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Heard countersued Depp in August 2020, alleging that he had coordinated "a harassment campaign via Twitter and orchestrating online petitions in an effort to get her fired from Aquaman and L'Oreal".

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In October 2020, the judge in the case dismissed Depp's lawyer Adam Waldman after he leaked confidential information covered by a protective order to the media.

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Following the verdict in Depp's lawsuit against The Sun the next month, Heard's lawyers filed to have the defamation suit dismissed, but judge Penny Azcarate ruled against it because Heard had not been a defendant in the UK case.

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In August 2021, a New York judge ruled that the ACLU must disclose documents related to Heard's charity pledge to the organization.

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The trial in Depp v Heard started in Fairfax County, Virginia, on April 11, 2022.

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Depp has struggled with alcoholism and addiction for much of his life.

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He has stated that he began using drugs by taking his mother's "nerve pills" at the age of 11, was smoking at age 12 and by the age of 14 had used "every kind of drugs there were".

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In a 1997 interview, Depp acknowledged past abuse of alcohol during the filming of What's Eating Gilbert Grape?

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(1993).

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In a 2008 interview, Depp stated that he had "poisoned" himself with alcohol "for years".

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In 2013, Depp declared that he had stopped drinking alcohol, adding that he "pretty much got everything could get out of it"; Depp also said, "I investigated wine and spirits thoroughly, and they certainly investigated me as well, and we found out that we got along beautifully, but maybe too well".

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Regarding his breakup with longtime partner Vanessa Paradis, Depp said that he "definitely wasn't going to rely on the drink to ease things or cushion the blow or cushion the situation ...that could have been fatal".

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According to his ex-wife, Amber Heard, Depp "plunged into the depths of paranoia and violence after binging on drugs and alcohol" during their relationship between 2013 and 2016.

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In a 2018 Rolling Stone profile of Depp, reporter Stephen Rodrick wrote that he had used hashish in his presence and described him as "alternately hilarious, sly and incoherent"; Depp also said that the allegation made by his former business managers that he had spent US$30,000 per month on wine was "insulting" because he had spent "far more" than that amount.

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During his 2020 libel trial, Depp admitted to having been addicted to Roxicodone and alcohol as well as used other substances such as MDMA and cocaine during his relationship with Heard.

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Depp was arrested in Vancouver in 1989 for assaulting a security guard after the police were called to end a loud party at his hotel room.

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He was also arrested in New York City in 1994 after causing significant damage to his room at The Mark Hotel, where he was staying with Kate Moss, his girlfriend.

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The charges were dropped against him after he agreed to pay US$9,767 in damages.

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Depp was arrested again in 1999 for brawling with paparazzi outside a restaurant while dining in London with Paradis.

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In 2012, UC Irvine medical professor Robin Eckert sued Depp and three security firms, claiming to have been roughed up by his bodyguards at a concert in Los Angeles in 2011.

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During the incident, she was allegedly hand-cuffed and dragged 40 feet across the floor, resulting in injuries including a dislocated elbow.

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Depp's attorneys contended that Eckert provoked the alleged assault and therefore "consented to any assault and battery".

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Ekert's court papers stated that Depp, despite being his security guards' direct manager, did nothing to stop the attack.

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Before the case went to trial, Depp settled with Eckert for an undisclosed sum, according to TMZ.

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In April 2015, Depp's then-wife Amber Heard breached Australia's biosecurity laws when she failed to declare their two dogs to the customs when they flew to Queensland, where he was working on a film.

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Heard pleaded guilty to falsifying quarantine documents, stating that she had made a mistake due to sleep deprivation.

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She was placed on a $1,000 one-month good behavior bond for producing a false document;Heard and Depp also released a video in which they apologized for their behavior and urged people to adhere to the biosecurity laws.

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The Guardian called the case the "highest profile criminal quarantine case" in Australian history.

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In March 2016, Depp cut ties with his management company, The Management Group (TMG), and sued them in January 2017 for allegedly improperly managing his money and leaving him over $40 million in debt.

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TMG stated that Depp was responsible for his own fiscal mismanagement and countersued him for unpaid fees.

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In a related suit, Depp also sued his lawyers, Bloom Hergott, in January 2017.

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Both lawsuits were settled, the former in 2018 and the latter in 2019.

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In 2018, two of Depp's former bodyguards sued him for unpaid fees and unsafe working conditions.

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The suit was settled in 2019.

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Also in 2018, Depp was sued for allegedly hitting and verbally insulting a crew member while under the influence of alcohol on the set of City of Lies.

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In November 2016, Depp joined the campaign Imprisoned for Art to call for the release of Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov, who was being held in custody in Russia.

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At the Glastonbury Festival 2017, Depp, criticizing President Donald Trump, asked: "When was the last time an actor assassinated a president?

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I want to clarify: I'm not an actor.

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I lie for a living.

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However, it's been a while and maybe it's time".

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He added, "I'm not insinuating anything".

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The comment was interpreted as a reference to John Wilkes Booth, the actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln.

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Shawn Holtzclaw of the Secret Service told CNN they were aware of Depp's comment, but that "or security reasons, we cannot discuss specifically nor in general terms the means and methods of how we perform our protective responsibilities".

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Depp apologized shortly afterward, saying the remark "did not come out as intended, and I intended no malice".

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Music on hold (MOH) is the business practice of playing recorded music to fill the silence that would be heard by telephone callers who have been placed on hold.

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It is especially common in situations involving customer service.

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Music on hold is sometimes referred to as phone on hold, message on hold, on hold messaging, or hold music.

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Music on hold was created by Alfred Levy, an inventor, factory owner, and entrepreneur.

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In 1962, Levy discovered a problem with the phone lines at his factory: a loose wire was touching a metal girder on the building.

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This made the building a giant receiver, so that the audio broadcast signal from a radio station next door would transmit through the loose wire, and could be heard when calls were put on hold.

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Levy patented his work in 1966.

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While other advancements have come to change and enhance the technology, it was this initial patent creation that began the evolution for today's music on hold.

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Most MOH systems are integrated into a telephone system designed for businesses via an audio jack on the telephone equipment labeled "MOH".

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There are also some units with built-in message on hold capabilities and units designed for small businesses without an extensive phone system.

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Today, equipment that supports physical media usually plays CDs.

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Some older systems may still use cassette tapes (sometimes employing endless-loops), or reel-to-reel tape players.

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In each case, the unit loads the media into a digital memory chip to prevent premature wearing of the mechanical parts.

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Equipment that supports virtual media generally plays MP3 files.

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Several types of units play these files.

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USB flash drive units allow an MP3 file to be received electronically, downloaded to a flash drive and connected to the player.

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Ethernet based remote load units connect via the network to a remote IP address.

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Phone line based remote load systems allow for a connection via an analog telephone line and dialing the number belonging to the unit.

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For VoIP phone systems, MP3s are loaded without any equipment.

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Newer technology allows MP3 files to be downloaded automatically from the internet so that messages (or interesting content in the form of news and weather, amongst many) can be changed daily.

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The new "online on hold" technology makes the older technology redundant since it requires no additional hardware.

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All these systems allow analog-to-digital audio storage and playback.

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As of 2011, technology allows productions to be downloaded or streamed via the Internet, or played through a USB flash drive.

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Modern wireless telephony relies on lossy audio codecs optimized for spoken voice transmissions, which dramatically reduces the necessary bandwidth at the expense of making any non-spoken content, such as music on hold, sound distorted.

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A number of studies have been conducted, which highlight consumer perceptions of music on hold, reinforcing its use by businesses to improve standards of call handling.

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A survey of more than 2,000 UK consumers commissioned by audio branding specialist PHMG revealed 70% of consumers are put on hold for more than 50% of their calls.

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When put on hold, 73% of callers want to hear something other than beeps or silence.

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A CNN survey found that 70 percent of callers in the United States who hold the line in silence hang up within 60 seconds.

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Meanwhile, research by North American Telecom found callers hearing music on hold will stay on the line 30 seconds longer than callers experiencing silence.

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The musical source may be as simple as playing a local radio station through the MOH jack.

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This is unlawful without the express permission of the music title and mechanical copyright holders, or their representatives.

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Owners of radio stations will usually air their broadcast signal as music on hold, using their main program signal, if there are several.

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Examples include RÚV from Iceland using Rás 1 as the on-hold music.

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Commercial CDs eliminate the problems encountered with radio commercials, and they offer control over the selection of music; they do not, however, grant proper license for MOH use unless users first obtain permission from the song title copyright owner (when the song is not in the "public domain") and the mechanical copyright owner, or bodies that represent them, such as BMI or ASCAP.

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(See "Radio," above, for more details.)

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CDs are available that have been specifically recorded and licensed for MOH systems.

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These may contain only music, or may include periodic voice-overs with messages such as "Your call is important" or "Please stay on the line".

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Such off-the-shelf recordings may be generic or may be specific to individual industries, but will not be customized for individual companies.

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In general, custom music on hold is advised to: CDs (or other MOH formats, such as MP3 files) can be custom-created to suit the particular needs of a business.

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The announcements can be scripted to emphasize particular attributes of the business such as location, store hours, or special promotions or services.

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These are typically used for up-selling and cross-selling callers.

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Companies can either record the messages themselves, or hire a music on hold production company.

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A program loaded onto an existing computer and connected to the phone system can allow automatic content updates interspersed with company information.

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Streaming MOH refers to a live music on hold stream (URL-based delivery) which can also include custom content.

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Streaming MOH can also refer to a streaming media server, as with Cisco Unified Call Manager, in which case RTP format is utilized.

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Programs available to non-profit organizations at no cost.

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Very few companies offer absolutely free programs.

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The programs are available in generic and custom formats, and are delivered at no cost to the requesting organization.

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The style of music played by MOH systems depends largely on the type of business offering the service.

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It is generally best to present music that will not be offensive to the audience, but that would also be of particular interest to the typical caller.

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A western apparel store may choose to play country music.

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A Christian book store may choose to play popular Christian music.

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A university may choose to play classical music.

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An athletic ticket office may choose to play the team or school's fight song.

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Light classics, smooth jazz, bossa nova and beautiful music are common choices, as is fully synthesized melodic music.

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