by Netflix. The season was released as a \"Netflix Original\" title in various countries on October 17, 2017. The second season titled \"Slasher: Guilty Party\" is centered on a group of former summer camp counselors who return to an isolated campground in order to bury their sins of the past, before being targeted, one by one, by an unknown killer. The series has been renewed for a third season.", "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: would discover and option it to prospective broadcasters. The script would land at Canadian premium network Super Channel, who, their interest piqued in part by \"Slasher\"s fixed-end format, would order it as a series. The now-defunct American network Chiller, which specializes in the horror/thriller genre, would join in production sometime after Super Channel; \"Slasher\" would be Chiller's first (and only) foray into original scripted series content. Production on \"Slasher\"s 8-episode first season was announced on July 28, 2015, with filming taking place between then and October 2015. Three Northern Ontario municipalities — the cities of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie", "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: and the town of Parry Sound — would stand in for the show's fictitious location, the town of Waterbury. A first trailer for the series would be released on November 26, 2015. Unlike most TV series that film their episodes in order, \"Slasher\", under the direction of Craig David Wallace, was shot as if it were a \"super-sized\" movie: Scenes from multiple episodes were shot at the same time, with the availability of locations and cast being factored in. The out-of-order schedule allowed the actors to know of their characters' fates, especially those who had to film their death scenes", "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: one day but return later to film earlier scenes as necessary. As an example of this, Martin cited Mark Ghanimé's first day on set, when his character, Justin Faysal, was laid out in a casket for a scene early in \"Slasher\"s third episode (Justin's death, which took place in Episode 2, would be filmed later on). On May 1, 2017, \"Slasher\" began filming a second season in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada. Shaftesbury Films confirmed that the series will not be returning to Super Channel or Chiller for a second season. However, Netflix acquired the rights to the second season. The second", "Title: The Punisher (season 1) Content: Lightfoot's intentions for the tone of the series. Filming began on October 3, 2016 in Brooklyn, New York, under the working title \"Crime\". Locations for the production included Greenpoint, Brooklyn, the Williamsburg Bridge, Columbus Circle and Central Park West, Cortlandt Alley, Circle Line Downtown cruises, the Manhattan Family Court building, Long Island City, Grand Ferry Park in South Williamsburg, Brooklyn, Sunnyside, Queens, Pulaski Bridge, the Roosevelt Island and its steam plant, the Bronx County Courthouse, Newtown Creek, The Roosevelt Hotel, Astoria Park, Tudor City, Hunts Point, Bronx, the Forest Park Carousel, the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, the \"GoodFellas Diner\" before it was", "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: the occasion of \"Slasher\"s Super Channel premiere, \"The Globe and Mail\"s John Doyle, while remarking that it \"is no masterpiece of horror, nor was it meant to be,\" called the show \"very well-crafted,\" praising its \"exceptional cast\" and tight pacing, and noting fans of gory horror will appreciate its bloody scenes. On May 25, 2016, the entire first season of \"Slasher\" became available to stream instantly on Netflix US. On October 17, 2017, the full second season of \"Slasher\" became available to stream on Netflix in various countries. The second season began airing in the United Kingdom via Pick-TV. Slasher", "Title: Slasher (TV series) Content: killer — are featured, explored, and eliminated from consideration, one by one (either through death or the natural deductive process), until the \"all too human\" killer and his/her motivations are revealed. \"Slasher\"s 8-episode first season centers around Sarah Bennett who, with husband Dylan, moves back to the town of her birth, Waterbury (a fictional town in Canada), and into her parents' former home. It was in that house on Halloween Night 1988 where both of her parents, Bryan and Rachel, were murdered. Rachel was pregnant with Sarah at the time of her murder, with police discovering the killer holding Rachel's", "Title: Those Who Kill (U.S. TV series) Content: a 10-episode first season of the series, which would begin production in Pittsburgh in late 2013. Drawn to the region due to state tax credits, filming lasted from September to December 2013. Producers selected locations such as warehouses, parking garages, pubs, hospitals, theaters, penitentiaries, the Allegheny County Courthouse, Riverview Park, the Carnegie Free Library of Allegheny, and the abandoned Carrie Furnace to capture the mood of the series. \"Those Who Kill\" received mixed reviews. It received 54/100 score from 22 reviews at Metacritic. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that seven out of 24 critics gave the series a \"rotten\" rating.", "Title: Daredevil (season 1) Content: TV Tax Credit Program. Production concluded on December 21, 2014. Other filming locations in New York City included the Williamsburg, Greenpoint and Bushwick neighborhoods in Brooklyn; Abe Lebewohl Park in the East Village; Whitestone Lanes bowling alley in Flushing, Queens; the New York State Supreme Court Building, with the interior for court scenes filmed on a set; Brooklyn Borough Hall; the Rockefeller Center rooftop gardens; Brooklyn College for Murdock and Nelson's flashback to their time in college; the Chelsea neighborhood in Manhattan; and the Honeywell Bridge in Long Island City. \"Cut Man\" ends with a long action sequence filmed in" ]

[ "Sudbury , Parry Sound", "Orangeville , Ontario , Canada" ]

[ "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: it does, thus giving the entire riddle the status of a kind of an infallible conjecture—one that cannot be either proved or disproved. The current phrasing appears to have originated in the 1910 book \"Physics\" by Charles Riborg Mann and George Ransom Twiss. The question \"When a tree falls in a lonely forest, and no animal is near by to hear it, does it make a sound? Why?\" is posed along with many other questions to quiz readers on the contents of the chapter, and as such, is posed from a purely physical point of view. Can something exist without", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: senses through the mechanism of the ear, and recognized as sound only at our nerve centers. The falling of the tree or any other disturbance will produce vibration of the air. If there be no ears to hear, there will be no sound.\" Albert Einstein is reported to have asked his fellow physicist and friend Niels Bohr, one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics, whether he realistically believed that 'the moon does not exist if nobody is looking at it.' To this Bohr replied that however hard he (Einstein) may try, he would not be able to prove that", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: If a tree falls in a forest \"If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?\" is a philosophical thought experiment that raises questions regarding observation and perception. Philosopher George Berkeley, in his work, \"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge\" (1710), proposes, \"But, say you, surely there is nothing easier than for me to imagine trees, for instance, in a park [...] and nobody by to perceive them. [...] The objects of sense exist only when they are perceived; the trees therefore are in the garden [...]", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: no longer than while there is somebody by to perceive them.\" (It is worth noting that the quote from section 45 is arguably a statement of an \"objection\" to Berkeley's view, and not a proclamation of it.) Nevertheless, Berkeley never actually wrote about the question. Some years later, a similar question is posed. It is unknown whether the source of this question is Berkeley or not. In June 1883 in the magazine \"The Chautauquan\", the question was put, \"If a tree were to fall on an island where there were no human beings would there be any sound?\" They then", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: being perceived? – e.g. \"\"is sound only sound if a person hears it?\"\" The most immediate philosophical topic that the riddle introduces involves the existence of the tree (and the sound it produces) outside of human perception. If no one is around to see, hear, touch or smell the tree, how could it be said to exist? What is it to say that it exists when such an existence is unknown? Of course, from a scientific viewpoint, it exists. It is human beings that are able to perceive it. George Berkeley in the 18th century developed subjective idealism, a metaphysical", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: of deforestation. Washington-state-based wilderness conservatory Northwest Trek used a shortened form of the quote in its mid-1970s television advertisement, as such: \"There is no sound unless someone is there to see it or hear it. Experience it at Northwest Trek.\" The quote also forms the bridge of the protagonist's solo number \"Waving Through A Window\" in the musical \"Dear Evan Hansen\", in line with the tree motif essential to the plot. The song itself discusses a feeling of isolation through fear of failing in social interactions, as a part of the main character's social anxiety disorder. If a tree falls", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: went on to answer the query with, \"No. Sound is the sensation excited in the ear when the air or other medium is set in motion.\" This seems to imply that the question is posed not from a philosophical viewpoint, but from a purely scientific one. The magazine \"Scientific American\" corroborated the technical aspect of this question, while leaving out the philosophic side, a year later when they asked the question slightly reworded, \"If a tree were to fall on an uninhabited island, would there be any sound?\" And gave a more technical answer, \"Sound is vibration, transmitted to our", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: of perception (as common sense would dictate), then it will produce sound waves. However, these sound waves will not actually \"sound\" like anything. Sound as it is mechanically understood will occur, but sound as it is understood by sensation will not occur. So then, how is it known that 'sound as it is mechanically understood' will occur if that sound is not perceived? Canadian songwriter, social activist and environmentalist Bruce Cockburn poses the question in the chorus of his 1989 song \"If a Tree Falls\" and frames it with his lyrics as a pressing question regarding the cause and effect", "Title: If a tree falls in a forest Content: the present (or ongoing) wider physical universe. It may then be recognized that the unobserved event was absolutely identical to an event which did not occur at all. Of course, the fact that the tree is known to have changed state from 'upright' to 'fallen' implies that the event must be observed to ask the question at all – even if only by the supposed deaf onlooker. The British philosopher of science Roy Bhaskar, credited with developing critical realism has argued, in apparent reference to this riddle, that: If men ceased to exist sound would continue to travel and heavy", "Title: Choctaw mythology Content: together. The translation of \"Bohpoli\" is the \"Thrower\". The translation of \"Kowi anuskasha \"is \"The one who stays in the woods\", or to give a more concise translation, \"Forest dweller\". Little man can be compared to the European counterparts- dwarfs, elves, gnomes, and leprechauns. little grass known as (ole) to be rather mischievous, but not malicious. The Choctaws believed that they held sticks and stones in them. All unexplained sounds heard in the woods were attributed to (ole) or little grass, believing it took a special pleasure in hitting the pine trees to create noise. Bohpoli was never seen by" ]

[ "Philosopher George Berkeley", "Charles Riborg Mann", "George Ransom Twiss" ]

[ "Title: Hungarian language Content: Pelasgian, Greek, Chinese, Sanskrit, English, Tibetan, Magar, Quechua, Armenian, Japanese, and at least 40 other languages. Today the consensus among linguists is that Hungarian is a member of the Uralic family of languages. In the nineteenth century, however, it was a matter of dispute whether Hungarian was a Finno-Ugric/Uralic language or more closely related to the Turkic languages (a controversy known as the \"Ugric–Turkish war\")—or whether indeed both the Uralic and the Turkic families formed part of a superfamily of Ural–Altaic languages. Hungarians did in fact absorb some Turkic influences during several centuries of cohabitation. For example, the Hungarians appear", "Title: Hungarian language Content: language family. Hungarian is a member of the Uralic language family. Linguistic connections between Hungarian and other Uralic languages were noticed in the 1670s, and the family itself (then called Finno-Ugric) was established in 1717, but the classification of Hungarian as a Uralic/Finno-Ugric rather than Turkic language continued to be a matter of impassioned political controversy throughout the 18th and into the 19th centuries. Hungarian has traditionally been assigned to an Ugric branch within Uralic/Finno-Ugric, along with the Mansi and Khanty languages of western Siberia (Khanty–Mansia region), but it is no longer clear that it is a valid group. When", "Title: Finno-Ugric languages Content: Finno-Ugric languages Finno-Ugric ( or ), Finno-Ugrian or Fenno-Ugric is a traditional grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except the Samoyedic languages. Its commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th century and is criticized by some contemporary linguists. The three most-spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric, although linguistic roots common to both branches of the traditional Finno-Ugric language tree (Finno-Permic and Ugric) are distant. The term \"Finno-Ugric\", which originally referred to the entire family, is sometimes used as a synonym for the", "Title: Finnish language Content: It modifies and inflects nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals and verbs, depending on their roles in the sentence. Finnish is a member of the Finnic group of the Uralic family of languages. The Finnic group also includes Estonian and a few minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea. Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other Uralic languages (such as Hungarian) in several respects including: Several theories exist as to the geographic origin of Finnish and the other Uralic languages. The most widely held view is that they originated as a Proto-Uralic language somewhere in the boreal forest belt around the Ural Mountains", "Title: Uralic languages Content: Uralic languages The Uralic languages (; sometimes called Uralian languages ) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, which are official languages in Hungary, Finland, and Estonia, respectively, and in the European Union. Other Uralic languages with significant numbers of speakers are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt, and Komi, which are officially recognized languages in various regions of Russia. The name \"Uralic\" derives from the fact that the areas where the languages are spoken are found on both sides", "Title: Uralic languages Content: spurious fringe-theories by specialists. Uralic languages The Uralic languages (; sometimes called Uralian languages ) form a language family of 38 languages spoken by approximately 25million people, predominantly in Northern Eurasia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, which are official languages in Hungary, Finland, and Estonia, respectively, and in the European Union. Other Uralic languages with significant numbers of speakers are Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt, and Komi, which are officially recognized languages in various regions of Russia. The name \"Uralic\" derives from the fact that the areas where the languages are spoken are", "Title: Hungarian language Content: Hungarian language Hungarian () is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine (Subcarpathia), central and western Romania (Transylvania), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia (Mur region). It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States and Canada) and in Israel. Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic", "Title: Hungarian language Content: of the two, foremost based on work by the German linguist . The traditional view holds that the Hungarian language diverged from its Ugric relatives in the first half of the 1st millennium BC, in western Siberia east of the southern Urals. The Hungarians gradually changed their lifestyle from being settled hunters to being nomadic pastoralists, probably as a result of early contacts with Iranian nomads (Scythians and Sarmatians). In Hungarian, Iranian loanwords date back to the time immediately following the breakup of Ugric and probably span well over a millennium. Among these include \"tehén\" ‘cow’ (cf. Avestan \"dhaénu\"); \"tíz\"", "Title: Hungarian language Content: the Samoyedic languages were determined to be part of the family, it was thought at first that Finnic and Ugric (Finno-Ugric) were closer to each other than to the Samoyed branch of the family, but that now is frequently questioned. The name of Hungary could be a result of regular sound changes of \"Ungrian/Ugrian\", and the fact that the Eastern Slavs referred to Hungarians as \"Ǫgry/Ǫgrove\" (sg. \"Ǫgrinŭ\") seemed to confirm that. Current literature favors the hypothesis that it comes from the name of the Turkic tribe Onogur (which means \"ten arrows\" or \"ten tribes\"). There are numerous regular sound", "Title: Hungarian language Content: \"vér\" 'blood', \"fej\" 'head' (cf. Finnish and Estonian \"vesi, käsi, veri\", Finnish \"pää\", Estonian \"pea\" or \"pää\"). Words for elementary kinship and nature are more Ugric, less r-Turkic and less Slavic. Agricultural words are about 50% r-Turkic and 50% Slavic; pastoral terms are more r-Turkic, less Ugric and less Slavic. Finally, Christian and state terminology is more Slavic and less r-Turkic. The Slavic is most probably proto-Slovakian and/or -Slovenian. This is easily understood in the Uralic paradigm, proto-Magyars were first similar to Ob-Ugors who were mainly hunters, fishers & gatherers, but with some horses, too. Then they accultured to Bulgarian" ]

[ "Uralic languages" ]

[ "Title: Menstrual cup Content: Menstrual cup A menstrual cup is a feminine hygiene product that is inserted into the vagina during menstruation. Its purpose is to prevent menstrual fluid (blood from uterine lining) from leaking onto clothes. Menstrual cups are usually made of flexible medical grade silicone and shaped like a bell with a stem. The stem is used for insertion and removal. The bell-shaped cup seals against the vaginal wall just below the cervix. Every 4–12 hours (depending on the amount of flow), the cup is removed, emptied, rinsed, and reinserted. After each period, the cup should be boiled for at least 5", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: medical-grade polymer blend. It is placed at the base of the cervix in the vaginal fornix, and covers the cervix, like a diaphragm. Because of its placement, it can be worn during sexual intercourse, but it is not a contraceptive nor does it protect against sexually transmitted infections. Disposable cups are designed to fit most women, but may not be suitable for teenagers as the diameter of the rim may be uncomfortable. The disposable cup is pinched in half and inserted into the vaginal canal. Once inserted, a finger is used to push it back and down toward the cervix.", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: around the cervix. If correctly inserted, the cup shouldn't leak or cause any discomfort. In comparison with a tampon, the menstrual cup should be placed lower in the vaginal canal. The stem should be completely inside the vagina. There are various folding techniques for insertion; common folds include the c-fold, as well as the punch-down fold. If lubrication is necessary for insertion, it should be water-based, as silicone lubricant can be damaging to the silicone. After 4–12 hours of use (depending on the amount of flow), the cup is removed by reaching up to its stem to find the base.", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: cup brands sell a smaller and a larger size. Menstrual cups are sold colorless and translucent, but several brands also offer colored cups, such as pink or purple. The use of menstrual cups is considered a safe option relative to other forms of menstrual hygiene. The menstrual cup is first folded or pinched and then inserted into the vagina. It will normally unfold automatically and create a light seal against the vaginal walls. In some cases, the user may need to twist the cup or flex the vaginal muscles to ensure the cup is fully open. The cup should sit", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: If a menstrual cup costs US$30 (costs vary by manufacturer), the lifetime cost for a menstrual cup would be between US$240 and US$1,200. The up-front cost of a menstrual cup may be expensive for women from low-income households, especially in developing countries. Buying pads or using rags monthly may seem more affordable than purchasing a menstrual cup, though the lifetime spend is higher. An early version of a bullet-shaped menstrual cup was patented in 1932, by the midwifery group of McGlasson and Perkins. Leona Chalmers patented the first usable commercial cup in 1937. Later menstrual cups were patented in 1935,", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: affordable sanitary products may be limited. A lack of affordable hygiene products means inadequate, unhygienic alternatives are often used, which can present a serious health risk. Menstrual cups offer a long-term solution compared to some other feminine hygiene products because they do not need to be replaced monthly. Feminine hygiene products that need to be inserted into the vagina can be unacceptable for cultural reasons. There are myths that they interfere with female reproductive organs and that females lose their virginity. Use of a menstrual cup could stretch or break the hymen. Since some cultures value preservation of the hymen", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: as evidence of virginity, this can discourage young women from using cups. Since they are reusable, menstrual cups help to reduce solid waste. Some disposable sanitary napkins and plastic tampon applicators can take 25 years to break down in the ocean and can cause a significant environmental impact. Biodegradable sanitary options are also available, and these decompose in a short period of time, but they must be composted, and not disposed off in a landfill. Each year, an estimated 20 billion pads and tampons are discarded in North America. They typically end up in landfills or are incinerated, which can", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: The majority of menstrual cup brands on the market are selling reusable cups, rather than disposable cups, which is therefore the focus of this article. Most menstrual cup brands sell a smaller and a larger size. The smaller size is recommended for women under 30 who have not given birth vaginally. The larger size is recommended for women who are over 30, have given birth vaginally, or have a heavy flow. Cups with an even smaller size are recommended for teenagers, as well as women and girls who are more physically fit, as those with stronger pelvic floor muscles may", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: find a larger cup uncomfortable. Length also needs to be considered: if a female's cervix sits particularly low, she may want to use a shorter cup. Capacity is important to women who have a heavier flow. The average menstrual cup holds around 20 ml. Some cups are designed to be larger and hold 37–42 ml. However, all cups currently available have a larger capacity than a regular tampon, which is 10–12 ml. A final consideration in selecting a menstrual cup is firmness or flexibility. Some companies offer a range of firmness levels in their cups. A firmer cup pops open", "Title: Menstrual cup Content: minutes and stored for use the next month. Unlike tampons and pads, cups collect menstrual fluid rather than absorbing it. One cup is reusable for up to five years or more. This makes their long-term cost lower than that of disposable tampons or pads, though the initial cost is higher. Menstrual cups are also promoted as more practical and eco-friendly than pads and tampons. Given that the menstrual cup is reusable, its use greatly decreases the amount of waste generated from menstrual cycles, as there is no daily waste and the amount of discarded packaging decreases as well. Most menstrual" ]

[ "collect menstrual flow", "to collect menstrual flow" ]

[ "Title: Bond (finance) Content: Bond (finance) In finance, a bond is an instrument of indebtedness of the bond issuer to the holders. The most common types of bonds include municipal bonds and corporate bonds. The bond is a debt security, under which the issuer owes the holders a debt and (depending on the terms of the bond) is obliged to pay them interest (the coupon) or to repay the principal at a later date, termed the maturity date. Interest is usually payable at fixed intervals (semiannual, annual, sometimes monthly). Very often the bond is negotiable, that is, the ownership of the instrument can be", "Title: Bond (finance) Content: maturity of a bond. The maturity can be any length of time, although debt securities with a term of less than one year are generally designated money market instruments rather than bonds. Most bonds have a term of up to 30 years. Some bonds have been issued with terms of 50 years or more, and historically there have been some issues with no maturity date (irredeemable). In the market for United States Treasury securities, there are three categories of bond maturities: The coupon is the interest rate that the issuer pays to the holder. Usually this rate is fixed throughout", "Title: Yield to maturity Content: Yield to maturity The yield to maturity (YTM), book yield or redemption yield of a bond or other fixed-interest security, such as gilts, is the (theoretical) internal rate of return (IRR, overall interest rate) earned by an investor who buys the bond today at the market price, assuming that the bond is held until maturity, and that all coupon and principal payments are made on schedule. Yield to maturity is the discount rate at which the sum of all future cash flows from the bond (coupons and principal) is equal to the current price of the bond. The YTM is", "Title: Bond (finance) Content: the amount on which the issuer pays interest, and which, most commonly, has to be repaid at the end of the term. Some structured bonds can have a redemption amount which is different from the face amount and can be linked to the performance of particular assets. The issuer has to repay the nominal amount on the maturity date. As long as all due payments have been made, the issuer has no further obligations to the bond holders after the maturity date. The length of time until the maturity date is often referred to as the term or tenure or", "Title: Coupon (bond) Content: bondholder with the positive return that makes purchasing the bond worthwhile. Between a bond's issue date and its maturity date (also called its redemption date), the bond's price is determined by taking into account several factors, including: Coupon (bond) A coupon payment on a bond is the annual interest payment that the bondholder receives from the bond's issue date until it matures. Coupons are normally described in terms of the \"coupon rate\", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value. For example, if a bond has a face", "Title: Bond (finance) Content: bond is redeemed, whereas stocks typically remain outstanding indefinitely. An exception is an irredeemable bond, such as a consol, which is a perpetuity, that is, a bond with no maturity. In English, the word \"\" relates to the etymology of \"bind\". In the sense \"instrument binding one to pay a sum to another\", use of the word \"bond\" dates from at least the 1590s. Bonds are issued by public authorities, credit institutions, companies and supranational institutions in the primary markets. The most common process for issuing bonds is through underwriting. When a bond issue is underwritten, one or more securities", "Title: Fixed rate bond Content: Fixed rate bond In finance, a fixed rate bond is a type of debt instrument bond with a fixed coupon (interest) rate, as opposed to a floating rate note. A fixed rate bond is a long term debt paper that carries a predetermined interest rate. The interest rate is known as coupon rate and interest is payable at specified dates before bond maturity. Due to the fixed coupon, the market value of a fixed-rate bond is susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates, and therefore has a significant amount of interest rate risk. That being said, the fixed-rate bond, although a", "Title: Callable bond Content: Callable bond A callable bond (also called redeemable bond) is a type of bond (debt security) that allows the issuer of the bond to retain the privilege of redeeming the bond at some point before the bond reaches its date of maturity. In other words, on the call date(s), the issuer has the right, but not the obligation, to buy back the bonds from the bond holders at a defined call price. Technically speaking, the bonds are not really bought and held by the issuer but are instead cancelled immediately. The call price will usually exceed the par or issue", "Title: Bond (finance) Content: bill, are always issued at a discount, and pay par amount at maturity rather than paying coupons. This is called a discount bond. The market price of a bond is the present value of all expected future interest and principal payments of the bond discounted at the bond's yield to maturity, or rate of return. That relationship is the definition of the redemption yield on the bond, which is likely to be close to the current market interest rate for other bonds with similar characteristics. (Otherwise there would be arbitrage opportunities.) The yield and price of a bond are inversely", "Title: Maturity (finance) Content: Maturity (finance) In finance, maturity or maturity date refers to the final payment date of a loan or other financial instrument, at which point the principal (and all remaining interest) is due to be paid. The term fixed maturity is applicable to any form of financial instrument under which the loan is due to be repaid on a fixed date. This includes fixed interest and variable rate loans or debt instruments, whatever they are called, and other forms of security such as redeemable preference shares, provided their terms of issue specify a date. It is similar in meaning to \"redemption" ]

[ "callable bonds", "callable" ]

[ "Title: United States in World War I Content: United States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), arrived at the rate", "Title: United States in World War I Content: Republican Warren G. Harding. Notes References United States in World War I The United States declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, more than two and a half years after World War I started. A ceasefire and Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Before entering the war, the U.S. had remained neutral, though it had been an important supplier to Great Britain and the other Allied powers. The U.S. made its major contributions in terms of supplies, raw material and money, starting in 1917. American soldiers under General of the Armies John Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary", "Title: American entry into World War I Content: issue. Its declared decision on 31 January 1917 to target neutral shipping in a designated war-zone became the immediate cause of the entry of the United States into the war. Five American merchant ships went down in March. Outraged public opinion now overwhelmingly supported Wilson when he asked Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917. Historians such as Ernest R. May have approached the process of American entry into the war as a study in how public opinion changed radically in three years' time. In 1914 most Americans called for neutrality, seeing the war a dreadful mistake", "Title: United States in World War I Content: just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"a war to end all wars\" that would \"make the world safe for democracy\", and Congress voted to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. On December 7, 1917, the U.S. declared war on Austria-Hungary. U.S. troops began arriving on the Western Front in large numbers in 1918. After the war began in 1914, the United States proclaimed a policy of neutrality despite president Woodrow Wilson's antipathies against Germany. Early in the war, the United States started to favor the British", "Title: American entry into World War I Content: American entry into World War I The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war and broker a peace in Europe. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans, German Americans, and Scandinavian Americans, as well as among church leaders and among women in general. On the other hand, even before World War I", "Title: American entry into World War I Content: came under pressure from Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and from former President Theodore Roosevelt, who demanded a declaration of war on Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, as Germany's allies. President Wilson drafted a statement to Congress in December 1917 which said \"I... recommend that Congress immediately declare the United States in a state of war with Austria-Hungary, with Turkey and with Bulgaria\". But after further consultations decision on war against Germany's other allies was postponed. American entry into World War I The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of", "Title: American entry into World War I Content: the unrestricted use of their submarines. The Kaiser's advisors felt America was enormously powerful economically but too weak militarily to make a difference. On April 2, 1917, Wilson asked a special joint session of Congress to declare war on the German Empire, stating, \"We have no selfish ends to serve\". To make the conflict seem like a better idea, he painted the conflict idealistically, stating that the war would \"make the world safe for democracy\" and later that it would be a \"war to end war\". The United States had a moral responsibility to enter the war, Wilson proclaimed. The", "Title: United States in World War I Content: role in the conflict. Under the leadership of President Woodrow Wilson, the war represented the climax of the Progressive Era as it sought to bring reform and democracy to the world, although there was substantial public opposition to U.S. entry into the war. The American entry into World War I came on April 6, 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war. Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for", "Title: World War I Content: American intervention could make an impact. Tonnage sunk rose above 500,000 tons per month from February to July. It peaked at 860,000 tons in April. After July, the newly re-introduced convoy system became effective in reducing the U-boat threat. Britain was safe from starvation, while German industrial output fell, and the United States joined the war far earlier than Germany had anticipated. On 3 May 1917, during the Nivelle Offensive, the French 2nd Colonial Division, veterans of the Battle of Verdun, refused orders, arriving drunk and without their weapons. Their officers lacked the means to punish an entire division, and", "Title: American entry into World War I Content: in Europe, In January 1917 Germany decided to resume unrestricted submarine warfare with no warning to passengers or crews. Its goal was to starve Britain into surrender. although it realized that it would almost certainly bring the United States into the war. Germany also made a secret offer to help Mexico regain territories lost in the Mexican–American War in an encoded telegram known as the Zimmermann Telegram, which was intercepted by British Intelligence. Publication of that communique outraged Americans just as German U-boats started sinking American merchant ships in the North Atlantic. Wilson then asked Congress for \"a war to" ]

[ "April 1917" ]

[ "Title: Underconsumption Content: his \"The Fallacy of Savings,\" and similar sentiments date to antiquity, in addition to the mercantilist statements cited above: An underconsumption theory of the economic cycle was given by John A. Hobson in his \"Industrial System\" (1910). William Trufant Foster and Waddill Catchings developed a theory of underconsumption in the 1920s that became highly influential among policy makers. The argument was that governmental intervention, especially spending on public works programs, was essential to restore the balance between production and consumption. The theory strongly influenced Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt to engage in massive public works projects. Today these ideas,", "Title: Economy Content: policymakers searched for new ways of controlling the course of the economy. This was explored and discussed by Friedrich August von Hayek (1899–1992) and Milton Friedman (1912–2006) who pleaded for a global free trade and are supposed to be the fathers of the so-called neoliberalism. However, the prevailing view was that held by John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), who argued for a stronger control of the markets by the state. The theory that the state can alleviate economic problems and instigate economic growth through state manipulation of aggregate demand is called Keynesianism in his honor. In the late 1950s, the economic", "Title: Henry Charles Carey Content: Henry Charles Carey Henry Charles Carey (December 15, 1793 – October 13, 1879) was the leading 19th-century economist of the American School of capitalism, and chief economic adviser to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Carey is best known for the book \"The Harmony of Interests: Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial\" (1851), which denigrates the \"British System\" of \"laissez faire\" free trade capitalism in comparison to the American System of developmental capitalism, which uses tariff protection and government intervention to encourage production and national self-sufficiency. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1793, Carey was the son of Mathew Carey (1760–1839), an influential economist, political", "Title: Strategy of unbalanced growth Content: Fleming, Prof. Rostov and J. Sheehan. The theory is generally associated with Hirschman. He presented a complete theoretical formulation of the strategy. Underdeveloped countries display common characteristics: low levels of GNI per capita and slow GNI per capita growth, large income inequalities and widespread poverty, low levels of productivity, great dependence on agriculture, a backward industrial structure, a high proportion of consumption and low savings, high rates of population growth and dependency burdens, high unemployment and underemployment, technological backwardness and dualism{existence of both traditional and modern sectors}. In a less-developed country, these characteristics lead to scarce resources or inadequate infrastructure", "Title: Albert O. Hirschman Content: Albert O. Hirschman Albert Otto Hirschman (born \"Otto-Albert Hirschmann\"; April 7, 1915 – December 10, 2012) was an influential economist and the author of several books on political economy and political ideology. His first major contribution was in the area of development economics. Here he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth. Because developing countries are short of decision making skills, he argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources. Key to this was encouraging industries with a large number of linkages to other firms. His later work was in political economy and there he advanced", "Title: Economic stagnation Content: is now called financialization was provided in the 1980s by Harry Magdoff and Paul Sweezy, coeditors of the independent socialist journal \"Monthly Review\". Magdoff was a former economic advisor to Vice President Henry A. Wallace in Roosevelt’s New Deal administration, while Sweezy was a former Harvard economics professor. In their 1987 book, \"Stagnation and the Financial Explosion\", they argued, based on Keynes, Hansen, Michał Kalecki, and Marx, and marshaling extensive empirical data, that, contrary to the usual way of thinking, stagnation or slow growth was the norm for mature, monopolistic (or oligopolistic) economies, while rapid growth was the exception. Private", "Title: Arghiri Emmanuel Content: Arghiri Emmanuel Arghiri Emmanuel (; June 22, 1911, Patras, Greece – December 14, 2001, Paris, France) was a Greek-French Marxian economist who became known in the 1960s and 1970s for his theory of 'unequal exchange'. The theory was an attempt to explain the falling trend in the terms of trade for underdeveloped countries, while criticising the different approaches of Raúl Prebisch, Hans Singer, and Arthur Lewis to do so as only half-hearted attempts. It stated, contrary to the then conventional Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson theory, that it was politically and historically set wage-levels that determined relative prices, not the other way around, and,", "Title: Underconsumption Content: Ricardo \"conquered\" English economics. This is now understood to be false – other British proponents of underconsumption are now well-established, but, as Keynes demonstrated, they were poorly documented, and by the 1930s not well-known. Further, they did not form a unified school, but rather related heterodox ideas. The Birmingham School of economists argued an underconsumptionist theory from 1815, and some of the writings of the school's leading member Thomas Attwood contained formulations of the multiplier effect and an income-expenditure model. In continental Europe, Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi proposed underconsumption and overproduction as causes of the economic cycle, in his", "Title: Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory Content: Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest. Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market", "Title: History of economic thought Content: had established a minimal wage, which prevented wages from adjusting automatically. This was to be the focus of attack from Keynes. In 1943 Pigou published the paper \"The Classical Stationary State\", which popularized the Pigou (Real Balance) Effect, the stimulation of output and employment during deflation by increasing consumption due to a rise in wealth In response to the Economic Calculation Problem proposed by the Austrian School of Economics that disputes the efficiency of a state-run economy, the theory of Market Socialism was developed in the late 1920s and 1930s by economists Fred M. Taylor (1855–1932), Oskar R. Lange (1904–1965)," ]

[ "Hirschman" ]

[ "Title: Liquor Content: \"OED\" mentions of its meaning \"a liquid for drinking\" occurred in the 14th century. Its use as a term for \"an intoxicating alcoholic drink\" appeared in the 16th century. The term \"spirit\" in reference to alcohol stems from Middle Eastern alchemy. These alchemists were more concerned with medical elixirs than with transmuting lead into gold. The vapor given off and collected during an alchemical process (as with distillation of alcohol) was called a spirit of the original material. Early evidence of distillation comes from Akkadian tablets dated \"circa\" 1200 BC describing perfumery operations, providing textual evidence that an early primitive", "Title: Alcohol Content: titled as \"The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations\". The Persian physician, alchemist, polymath and philosopher Rhazes (854 CE – 925 CE) is credited with the discovery of ethanol. The word \"alcohol\" is from the Arabic \"kohl\" (), a powder used as an eyeliner. Al- is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to \"the\" in English. \"Alcohol\" was originally used for the very fine powder produced by the sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite to form antimony trisulfide . It was considered to be the essence or \"spirit\" of this mineral. It was used as an antiseptic, eyeliner, and", "Title: Alcohol Content: cosmetic. The meaning of alcohol was extended to distilled substances in general, and then narrowed to ethanol, when \"spirits\" was a synonym for hard liquor. Bartholomew Traheron, in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo, introduces the word as a term used by \"barbarous\" (Moorish) authors for \"fine powder.\" Vigo wrote: \"the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.\" The 1657 \"Lexicon Chymicum\", by William Johnson glosses the word as \"antimonium sive stibium.\" By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including \"alcohol of wine,\" the", "Title: Liquor Content: by Taddeo Alderotti in the 13th century. The production method was written in code, suggesting that it was being kept secret. In 1437, \"burned water\" (brandy) was mentioned in the records of the County of Katzenelnbogen in Germany. It was served in a tall, narrow glass called a \"Goderulffe\". Claims upon the origin of specific beverages are controversial, often invoking national pride, but they are plausible after the 12th century AD, when Irish whiskey and German brandy became available. These spirits would have had a much lower alcohol content (about 40% ABV) than the alchemists' pure distillations, and they were", "Title: Ethanol Content: Geneva, Switzerland. The term “alcohol” now refers to a wider class of substances in chemistry nomenclature, but in common parlance it remains the name of ethanol. The Oxford English Dictionary claims that it is a medieval loan from Arabic \"al-kuḥl\", a powdered ore of antimony used since antiquity as a cosmetic, and retained that meaning in Middle Latin. The use of “alcohol” for ethanol (in full, “alcohol of wine”) is modern, first recorded 1753, and by the later 18th century referred to “any sublimated substance; distilled spirit” use for “the spirit of wine” (shortened from a full expression \"alcohol of", "Title: Aqua vitae Content: Aqua vitae Aqua vitae (Latin for \"water of life\") or aqua vita is an archaic name for a concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol. The term was in wide use during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, although its origin is likely much earlier. This Latin term appears in a wide array of dialectical forms throughout all lands and people conquered by ancient Rome. Generally, the term is a generic name for all types of distillates, and eventually came to refer specifically to distillates of alcoholic beverages (liquors). \"Aqua vitae\" was typically prepared by distilling wine; it was sometimes called \"spirits", "Title: Liquor Content: likely first thought of as medicinal elixirs. Liquor consumption rose dramatically in Europe in and after the mid-14th century, when distilled liquors were commonly used as remedies for the Black Death. Around 1400, methods to distill spirits from wheat, barley, and rye beers, a cheaper option than grapes, were discovered. Thus began the \"national\" drinks of Europe: \"jenever\" (Belgium and the Netherlands), gin (England), \"Schnaps\" (Germany), \"grappa\" (Italy), \"borovička\" (Slovakia), \"horilka\" (Ukraine), \"akvavit\"/\"snaps\" (Scandinavia), \"vodka\" (Poland and Russia), \"ouzo\" (Greece), \"rakia\" (the Balkans), and \"poitín\" (Ireland). The actual names emerged only in the 16th century, but the drinks were well", "Title: Liqueur Content: In the United States and Canada, where spirits are often called \"liquor\" (), there is often confusion discerning between liqueurs and liquors, due to the many different types of flavored spirits that are available today (e.g. flavored vodka). Liqueurs generally contain a lower alcohol content (15–30% ABV) than spirits and it has sweetener mixed, while some can have an ABV as high as 55%. Under the Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870), liqueurs are produced from mixing alcohol with plant materials. These materials include juices or extracts from fruits, flowers, leaves or other plant materials. The extracts are obtained", "Title: Alcohol Content: distilled essence of wine. Libavius in \"Alchymia\" (1594) refers to \"vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum\". Johnson (1657) glosses \"alcohol vini\" as \"quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat.\" The word's meaning became restricted to \"spirit of wine\" (the chemical known today as ethanol) in the 18th century and was extended to the class of substances so-called as \"alcohols\" in modern chemistry after 1850. The term \"ethanol\" was invented 1892, combining the word ethane with the \"-ol\" ending of \"alcohol\". IUPAC nomenclature is used in scientific publications", "Title: History of alcoholic drinks Content: Ireland, the production of whisky from malted barley is first mentioned in Scotland in an entry from 1494, although both countries could have distilled grain alcohol before this date. Distilled spirit was generally flavored with juniper berries. The resulting beverage was known as jenever, the Dutch word for \"juniper.\" The French changed the name to genievre, which the English changed to \"geneva\" and then modified to \"gin.\" Originally used for medicinal purposes, the use of gin as a social drink did not grow rapidly at first. However, in 1690, England passed \"An Act for the Encouraging of the Distillation of" ]

[ "Middle Eastern alchemy" ]

[ "Title: Battle of Harpers Ferry Content: reserve midway up the slope.) His men destroyed their artillery pieces and crossed a pontoon bridge back to Harpers Ferry. Ford later insisted he had the authority from Miles to order the withdrawal, but a court of inquiry concluded that he had \"abandoned his position without sufficient cause,\" and recommended his dismissal from the Army. During the fighting on Maryland Heights, the other Confederate columns arrived—Walker to the base of Loudoun Heights at 10 a.m. and Jackson's three divisions (Brig. Gen. John R. Jones to the north, Brig. Gen. Alexander R. Lawton in the center, and Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill", "Title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry Content: two dozen prisoners. Eight militiamen were wounded. Alburtis said that he could have ended the raid with help from other citizens. By 3:30 that afternoon, President James Buchanan ordered a company of U.S. Marines (the only government troops in the immediate area) to march on Harpers Ferry under the command of Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee, lieutenant colonel of the 2nd U.S. Cavalry Regiment. Lee had been on leave from his regiment, stationed in Texas, when he was hastily called to lead the detachment and had to command it while wearing his civilian clothes. Lee first offered the role of", "Title: Battle of Harpers Ferry Content: On the night of September 11, McLaws arrived at Brownsville, 6 miles northeast of Harpers Ferry. He left 3,000 men near Brownsville Gap to protect his rear and moved 3,000 others toward the Potomac River to seal off any eastern escape route from Harpers Ferry. He dispatched the veteran brigades of Brig. Gens. Joseph B. Kershaw and William Barksdale to seize Maryland Heights on September 12. The other Confederate columns were making slow progress and were behind schedule. Jackson's men were delayed at Martinsburg. Walker's men were ordered to destroy the aqueduct carrying the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal across the", "Title: Harpers Ferry, West Virginia Content: war asked for the assistance of the Navy Department for a unit of United States Marines, the nearest troops. Lieutenant Israel Greene was ordered to take a force of 86 Marines to the town. In need of an officer to lead the expedition, U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee was found on leave nearby and was assigned as commander along with Lt. J. E. B. Stuart as his aide-de-camp. Lee led the unit in his regular civilian clothes, as none of his uniforms were available when he accepted the command. The whole contingent arrived by train on October 18,", "Title: Robert E. Lee Content: Lee was at both events. Lee initially remained loyal to the Union after Texas seceded. John Brown led a band of 21 abolitionists who seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in October 1859, hoping to incite a slave rebellion. President James Buchanan gave Lee command of detachments of militia, soldiers, and United States Marines, to suppress the uprising and arrest its leaders. By the time Lee arrived that night, the militia on the site had surrounded Brown and his hostages. At dawn, Brown refused the demand for surrender. Lee attacked, and Brown and his followers were captured after", "Title: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park Content: the Confederates a week later and shipped most of the manufacturing implements south. Jackson spent the next two months preparing his troops and building fortifications, but was ordered to withdraw south and east to assist P.G.T. Beauregard at the First Battle of Bull Run. Union troops returned in force, occupying the town and began to rebuild parts of the armory. Stonewall Jackson, now a major general, returned in September 1862 under orders from Robert E. Lee to retake the arsenal and then to join Lee's army north in Maryland. Jackson's assault on the Federal forces there, during the Battle of", "Title: Battle of Harpers Ferry Content: not only to seize its supplies of rifles and ammunition, but to secure his line of supply back to Virginia. Although he was being pursued at a leisurely pace by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan and the Union Army of the Potomac, which outnumbered him by more than two to one, Lee chose the risky strategy of dividing his army to seize the prize of Harpers Ferry. While the corps of Maj. Gen. James Longstreet drove north in the direction of Hagerstown, Lee sent columns of troops to converge and attack Harpers Ferry from three directions. The largest column, 11,500", "Title: John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry Content: of the events are particularly clear with regard to the Heyward Shepherd monument. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry (also known as John Brown's raid or The raid on Harpers Ferry) was an effort by abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. Brown's party of 22 was defeated by a company of U.S. Marines, led by First Lieutenant Israel Greene. Colonel Robert E. Lee was in overall command of the operation to retake the arsenal. John Brown had originally", "Title: Battle of Harpers Ferry Content: the approaching men from Kershaw's South Carolina brigade, who had been moving slowly through the very difficult terrain on Elk Ridge. Rifle volleys from behind abatis caused the Confederates to stop for the night. Kershaw began his attack at about 6:30 a.m., September 13. He planned to push his own brigade directly against the Union breastworks while Barksdale's Mississippians flanked the Federal right. Kershaw's men charged into the abatis twice and were driven back with heavy losses. The inexperienced New York troops were holding their own. Their commander, Col. Ford, felt ill that morning and stayed back two miles (3", "Title: John Brown's Fort Content: abolitionists and run-away slave guerrillas. Beginning their raid the night of October 16, Brown and his small army of 21 men (16 white and 5 black) captured the armory and arsenal and succeeded in taking 60 citizens of Harper's Ferry hostage. The local militia and armed townspeople killed several members of the insurrection and forced Brown to take up position in the fire engine house where Brown's men had placed several of the hostages and prepared a defensive fortification. On the night of October 17, U.S. marines and then Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee and his aide J.E.B. Stuart arrived" ]

[ "Brevet Colonel Robert E. Lee", "Colonel Robert E. Lee", "First Lieutenant Israel Greene" ]

[ "Title: Disney's Art of Animation Resort Content: Disney's Art of Animation Resort Disney's Art of Animation Resort is a resort within Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It is located where construction on the unfinished half of Disney's Pop Century Resort was started but later abandoned after the September 11 attacks. The resort is the first to be built in the complex in over seven years and the fifth to be placed in the value-priced category, along with Disney's All-Star Sports Resort, the All-Star Music Resort, the All-Star Movies Resort, and Disney's Pop Century Resort. Family suites opened on May 31, 2012, and standard", "Title: Art of Disney Animation Content: Art of Disney Animation Art of Disney Animation is an attraction at the Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris, Disney's California Adventure in Disneyland Resort and Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. In Walt Disney Studios Park, the attraction opened on March 16, 2002, along with the park, and is located in the Toon Studios Area (previously known as Animation Courtyard). Toon Studios is where the animated characters come alive - here guests learn about how Disney animated movies are created and can step into the imaginary worlds of animated features from Disney and Pixar. The Art", "Title: Disney's Art of Animation Resort Content: rooms opened on September 15, 2012. Originally, the land the Art of Animation Resort occupies was planned to be part of Disney's Pop Century Resort as part of the \"Legendary Years\" section. Several buildings were constructed for these plans, some even to the point of adding decorative details. While one-half of Pop Century (the \"Classic Years\") opened in 2003, the other half was left abandoned following the tourism halt after the September 11 attacks on the United States. Disney started to prepare the land for the resort in January 2010, and construction began in the summer of that year. At", "Title: Art of Disney Animation Content: Epcot since April 2016. In 10th anniversary celebration, half of the building (the renaissance age) has been converted into Big Hero 6 Headquarters, where guests can meet and greet with Baymax since February 22, and Hiro Hamada only on June 4 as an atmosphere character. However, it's been closed since June 30. Art of Disney Animation Art of Disney Animation is an attraction at the Walt Disney Studios Park in Disneyland Paris, Disney's California Adventure in Disneyland Resort and Hong Kong Disneyland in Hong Kong Disneyland Resort. In Walt Disney Studios Park, the attraction opened on March 16, 2002, along", "Title: Disney's Pop Century Resort Content: of the September 11 attacks and was redeveloped as a fifth value-priced resort, Disney's Art of Animation Resort, in 2012. After achieving international success with existing accommodations, Walt Disney Parks and Resorts began construction of the first value-priced resorts at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The three-resort complex opened during the 1990s, consisting of Disney's All-Star Movies, All-Star Music, and All-Star Sports Resorts. The properties proved themselves as successful investments, leading to the development of a fourth value-priced resort in 1999. The resort was originally planned to open in 2001, though the opening was eventually", "Title: Disney's Art of Animation Resort Content: King\", and \"The Little Mermaid\". Much like the other Disney Value Resorts, giant versions of various items are built around the hotel on each of the ten wings, such as a model of King Triton. In total, there are 1,984 rooms. of which 1,120 are family suites capable of housing up to six people, featuring living rooms and bedrooms. The remaining 864 sport the standard value layout. The resort has a total of ten buildings, as well as three themed pools. Disney's Art of Animation Resort Disney's Art of Animation Resort is a resort within Walt Disney World Resort in", "Title: Disney's Art of Animation Resort Content: the time of this announcement on May 12, 2010, Disney did not say how much construction is expecting to cost, but it was mentioned that approximately 800 jobs would be produced. When the \"Legendary Years\" buildings were first being made, a bridge named the Generation Gap Bridge was constructed to connect both parts of Pop Century and made them accessible to each other. The bridge connects Pop Century to the \"Finding Nemo\" section of the Art of Animation Resort. The resort is designed \"with families in mind.\" It features four of Disney's popular character themes: \"Cars\", \"Finding Nemo\", \"The Lion", "Title: Animation Academy Content: DisneyQuest in 1998. It was also recently added to Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney California Adventure. It can be found within Art of Disney Animation at Walt Disney Studios Park. The attraction opened at Hong Kong Disneyland on July 14, 2007 and is located adjacent to the Opera House in Main Street, U.S.A.. The attraction itself is a drawing session with a Disney animator who teaches guests to draw a Disney character. Guests may take their own artwork home if they want after the drawing session. Animation Academy Animation Academy is an attraction at Disney California Adventure, Walt Disney Studios", "Title: Epcot Center Ultralight Flightpark Content: years, when it was cleared for the second phase of Disney's Pop Century Resort, named the Legendary Years. Construction on the hotel was stopped after the September 11 attacks caused tourism to drop off. The former airport is now the site of Disney's Art of Animation Resort, which opened in May 2012. Epcot Center Ultralight Flightpark had one circular runway designated \"ALL/WAY\" with a 424 x 424 ft (129 x 129 m) turf surface. There were 20 aircraft based at this airport: 50% single-engine and 50% ultralight. Epcot Center Ultralight Flightpark Epcot Center Ultralight Flightpark was a private-use ultralight airport", "Title: Art of Disney Animation Content: house the Star Wars Launch Bay. The Animation Academy has no main show, such as the one in the Paris and Florida attractions, but there are a variety of attractions and exhibits the guests can visit. These attractions are located at Hollywood Land which is a themed land at Disney California Adventure. \"The area is inspired by the 1930’s Golden Age period of Hollywood\" and features attractions related to this concept. The Disney Animation Academy is where guests can get lessons on how to draw various Disney characters. As part of the park's \"Frozen Fun\" event, which ran through May" ]

[ "May 31 , 2012" ]

[ "Title: Subcutaneous injection Content: Subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as opposed to intravenous) injection of recreational drugs is referred to as \"skin popping.\" Subcutaneous administration may be abbreviated as SC, SQ, sub-cu, sub-Q, SubQ, or subcut. Subcut is the preferred abbreviation for patient safety. Subcutaneous tissue has few blood vessels and so drugs injected here are for slow, sustained rates of absorption.", "Title: Injection (medicine) Content: epidermis of the skin. The injection is often given at a 5 to 15 degree angle with the needle placed almost flat against the patient's skin. Absorption takes the longest from this route compared to intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections. Because of this, intradermal injection are often used for sensitivity tests, like tuberculin and allergy tests, and local anesthesia tests. The reactions caused by these tests are easily seen due to the location of the injections on the skin. Common sites of intradermal injections are the forearm and lower back. A depot injection is an injection, usually subcutaneous, intradermal, or", "Title: Subcutaneous injection Content: It is slower than intramuscular injections but still faster than intradermal injections. Sites include, A 25 to 31 gauge thick, 3/8\" to 1\" long needle can be used. The size is determined by the amount of subcutaneous tissue present, which is based on patient build. The 3/8\" and 5/8\" needles are most commonly used. Usually, no more than 1 mL of solution is given, compared to intradermal injections, where no more than 0.5 mL is usually given. Subcutaneous injections are inserted at 45 to 90 degree angles, depending on amount of subcutaneous tissue present and length of needle- a shorter,", "Title: Percutaneous Content: also refers to a device that is implanted in the body, such as a heart pump (LVAD), and receives power through a lead that passes through the skin to a battery pack outside the body. Percutaneous In surgery, a percutaneous procedure is any medical procedure or method where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin, rather than by using an \"open\" approach where inner organs or tissue are exposed (typically with the use of a scalpel). The percutaneous approach is commonly used in vascular procedures such as angioplasty and stenting. This involves a", "Title: Subcutaneous injection Content: 3/8\" needle is usually inserted 90 degrees and a 5/8\" needle is usually inserted at 45 degrees. Medication is administered slowly, about 10 seconds/milliliter. A person with insulin-dependent (either type 1 or type 2) diabetes mellitus typically injects insulin subcutaneously. The injection should be given under the skin, into the fat layer. Subcutaneous injection A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis. Subcutaneous injections are highly effective in administering vaccines and medications such as insulin, morphine, diacetylmorphine and goserelin. Subcutaneous (as", "Title: Subdermal implant Content: dermal punch. To have one of these implants installed, an incision is made down to the subcutaneous layer (subcutis) of the skin. A dermal elevator, a widely used medical instrument, separates the subcutis and the fascia, creating the pocket in which the implant will be inserted. After the implant is placed, the incision is stitched shut. Surgical tape is often applied to minimize movement while the skin fuses around the implant. Contraceptive implants in the UK and Australia are \"injected\" under the skin using a special device similar to a large syringe or ear-piercing gun, and extracted by making a", "Title: Percutaneous Content: Percutaneous In surgery, a percutaneous procedure is any medical procedure or method where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin, rather than by using an \"open\" approach where inner organs or tissue are exposed (typically with the use of a scalpel). The percutaneous approach is commonly used in vascular procedures such as angioplasty and stenting. This involves a needle catheter getting access to a blood vessel, followed by the introduction of a wire through the lumen (pathway) of the needle. It is over this wire that other catheters can be placed into the", "Title: Injection (medicine) Content: the tissues between the skin and the muscle. Absorption of the medicine is slower than that of intramuscular injection. Since the needle does not need to reach the muscles, often a bigger gauge and shorter needle is used. Usual site of administration is fat tissues behind the arm. Certain intramuscular injection medicine such as EpiPen® can also be used subcutaneously. Insulin injection is a common type of subcutaneous injection medicine. Certain vaccines including MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella), Varicella (Chickenpox), Zoster (Shingles) are given subcutaneously. In an Intradermal Injection, medication is delivered directly into the dermis, the layer just below the", "Title: Incision and drainage Content: Incision and drainage Incision and drainage and clinical lancing are minor surgical procedures to release pus or pressure built up under the skin, such as from an abscess, boil, or infected paranasal sinus. It is performed by treating the area with an antiseptic, such as iodine-based solution, and then making a small incision to puncture the skin using a sterile instrument such as a sharp needle, a pointed scalpel or a lancet. This allows the pus fluid to escape by draining out through the incision. Good medical practice for large abdominal abscesses requires insertion of a drainage tube, preceded by", "Title: Subcutaneous tissue Content: to visceral fat, which is found in the peritoneal cavity, and can be measured using body fat calipers to give a rough estimate of total body adiposity. Injection into the subcutaneous tissue is a route of administration used for drugs such as insulin: because it is highly vascular, the tissue absorbs drugs quickly. Subcutaneous injection is believed to be the most effective manner to administer some drugs, such as human growth hormones. Just as the subcutaneous tissue can store fat, it can also provide good storage space for drugs that need to be released gradually because there is limited blood" ]

[ "the subcutis" ]

[ "Title: Human digestive system Content: the colon or large intestine. Water is absorbed here and the remaining waste matter is stored prior to defecation. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. A major digestive organ is the stomach. Within its mucosa are millions of embedded gastric glands. Their secretions are vital to the functioning of the organ. There are many specialised cells of the GI tract. These include the various cells of the gastric glands, taste cells, pancreatic duct cells, enterocytes and microfold cells. Some parts of the digestive system are also part of the excretory system, including the large", "Title: Human digestive system Content: fats to some degree though is not as efficient as the pancreatic lipase. The pylorus, the lowest section of the stomach which attaches to the duodenum via the pyloric canal, contains countless glands which secrete digestive enzymes including gastrin. After an hour or two, a thick semi-liquid called chyme is produced. When the pyloric sphincter, or valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes further with digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and then passes through the small intestine, where digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs", "Title: Small intestine Content: Small intestine The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place. The small intestine has three distinct regions – the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum is the shortest part of the small intestine and is where preparation for absorption begins. It also receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct, controlled by the sphincter of Oddi. The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients and minerals from food, using small finger-like", "Title: Digestion Content: The partially digested food enters the duodenum as a thick semi-liquid chyme. In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. The intestinal walls are lined with villi, and their epithelial cells is covered with numerous microvilli to improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine. In the large intestine the passage of food is slower to enable fermentation by the gut flora to take place. Here water is absorbed and waste material stored as feces to be removed", "Title: Human digestive system Content: small intestine contains circular folds, flaps of doubled mucosal membrane which partially encircle and sometimes completely encircle the lumen of the intestine. These folds together with villi serve to increase the surface area of the jejunum enabling an increased absorption of digested sugars, amino acids and fatty acids into the bloodstream. The circular folds also slow the passage of food giving more time for nutrients to be absorbed. The last part of the small intestine is the ileum. This also contains villi and vitamin B12; bile acids and any residue nutrients are absorbed here. When the chyme is exhausted of", "Title: Gastrointestinal tract Content: the pyloric sphincter of the stomach to the anus and, as in other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. In humans, the small intestine is further subdivided into the duodenum, jejunum and ileum while the large intestine is subdivided into the, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal. The small intestine begins at the duodenum and is a tubular structure, usually between 6 and 7 m long. Its mucosal area in an adult human is about 30 m. Its main function is to absorb the products of digestion (including carbohydrates,", "Title: Gastrointestinal tract Content: proteins, lipids, and vitamins) into the bloodstream. There are three major divisions: The large intestine also called the colon, consists of the cecum, rectum, and anal canal. It also includes the appendix, which is attached to the cecum. The colon is further divided into: The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water. The area of the large intestinal mucosa of an adult human is about 2 m. The gut is an endoderm-derived structure. At approximately the sixteenth day of human development, the embryo begins to fold ventrally (with the embryo's ventral surface becoming concave) in two directions:", "Title: Gastrointestinal tract Content: the stomach, distal duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon and anal canal. In addition, the oral cavity has adventitia. Approximately 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 75% of these genes are expressed in at least one of the different parts of the digestive organ system. Over 600 of these genes are more specifically expressed in one or more parts of the GI tract and the corresponding proteins have functions related to digestion of food and uptake of nutrients. Examples of specific proteins with such functions are pepsinogen PGC and the lipase LIPF, expressed in chief cells, and", "Title: Gastrointestinal tract Content: Gastrointestinal tract The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces. The mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines are part of the gastrointestinal tract. \"Gastrointestinal\" is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines. A tract is a collection of related anatomic structures or a series of connected body organs. All bilaterians have a gastrointestinal tract, also called a gut or an alimentary canal.", "Title: Human digestive system Content: The duodenum is the first and shortest section of the small intestine. It is a hollow, jointed C-shaped tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. It starts at the duodenal bulb and ends at the suspensory muscle of duodenum. The attachment of the suspensory muscle to the diaphragm is thought to help the passage of food by making a wider angle at its attachment. Most food digestion takes place in the small intestine. Segmentation contractions act to mix and move the chyme more slowly in the small intestine allowing more time for absorption (and these continue in the large intestine)." ]

[ "The small intestine", "small intestine" ]

[ "Title: Ossification Content: small opening in the diaphysis. It invades the primary center of ossification, bringing osteogenic cells (osteoblasts on the outside, osteoclasts on the inside.) The canal of the nutrient foramen is directed away from more active end of bone when one end grows more than the other. When bone grows at same rate at both ends, the nutrient artery is perpendicular to the bone. Most other bones (e.g. vertebrae) also have primary ossification centers, and bone is laid down in a similar manner. Secondary centers The secondary centers generally appear at the epiphysis. Secondary ossification mostly occurs after birth (except for", "Title: Ossification of humerus Content: Ossification of humerus The humerus is ossified from \"eight\" centers, one for each of the following parts: the body, the head, the greater tubercle, the lesser tubercle, the capitulum, the trochlea, and one for each epicondyle. One primary and seven secondary centres . The center for the body appears near the middle of the diaphysis in the eighth week of fetal life, and soon extends toward the extremities. This is the primary centre At birth the humerus is ossified in nearly its whole length, only the extremities remaining cartilaginous. During the first year, sometimes before birth, ossification commences in the", "Title: Endochondral ossification Content: growth. The process of appositional growth occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness due to the addition of more extracellular matrix on the peripheral cartilage surface, which is accompanied by new chondroblasts that develop from the perichondrium. The first site of ossification occurs in the primary center of ossification, which is in the middle of diaphysis (shaft). Then: About the time of birth in mammals, a secondary ossification center appears in each end (epiphysis) of long bones. Periosteal buds carry mesenchyme and blood vessels in and the process is similar to that occurring in a primary ossification center.", "Title: Ossification center Content: of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another. Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolæ. There are two types of ossification centers – primary and secondary. A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing", "Title: Ossification center Content: bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers. A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared – most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in", "Title: Ossification Content: long bones and other bones. This requires a hyaline cartilage precursor. There are two centers of ossification for endochondral ossification. The primary center In long bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft). Chondrocytes multiply and form trebeculae. Cartilage is progressively eroded and replaced by hardened bone, extending towards the epiphysis. A perichondrium layer surrounding the cartilage forms the periosteum, which generates osteogenic cells that then go on to make a collar that encircles the outside of the bone and remodels the medullary cavity on the inside. The nutrient artery enters via the nutrient foramen from a", "Title: Sternum Content: sternum which is ossified from six centers: one for the manubrium, four for the body, and one for the xiphoid process. The ossification centers appear in the intervals between the articular depressions for the costal cartilages, in the following order: in the manubrium and first piece of the body, during the sixth month of fetal life; in the second and third pieces of the body, during the seventh month of fetal life; in its fourth piece, during the first year after birth; and in the xiphoid process, between the fifth and eighteenth years. The centers make their appearance at the", "Title: Radius (bone) Content: The radius is ossified from \"three\" centers: one for the body, and one for each extremity. That for the body makes its appearance near the center of the bone, during the eighth week of fetal life. Ossification commences in the lower end between 9 and 26 months of age. The ossification center for the upper end appears by the fifth year. The upper epiphysis fuses with the body at the age of seventeen or eighteen years, the lower about the age of twenty. An additional center sometimes found in the radial tuberosity, appears about the fourteenth or fifteenth year. The", "Title: Ossification Content: distal femur and proximal tibia which occurs during 9th month of fetal development). The epiphyseal arteries and osteogenic cells invade the epiphysis, depositing osteoblasts and osteoclasts which erode the cartilage and build bone. This occurs at both ends of long bones but only one end of digits and ribs. Several hypotheses have been proposed for how bone evolved as a structural element in vertebrates. One hypothesis is that bone developed from tissues that evolved to store minerals. Specifically, calcium-based minerals were stored in cartilage and bone was an exaptation development from this calcified cartilage. However, other possibilities include bony tissue", "Title: Primary bone Content: acidophilic. The primary ossification occurs in the diaphysis. In contrast, secondary ossification centers appear later at the epiphyses of the cartilage and develop similarly to the diaphysis. Primary bone cancer is a type of sarcoma, a cancer that originates in bone, muscle, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, fat tissue, as well as some other tissues. Primary bone cancer can arise in any of the 206 bones in the body but is mostly seen to originate the arms and the legs. The most common cases are observed in children and young adults. The following list includes types of primary bone cancer: Primary" ]

[ "prenatal development" ]

[ "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: Kevin storms to the third floor of the house after refusing to apologize to his family. During the night, Peter accidentally resets the alarm clock, causing the family to oversleep once again. At the airport, Kevin stops to replace the batteries for his Talkboy, carrying Peter's bag which contains the batteries (along with Peter's wallet and large amounts of cash). Losing sight of his family, Kevin inadvertently boards a flight to New York City after mistakenly following a man wearing a jacket identical to Peter's. Upon arrival in New York City, Kevin decides to tour the city. While there, Kevin", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: that Kevin is missing. After tracking the whereabouts of the credit card, they fly to New York. Meanwhile, Kevin goes to his uncle Rob's townhouse, only to find the house vacant and undergoing renovations while Rob and his family are still in Paris. At Central Park, he encounters and befriends the pigeon lady. They go to Carnegie Hall, where the pigeon lady explains how her life collapsed when her lover left her. Kevin encourages her to trust people again, and promises to be her friend. Kevin confides in her that he's misbehaved and that he doesn't deserve Christmas. She suggests", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Home Alone 2: Lost in New York is a 1992 American Christmas comedy film written and produced by John Hughes and directed by Chris Columbus. It is the second film in the \"Home Alone\" series and the sequel to \"Home Alone\". Macaulay Culkin reprises his role as Kevin McCallister, while Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern reprise their roles as the Wet Bandits, now known as the Sticky Bandits. Catherine O'Hara, John Heard, Rob Schneider, Tim Curry, and Brenda Fricker are also featured. Kevin and his family decide to take a trip to Florida,", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: film is also notable for featuring a cameo from future U.S. President Donald Trump, who had owned the Plaza Hotel at the time of the film's production. A sequel, \"Home Alone 3\", followed five years later in 1997. The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Miami, gathering at Peter and Kate's home outside of Chicago. Peter and Kate's youngest son, Kevin, sees Florida as contradictory to Christmas, due to the lack of Christmas trees in Florida. Later, at a school Christmas pageant, Kevin's older brother Buzz humiliates him, causing Kevin to retaliate and ruin the pageant. Back home,", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: and they reconcile. On Christmas Day, a truckload of gifts arrive at the McCallisters' hotel room from the toy store. Kevin reconciles with the rest of his family, and goes to Central Park to give the pigeon lady the second turtledove, cementing their friendship. At the Plaza, Buzz receives the bill for Kevin's stay and shows it to Peter who calls out, \"Kevin! You spent $967 on room service?!\" prompting Kevin to run back to the hotel. Numerous based on \"Home Alone 2\" were released by THQ for such systems as the Sega Genesis, the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Super", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: but Kevin takes the wrong plane and ends up in New York City. He tries to make do with what he has, such as using his father's credit card to stay at the Plaza Hotel, but is soon confronted by the Wet Bandits and must outrun and out-prank them again. The film was shot in Winnetka, Illinois; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago; Evanston, Illinois; and New York City. The film became the second most financially successful film of 1992, earning over $173 million in revenue in the United States and $359 million worldwide against a budget of $20 million. The", "Title: Home Alone Content: local mall Santa if he could bring his family back for Christmas. He goes to church and watches a choir perform and meets Old Man Marley, who dispels the rumors about him. He points out his granddaughter in the choir, whom he never gets to meet as he and his son are estranged; Kevin suggests that he should reconcile with his son. Kevin returns home and rigs the house with booby traps to take on the bandits. Harry and Marv break in, spring the traps and suffer various injuries. While the duo pursues Kevin around the house, he calls the", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: meets a homeless woman tending to pigeons at Central Park, which frightens him. Kevin goes to the Plaza Hotel, where he uses Peter's credit card to check in. Meanwhile, the \"Wet Bandits\", Harry and Marv, have traveled to New York City after escaping during a prison riot and now call themselves the \"Sticky Bandits\". On Christmas Eve, Kevin visits a toy store where he meets its philanthropic owner, Mr. E.F. Duncan. Kevin learns that the proceeds from the store's Christmas sales will be donated to a children's hospital, and provides a donation. As a token of appreciation, Mr. Duncan offers", "Title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York Content: Kevin a pair of ceramic turtledoves as a gift, instructing him to give one to another person as a sign of eternal friendship. After a run-in with Harry and Marv, Kevin rushes back to the Plaza. The hotel's concierge, Mr. Hector, confronts Kevin about the credit card, which has been reported stolen. Kevin flees the hotel after evading Mr. Hector, but he is eventually caught by Harry and Marv. They brag about their plan to break into the toy store at midnight, just before Kevin manages to escape. After landing at Miami International Airport, the rest of the family discovers", "Title: Home Alone Content: police and flees, luring the duo into a neighboring home which they previously broke into. Harry and Marv subdue him, but Marley sneaks in and knocks them unconscious with his shovel before they can harm Kevin. The police arrive and arrest Harry and Marv, having identified all the houses they broke into due to the latter's habit of flooding them. On Christmas Day, Kevin is disappointed to find that his family is still gone, and discovers that Santa did not make it due to the untouched state of his cookies and milk. He then hears Kate enter the house and" ]

[ "Florida" ]

[ "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: also returning from the first season, as well as Wil Traval and David Tennant in guest roles. They are joined by J. R. Ramirez, Terry Chen, Leah Gibson, and Janet McTeer. The second season was ordered in January 2016, with filming beginning in April 2017, back-to-back with the miniseries \"Marvel's The Defenders\". Filming concluded in September 2017. The season was released on March 8, 2018. It received mostly positive reviews from critics, who once again praised Ritter's performance and the series' female focus, but felt the season suffered from pacing issues and a lack of a compelling villain after Tennant's", "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: shield being broken, as well as mention of the Raft prison. The season also mentions the Rand Corporation from \"Iron Fist\", and makes multiple references to Spider-Man. The second season of \"Jessica Jones\" was released on March 8, 2018, to coincide with International Women's Day, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K and high dynamic range. In December 2017, a teaser trailer for the season was released, along with announcing the season release date. A trailer was released on February 7, 2018. Ahead of the season releasing, Netflix revealed the episode titles and creative teams with pulp", "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: Jessica Jones (season 2) The second season of the American web television series \"Jessica Jones\", which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows Jones as she takes on a new case after the events surrounding her encounter with Kilgrave. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Tall Girls Productions, with Melissa Rosenberg serving as showrunner. Krysten Ritter stars as Jones, with Rachael Taylor, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Eka Darville", "Title: Jessica Jones (TV series) Content: Kitchen. All episodes of the first season premiered on November 20, 2015. They were released to critical acclaim, with critics noting Ritter's and Tennant's performances as well as the series' noir tone, approach to sexuality, and depiction of darker topics such as rape, assault and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In January 2016, Netflix renewed \"Jessica Jones\" for a second season; filming began in April 2017 and concluded in September 2017. The second season was released on March 8, 2018, and a third season was ordered on April 12, which is scheduled to be released in 2019. Following the tragic end", "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: Arocho and Callum Keith Rennie as Karl Malus. Elden Henson and Rob Morgan reprise their roles as Foggy Nelson and Turk Barrett from previous Marvel Netflix series, respectively. Filming began the week of April 3, 2017 in New York City, once again using the working title \"Violet\". This followed the end of production on \"The Defenders\" in March, with Ritter having indicated in May 2016 that the season would film back-to-back with \"The Defenders\". Filming occurred at the Long Island Aquarium and Exhibition Center. Filming for the season wrapped on September 14, 2017. Approaching the second season, Rosenberg wanted to", "Title: Jessica Jones Content: Defenders\", a 2017 crossover miniseries. A second season of \"Jessica Jones\" was released on Netflix on March 8, 2018, on International Women's Day. The second season of \"Jessica Jones\", follows Jones as she takes on a new case after the events surrounding her encounter with Kilgrave. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios and Tall Girls Productions, with Melissa Rosenberg serving as showrunner. Jessica Jones Jessica Campbell Jones is a fictional superhero appearing in", "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: Jones\" would get an additional season before \"Marvel's The Defenders\". Rosenberg later expanded on this, saying that Marvel Television and Netflix were working out the placement of a potential second season, though \"[i]t might not be possible from a logistical standpoint\" to have a second season of \"Jessica Jones\" debut before \"The Defenders\"; Sarandos later confirmed this to be the case, stating that the season would air after \"The Defenders\" released in 2017. On January 17, 2016, Netflix ordered a second season of 13 episodes. Raelle Tucker joined the season as an executive producer and writer, replacing Liz Friedman from", "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: of her being\" after the first season focused on Jones' trauma and facing her abuser. After the season was ordered, several main cast members revealed that they would return for the second season, including Ritter as Jessica Jones, Rachael Taylor as Patricia \"Trish\" Walker, and Carrie-Anne Moss as Jeri Hogarth. Eka Darville also reprises his role as Malcolm Ducasse. In March 2017, J. R. Ramirez was cast as Oscar Arocho, which was revealed in July after the airing of his character's death on \"Power\". In April 2017, Janet McTeer was cast in an undisclosed role, described as someone who has", "Title: Jessica Jones (TV series) Content: one of those things that happens. We had talked about whether that was the best title for it, and that's how it happened.\" Rosenberg added that the \"AKA\" would still be seen in the name of each episode. In January 2016, Netflix ordered a second season of 13 episodes. Raelle Tucker joined the series as an executive producer and writer for the second season, replacing Friedman, who departed the series to work on the pilot for the ABC series, \"Conviction\". A third season was ordered on April 12, 2018, a month after the second season was released. That August, Rosenberg", "Title: Jessica Jones (season 2) Content: comic covers for each episode created by women artists. The artists included, in respective order for each episode: Stephanie Hans, Jen Bartel, Elizabeth Torque, Kate Niemczyk, Colleen Doran, Erica Henderson, Audrey Mox, Joyce Chin, Jenny Frison, Amy Reeder, Emanuela Lupacchino, June Brigman, and Annie Wu. The season held its red carpet premiere on March 7, 2018 at the AMC Loews Lincoln Square. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 83% with an average rating of 7.02/10, based on 72 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"While \"Jessica Jones\" is a slower burn with less focus" ]

[ "March 8 , 2018", "March eight , 2018" ]

[ "Title: 2001 Carolina Panthers season Content: win: the only other teams in NFL history to win their opener and lose the remainder of their games being the 1936 Philadelphia Eagles and the 1969 Pittsburgh Steelers. The Panthers consequently beat the record for most consecutive losses during a single NFL season shared by the 1976 Buccaneers, the 1980 Saints, the 1981 Colts and the 1990 Patriots. This has since been broken by two winless teams: the 2008 Detroit Lions and 2017 Cleveland Browns. Following the dreadful season, head coach George Seifert was fired and replaced by John Fox. By the end of the season, the Panthers had", "Title: Cleveland Browns Content: since 1999. Through the end of the 2017 season, the Browns' win–loss record since returning to the NFL in 1999 is 88–216. In 2017, the Browns became only the second team in league history to finish a season 0–16, joining the 2008 Detroit Lions. Through the 2017 season, the Browns hold the longest active playoff drought in the NFL, at 15 seasons. The history of the Cleveland Browns American football team began in 1944 when taxi-cab magnate Arthur B. \"Mickey\" McBride secured a Cleveland franchise in the newly formed All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Paul Brown was the team's namesake and", "Title: 2016 Los Angeles Rams season Content: their 1–15 2009 season. The Rams also missed the playoffs for the 12th straight season, the 3rd longest current streak in the NFL. Only the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns had longer such streaks. They also clinched their 13th straight losing season, which is the longest current streak in the NFL. The Rams were also the only team to lose to the 49ers in 2016, as both wins for the 49ers were against the Rams. On December 12, 2016, Fisher was fired after a 14–42 loss to the Atlanta Falcons and clinching another losing record at 4–9. John Fassel was", "Title: Arizona Cardinals Content: game, came in , nearly two decades before the first Super Bowl. They returned to the title game to defend in 1948, but lost the rematch 7–0 in a snowstorm in Philadelphia. Since winning the championship in 1947, the team suffered many losing seasons, and currently holds the longest active championship drought of North American sports at 70 consecutive seasons after Major League Baseball's Chicago Cubs ended their 108 year drought in 2016. In 2012 the Cardinals became the first NFL franchise to lose 700 games since its inception. The franchise's all-time win-loss record (including regular season and playoff games)", "Title: 2017 Cleveland Browns season Content: the Steelers on downs and sealing the Browns' fate. With the loss, the Browns became the second team in NFL history to finish 0-16 after the 2008 Detroit Lions. Hue Jackson's career record with the Browns fell to 1-31, the worst 32-game record since the league adapted a 16-game schedule in 1978. The Browns tied their franchise record of 17 straight losses. It also was their 21st consecutive road loss, 17th consecutive loss against a divisional opponent, and 14th consecutive loss in Pittsburgh. The Browns lost 50 of 55 games between Week 10 of the 2014 season and the end", "Title: Three-peat Content: three-peat include the Green Bay Packers (1968), Miami Dolphins (1974), Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: 1976, 1980), San Francisco 49ers (1990), Dallas Cowboys (1994), Denver Broncos (1999), and New England Patriots (2005). All of these teams failed to return to the title game in the third season (indicated in parentheses). The Buffalo Bills went to 4 consecutive Super Bowls from 1990–1993 which is a feat unmatched in NFL history, however they lost in every appearance. In the early years of the NFL, decades before the introduction of either the term \"three-peat\" or the Super Bowl, the Packers won three consecutive NFL titles", "Title: Seattle Seahawks Content: reached the playoffs in 16 separate seasons, including in the 2005 season when they lost Super Bowl XL to the Pittsburgh Steelers, the 2013 season when they defeated the Denver Broncos to win Super Bowl XLVIII, and the 2014 season when they lost Super Bowl XLIX to the New England Patriots. In the 2010 season, the Seahawks became the first team in NFL history to earn a spot in the playoffs with a losing record (7–9, .438) in a full season; this was by virtue of winning the division. The Seahawks would go on to defeat the reigning Super Bowl", "Title: Card-Pitt Content: was dissolved the day after the season ended. Only five teams since 1944 have gone winless in the NFL for an entire season: the 1960 Dallas Cowboys (0–11–1), the 1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers (0–14), the (strike shortened) 1982 Baltimore Colts (0–8–1), the 2008 Detroit Lions (0–16) and the 2017 Cleveland Browns (0-16). Card-Pitt punters averaged 32.7 yards per kick, which was still the worst mark in NFL history. The team was 0–2 in field goal attempts, and Conway Baker missed 4 of his 15 extra point tries. Card-Pitt passers had a 31% completion rate, and threw for just eight touchdowns.", "Title: Shutouts in baseball Content: victories achieved in a single season with 32; the White Sox did so in 1906, and the Cubs did so in 1907 and 1909. The 1908 St. Louis Cardinals hold the record of being shut out 33 times in one season. Only five teams in Major League Baseball history have gone an entire season without recording a single shutout victory. In 1898, three teams—the Brooklyn Bridegrooms, St. Louis Browns, and Washington Senators—failed to defeat a team all season without allowing a run. The 1899 Cleveland Spiders also achieved this record—winning 20 games to a record 134 losses. The only team", "Title: 2004 Buffalo Bills season Content: in the 2000s (2000–2009) and would be the Bills' last winning season until 2014. According to Football Outsiders, who has tracked every play in the NFL since the early 1990s, the 2004 Bills are statistically the best NFL team (in their record-keeping history) to have failed to qualify for the playoffs. The Bills set an NFL record by returning six kickoffs for touchdowns in 2004. Their match with the Miami Dolphins in Week 6 is the only time in the NFL since 1968 that the last two winless teams have met each other. The Bills drafted future starters Lee Evans" ]

[ "Arizona Cardinals", "Tampa Bay Buccaneers" ]

[ "Title: New Jersey wine Content: Nacional, Traminette, Trebbiano, Vespolina, Vidal blanc, Vignoles (Ravat 51), Villard blanc, Villard noir, Viognier, Vranec, Zinfandel, and Zweigelt. Other fruit: açaí berries, almonds, apples, apricots, Asian pears, bananas, beach plums, black currants, blackberries, blueberries, cherries, cranberries, dandelions, honey (mead), kiwifruit, limes, mangoes, nectarines, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, pomegranates, pumpkins, raspberries, strawberries, sugar plums, and watermelons. Today, New Jersey is ranked seventh in the nation in total wine production behind California, New York, Washington, Oregon, Kentucky and Florida. However, New Jersey's production is minuscule compared to California's wine industry which produces 89.5% of the country's total production. In 2010, 1.72 million", "Title: American wine Content: average 28.2 percent in 2010, versus 27 percent in 2009. \"As of 2005\", the largest producers of American wine. American wine American wine has been produced for over 300 years. Today, wine production is undertaken in all fifty states, with California producing 89 percent of all US wine. The United States is the fourth-largest wine producing country in the world, after France, Italy, and Spain. The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including \"Vitis labrusca\", \"Vitis riparia\", \"Vitis rotundifolia\", and \"Vitis vulpina.\" But the wine-making industry is based on the cultivation of the European \"Vitis", "Title: American wine Content: American wine American wine has been produced for over 300 years. Today, wine production is undertaken in all fifty states, with California producing 89 percent of all US wine. The United States is the fourth-largest wine producing country in the world, after France, Italy, and Spain. The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including \"Vitis labrusca\", \"Vitis riparia\", \"Vitis rotundifolia\", and \"Vitis vulpina.\" But the wine-making industry is based on the cultivation of the European \"Vitis vinifera\", which was introduced by European settlers. With more than under vine, the United States is the sixth-most planted", "Title: Washington wine Content: Wine Estates (which owns the original Chateau. Ste Michelle label as well as several others) is the largest producer in the state, owning more than a third of all vineyard land in Washington. In his book \"Washington Wines and Wineries: The Essential Guide\", Paul Gregutt, a wine writer for \"The Seattle Times\" and \"Wine Enthusiast\", found that there is a common perception that Washington does not excel with any particular flagship variety or blend, as is common in most of the world's notable wine regions such as Napa Valley with Cabernet Sauvignon, the Mosel with Riesling, Australia with Shiraz, Chablis", "Title: Washington (state) Content: apples, hops, pears, red raspberries, spearmint oil, and sweet cherries, and ranks high in the production of apricots, asparagus, dry edible peas, grapes, lentils, peppermint oil, and potatoes. Livestock and livestock products make important contributions to total farm revenue, and the commercial fishing of salmon, halibut, and bottomfish makes a significant contribution to the state's economy. Washington ranks second only to California in the production of wine. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, ship-building, and other transportation equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals, and machinery. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam,", "Title: New York (state) Content: the production of garments, mainly in New York City; and furs, railroad equipment, automobile parts, and bus line vehicles, concentrated in Upstate regions. New York is the nation's third-largest grape producing state, and second-largest wine producer by volume, behind California. The southern Finger Lakes hillsides, the Hudson Valley, the North Fork of Long Island, and the southern shore of Lake Erie are the primary grape- and wine-growing regions in New York, with many vineyards. In 2012, New York had 320 wineries and 37,000 grape bearing acres, generating full-time employment of nearly 25,000 and annual wages of over US$1.1 billion, and", "Title: New Jersey wine Content: Ciliegiolo, Colobel, Colombard, Concord, Corot noir, Corvina, Counoise, De Chaunac, Delaware, Diamond, Dolcetto, Durif (Petite Sirah), Fredonia, Frontenac, Frontenac gris, Gewürztraminer, Geneva Red, Grechetto, Grenache, Grüner Veltliner, Horizon, Ives noir, La Crescent, Lagrein, Lakemont, Landot noir, Léon Millot, Malbec, Malvasia bianca, Marechal Foch, Marquette, Marquis, Marsanne, Merlot, Mourvèdre, Muscat blanc, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Ottonel, Nebbiolo, Nero d'Avola, Niagara, Noah, Noiret, Norton (Cynthiana), Orange Muscat, Petit Manseng, Petit Verdot, Pinotage, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Rayon d'Or, Reliance, Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Roussanne, Sagrantino, Sangiovese, Sauvignon blanc, Teroldego, Schiava Grossa, Sémillon, Seyval blanc, St. Laurent, Sumoll, Syrah, Tempranillo, Tinta Cão, Touriga", "Title: Assembly of European Wine-producing Regions Content: industry representatives are grouped together in the European Wine Trade Council (CEPV), which drafts documents to be approved by the plenary council. Alentejo, Alsace, Aquitaine, Arad, Aragón, Bács-Kiskun, Baden-Württemberg, Baranya, Bavaria, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Burgundy, Burgenland, Castilla-La-Mancha, Castilla y León, Catalonia, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Constanta, Extremadura, Euskadi, Franche-Comté, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Galicia, Hesse, Languedoc-Roussillon, La Rioja, Liguria, Lombardia, Macedonia, Madeira, Madrid, Midi-Pyrénées, Murcia, Navarra, Niederösterreich, Norte, Odessa oblast, Pays de Loire, Piedmont, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhineland-Palatinate, Rhône-Alpes, Sicily, Slovenia, Steiermark, The Czech Republic, Tolna, Trento, Valais, Valencia, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto. Assembly of European Wine-producing Regions The Assembly of European Wine-producing Regions or Assemblée des Régions Européennes", "Title: Texas wine Content: those areas. There are more than 200 wineries in Texas, producing around 4,100 tons of wine, making it the fourth-largest wine producing state in the nation. That puts Texas behind California, New York, and Washington respectively. The University of Texas System is the largest wine producer in the state with over planted near Fort Stockton in West Texas. First established as an experimental vineyard in 1987, the university leases the land to a group of Bordeaux wine makers who produce two labels-Ste. Genevieve and Escondido Valley. The second largest winery is Llano Estacado Winery. Many of the wineries offer tastings.", "Title: Organic beans Content: perform a site inspection. Certification information for other nations can be found on the Organic certification Wikipedia page. Michigan is currently the top organic dry bean producing state in the U.S., accounting for 37% of the area and 47% of the sales. The majority of the area is located in the \"Thumb\" region of Michigan, with black beans being the most common class produced organically. Colorado and North Dakota are the second and third top producers, respectively, of organic dry beans in the United States. Washington is the top producer of organic snap beans, followed by Michigan and California. In" ]

[ "Oregon", "California", "Washington", "Pennsylvania", "New York" ]

[ "Title: Game of Thrones (season 8) Content: to premiere in April 2019. Ramin Djawadi is set to return as the composer of the show for the eighth season. On December 6, 2018, HBO released the first official teaser trailer for the eighth season. Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found", "Title: Game of Thrones (season 8) Content: Dream of Spring\". The season will be adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. The season is scheduled to premiere in April 2019. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series; it will instead adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels", "Title: Game of Thrones (season 8) Content: Game of Thrones (season 8) The eighth and final season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" was announced by HBO in July 2016. Unlike the first six seasons that each had ten episodes and the seventh that had seven episodes, the eighth season will have only six episodes. Like the previous season, it will largely consist of original content not found currently in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series and will also adapt material Martin has revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series, \"The Winds of Winter\" and \"A", "Title: Game of Thrones (season 7) Content: Game of Thrones (season 7) The seventh and penultimate season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017. Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven. Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series. The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Title: Game of Thrones Content: Game of Thrones Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\". It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in Northern Ireland, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Scotland, Spain, and the United States. The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017. The series will conclude with its eighth season", "Title: David Benioff Content: the finale season of \"Game of Thrones\" is completed in 2019. Benioff and D.B. Weiss together directed two episodes of \"Game of Thrones\", but used a coin-flip to decide who would get the credit on the show. Benioff was given the credit for episode 3 of the third season, \"Walk of Punishment\", while Weiss was credited with \"Two Swords\", the first episode of season 4. Benioff and Weiss will direct the series finale of \"Game of Thrones\". On September 30, 2006, Benioff married actress Amanda Peet in New York City. Together they have three children: Frances \"Frankie\" Pen Friedman, born", "Title: Game of Thrones (season 8) Content: be the last time that we would be doing this\". In an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", HBO programming president Casey Bloys stated that instead of the series finale being a feature film, the final season would be \"six one-hour movies\" on television. He continued, \"The show has proven that TV is every bit as impressive and in many cases more so, than film. What they're doing is monumental.\" Filming officially began on October 23, 2017, and concluded in July 2018. Co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss have said that the seventh and eighth season would likely consist of fewer", "Title: Game of Thrones (season 7) Content: fifth season. New York Mets baseball pitcher Noah Syndergaard made a background cameo as a javelin-throwing Lannister soldier in \"The Spoils of War.\" On April 21, 2016, HBO officially ordered the seventh season of \"Game of Thrones\", just three days prior to the premiere of the show's sixth season. In a June 2016 interview with \"Variety\", co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss revealed the seventh season would likely consist of fewer episodes, stating at the time of the interview that they were \"down to our final 13 episodes after this season. We're heading into the final lap.\" Director Jack", "Title: The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) Content: \" The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones) \"The Winds of Winter\" is the tenth and final episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the sixtieth overall. It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik. Cersei Lannister plots to destroy all her immediate enemies with one swift stroke; Arya Stark gets revenge; Jon Snow is declared King in the North by the lords of the Northern houses; Bran Stark learns that Jon is actually the son of Lyanna Stark; Samwell Tarly arrives at the", "Title: The Children (Game of Thrones) Content: The Children (Game of Thrones) \"The Children\" is the tenth and final episode of the fourth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 40th overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Alex Graves. \"The Children\" received overwhelming acclaim from critics, with praise directed at the deaths of Shae and Tywin Lannister, Bran reaching the Heart Tree and the fight scene between Brienne and Sandor \"The Hound\" Clegane. This episode marks the final appearances of Sibel Kekilli (Shae), Rose Leslie (Ygritte) and Thomas Brodie-Sangster (Jojen Reed). Daenerys" ]

[ "The eighth", "eighth", "the eighth season" ]

[ "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: Vikram Samvat Vikram Samvat (IAST: Vikrama Samvat) (abbreviated as V.S. (or VS) or B.S. (or BS)); ) (also called the Bikrami calendar or sometimes just Hindu calendar) is the historical Hindu calendar of India and Nepal. It uses lunar months and solar sidereal years. It is the official calendar of Nepal. The Vikram Samvat is notable because many ancient and medieval era inscriptions use it. It is said to be named after the legendary king Vikramaditya, but the term \"Vikrama Samvat\" does not appear in the historical records before the 9th century, rather the same calendaring system is found by", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: calendar. For example, the year 2075 VS began in 2018 CE and will end in 2019 CE. The Rana rulers of Nepal made Vikram Samvat the official Hindu calendar in 1901 CE, which started as Samvat 1958. In Nepal, the new year begins with the first day of the month of Baishakh, which usually falls around 13-15 April in the Gregorian calendar. The first day of the new year is passionately celebrated in a historical carnival that takes place every year in Bhaktapur, called Bisket Jatra. From 2007 AD, Nepal Sambat is recognized as the national calendar. In India, the", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: has been widely used. With the arrival of the Islamic rule era, the Hijri Islamic calendar became the official calendar of various Sultanates and the Mughal Empire. During the colonial rule era of the Indian subcontinent, the Gregorian calendar was adopted and it is commonly used in the urban areas of India and Nepal. The predominantly Muslim countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh use the Islamic calendar since 1947, but older texts variously included the Bikrami and Gregorian calendar systems. In 2003, the India-based Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee of Sikhism adopted the Nanakshahi calendar, a move that continues to be debated.", "Title: Leap year Content: - October and mid - November. Buddhist calendars in several related forms (each a simplified version of the Hindu calendar) are used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Sri Lanka. The Hindu Calendar also known as Vikram Samvat is used in Nepal as the national calendar. All the official work is done based on this calendar. The calendar followed in some parts of South India (mainly in Tamil Nadu) is solar. It has a leap year every four years. The Bahá'í calendar is a solar calendar composed of 19 months of", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: reformulated Saka Calendar is officially used (although not for computing the dates of the traditional festivals). In the Hindi version of the Preamble of the Constitution of India, however, the date of adoption of the constitution, 26 November 1949, is presented in Vikram Samvat (Margsheersh Shukla Saptami Samvat 2006). There have been calls for the Vikram Samvat to replace Saka as India's official calendar. The classical Vikram Samvat uses lunar months and solar sidereal years. Because 12 months do not match a sidereal year exactly, correctional months (\"adhika māsa\") are added or, occasionally, subtracted (\"kshaya masa\"). A lunar year consists", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: Cambodia, Kerala, Kashmir, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu and Thailand In addition to Nepal, the Vikram Samvat calendar is also recognized in North and East India, and in Gujarat among Hindus. Hindu religious festivals are based on Vikram Samvat. In North India the new year in Vikram Samvat starts from the first day of Chaitra Skukla paksha. In Buddhist communities, the month of Baishakh is associated with Vesak or Buddha's Birthday. It commemorates the birth, Enlightenment and passing of Gautama Buddha on the first full moon day in May, except in a leap year when the festival is", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: The Vikrami calendar is the official calendar of Nepal. The Vikrami calendar is similar in conceptual design to the Gregorian calendar, but different from the Jewish calendar. Unlike Gregorian calendar which adds additional days to lunar month to adjust for the mismatch between twelve lunar cycles (354 lunar days) and nearly 365 solar days, the Vikrami and Jewish calendars maintain the integrity of the lunar month, but insert an extra full month by complex rules, every 4 years, to ensure that the festivals and crop related rituals fall in the appropriate season. This Indian system of calendar keeping is one", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: held in June. Although this festival is not held on the same day as Pahela Baishakh, the holidays typically fall in the same month (Baishakh) of the Bengali, Hindu, and Theravada Buddhist calendars, and are related historically through the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in South Asia. In Gujarat, the second day of Diwali is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calendar which is the first day of the month Kartik. The Vikrami era is an ancient calendar and has been historically used by Hindus and Sikhs. It is one of the several regional Hindu calendars that", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: have been in use on the Indian subcontinent, and it is based on twelve synodical lunar months and 365 solar days. The lunar new year starts on the new moon in the month of Chaitra. This day, known as Chaitra Sukhladi, is a restricted holiday in India. The Vikrami samvat (\"Bikrami Samvat\" system) has been in use in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times, and remains in use by the Hindus in north, west and central India as well as Nepal. In south India, and some parts of east and west India such as Assam, Bengal and Gujarat, \"saka\" era", "Title: Vikram Samvat Content: denotes noon time; and 'shikardowpehr' when sun is right above. The names of the lunar months are as follows with the new lunar year starting on new moon in Chetar: While an approximate conversion can be made by subtracting 56 or 57, a precise computation requires identification of the version of Vikam Samvat that was used: A software program, \"Pancanga\", is available to make the calculations. Vikram Samvat Vikram Samvat (IAST: Vikrama Samvat) (abbreviated as V.S. (or VS) or B.S. (or BS)); ) (also called the Bikrami calendar or sometimes just Hindu calendar) is the historical Hindu calendar of India" ]

[ "Nepal" ]

[ "Title: Kirsty MacColl Content: Kirsty MacColl Kirsty Anna MacColl (10 October 1959 – 18 December 2000) was a British singer and songwriter. She recorded several pop hits in the 1980s and 1990s, including \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\" and cover versions of Billy Bragg's \"A New England\" and The Kinks' \"Days\". Her song \"They Don't Know\" was covered with great success by Tracey Ullman. MacColl also sang on recordings produced by her husband Steve Lillywhite, most notably \"Fairytale of New York\" by The Pogues. Kirsty MacColl was the daughter of folk singer Ewan MacColl (1915–1989) and dancer Jean", "Title: Kirsty MacColl Content: not due to further releases (download sales counting toward the singles chart since 2005). A 7\" single was produced in 2012 to mark the 25th anniversary of its original appearance (Rhino Records WEA400), backed with an instrumental version. Kirsty MacColl Kirsty Anna MacColl (10 October 1959 – 18 December 2000) was a British singer and songwriter. She recorded several pop hits in the 1980s and 1990s, including \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\" and cover versions of Billy Bragg's \"A New England\" and The Kinks' \"Days\". Her song \"They Don't Know\" was covered with great", "Title: There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis Content: There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\" was Kirsty MacColl's first hit single, charting in the UK at #14 in 1981, and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It reached #9 in the Irish charts. A promotional version was released in the US, which instead referenced a truck stop as opposed to the very British chip shop, but this was only available to DJs and did not get a full release. Norwegian singer Elisabeth Andreasson covered the song on her 1981 country album \"Angel", "Title: There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis Content: of the Morning\", with lyrics in Swedish by Hasse Olsson as \"Killen ner' på Konsum svär att han är Elvis\" (\"The guy down Konsum\" swears he's Elvis). There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\" was Kirsty MacColl's first hit single, charting in the UK at #14 in 1981, and remaining in the charts for nine weeks. It reached #9 in the Irish charts. A promotional version was released in the US, which instead referenced a truck stop as opposed to the very British chip shop,", "Title: Terry (Kirsty MacColl song) Content: Terry (Kirsty MacColl song) \"Terry\" is a song by Kirsty MacColl, released as a single in October 1983, and charting at #82 in the UK the following month. It was her first release after returning to Stiff Records, and was the last in a run of poorly selling singles released between \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\" and \"A New England\". The music video featured an appearance from actor and comedian Ade Edmondson who played MacColl's rejected boyfriend who got her back after fighting off a rival man. Just over a year later, in January", "Title: Kirsty MacColl Content: label shortly before the song was to be released. The single was pulled, and only a few \"white label\" promo copies of the single are known to exist. MacColl moved to Polydor Records in 1981. She had a UK number 14 hit with \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\", taken from her critically acclaimed debut album \"Desperate Character\". In 1983, Polydor dropped her just as she had completed recording the songs for a planned second album (to be called \"Real\") which used more synthesizers and had new wave-styled tracks. She returned to Stiff, where pop", "Title: What Men Deserve to Lose Content: Famous Banjo\" is named after the band's producer Calum MacLean whose stage name is Jason Famous, and when band member Innes travelled to the Staten Island, New York City to buy him a banjo. The title of the track \"There's a Girl Behind the Bar Who Think She's Garbo\", which mentions iconic Swedish film actress Garbo, is believed to be a reference to Kirsty MacColl's first hit \"There's a Guy Works Down the Chip Shop Swears He's Elvis\" from 1981. The track is dedicated to, as the liner notes describe, \"all those barmaids in New York City who tell you", "Title: Pasek and Paul Content: Pasek and Paul Benj Pasek and Justin Paul, known together as Pasek and Paul, are an American songwriting duo and composing team for musical theater, films, and television. Their works include \"\", \"Dogfight\", \"Edges\", \"Dear Evan Hansen\", and \"James and the Giant Peach\". Their original songs have been featured on NBC's \"Smash\" and in the films \"La La Land\", for which they won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song \"City of Stars,\" and The Greatest Showman. Their work on original musical \"Dear Evan Hansen\" has received widespread critical acclaim and earned them", "Title: Fairweather Johnson Content: mile off. Who was really gonna care about another Hootie album?\". All songs written by Mark Bryan, Dean Felber, Darius Rucker and Jim \"Soni\" Sonefeld. Fairweather Johnson Fairweather Johnson is the second studio album by the band Hootie & the Blowfish, released on April 23, 1996. Three songs from the album were released as singles: \"Old Man & Me\", \"Tucker's Town\", and \"Sad Caper\". The album debuted at #1 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in May 1996. It has sold 2,361,000 copies in the US as of May 2012. The album was included in Pitchfork Media's 2010 list of \"ten career-killing", "Title: George Jackson (songwriter) Content: George Jackson (songwriter) George Henry Jackson (March 12, 1945 – April 14, 2013) was an American blues, rhythm & blues, rock and soul songwriter and singer. His prominence was as a prolific and skilled songwriter; he wrote or co-wrote many hit songs for other musicians, including \"Down Home Blues,\" \"One Bad Apple\", \"Old Time Rock and Roll\" and \"The Only Way Is Up\". As a southern soul singer he recorded fifteen singles between 1963 and 1985, with some success. Jackson was born in Indianola, Mississippi, and moved with his family to Greenville at the age of five. He started writing" ]

[ "Kirsty MacColl / Philip Rambow", "Philip Rambow", "Kirsty MacColl" ]

[ "Title: Honda Fit Content: Honda Fit The , also marketed as the , is a five-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive B-segment subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation. Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries, sales reached almost 5 million by mid-2013. Sharing Honda's global small-car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freed and Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior design concept that achieves a re-configurable cargo volume competitive with larger vehicles. Honda released hybrid petrol-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October", "Title: Honda Fit Content: a drop of carbon emission of two grams to 123 g/km for 1.2 L engine and 126 g/km for 1.4 L engine respectively. CVT transmission will also be available on cars with the larger engine. The third generation Fit retains the overall design concept of previous generations, notably the center-located fuel tank and multi-configuration interior concept, marketed as \"Magic Seating\". Honda's all-new \"Global Small Car Platform\" employing ultra-high strength 780 MPa yield steel for 27% of its bodywork — and a shorter overall length (-1.6 inches), longer wheelbase (+1.2inch) increased rear legroom (+4.8 inches) and increased passenger volume (+4.9 cu", "Title: Honda Fit Content: big hit. At its introduction in 2001, it won the Car of the Year Japan Award. By December 2001, it had outsold the Toyota Corolla, and ranked first in sales for nine out of twelve months in 2002. It subsequently was introduced in Europe (early 2002), Australia (late 2002), South America (early 2003), South Africa and South-East Asia (2003), China (Sep 2004), and Mexico (late 2005). The Fit's fuel tank under the front seat and compact rear suspension have enabled the rear seats to fold especially low, creating a flexible and regularised cargo volume that is large for its class.", "Title: Honda Fit Content: 2010 and in Europe in early 2011. Honda released the Fit EV, a limited production all-electric version, in the United States in July 2012 and in Japan the following month. By 2012, Honda Fit was produced in 12 countries, including Japan, Brazil, China, India and Indonesia. Honda uses the nameplate \"Jazz\" in Europe, Oceania, the Middle East, Africa and some parts of Asia such as Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore; and the name \"Fit\" in Japan, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan, and the Americas. The Honda Fit debuted in June 2001 in Japan and immediately became a", "Title: Honda Fit Content: 2006, 27,934 Fits were sold in the United States. A total of 56,432 Fits were sold in the United States in 2007. The 2008 Honda Fit was largely unchanged from the 2007 with the exception of the TPMS and new windshield wipers that abandon the large rubber blade design to a more traditional rigid plastic with thin rubber blade design. MSRP was also increased by roughly US$100. Total sales in the United States for the year were 79,794, an increase of almost 41% over previous year. Honda marketed the Fit as \"Small is the New Big\". \"Car and Driver\" magazine", "Title: Honda Fit Content: a price of per month for three years, based on base price of , and later the monthly lease payment was reduced to for all customers effective from June 2013. Initial availability was limited to California and Oregon, and sales were scheduled to begin in selected markets in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Maryland, New York, and New Jersey by late February 2013. Certified dealers for Fit EV increased from 36 to 200 by the middle of 2013. The Fit EV was released through leasing to local government and corporate customers in Japan in August 2012. Availability in Japan was limited to 200", "Title: Honda Fit Content: is wider and longer overall. Overall height is unchanged, while interior height increased by .3 in. Multi-mode seating and cargo configurations were retained (US models were no longer capable of Refresh/Relax Mode until the following gen), with redesigned headrests enabling more convenient folding of the rear seats. The cabin featured greater interior volume, and boot capacity decreased from 21.3 to . Two engines were offered in the second generation Fit. A i-VTEC produces at 6,000 rpm and at 4,500 rpm. This engine was offered in both European and Asian markets. A i-VTEC engine was also offered and produces a maximum", "Title: Honda Fit Content: ft) compared to its previous generation. Body panels are both welded and bolted to the frame in a hybrid monocoque and spaceframe fusion — and rear torsion beam suspension is more compact, no longer using an anti-sway bar to maximize interior and cargo space. The HR-V shares its platform with the Fit. Japan models went on sale on September 6, 2013. Models available in Japan range from the 13G, 15X, RS and hybrid. The Fit Hybrid uses an Earth Dreams 1.5-liter Atkinson cycle DOHC i-VTEC engine paired with a 7-speed DCT (dual-clutch transmission) and an internal high-output motor, IPU (Intelligent", "Title: Honda Fit Content: Unique to the Japanese market, the Fit is also available in 4WD. Starting at a price of about JPY1,123,000 is the basic 1.3Y model. At the top of the range is the 1.5W four-wheel-drive version for JPY1,743,000. A bewildering range of options and accessories are available at most levels, including Honda's HDD GPS Navigation System called Internavi with its colour screen. This system incorporates TV and FM radio. In Japan, the Fit replaced the market segment previously served by the Honda Civic and shared a platform with the Honda City when the Civic no longer complied with Japanese Government dimension", "Title: Honda Fit Content: trim, 4-speaker CD/MP3/WMA player with USB and AUX jack, immobiliser and 4 Corner Reverse Sensors. It retails at an estimated . The 2008 Fit is available from parallel importers and the authorised dealer in Singapore. The parallel import Fit is available in 1.3 G and GF that comes with an optional sunroof and the 1.5 RS version which packs 120 PS. The RS version has different bumpers, bigger 16-inch rims and has smoked LED tail lamps. The authorised dealer sells the Jazz in two variants 1.3 L and the 1.5 L having similar specifications as the parallel imported Fit but" ]

[ "1,020 -- 1,080 kg", "1,020 -- one,080 kg", "one,020 -- 1,080 kg", "one,020 -- one,080 kg" ]

[ "Title: Edge (geometry) Content: Edge (geometry) In geometry, an edge is a particular type of line segment joining two vertices in a polygon, polyhedron, or higher-dimensional polytope. In a polygon, an edge is a line segment on the boundary, and is often called a side. In a polyhedron or more generally a polytope, an edge is a line segment where two faces meet. A segment joining two vertices while passing through the interior or exterior is not an edge but instead is called a diagonal. In graph theory, an edge is an abstract object connecting two graph vertices, unlike polygon and polyhedron edges which", "Title: Vertex (geometry) Content: Vertex (geometry) In geometry, a vertex (plural: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. The \"vertex\" of an angle is the point where two rays begin or meet, where two line segments join or meet, where two lines intersect (cross), or any appropriate combination of rays, segments and lines that result in two straight \"sides\" meeting at one place. A vertex is a corner point of a", "Title: Graph (discrete mathematics) Content: The \"size\" of a graph is |\"E\"|, its number of edges. The \"degree\" or \"valency\" of a vertex is the number of edges that connect to it, where an edge that connects to the vertex at both ends (a loop) is counted twice. For an edge }, graph theorists usually use the somewhat shorter notation \"xy\". The edges \"E\" of an undirected graph \"G\" induce a symmetric binary relation ~ on \"V\" that is called the \"adjacency relation\" of \"G\". Specifically, for each edge }, the vertices \"x\" and \"y\" are said to be \"adjacent\" to one another, which is", "Title: Loop (graph theory) Content: Loop (graph theory) In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a \"buckle\") is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops (often in concert with allowing or disallowing multiple edges between the same vertices): In a graph with one vertex, all edges must be loops. Such a graph is called a bouquet. For an undirected graph, the degree of a vertex is equal to the number of adjacent", "Title: Vertex (graph theory) Content: a set of vertices no two of which are adjacent, and a vertex cover is a set of vertices that includes at least one endpoint of each edge in the graph. The vertex space of a graph is a vector space having a set of basis vectors corresponding with the graph's vertices. A graph is vertex-transitive if it has symmetries that map any vertex to any other vertex. In the context of graph enumeration and graph isomorphism it is important to distinguish between labeled vertices and unlabeled vertices. A labeled vertex is a vertex that is associated with extra information", "Title: Vertex (geometry) Content: not only with three spatial coordinates but also with other graphical information necessary to render the object correctly, such as colors, reflectance properties, textures, and surface normals; these properties are used in rendering by a vertex shader, part of the vertex pipeline. Vertex (geometry) In geometry, a vertex (plural: vertices or vertexes) is a point where two or more curves, lines, or edges meet. As a consequence of this definition, the point where two lines meet to form an angle and the corners of polygons and polyhedra are vertices. The \"vertex\" of an angle is the point where two rays", "Title: Vertex (graph theory) Content: Vertex (graph theory) In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a vertex (plural vertices) or node is the fundamental unit of which graphs are formed: an undirected graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges (unordered pairs of vertices), while a directed graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of arcs (ordered pairs of vertices). In a diagram of a graph, a vertex is usually represented by a circle with a label, and an edge is represented by a line or arrow extending from one vertex to another. From the point of", "Title: Vertex (graph theory) Content: of the graph, formed by all vertices adjacent to \"v\". The degree of a vertex, denoted 𝛿(v) in a graph is the number of edges incident to it. An isolated vertex is a vertex with degree zero; that is, a vertex that is not an endpoint of any edge (the example image illustrates one isolated vertex). A leaf vertex (also pendant vertex) is a vertex with degree one. In a directed graph, one can distinguish the outdegree (number of outgoing edges), denoted 𝛿(v), from the indegree (number of incoming edges), denoted 𝛿(v); a source vertex is a vertex with indegree", "Title: Graph (discrete mathematics) Content: the same two vertices. A \"loop\" is an edge (directed or undirected) that connects a vertex to itself; it may be permitted or not, according to the application. In this context, an edge with two different ends is called a \"link\". A \"multigraph\", as opposed to a simple graph, is an undirected graph in which multiple edges (and sometimes loops) are allowed. Where graphs are defined so as to \"disallow\" both multiple edges and loops, a multigraph is often defined to mean a graph which can have both multiple edges and loops, although many use the term \"pseudograph\" for this", "Title: Edge contraction Content: Edge contraction In graph theory, an edge contraction is an operation which removes an edge from a graph while simultaneously merging the two vertices that it previously joined. Edge contraction is a fundamental operation in the theory of graph minors. Vertex identification is a less restrictive form of this operation. The edge contraction operation occurs relative to a particular edge, \"e\". The edge \"e\" is removed and its two incident vertices, \"u\" and \"v\", are merged into a new vertex \"w\", where the edges incident to \"w\" each correspond to an edge incident to either \"u\" or \"v\". More generally," ]

[ "loop" ]

[ "Title: The Little Couple Content: child. Arnold is a neonatologist who works at the Texas Children's Hospital, and Klein is a medical supplies and telemarketing businessman. They were originally introduced in a one-hour TLC special, \"Little People: Just Married\". Season 1 of the show premiered on May 26, 2009. Season 2 premiered on October 27, 2009. On February 22, 2010, TLC renewed \"The Little Couple\" for a third season consisting of 20 episodes. The mid-season finale aired after 9 episodes on July 27, 2010, and season 3 returned on October 12, 2010. It was announced on Facebook that the show would be returning for its", "Title: The Little Couple Content: Couple premiered on September 19, 2017. The Little Couple The Little Couple is an American reality television series on TLC that debuted May 26, 2009. The series features Bill Klein, a businessman, and Dr. Jennifer Arnold, a neonatologist, who both have skeletal dysplasia. Arnold is 96.5 cm (3'2\") and Klein 122 cm (4 feet) tall. They moved from New York City, after Jen completed her pediatric residency and masters of medical education at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The show begins with the couple having just moved to Houston, Texas, where the series has documented the customized building of their", "Title: The Haves and the Have Nots (TV series) Content: the series was given an additional 44-episode order. The second half of season 5 premiered on June 20, 2017 and ended with the season finale on September 12, 2017. On November 21, 2017, the series was renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on January 9, 2018, and the 1st mid-season finale aired March 13, 2018 and on March 13, 2018, OWN also announced the second half of the season, which premiered on May 1, 2018 and with the 2nd mid-season finale July 17, 2018. On July 17, 2018, OWN announced the third half of the season, which premiered on", "Title: Will & Grace (season 9) Content: Will & Grace (season 9) The ninth season of the American comedy series \"Will & Grace\" premiered on September 28, 2017. It comprised 16 episodes, and is the first of three planned reunion seasons following the series' eighth season in 2006. The season concluded on April 5, 2018. In January 2017, NBC announced that \"Will & Grace\" would return for a 12-episode limited series during the 2017–18 season. At the time of the announcement, all four principal cast members (Debra Messing, Eric McCormack, Sean Hayes and Megan Mullally) had already confirmed their return to the revival. An additional four episodes", "Title: Will & Grace (season 9) Content: based on 27 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Will & Grace (season 9) The ninth season of the American comedy series \"Will & Grace\" premiered on September 28, 2017. It comprised 16 episodes, and is the first of three planned reunion seasons following the series' eighth season in 2006. The season concluded on April 5, 2018. In January 2017, NBC announced that \"Will & Grace\" would return for a 12-episode limited series during the 2017–18 season. At the time of the announcement, all four principal cast members (Debra Messing, Eric McCormack, Sean Hayes and Megan Mullally) had already confirmed their", "Title: The Little Couple Content: The Little Couple The Little Couple is an American reality television series on TLC that debuted May 26, 2009. The series features Bill Klein, a businessman, and Dr. Jennifer Arnold, a neonatologist, who both have skeletal dysplasia. Arnold is 96.5 cm (3'2\") and Klein 122 cm (4 feet) tall. They moved from New York City, after Jen completed her pediatric residency and masters of medical education at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. The show begins with the couple having just moved to Houston, Texas, where the series has documented the customized building of their home and attempts to have a", "Title: The Little Couple Content: On October 15, 2013, they adopted a daughter, Zoey, also a little person, from Delhi, India. The series went into an hiatus on June 4, 2013, and returned on August 13, 2013. In December 2013, Arnold revealed that she was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer, stage 4 choriocarcinoma, due to a non-viable pregnancy she had suffered in September 2013. She allowed the cameras to document her struggle. Season 6 premiered on March 4, 2014. It features Zoey's adoption, Arnold's cancer treatment, Will's fourth birthday, baptisms, the holiday season, and Arnold's 40th birthday. The new season of The Little", "Title: The Little Couple Content: 4th season on May 31, 2011. Again, the season was split, with the second half of season 4 premiering on September 27, 2011. In February 2012, Klein opened \"Rocky&Maggie\" in Rice Village Houston. named after their pets Chihuahua Rocky and rescue mutt terrier Maggie. Arnold's mother Judy manages the store. Season 5 began on March 20, 2012, and follows Klein and Arnold as they move into their custom-built dream home and launch a brand-new business. In March 2013, they adopted their son, Will, from Hohhot, China. The adoption of their son, who also has dwarfism, is featured in Season 5.", "Title: Love & Hip Hop Content: It To Stevie\", starring Stevie J, would make its series premiere on December 19, 2016, back-to-back with the third season of \"K. Michelle: My Life\". On February 21, 2017, VH1 announced \"\" would be returning for a sixth season on March 6, 2017. On April 19, 2017, VH1 announced \"Joseline's Special Delivery\", a special documenting the birth of Joseline's child, which aired between the season's eighth and ninth episodes on May 1, 2017. Additionally, \"Dirty Little Secrets 2\", a special featuring unseen footage and deleted scenes, aired on May 10, 2017. On April 13, 2017, VH1 announced that season four", "Title: Young Sheldon Content: the prequel series began in November 2016, from an initial idea that Parsons passed along to \"The Big Bang Theory\" producers. The following March, Armitage and Perry were cast, and the series was ordered by CBS. The series premiered as a special preview on September 25, 2017, and two days later, CBS picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes. On November 2, 2017, new episodes began airing weekly. In January 2018, CBS renewed the series for a second season which premiered on September 24, 2018. Set in 1989, the series follows Sheldon Cooper from age 9" ]

[ "September 19 , 2017", "September nineteen , 2017" ]

[ "Title: Martin Bayfield Content: side. He went on the 1993 British Lions tour to New Zealand, and was part of the 1995 World Cup squad. He would play 18 times partnering Martin Johnson. His final appearance for England came in the 1996 Five Nations match against Wales. His last game was against Gloucester in February 1998; a neck injury sustained in training a few days later forced him to retire. Since retirement, Bayfield has worked as a journalist, an after-dinner speaker, and has appeared in all of the \"Harry Potter\" films playing the half-giant Hagrid, as Robbie Coltrane's body and stunt double. (He also", "Title: Robbie Coltrane Content: 11 December 1999. The couple have two children: son Spencer (b. 1992), and daughter Alice (b. 1998). Coltrane and Gemmell separated in 2003 and later divorced. Robbie Coltrane Robbie Coltrane (born Anthony Robert McMillan; 30 March 1950) is a Scottish actor and author. He is known for his roles as Rubeus Hagrid in the \"Harry Potter\" films, as Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky in the James Bond films \"GoldenEye\" and \"The World Is Not Enough,\" and as Dr. Eddie \"Fitz\" Fitzgerald in the British TV series \"Cracker\" during the 1990s. Coltrane was born Anthony Robert McMillan in Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, the", "Title: Robbie Coltrane Content: won him three BAFTA awards. Roles in bigger films followed; the James Bond films \"GoldenEye\" (1995) and \"The World Is Not Enough\" (1999), a supporting role in \"From Hell\" (2001), as well as half-giant Rubeus Hagrid in the \"Harry Potter\" films (2001–2011). J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter series, had Coltrane at the top of her list to play Hagrid and, when asked whom she would like to see in the role, responded \"Robbie Coltrane for Hagrid\" in one quick breath. There is also an unnamed 8ft actor who stands in for the 6ft 1in Coltrane in some", "Title: Robbie Coltrane Content: Robbie Coltrane Robbie Coltrane (born Anthony Robert McMillan; 30 March 1950) is a Scottish actor and author. He is known for his roles as Rubeus Hagrid in the \"Harry Potter\" films, as Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky in the James Bond films \"GoldenEye\" and \"The World Is Not Enough,\" and as Dr. Eddie \"Fitz\" Fitzgerald in the British TV series \"Cracker\" during the 1990s. Coltrane was born Anthony Robert McMillan in Rutherglen, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, the son of Jean Ross (née Howie), a teacher and pianist, and Ian Baxter McMillan, a general practitioner who also served as a forensic police surgeon. He", "Title: Rubeus Hagrid Content: adaptations of the \"Harry Potter\" novels. Robin Williams was interested for the role and approached Chris Columbus, the director of the first two films, about participating in the project but Columbus rejected him due to the \"all-British and Irish cast\" policy. Rowling had wanted Coltrane for the role from the start, responding \"RobbieColtraneforHagrid\" all in one quick breath when asked who was the top of her list of casting choices. Coltrane was already a fan of the books and has commented that being part of the \"Harry Potter\" franchise was \"a fantastic thing.\" Rowling discussed Hagrid's past and future with", "Title: Rubeus Hagrid Content: Coltrane, assisting him in preparing for the role. She also stated that \"Robbie is just perfect for Hagrid because Hagrid is a very loveable character, quite likeable, quite comic [...] but he had to have – you really do have to sense – a certain toughness underneath [...] and I think Robbie does that perfectly.\" Former English rugby union player Martin Bayfield portrayed Hagrid as a stunt performer in longer shots due to his large size to emphasise Hagrid’s height. Bayfield also appeared as a young Hagrid in \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\". In \"Philosopher’s Stone\", Hagrid is", "Title: Francesco Pannofino Content: Italian language. He is the official voice actor of George Clooney and Denzel Washington. Other actors he often or occasionally dubs includes Mickey Rourke, Ray Winstone, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Antonio Banderas, Tom Hanks, Kurt Russell, Dan Aykroyd, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Michael Madsen, Kiefer Sutherland and Kevin Spacey. Pannofino performed the Italian voices of characters such as Rubeus Hagrid in the \"Harry Potter\" franchise, Lrrr in \"Futurama\", Gil Grissom in \"\", Budd in \"\" and \"\" and many more. In 1978, Pannofino was a witness of the kidnapping of Aldo Moro. At that time, he was waiting for a bus to", "Title: Cinema of Scotland Content: in British TV series such as \"Shameless\" and \"Early Doors\". Actor, comedian and author Robbie Coltrane, widely known for his role as Rubeus Hagrid in the \"Harry Potter\" series of films, is another BAFTA Award-winning actor from Scotland. He was voted 6th in a poll to find the 'most famous Scot' and placed 10th in ITV's list of \"TV's Greatest Stars.\" David Tennant is a multi award-winning Scottish actor best known for his role in \"Doctor Who\" as the 10th incarnation of the Doctor. He has also featured in numerous other television shows, movies, theatre productions and radio dramas. Kelly", "Title: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) Content: final half-hour, Jeanne Aufmuth of \"Palo Alto Online\" stated that the film would \"enchant even the most cynical of moviegoers.\" \"USA Today\" reviewer Claudia Puig gave the film three out of four stars, especially praising the set design and Robbie Coltrane's portrayal of Hagrid, but criticised John Williams' score and concluded \"ultimately many of the book's readers may wish for a more magical incarnation.\" The sets, design, cinematography, effects and principal cast were all given praise from Kirk Honeycutt of \"The Hollywood Reporter\", although he deemed John Williams' score \"a great clanging, banging music box that simply will not shut", "Title: Rubeus Hagrid Content: in my head of the huge gigantic Hagrid walking through the forest crying with Harry in his arms\". Nineteen years after Voldemort’s defeat, Hagrid is still at Hogwarts and invites Harry and Ginny Weasley's second son Albus Severus Potter to his hut for tea, just as he had once done for Harry himself, implying that he and Harry are still close. During an interview in 2007, when asked if Hagrid did marry, Rowling answered that Hagrid developed a relationship with a giantess but it did not work out. Scottish actor Robbie Coltrane has portrayed Hagrid in all of the film" ]

[ "6ft 1in" ]

[ "Title: Justice of the peace Content: presiding justice of the peace. Administrative justice of the peace are court officers appointed by the Minister of Justice, and perform duties such as receiving criminal informations and issuing warrants. Presiding justice of the peace are appointed by commission under the Great Seal, and can try some criminal matters and issue warrants. They are appointed from advocates of at least ten years' standing and serve full-time until the age of 70. In Yukon, justices of the peace are lay officers of the court. They sit in the Justice of the Peace Court, which is part of the Territorial Court of", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: Justice of the peace A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or \"puisne\" court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: Yukon. In Hong Kong, the historical functions of justices of the peace have been replaced by full-time, legally qualified magistrates. Nowadays, justices of the peace are essentially titles of honour given by the Government to community leaders, and to certain officials while they are in their terms of offices. They have no judicial functions, and their main duties include visiting prisons, institutions for young offenders and drug addicts, psychiatric hospitals, remand homes, places of refuge, reception and detention centres, administering statutory declarations, and serving as members of advisory panels. In India, justices of the peace do exist, but they no", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: the peace, or wardens of the peace. The title \"justice of the peace\" derives from 1361, in the reign of Edward III. The \"peace\" to be guarded is the sovereign's, the maintenance of which is the duty of the Crown under the royal prerogative. Justices of the peace still use the power conferred or re-conferred on them since 1361 to bind over unruly persons \"to be of good behaviour\". The bind over is not a punishment, but a preventive measure, intended to ensure that people thought likely to offend will not do so. The justices' alternative title of \"magistrate\" dates", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: preside over cases within the prison system. In Belgium, the justice of the peace (, ) is a law-trained judge who sits the lowest Court of record with original jurisdiction over small claims (less than €2500) matters of civil, commercial, and family law, including: tenancy and lease disputes, neighborhood disputes (party structures, trespassing, noise pollution), apartment buildings, small deceased estates, alimony, guardianships & adoption, and the commitment of mental patients and oversight of their care. Litigants may opt either for conciliation or trial. Lawyers may act as \"locum tenens\" JPs. In Canada, justices of the peace play a role in", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: Commissioner cannot sign an Affidavit, in Ireland that function is performed by a Commissioner for Oaths. A justice of the peace (JP), according to the Ministry of Justice, is a person of unquestionable integrity who seeks to promote and protect the rights of the individual and helps to provide justice to persons in a particular community. Additionally, the JP serves as a justice in petty court sessions, attends juvenile court sessions, issues summonses, considers applications for bail, explains and signs legal documents, sits on licensing panels, and gives counsel/advice. Any Jamaican citizen that can speak and write English is eligible", "Title: Justices of the Peace Act 1361 Content: with sureties to be of good behaviour towards The Crown and people of the realm, and set fines, specifying the fine should be 'reasonable and just' according to the circumstances of the offence. The role of Justice of the Peace, now often known as Magistrates, originates from the Justices of the Peace Act 1361. The powers and responsibilities of them have altered over their long history. A Justice of the Peace held powerful sentencing powers such as hanging, whipping and penal transportation. Justices' of the Peace gained an array of duties such as dealing with local infrastructure such as roads", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: officers. In the Northwest Territories, justices may hear summary conviction matters, municipal by-laws, and certain criminal matters. However, in more populated provinces justices usually preside over bail hearings and provincial offences courts. When not in a court session, a justice can perform other judicial functions, such as issuing search warrants. In Ontario, justices perform a wide variety of duties related to criminal and regulatory law, at the federal, provincial and municipal levels. Ontario JP wear a green sash versus red worn by judges. In Quebec, there are two type of justices of the peace, administrative justice of the peace and", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: stature in the community who is authorized to witness and sign statutory declarations and affidavits as well as certify documents. They may also perform citizenship ceremonies and act as a Visiting Justice in prisons the function of which is to record a prisoner's grievance and decide on its validity. They have certain powers to issue search warrants, and (in conjunction with another justice of the peace) may try minor criminal trials in the district court and exercise powers to remand defendants in custody, grant bail, and adjourn court hearings. They are nominated for office by local Members of Parliament and", "Title: Justice of the peace Content: JPs were transferred to lay magistrates. It is expected that there will be no further appointments of justices of the peace in Northern Ireland, although those already appointed retain the title and any functions not transferred to lay magistrate under the 2002 Act. In some US states, the justice of the peace is a judge of a court of limited jurisdiction, a magistrate, or a quasi-judicial official with certain statutory or common law magisterial powers. Some states have special qualifications or unique features for the office. The justice of the peace typically presides over a court that hears misdemeanor cases," ]

[ "dispense summary justice" ]

[ "Title: 1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards Content: 1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards The 11th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 4 January 1977, honored the best filmmaking of 1976. 1. All the President's Men<br> 2. \"Taxi Driver\"<br> 3. \"The Memory of Justice\" 1. Martin Scorsese – \"Taxi Driver\"<br> 2. Alan J. Pakula – \"All the President's Men\"<br> 3. Éric Rohmer – \"The Marquise of O\" (\"Die Marquise von O...\") 1. Robert De Niro – \"Taxi Driver\"<br> 2. Gérard Depardieu – \"The Last Woman\" (\"La dernière femme\")<br> 2. William Holden – \"Network\" 1. Sissy Spacek – \"Carrie\"<br> 2. Faye Dunaway – \"Network\"<br> 3. Liv", "Title: Network (1976 film) Content: Network (1976 film) Network is a 1976 American satirical film written by Paddy Chayefsky and directed by Sidney Lumet, about a fictional television network, UBS, and its struggle with poor ratings. The film stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Peter Finch, and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy, Ned Beatty, and Beatrice Straight. The film won four Academy Awards, in the categories of Best Actor (Finch), Best Actress (Dunaway), Best Supporting Actress (Straight), and Best Original Screenplay (Chayefsky). In 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally,", "Title: 48th Academy Awards Content: 48th Academy Awards The 48th Academy Awards were presented Monday, March 29, 1976, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. The ceremonies were presided over by Walter Matthau, Robert Shaw, George Segal, Goldie Hawn and Gene Kelly. This year, ABC took over broadcast rights from NBC and continues to broadcast them today. The recent previous editions had been held on Tuesday night. (NBC's coverage of the NCAA championship basketball game aired opposite the ceremony; during the presentation of the Best Film Editing award, the winner was jokingly announced (by presenter Elliott Gould) as \"Indiana, 86–68\"; the undefeated Indiana", "Title: King Kong (1976 film) Content: King Kong (1976 film) King Kong is a 1976 American monster film produced by Dino De Laurentiis and directed by John Guillermin. It is a remake of the 1933 film of the same name about a giant ape that is captured and imported to New York City for exhibition. Featuring special effects by Carlo Rambaldi, it stars Jeff Bridges, Charles Grodin and Jessica Lange in her first film role. The film was the fifth highest-grossing film of 1977 according to box office statistics compiled during its release by \"Variety\". It won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and was", "Title: 49th Academy Awards Content: 1976. For the second straight year, the ceremony was scheduled directly opposite the NCAA championship basketball game on NBC, won by Marquette in Al McGuire's final game as head coach. Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface and indicated with a double dagger (). These films had multiple nominations: The following films received multiple awards. The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers. 49th Academy Awards The 49th Academy Awards were presented Monday, March 28, 1977, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. The ceremonies were presided over by Richard Pryor, Ellen", "Title: Network (1976 film) Content: angle is employed in both instances. Network (1976 film) Network is a 1976 American satirical film written by Paddy Chayefsky and directed by Sidney Lumet, about a fictional television network, UBS, and its struggle with poor ratings. The film stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Peter Finch, and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy, Ned Beatty, and Beatrice Straight. The film won four Academy Awards, in the categories of Best Actor (Finch), Best Actress (Dunaway), Best Supporting Actress (Straight), and Best Original Screenplay (Chayefsky). In 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the", "Title: Charlie Chaplin Content: motion pictures the art form of this century\" in 1972, and a Best Score award in 1973 for \"Limelight\" (shared with Ray Rasch and Larry Russell). He was further nominated in the Best Actor, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Picture (as producer) categories for \"The Great Dictator\", and received another Best Original Screenplay nomination for \"Monsieur Verdoux\". In 1976, Chaplin was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). Six of Chaplin's films have been selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress: \"The Immigrant\" (1917), \"The Kid\"", "Title: 1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards Content: Néstor Almendros – \"The Marquise of O\" (\"Die Marquise von O...\")<br> 3. Michael Chapman – \"Taxi Driver\" 1976 National Society of Film Critics Awards The 11th National Society of Film Critics Awards, given on 4 January 1977, honored the best filmmaking of 1976. 1. All the President's Men<br> 2. \"Taxi Driver\"<br> 3. \"The Memory of Justice\" 1. Martin Scorsese – \"Taxi Driver\"<br> 2. Alan J. Pakula – \"All the President's Men\"<br> 3. Éric Rohmer – \"The Marquise of O\" (\"Die Marquise von O...\") 1. Robert De Niro – \"Taxi Driver\"<br> 2. Gérard Depardieu – \"The Last Woman\" (\"La dernière femme\")<br>", "Title: 78th Academy Awards Content: Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California held on February 18, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams. \"Crash\" won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture. Other winners included \"Brokeback Mountain\", \"King Kong\" and \"Memoirs of a Geisha\" also with three awards apiece, and \"Capote\", \"\", \"The Constant Gardener\", \"Hustle & Flow\", \"March of the Penguins\", \"\", \"\", \"Six Shooter\", \"Syriana\", \"Tsotsi\", \"Walk the Line\" and \"\" with one each. The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers", "Title: 77th Academy Awards Content: \"Ray\" (37th), and \"The Aviator\" (49th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature, directing, acting, or screenwriting. The other top 50 box office hits that earned the nominations were \"Spider-Man 2\" (2nd), \"The Passion of the Christ\" (3rd), \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" (5th), \"The Polar Express\" (10th), \"I, Robot\" (12th), \"Troy\" (13th), \"Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events\" (18th), and \"The Village\" (20th). During his monologue, host Rock joked, \"Clint Eastwood's a star, OK? Tobey Maguire's just a boy in tights,\" He also added, \"You want Tom Cruise and all you can get is Jude" ]

[ "Rocky" ]

[ "Title: Melbourne Cup Content: these legends, however, can definitely be disproved, and history had to wait nearly another 100 years. The first jockey of Indigenous heritage to ride a Melbourne Cup winner was Frank Reys in 1973 on Gala Supreme, who had a Filipino father and a half-Aboriginal mother. The race has undergone several alterations in recent years, the most visible being the entry of many foreign-trained horses. Most have failed to cope with the conditions; the three successful \"foreign raids\" include two by Irish trainer Dermot K. Weld successful in 1993 and 2002, and one in 2006 by Katsumi Yoshida of Japan's renowned", "Title: Melbourne Cup Content: Yoshida racing and breeding family. The attraction for foreigners to compete was, primarily, the low-profile change to the new \"quality handicap\" weighting system. The 1910 Melbourne Cup was won by Comedy King, the first foreign bred horse to do so. Subsequent foreign bred horses to win Cup were Backwood 1924; Phar Lap 1930; Wotan 1936 Belldale Ball 1980; At Talaq 1986; Kingston Rule 1990; Vintage Crop 1993; Jeune 1994; Media Puzzle 2002; Makybe Diva 2003, 2004, 2005; Americain 2010 and Dunaden 2011. The 1938 Melbourne Cup was won by trainer Mrs. Allan McDonald, who conditioned Catalogue. Mrs McDonald was a", "Title: Melbourne Cup Content: Bart Cummings won his fifth Melbourne Cup in 1975. Bart Cummings, regarded as the best Australian horse trainer of all time, went on to win 12 Melbourne Cups to 2008. In 1883, the hardy New Zealand bred, Martini-Henry won the VRC Derby, the Melbourne Cup and on the following Monday retained his undefeated record by winning Mares' Produce Stakes. Phar Lap, the most famous horse in the world of his day, won the 1930 Melbourne Cup at 11/8 odds on, the shortest priced favourite in the history of the race. He had to be hidden away at Geelong before the", "Title: Gai Waterhouse Content: father became ill, she took over his Tulloch Lodge stable, and she has since trained 132 G1 winners and won seven Sydney trainers' premierships. She was also the trainer of Fiorente, the winner of the 2013 Melbourne Cup, becoming the second woman (and first Australian woman) to train a winner of that race. Waterhouse was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame in 2007, and has been described as the \"first lady of Australian racing\". Waterhouse is the daughter of Valerie and Tommy J. Smith , a leading trainer of thoroughbred racehorses, who was based in Sydney. She was", "Title: Etienne L. de Mestre Content: Etienne L. de Mestre Etienne Livingston de Mestre (9 April 1832 – 22 October 1916), was a 19th-century Australian breeder and jockey of Thoroughbred racehorses, was Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer. In his 30-year career he experienced all the highs and the lows of the turf in a career which ended with him dependent on donations from racing friends. With the five wins de Mestre achieved in the Cup's first 18 years, he held the record for training the most Melbourne Cup winners for nearly 100 years. De Mestre won the first two Melbourne Cups with \"Archer\" in 1861 and", "Title: Etienne L. de Mestre Content: Etienne L. de Mestre Etienne Livingston de Mestre (9 April 1832 – 22 October 1916), was a 19th-century Australian breeder and jockey of Thoroughbred racehorses, was Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer. In his 30-year career he experienced all the highs and the lows of the turf in a career which ended with him dependent on donations from racing friends. With the five wins de Mestre achieved in the Cup's first 18 years, he held the record for training the most Melbourne Cup winners for nearly 100 years. De Mestre won the first two Melbourne Cups with \"Archer\" in 1861 and", "Title: Melbourne Cup Content: successful trainer in New Zealand, however, at the time women were not allowed to compete as trainers in Australia so her husband's name was officially recorded as the winning trainer. The 2001 edition was won by New Zealand mare Ethereal, trained by Sheila Laxon, the first woman to formally train a Melbourne Cup winner. She also won the Caulfield Cup, a 2,400 metre race also held in Melbourne, and therefore has won the \"Cups Double\". Maree Lyndon became the first female to ride in the Melbourne Cup, when she partnered Argonaut Style in 1987, in which she ran second last", "Title: 2014 Melbourne Cup Content: oldest in the race's history, with an average age of 6.8 years. Unusually, only two horses in the race were bred in Australia, though a majority of trainers and jockeys were from Australia. Jockeys Glyn and Chad Schofield became the first father and son in the race since 1968, when George and Gary Moore both rode. Sea Moon was scratched the day before the race, after suffering from an ailment. English horse Cavalryman was scratched on the morning of the race due to foreleg swelling. † \"Indicates race favourite\" Race favourite Admire Rakti placed last and died shortly after the", "Title: Robert Hickmott Content: Cup winner Efficient, although the horse was officially trained by Graeme Rogerson. He was appointed head trainer at Williams' Macedon Lodge stables (near Mount Macedon) in 2009, and subsequently trained his first Group 1 winner, Zipping, who won the Australian Cup in 2010. Green Moon, the winner of the 2012 Melbourne Cup, was trained by Hickmott, and also won the Turnbull Stakes in 2012. Another horse trained by Hickmott, Almandin, won the 2016 Melbourne Cup, giving Hickmott his second win as a trainer. Robert Hickmott Robert Hickmott (born 28 January 1969) is an Australian racehorse trainer and former Australian rules", "Title: 2018 Melbourne Cup Content: 2018 Melbourne Cup The 2018 Melbourne Cup (known commercially as 2018 Lexus Melbourne Cup) was the 158th running of the Melbourne Cup, a prestigious Australian Thoroughbred horse race. The race was run over on 6 November 2018 at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne. Lexus commenced a five year naming rights sponsorship deal, taking over from Emirates. It was the last Melbourne Cup broadcast by the Seven Network before Network Ten takes over in 2019. The race was won by Cross Counter, ridden by Kerrin McEvoy and trained by Charlie Appleby. Irish colt The CliffsofMoher was euthanised after he suffered a fractured" ]

[ "Bart Cummings" ]

[ "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: Mapp v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against \"unreasonable searches and seizures,\" may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts as had previously been the law. The Supreme Court accomplished this by use of a principle known as selective incorporation; in \"Mapp\" this involved the incorporation of the provisions, as interpreted by the Court, of the", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: couldn't use the books as evidence in the trial because they were found without a warrant and therefore illegally recovered. Mapp was the first to call upon this law, which created precedent for future cases. The U.S. Supreme Court voted 6-3 in favor of Mapp. The Court overturned the conviction, and five Justices held that the states were bound to exclude evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment. This majority decision applied the exclusionary rule to the states. Justice Potter Stewart, concurring in the result, expressed \"no view as to the merits of the\" exclusionary rule, but concurred because", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: the Ohio statute concerning obscenity, under which Mapp had been convicted, violated the First Amendment. The three dissenting Justices would have adhered to the Court's contrary prior holding in \"Wolf v. Colorado\", 338 U.S. 25 (1949), which declined to apply the exclusionary rule to the states. She was convicted in 1999 Mapp v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643 (1961), was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against \"unreasonable searches and seizures,\" may not be used in state law criminal", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: Fourth Amendment which is applicable only to actions of the federal government into the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause which is applicable to actions of the states. Dollree Mapp was an employee in the illegal gambling rackets dominated by Cleveland rackets kingpin Shon Birns. On May 23, 1957, police officers in Cleveland, Ohio, received an anonymous tip by phone that Virgil Ogletree, a numbers operator who was wanted for questioning in the bombing of rival numbers racketeer and future boxing promoter Don King's home three days earlier, might be found at Mapp's house, as well as illegal betting slips and", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: the apartment of the downstairs tenant, Minerva Tate. In the search of Mapp's apartment and in a footlocker in the basement of the house police found a quantity of \"California Gold\" betting slips and paraphernalia. They also found a pistol and a small number of pornographic books and pictures which Mapp stated a previous tenant named Morris Jones had left behind. Mapp was arrested, charged, and cleared on a misdemeanor charge of possessing numbers paraphernalia; but several months later, after she refused to testify against Shon Birns, Edward Keeling and their associates at their trial that October for the attempted", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: shakedown of Don King, she was prosecuted for possession of the books, found guilty at a 1958 trial of \"knowingly having had in her possession and under her control certain lewd and lascivious books, pictures, and photographs in violation of 2905.34 of Ohio's Revised Code\", and sentenced to one to seven years in prison. Mapp then appealed her case to the Supreme Court, on the grounds that the police had no probable cause to suspect her of having the books. She stated that the 4th Amendment should be incorporated to the state and local level. She argued that the police", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: it inside her dress. The officers struggled with Mapp and recovered the piece of paper which was not seen by her or her lawyers again, and was not introduced as evidence in any of the ensuing court proceedings. When asked about the warrant during oral argument at the Supreme Court, the Cleveland prosecutor arguing the case cautiously deflected the question, which the court did not press. As the search of Mapp's second-floor, two-bedroom apartment began, police handcuffed her for being belligerent. The police searched the house thoroughly and discovered Ogletree, who was subsequently cleared on the bombing charge, hiding in", "Title: Mapp v. Ohio Content: equipment employed in the \"California Gold\" numbers operation set up by Mapp's boyfriend Edward Keeling. Three officers went to the home and asked for permission to enter, but Mapp, after consulting her lawyer by telephone, refused to admit them without a search warrant. Two officers left, and one remained, watching the house from across the street. Thirteen hours later, four cars full of police arrived and knocked on the door. When she didn't answer, they forced the door. Mapp asked to see the alleged warrant and was shown a piece of paper which she snatched away from an officer, putting", "Title: Schmerber v. California Content: In 1961, the Supreme Court of the United States relied upon \"Cahan\" to hold in \"Mapp v. Ohio\" that the exclusionary rule was incorporated to the states. On the night of November 12, 1964, Armando Schmerber and a passenger were driving home after drinking at a tavern and bowling alley in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California when their car skidded off the road and struck a tree. Schmerber and his companion were injured in the crash and taken to a hospital for treatment. When investigating police officers arrived at the hospital, they asked Schmerber to submit", "Title: Ohio v. American Express Co. Content: of business, and requiring them to raise prices to consumers. The DOJ's suit was joined by the states of Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio and Texas. Visa and MasterCard immediately settled with the DOJ without any fines, agreeing to remove the anti-steering language imposed on merchants. However, American Express defended its practice, and continued to fight the lawsuit. During the pre-trial period, additional states also joined the other plaintiffs, including Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, New Hampshire, Montana, Nebraska, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and Utah; Hawaii had also joined but later dismissed its claims before the trial. In February 2015, following" ]

[ "Dollree Mapp" ]

[ "Title: Kat Slater Content: Kat Slater Kathleen \"Kat\" Moon (also Slater) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Jessie Wallace. She was also played by Kate Peck in a flashback in 2001. Kat is the daughter of Viv Slater and Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), and arrived with her sisters Lynne Hobbs (Elaine Lordan) and Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth). Her daughter Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan) is initially believed to be her sister as well until Kat reveals she was raped by her uncle Harry Slater (Michael Elphick) as a child. She later marries Alfie Moon (Shane Richie). It is", "Title: Jessie Wallace Content: regularly took ketamine. Wallace admitted, at one point, taking drugs, but denied taking them since the birth of her daughter. Jessie Wallace Jessie Wallace (born Karen Jane Wallace; 25 September 1971) is an English actress and model. She is known for her role of Kat Slater in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", for which she won the National Television Awards for Most Popular Newcomer (2001) and also won the British Soap Awards Best Newcomer (2001) and Most Popular Actress (2003), and the British Soap Award for Best Actress (2011). She was nominated for the 2011 BAFTA TV Award for Best", "Title: Kat Slater Content: the surface.\" She said that Kat wants \"peace and to settle down with no more drama in her life.\" In the series, the character is called \"Kathleen\" by all characters except Alfie, who calls her \"Kat\". On 20 December 2017, it was announced Jessie Wallace would reprise her role as Kat in Spring 2018. Her return was masterminded by interim producer John Yorke, who created the Slaters in 2000, and Kat will return alongside her grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), and Jean Slater (Gillian Wright). Yorke commented: \"The Slaters are one of the all-time great families in \"EastEnders\" and Albert", "Title: Jessie Wallace Content: Jessie Wallace Jessie Wallace (born Karen Jane Wallace; 25 September 1971) is an English actress and model. She is known for her role of Kat Slater in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", for which she won the National Television Awards for Most Popular Newcomer (2001) and also won the British Soap Awards Best Newcomer (2001) and Most Popular Actress (2003), and the British Soap Award for Best Actress (2011). She was nominated for the 2011 BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Pat Phoenix in the BBC Four drama \"The Road to Coronation Street\" (2010). Wallace", "Title: Zoe Slater Content: Zoe Slater Zoe Slater is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Michelle Ryan. She made her first appearance on 18 September 2000. After much speculation, Ryan decided to leave the role of Zoe and left on 24 June 2005. Zoe arrives in Walford along with her father, Charlie (Derek Martin), sisters Kat (Jessie Wallace), Lynne (Elaine Lordan) and Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth), and grandmother Mo (Laila Morse). It later emerges that Zoe is in fact Kat's daughter, born after Kat was raped by her uncle Harry Slater (Michael Elphick), and was adopted by Kat's parents,", "Title: Slater family (EastEnders) Content: 2017. The only characters from \"EastEnders\" to feature in the series are Kat (credited as Kathleen), Alfie and Tommy. Treadwell-Collins, who created the series, explained that the decision was made not to include Bert and Ernie as he believed that Kat and Alfie would be restricted by their appearance. The role of Tommy was recast for the drama with child actor Henry Proctor taking over the role. The first episode of the series sees Kat's son revealed to be murderous Catholic priest Dermott Dolan (Oisín Stack). The series ends on a cliffhanger as it is not known whether Kat and", "Title: Kat Slater Content: Ronnie Branning (Samantha Womack) both give birth on the same day, but Ronnie's baby, James, dies and while Kat is in hospital and her baby, Tommy, is unattended, Ronnie swaps the infants. The storyline received over 6,000 complaints, making it the second most complained about \"EastEnders\" storyline. It was then decided to end the storyline earlier than originally planned. Wallace has won multiple awards for her portrayal of Kat. At the National Television Awards, she was named \"Most Popular Newcomer\" in 2001 and \"Most Popular Actress\" in 2003. Wallace was additionally nominated for the \"Best Actress\", \"Best Dramatic Performance\" and", "Title: Kat Slater Content: established Taylor family. Wallace has won multiple awards for her portrayal of Kat. At the National Television Awards, she was named \"Most Popular Newcomer\" in 2001 and \"Most Popular Actress\" in 2003. She also received \"Most Popular Actress\" nominations in 2002, 2004 and 2005. At The British Soap Awards, Wallace won \"Best Newcomer\" in 2001. The following year, \"EastEnders\" won \"Best Single Episode\" for the episode in which Zoe learns Kat is her mother. Wallace was additionally nominated for the \"Best Actress\", \"Best Dramatic Performance\" and \"Hero of the Year\" awards in 2002, and Zoe's maternity was nominated \"Best Storyline\".", "Title: Kat Slater Content: that Wallace was pregnant with her first child and that she would take maternity leave from \"EastEnders\" later in the year. Wallace was intended to depart in December, however a pregnancy scare meant that she was forced to stop filming in August, and scripts featuring Kat subsequently had to be re-written. She returned to filming in February 2005 and made her on-screen return in May. Wallace signed a six-month contract in a reported bid to boost the show's ratings. In July 2005, the BBC announced that Wallace had decided to leave \"EastEnders\" in a mutual decision with producers. A spokesperson", "Title: Slater family (EastEnders) Content: Slater family (EastEnders) The Slater family are a fictional family from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", that have appeared since episode 1997, first broadcast in September 2000. The family are introduced as a central family unit consisting of father Charlie Slater (Derek Martin), grandmother Mo Harris (Laila Morse), Charlie's daughters, Kat Slater (Jessie Wallace), Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan), Little Mo Morgan (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe Slater (Michelle Ryan), and Lynne's partner Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves). A fifth sister, Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey), was introduced a year later. The family were the eighth to be introduced in the soap's history, replacing" ]

[ "Lynne", "Zoe", "Little Mo" ]

[ "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: were cut from the Extended release. Sebastian Koch played the film's primary antagonist, Yuri Komarov, while Yuliya Snigir and Cole Hauser featured as secondary characters Irina and Collins. The cast was completed by actors Amaury Nolasco as a friend of McClane, Pasha D. Lychnikoff as a taxi driver, and Megalyn Echikunwoke, Anne Vyalitsyna, and Ivan Kamaras in smaller roles. Production began in Hungary in April 2012, with the capital Budapest standing in for Moscow. A military shooting range near Hajmáskér was used for shooting live ammunition, while vehicular stunts were shot at the Hungaroring, a Formula One racing circuit in", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: A Good Day to Die Hard A Good Day to Die Hard is a 2013 American action thriller film and the fifth installment in the \"Die Hard\" film series. The film was directed by John Moore and written by Skip Woods, and stars Bruce Willis as John McClane. The main plot finds McClane travelling to Russia to get his estranged son, Jack, an undercover CIA agent, out of prison. He is soon caught in the crossfire of a global terrorist plot. Alongside Willis, the film also stars Jai Courtney, Cole Hauser, Yuliya Snigir and Sebastian Koch. Talks of a fifth", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: be \"A Good Day to Die Hard\"—with no further mention of any involvement from the \"24\" series—with a release date of February 14, 2013. Bruce Willis returned as John McClane, and has expressed a desire to shoot \"A Good Day to Die Hard\" and a sixth installment in the series before retiring the character. When casting the role of Jack McClane, the studios considered several actors, including Liam Hemsworth and James Badge Dale, before ultimately settling on Australian actor Jai Courtney. Mary Elizabeth Winstead also appeared in the film, reprising her role as McClane's daughter Lucy. However all her scenes", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: attack. Father and son survive by leaping off the building into a large pool of water, as the helicopter crashes and explodes, killing Irina. In the end, the McClanes return home and reunite with Lucy on the tarmac. Additional cast members include CIA operatives: Cole Hauser as Mike Collins and Aldis Hodge as Lt. Foxy. Amaury Nolasco appears as Murphy, an NYPD detective and McClane Jr.'s friend. Pasha D. Lychnikoff has a brief role as a Russian cab driver. Roman Luknár makes an appearance as Anton, a business associate of Chagarin. Ganxsta Zolee makes a brief cameo as a MRAP", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: driver. Production was formally announced in 2010, with \"\" and \"The A-Team\" writer Skip Woods confirmed as the film's screenwriter. Noam Murro was originally attached to direct the film but left production to direct the \"300\" prequel, \"\". John Moore was subsequently drafted in to replace him. The film was originally titled \"\"Die Hard 24/7\"\". The media speculated that the film would be a crossover between the \"Die Hard\" and \"24\" series, with Kiefer Sutherland to reprise his role as Jack Bauer alongside John McClane. This was never confirmed by the studio, and the film's title was later revealed to", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: \"Die Hard\" film began before the release of the fourth installment, \"Live Free or Die Hard\", with Willis affirming that the latter would not be the last in the series, but pre-production did not start until September 2011, when John Moore was officially announced as the director. Filming began in April 2012, primarily in Budapest, Hungary. \"A Good Day to Die Hard\" premiered in London on January 31, 2013, coinciding with the unveiling of a \"Die Hard\" mural at the Fox Lot, and was released the United States on February 13, 2013. It is the first \"Die Hard\" film to", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: use Dolby Atmos Surround Mixing and the first to also be released in IMAX theaters. \"A Good Day to Die Hard\" was a box office success but received overwhelmingly negative reviews for its implausible action sequences, cinematography, weak plot, cliched script, and lack of characterization, although the special effects were praised. It is the first film produced by TSG Entertainment, since distributor 20th Century Fox's departure from Dune Entertainment upon the completion of their distribution contract at the end of 2012. In Moscow, Viktor Chagarin, a high-ranking, but corrupt, Russian official plans to incriminate former billionaire and government whistleblower Yuri", "Title: Die Hard Content: area with Argyle. Additional cast includes Hans's henchmen: Bruno Doyon as Franco, Andreas Wisniewski as Tony, Joey Plewa as Alexander, Lorenzo Caccialanza as Marco, Gerard Bonn as Kristoff, Dennis Hayden as Eddie, Al Leong as Uli, Gary Roberts as Heinrich, Hans Buhringer as Fritz, and Wilhelm von Homburg as James. Robert Davi and Grand L. Bush appear as FBI Special Agent Big Johnson and Agent Little Johnson, respectively, Tracy Reiner appears as Thornburg's assistant, and Taylor Fry and Noah Land make minor appearances as McClane's children Lucy McClane and John Jr. Produced by Lawrence Gordon and Joel Silver, the film", "Title: A Good Day to Die Hard Content: Anthony, Jon Kull, Dana Niu, Rossana Galante, Andrew Kinny. The orchestra was conducted by Pete Anthony. The score was programmed by Buck Sanders, with additional music composed by Marcus Trumpp and Brandon Roberts. On January 31, 2013, 20th Century Fox held a special tribute to the 25th anniversary of the \"Die Hard\" series by unveiling a mural of a scene from \"Die Hard\" (1988) on Sound Stage 8 of the Fox Lot. Afterward, the premiere screening of \"A Good Day to Die Hard\" was shown. Two additional premieres were held in Europe leading up to the film's commercial release: one", "Title: John Moore (director) Content: was involved in a dispute with the MPAA over the certification of his film \"Max Payne\". The MPAA initially gave the film an R rating, which Moore argued against. The film was reedited and the rating was a month later changed to PG-13, just before theatrical distribution. In late 2010, Moore was announced to be the director for the recent \"Die Hard\" film, \"A Good Day to Die Hard\". The film premiered worldwide on 14 February 2013. Moore was also considered to direct \"\" as well as \"Friday the 13th.\" Moore's brother, Éamonn, is a senior Public Health Physician and" ]

[ "Jai Courtney", "Bruce Willis", "Sergei Kolesnikov", "Sebastian Koch", "Yuliya Snigir", "Mary Elizabeth Winstead", "Radivoje Bukvić" ]

[ "Title: Uruguay River Content: Uruguay River The Uruguay River (, ; , ) is a river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of La Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, and Colonia in Uruguay. The river measures about", "Title: Uruguay Content: Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay (), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated /1e6 round 2 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, after Suriname. Uruguay was", "Title: Argentina–Uruguay border Content: Argentina–Uruguay border The Argentina–Uruguay border is a line of 579 km marked by the Uruguay River, and is the border between Argentina and Uruguay. It starts in a triple border Argentina-Uruguay-Brazil, at the mouth of the Quaraí River in the Uruguay. The course follows the Uruguay river, passing west of the Uruguayan departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Soriano and Colonia and the Argentine provinces of Corrientes, Entre Rios and Buenos Aires, until the confluence of the Uruguay and the Paraná rivers into the Rio de la Plata. The Uruguay River was always a physical limit that separated the", "Title: Geography of Uruguay Content: bordering the ocean, and south to the Río de la Plata. The Río Uruguay, which forms the border with Argentina, is flanked by low banks, and disastrous floods sometimes inundate large areas. The longest and most important of the rivers draining westward is the Río Negro, which crosses the entire country from northeast to west before emptying into the Río Uruguay. A dam on the Río Negro at Paso de los Toros has created a reservoir—the Embalse del Río Negro—that is the largest artificial lake in South America. The Río Negro's principal tributary and the country's second most important river", "Title: Uruguay Content: year. In 2014, Tabaré Vázquez was elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term, which began on 1 March 2015. With of continental land and of jurisdictional water and small river islands, Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (\"cuchillas\") with a fertile coastal lowland. Uruguay has of coastline. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins, or deltas: the Río de la Plata Basin, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Merín and", "Title: Geography of Uruguay Content: Geography of Uruguay Uruguay is a country in Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere on the Atlantic seaboard of South America between 53 and 58 west longitude and 30 and 35 south latitude. It is bordered to the west by Argentina, on the north and northeast by Brazil, and on the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, which makes up Uruguay’s coast. To the south, it fronts the Río de la Plata, a broad estuary that opens out into the South Atlantic. Montevideo, the capital and major port,", "Title: Uruguay Content: a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. Uruguay Uruguay (; ), officially the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay (), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated /1e6 round 2 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation", "Title: Uruguay River Content: Argentina and Uruguay. The drainage basin of the Uruguay River has an area of . Its main economic use is the generation of hydroelectricity and it is dammed in its lower portion by the Salto Grande Dam and by the Itá Dam upstream in Brazil. The name of the river comes from the Spanish settlers' interpretation of the Guaraní language word the inhabitants of the region used to designate it. There are several interpretations, including \"the river of the uru (an indigenous bird)\", and \"[river of] the uruguá\" (an indigenous gastropod, \"Pomella Megastoma\"). Argentina and Uruguay experienced a conflict over", "Title: Argentina–Uruguay border Content: August 1828. After the war, the Treaty of Montevideo, sovereign Republic of Uruguay was created. The current border was established at that time. The official name of Uruguay, Eastern Republic of Uruguay, says that the country is on the east side of the Uruguay River. Argentina–Uruguay border The Argentina–Uruguay border is a line of 579 km marked by the Uruguay River, and is the border between Argentina and Uruguay. It starts in a triple border Argentina-Uruguay-Brazil, at the mouth of the Quaraí River in the Uruguay. The course follows the Uruguay river, passing west of the Uruguayan departments of Artigas,", "Title: Geography of Uruguay Content: is the Yí River (Río Yí). The rivers flowing east to the Atlantic are generally shallower and have more variable flow than the other rivers. Many empty into lagoons in the coastal plain. The largest coastal lagoon, Laguna Merín, forms part of the border with Brazil. Six smaller lagoons, some freshwater and some brackish, line the coast farther south. Located entirely within the temperate zone, Uruguay has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification) that is fairly uniform nationwide. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare. As would be expected by its abundance" ]

[ "Bay of Montevideo" ]

[ "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: the Patriots' last hopes. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the Patriots by a score of 41–33. Nick Foles also was named Super Bowl MVP after the game. With this win, the Eagles finally won their first Super Bowl, and their first NFL title since 1960. A Super Bowl victory parade took place four days later on February 8. 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 85th season in the National Football League, the 15th playing their home games at Lincoln Financial Field, and the second under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles improved their 7–9 record", "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII. The Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots", "Title: Super Bowl LII Content: Super Bowl LII Super Bowl LII was an American football game played to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2017 season. The National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles defeated the American Football Conference (AFC) and defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots, 41–33, to win their first Super Bowl and their first NFL title since 1960. The game was played on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This was the second time that a Super Bowl was played in Minneapolis, the northernmost city to ever host the event, after", "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: as the rest of the game represented total domination from Nick Foles and the Eagles' offense, who racked up 456 total yards and 38 unanswered points. With a blowout win against one of the league's top defenses, the Eagles advanced to their third Super Bowl. The Philadelphia Eagles entered Super Bowl LII as a 5.5 point underdog to the defending champions; the New England Patriots. This was also their first appearance in 13 years, with their last Super Bowl berth happening in 2005 (Super Bowl XXXIX), which also happened to be against the New England Patriots. In the first quarter,", "Title: 2017 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl", "Title: History of the Philadelphia Eagles Content: first time since the 2004 season. The Eagles would face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots in a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX at Super Bowl LII. The Eagles would end up winning the game 41-33 to give the Eagles their first Super Bowl Championship and their first championship since the 1960 season before the NFL-AFL merger. Nick Foles would be named Super Bowl MVP. The Eagles came back from a successful 2017 season hoping to become the first repeat Super Bowl victors since the New England Patriots during their 2003 and 2004 season. Before the season started many", "Title: 2017 NFL season Content: 2017 NFL season The 2017 NFL season was the 98th season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42–27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season concluded with Super Bowl LII, where the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles faced the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots. The Philadelphia Eagles defeated the New England Patriots 41–33 to win their first title in franchise history. It was also a rematch of Super Bowl XXXIX,", "Title: Super Bowl XXXIX Content: Super Bowl XXXIX Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city. The Patriots, who entered the Super Bowl after compiling a 14–2 regular season record, became the first, and most recent (as of", "Title: 2018 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: 2018 Philadelphia Eagles season The National Football League 2018 Philadelphia Eagles season is the team's 86th season and their third under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles entered the season as the defending champions of Super Bowl LII, and opened the season with the NFL Kickoff Game on September 6, beating the Atlanta Falcons 18–12. A vast majority of their Super Bowl-winning squad from the 2017 season was retained, although some notable losses included tight end Trey Burton (who contributed to the Philly Special in the Super Bowl), defensive end Vinny Curry, and cornerback Patrick Robinson. Franchise quarterback Carson Wentz,", "Title: 2011 Philadelphia Eagles season Content: 2011 Philadelphia Eagles season The Philadelphia Eagles season was the 79th season for the team in the National Football League (NFL). The Eagles had high hopes of competing for a Super Bowl, with several notable offseason acquisitions; however, they ultimately failed to make the playoffs for the first time since 2007. However, they did win their last 4 games, in an attempt to pull out a miracle playoff berth, finishing 8–8, only 1 game behind the divisional winners and eventual Super Bowl champions, the New York Giants, and they swept the Dallas Cowboys and Washington Redskins for the first time" ]

[ "Super Bowl LII" ]

[ "Title: Tau Cross Content: is called the \"crux commissa\". This term was invented by Justus Lipsius (1547–1606), who used it to distinguish this T-shaped cross from the now more familiar †-shaped cross and the saltire X-shaped cross. Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint", "Title: Tau Cross Content: Tau Cross The tau cross is a T-shaped cross all three ends of which are sometimes expanded. It is so called because shaped like the Greek letter tau, which in its upper-case form has the same appearance as Latin and English T. Another name for the same object is Saint Anthony's cross or Saint Anthony cross, a name given to it because of its association with Saint Anthony of Egypt. It is also called a \"crux commissa\", one of the four basic types of iconographic representations of the cross. The Greek letter tau was used as a numeral for 300.", "Title: Crucifixion Content: was only one vertical stake, called in Latin \"crux simplex\". This was the simplest available construction for torturing and killing the condemned. Frequently, however, there was a cross-piece attached either at the top to give the shape of a T (\"crux commissa\") or just below the top, as in the form most familiar in Christian symbolism (\"crux immissa\"). The most ancient image of a Roman crucifixion depicts an individual on a T-shaped cross. It is a graffito found in a taberna (hostel for wayfarers) in Puteoli, dating to the time of Trajan or Hadrian (late 1st century to early 2nd", "Title: Cross Content: hieroglyph \"two crossed sticks\" (Gardiner Z9). According to W. E. Vine's \"Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words\", worshippers of Tammuz in Chaldea and thereabouts used the cross as symbol of that god. The shape of the cross (\"crux\", \"stauros\" \"stake, gibbet\"), as represented by the letter T, came to be used as a \"seal\" or symbol of Early Christianity by the 2nd century. Clement of Alexandria in the early 3rd century calls it (\"the Lord's sign\") he repeats the idea, current as early as the Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was", "Title: Cross Content: other, more complex, cruciform characters, consisting of an arrangement of boxes or the fourfold arrangement of other characters, including the archaic cuneiform characters LAK-210, LAK-276, LAK-278, LAK-617 and the classical sign EZEN (𒂡). Phoenician \"tāw\" is still cross-shaped in Paleo-Hebrew alphabet and in some Old Italic scripts (Raetic and Lepontic), and its descendant T becomes again cross-shaped in the Latin minuscule t. The plus sign (+) is derived from Latin t via a simplification of a ligature for \"et\" \"and\" (introduced by Johannes Widmann in the late 15th century). The letter Aleph is cross-shaped in Aramaic and paleo-Hebrew. Egyptian hieroglyphs", "Title: Cross Content: Cross A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two intersecting lines or bars, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of the Latin letter X, is also termed a saltire in heraldic terminology. The word \"cross\" is recorded in 10th-century Old English as \"cros\", exclusively for the instrument of Christ's crucifixion, replacing the native Old English word \"rood\". The word's history is complicated; it appears to have entered English from Old Irish, possibly via Old Norse, ultimately from the Latin \"crux\" (or its accusative \"crucem\" and", "Title: Cross Content: with cross-shapes include Gardiner Z9 – Z11 (\"crossed sticks\", \"crossed planks\"). Other, unrelated cross-shaped letters include Brahmi \"ka\" (predecessor of the Devanagari letter क) and Old Turkic (Orkhon) \"d²\" and Old Hungarian \"b\", and Katakana ナ \"na\" and メ\"me\". The multiplication sign (×), often attributed to William Oughtred (who first used it in an appendix to the 1618 edition of John Napier's \"Descriptio\") apparently had been in occasional use since the mid 16th century. Other typographical symbols resembling crosses include the dagger or \"obelus\" (†), the Chinese (十, Kangxi radical 24) and Roman () ten. Unicode has a variety of", "Title: Cross Content: (1888), Ansault (1891), etc. In the European Bronze Age the cross symbol appeared to carry a religious meaning, perhaps as a symbol of consecration, especially pertaining to burial. The cross sign occurs trivially in tally marks, and develops into a number symbol independently in the Roman numerals ( \"ten\"), the Chinese rod numerals (十 \"ten\") and the Brahmi numerals (\"four\", whence the numeral 4). In the Phoenician alphabet and derived scripts, the cross symbol represented the phoneme /t/, i.e. the letter taw, which is the historical predecessor of Latin T. The letter name \"taw\" means \"mark\", presumably continuing the Egyptian", "Title: Christian cross Content: Christian cross The Christian cross, seen as a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus, is the best-known symbol of Christianity. It is related to the crucifix (a cross that includes a \"corpus\", usually a three-dimensional representation of Jesus' body) and to the more general family of cross symbols, the term \"cross\" itself being detached from the original specifically Christian meaning in modern English (as in many other western languages). The basic forms of the cross are the Latin cross with unequal arms (✝) and the Greek cross (✚) with equal arms, besides numerous variants, partly with confessional", "Title: Cross Content: to the various composite kinds of cross (\"crux compacta\") made from more beams than one. The latter shapes include not only the traditional †-shaped cross (the \"crux immissa\"), but also the T-shaped cross (the \"crux commissa\" or Tau Cross), which the Early Christian descriptions of the execution cross indicate as the normal form in use at that time, and the X-shaped cross (the \"crux decussata\" or saltire). The Greek equivalent of Latin \"crux\" \"stake, gibbet\" is σταυρός \"stauros\", found in texts of four centuries or more before the gospels and always in the plural number to indicate a stake or" ]

[ "arm", "crossbar" ]