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Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "container/list" "fmt" ) type BinaryTree struct { node int leftSubTree *BinaryTree rightSubTree *BinaryTree } func (bt *BinaryTree) insert(item int) { if bt.node == 0 { bt.node = item bt.leftSubTree = &BinaryTree{} bt.rightSubTree = &BinaryTree{} } else if item < bt.node { bt.leftSubTree.insert(item) } else { bt.rightSubTree.insert(item) } } func (bt *BinaryTree) inOrder(ll *list.List) { if bt.node == 0 { return } bt.leftSubTree.inOrder(ll) ll.PushBack(bt.node) bt.rightSubTree.inOrder(ll) } func treeSort(ll *list.List) *list.List { searchTree := &BinaryTree{} for e := ll.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() { i := e.Value.(int) searchTree.insert(i) } ll2 := list.New() searchTree.inOrder(ll2) return ll2 } func printLinkedList(ll *list.List, f string, sorted bool) { for e := ll.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() { i := e.Value.(int) fmt.Printf(f+" ", i) } if !sorted { fmt.Print("-> ") } else { fmt.Println() } } func main() { sl := []int{5, 3, 7, 9, 1} ll := list.New() for _, i := range sl { ll.PushBack(i) } printLinkedList(ll, "%d", false) lls := treeSort(ll) printLinkedList(lls, "%d", true) sl2 := []int{'d', 'c', 'e', 'b', 'a'} ll2 := list.New() for _, c := range sl2 { ll2.PushBack(c) } printLinkedList(ll2, "%c", false) lls2 := treeSort(ll2) printLinkedList(lls2, "%c", true) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } typedef struct node_tag { int item; struct node_tag* prev; struct node_tag* next; } node_t; void list_initialize(node_t* list) { list->prev = list; list->next = list; } void list_destroy(node_t* list) { node_t* n = list->next; while (n != list) { node_t* tmp = n->next; free(n); n = tmp; } } void list_append_node(node_t* list, node_t* node) { node_t* prev = list->prev; prev->next = node; list->prev = node; node->prev = prev; node->next = list; } void list_append_item(node_t* list, int item) { node_t* node = xmalloc(sizeof(node_t)); node->item = item; list_append_node(list, node); } void list_print(node_t* list) { printf("["); node_t* n = list->next; if (n != list) { printf("%d", n->item); n = n->next; } for (; n != list; n = n->next) printf(", %d", n->item); printf("]\n"); } void tree_insert(node_t** p, node_t* n) { while (*p != NULL) { if (n->item < (*p)->item) p = &(*p)->prev; else p = &(*p)->next; } *p = n; } void tree_to_list(node_t* list, node_t* node) { if (node == NULL) return; node_t* prev = node->prev; node_t* next = node->next; tree_to_list(list, prev); list_append_node(list, node); tree_to_list(list, next); } void tree_sort(node_t* list) { node_t* n = list->next; if (n == list) return; node_t* root = NULL; while (n != list) { node_t* next = n->next; n->next = n->prev = NULL; tree_insert(&root, n); n = next; } list_initialize(list); tree_to_list(list, root); } int main() { srand(time(0)); node_t list; list_initialize(&list); for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) list_append_item(&list, rand() % 100); printf("before sort: "); list_print(&list); tree_sort(&list); printf(" after sort: "); list_print(&list); list_destroy(&list); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" ) func main() { limit := 999999 primes := rcu.Primes(limit) fmt.Println("Adjacent primes under 1,000,000 whose difference is a square > 36:") for i := 1; i < len(primes); i++ { diff := primes[i] - primes[i-1] if diff > 36 { s := int(math.Sqrt(float64(diff))) if diff == s*s { cp1 := rcu.Commatize(primes[i]) cp2 := rcu.Commatize(primes[i-1]) fmt.Printf("%7s - %7s = %3d = %2d x %2d\n", cp1, cp2, diff, s, s) } } } }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int isprime( int p ) { int i; if(p==2) return 1; if(!(p%2)) return 0; for(i=3; i*i<=p; i+=2) { if(!(p%i)) return 0; } return 1; } int nextprime( int p ) { int i=0; if(p==0) return 2; if(p<3) return p+1; while(!isprime(++i + p)); return i+p; } int issquare( int p ) { int i; for(i=0;i*i<p;i++); return i*i==p; } int main(void) { int i=3, j=2; for(i=3;j<=1000000;i=j) { j=nextprime(i); if(j-i>36&&issquare(j-i)) printf( "%d %d %d\n", i, j, j-i ); } return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" ) func main() { limit := 999999 primes := rcu.Primes(limit) fmt.Println("Adjacent primes under 1,000,000 whose difference is a square > 36:") for i := 1; i < len(primes); i++ { diff := primes[i] - primes[i-1] if diff > 36 { s := int(math.Sqrt(float64(diff))) if diff == s*s { cp1 := rcu.Commatize(primes[i]) cp2 := rcu.Commatize(primes[i-1]) fmt.Printf("%7s - %7s = %3d = %2d x %2d\n", cp1, cp2, diff, s, s) } } } }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int isprime( int p ) { int i; if(p==2) return 1; if(!(p%2)) return 0; for(i=3; i*i<=p; i+=2) { if(!(p%i)) return 0; } return 1; } int nextprime( int p ) { int i=0; if(p==0) return 2; if(p<3) return p+1; while(!isprime(++i + p)); return i+p; } int issquare( int p ) { int i; for(i=0;i*i<p;i++); return i*i==p; } int main(void) { int i=3, j=2; for(i=3;j<=1000000;i=j) { j=nextprime(i); if(j-i>36&&issquare(j-i)) printf( "%d %d %d\n", i, j, j-i ); } return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
import ( "fmt" "os" ) if err := os.Truncate("filename", newSize); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) }
#include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <wchar.h> void oops(const wchar_t *message) { wchar_t *buf; DWORD error; buf = NULL; error = GetLastError(); FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, NULL, error, 0, (wchar_t *)&buf, 0, NULL); if (buf) { fwprintf(stderr, L"%ls: %ls", message, buf); LocalFree(buf); } else { fwprintf(stderr, L"%ls: unknown error 0x%x\n", message, error); } } int dotruncate(wchar_t *fn, LARGE_INTEGER fp) { HANDLE fh; fh = CreateFileW(fn, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { oops(fn); return 1; } if (SetFilePointerEx(fh, fp, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == 0 || SetEndOfFile(fh) == 0) { oops(fn); CloseHandle(fh); return 1; } CloseHandle(fh); return 0; } int main() { LARGE_INTEGER fp; int argc; wchar_t **argv, *fn, junk[2]; argv = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &argc); if (argv == NULL) { oops(L"CommandLineToArgvW"); return 1; } if (argc != 3) { fwprintf(stderr, L"usage: %ls filename length\n", argv[0]); return 1; } fn = argv[1]; if (swscanf(argv[2], L"%lld%1ls", &fp.QuadPart, &junk) != 1) { fwprintf(stderr, L"%ls: not a number\n", argv[2]); return 1; } return dotruncate(fn, fp); }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
import ( "fmt" "os" ) if err := os.Truncate("filename", newSize); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) }
#include <windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <wchar.h> void oops(const wchar_t *message) { wchar_t *buf; DWORD error; buf = NULL; error = GetLastError(); FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, NULL, error, 0, (wchar_t *)&buf, 0, NULL); if (buf) { fwprintf(stderr, L"%ls: %ls", message, buf); LocalFree(buf); } else { fwprintf(stderr, L"%ls: unknown error 0x%x\n", message, error); } } int dotruncate(wchar_t *fn, LARGE_INTEGER fp) { HANDLE fh; fh = CreateFileW(fn, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL); if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { oops(fn); return 1; } if (SetFilePointerEx(fh, fp, NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == 0 || SetEndOfFile(fh) == 0) { oops(fn); CloseHandle(fh); return 1; } CloseHandle(fh); return 0; } int main() { LARGE_INTEGER fp; int argc; wchar_t **argv, *fn, junk[2]; argv = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &argc); if (argv == NULL) { oops(L"CommandLineToArgvW"); return 1; } if (argc != 3) { fwprintf(stderr, L"usage: %ls filename length\n", argv[0]); return 1; } fn = argv[1]; if (swscanf(argv[2], L"%lld%1ls", &fp.QuadPart, &junk) != 1) { fwprintf(stderr, L"%ls: not a number\n", argv[2]); return 1; } return dotruncate(fn, fp); }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os/exec" "time" ) func main() { out, err := exec.Command("xrandr", "-q").Output() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(string(out)) time.Sleep(3 * time.Second) err = exec.Command("xrandr", "-s", "1024x768").Run() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } time.Sleep(3 * time.Second) err = exec.Command("xrandr", "-s", "1366x768").Run() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "wren.h" void C_xrandr(WrenVM* vm) { const char *arg = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(arg) + 8]; strcpy(command, "xrandr "); strcat(command, arg); system(command); } void C_usleep(WrenVM* vm) { useconds_t usec = (useconds_t)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); usleep(usec); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "xrandr(_)") == 0) return C_xrandr; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "usleep(_)") == 0) return C_usleep; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "video_display_modes.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os/exec" "time" ) func main() { out, err := exec.Command("xrandr", "-q").Output() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } fmt.Println(string(out)) time.Sleep(3 * time.Second) err = exec.Command("xrandr", "-s", "1024x768").Run() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } time.Sleep(3 * time.Second) err = exec.Command("xrandr", "-s", "1366x768").Run() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "wren.h" void C_xrandr(WrenVM* vm) { const char *arg = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(arg) + 8]; strcpy(command, "xrandr "); strcat(command, arg); system(command); } void C_usleep(WrenVM* vm) { useconds_t usec = (useconds_t)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); usleep(usec); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "xrandr(_)") == 0) return C_xrandr; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "usleep(_)") == 0) return C_usleep; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "video_display_modes.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import ( "log" gc "code.google.com/p/goncurses" ) func main() { _, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init:", err) } defer gc.End() gc.FlushInput() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { char text[256]; getchar(); fseek(stdin, 0, SEEK_END); fgets(text, sizeof(text), stdin); puts(text); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type F = func(float64) float64 func quadSimpsonsMem(f F, a, fa, b, fb float64) (m, fm, simp float64) { m = (a + b) / 2 fm = f(m) simp = math.Abs(b-a) / 6 * (fa + 4*fm + fb) return } func quadAsrRec(f F, a, fa, b, fb, eps, whole, m, fm float64) float64 { lm, flm, left := quadSimpsonsMem(f, a, fa, m, fm) rm, frm, right := quadSimpsonsMem(f, m, fm, b, fb) delta := left + right - whole if math.Abs(delta) <= eps*15 { return left + right + delta/15 } return quadAsrRec(f, a, fa, m, fm, eps/2, left, lm, flm) + quadAsrRec(f, m, fm, b, fb, eps/2, right, rm, frm) } func quadAsr(f F, a, b, eps float64) float64 { fa, fb := f(a), f(b) m, fm, whole := quadSimpsonsMem(f, a, fa, b, fb) return quadAsrRec(f, a, fa, b, fb, eps, whole, m, fm) } func main() { a, b := 0.0, 1.0 sinx := quadAsr(math.Sin, a, b, 1e-09) fmt.Printf("Simpson's integration of sine from %g to %g = %f\n", a, b, sinx) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> typedef struct { double m; double fm; double simp; } triple; triple _quad_simpsons_mem(double (*f)(double), double a, double fa, double b, double fb) { double m = (a + b) / 2; double fm = f(m); double simp = fabs(b - a) / 6 * (fa + 4*fm + fb); triple t = {m, fm, simp}; return t; } double _quad_asr(double (*f)(double), double a, double fa, double b, double fb, double eps, double whole, double m, double fm) { triple lt = _quad_simpsons_mem(f, a, fa, m, fm); triple rt = _quad_simpsons_mem(f, m, fm, b, fb); double delta = lt.simp + rt.simp - whole; if (fabs(delta) <= eps * 15) return lt.simp + rt.simp + delta/15; return _quad_asr(f, a, fa, m, fm, eps/2, lt.simp, lt.m, lt.fm) + _quad_asr(f, m, fm, b, fb, eps/2, rt.simp, rt.m, rt.fm); } double quad_asr(double (*f)(double), double a, double b, double eps) { double fa = f(a); double fb = f(b); triple t = _quad_simpsons_mem(f, a, fa, b, fb); return _quad_asr(f, a, fa, b, fb, eps, t.simp, t.m, t.fm); } int main(){ double a = 0.0, b = 1.0; double sinx = quad_asr(sin, a, b, 1e-09); printf("Simpson's integration of sine from %g to %g = %f\n", a, b, sinx); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) type F = func(float64) float64 func quadSimpsonsMem(f F, a, fa, b, fb float64) (m, fm, simp float64) { m = (a + b) / 2 fm = f(m) simp = math.Abs(b-a) / 6 * (fa + 4*fm + fb) return } func quadAsrRec(f F, a, fa, b, fb, eps, whole, m, fm float64) float64 { lm, flm, left := quadSimpsonsMem(f, a, fa, m, fm) rm, frm, right := quadSimpsonsMem(f, m, fm, b, fb) delta := left + right - whole if math.Abs(delta) <= eps*15 { return left + right + delta/15 } return quadAsrRec(f, a, fa, m, fm, eps/2, left, lm, flm) + quadAsrRec(f, m, fm, b, fb, eps/2, right, rm, frm) } func quadAsr(f F, a, b, eps float64) float64 { fa, fb := f(a), f(b) m, fm, whole := quadSimpsonsMem(f, a, fa, b, fb) return quadAsrRec(f, a, fa, b, fb, eps, whole, m, fm) } func main() { a, b := 0.0, 1.0 sinx := quadAsr(math.Sin, a, b, 1e-09) fmt.Printf("Simpson's integration of sine from %g to %g = %f\n", a, b, sinx) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> typedef struct { double m; double fm; double simp; } triple; triple _quad_simpsons_mem(double (*f)(double), double a, double fa, double b, double fb) { double m = (a + b) / 2; double fm = f(m); double simp = fabs(b - a) / 6 * (fa + 4*fm + fb); triple t = {m, fm, simp}; return t; } double _quad_asr(double (*f)(double), double a, double fa, double b, double fb, double eps, double whole, double m, double fm) { triple lt = _quad_simpsons_mem(f, a, fa, m, fm); triple rt = _quad_simpsons_mem(f, m, fm, b, fb); double delta = lt.simp + rt.simp - whole; if (fabs(delta) <= eps * 15) return lt.simp + rt.simp + delta/15; return _quad_asr(f, a, fa, m, fm, eps/2, lt.simp, lt.m, lt.fm) + _quad_asr(f, m, fm, b, fb, eps/2, rt.simp, rt.m, rt.fm); } double quad_asr(double (*f)(double), double a, double b, double eps) { double fa = f(a); double fb = f(b); triple t = _quad_simpsons_mem(f, a, fa, b, fb); return _quad_asr(f, a, fa, b, fb, eps, t.simp, t.m, t.fm); } int main(){ double a = 0.0, b = 1.0; double sinx = quad_asr(sin, a, b, 1e-09); printf("Simpson's integration of sine from %g to %g = %f\n", a, b, sinx); return 0; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" ) func main() { f, err := os.Open("rc.fasta") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } defer f.Close() s := bufio.NewScanner(f) headerFound := false for s.Scan() { line := s.Text() switch { case line == "": continue case line[0] != '>': if !headerFound { fmt.Println("missing header") return } fmt.Print(line) case headerFound: fmt.Println() fallthrough default: fmt.Printf("%s: ", line[1:]) headerFound = true } } if headerFound { fmt.Println() } if err := s.Err(); err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> void main() { FILE * fp; char * line = NULL; size_t len = 0; ssize_t read; fp = fopen("fasta.txt", "r"); if (fp == NULL) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); int state = 0; while ((read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1) { if (line[read - 1] == '\n') line[read - 1] = 0; if (line[0] == '>') { if (state == 1) printf("\n"); printf("%s: ", line+1); state = 1; } else { printf("%s", line); } } printf("\n"); fclose(fp); if (line) free(line); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import "fmt" func isPrime(n int) bool { switch { case n < 2: return false case n%2 == 0: return n == 2 case n%3 == 0: return n == 3 default: d := 5 for d*d <= n { if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 2 if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 4 } return true } } func main() { count := 0 fmt.Println("Cousin prime pairs whose elements are less than 1,000:") for i := 3; i <= 995; i += 2 { if isPrime(i) && isPrime(i+4) { fmt.Printf("%3d:%3d ", i, i+4) count++ if count%7 == 0 { fmt.Println() } if i != 3 { i += 4 } else { i += 2 } } } fmt.Printf("\n\n%d pairs found\n", count) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define LIMIT 1000 void sieve(int max, char *s) { int p, k; memset(s, 0, max); for (p=2; p*p<=max; p++) if (!s[p]) for (k=p*p; k<=max; k+=p) s[k]=1; } int main(void) { char primes[LIMIT+1]; int p, count=0; sieve(LIMIT, primes); for (p=2; p<=LIMIT; p++) { if (!primes[p] && !primes[p+4]) { count++; printf("%4d: %4d\n", p, p+4); } } printf("There are %d cousin prime pairs below %d.\n", count, LIMIT); return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import "fmt" func isPrime(n int) bool { switch { case n < 2: return false case n%2 == 0: return n == 2 case n%3 == 0: return n == 3 default: d := 5 for d*d <= n { if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 2 if n%d == 0 { return false } d += 4 } return true } } func main() { count := 0 fmt.Println("Cousin prime pairs whose elements are less than 1,000:") for i := 3; i <= 995; i += 2 { if isPrime(i) && isPrime(i+4) { fmt.Printf("%3d:%3d ", i, i+4) count++ if count%7 == 0 { fmt.Println() } if i != 3 { i += 4 } else { i += 2 } } } fmt.Printf("\n\n%d pairs found\n", count) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #define LIMIT 1000 void sieve(int max, char *s) { int p, k; memset(s, 0, max); for (p=2; p*p<=max; p++) if (!s[p]) for (k=p*p; k<=max; k+=p) s[k]=1; } int main(void) { char primes[LIMIT+1]; int p, count=0; sieve(LIMIT, primes); for (p=2; p<=LIMIT; p++) { if (!primes[p] && !primes[p+4]) { count++; printf("%4d: %4d\n", p, p+4); } } printf("There are %d cousin prime pairs below %d.\n", count, LIMIT); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "time" ) func isPalindrome2(n uint64) bool { x := uint64(0) if (n & 1) == 0 { return n == 0 } for x < n { x = (x << 1) | (n & 1) n >>= 1 } return n == x || n == (x>>1) } func reverse3(n uint64) uint64 { x := uint64(0) for n != 0 { x = x*3 + (n % 3) n /= 3 } return x } func show(n uint64) { fmt.Println("Decimal :", n) fmt.Println("Binary  :", strconv.FormatUint(n, 2)) fmt.Println("Ternary :", strconv.FormatUint(n, 3)) fmt.Println("Time  :", time.Since(start)) fmt.Println() } func min(a, b uint64) uint64 { if a < b { return a } return b } func max(a, b uint64) uint64 { if a > b { return a } return b } var start time.Time func main() { start = time.Now() fmt.Println("The first 7 numbers which are palindromic in both binary and ternary are :\n") show(0) cnt := 1 var lo, hi, pow2, pow3 uint64 = 0, 1, 1, 1 for { i := lo for ; i < hi; i++ { n := (i*3+1)*pow3 + reverse3(i) if !isPalindrome2(n) { continue } show(n) cnt++ if cnt >= 7 { return } } if i == pow3 { pow3 *= 3 } else { pow2 *= 4 } for { for pow2 <= pow3 { pow2 *= 4 } lo2 := (pow2/pow3 - 1) / 3 hi2 := (pow2*2/pow3-1)/3 + 1 lo3 := pow3 / 3 hi3 := pow3 if lo2 >= hi3 { pow3 *= 3 } else if lo3 >= hi2 { pow2 *= 4 } else { lo = max(lo2, lo3) hi = min(hi2, hi3) break } } } }
#include <stdio.h> typedef unsigned long long xint; int is_palin2(xint n) { xint x = 0; if (!(n&1)) return !n; while (x < n) x = x<<1 | (n&1), n >>= 1; return n == x || n == x>>1; } xint reverse3(xint n) { xint x = 0; while (n) x = x*3 + (n%3), n /= 3; return x; } void print(xint n, xint base) { putchar(' '); do { putchar('0' + (n%base)), n /= base; } while(n); printf("(%lld)", base); } void show(xint n) { printf("%llu", n); print(n, 2); print(n, 3); putchar('\n'); } xint min(xint a, xint b) { return a < b ? a : b; } xint max(xint a, xint b) { return a > b ? a : b; } int main(void) { xint lo, hi, lo2, hi2, lo3, hi3, pow2, pow3, i, n; int cnt; show(0); cnt = 1; lo = 0; hi = pow2 = pow3 = 1; while (1) { for (i = lo; i < hi; i++) { n = (i * 3 + 1) * pow3 + reverse3(i); if (!is_palin2(n)) continue; show(n); if (++cnt >= 7) return 0; } if (i == pow3) pow3 *= 3; else pow2 *= 4; while (1) { while (pow2 <= pow3) pow2 *= 4; lo2 = (pow2 / pow3 - 1) / 3; hi2 = (pow2 * 2 / pow3 - 1) / 3 + 1; lo3 = pow3 / 3; hi3 = pow3; if (lo2 >= hi3) pow3 *= 3; else if (lo3 >= hi2) pow2 *= 4; else { lo = max(lo2, lo3); hi = min(hi2, hi3); break; } } } return 0; }
Write a version of this Go function in C with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" "time" ) func isPalindrome2(n uint64) bool { x := uint64(0) if (n & 1) == 0 { return n == 0 } for x < n { x = (x << 1) | (n & 1) n >>= 1 } return n == x || n == (x>>1) } func reverse3(n uint64) uint64 { x := uint64(0) for n != 0 { x = x*3 + (n % 3) n /= 3 } return x } func show(n uint64) { fmt.Println("Decimal :", n) fmt.Println("Binary  :", strconv.FormatUint(n, 2)) fmt.Println("Ternary :", strconv.FormatUint(n, 3)) fmt.Println("Time  :", time.Since(start)) fmt.Println() } func min(a, b uint64) uint64 { if a < b { return a } return b } func max(a, b uint64) uint64 { if a > b { return a } return b } var start time.Time func main() { start = time.Now() fmt.Println("The first 7 numbers which are palindromic in both binary and ternary are :\n") show(0) cnt := 1 var lo, hi, pow2, pow3 uint64 = 0, 1, 1, 1 for { i := lo for ; i < hi; i++ { n := (i*3+1)*pow3 + reverse3(i) if !isPalindrome2(n) { continue } show(n) cnt++ if cnt >= 7 { return } } if i == pow3 { pow3 *= 3 } else { pow2 *= 4 } for { for pow2 <= pow3 { pow2 *= 4 } lo2 := (pow2/pow3 - 1) / 3 hi2 := (pow2*2/pow3-1)/3 + 1 lo3 := pow3 / 3 hi3 := pow3 if lo2 >= hi3 { pow3 *= 3 } else if lo3 >= hi2 { pow2 *= 4 } else { lo = max(lo2, lo3) hi = min(hi2, hi3) break } } } }
#include <stdio.h> typedef unsigned long long xint; int is_palin2(xint n) { xint x = 0; if (!(n&1)) return !n; while (x < n) x = x<<1 | (n&1), n >>= 1; return n == x || n == x>>1; } xint reverse3(xint n) { xint x = 0; while (n) x = x*3 + (n%3), n /= 3; return x; } void print(xint n, xint base) { putchar(' '); do { putchar('0' + (n%base)), n /= base; } while(n); printf("(%lld)", base); } void show(xint n) { printf("%llu", n); print(n, 2); print(n, 3); putchar('\n'); } xint min(xint a, xint b) { return a < b ? a : b; } xint max(xint a, xint b) { return a > b ? a : b; } int main(void) { xint lo, hi, lo2, hi2, lo3, hi3, pow2, pow3, i, n; int cnt; show(0); cnt = 1; lo = 0; hi = pow2 = pow3 = 1; while (1) { for (i = lo; i < hi; i++) { n = (i * 3 + 1) * pow3 + reverse3(i); if (!is_palin2(n)) continue; show(n); if (++cnt >= 7) return 0; } if (i == pow3) pow3 *= 3; else pow2 *= 4; while (1) { while (pow2 <= pow3) pow2 *= 4; lo2 = (pow2 / pow3 - 1) / 3; hi2 = (pow2 * 2 / pow3 - 1) / 3 + 1; lo3 = pow3 / 3; hi3 = pow3; if (lo2 >= hi3) pow3 *= 3; else if (lo3 >= hi2) pow2 *= 4; else { lo = max(lo2, lo3); hi = min(hi2, hi3); break; } } } return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import ( "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/terminal" "fmt" "os" ) func main() { if terminal.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) { fmt.Println("Hello terminal") } else { fmt.Println("Who are you? You're not a terminal.") } }
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { puts(isatty(fileno(stdin)) ? "stdin is tty" : "stdin is not tty"); return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/terminal" "fmt" "os" ) func main() { if terminal.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd())) { fmt.Println("Hello terminal") } else { fmt.Println("Who are you? You're not a terminal.") } }
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { puts(isatty(fileno(stdin)) ? "stdin is tty" : "stdin is not tty"); return 0; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import ( "log" "github.com/jezek/xgb" "github.com/jezek/xgb/xproto" ) func main() { X, err := xgb.NewConn() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } points := []xproto.Point{ {10, 10}, {10, 20}, {20, 10}, {20, 20}}; polyline := []xproto.Point{ {50, 10}, { 5, 20}, {25,-20}, {10, 10}}; segments := []xproto.Segment{ {100, 10, 140, 30}, {110, 25, 130, 60}}; rectangles := []xproto.Rectangle{ { 10, 50, 40, 20}, { 80, 50, 10, 40}}; arcs := []xproto.Arc{ {10, 100, 60, 40, 0, 90 << 6}, {90, 100, 55, 40, 0, 270 << 6}}; setup := xproto.Setup(X) screen := setup.DefaultScreen(X) foreground, _ := xproto.NewGcontextId(X) mask := uint32(xproto.GcForeground | xproto.GcGraphicsExposures) values := []uint32{screen.BlackPixel, 0} xproto.CreateGC(X, foreground, xproto.Drawable(screen.Root), mask, values) win, _ := xproto.NewWindowId(X) winDrawable := xproto.Drawable(win) mask = uint32(xproto.CwBackPixel | xproto.CwEventMask) values = []uint32{screen.WhitePixel, xproto.EventMaskExposure} xproto.CreateWindow(X, screen.RootDepth, win, screen.Root, 0, 0, 150, 150, 10, xproto.WindowClassInputOutput, screen.RootVisual, mask, values) xproto.MapWindow(X, win) for { evt, err := X.WaitForEvent() switch evt.(type) { case xproto.ExposeEvent: xproto.PolyPoint(X, xproto.CoordModeOrigin, winDrawable, foreground, points) xproto.PolyLine(X, xproto.CoordModePrevious, winDrawable, foreground, polyline) xproto.PolySegment(X, winDrawable, foreground, segments) xproto.PolyRectangle(X, winDrawable, foreground, rectangles) xproto.PolyArc(X, winDrawable, foreground, arcs) default: } if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } return }
'--- added a flush to exit cleanly PRAGMA LDFLAGS `pkg-config --cflags --libs x11` PRAGMA INCLUDE <X11/Xlib.h> PRAGMA INCLUDE <X11/Xutil.h> OPTION PARSE FALSE '---XLIB is so ugly ALIAS XNextEvent TO EVENT ALIAS XOpenDisplay TO DISPLAY ALIAS DefaultScreen TO SCREEN ALIAS XCreateSimpleWindow TO CREATE ALIAS XCloseDisplay TO CLOSE_DISPLAY ALIAS XSelectInput TO EVENT_TYPE ALIAS XMapWindow TO MAP_EVENT ALIAS XFillRectangle TO FILL_RECTANGLE ALIAS XDrawString TO DRAW_STRING ALIAS XFlush TO FLUSH '---pointer to X Display structure DECLARE d TYPE Display* '---pointer to the newly created window 'DECLARE w TYPE WINDOW '---pointer to the XEvent DECLARE e TYPE XEvent DECLARE msg TYPE char* '--- number of screen to place the window on DECLARE s TYPE int msg = "Hello, World!" d = DISPLAY(NULL) IF d == NULL THEN EPRINT "Cannot open display" FORMAT "%s%s\n" END END IF s = SCREEN(d) w = CREATE(d, RootWindow(d, s), 10, 10, 100, 100, 1,BlackPixel(d, s), WhitePixel(d, s)) EVENT_TYPE(d, w, ExposureMask | KeyPressMask) MAP_EVENT(d, w) WHILE (1) EVENT(d, &e) IF e.type == Expose THEN FILL_RECTANGLE(d, w, DefaultGC(d, s), 20, 20, 10, 10) DRAW_STRING(d, w, DefaultGC(d, s), 10, 50, msg, strlen(msg)) END IF IF e.type == KeyPress THEN BREAK END IF WEND FLUSH(d) CLOSE_DISPLAY(d)
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import "fmt" const n = 64 func pow2(x uint) uint64 { return uint64(1) << x } func evolve(state uint64, rule int) { for p := 0; p < 10; p++ { b := uint64(0) for q := 7; q >= 0; q-- { st := state b |= (st & 1) << uint(q) state = 0 for i := uint(0); i < n; i++ { var t1, t2, t3 uint64 if i > 0 { t1 = st >> (i - 1) } else { t1 = st >> 63 } if i == 0 { t2 = st << 1 } else if i == 1 { t2 = st << 63 } else { t2 = st << (n + 1 - i) } t3 = 7 & (t1 | t2) if (uint64(rule) & pow2(uint(t3))) != 0 { state |= pow2(i) } } } fmt.Printf("%d ", b) } fmt.Println() } func main() { evolve(1, 30) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <limits.h> typedef unsigned long long ull; #define N (sizeof(ull) * CHAR_BIT) #define B(x) (1ULL << (x)) void evolve(ull state, int rule) { int i, p, q, b; for (p = 0; p < 10; p++) { for (b = 0, q = 8; q--; ) { ull st = state; b |= (st&1) << q; for (state = i = 0; i < N; i++) if (rule & B(7 & (st>>(i-1) | st<<(N+1-i)))) state |= B(i); } printf(" %d", b); } putchar('\n'); return; } int main(void) { evolve(1, 30); return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/terminal" ) func main() { w, h, err := terminal.GetSize(int(os.Stdout.Fd())) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } fmt.Println(h, w) }
#include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <err.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> int main() { struct winsize ws; int fd; fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) err(1, "/dev/tty"); if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0) err(1, "/dev/tty"); printf("%d rows by %d columns\n", ws.ws_row, ws.ws_col); printf("(%d by %d pixels)\n", ws.ws_xpixel, ws.ws_ypixel); close(fd); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "strings" ) type state int const ( ready state = iota waiting exit dispense refunding ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func fsm() { fmt.Println("Please enter your option when prompted") fmt.Println("(any characters after the first will be ignored)") state := ready var trans string scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) for { switch state { case ready: for { fmt.Print("\n(D)ispense or (Q)uit : ") scanner.Scan() trans = scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) if len(trans) == 0 { continue } option := strings.ToLower(trans)[0] if option == 'd' { state = waiting break } else if option == 'q' { state = exit break } } case waiting: fmt.Println("OK, put your money in the slot") for { fmt.Print("(S)elect product or choose a (R)efund : ") scanner.Scan() trans = scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) if len(trans) == 0 { continue } option := strings.ToLower(trans)[0] if option == 's' { state = dispense break } else if option == 'r' { state = refunding break } } case dispense: for { fmt.Print("(R)emove product : ") scanner.Scan() trans = scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) if len(trans) == 0 { continue } option := strings.ToLower(trans)[0] if option == 'r' { state = ready break } } case refunding: fmt.Println("OK, refunding your money") state = ready case exit: fmt.Println("OK, quitting") return } } } func main() { fsm() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { typedef enum State { READY, WAITING, REFUND, DISPENSE, COLLECT, QUIT } State; typedef struct statechange { const int in; const State out; } statechange; #define MAXINPUTS 3 typedef struct FSM { const State state; void (*Action)(void); const statechange table[MAXINPUTS]; } FSM; char str[10]; void Ready(void) { fprintf(stderr, "\nMachine is READY. (D)eposit or (Q)uit :"); scanf("%s", str); } void Waiting(void) { fprintf(stderr, "(S)elect product or choose to (R)efund :"); scanf("%s", str); } void Refund(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Please collect refund.\n"); } void Dispense(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Dispensing product...\n"); } void Collect(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Please (C)ollect product. :"); scanf("%s", str); } void Quit(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Thank you, shutting down now.\n"); exit(0); } const FSM fsm[] = { { READY, &Ready, {{'D', WAITING}, {'Q', QUIT }, {-1, READY} }}, { WAITING, &Waiting, {{'S', DISPENSE}, {'R', REFUND}, {-1, WAITING} }}, { REFUND, &Refund, {{ -1, READY} }}, { DISPENSE, &Dispense, {{ -1, COLLECT} }}, { COLLECT, &Collect, {{'C', READY}, { -1, COLLECT } }}, { QUIT, &Quit, {{ -1, QUIT} }}, }; int each; State state = READY; for (;;) { fsm[state].Action(); each = 0; while (!( ((fsm[state].table[each].in == -1) || (isalpha(str[0]) && fsm[state].table[each].in == toupper(str[0]) )))) each++; state = fsm[state].table[each].out; } return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "image" "image/color" "image/gif" "log" "os" ) var ( black = color.RGBA{0, 0, 0, 255} red = color.RGBA{255, 0, 0, 255} green = color.RGBA{0, 255, 0, 255} blue = color.RGBA{0, 0, 255, 255} magenta = color.RGBA{255, 0, 255, 255} cyan = color.RGBA{0, 255, 255, 255} yellow = color.RGBA{255, 255, 0, 255} white = color.RGBA{255, 255, 255, 255} ) var palette = []color.Color{red, green, blue, magenta, cyan, yellow, white, black} func hline(img *image.Paletted, x1, y, x2 int, ci uint8) { for ; x1 <= x2; x1++ { img.SetColorIndex(x1, y, ci) } } func vline(img *image.Paletted, x, y1, y2 int, ci uint8) { for ; y1 <= y2; y1++ { img.SetColorIndex(x, y1, ci) } } func setBackgroundColor(img *image.Paletted, w, h int, ci uint8) { for x := 0; x < w; x++ { for y := 0; y < h; y++ { img.SetColorIndex(x, y, ci) } } } func drawRectangle(img *image.Paletted, x1, y1, x2, y2 int, ci uint8) { hline(img, x1, y1, x2, ci) hline(img, x1, y2, x2, ci) vline(img, x1, y1, y2, ci) vline(img, x2, y1, y2, ci) } func main() { const nframes = 140 const delay = 10 width, height := 500, 500 anim := gif.GIF{LoopCount: nframes} rect := image.Rect(0, 0, width, height) for c := uint8(0); c < 7; c++ { for f := 0; f < 20; f++ { img := image.NewPaletted(rect, palette) setBackgroundColor(img, width, height, 7) for r := 0; r < 20; r++ { ix := c if r < f { ix = (ix + 1) % 7 } x := width * (r + 1) / 50 y := height * (r + 1) / 50 w := width - x h := height - y drawRectangle(img, x, y, w, h, ix) } anim.Delay = append(anim.Delay, delay) anim.Image = append(anim.Image, img) } } file, err := os.Create("vibrating.gif") if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } defer file.Close() if err2 := gif.EncodeAll(file, &anim); err != nil { log.Fatal(err2) } }
#include<graphics.h> void vibratingRectangles(int winWidth,int winHeight,int leastLength,int leastWidth,int num, int msec) { int color = 1,i,x = winWidth/2, y = winHeight/2; while(!kbhit()){ setcolor(color++); for(i=num;i>0;i--){ rectangle(x - i*leastLength,y - i*leastWidth,x + i*leastLength,y + i*leastWidth); delay(msec); } if(color>MAXCOLORS){ color = 1; } } } int main() { initwindow(1000,1000,"Vibrating Rectangles..."); vibratingRectangles(1000,1000,30,15,20,500); closegraph(); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) func main() { a := []int{6, 81, 243, 14, 25, 49, 123, 69, 11} for len(a) > 1 { sort.Ints(a) fmt.Println("Sorted list:", a) sum := a[0] + a[1] fmt.Printf("Two smallest: %d + %d = %d\n", a[0], a[1], sum) a = append(a, sum) a = a[2:] } fmt.Println("Last item is", a[0], "\b.") }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int compare(const void *a, const void *b) { int aa = *(const int *)a; int bb = *(const int *)b; if (aa < bb) return -1; if (aa > bb) return 1; return 0; } int main() { int a[] = {6, 81, 243, 14, 25, 49, 123, 69, 11}; int isize = sizeof(int); int asize = sizeof(a) / isize; int i, sum; while (asize > 1) { qsort(a, asize, isize, compare); printf("Sorted list: "); for (i = 0; i < asize; ++i) printf("%d ", a[i]); printf("\n"); sum = a[0] + a[1]; printf("Two smallest: %d + %d = %d\n", a[0], a[1], sum); for (i = 2; i < asize; ++i) a[i-2] = a[i]; a[asize - 2] = sum; asize--; } printf("Last item is %d.\n", a[0]); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) freq := 0 for freq < 40 || freq > 10000 { fmt.Print("Enter frequency in Hz (40 to 10000) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) freq, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } freqS := strconv.Itoa(freq) vol := 0 for vol < 1 || vol > 50 { fmt.Print("Enter volume in dB (1 to 50) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) vol, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } volS := strconv.Itoa(vol) dur := 0.0 for dur < 2 || dur > 10 { fmt.Print("Enter duration in seconds (2 to 10) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) dur, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64) } durS := strconv.FormatFloat(dur, 'f', -1, 64) kind := 0 for kind < 1 || kind > 3 { fmt.Print("Enter kind (1 = Sine, 2 = Square, 3 = Sawtooth) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) kind, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } kindS := "sine" if kind == 2 { kindS = "square" } else if kind == 3 { kindS = "sawtooth" } args := []string{"-n", "synth", durS, kindS, freqS, "vol", volS, "dB"} cmd := exec.Command("play", args...) err := cmd.Run() check(err) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio_ext.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "wren.h" void C_getInput(WrenVM* vm) { int maxSize = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1) + 2; char input[maxSize]; fgets(input, maxSize, stdin); __fpurge(stdin); input[strcspn(input, "\n")] = 0; wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, (const char*)input); } void C_play(WrenVM* vm) { const char *args = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(args) + 5]; strcpy(command, "play "); strcat(command, args); system(command); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "getInput(_)") == 0) return C_getInput; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "play(_)") == 0) return C_play; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "audio_frequency_generator.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) freq := 0 for freq < 40 || freq > 10000 { fmt.Print("Enter frequency in Hz (40 to 10000) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) freq, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } freqS := strconv.Itoa(freq) vol := 0 for vol < 1 || vol > 50 { fmt.Print("Enter volume in dB (1 to 50) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) vol, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } volS := strconv.Itoa(vol) dur := 0.0 for dur < 2 || dur > 10 { fmt.Print("Enter duration in seconds (2 to 10) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) dur, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64) } durS := strconv.FormatFloat(dur, 'f', -1, 64) kind := 0 for kind < 1 || kind > 3 { fmt.Print("Enter kind (1 = Sine, 2 = Square, 3 = Sawtooth) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) kind, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } kindS := "sine" if kind == 2 { kindS = "square" } else if kind == 3 { kindS = "sawtooth" } args := []string{"-n", "synth", durS, kindS, freqS, "vol", volS, "dB"} cmd := exec.Command("play", args...) err := cmd.Run() check(err) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio_ext.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "wren.h" void C_getInput(WrenVM* vm) { int maxSize = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1) + 2; char input[maxSize]; fgets(input, maxSize, stdin); __fpurge(stdin); input[strcspn(input, "\n")] = 0; wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, (const char*)input); } void C_play(WrenVM* vm) { const char *args = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(args) + 5]; strcpy(command, "play "); strcat(command, args); system(command); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "getInput(_)") == 0) return C_getInput; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "play(_)") == 0) return C_play; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "audio_frequency_generator.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(79) ix := 0 n := 1 count := 0 var pi []int for { if primes[ix] <= n { count++ if count == 22 { break } ix++ } n++ pi = append(pi, count) } fmt.Println("pi(n), the number of primes <= n, where n >= 1 and pi(n) < 22:") for i, n := range pi { fmt.Printf("%2d ", n) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n\nHighest n for this range = %d.\n", len(pi)) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int isprime( int n ) { int i; if (n<2) return 0; for(i=2; i*i<=n; i++) { if (n % i == 0) {return 0;} } return 1; } int main(void) { int n = 0, p = 1; while (n<22) { printf( "%d ", n ); p++; if (isprime(p)) n+=1; } return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C while preserving the original functionality.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { primes := rcu.Primes(79) ix := 0 n := 1 count := 0 var pi []int for { if primes[ix] <= n { count++ if count == 22 { break } ix++ } n++ pi = append(pi, count) } fmt.Println("pi(n), the number of primes <= n, where n >= 1 and pi(n) < 22:") for i, n := range pi { fmt.Printf("%2d ", n) if (i+1)%10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n\nHighest n for this range = %d.\n", len(pi)) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int isprime( int n ) { int i; if (n<2) return 0; for(i=2; i*i<=n; i++) { if (n % i == 0) {return 0;} } return 1; } int main(void) { int n = 0, p = 1; while (n<22) { printf( "%d ", n ); p++; if (isprime(p)) n+=1; } return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { numbers1 := [5]int{5, 45, 23, 21, 67} numbers2 := [5]int{43, 22, 78, 46, 38} numbers3 := [5]int{9, 98, 12, 98, 53} numbers := [5]int{} for n := 0; n < 5; n++ { numbers[n] = rcu.Min(rcu.Min(numbers1[n], numbers2[n]), numbers3[n]) } fmt.Println(numbers) }
#include <stdio.h> int min(int a, int b) { if (a < b) return a; return b; } int main() { int n; int numbers1[5] = {5, 45, 23, 21, 67}; int numbers2[5] = {43, 22, 78, 46, 38}; int numbers3[5] = {9, 98, 12, 98, 53}; int numbers[5] = {}; for (n = 0; n < 5; ++n) { numbers[n] = min(min(numbers1[n], numbers2[n]), numbers3[n]); printf("%d ", numbers[n]); } printf("\n"); return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import "fmt" func c(n, p int) (R1, R2 int, ok bool) { powModP := func(a, e int) int { s := 1 for ; e > 0; e-- { s = s * a % p } return s } ls := func(a int) int { return powModP(a, (p-1)/2) } if ls(n) != 1 { return } var a, ω2 int for a = 0; ; a++ { ω2 = (a*a + p - n) % p if ls(ω2) == p-1 { break } } type point struct{ x, y int } mul := func(a, b point) point { return point{(a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y*ω2) % p, (a.x*b.y + b.x*a.y) % p} } r := point{1, 0} s := point{a, 1} for n := (p + 1) >> 1 % p; n > 0; n >>= 1 { if n&1 == 1 { r = mul(r, s) } s = mul(s, s) } if r.y != 0 { return } if r.x*r.x%p != n { return } return r.x, p - r.x, true } func main() { fmt.Println(c(10, 13)) fmt.Println(c(56, 101)) fmt.Println(c(8218, 10007)) fmt.Println(c(8219, 10007)) fmt.Println(c(331575, 1000003)) }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> struct fp2 { int64_t x, y; }; uint64_t randULong(uint64_t min, uint64_t max) { uint64_t t = (uint64_t)rand(); return min + t % (max - min); } uint64_t mul_mod(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, uint64_t modulus) { uint64_t x = 0, y = a % modulus; while (b > 0) { if ((b & 1) == 1) { x = (x + y) % modulus; } y = (y << 1) % modulus; b = b >> 1; } return x; } uint64_t pow_mod(uint64_t b, uint64_t power, uint64_t modulus) { uint64_t x = 1; while (power > 0) { if ((power & 1) == 1) { x = mul_mod(x, b, modulus); } b = mul_mod(b, b, modulus); power = power >> 1; } return x; } bool isPrime(uint64_t n, int64_t k) { uint64_t a, x, n_one = n - 1, d = n_one; uint32_t s = 0; uint32_t r; if (n < 2) { return false; } if (n > 9223372036854775808ull) { printf("The number is too big, program will end.\n"); exit(1); } if ((n % 2) == 0) { return n == 2; } while ((d & 1) == 0) { d = d >> 1; s = s + 1; } while (k > 0) { k = k - 1; a = randULong(2, n); x = pow_mod(a, d, n); if (x == 1 || x == n_one) { continue; } for (r = 1; r < s; r++) { x = pow_mod(x, 2, n); if (x == 1) return false; if (x == n_one) goto continue_while; } if (x != n_one) { return false; } continue_while: {} } return true; } int64_t legendre_symbol(int64_t a, int64_t p) { int64_t x = pow_mod(a, (p - 1) / 2, p); if ((p - 1) == x) { return x - p; } else { return x; } } struct fp2 fp2mul(struct fp2 a, struct fp2 b, int64_t p, int64_t w2) { struct fp2 answer; uint64_t tmp1, tmp2; tmp1 = mul_mod(a.x, b.x, p); tmp2 = mul_mod(a.y, b.y, p); tmp2 = mul_mod(tmp2, w2, p); answer.x = (tmp1 + tmp2) % p; tmp1 = mul_mod(a.x, b.y, p); tmp2 = mul_mod(a.y, b.x, p); answer.y = (tmp1 + tmp2) % p; return answer; } struct fp2 fp2square(struct fp2 a, int64_t p, int64_t w2) { return fp2mul(a, a, p, w2); } struct fp2 fp2pow(struct fp2 a, int64_t n, int64_t p, int64_t w2) { struct fp2 ret; if (n == 0) { ret.x = 1; ret.y = 0; return ret; } if (n == 1) { return a; } if ((n & 1) == 0) { return fp2square(fp2pow(a, n / 2, p, w2), p, w2); } else { return fp2mul(a, fp2pow(a, n - 1, p, w2), p, w2); } } void test(int64_t n, int64_t p) { int64_t a, w2; int64_t x1, x2; struct fp2 answer; printf("Find solution for n = %lld and p = %lld\n", n, p); if (p == 2 || !isPrime(p, 15)) { printf("No solution, p is not an odd prime.\n\n"); return; } if (legendre_symbol(n, p) != 1) { printf(" %lld is not a square in F%lld\n\n", n, p); return; } while (true) { do { a = randULong(2, p); w2 = a * a - n; } while (legendre_symbol(w2, p) != -1); answer.x = a; answer.y = 1; answer = fp2pow(answer, (p + 1) / 2, p, w2); if (answer.y != 0) { continue; } x1 = answer.x; x2 = p - x1; if (mul_mod(x1, x1, p) == n && mul_mod(x2, x2, p) == n) { printf("Solution found: x1 = %lld, x2 = %lld\n\n", x1, x2); return; } } } int main() { srand((size_t)time(0)); test(10, 13); test(56, 101); test(8218, 10007); test(8219, 10007); test(331575, 1000003); test(665165880, 1000000007); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package main import "fmt" func c(n, p int) (R1, R2 int, ok bool) { powModP := func(a, e int) int { s := 1 for ; e > 0; e-- { s = s * a % p } return s } ls := func(a int) int { return powModP(a, (p-1)/2) } if ls(n) != 1 { return } var a, ω2 int for a = 0; ; a++ { ω2 = (a*a + p - n) % p if ls(ω2) == p-1 { break } } type point struct{ x, y int } mul := func(a, b point) point { return point{(a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y*ω2) % p, (a.x*b.y + b.x*a.y) % p} } r := point{1, 0} s := point{a, 1} for n := (p + 1) >> 1 % p; n > 0; n >>= 1 { if n&1 == 1 { r = mul(r, s) } s = mul(s, s) } if r.y != 0 { return } if r.x*r.x%p != n { return } return r.x, p - r.x, true } func main() { fmt.Println(c(10, 13)) fmt.Println(c(56, 101)) fmt.Println(c(8218, 10007)) fmt.Println(c(8219, 10007)) fmt.Println(c(331575, 1000003)) }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> struct fp2 { int64_t x, y; }; uint64_t randULong(uint64_t min, uint64_t max) { uint64_t t = (uint64_t)rand(); return min + t % (max - min); } uint64_t mul_mod(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, uint64_t modulus) { uint64_t x = 0, y = a % modulus; while (b > 0) { if ((b & 1) == 1) { x = (x + y) % modulus; } y = (y << 1) % modulus; b = b >> 1; } return x; } uint64_t pow_mod(uint64_t b, uint64_t power, uint64_t modulus) { uint64_t x = 1; while (power > 0) { if ((power & 1) == 1) { x = mul_mod(x, b, modulus); } b = mul_mod(b, b, modulus); power = power >> 1; } return x; } bool isPrime(uint64_t n, int64_t k) { uint64_t a, x, n_one = n - 1, d = n_one; uint32_t s = 0; uint32_t r; if (n < 2) { return false; } if (n > 9223372036854775808ull) { printf("The number is too big, program will end.\n"); exit(1); } if ((n % 2) == 0) { return n == 2; } while ((d & 1) == 0) { d = d >> 1; s = s + 1; } while (k > 0) { k = k - 1; a = randULong(2, n); x = pow_mod(a, d, n); if (x == 1 || x == n_one) { continue; } for (r = 1; r < s; r++) { x = pow_mod(x, 2, n); if (x == 1) return false; if (x == n_one) goto continue_while; } if (x != n_one) { return false; } continue_while: {} } return true; } int64_t legendre_symbol(int64_t a, int64_t p) { int64_t x = pow_mod(a, (p - 1) / 2, p); if ((p - 1) == x) { return x - p; } else { return x; } } struct fp2 fp2mul(struct fp2 a, struct fp2 b, int64_t p, int64_t w2) { struct fp2 answer; uint64_t tmp1, tmp2; tmp1 = mul_mod(a.x, b.x, p); tmp2 = mul_mod(a.y, b.y, p); tmp2 = mul_mod(tmp2, w2, p); answer.x = (tmp1 + tmp2) % p; tmp1 = mul_mod(a.x, b.y, p); tmp2 = mul_mod(a.y, b.x, p); answer.y = (tmp1 + tmp2) % p; return answer; } struct fp2 fp2square(struct fp2 a, int64_t p, int64_t w2) { return fp2mul(a, a, p, w2); } struct fp2 fp2pow(struct fp2 a, int64_t n, int64_t p, int64_t w2) { struct fp2 ret; if (n == 0) { ret.x = 1; ret.y = 0; return ret; } if (n == 1) { return a; } if ((n & 1) == 0) { return fp2square(fp2pow(a, n / 2, p, w2), p, w2); } else { return fp2mul(a, fp2pow(a, n - 1, p, w2), p, w2); } } void test(int64_t n, int64_t p) { int64_t a, w2; int64_t x1, x2; struct fp2 answer; printf("Find solution for n = %lld and p = %lld\n", n, p); if (p == 2 || !isPrime(p, 15)) { printf("No solution, p is not an odd prime.\n\n"); return; } if (legendre_symbol(n, p) != 1) { printf(" %lld is not a square in F%lld\n\n", n, p); return; } while (true) { do { a = randULong(2, p); w2 = a * a - n; } while (legendre_symbol(w2, p) != -1); answer.x = a; answer.y = 1; answer = fp2pow(answer, (p + 1) / 2, p, w2); if (answer.y != 0) { continue; } x1 = answer.x; x2 = p - x1; if (mul_mod(x1, x1, p) == n && mul_mod(x2, x2, p) == n) { printf("Solution found: x1 = %lld, x2 = %lld\n\n", x1, x2); return; } } } int main() { srand((size_t)time(0)); test(10, 13); test(56, 101); test(8218, 10007); test(8219, 10007); test(331575, 1000003); test(665165880, 1000000007); return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" ) const CONST = 6364136223846793005 type Pcg32 struct{ state, inc uint64 } func Pcg32New() *Pcg32 { return &Pcg32{0x853c49e6748fea9b, 0xda3e39cb94b95bdb} } func (pcg *Pcg32) seed(seedState, seedSequence uint64) { pcg.state = 0 pcg.inc = (seedSequence << 1) | 1 pcg.nextInt() pcg.state = pcg.state + seedState pcg.nextInt() } func (pcg *Pcg32) nextInt() uint32 { old := pcg.state pcg.state = old*CONST + pcg.inc pcgshifted := uint32(((old >> 18) ^ old) >> 27) rot := uint32(old >> 59) return (pcgshifted >> rot) | (pcgshifted << ((-rot) & 31)) } func (pcg *Pcg32) nextFloat() float64 { return float64(pcg.nextInt()) / (1 << 32) } func main() { randomGen := Pcg32New() randomGen.seed(42, 54) for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(randomGen.nextInt()) } var counts [5]int randomGen.seed(987654321, 1) for i := 0; i < 1e5; i++ { j := int(math.Floor(randomGen.nextFloat() * 5)) counts[j]++ } fmt.Println("\nThe counts for 100,000 repetitions are:") for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Printf(" %d : %d\n", i, counts[i]) } }
#include <math.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> const uint64_t N = 6364136223846793005; static uint64_t state = 0x853c49e6748fea9b; static uint64_t inc = 0xda3e39cb94b95bdb; uint32_t pcg32_int() { uint64_t old = state; state = old * N + inc; uint32_t shifted = (uint32_t)(((old >> 18) ^ old) >> 27); uint32_t rot = old >> 59; return (shifted >> rot) | (shifted << ((~rot + 1) & 31)); } double pcg32_float() { return ((double)pcg32_int()) / (1LL << 32); } void pcg32_seed(uint64_t seed_state, uint64_t seed_sequence) { state = 0; inc = (seed_sequence << 1) | 1; pcg32_int(); state = state + seed_state; pcg32_int(); } int main() { int counts[5] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }; int i; pcg32_seed(42, 54); printf("%u\n", pcg32_int()); printf("%u\n", pcg32_int()); printf("%u\n", pcg32_int()); printf("%u\n", pcg32_int()); printf("%u\n", pcg32_int()); printf("\n"); pcg32_seed(987654321, 1); for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) { int j = (int)floor(pcg32_float() * 5.0); counts[j]++; } printf("The counts for 100,000 repetitions are:\n"); for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf(" %d : %d\n", i, counts[i]); } return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import "fmt" func main() { h := []float64{-8, -9, -3, -1, -6, 7} f := []float64{-3, -6, -1, 8, -6, 3, -1, -9, -9, 3, -2, 5, 2, -2, -7, -1} g := []float64{24, 75, 71, -34, 3, 22, -45, 23, 245, 25, 52, 25, -67, -96, 96, 31, 55, 36, 29, -43, -7} fmt.Println(h) fmt.Println(deconv(g, f)) fmt.Println(f) fmt.Println(deconv(g, h)) } func deconv(g, f []float64) []float64 { h := make([]float64, len(g)-len(f)+1) for n := range h { h[n] = g[n] var lower int if n >= len(f) { lower = n - len(f) + 1 } for i := lower; i < n; i++ { h[n] -= h[i] * f[n-i] } h[n] /= f[0] } return h }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <complex.h> double PI; typedef double complex cplx; void _fft(cplx buf[], cplx out[], int n, int step) { if (step < n) { _fft(out, buf, n, step * 2); _fft(out + step, buf + step, n, step * 2); for (int i = 0; i < n; i += 2 * step) { cplx t = cexp(-I * PI * i / n) * out[i + step]; buf[i / 2] = out[i] + t; buf[(i + n)/2] = out[i] - t; } } } void fft(cplx buf[], int n) { cplx out[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) out[i] = buf[i]; _fft(buf, out, n, 1); } cplx *pad_two(double g[], int len, int *ns) { int n = 1; if (*ns) n = *ns; else while (n < len) n *= 2; cplx *buf = calloc(sizeof(cplx), n); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) buf[i] = g[i]; *ns = n; return buf; } void deconv(double g[], int lg, double f[], int lf, double out[]) { int ns = 0; cplx *g2 = pad_two(g, lg, &ns); cplx *f2 = pad_two(f, lf, &ns); fft(g2, ns); fft(f2, ns); cplx h[ns]; for (int i = 0; i < ns; i++) h[i] = g2[i] / f2[i]; fft(h, ns); for (int i = 0; i >= lf - lg; i--) out[-i] = h[(i + ns) % ns]/32; free(g2); free(f2); } int main() { PI = atan2(1,1) * 4; double g[] = {24,75,71,-34,3,22,-45,23,245,25,52,25,-67,-96,96,31,55,36,29,-43,-7}; double f[] = { -3,-6,-1,8,-6,3,-1,-9,-9,3,-2,5,2,-2,-7,-1 }; double h[] = { -8,-9,-3,-1,-6,7 }; int lg = sizeof(g)/sizeof(double); int lf = sizeof(f)/sizeof(double); int lh = sizeof(h)/sizeof(double); double h2[lh]; double f2[lf]; printf("f[] data is : "); for (int i = 0; i < lf; i++) printf(" %g", f[i]); printf("\n"); printf("deconv(g, h): "); deconv(g, lg, h, lh, f2); for (int i = 0; i < lf; i++) printf(" %g", f2[i]); printf("\n"); printf("h[] data is : "); for (int i = 0; i < lh; i++) printf(" %g", h[i]); printf("\n"); printf("deconv(g, f): "); deconv(g, lg, f, lf, h2); for (int i = 0; i < lh; i++) printf(" %g", h2[i]); printf("\n"); }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "os/exec" "raster" ) func main() { b := raster.NewBitmap(400, 300) b.FillRgb(0xc08040) for i := 0; i < 2000; i++ { b.SetPxRgb(rand.Intn(400), rand.Intn(300), 0x804020) } for x := 0; x < 400; x++ { for y := 240; y < 245; y++ { b.SetPxRgb(x, y, 0x804020) } for y := 260; y < 265; y++ { b.SetPxRgb(x, y, 0x804020) } } for y := 0; y < 300; y++ { for x := 80; x < 85; x++ { b.SetPxRgb(x, y, 0x804020) } for x := 95; x < 100; x++ { b.SetPxRgb(x, y, 0x804020) } } c := exec.Command("cjpeg", "-outfile", "pipeout.jpg") pipe, err := c.StdinPipe() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = c.Start() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = b.WritePpmTo(pipe) if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } err = pipe.Close() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } }
void print_jpg(image img, int qual);
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "crypto/sha256" "encoding/hex" "errors" "fmt" "golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160" ) type Point struct { x, y [32]byte } func (p *Point) SetHex(x, y string) error { if len(x) != 64 || len(y) != 64 { return errors.New("invalid hex string length") } if _, err := hex.Decode(p.x[:], []byte(x)); err != nil { return err } _, err := hex.Decode(p.y[:], []byte(y)) return err } type A25 [25]byte func (a *A25) doubleSHA256() []byte { h := sha256.New() h.Write(a[:21]) d := h.Sum([]byte{}) h = sha256.New() h.Write(d) return h.Sum(d[:0]) } func (a *A25) UpdateChecksum() { copy(a[21:], a.doubleSHA256()) } func (a *A25) SetPoint(p *Point) { c := [65]byte{4} copy(c[1:], p.x[:]) copy(c[33:], p.y[:]) h := sha256.New() h.Write(c[:]) s := h.Sum([]byte{}) h = ripemd160.New() h.Write(s) h.Sum(a[1:1]) a.UpdateChecksum() } var tmpl = []byte("123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz") func (a *A25) A58() []byte { var out [34]byte for n := 33; n >= 0; n-- { c := 0 for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { c = c*256 + int(a[i]) a[i] = byte(c / 58) c %= 58 } out[n] = tmpl[c] } i := 1 for i < 34 && out[i] == '1' { i++ } return out[i-1:] } func main() { var p Point err := p.SetHex( "50863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B2352", "2CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } var a A25 a.SetPoint(&p) fmt.Println(string(a.A58())) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <openssl/sha.h> #include <openssl/ripemd.h> #define COIN_VER 0 const char *coin_err; typedef unsigned char byte; int is_hex(const char *s) { int i; for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) if (!isxdigit(s[i])) return 0; return 1; } void str_to_byte(const char *src, byte *dst, int n) { while (n--) sscanf(src + n * 2, "%2hhx", dst + n); } char* base58(byte *s, char *out) { static const char *tmpl = "123456789" "ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz"; static char buf[40]; int c, i, n; if (!out) out = buf; out[n = 34] = 0; while (n--) { for (c = i = 0; i < 25; i++) { c = c * 256 + s[i]; s[i] = c / 58; c %= 58; } out[n] = tmpl[c]; } for (n = 0; out[n] == '1'; n++); memmove(out, out + n, 34 - n); return out; } char *coin_encode(const char *x, const char *y, char *out) { byte s[65]; byte rmd[5 + RIPEMD160_DIGEST_LENGTH]; if (!is_hex(x) || !(is_hex(y))) { coin_err = "bad public point string"; return 0; } s[0] = 4; str_to_byte(x, s + 1, 32); str_to_byte(y, s + 33, 32); rmd[0] = COIN_VER; RIPEMD160(SHA256(s, 65, 0), SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH, rmd + 1); memcpy(rmd + 21, SHA256(SHA256(rmd, 21, 0), SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH, 0), 4); return base58(rmd, out); } int main(void) { puts(coin_encode( "50863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B2352", "2CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6", 0)); return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import ( "crypto/sha256" "encoding/hex" "errors" "fmt" "golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160" ) type Point struct { x, y [32]byte } func (p *Point) SetHex(x, y string) error { if len(x) != 64 || len(y) != 64 { return errors.New("invalid hex string length") } if _, err := hex.Decode(p.x[:], []byte(x)); err != nil { return err } _, err := hex.Decode(p.y[:], []byte(y)) return err } type A25 [25]byte func (a *A25) doubleSHA256() []byte { h := sha256.New() h.Write(a[:21]) d := h.Sum([]byte{}) h = sha256.New() h.Write(d) return h.Sum(d[:0]) } func (a *A25) UpdateChecksum() { copy(a[21:], a.doubleSHA256()) } func (a *A25) SetPoint(p *Point) { c := [65]byte{4} copy(c[1:], p.x[:]) copy(c[33:], p.y[:]) h := sha256.New() h.Write(c[:]) s := h.Sum([]byte{}) h = ripemd160.New() h.Write(s) h.Sum(a[1:1]) a.UpdateChecksum() } var tmpl = []byte("123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz") func (a *A25) A58() []byte { var out [34]byte for n := 33; n >= 0; n-- { c := 0 for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { c = c*256 + int(a[i]) a[i] = byte(c / 58) c %= 58 } out[n] = tmpl[c] } i := 1 for i < 34 && out[i] == '1' { i++ } return out[i-1:] } func main() { var p Point err := p.SetHex( "50863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B2352", "2CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) return } var a A25 a.SetPoint(&p) fmt.Println(string(a.A58())) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <openssl/sha.h> #include <openssl/ripemd.h> #define COIN_VER 0 const char *coin_err; typedef unsigned char byte; int is_hex(const char *s) { int i; for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) if (!isxdigit(s[i])) return 0; return 1; } void str_to_byte(const char *src, byte *dst, int n) { while (n--) sscanf(src + n * 2, "%2hhx", dst + n); } char* base58(byte *s, char *out) { static const char *tmpl = "123456789" "ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz"; static char buf[40]; int c, i, n; if (!out) out = buf; out[n = 34] = 0; while (n--) { for (c = i = 0; i < 25; i++) { c = c * 256 + s[i]; s[i] = c / 58; c %= 58; } out[n] = tmpl[c]; } for (n = 0; out[n] == '1'; n++); memmove(out, out + n, 34 - n); return out; } char *coin_encode(const char *x, const char *y, char *out) { byte s[65]; byte rmd[5 + RIPEMD160_DIGEST_LENGTH]; if (!is_hex(x) || !(is_hex(y))) { coin_err = "bad public point string"; return 0; } s[0] = 4; str_to_byte(x, s + 1, 32); str_to_byte(y, s + 33, 32); rmd[0] = COIN_VER; RIPEMD160(SHA256(s, 65, 0), SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH, rmd + 1); memcpy(rmd + 21, SHA256(SHA256(rmd, 21, 0), SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH, 0), 4); return base58(rmd, out); } int main(void) { puts(coin_encode( "50863AD64A87AE8A2FE83C1AF1A8403CB53F53E486D8511DAD8A04887E5B2352", "2CD470243453A299FA9E77237716103ABC11A1DF38855ED6F2EE187E9C582BA6", 0)); return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) type pair struct{ first, second string } var ( fStrs = []pair{{"MAC", "MCC"}, {"KN", "N"}, {"K", "C"}, {"PH", "FF"}, {"PF", "FF"}, {"SCH", "SSS"}} lStrs = []pair{{"EE", "Y"}, {"IE", "Y"}, {"DT", "D"}, {"RT", "D"}, {"RD", "D"}, {"NT", "D"}, {"ND", "D"}} mStrs = []pair{{"EV", "AF"}, {"KN", "N"}, {"SCH", "SSS"}, {"PH", "FF"}} eStrs = []string{"JR", "JNR", "SR", "SNR"} ) func isVowel(b byte) bool { return strings.ContainsRune("AEIOU", rune(b)) } func isRoman(s string) bool { if s == "" { return false } for _, r := range s { if !strings.ContainsRune("IVX", r) { return false } } return true } func nysiis(word string) string { if word == "" { return "" } w := strings.ToUpper(word) ww := strings.FieldsFunc(w, func(r rune) bool { return r == ' ' || r == ',' }) if len(ww) > 1 { last := ww[len(ww)-1] if isRoman(last) { w = w[:len(w)-len(last)] } } for _, c := range " ,'-" { w = strings.Replace(w, string(c), "", -1) } for _, eStr := range eStrs { if strings.HasSuffix(w, eStr) { w = w[:len(w)-len(eStr)] } } for _, fStr := range fStrs { if strings.HasPrefix(w, fStr.first) { w = strings.Replace(w, fStr.first, fStr.second, 1) } } for _, lStr := range lStrs { if strings.HasSuffix(w, lStr.first) { w = w[:len(w)-2] + lStr.second } } initial := w[0] var key strings.Builder key.WriteByte(initial) w = w[1:] for _, mStr := range mStrs { w = strings.Replace(w, mStr.first, mStr.second, -1) } sb := []byte{initial} sb = append(sb, w...) le := len(sb) for i := 1; i < le; i++ { switch sb[i] { case 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U': sb[i] = 'A' case 'Q': sb[i] = 'G' case 'Z': sb[i] = 'S' case 'M': sb[i] = 'N' case 'K': sb[i] = 'C' case 'H': if !isVowel(sb[i-1]) || (i < le-1 && !isVowel(sb[i+1])) { sb[i] = sb[i-1] } case 'W': if isVowel(sb[i-1]) { sb[i] = 'A' } } } if sb[le-1] == 'S' { sb = sb[:le-1] le-- } if le > 1 && string(sb[le-2:]) == "AY" { sb = sb[:le-2] sb = append(sb, 'Y') le-- } if le > 0 && sb[le-1] == 'A' { sb = sb[:le-1] le-- } prev := initial for j := 1; j < le; j++ { c := sb[j] if prev != c { key.WriteByte(c) prev = c } } return key.String() } func main() { names := []string{ "Bishop", "Carlson", "Carr", "Chapman", "Franklin", "Greene", "Harper", "Jacobs", "Larson", "Lawrence", "Lawson", "Louis, XVI", "Lynch", "Mackenzie", "Matthews", "May jnr", "McCormack", "McDaniel", "McDonald", "Mclaughlin", "Morrison", "O'Banion", "O'Brien", "Richards", "Silva", "Watkins", "Xi", "Wheeler", "Willis", "brown, sr", "browne, III", "browne, IV", "knight", "mitchell", "o'daniel", "bevan", "evans", "D'Souza", "Hoyle-Johnson", "Vaughan Williams", "de Sousa", "de la Mare II", } for _, name := range names { name2 := nysiis(name) if len(name2) > 6 { name2 = fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s)", name2[:6], name2[6:]) } fmt.Printf("%-16s : %s\n", name, name2) } }
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> std::string NYSIIS( std::string const& str ) { std::string s, out; s.reserve( str.length() ); for( auto const c : str ) { if( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) s += c - ('a' - 'A'); else if( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) s += c; } auto replace = []( char const * const from, char const* to, char* const dst ) -> bool { auto const n = strlen( from ); if( strncmp( from, dst, n ) == 0 ) { strncpy( dst, to, n ); return true; } return false; }; auto multiReplace = []( char const* const* from, char const* to, char* const dst ) -> bool { auto const n = strlen( *from ); for( ; *from; ++from ) if( strncmp( *from, dst, n ) == 0 ) { memcpy( dst, to, n ); return true; } return false; }; auto isVowel = []( char const c ) -> bool { return c == 'A' || c == 'E' || c == 'I' || c == 'O' || c == 'U'; }; size_t n = s.length(); replace( "MAC", "MCC", &s[0] ); replace( "KN", "NN", &s[0] ); replace( "K", "C", &s[0] ); char const* const prefix[] = { "PH", "PF", 0 }; multiReplace( prefix, "FF", &s[0] ); replace( "SCH", "SSS", &s[0] ); char const* const suffix1[] = { "EE", "IE", 0 }; char const* const suffix2[] = { "DT", "RT", "RD", "NT", "ND", 0 }; if( multiReplace( suffix1, "Y", &s[n - 2] ) || multiReplace( suffix2, "D", &s[n - 2] )) { s.pop_back(); --n; } out += s[0]; char* vowels[] = { "A", "E", "I", "O", "U", 0 }; for( unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i ) { char* const c = &s[i]; if( !replace( "EV", "AV", c ) ) multiReplace( vowels, "A", c ); replace( "Q", "G", c ); replace( "Z", "S", c ); replace( "M", "N", c ); if( !replace( "KN", "NN", c )) replace( "K", "C", c ); replace( "SCH", "SSS", c ); replace( "PH", "FF", c ); if( *c == 'H' && (!isVowel( s[i - 1] ) || i + 1 >= n || !isVowel( s[i + 1] ))) *c = s[i - 1]; if( *c == 'W' && isVowel( s[i - 1] )) *c = 'A'; if( out.back() != *c ) out += *c; } if( out.back() == 'S' || out.back() == 'A' ) out.pop_back(); n = out.length() - 2; if( out[n] == 'A' && out[n + 1] == 'Y' ) out = out.substr( 0, n ) + "Y"; return out; } int main() { static char const * const names[][2] = { { "Bishop", "BASAP" }, { "Carlson", "CARLSAN" }, { "Carr", "CAR" }, { "Chapman", "CAPNAN" }, { "Franklin", "FRANCLAN" }, { "Greene", "GRAN" }, { "Harper", "HARPAR" }, { "Jacobs", "JACAB" }, { "Larson", "LARSAN" }, { "Lawrence", "LARANC" }, { "Lawson", "LASAN" }, { "Louis, XVI", "LASXV" }, { "Lynch", "LYNC" }, { "Mackenzie", "MCANSY" }, { "Matthews", "MATA" }, { "McCormack", "MCARNAC" }, { "McDaniel", "MCDANAL" }, { "McDonald", "MCDANALD" }, { "Mclaughlin", "MCLAGLAN" }, { "Morrison", "MARASAN" }, { "O'Banion", "OBANAN" }, { "O'Brien", "OBRAN" }, { "Richards", "RACARD" }, { "Silva", "SALV" }, { "Watkins", "WATCAN" }, { "Wheeler", "WALAR" }, { "Willis", "WALA" }, { "brown, sr", "BRANSR" }, { "browne, III", "BRAN" }, { "browne, IV", "BRANAV" }, { "knight", "NAGT" }, { "mitchell", "MATCAL" }, { "o'daniel", "ODANAL" } }; for( auto const& name : names ) { auto const code = NYSIIS( name[0] ); std::cout << std::left << std::setw( 16 ) << name[0] << std::setw( 8 ) << code; if( code == std::string( name[1] )) std::cout << " ok"; else std::cout << " ERROR: " << name[1] << " expected"; std::cout << std::endl; } return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) type pair struct{ first, second string } var ( fStrs = []pair{{"MAC", "MCC"}, {"KN", "N"}, {"K", "C"}, {"PH", "FF"}, {"PF", "FF"}, {"SCH", "SSS"}} lStrs = []pair{{"EE", "Y"}, {"IE", "Y"}, {"DT", "D"}, {"RT", "D"}, {"RD", "D"}, {"NT", "D"}, {"ND", "D"}} mStrs = []pair{{"EV", "AF"}, {"KN", "N"}, {"SCH", "SSS"}, {"PH", "FF"}} eStrs = []string{"JR", "JNR", "SR", "SNR"} ) func isVowel(b byte) bool { return strings.ContainsRune("AEIOU", rune(b)) } func isRoman(s string) bool { if s == "" { return false } for _, r := range s { if !strings.ContainsRune("IVX", r) { return false } } return true } func nysiis(word string) string { if word == "" { return "" } w := strings.ToUpper(word) ww := strings.FieldsFunc(w, func(r rune) bool { return r == ' ' || r == ',' }) if len(ww) > 1 { last := ww[len(ww)-1] if isRoman(last) { w = w[:len(w)-len(last)] } } for _, c := range " ,'-" { w = strings.Replace(w, string(c), "", -1) } for _, eStr := range eStrs { if strings.HasSuffix(w, eStr) { w = w[:len(w)-len(eStr)] } } for _, fStr := range fStrs { if strings.HasPrefix(w, fStr.first) { w = strings.Replace(w, fStr.first, fStr.second, 1) } } for _, lStr := range lStrs { if strings.HasSuffix(w, lStr.first) { w = w[:len(w)-2] + lStr.second } } initial := w[0] var key strings.Builder key.WriteByte(initial) w = w[1:] for _, mStr := range mStrs { w = strings.Replace(w, mStr.first, mStr.second, -1) } sb := []byte{initial} sb = append(sb, w...) le := len(sb) for i := 1; i < le; i++ { switch sb[i] { case 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U': sb[i] = 'A' case 'Q': sb[i] = 'G' case 'Z': sb[i] = 'S' case 'M': sb[i] = 'N' case 'K': sb[i] = 'C' case 'H': if !isVowel(sb[i-1]) || (i < le-1 && !isVowel(sb[i+1])) { sb[i] = sb[i-1] } case 'W': if isVowel(sb[i-1]) { sb[i] = 'A' } } } if sb[le-1] == 'S' { sb = sb[:le-1] le-- } if le > 1 && string(sb[le-2:]) == "AY" { sb = sb[:le-2] sb = append(sb, 'Y') le-- } if le > 0 && sb[le-1] == 'A' { sb = sb[:le-1] le-- } prev := initial for j := 1; j < le; j++ { c := sb[j] if prev != c { key.WriteByte(c) prev = c } } return key.String() } func main() { names := []string{ "Bishop", "Carlson", "Carr", "Chapman", "Franklin", "Greene", "Harper", "Jacobs", "Larson", "Lawrence", "Lawson", "Louis, XVI", "Lynch", "Mackenzie", "Matthews", "May jnr", "McCormack", "McDaniel", "McDonald", "Mclaughlin", "Morrison", "O'Banion", "O'Brien", "Richards", "Silva", "Watkins", "Xi", "Wheeler", "Willis", "brown, sr", "browne, III", "browne, IV", "knight", "mitchell", "o'daniel", "bevan", "evans", "D'Souza", "Hoyle-Johnson", "Vaughan Williams", "de Sousa", "de la Mare II", } for _, name := range names { name2 := nysiis(name) if len(name2) > 6 { name2 = fmt.Sprintf("%s(%s)", name2[:6], name2[6:]) } fmt.Printf("%-16s : %s\n", name, name2) } }
#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> std::string NYSIIS( std::string const& str ) { std::string s, out; s.reserve( str.length() ); for( auto const c : str ) { if( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' ) s += c - ('a' - 'A'); else if( c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ) s += c; } auto replace = []( char const * const from, char const* to, char* const dst ) -> bool { auto const n = strlen( from ); if( strncmp( from, dst, n ) == 0 ) { strncpy( dst, to, n ); return true; } return false; }; auto multiReplace = []( char const* const* from, char const* to, char* const dst ) -> bool { auto const n = strlen( *from ); for( ; *from; ++from ) if( strncmp( *from, dst, n ) == 0 ) { memcpy( dst, to, n ); return true; } return false; }; auto isVowel = []( char const c ) -> bool { return c == 'A' || c == 'E' || c == 'I' || c == 'O' || c == 'U'; }; size_t n = s.length(); replace( "MAC", "MCC", &s[0] ); replace( "KN", "NN", &s[0] ); replace( "K", "C", &s[0] ); char const* const prefix[] = { "PH", "PF", 0 }; multiReplace( prefix, "FF", &s[0] ); replace( "SCH", "SSS", &s[0] ); char const* const suffix1[] = { "EE", "IE", 0 }; char const* const suffix2[] = { "DT", "RT", "RD", "NT", "ND", 0 }; if( multiReplace( suffix1, "Y", &s[n - 2] ) || multiReplace( suffix2, "D", &s[n - 2] )) { s.pop_back(); --n; } out += s[0]; char* vowels[] = { "A", "E", "I", "O", "U", 0 }; for( unsigned i = 1; i < n; ++i ) { char* const c = &s[i]; if( !replace( "EV", "AV", c ) ) multiReplace( vowels, "A", c ); replace( "Q", "G", c ); replace( "Z", "S", c ); replace( "M", "N", c ); if( !replace( "KN", "NN", c )) replace( "K", "C", c ); replace( "SCH", "SSS", c ); replace( "PH", "FF", c ); if( *c == 'H' && (!isVowel( s[i - 1] ) || i + 1 >= n || !isVowel( s[i + 1] ))) *c = s[i - 1]; if( *c == 'W' && isVowel( s[i - 1] )) *c = 'A'; if( out.back() != *c ) out += *c; } if( out.back() == 'S' || out.back() == 'A' ) out.pop_back(); n = out.length() - 2; if( out[n] == 'A' && out[n + 1] == 'Y' ) out = out.substr( 0, n ) + "Y"; return out; } int main() { static char const * const names[][2] = { { "Bishop", "BASAP" }, { "Carlson", "CARLSAN" }, { "Carr", "CAR" }, { "Chapman", "CAPNAN" }, { "Franklin", "FRANCLAN" }, { "Greene", "GRAN" }, { "Harper", "HARPAR" }, { "Jacobs", "JACAB" }, { "Larson", "LARSAN" }, { "Lawrence", "LARANC" }, { "Lawson", "LASAN" }, { "Louis, XVI", "LASXV" }, { "Lynch", "LYNC" }, { "Mackenzie", "MCANSY" }, { "Matthews", "MATA" }, { "McCormack", "MCARNAC" }, { "McDaniel", "MCDANAL" }, { "McDonald", "MCDANALD" }, { "Mclaughlin", "MCLAGLAN" }, { "Morrison", "MARASAN" }, { "O'Banion", "OBANAN" }, { "O'Brien", "OBRAN" }, { "Richards", "RACARD" }, { "Silva", "SALV" }, { "Watkins", "WATCAN" }, { "Wheeler", "WALAR" }, { "Willis", "WALA" }, { "brown, sr", "BRANSR" }, { "browne, III", "BRAN" }, { "browne, IV", "BRANAV" }, { "knight", "NAGT" }, { "mitchell", "MATCAL" }, { "o'daniel", "ODANAL" } }; for( auto const& name : names ) { auto const code = NYSIIS( name[0] ); std::cout << std::left << std::setw( 16 ) << name[0] << std::setw( 8 ) << code; if( code == std::string( name[1] )) std::cout << " ok"; else std::cout << " ERROR: " << name[1] << " expected"; std::cout << std::endl; } return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import "C" import "unsafe" var rot = 0.0 var matCol = [4]C.float{1, 0, 0, 0} func display() { C.glClear(C.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | C.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) C.glPushMatrix() C.glRotatef(30, 1, 1, 0) C.glRotatef(C.float(rot), 0, 1, 1) C.glMaterialfv(C.GL_FRONT, C.GL_DIFFUSE, &matCol[0]) C.glutWireTeapot(0.5) C.glPopMatrix() C.glFlush() } func onIdle() { rot += 0.01 C.glutPostRedisplay() } func initialize() { white := [4]C.float{1, 1, 1, 0} shini := [1]C.float{70} C.glClearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0) C.glShadeModel(C.GL_SMOOTH) C.glLightfv(C.GL_LIGHT0, C.GL_AMBIENT, &white[0]) C.glLightfv(C.GL_LIGHT0, C.GL_DIFFUSE, &white[0]) C.glMaterialfv(C.GL_FRONT, C.GL_SHININESS, &shini[0]) C.glEnable(C.GL_LIGHTING) C.glEnable(C.GL_LIGHT0) C.glEnable(C.GL_DEPTH_TEST) } func main() { argc := C.int(0) C.glutInit(&argc, nil) C.glutInitDisplayMode(C.GLUT_SINGLE | C.GLUT_RGB | C.GLUT_DEPTH) C.glutInitWindowSize(900, 700) tl := "The Amazing, Rotating Utah Teapot brought to you in OpenGL via freeglut." tlc := C.CString(tl) C.glutCreateWindow(tlc) initialize() C.glutDisplayFunc(C.displayFunc()) C.glutIdleFunc(C.idleFunc()) C.glutMainLoop() C.free(unsafe.Pointer(tlc)) }
#include<gl/freeglut.h> double rot = 0; float matCol[] = {1,0,0,0}; void display(){ glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glPushMatrix(); glRotatef(30,1,1,0); glRotatef(rot,0,1,1); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,matCol); glutWireTeapot(0.5); glPopMatrix(); glFlush(); } void onIdle(){ rot += 0.01; glutPostRedisplay(); } void init(){ float pos[] = {1,1,1,0}; float white[] = {1,1,1,0}; float shini[] = {70}; glClearColor(.5,.5,.5,0); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,white); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,white); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,shini); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); } int main(int argC, char* argV[]) { glutInit(&argC,argV); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(900,700); glutCreateWindow("The Amazing, Rotating Utah Teapot brought to you in OpenGL via freeglut."); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutIdleFunc(onIdle); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }
Maintain the same structure and functionality when rewriting this code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) const DMAX = 20 const LIMIT = 20 func main() { EXP := make([][]uint64, 1+DMAX) POW := make([][]uint64, 1+DMAX) EXP[0] = make([]uint64, 11) EXP[1] = make([]uint64, 11) POW[0] = make([]uint64, 11) POW[1] = make([]uint64, 11) for i := uint64(1); i <= 10; i++ { EXP[1][i] = i } for i := uint64(1); i <= 9; i++ { POW[1][i] = i } POW[1][10] = 9 for i := 2; i <= DMAX; i++ { EXP[i] = make([]uint64, 11) POW[i] = make([]uint64, 11) } for i := 1; i < DMAX; i++ { for j := 0; j <= 9; j++ { EXP[i+1][j] = EXP[i][j] * 10 POW[i+1][j] = POW[i][j] * uint64(j) } EXP[i+1][10] = EXP[i][10] * 10 POW[i+1][10] = POW[i][10] + POW[i+1][9] } DIGITS := make([]int, 1+DMAX) Exp := make([]uint64, 1+DMAX) Pow := make([]uint64, 1+DMAX) var exp, pow, min, max uint64 start := 1 final := DMAX count := 0 for digit := start; digit <= final; digit++ { fmt.Println("# of digits:", digit) level := 1 DIGITS[0] = 0 for { for 0 < level && level < digit { if DIGITS[level] > 9 { DIGITS[level] = 0 level-- DIGITS[level]++ continue } Exp[level] = Exp[level-1] + EXP[level][DIGITS[level]] Pow[level] = Pow[level-1] + POW[digit+1-level][DIGITS[level]] pow = Pow[level] + POW[digit-level][10] if pow < EXP[digit][1] { DIGITS[level]++ continue } max = pow % EXP[level][10] pow -= max if max < Exp[level] { pow -= EXP[level][10] } max = pow + Exp[level] if max < EXP[digit][1] { DIGITS[level]++ continue } exp = Exp[level] + EXP[digit][1] pow = Pow[level] + 1 if exp > max || max < pow { DIGITS[level]++ continue } if pow > exp { min = pow % EXP[level][10] pow -= min if min > Exp[level] { pow += EXP[level][10] } min = pow + Exp[level] } else { min = exp } if max < min { DIGITS[level]++ } else { level++ } } if level < 1 { break } Exp[level] = Exp[level-1] + EXP[level][DIGITS[level]] Pow[level] = Pow[level-1] + POW[digit+1-level][DIGITS[level]] for DIGITS[level] < 10 { if Exp[level] == Pow[level] { s := "" for i := DMAX; i > 0; i-- { s += fmt.Sprintf("%d", DIGITS[i]) } n, _ := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64) fmt.Println(n) count++ if count == LIMIT { fmt.Println("\nFound the first", LIMIT, "Disarium numbers.") return } } DIGITS[level]++ Exp[level] += EXP[level][1] Pow[level]++ } DIGITS[level] = 0 level-- DIGITS[level]++ } fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> int power (int base, int exponent) { int result = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= exponent; i++) { result *= base; } return result; } int is_disarium (int num) { int n = num; int sum = 0; int len = n <= 9 ? 1 : floor(log10(n)) + 1; while (n > 0) { sum += power(n % 10, len); n /= 10; len--; } return num == sum; } int main() { int count = 0; int i = 0; while (count < 19) { if (is_disarium(i)) { printf("%d ", i); count++; } i++; } printf("%s\n", "\n"); }
Produce a language-to-language conversion: from Go to C, same semantics.
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) const DMAX = 20 const LIMIT = 20 func main() { EXP := make([][]uint64, 1+DMAX) POW := make([][]uint64, 1+DMAX) EXP[0] = make([]uint64, 11) EXP[1] = make([]uint64, 11) POW[0] = make([]uint64, 11) POW[1] = make([]uint64, 11) for i := uint64(1); i <= 10; i++ { EXP[1][i] = i } for i := uint64(1); i <= 9; i++ { POW[1][i] = i } POW[1][10] = 9 for i := 2; i <= DMAX; i++ { EXP[i] = make([]uint64, 11) POW[i] = make([]uint64, 11) } for i := 1; i < DMAX; i++ { for j := 0; j <= 9; j++ { EXP[i+1][j] = EXP[i][j] * 10 POW[i+1][j] = POW[i][j] * uint64(j) } EXP[i+1][10] = EXP[i][10] * 10 POW[i+1][10] = POW[i][10] + POW[i+1][9] } DIGITS := make([]int, 1+DMAX) Exp := make([]uint64, 1+DMAX) Pow := make([]uint64, 1+DMAX) var exp, pow, min, max uint64 start := 1 final := DMAX count := 0 for digit := start; digit <= final; digit++ { fmt.Println("# of digits:", digit) level := 1 DIGITS[0] = 0 for { for 0 < level && level < digit { if DIGITS[level] > 9 { DIGITS[level] = 0 level-- DIGITS[level]++ continue } Exp[level] = Exp[level-1] + EXP[level][DIGITS[level]] Pow[level] = Pow[level-1] + POW[digit+1-level][DIGITS[level]] pow = Pow[level] + POW[digit-level][10] if pow < EXP[digit][1] { DIGITS[level]++ continue } max = pow % EXP[level][10] pow -= max if max < Exp[level] { pow -= EXP[level][10] } max = pow + Exp[level] if max < EXP[digit][1] { DIGITS[level]++ continue } exp = Exp[level] + EXP[digit][1] pow = Pow[level] + 1 if exp > max || max < pow { DIGITS[level]++ continue } if pow > exp { min = pow % EXP[level][10] pow -= min if min > Exp[level] { pow += EXP[level][10] } min = pow + Exp[level] } else { min = exp } if max < min { DIGITS[level]++ } else { level++ } } if level < 1 { break } Exp[level] = Exp[level-1] + EXP[level][DIGITS[level]] Pow[level] = Pow[level-1] + POW[digit+1-level][DIGITS[level]] for DIGITS[level] < 10 { if Exp[level] == Pow[level] { s := "" for i := DMAX; i > 0; i-- { s += fmt.Sprintf("%d", DIGITS[i]) } n, _ := strconv.ParseUint(s, 10, 64) fmt.Println(n) count++ if count == LIMIT { fmt.Println("\nFound the first", LIMIT, "Disarium numbers.") return } } DIGITS[level]++ Exp[level] += EXP[level][1] Pow[level]++ } DIGITS[level] = 0 level-- DIGITS[level]++ } fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> int power (int base, int exponent) { int result = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= exponent; i++) { result *= base; } return result; } int is_disarium (int num) { int n = num; int sum = 0; int len = n <= 9 ? 1 : floor(log10(n)) + 1; while (n > 0) { sum += power(n % 10, len); n /= 10; len--; } return num == sum; } int main() { int count = 0; int i = 0; while (count < 19) { if (is_disarium(i)) { printf("%d ", i); count++; } i++; } printf("%s\n", "\n"); }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "image/color" "math" ) var ( red = color.RGBA{255, 0, 0, 255} green = color.RGBA{0, 255, 0, 255} blue = color.RGBA{0, 0, 255, 255} magenta = color.RGBA{255, 0, 255, 255} cyan = color.RGBA{0, 255, 255, 255} ) var ( w, h = 640, 640 dc = gg.NewContext(w, h) deg72 = gg.Radians(72) scaleFactor = 1 / (2 + math.Cos(deg72)*2) palette = [5]color.Color{red, green, blue, magenta, cyan} colorIndex = 0 ) func drawPentagon(x, y, side float64, depth int) { angle := 3 * deg72 if depth == 0 { dc.MoveTo(x, y) for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { x += math.Cos(angle) * side y -= math.Sin(angle) * side dc.LineTo(x, y) angle += deg72 } dc.SetColor(palette[colorIndex]) dc.Fill() colorIndex = (colorIndex + 1) % 5 } else { side *= scaleFactor dist := side * (1 + math.Cos(deg72)*2) for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { x += math.Cos(angle) * dist y -= math.Sin(angle) * dist drawPentagon(x, y, side, depth-1) angle += deg72 } } } func main() { dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() order := 5 hw := float64(w / 2) margin := 20.0 radius := hw - 2*margin side := radius * math.Sin(math.Pi/5) * 2 drawPentagon(hw, 3*margin, side, order-1) dc.SavePNG("sierpinski_pentagon.png") }
#include<graphics.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> #include<time.h> #define pi M_PI int main(){ time_t t; double side, **vertices,seedX,seedY,windowSide = 500,sumX=0,sumY=0; int i,iter,choice,numSides; printf("Enter number of sides : "); scanf("%d",&numSides); printf("Enter polygon side length : "); scanf("%lf",&side); printf("Enter number of iterations : "); scanf("%d",&iter); initwindow(windowSide,windowSide,"Polygon Chaos"); vertices = (double**)malloc(numSides*sizeof(double*)); for(i=0;i<numSides;i++){ vertices[i] = (double*)malloc(2 * sizeof(double)); vertices[i][0] = windowSide/2 + side*cos(i*2*pi/numSides); vertices[i][1] = windowSide/2 + side*sin(i*2*pi/numSides); sumX+= vertices[i][0]; sumY+= vertices[i][1]; putpixel(vertices[i][0],vertices[i][1],15); } srand((unsigned)time(&t)); seedX = sumX/numSides; seedY = sumY/numSides; putpixel(seedX,seedY,15); for(i=0;i<iter;i++){ choice = rand()%numSides; seedX = (seedX + (numSides-2)*vertices[choice][0])/(numSides-1); seedY = (seedY + (numSides-2)*vertices[choice][1])/(numSides-1); putpixel(seedX,seedY,15); } free(vertices); getch(); closegraph(); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) func main() { numbers1 := [5]int{5, 45, 23, 21, 67} numbers2 := [5]int{43, 22, 78, 46, 38} numbers3 := [5]int{9, 98, 12, 54, 53} primes := [5]int{} for n := 0; n < 5; n++ { max := rcu.Max(rcu.Max(numbers1[n], numbers2[n]), numbers3[n]) if max % 2 == 0 { max++ } for !rcu.IsPrime(max) { max += 2 } primes[n] = max } fmt.Println(primes) }
#include <stdio.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 int isPrime(int n) { int d; if (n < 2) return FALSE; if (n%2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n%3 == 0) return n == 3; d = 5; while (d*d <= n) { if (!(n%d)) return FALSE; d += 2; if (!(n%d)) return FALSE; d += 4; } return TRUE; } int max(int a, int b) { if (a > b) return a; return b; } int main() { int n, m; int numbers1[5] = { 5, 45, 23, 21, 67}; int numbers2[5] = {43, 22, 78, 46, 38}; int numbers3[5] = { 9, 98, 12, 54, 53}; int primes[5] = {}; for (n = 0; n < 5; ++n) { m = max(max(numbers1[n], numbers2[n]), numbers3[n]); if (!(m % 2)) m++; while (!isPrime(m)) m += 2; primes[n] = m; printf("%d ", primes[n]); } printf("\n"); return 0; }
Generate a C translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package raster import "math" func (g *Grmap) Histogram(bins int) []int { if bins <= 0 { bins = g.cols } h := make([]int, bins) for _, p := range g.px { h[int(p)*(bins-1)/math.MaxUint16]++ } return h } func (g *Grmap) Threshold(t uint16) { for i, p := range g.px { if p < t { g.px[i] = 0 } else { g.px[i] = math.MaxUint16 } } }
typedef unsigned int histogram_t; typedef histogram_t *histogram; #define GET_LUM(IMG, X, Y) ( (IMG)->buf[ (Y) * (IMG)->width + (X)][0] ) histogram get_histogram(grayimage im); luminance histogram_median(histogram h);
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import "fmt" func padovanN(n, t int) []int { if n < 2 || t < 3 { ones := make([]int, t) for i := 0; i < t; i++ { ones[i] = 1 } return ones } p := padovanN(n-1, t) for i := n + 1; i < t; i++ { p[i] = 0 for j := i - 2; j >= i-n-1; j-- { p[i] += p[j] } } return p } func main() { t := 15 fmt.Println("First", t, "terms of the Padovan n-step number sequences:") for n := 2; n <= 8; n++ { fmt.Printf("%d: %3d\n", n, padovanN(n, t)) } }
#include <stdio.h> void padovanN(int n, size_t t, int *p) { int i, j; if (n < 2 || t < 3) { for (i = 0; i < t; ++i) p[i] = 1; return; } padovanN(n-1, t, p); for (i = n + 1; i < t; ++i) { p[i] = 0; for (j = i - 2; j >= i - n - 1; --j) p[i] += p[j]; } } int main() { int n, i; const size_t t = 15; int p[t]; printf("First %ld terms of the Padovan n-step number sequences:\n", t); for (n = 2; n <= 8; ++n) { for (i = 0; i < t; ++i) p[i] = 0; padovanN(n, t, p); printf("%d: ", n); for (i = 0; i < t; ++i) printf("%3d ", p[i]); printf("\n"); } return 0; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" "time" ) var value int var m sync.Mutex var wg sync.WaitGroup func slowInc() { m.Lock() v := value time.Sleep(1e8) value = v+1 m.Unlock() wg.Done() } func main() { wg.Add(2) go slowInc() go slowInc() wg.Wait() fmt.Println(value) }
HANDLE hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func main() { var bpm = 72.0 var bpb = 4 d := time.Duration(float64(time.Minute) / bpm) fmt.Println("Delay:", d) t := time.NewTicker(d) i := 1 for _ = range t.C { i-- if i == 0 { i = bpb fmt.Printf("\nTICK ") } else { fmt.Printf("tick ") } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <signal.h> #include <time.h> #include <sys/time.h> struct timeval start, last; inline int64_t tv_to_u(struct timeval s) { return s.tv_sec * 1000000 + s.tv_usec; } inline struct timeval u_to_tv(int64_t x) { struct timeval s; s.tv_sec = x / 1000000; s.tv_usec = x % 1000000; return s; } void draw(int dir, int64_t period, int64_t cur, int64_t next) { int len = 40 * (next - cur) / period; int s, i; if (len > 20) len = 40 - len; s = 20 + (dir ? len : -len); printf("\033[H"); for (i = 0; i <= 40; i++) putchar(i == 20 ? '|': i == s ? '#' : '-'); } void beat(int delay) { struct timeval tv = start; int dir = 0; int64_t d = 0, corr = 0, slp, cur, next = tv_to_u(start) + delay; int64_t draw_interval = 20000; printf("\033[H\033[J"); while (1) { gettimeofday(&tv, 0); slp = next - tv_to_u(tv) - corr; usleep(slp); gettimeofday(&tv, 0); putchar(7); fflush(stdout); printf("\033[5;1Hdrift: %d compensate: %d (usec) ", (int)d, (int)corr); dir = !dir; cur = tv_to_u(tv); d = cur - next; corr = (corr + d) / 2; next += delay; while (cur + d + draw_interval < next) { usleep(draw_interval); gettimeofday(&tv, 0); cur = tv_to_u(tv); draw(dir, delay, cur, next); fflush(stdout); } } } int main(int c, char**v) { int bpm; if (c < 2 || (bpm = atoi(v[1])) <= 0) bpm = 60; if (bpm > 600) { fprintf(stderr, "frequency %d too high\n", bpm); exit(1); } gettimeofday(&start, 0); last = start; beat(60 * 1000000 / bpm); return 0; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { if len(os.Args) > 1 { fmt.Println(os.Args[1]) } }
#!/usr/local/bin/script_gcc.sh #include <errno.h> #include <libgen.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <unistd.h> typedef char *STRING; typedef enum{FALSE=0, TRUE=1} BOOL; const STRING ENDCAT = NULL; #define DIALECT "c" const STRING CC="gcc", COPTS="-lm -x "DIALECT, IEXT="."DIALECT, OEXT=".out"; const BOOL OPT_CACHE = TRUE; char strcat_out[BUFSIZ]; STRING STRCAT(STRING argv, ... ){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, argv); STRING arg; strcat_out[0]='\0'; for(arg=argv; arg != ENDCAT; arg=va_arg(ap, STRING)){ strncat(strcat_out, arg, sizeof strcat_out); } va_end(ap); return strndup(strcat_out, sizeof strcat_out); } char itoa_out[BUFSIZ]; STRING itoa_(int i){ sprintf(itoa_out, "%d", i); return itoa_out; } time_t modtime(STRING filename){ struct stat buf; if(stat(filename, &buf) != EXIT_SUCCESS)perror(filename); return buf.st_mtime; } BOOL compile(STRING srcpath, STRING binpath){ int out; STRING compiler_command=STRCAT(CC, " ", COPTS, " -o ", binpath, " -", ENDCAT); FILE *src=fopen(srcpath, "r"), *compiler=popen(compiler_command, "w"); char buf[BUFSIZ]; BOOL shebang; for(shebang=TRUE; fgets(buf, sizeof buf, src); shebang=FALSE) if(!shebang)fwrite(buf, strlen(buf), 1, compiler); out=pclose(compiler); return out; } void main(int argc, STRING *argv, STRING *envp){ STRING binpath, srcpath=argv[1], argv0_basename=STRCAT(basename((char*)srcpath ), ENDCAT), *dirnamew, *dirnamex; argv++; STRING paths[] = { dirname(strdup(srcpath)), STRCAT(getenv("HOME"), "/bin", ENDCAT), "/usr/local/bin", ".", STRCAT(getenv("HOME"), "/tmp", ENDCAT), getenv("HOME"), STRCAT(getenv("HOME"), "/Desktop", ENDCAT), ENDCAT }; for(dirnamew = paths; *dirnamew; dirnamew++){ if(access(*dirnamew, W_OK) == EXIT_SUCCESS) break; } if(OPT_CACHE == FALSE){ binpath=STRCAT(*dirnamew, "/", argv0_basename, itoa_(getpid()), OEXT, ENDCAT); if(compile(srcpath, binpath) == EXIT_SUCCESS){ if(fork()){ sleep(0.1); unlink(binpath); } else { execvp(binpath, argv); } } } else { time_t modtime_srcpath = modtime(srcpath); for(dirnamex = paths; *dirnamex; dirnamex++){ binpath=STRCAT(*dirnamex, "/", argv0_basename, OEXT, ENDCAT); if((access(binpath, X_OK) == EXIT_SUCCESS) && (modtime(binpath) >= modtime_srcpath)) execvp(binpath, argv); } } binpath=STRCAT(*dirnamew, "/", argv0_basename, OEXT, ENDCAT); if(compile(srcpath, binpath) == EXIT_SUCCESS) execvp(binpath, argv); perror(STRCAT(binpath, ": executable not available", ENDCAT)); exit(errno); }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { if len(os.Args) > 1 { fmt.Println(os.Args[1]) } }
#!/usr/local/bin/script_gcc.sh #include <errno.h> #include <libgen.h> #include <stdarg.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <unistd.h> typedef char *STRING; typedef enum{FALSE=0, TRUE=1} BOOL; const STRING ENDCAT = NULL; #define DIALECT "c" const STRING CC="gcc", COPTS="-lm -x "DIALECT, IEXT="."DIALECT, OEXT=".out"; const BOOL OPT_CACHE = TRUE; char strcat_out[BUFSIZ]; STRING STRCAT(STRING argv, ... ){ va_list ap; va_start(ap, argv); STRING arg; strcat_out[0]='\0'; for(arg=argv; arg != ENDCAT; arg=va_arg(ap, STRING)){ strncat(strcat_out, arg, sizeof strcat_out); } va_end(ap); return strndup(strcat_out, sizeof strcat_out); } char itoa_out[BUFSIZ]; STRING itoa_(int i){ sprintf(itoa_out, "%d", i); return itoa_out; } time_t modtime(STRING filename){ struct stat buf; if(stat(filename, &buf) != EXIT_SUCCESS)perror(filename); return buf.st_mtime; } BOOL compile(STRING srcpath, STRING binpath){ int out; STRING compiler_command=STRCAT(CC, " ", COPTS, " -o ", binpath, " -", ENDCAT); FILE *src=fopen(srcpath, "r"), *compiler=popen(compiler_command, "w"); char buf[BUFSIZ]; BOOL shebang; for(shebang=TRUE; fgets(buf, sizeof buf, src); shebang=FALSE) if(!shebang)fwrite(buf, strlen(buf), 1, compiler); out=pclose(compiler); return out; } void main(int argc, STRING *argv, STRING *envp){ STRING binpath, srcpath=argv[1], argv0_basename=STRCAT(basename((char*)srcpath ), ENDCAT), *dirnamew, *dirnamex; argv++; STRING paths[] = { dirname(strdup(srcpath)), STRCAT(getenv("HOME"), "/bin", ENDCAT), "/usr/local/bin", ".", STRCAT(getenv("HOME"), "/tmp", ENDCAT), getenv("HOME"), STRCAT(getenv("HOME"), "/Desktop", ENDCAT), ENDCAT }; for(dirnamew = paths; *dirnamew; dirnamew++){ if(access(*dirnamew, W_OK) == EXIT_SUCCESS) break; } if(OPT_CACHE == FALSE){ binpath=STRCAT(*dirnamew, "/", argv0_basename, itoa_(getpid()), OEXT, ENDCAT); if(compile(srcpath, binpath) == EXIT_SUCCESS){ if(fork()){ sleep(0.1); unlink(binpath); } else { execvp(binpath, argv); } } } else { time_t modtime_srcpath = modtime(srcpath); for(dirnamex = paths; *dirnamex; dirnamex++){ binpath=STRCAT(*dirnamex, "/", argv0_basename, OEXT, ENDCAT); if((access(binpath, X_OK) == EXIT_SUCCESS) && (modtime(binpath) >= modtime_srcpath)) execvp(binpath, argv); } } binpath=STRCAT(*dirnamew, "/", argv0_basename, OEXT, ENDCAT); if(compile(srcpath, binpath) == EXIT_SUCCESS) execvp(binpath, argv); perror(STRCAT(binpath, ": executable not available", ENDCAT)); exit(errno); }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "sort" ) func contains(a []int, b int) bool { for _, j := range a { if j == b { return true } } return false } func gcd(a, b int) int { for a != b { if a > b { a -= b } else { b -= a } } return a } func areSame(s, t []int) bool { le := len(s) if le != len(t) { return false } sort.Ints(s) sort.Ints(t) for i := 0; i < le; i++ { if s[i] != t[i] { return false } } return true } func main() { const limit = 100 starts := [5]int{2, 5, 7, 9, 10} var ekg [5][limit]int for s, start := range starts { ekg[s][0] = 1 ekg[s][1] = start for n := 2; n < limit; n++ { for i := 2; ; i++ { if !contains(ekg[s][:n], i) && gcd(ekg[s][n-1], i) > 1 { ekg[s][n] = i break } } } fmt.Printf("EKG(%2d): %v\n", start, ekg[s][:30]) } for i := 2; i < limit; i++ { if ekg[1][i] == ekg[2][i] && areSame(ekg[1][:i], ekg[2][:i]) { fmt.Println("\nEKG(5) and EKG(7) converge at term", i+1) return } } fmt.Println("\nEKG5(5) and EKG(7) do not converge within", limit, "terms") }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define LIMIT 100 typedef int bool; int compareInts(const void *a, const void *b) { int aa = *(int *)a; int bb = *(int *)b; return aa - bb; } bool contains(int a[], int b, size_t len) { int i; for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (a[i] == b) return TRUE; } return FALSE; } int gcd(int a, int b) { while (a != b) { if (a > b) a -= b; else b -= a; } return a; } bool areSame(int s[], int t[], size_t len) { int i; qsort(s, len, sizeof(int), compareInts); qsort(t, len, sizeof(int), compareInts); for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) { if (s[i] != t[i]) return FALSE; } return TRUE; } int main() { int s, n, i; int starts[5] = {2, 5, 7, 9, 10}; int ekg[5][LIMIT]; for (s = 0; s < 5; ++s) { ekg[s][0] = 1; ekg[s][1] = starts[s]; for (n = 2; n < LIMIT; ++n) { for (i = 2; ; ++i) { if (!contains(ekg[s], i, n) && gcd(ekg[s][n - 1], i) > 1) { ekg[s][n] = i; break; } } } printf("EKG(%2d): [", starts[s]); for (i = 0; i < 30; ++i) printf("%d ", ekg[s][i]); printf("\b]\n"); } for (i = 2; i < LIMIT; ++i) { if (ekg[1][i] == ekg[2][i] && areSame(ekg[1], ekg[2], i)) { printf("\nEKG(5) and EKG(7) converge at term %d\n", i + 1); return 0; } } printf("\nEKG5(5) and EKG(7) do not converge within %d terms\n", LIMIT); return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" ) func rep(s string) int { for x := len(s) / 2; x > 0; x-- { if strings.HasPrefix(s, s[x:]) { return x } } return 0 } const m = ` 1001110011 1110111011 0010010010 1010101010 1111111111 0100101101 0100100 101 11 00 1` func main() { for _, s := range strings.Fields(m) { if n := rep(s); n > 0 { fmt.Printf("%q %d rep-string %q\n", s, n, s[:n]) } else { fmt.Printf("%q not a rep-string\n", s) } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int repstr(char *str) { if (!str) return 0; size_t sl = strlen(str) / 2; while (sl > 0) { if (strstr(str, str + sl) == str) return sl; --sl; } return 0; } int main(void) { char *strs[] = { "1001110011", "1110111011", "0010010010", "1111111111", "0100101101", "0100100", "101", "11", "00", "1" }; size_t strslen = sizeof(strs) / sizeof(strs[0]); size_t i; for (i = 0; i < strslen; ++i) { int n = repstr(strs[i]); if (n) printf("\"%s\" = rep-string \"%.*s\"\n", strs[i], n, strs[i]); else printf("\"%s\" = not a rep-string\n", strs[i]); } return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func main() { fmt.Print("\033[?1049h\033[H") fmt.Println("Alternate screen buffer\n") s := "s" for i := 5; i > 0; i-- { if i == 1 { s = "" } fmt.Printf("\rgoing back in %d second%s...", i, s) time.Sleep(time.Second) } fmt.Print("\033[?1049l") }
#include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> int main() { int i; printf("\033[?1049h\033[H"); printf("Alternate screen buffer\n"); for (i = 5; i; i--) { printf("\rgoing back in %d...", i); fflush(stdout); sleep(1); } printf("\033[?1049l"); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
ch := 'z' ch = 122 ch = '\x7a' ch = '\u007a' ch = '\U0000007a' ch = '\172'
char ch = 'z';
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "bytes" "fmt" "io/ioutil" "log" "unicode/utf8" ) func hammingDist(s1, s2 string) int { r1 := []rune(s1) r2 := []rune(s2) if len(r1) != len(r2) { return 0 } count := 0 for i := 0; i < len(r1); i++ { if r1[i] != r2[i] { count++ if count == 2 { break } } } return count } func main() { wordList := "unixdict.txt" b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(wordList) if err != nil { log.Fatal("Error reading file") } bwords := bytes.Fields(b) var words []string for _, bword := range bwords { s := string(bword) if utf8.RuneCountInString(s) > 11 { words = append(words, s) } } count := 0 fmt.Println("Changeable words in", wordList, "\b:") for _, word1 := range words { for _, word2 := range words { if word1 != word2 && hammingDist(word1, word2) == 1 { count++ fmt.Printf("%2d: %-14s -> %s\n", count, word1, word2) } } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #define MAX_WORD_SIZE 32 typedef struct string_tag { size_t length; char str[MAX_WORD_SIZE]; } string_t; void fatal(const char* message) { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", message); exit(1); } void* xmalloc(size_t n) { void* ptr = malloc(n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } void* xrealloc(void* p, size_t n) { void* ptr = realloc(p, n); if (ptr == NULL) fatal("Out of memory"); return ptr; } int hamming_distance(const string_t* str1, const string_t* str2) { size_t len1 = str1->length; size_t len2 = str2->length; if (len1 != len2) return 0; int count = 0; const char* s1 = str1->str; const char* s2 = str2->str; for (size_t i = 0; i < len1; ++i) { if (s1[i] != s2[i]) ++count; if (count == 2) break; } return count; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { const char* filename = argc < 2 ? "unixdict.txt" : argv[1]; FILE* in = fopen(filename, "r"); if (!in) { perror(filename); return EXIT_FAILURE; } char line[MAX_WORD_SIZE]; size_t size = 0, capacity = 1024; string_t* dictionary = xmalloc(sizeof(string_t) * capacity); while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), in)) { if (size == capacity) { capacity *= 2; dictionary = xrealloc(dictionary, sizeof(string_t) * capacity); } size_t len = strlen(line) - 1; if (len > 11) { string_t* str = &dictionary[size]; str->length = len; memcpy(str->str, line, len); str->str[len] = '\0'; ++size; } } fclose(in); printf("Changeable words in %s:\n", filename); int n = 1; for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) { const string_t* str1 = &dictionary[i]; for (size_t j = 0; j < size; ++j) { const string_t* str2 = &dictionary[j]; if (i != j && hamming_distance(str1, str2) == 1) printf("%2d: %-14s -> %s\n", n++, str1->str, str2->str); } } free(dictionary); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import ( "github.com/gotk3/gotk3/gtk" "log" "time" ) func check(err error, msg string) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(msg, err) } } func main() { gtk.Init(nil) window, err := gtk.WindowNew(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) check(err, "Unable to create window:") window.SetResizable(true) window.SetTitle("Window management") window.SetBorderWidth(5) window.Connect("destroy", func() { gtk.MainQuit() }) stackbox, err := gtk.BoxNew(gtk.ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 10) check(err, "Unable to create stack box:") bmax, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Maximize") check(err, "Unable to create maximize button:") bmax.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Maximize() }) bunmax, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Unmaximize") check(err, "Unable to create unmaximize button:") bunmax.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Unmaximize() }) bicon, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Iconize") check(err, "Unable to create iconize button:") bicon.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Iconify() }) bdeicon, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Deiconize") check(err, "Unable to create deiconize button:") bdeicon.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Deiconify() }) bhide, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Hide") check(err, "Unable to create hide button:") bhide.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Hide() time.Sleep(10 * time.Second) window.Show() }) bshow, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Show") check(err, "Unable to create show button:") bshow.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Show() }) bmove, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Move") check(err, "Unable to create move button:") isShifted := false bmove.Connect("clicked", func() { w, h := window.GetSize() if isShifted { window.Move(w-10, h-10) } else { window.Move(w+10, h+10) } isShifted = !isShifted }) bquit, err := gtk.ButtonNewWithLabel("Quit") check(err, "Unable to create quit button:") bquit.Connect("clicked", func() { window.Destroy() }) stackbox.PackStart(bmax, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bunmax, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bicon, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bdeicon, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bhide, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bshow, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bmove, true, true, 0) stackbox.PackStart(bquit, true, true, 0) window.Add(stackbox) window.ShowAll() gtk.Main() }
#include<windows.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdio.h> const char g_szClassName[] = "weirdWindow"; LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(msg) { case WM_CLOSE: DestroyWindow(hwnd); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { WNDCLASSEX wc; HWND hwnd[3]; MSG Msg; int i,x=0,y=0; char str[3][100]; int maxX = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), maxY = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN); char messages[15][180] = {"Welcome to the Rosettacode Window C implementation.", "If you can see two blank windows just behind this message box, you are in luck.", "Let's get started....", "Yes, you will be seeing a lot of me :)", "Now to get started with the tasks, the windows here are stored in an array of type HWND, the array is called hwnd (yes, I know it's very innovative.)", "Let's compare the windows for equality.", "Now let's hide Window 1.", "Now let's see Window 1 again.", "Let's close Window 2, bye, bye, Number 2 !", "Let's minimize Window 1.", "Now let's maximize Window 1.", "And finally we come to the fun part, watch Window 1 move !", "Let's double Window 1 in size for all the good work.", "That's all folks ! (You still have to close that window, that was not part of the contract, sue me :D )"}; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = 0; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = g_szClassName; wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!", "Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; } for(i=0;i<2;i++){ sprintf(str[i],"Window Number %d",i+1); hwnd[i] = CreateWindow(g_szClassName,str[i],WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,i*maxX/2 , 0, maxX/2-10, maxY/2-10,NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if(hwnd[i] == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!",MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; } ShowWindow(hwnd[i], nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd[i]); } for(i=0;i<6;i++){ MessageBox(NULL, messages[i], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); } if(hwnd[0]==hwnd[1]) MessageBox(NULL, "Window 1 and 2 are equal.", "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); else MessageBox(NULL, "Nope, they are not.", "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); MessageBox(NULL, messages[6], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); ShowWindow(hwnd[0], SW_HIDE); MessageBox(NULL, messages[7], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); ShowWindow(hwnd[0], SW_SHOW); MessageBox(NULL, messages[8], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); ShowWindow(hwnd[1], SW_HIDE); MessageBox(NULL, messages[9], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); ShowWindow(hwnd[0], SW_MINIMIZE); MessageBox(NULL, messages[10], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); ShowWindow(hwnd[0], SW_MAXIMIZE); MessageBox(NULL, messages[11], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); ShowWindow(hwnd[0], SW_RESTORE); while(x!=maxX/2||y!=maxY/2){ if(x<maxX/2) x++; if(y<maxY/2) y++; MoveWindow(hwnd[0],x,y,maxX/2-10, maxY/2-10,0); sleep(10); } MessageBox(NULL, messages[12], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); MoveWindow(hwnd[0],0,0,maxX, maxY,0); MessageBox(NULL, messages[13], "Info",MB_APPLMODAL| MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK); while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); } return Msg.wParam; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import "fmt" type mlist struct{ value []int } func (m mlist) bind(f func(lst []int) mlist) mlist { return f(m.value) } func unit(lst []int) mlist { return mlist{lst} } func increment(lst []int) mlist { lst2 := make([]int, len(lst)) for i, v := range lst { lst2[i] = v + 1 } return unit(lst2) } func double(lst []int) mlist { lst2 := make([]int, len(lst)) for i, v := range lst { lst2[i] = 2 * v } return unit(lst2) } func main() { ml1 := unit([]int{3, 4, 5}) ml2 := ml1.bind(increment).bind(double) fmt.Printf("%v -> %v\n", ml1.value, ml2.value) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MONAD void* #define INTBIND(f, g, x) (f((int*)g(x))) #define RETURN(type,x) &((type)*)(x) MONAD boundInt(int *x) { return (MONAD)(x); } MONAD boundInt2str(int *x) { char buf[100]; char*str= malloc(1+sprintf(buf, "%d", *x)); sprintf(str, "%d", *x); return (MONAD)(str); } void task(int y) { char *z= INTBIND(boundInt2str, boundInt, &y); printf("%s\n", z); free(z); } int main() { task(13); }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" ) func main() { var squares []int limit := int(math.Sqrt(1000)) i := 1 for i <= limit { n := i * i if rcu.IsPrime(n + 1) { squares = append(squares, n) } if i == 1 { i = 2 } else { i += 2 } } fmt.Println("There are", len(squares), "square numbers 'n' where 'n+1' is prime, viz:") fmt.Println(squares) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <math.h> #define MAX 1000 void sieve(int n, bool *prime) { prime[0] = prime[1] = false; for (int i=2; i<=n; i++) prime[i] = true; for (int p=2; p*p<=n; p++) if (prime[p]) for (int c=p*p; c<=n; c+=p) prime[c] = false; } bool square(int n) { int sq = sqrt(n); return (sq * sq == n); } int main() { bool prime[MAX + 1]; sieve(MAX, prime); for (int i=2; i<=MAX; i++) if (prime[i]) { int sq = i-1; if (square(sq)) printf("%d ", sq); } printf("\n"); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "rcu" ) func main() { var squares []int limit := int(math.Sqrt(1000)) i := 1 for i <= limit { n := i * i if rcu.IsPrime(n + 1) { squares = append(squares, n) } if i == 1 { i = 2 } else { i += 2 } } fmt.Println("There are", len(squares), "square numbers 'n' where 'n+1' is prime, viz:") fmt.Println(squares) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <math.h> #define MAX 1000 void sieve(int n, bool *prime) { prime[0] = prime[1] = false; for (int i=2; i<=n; i++) prime[i] = true; for (int p=2; p*p<=n; p++) if (prime[p]) for (int c=p*p; c<=n; c+=p) prime[c] = false; } bool square(int n) { int sq = sqrt(n); return (sq * sq == n); } int main() { bool prime[MAX + 1]; sieve(MAX, prime); for (int i=2; i<=MAX; i++) if (prime[i]) { int sq = i-1; if (square(sq)) printf("%d ", sq); } printf("\n"); return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C while preserving the original functionality.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func main() { c := sieve(1049) fmt.Println("Special primes under 1,050:") fmt.Println("Prime1 Prime2 Gap") lastSpecial := 3 lastGap := 1 fmt.Printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", 2, 3, lastGap) for i := 5; i < 1050; i += 2 { if !c[i] && (i-lastSpecial) > lastGap { lastGap = i - lastSpecial fmt.Printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", lastSpecial, i, lastGap) lastSpecial = i } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> bool isPrime(int n) { int d; if (n < 2) return false; if (!(n%2)) return n == 2; if (!(n%3)) return n == 3; d = 5; while (d*d <= n) { if (!(n%d)) return false; d += 2; if (!(n%d)) return false; d += 4; } return true; } int main() { int i, lastSpecial = 3, lastGap = 1; printf("Special primes under 1,050:\n"); printf("Prime1 Prime2 Gap\n"); printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", 2, 3, lastGap); for (i = 5; i < 1050; i += 2) { if (isPrime(i) && (i-lastSpecial) > lastGap) { lastGap = i - lastSpecial; printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", lastSpecial, i, lastGap); lastSpecial = i; } } }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func main() { c := sieve(1049) fmt.Println("Special primes under 1,050:") fmt.Println("Prime1 Prime2 Gap") lastSpecial := 3 lastGap := 1 fmt.Printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", 2, 3, lastGap) for i := 5; i < 1050; i += 2 { if !c[i] && (i-lastSpecial) > lastGap { lastGap = i - lastSpecial fmt.Printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", lastSpecial, i, lastGap) lastSpecial = i } } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdbool.h> bool isPrime(int n) { int d; if (n < 2) return false; if (!(n%2)) return n == 2; if (!(n%3)) return n == 3; d = 5; while (d*d <= n) { if (!(n%d)) return false; d += 2; if (!(n%d)) return false; d += 4; } return true; } int main() { int i, lastSpecial = 3, lastGap = 1; printf("Special primes under 1,050:\n"); printf("Prime1 Prime2 Gap\n"); printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", 2, 3, lastGap); for (i = 5; i < 1050; i += 2) { if (isPrime(i) && (i-lastSpecial) > lastGap) { lastGap = i - lastSpecial; printf("%6d %6d %3d\n", lastSpecial, i, lastGap); lastSpecial = i; } } }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "fmt" "strconv" ) const ( ul = "╔" uc = "╦" ur = "╗" ll = "╚" lc = "╩" lr = "╝" hb = "═" vb = "║" ) var mayan = [5]string{ " ", " ∙ ", " ∙∙ ", "∙∙∙ ", "∙∙∙∙", } const ( m0 = " Θ " m5 = "────" ) func dec2vig(n uint64) []uint64 { vig := strconv.FormatUint(n, 20) res := make([]uint64, len(vig)) for i, d := range vig { res[i], _ = strconv.ParseUint(string(d), 20, 64) } return res } func vig2quin(n uint64) [4]string { if n >= 20 { panic("Cant't convert a number >= 20") } res := [4]string{mayan[0], mayan[0], mayan[0], mayan[0]} if n == 0 { res[3] = m0 return res } fives := n / 5 rem := n % 5 res[3-fives] = mayan[rem] for i := 3; i > 3-int(fives); i-- { res[i] = m5 } return res } func draw(mayans [][4]string) { lm := len(mayans) fmt.Print(ul) for i := 0; i < lm; i++ { for j := 0; j < 4; j++ { fmt.Print(hb) } if i < lm-1 { fmt.Print(uc) } else { fmt.Println(ur) } } for i := 1; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Print(vb) for j := 0; j < lm; j++ { fmt.Print(mayans[j][i-1]) fmt.Print(vb) } fmt.Println() } fmt.Print(ll) for i := 0; i < lm; i++ { for j := 0; j < 4; j++ { fmt.Print(hb) } if i < lm-1 { fmt.Print(lc) } else { fmt.Println(lr) } } } func main() { numbers := []uint64{4005, 8017, 326205, 886205, 1081439556} for _, n := range numbers { fmt.Printf("Converting %d to Mayan:\n", n) vigs := dec2vig(n) lv := len(vigs) mayans := make([][4]string, lv) for i, vig := range vigs { mayans[i] = vig2quin(vig) } draw(mayans) fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAX(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y)) #define MIN(x,y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y)) size_t base20(unsigned int n, uint8_t *out) { uint8_t *start = out; do {*out++ = n % 20;} while (n /= 20); size_t length = out - start; while (out > start) { uint8_t x = *--out; *out = *start; *start++ = x; } return length; } void make_digit(int n, char *place, size_t line_length) { static const char *parts[] = {" "," . "," .. ","... ","....","----"}; int i; for (i=4; i>0; i--, n -= 5) memcpy(place + i*line_length, parts[MAX(0, MIN(5, n))], 4); if (n == -20) place[4 * line_length + 1] = '@'; } char *mayan(unsigned int n) { if (n == 0) return NULL; uint8_t digits[15]; size_t n_digits = base20(n, digits); size_t line_length = n_digits*5 + 2; char *str = malloc(line_length * 6 + 1); if (str == NULL) return NULL; str[line_length * 6] = 0; char *ptr; unsigned int i; for (ptr=str, i=0; i<line_length; i+=5, ptr+=5) memcpy(ptr, "+----", 5); memcpy(ptr-5, "+\n", 2); memcpy(str+5*line_length, str, line_length); for (ptr=str+line_length, i=0; i<line_length; i+=5, ptr+=5) memcpy(ptr, "| ", 5); memcpy(ptr-5, "|\n", 2); memcpy(str+2*line_length, str+line_length, line_length); memcpy(str+3*line_length, str+line_length, 2*line_length); for (i=0; i<n_digits; i++) make_digit(digits[i], str+1+5*i, line_length); return str; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: mayan <number>\n"); return 1; } int i = atoi(argv[1]); if (i <= 0) { fprintf(stderr, "number must be positive\n"); return 1; } char *m = mayan(i); printf("%s",m); free(m); return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) func sf(n int) *big.Int { if n < 2 { return big.NewInt(1) } sfact := big.NewInt(1) fact := big.NewInt(1) for i := 2; i <= n; i++ { fact.Mul(fact, big.NewInt(int64(i))) sfact.Mul(sfact, fact) } return sfact } func H(n int) *big.Int { if n < 2 { return big.NewInt(1) } hfact := big.NewInt(1) for i := 2; i <= n; i++ { bi := big.NewInt(int64(i)) hfact.Mul(hfact, bi.Exp(bi, bi, nil)) } return hfact } func af(n int) *big.Int { if n < 1 { return new(big.Int) } afact := new(big.Int) fact := big.NewInt(1) sign := new(big.Int) if n%2 == 0 { sign.SetInt64(-1) } else { sign.SetInt64(1) } t := new(big.Int) for i := 1; i <= n; i++ { fact.Mul(fact, big.NewInt(int64(i))) afact.Add(afact, t.Mul(fact, sign)) sign.Neg(sign) } return afact } func ef(n int) *big.Int { if n < 1 { return big.NewInt(1) } t := big.NewInt(int64(n)) return t.Exp(t, ef(n-1), nil) } func rf(n *big.Int) int { i := 0 fact := big.NewInt(1) for { if fact.Cmp(n) == 0 { return i } if fact.Cmp(n) > 0 { return -1 } i++ fact.Mul(fact, big.NewInt(int64(i))) } } func main() { fmt.Println("First 10 superfactorials:") for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(sf(i)) } fmt.Println("\nFirst 10 hyperfactorials:") for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(H(i)) } fmt.Println("\nFirst 10 alternating factorials:") for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Print(af(i), " ") } fmt.Println("\n\nFirst 5 exponential factorials:") for i := 0; i <= 4; i++ { fmt.Print(ef(i), " ") } fmt.Println("\n\nThe number of digits in 5$ is", len(ef(5).String())) fmt.Println("\nReverse factorials:") facts := []int64{1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 40320, 362880, 3628800, 119} for _, fact := range facts { bfact := big.NewInt(fact) rfact := rf(bfact) srfact := fmt.Sprintf("%d", rfact) if rfact == -1 { srfact = "none" } fmt.Printf("%4s <- rf(%d)\n", srfact, fact) } }
#include <math.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> uint64_t factorial(int n) { uint64_t result = 1; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { result *= i; } return result; } int inverse_factorial(uint64_t f) { int p = 1; int i = 1; if (f == 1) { return 0; } while (p < f) { p *= i; i++; } if (p == f) { return i - 1; } return -1; } uint64_t super_factorial(int n) { uint64_t result = 1; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { result *= factorial(i); } return result; } uint64_t hyper_factorial(int n) { uint64_t result = 1; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { result *= (uint64_t)powl(i, i); } return result; } uint64_t alternating_factorial(int n) { uint64_t result = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if ((n - i) % 2 == 0) { result += factorial(i); } else { result -= factorial(i); } } return result; } uint64_t exponential_factorial(int n) { uint64_t result = 0; int i; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { result = (uint64_t)powl(i, (long double)result); } return result; } void test_factorial(int count, uint64_t(*func)(int), char *name) { int i; printf("First %d %s:\n", count, name); for (i = 0; i < count ; i++) { printf("%llu ", func(i)); } printf("\n"); } void test_inverse(uint64_t f) { int n = inverse_factorial(f); if (n < 0) { printf("rf(%llu) = No Solution\n", f); } else { printf("rf(%llu) = %d\n", f, n); } } int main() { int i; test_factorial(9, super_factorial, "super factorials"); printf("\n"); test_factorial(8, super_factorial, "hyper factorials"); printf("\n"); test_factorial(10, alternating_factorial, "alternating factorials"); printf("\n"); test_factorial(5, exponential_factorial, "exponential factorials"); printf("\n"); test_inverse(1); test_inverse(2); test_inverse(6); test_inverse(24); test_inverse(120); test_inverse(720); test_inverse(5040); test_inverse(40320); test_inverse(362880); test_inverse(3628800); test_inverse(119); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) const MAX = 1e7 - 1 var primes = rcu.Primes(MAX) func specialNP(limit int, showAll bool) { if showAll { fmt.Println("Neighbor primes, p1 and p2, where p1 + p2 - 1 is prime:") } count := 0 for i := 1; i < len(primes); i++ { p2 := primes[i] if p2 >= limit { break } p1 := primes[i-1] p3 := p1 + p2 - 1 if rcu.IsPrime(p3) { if showAll { fmt.Printf("(%2d, %2d) => %3d\n", p1, p2, p3) } count++ } } ccount := rcu.Commatize(count) climit := rcu.Commatize(limit) fmt.Printf("\nFound %s special neighbor primes under %s.\n", ccount, climit) } func main() { specialNP(100, true) var pow = 1000 for i := 3; i < 8; i++ { specialNP(pow, false) pow *= 10 } }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int isprime( int p ) { int i; if(p==2) return 1; if(!(p%2)) return 0; for(i=3; i*i<=p; i+=2) { if(!(p%i)) return 0; } return 1; } int nextprime( int p ) { int i=0; if(p==0) return 2; if(p<3) return p+1; while(!isprime(++i + p)); return i+p; } int main(void) { int p1, p2; for(p1=3;p1<=99;p1+=2) { p2=nextprime(p1); if(p2<100&&isprime(p1)&&isprime(p2+p1-1)) { printf( "%d + %d - 1 = %d\n", p1, p2, p1+p2-1 ); } } return 0; }
Ensure the translated C code behaves exactly like the original Go snippet.
package main import ( "fmt" "rcu" ) const MAX = 1e7 - 1 var primes = rcu.Primes(MAX) func specialNP(limit int, showAll bool) { if showAll { fmt.Println("Neighbor primes, p1 and p2, where p1 + p2 - 1 is prime:") } count := 0 for i := 1; i < len(primes); i++ { p2 := primes[i] if p2 >= limit { break } p1 := primes[i-1] p3 := p1 + p2 - 1 if rcu.IsPrime(p3) { if showAll { fmt.Printf("(%2d, %2d) => %3d\n", p1, p2, p3) } count++ } } ccount := rcu.Commatize(count) climit := rcu.Commatize(limit) fmt.Printf("\nFound %s special neighbor primes under %s.\n", ccount, climit) } func main() { specialNP(100, true) var pow = 1000 for i := 3; i < 8; i++ { specialNP(pow, false) pow *= 10 } }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int isprime( int p ) { int i; if(p==2) return 1; if(!(p%2)) return 0; for(i=3; i*i<=p; i+=2) { if(!(p%i)) return 0; } return 1; } int nextprime( int p ) { int i=0; if(p==0) return 2; if(p<3) return p+1; while(!isprime(++i + p)); return i+p; } int main(void) { int p1, p2; for(p1=3;p1<=99;p1+=2) { p2=nextprime(p1); if(p2<100&&isprime(p1)&&isprime(p2+p1-1)) { printf( "%d + %d - 1 = %d\n", p1, p2, p1+p2-1 ); } } return 0; }
Convert this Go block to C, preserving its control flow and logic.
package main import "fmt" var ( a [17][17]int idx [4]int ) func findGroup(ctype, min, max, depth int) bool { if depth == 4 { cs := "" if ctype == 0 { cs = "un" } fmt.Printf("Totally %sconnected group:", cs) for i := 0; i < 4; i++ { fmt.Printf(" %d", idx[i]) } fmt.Println() return true } for i := min; i < max; i++ { n := 0 for ; n < depth; n++ { if a[idx[n]][i] != ctype { break } } if n == depth { idx[n] = i if findGroup(ctype, 1, max, depth+1) { return true } } } return false } func main() { const mark = "01-" for i := 0; i < 17; i++ { a[i][i] = 2 } for k := 1; k <= 8; k <<= 1 { for i := 0; i < 17; i++ { j := (i + k) % 17 a[i][j], a[j][i] = 1, 1 } } for i := 0; i < 17; i++ { for j := 0; j < 17; j++ { fmt.Printf("%c ", mark[a[i][j]]) } fmt.Println() } for i := 0; i < 17; i++ { idx[0] = i if findGroup(1, i+1, 17, 1) || findGroup(0, i+1, 17, 1) { fmt.Println("No good.") return } } fmt.Println("All good.") }
#include <stdio.h> int a[17][17], idx[4]; int find_group(int type, int min_n, int max_n, int depth) { int i, n; if (depth == 4) { printf("totally %sconnected group:", type ? "" : "un"); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) printf(" %d", idx[i]); putchar('\n'); return 1; } for (i = min_n; i < max_n; i++) { for (n = 0; n < depth; n++) if (a[idx[n]][i] != type) break; if (n == depth) { idx[n] = i; if (find_group(type, 1, max_n, depth + 1)) return 1; } } return 0; } int main() { int i, j, k; const char *mark = "01-"; for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) a[i][i] = 2; for (k = 1; k <= 8; k <<= 1) { for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) { j = (i + k) % 17; a[i][j] = a[j][i] = 1; } } for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) { for (j = 0; j < 17; j++) printf("%c ", mark[a[i][j]]); putchar('\n'); } for (i = 0; i < 17; i++) { idx[0] = i; if (find_group(1, i+1, 17, 1) || find_group(0, i+1, 17, 1)) { puts("no good"); return 0; } } puts("all good"); return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C version of this Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/go-vgo/robotgo" ) func main() { w, h := robotgo.GetScreenSize() fmt.Printf("Screen size: %d x %d\n", w, h) fpid, err := robotgo.FindIds("firefox") if err == nil && len(fpid) > 0 { pid := fpid[0] robotgo.ActivePID(pid) robotgo.MaxWindow(pid) _, _, w, h = robotgo.GetBounds(pid) fmt.Printf("Max usable : %d x %d\n", w, h) } }
#include<windows.h> #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf("Dimensions of the screen are (w x h) : %d x %d pixels",GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN),GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN)); return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "os" "os/exec" ) func main() { tput("rev") fmt.Print("Rosetta") tput("sgr0") fmt.Println(" Code") } func tput(arg string) error { cmd := exec.Command("tput", arg) cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout return cmd.Run() }
#include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("\033[7mReversed\033[m Normal\n"); return 0; }
Generate an equivalent C version of this Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "math" "strings" ) func main() { for _, n := range [...]int64{ 0, 4, 6, 11, 13, 75, 100, 337, -164, math.MaxInt64, } { fmt.Println(fourIsMagic(n)) } } func fourIsMagic(n int64) string { s := say(n) s = strings.ToUpper(s[:1]) + s[1:] t := s for n != 4 { n = int64(len(s)) s = say(n) t += " is " + s + ", " + s } t += " is magic." return t } var small = [...]string{"zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen"} var tens = [...]string{"", "", "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety"} var illions = [...]string{"", " thousand", " million", " billion", " trillion", " quadrillion", " quintillion"} func say(n int64) string { var t string if n < 0 { t = "negative " n = -n } switch { case n < 20: t += small[n] case n < 100: t += tens[n/10] s := n % 10 if s > 0 { t += "-" + small[s] } case n < 1000: t += small[n/100] + " hundred" s := n % 100 if s > 0 { t += " " + say(s) } default: sx := "" for i := 0; n > 0; i++ { p := n % 1000 n /= 1000 if p > 0 { ix := say(p) + illions[i] if sx != "" { ix += " " + sx } sx = ix } } t += sx } return t }
#include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <glib.h> typedef struct named_number_tag { const char* name; uint64_t number; } named_number; const named_number named_numbers[] = { { "hundred", 100 }, { "thousand", 1000 }, { "million", 1000000 }, { "billion", 1000000000 }, { "trillion", 1000000000000 }, { "quadrillion", 1000000000000000ULL }, { "quintillion", 1000000000000000000ULL } }; const named_number* get_named_number(uint64_t n) { const size_t names_len = sizeof(named_numbers)/sizeof(named_number); for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < names_len; ++i) { if (n < named_numbers[i + 1].number) return &named_numbers[i]; } return &named_numbers[names_len - 1]; } size_t append_number_name(GString* str, uint64_t n) { static const char* small[] = { "zero", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "eleven", "twelve", "thirteen", "fourteen", "fifteen", "sixteen", "seventeen", "eighteen", "nineteen" }; static const char* tens[] = { "twenty", "thirty", "forty", "fifty", "sixty", "seventy", "eighty", "ninety" }; size_t len = str->len; if (n < 20) { g_string_append(str, small[n]); } else if (n < 100) { g_string_append(str, tens[n/10 - 2]); if (n % 10 != 0) { g_string_append_c(str, '-'); g_string_append(str, small[n % 10]); } } else { const named_number* num = get_named_number(n); uint64_t p = num->number; append_number_name(str, n/p); g_string_append_c(str, ' '); g_string_append(str, num->name); if (n % p != 0) { g_string_append_c(str, ' '); append_number_name(str, n % p); } } return str->len - len; } GString* magic(uint64_t n) { GString* str = g_string_new(NULL); for (unsigned int i = 0; ; ++i) { size_t count = append_number_name(str, n); if (i == 0) str->str[0] = g_ascii_toupper(str->str[0]); if (n == 4) { g_string_append(str, " is magic."); break; } g_string_append(str, " is "); append_number_name(str, count); g_string_append(str, ", "); n = count; } return str; } void test_magic(uint64_t n) { GString* str = magic(n); printf("%s\n", str->str); g_string_free(str, TRUE); } int main() { test_magic(5); test_magic(13); test_magic(78); test_magic(797); test_magic(2739); test_magic(4000); test_magic(7893); test_magic(93497412); test_magic(2673497412U); test_magic(10344658531277200972ULL); return 0; }
Write a version of this Go function in C with identical behavior.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os/exec" "strings" "time" ) func main() { s := "Actions speak louder than words." prev := "" prevLen := 0 bs := "" for _, word := range strings.Fields(s) { cmd := exec.Command("espeak", word) if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if prevLen > 0 { bs = strings.Repeat("\b", prevLen) } fmt.Printf("%s%s%s ", bs, prev, strings.ToUpper(word)) prev = word + " " prevLen = len(word) + 1 } bs = strings.Repeat("\b", prevLen) time.Sleep(time.Second) fmt.Printf("%s%s\n", bs, prev) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "wren.h" void C_usleep(WrenVM* vm) { useconds_t usec = (useconds_t)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); usleep(usec); } void C_espeak(WrenVM* vm) { const char *arg = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(arg) + 10]; strcpy(command, "espeak \""); strcat(command, arg); strcat(command, "\""); system(command); } void C_flushStdout(WrenVM* vm) { fflush(stdout); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "usleep(_)") == 0) return C_usleep; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "espeak(_)") == 0) return C_espeak; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "flushStdout()") == 0) return C_flushStdout; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } static void loadModuleComplete(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, WrenLoadModuleResult result) { if( result.source) free((void*)result.source); } WrenLoadModuleResult loadModule(WrenVM* vm, const char* name) { WrenLoadModuleResult result = {0}; if (strcmp(name, "random") != 0 && strcmp(name, "meta") != 0) { result.onComplete = loadModuleComplete; char fullName[strlen(name) + 6]; strcpy(fullName, name); strcat(fullName, ".wren"); result.source = readFile(fullName); } return result; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; config.loadModuleFn = &loadModule; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "speech_engine_highlight_words.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "os/exec" "strings" "time" ) func main() { s := "Actions speak louder than words." prev := "" prevLen := 0 bs := "" for _, word := range strings.Fields(s) { cmd := exec.Command("espeak", word) if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if prevLen > 0 { bs = strings.Repeat("\b", prevLen) } fmt.Printf("%s%s%s ", bs, prev, strings.ToUpper(word)) prev = word + " " prevLen = len(word) + 1 } bs = strings.Repeat("\b", prevLen) time.Sleep(time.Second) fmt.Printf("%s%s\n", bs, prev) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <unistd.h> #include "wren.h" void C_usleep(WrenVM* vm) { useconds_t usec = (useconds_t)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1); usleep(usec); } void C_espeak(WrenVM* vm) { const char *arg = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(arg) + 10]; strcpy(command, "espeak \""); strcat(command, arg); strcat(command, "\""); system(command); } void C_flushStdout(WrenVM* vm) { fflush(stdout); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "usleep(_)") == 0) return C_usleep; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "espeak(_)") == 0) return C_espeak; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "flushStdout()") == 0) return C_flushStdout; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } static void loadModuleComplete(WrenVM* vm, const char* module, WrenLoadModuleResult result) { if( result.source) free((void*)result.source); } WrenLoadModuleResult loadModule(WrenVM* vm, const char* name) { WrenLoadModuleResult result = {0}; if (strcmp(name, "random") != 0 && strcmp(name, "meta") != 0) { result.onComplete = loadModuleComplete; char fullName[strlen(name) + 6]; strcpy(fullName, name); strcat(fullName, ".wren"); result.source = readFile(fullName); } return result; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; config.loadModuleFn = &loadModule; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "speech_engine_highlight_words.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "fmt" "log" "math" "strings" ) var error = "Argument must be a numeric literal or a decimal numeric string." func getNumDecimals(n interface{}) int { switch v := n.(type) { case int: return 0 case float64: if v == math.Trunc(v) { return 0 } s := fmt.Sprintf("%g", v) return len(strings.Split(s, ".")[1]) case string: if v == "" { log.Fatal(error) } if v[0] == '+' || v[0] == '-' { v = v[1:] } for _, c := range v { if strings.IndexRune("0123456789.", c) == -1 { log.Fatal(error) } } s := strings.Split(v, ".") ls := len(s) if ls == 1 { return 0 } else if ls == 2 { return len(s[1]) } else { log.Fatal("Too many decimal points") } default: log.Fatal(error) } return 0 } func main() { var a = []interface{}{12, 12.345, 12.345555555555, "12.3450", "12.34555555555555555555", 12.345e53} for _, n := range a { d := getNumDecimals(n) switch v := n.(type) { case string: fmt.Printf("%q has %d decimals\n", v, d) case float32, float64: fmt.Printf("%g has %d decimals\n", v, d) default: fmt.Printf("%d has %d decimals\n", v, d) } } }
#include <stdio.h> int findNumOfDec(double x) { char buffer[128]; int pos, num; sprintf(buffer, "%.14f", x); pos = 0; num = 0; while (buffer[pos] != 0 && buffer[pos] != '.') { pos++; } if (buffer[pos] != 0) { pos++; while (buffer[pos] != 0) { pos++; } pos--; while (buffer[pos] == '0') { pos--; } while (buffer[pos] != '.') { num++; pos--; } } return num; } void test(double x) { int num = findNumOfDec(x); printf("%f has %d decimals\n", x, num); } int main() { test(12.0); test(12.345); test(12.345555555555); test(12.3450); test(12.34555555555555555555); test(1.2345e+54); return 0; }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
const ( apple = iota banana cherry )
enum fruits { apple, banana, cherry }; enum fruits { apple = 0, banana = 1, cherry = 2 };
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) const branches = 4 const nMax = 500 var rooted, unrooted [nMax + 1]big.Int var c [branches]big.Int var tmp = new(big.Int) var one = big.NewInt(1) func tree(br, n, l, sum int, cnt *big.Int) { for b := br + 1; b <= branches; b++ { sum += n if sum > nMax { return } if l*2 >= sum && b >= branches { return } if b == br+1 { c[br].Mul(&rooted[n], cnt) } else { tmp.Add(&rooted[n], tmp.SetInt64(int64(b-br-1))) c[br].Mul(&c[br], tmp) c[br].Div(&c[br], tmp.SetInt64(int64(b-br))) } if l*2 < sum { unrooted[sum].Add(&unrooted[sum], &c[br]) } if b < branches { rooted[sum].Add(&rooted[sum], &c[br]) } for m := n - 1; m > 0; m-- { tree(b, m, l, sum, &c[br]) } } } func bicenter(s int) { if s&1 == 0 { tmp.Rsh(tmp.Mul(&rooted[s/2], tmp.Add(&rooted[s/2], one)), 1) unrooted[s].Add(&unrooted[s], tmp) } } func main() { rooted[0].SetInt64(1) rooted[1].SetInt64(1) unrooted[0].SetInt64(1) unrooted[1].SetInt64(1) for n := 1; n <= nMax; n++ { tree(0, n, n, 1, big.NewInt(1)) bicenter(n) fmt.Printf("%d: %d\n", n, &unrooted[n]) } }
#include <stdio.h> #define MAX_N 33 #define BRANCH 4 typedef unsigned long long xint; #define FMT "llu" xint rooted[MAX_N] = {1, 1, 0}; xint unrooted[MAX_N] = {1, 1, 0}; xint choose(xint m, xint k) { xint i, r; if (k == 1) return m; for (r = m, i = 1; i < k; i++) r = r * (m + i) / (i + 1); return r; } void tree(xint br, xint n, xint cnt, xint sum, xint l) { xint b, c, m, s; for (b = br + 1; b <= BRANCH; b++) { s = sum + (b - br) * n; if (s >= MAX_N) return; c = choose(rooted[n], b - br) * cnt; if (l * 2 < s) unrooted[s] += c; if (b == BRANCH) return; rooted[s] += c; for (m = n; --m; ) tree(b, m, c, s, l); } } void bicenter(int s) { if (s & 1) return; unrooted[s] += rooted[s/2] * (rooted[s/2] + 1) / 2; } int main() { xint n; for (n = 1; n < MAX_N; n++) { tree(0, n, 1, 1, n); bicenter(n); printf("%"FMT": %"FMT"\n", n, unrooted[n]); } return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/big" ) const branches = 4 const nMax = 500 var rooted, unrooted [nMax + 1]big.Int var c [branches]big.Int var tmp = new(big.Int) var one = big.NewInt(1) func tree(br, n, l, sum int, cnt *big.Int) { for b := br + 1; b <= branches; b++ { sum += n if sum > nMax { return } if l*2 >= sum && b >= branches { return } if b == br+1 { c[br].Mul(&rooted[n], cnt) } else { tmp.Add(&rooted[n], tmp.SetInt64(int64(b-br-1))) c[br].Mul(&c[br], tmp) c[br].Div(&c[br], tmp.SetInt64(int64(b-br))) } if l*2 < sum { unrooted[sum].Add(&unrooted[sum], &c[br]) } if b < branches { rooted[sum].Add(&rooted[sum], &c[br]) } for m := n - 1; m > 0; m-- { tree(b, m, l, sum, &c[br]) } } } func bicenter(s int) { if s&1 == 0 { tmp.Rsh(tmp.Mul(&rooted[s/2], tmp.Add(&rooted[s/2], one)), 1) unrooted[s].Add(&unrooted[s], tmp) } } func main() { rooted[0].SetInt64(1) rooted[1].SetInt64(1) unrooted[0].SetInt64(1) unrooted[1].SetInt64(1) for n := 1; n <= nMax; n++ { tree(0, n, n, 1, big.NewInt(1)) bicenter(n) fmt.Printf("%d: %d\n", n, &unrooted[n]) } }
#include <stdio.h> #define MAX_N 33 #define BRANCH 4 typedef unsigned long long xint; #define FMT "llu" xint rooted[MAX_N] = {1, 1, 0}; xint unrooted[MAX_N] = {1, 1, 0}; xint choose(xint m, xint k) { xint i, r; if (k == 1) return m; for (r = m, i = 1; i < k; i++) r = r * (m + i) / (i + 1); return r; } void tree(xint br, xint n, xint cnt, xint sum, xint l) { xint b, c, m, s; for (b = br + 1; b <= BRANCH; b++) { s = sum + (b - br) * n; if (s >= MAX_N) return; c = choose(rooted[n], b - br) * cnt; if (l * 2 < s) unrooted[s] += c; if (b == BRANCH) return; rooted[s] += c; for (m = n; --m; ) tree(b, m, c, s, l); } } void bicenter(int s) { if (s & 1) return; unrooted[s] += rooted[s/2] * (rooted[s/2] + 1) / 2; } int main() { xint n; for (n = 1; n < MAX_N; n++) { tree(0, n, 1, 1, n); bicenter(n); printf("%"FMT": %"FMT"\n", n, unrooted[n]); } return 0; }
Translate the given Go code snippet into C without altering its behavior.
package main import "fmt" func printMinCells(n int) { fmt.Printf("Minimum number of cells after, before, above and below %d x %d square:\n", n, n) p := 1 if n > 20 { p = 2 } for r := 0; r < n; r++ { cells := make([]int, n) for c := 0; c < n; c++ { nums := []int{n - r - 1, r, c, n - c - 1} min := n for _, num := range nums { if num < min { min = num } } cells[c] = min } fmt.Printf("%*d \n", p, cells) } } func main() { for _, n := range []int{23, 10, 9, 2, 1} { printMinCells(n) fmt.Println() } }
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #define min(a, b) (a<=b?a:b) void minab( unsigned int n ) { int i, j; for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=0;j<n;j++) { printf( "%2d ", min( min(i, n-1-i), min(j, n-1-j) )); } printf( "\n" ); } return; } int main(void) { minab(10); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) func Pentagram(x, y, r float64) []gg.Point { points := make([]gg.Point, 5) for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fi := float64(i) angle := 2*math.Pi*fi/5 - math.Pi/2 points[i] = gg.Point{x + r*math.Cos(angle), y + r*math.Sin(angle)} } return points } func main() { points := Pentagram(320, 320, 250) dc := gg.NewContext(640, 640) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() for i := 0; i <= 5; i++ { index := (i * 2) % 5 p := points[index] dc.LineTo(p.X, p.Y) } dc.SetHexColor("#6495ED") dc.SetFillRule(gg.FillRuleWinding) dc.FillPreserve() dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 0) dc.SetLineWidth(5) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("pentagram.png") }
#include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> #define pi M_PI int main(){ char colourNames[][14] = { "BLACK", "BLUE", "GREEN", "CYAN", "RED", "MAGENTA", "BROWN", "LIGHTGRAY", "DARKGRAY", "LIGHTBLUE", "LIGHTGREEN", "LIGHTCYAN", "LIGHTRED", "LIGHTMAGENTA", "YELLOW", "WHITE" }; int stroke=0,fill=0,back=0,i; double centerX = 300,centerY = 300,coreSide,armLength,pentaLength; printf("Enter core pentagon side length : "); scanf("%lf",&coreSide); printf("Enter pentagram arm length : "); scanf("%lf",&armLength); printf("Available colours are :\n"); for(i=0;i<16;i++){ printf("%d. %s\t",i+1,colourNames[i]); if((i+1) % 3 == 0){ printf("\n"); } } while(stroke==fill && fill==back){ printf("\nEnter three diffrenet options for stroke, fill and background : "); scanf("%d%d%d",&stroke,&fill,&back); } pentaLength = coreSide/(2 * tan(pi/5)) + sqrt(armLength*armLength - coreSide*coreSide/4); initwindow(2*centerX,2*centerY,"Pentagram"); setcolor(stroke-1); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,back-1); bar(0,0,2*centerX,2*centerY); floodfill(centerX,centerY,back-1); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,fill-1); for(i=0;i<5;i++){ line(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + coreSide*cos((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5))); line(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + pentaLength*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5),centerY + pentaLength*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5)); line(centerX + coreSide*cos((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + pentaLength*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5),centerY + pentaLength*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5)); floodfill(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/10)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/10)/(2*sin(pi/5)),stroke-1); } floodfill(centerX,centerY,stroke-1); getch(); closegraph(); }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) func Pentagram(x, y, r float64) []gg.Point { points := make([]gg.Point, 5) for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fi := float64(i) angle := 2*math.Pi*fi/5 - math.Pi/2 points[i] = gg.Point{x + r*math.Cos(angle), y + r*math.Sin(angle)} } return points } func main() { points := Pentagram(320, 320, 250) dc := gg.NewContext(640, 640) dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Clear() for i := 0; i <= 5; i++ { index := (i * 2) % 5 p := points[index] dc.LineTo(p.X, p.Y) } dc.SetHexColor("#6495ED") dc.SetFillRule(gg.FillRuleWinding) dc.FillPreserve() dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 0) dc.SetLineWidth(5) dc.Stroke() dc.SavePNG("pentagram.png") }
#include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> #define pi M_PI int main(){ char colourNames[][14] = { "BLACK", "BLUE", "GREEN", "CYAN", "RED", "MAGENTA", "BROWN", "LIGHTGRAY", "DARKGRAY", "LIGHTBLUE", "LIGHTGREEN", "LIGHTCYAN", "LIGHTRED", "LIGHTMAGENTA", "YELLOW", "WHITE" }; int stroke=0,fill=0,back=0,i; double centerX = 300,centerY = 300,coreSide,armLength,pentaLength; printf("Enter core pentagon side length : "); scanf("%lf",&coreSide); printf("Enter pentagram arm length : "); scanf("%lf",&armLength); printf("Available colours are :\n"); for(i=0;i<16;i++){ printf("%d. %s\t",i+1,colourNames[i]); if((i+1) % 3 == 0){ printf("\n"); } } while(stroke==fill && fill==back){ printf("\nEnter three diffrenet options for stroke, fill and background : "); scanf("%d%d%d",&stroke,&fill,&back); } pentaLength = coreSide/(2 * tan(pi/5)) + sqrt(armLength*armLength - coreSide*coreSide/4); initwindow(2*centerX,2*centerY,"Pentagram"); setcolor(stroke-1); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,back-1); bar(0,0,2*centerX,2*centerY); floodfill(centerX,centerY,back-1); setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,fill-1); for(i=0;i<5;i++){ line(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + coreSide*cos((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5))); line(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + pentaLength*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5),centerY + pentaLength*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5)); line(centerX + coreSide*cos((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin((i+1)*2*pi/5)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerX + pentaLength*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5),centerY + pentaLength*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/5)); floodfill(centerX + coreSide*cos(i*2*pi/5 + pi/10)/(2*sin(pi/5)),centerY + coreSide*sin(i*2*pi/5 + pi/10)/(2*sin(pi/5)),stroke-1); } floodfill(centerX,centerY,stroke-1); getch(); closegraph(); }
Can you help me rewrite this code in C instead of Go, keeping it the same logically?
package main import ( "encoding/hex" "fmt" "io" "net" "os" "strconv" "strings" "text/tabwriter" ) func parseIPPort(address string) (net.IP, *uint64, error) { ip := net.ParseIP(address) if ip != nil { return ip, nil, nil } host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(address) if err != nil { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("splithostport failed: %w", err) } port, err := strconv.ParseUint(portStr, 10, 16) if err != nil { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse port: %w", err) } ip = net.ParseIP(host) if ip == nil { return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse ip address") } return ip, &port, nil } func ipVersion(ip net.IP) int { if ip.To4() == nil { return 6 } return 4 } func main() { testCases := []string{ "127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1:80", "::1", "[::1]:443", "2605:2700:0:3::4713:93e3", "[2605:2700:0:3::4713:93e3]:80", } w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0) writeTSV := func(w io.Writer, args ...interface{}) { fmt.Fprintf(w, strings.Repeat("%s\t", len(args)), args...) fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n") } writeTSV(w, "Input", "Address", "Space", "Port") for _, addr := range testCases { ip, port, err := parseIPPort(addr) if err != nil { panic(err) } portStr := "n/a" if port != nil { portStr = fmt.Sprint(*port) } ipVersion := fmt.Sprintf("IPv%d", ipVersion(ip)) writeTSV(w, addr, hex.EncodeToString(ip), ipVersion, portStr) } w.Flush() }
#include <string.h> #include <memory.h> static unsigned int _parseDecimal ( const char** pchCursor ) { unsigned int nVal = 0; char chNow; while ( chNow = **pchCursor, chNow >= '0' && chNow <= '9' ) { nVal *= 10; nVal += chNow - '0'; ++*pchCursor; } return nVal; } static unsigned int _parseHex ( const char** pchCursor ) { unsigned int nVal = 0; char chNow; while ( chNow = **pchCursor & 0x5f, (chNow >= ('0'&0x5f) && chNow <= ('9'&0x5f)) || (chNow >= 'A' && chNow <= 'F') ) { unsigned char nybbleValue; chNow -= 0x10; nybbleValue = ( chNow > 9 ? chNow - (0x31-0x0a) : chNow ); nVal <<= 4; nVal += nybbleValue; ++*pchCursor; } return nVal; } int ParseIPv4OrIPv6 ( const char** ppszText, unsigned char* abyAddr, int* pnPort, int* pbIsIPv6 ) { unsigned char* abyAddrLocal; unsigned char abyDummyAddr[16]; const char* pchColon = strchr ( *ppszText, ':' ); const char* pchDot = strchr ( *ppszText, '.' ); const char* pchOpenBracket = strchr ( *ppszText, '[' ); const char* pchCloseBracket = NULL; int bIsIPv6local = NULL != pchOpenBracket || NULL == pchDot || ( NULL != pchColon && ( NULL == pchDot || pchColon < pchDot ) ); if ( bIsIPv6local ) { pchCloseBracket = strchr ( *ppszText, ']' ); if ( NULL != pchOpenBracket && ( NULL == pchCloseBracket || pchCloseBracket < pchOpenBracket ) ) return 0; } else { if ( NULL == pchDot || ( NULL != pchColon && pchColon < pchDot ) ) return 0; } if ( NULL != pbIsIPv6 ) *pbIsIPv6 = bIsIPv6local; abyAddrLocal = abyAddr; if ( NULL == abyAddrLocal ) abyAddrLocal = abyDummyAddr; if ( ! bIsIPv6local ) { unsigned char* pbyAddrCursor = abyAddrLocal; unsigned int nVal; const char* pszTextBefore = *ppszText; nVal =_parseDecimal ( ppszText ); if ( '.' != **ppszText || nVal > 255 || pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) return 0; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = (unsigned char) nVal; ++(*ppszText); pszTextBefore = *ppszText; nVal =_parseDecimal ( ppszText ); if ( '.' != **ppszText || nVal > 255 || pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) return 0; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = (unsigned char) nVal; ++(*ppszText); pszTextBefore = *ppszText; nVal =_parseDecimal ( ppszText ); if ( '.' != **ppszText || nVal > 255 || pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) return 0; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = (unsigned char) nVal; ++(*ppszText); pszTextBefore = *ppszText; nVal =_parseDecimal ( ppszText ); if ( nVal > 255 || pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) return 0; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = (unsigned char) nVal; if ( ':' == **ppszText && NULL != pnPort ) { unsigned short usPortNetwork; ++(*ppszText); pszTextBefore = *ppszText; nVal =_parseDecimal ( ppszText ); if ( nVal > 65535 || pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) return 0; ((unsigned char*)&usPortNetwork)[0] = ( nVal & 0xff00 ) >> 8; ((unsigned char*)&usPortNetwork)[1] = ( nVal & 0xff ); *pnPort = usPortNetwork; return 1; } else { if ( NULL != pnPort ) *pnPort = 0; return 1; } } else { unsigned char* pbyAddrCursor; unsigned char* pbyZerosLoc; int bIPv4Detected; int nIdx; if ( NULL != pchOpenBracket ) *ppszText = pchOpenBracket + 1; pbyAddrCursor = abyAddrLocal; pbyZerosLoc = NULL; bIPv4Detected = 0; for ( nIdx = 0; nIdx < 8; ++nIdx ) { const char* pszTextBefore = *ppszText; unsigned nVal =_parseHex ( ppszText ); if ( pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) { if ( NULL != pbyZerosLoc ) { if ( pbyZerosLoc == pbyAddrCursor ) { --nIdx; break; } return 0; } if ( ':' != **ppszText ) return 0; if ( 0 == nIdx ) { ++(*ppszText); if ( ':' != **ppszText ) return 0; } pbyZerosLoc = pbyAddrCursor; ++(*ppszText); } else { if ( '.' == **ppszText ) { const char* pszTextlocal = pszTextBefore; unsigned char abyAddrlocal[16]; int bIsIPv6local; int bParseResultlocal = ParseIPv4OrIPv6 ( &pszTextlocal, abyAddrlocal, NULL, &bIsIPv6local ); *ppszText = pszTextlocal; if ( ! bParseResultlocal || bIsIPv6local ) return 0; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = abyAddrlocal[0]; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = abyAddrlocal[1]; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = abyAddrlocal[2]; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = abyAddrlocal[3]; ++nIdx; bIPv4Detected = 1; break; } if ( nVal > 65535 ) return 0; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = nVal >> 8; *(pbyAddrCursor++) = nVal & 0xff; if ( ':' == **ppszText ) { ++(*ppszText); } else { break; } } } if ( NULL != pbyZerosLoc ) { int nHead = (int)( pbyZerosLoc - abyAddrLocal ); int nTail = nIdx * 2 - (int)( pbyZerosLoc - abyAddrLocal ); int nZeros = 16 - nTail - nHead; memmove ( &abyAddrLocal[16-nTail], pbyZerosLoc, nTail ); memset ( pbyZerosLoc, 0, nZeros ); } if ( bIPv4Detected ) { static const unsigned char abyPfx[] = { 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0xff,0xff }; if ( 0 != memcmp ( abyAddrLocal, abyPfx, sizeof(abyPfx) ) ) return 0; } if ( NULL != pchOpenBracket ) { if ( ']' != **ppszText ) return 0; ++(*ppszText); } if ( ':' == **ppszText && NULL != pnPort ) { const char* pszTextBefore; unsigned int nVal; unsigned short usPortNetwork; ++(*ppszText); pszTextBefore = *ppszText; pszTextBefore = *ppszText; nVal =_parseDecimal ( ppszText ); if ( nVal > 65535 || pszTextBefore == *ppszText ) return 0; ((unsigned char*)&usPortNetwork)[0] = ( nVal & 0xff00 ) >> 8; ((unsigned char*)&usPortNetwork)[1] = ( nVal & 0xff ); *pnPort = usPortNetwork; return 1; } else { if ( NULL != pnPort ) *pnPort = 0; return 1; } } } int ParseIPv4OrIPv6_2 ( const char* pszText, unsigned char* abyAddr, int* pnPort, int* pbIsIPv6 ) { const char* pszTextLocal = pszText; return ParseIPv4OrIPv6 ( &pszTextLocal, abyAddr, pnPort, pbIsIPv6); }
Write a version of this Go function in C with identical behavior.
package main import "C" import "log" import "unsafe" var ps, vs, prog, r_mod C.GLuint var angle = float32(0) func render() { C.glClear(C.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) C.glUniform1f_macro(C.GLint(r_mod), C.GLfloat(C.rand())/C.GLfloat(C.RAND_MAX)) C.glLoadIdentity() C.glRotatef(C.float(angle), C.float(angle*0.1), 1, 0) C.glBegin(C.GL_TRIANGLES) C.glVertex3f(-1, -0.5, 0) C.glVertex3f(0, 1, 0) C.glVertex3f(1, 0, 0) C.glEnd() angle += 0.02 C.glutSwapBuffers() } func setShader() { f := "varying float x, y, z;" + "uniform float r_mod;" + "float rand(float s, float r) { return mod(mod(s, r + r_mod) * 112341.0, 1.0); }" + "void main() {" + " gl_FragColor = vec4(rand(gl_FragCoord.x, x), rand(gl_FragCoord.y, y), rand(gl_FragCoord.z, z), 1.0);" + "}" v := "varying float x, y, z;" + "void main() {" + " gl_Position = ftransform();" + " x = gl_Position.x; y = gl_Position.y; z = gl_Position.z;" + " x += y; y -= x; z += x - y;" + "}" fc, vc := C.CString(f), C.CString(v) defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(fc)) defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(vc)) vs = C.glCreateShader_macro(C.GL_VERTEX_SHADER) ps = C.glCreateShader_macro(C.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER) C.glShaderSource_macro(ps, 1, &fc, nil) C.glShaderSource_macro(vs, 1, &vc, nil) C.glCompileShader_macro(vs) C.glCompileShader_macro(ps) prog = C.glCreateProgram_macro() C.glAttachShader_macro(prog, ps) C.glAttachShader_macro(prog, vs) C.glLinkProgram_macro(prog) C.glUseProgram_macro(prog) rms := C.CString("r_mod") r_mod = C.GLuint(C.glGetUniformLocation_macro(prog, rms)) C.free(unsafe.Pointer(rms)) } func main() { argc := C.int(0) C.glutInit(&argc, nil) C.glutInitDisplayMode(C.GLUT_DOUBLE | C.GLUT_RGB) C.glutInitWindowSize(200, 200) tl := "Pixel Shader" tlc := C.CString(tl) C.glutCreateWindow(tlc) defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(tlc)) C.glutIdleFunc(C.idleFunc()) C.glewInit() glv := C.CString("GL_VERSION_2_0") if C.glewIsSupported(glv) == 0 { log.Fatal("GL 2.0 unsupported") } defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(glv)) setShader() C.glutMainLoop() }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <GL/glew.h> #include <GL/glut.h> GLuint ps, vs, prog, r_mod; float angle = 0; void render(void) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glUniform1f(r_mod, rand() / (float)RAND_MAX); glLoadIdentity(); glRotatef(angle, angle * .1, 1, 0); glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); glVertex3f(-1, -.5, 0); glVertex3f(0, 1, 0); glVertex3f(1, 0, 0); glEnd(); angle += .02; glutSwapBuffers(); } void set_shader() { const char *f = "varying float x, y, z;" "uniform float r_mod;" "float rand(float s, float r) { return mod(mod(s, r + r_mod) * 112341.0, 1.0); }" "void main() {" " gl_FragColor = vec4(rand(gl_FragCoord.x, x), rand(gl_FragCoord.y, y), rand(gl_FragCoord.z, z), 1.0);" "}"; const char *v = "varying float x, y, z;" "void main() {" " gl_Position = ftransform();" " x = gl_Position.x; y = gl_Position.y; z = gl_Position.z;" " x += y; y -= x; z += x - y;" "}"; vs = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); ps = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); glShaderSource(ps, 1, &f, 0); glShaderSource(vs, 1, &v, 0); glCompileShader(vs); glCompileShader(ps); prog = glCreateProgram(); glAttachShader(prog, ps); glAttachShader(prog, vs); glLinkProgram(prog); glUseProgram(prog); r_mod = glGetUniformLocation(prog, "r_mod"); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(200, 200); glutCreateWindow("Stuff"); glutIdleFunc(render); glewInit(); if (!glewIsSupported("GL_VERSION_2_0")) { fprintf(stderr, "GL 2.0 unsupported\n"); return 1; } set_shader(); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }
Change the following Go code into C without altering its purpose.
package main import ( gc "github.com/rthornton128/goncurses" "log" "math/rand" "time" ) const rowDelay = 40000 func main() { start := time.Now() rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) chars := []byte("0123456789") totalChars := len(chars) stdscr, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init", err) } defer gc.End() gc.Echo(false) gc.Cursor(0) if !gc.HasColors() { log.Fatal("Program requires a colour capable terminal") } if err := gc.StartColor(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if err := gc.InitPair(1, gc.C_GREEN, gc.C_BLACK); err != nil { log.Fatal("InitPair failed: ", err) } stdscr.ColorOn(1) maxY, maxX := stdscr.MaxYX() columnsRow := make([]int, maxX) columnsActive := make([]int, maxX) for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ { columnsRow[i] = -1 columnsActive[i] = 0 } for { for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ { if columnsRow[i] == -1 { columnsRow[i] = rand.Intn(maxY + 1) columnsActive[i] = rand.Intn(2) } } for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ { if columnsActive[i] == 1 { charIndex := rand.Intn(totalChars) stdscr.MovePrintf(columnsRow[i], i, "%c", chars[charIndex]) } else { stdscr.MovePrintf(columnsRow[i], i, "%c", ' ') } columnsRow[i]++ if columnsRow[i] >= maxY { columnsRow[i] = -1 } if rand.Intn(1001) == 0 { if columnsActive[i] == 0 { columnsActive[i] = 1 } else { columnsActive[i] = 0 } } } time.Sleep(rowDelay * time.Microsecond) stdscr.Refresh() elapsed := time.Since(start) if elapsed.Minutes() >= 1 { break } } }
#include <unistd.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ncurses.h> #define ROW_DELAY 40000 int get_rand_in_range(int min, int max) { return (rand() % ((max + 1) - min) + min); } int main(void) { srand(time(NULL)); char chars[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'}; int total_chars = sizeof(chars); initscr(); noecho(); curs_set(FALSE); start_color(); init_pair(1, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK); attron(COLOR_PAIR(1)); int max_x = 0, max_y = 0; getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x); int columns_row[max_x]; int columns_active[max_x]; int i; for (i = 0; i < max_x; i++) { columns_row[i] = -1; columns_active[i] = 0; } while (1) { for (i = 0; i < max_x; i++) { if (columns_row[i] == -1) { columns_row[i] = get_rand_in_range(0, max_y); columns_active[i] = get_rand_in_range(0, 1); } } for (i = 0; i < max_x; i++) { if (columns_active[i] == 1) { int char_index = get_rand_in_range(0, total_chars); mvprintw(columns_row[i], i, "%c", chars[char_index]); } else { mvprintw(columns_row[i], i, " "); } columns_row[i]++; if (columns_row[i] >= max_y) { columns_row[i] = -1; } if (get_rand_in_range(0, 1000) == 0) { columns_active[i] = (columns_active[i] == 0) ? 1 : 0; } } usleep(ROW_DELAY); refresh(); } endwin(); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( gc "github.com/rthornton128/goncurses" "log" "math/rand" "time" ) const rowDelay = 40000 func main() { start := time.Now() rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) chars := []byte("0123456789") totalChars := len(chars) stdscr, err := gc.Init() if err != nil { log.Fatal("init", err) } defer gc.End() gc.Echo(false) gc.Cursor(0) if !gc.HasColors() { log.Fatal("Program requires a colour capable terminal") } if err := gc.StartColor(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } if err := gc.InitPair(1, gc.C_GREEN, gc.C_BLACK); err != nil { log.Fatal("InitPair failed: ", err) } stdscr.ColorOn(1) maxY, maxX := stdscr.MaxYX() columnsRow := make([]int, maxX) columnsActive := make([]int, maxX) for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ { columnsRow[i] = -1 columnsActive[i] = 0 } for { for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ { if columnsRow[i] == -1 { columnsRow[i] = rand.Intn(maxY + 1) columnsActive[i] = rand.Intn(2) } } for i := 0; i < maxX; i++ { if columnsActive[i] == 1 { charIndex := rand.Intn(totalChars) stdscr.MovePrintf(columnsRow[i], i, "%c", chars[charIndex]) } else { stdscr.MovePrintf(columnsRow[i], i, "%c", ' ') } columnsRow[i]++ if columnsRow[i] >= maxY { columnsRow[i] = -1 } if rand.Intn(1001) == 0 { if columnsActive[i] == 0 { columnsActive[i] = 1 } else { columnsActive[i] = 0 } } } time.Sleep(rowDelay * time.Microsecond) stdscr.Refresh() elapsed := time.Since(start) if elapsed.Minutes() >= 1 { break } } }
#include <unistd.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <ncurses.h> #define ROW_DELAY 40000 int get_rand_in_range(int min, int max) { return (rand() % ((max + 1) - min) + min); } int main(void) { srand(time(NULL)); char chars[] = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'}; int total_chars = sizeof(chars); initscr(); noecho(); curs_set(FALSE); start_color(); init_pair(1, COLOR_GREEN, COLOR_BLACK); attron(COLOR_PAIR(1)); int max_x = 0, max_y = 0; getmaxyx(stdscr, max_y, max_x); int columns_row[max_x]; int columns_active[max_x]; int i; for (i = 0; i < max_x; i++) { columns_row[i] = -1; columns_active[i] = 0; } while (1) { for (i = 0; i < max_x; i++) { if (columns_row[i] == -1) { columns_row[i] = get_rand_in_range(0, max_y); columns_active[i] = get_rand_in_range(0, 1); } } for (i = 0; i < max_x; i++) { if (columns_active[i] == 1) { int char_index = get_rand_in_range(0, total_chars); mvprintw(columns_row[i], i, "%c", chars[char_index]); } else { mvprintw(columns_row[i], i, " "); } columns_row[i]++; if (columns_row[i] >= max_y) { columns_row[i] = -1; } if (get_rand_in_range(0, 1000) == 0) { columns_active[i] = (columns_active[i] == 0) ? 1 : 0; } } usleep(ROW_DELAY); refresh(); } endwin(); return 0; }
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { fileName := "loop.wav" scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) reps := 0 for reps < 1 || reps > 6 { fmt.Print("Enter number of repetitions (1 to 6) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) reps, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } delay := 0 for delay < 50 || delay > 500 { fmt.Print("Enter delay between repetitions in microseconds (50 to 500) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) delay, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } decay := 0.0 for decay < 0.2 || decay > 0.9 { fmt.Print("Enter decay between repetitions (0.2 to 0.9) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) decay, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64) } args := []string{fileName, "echo", "0.8", "0.7"} decay2 := 1.0 for i := 1; i <= reps; i++ { delayStr := strconv.Itoa(i * delay) decay2 *= decay decayStr := strconv.FormatFloat(decay2, 'f', -1, 64) args = append(args, delayStr, decayStr) } cmd := exec.Command("play", args...) err := cmd.Run() check(err) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio_ext.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "wren.h" void C_getInput(WrenVM* vm) { int maxSize = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1) + 2; char input[maxSize]; fgets(input, maxSize, stdin); __fpurge(stdin); input[strcspn(input, "\n")] = 0; wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, (const char*)input); } void C_play(WrenVM* vm) { const char *args = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(args) + 5]; strcpy(command, "play "); strcat(command, args); system(command); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "getInput(_)") == 0) return C_getInput; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "play(_)") == 0) return C_play; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "audio_overlap_loop.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { fileName := "loop.wav" scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) reps := 0 for reps < 1 || reps > 6 { fmt.Print("Enter number of repetitions (1 to 6) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) reps, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } delay := 0 for delay < 50 || delay > 500 { fmt.Print("Enter delay between repetitions in microseconds (50 to 500) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) delay, _ = strconv.Atoi(input) } decay := 0.0 for decay < 0.2 || decay > 0.9 { fmt.Print("Enter decay between repetitions (0.2 to 0.9) : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) decay, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64) } args := []string{fileName, "echo", "0.8", "0.7"} decay2 := 1.0 for i := 1; i <= reps; i++ { delayStr := strconv.Itoa(i * delay) decay2 *= decay decayStr := strconv.FormatFloat(decay2, 'f', -1, 64) args = append(args, delayStr, decayStr) } cmd := exec.Command("play", args...) err := cmd.Run() check(err) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio_ext.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "wren.h" void C_getInput(WrenVM* vm) { int maxSize = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1) + 2; char input[maxSize]; fgets(input, maxSize, stdin); __fpurge(stdin); input[strcspn(input, "\n")] = 0; wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, (const char*)input); } void C_play(WrenVM* vm) { const char *args = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(args) + 5]; strcpy(command, "play "); strcat(command, args); system(command); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "getInput(_)") == 0) return C_getInput; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "play(_)") == 0) return C_play; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "audio_overlap_loop.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Convert this Go snippet to C and keep its semantics consistent.
package main import "fmt" type Item struct { Name string Value int Weight, Volume float64 } type Result struct { Counts []int Sum int } func min(a, b int) int { if a < b { return a } return b } func Knapsack(items []Item, weight, volume float64) (best Result) { if len(items) == 0 { return } n := len(items) - 1 maxCount := min(int(weight/items[n].Weight), int(volume/items[n].Volume)) for count := 0; count <= maxCount; count++ { sol := Knapsack(items[:n], weight-float64(count)*items[n].Weight, volume-float64(count)*items[n].Volume) sol.Sum += items[n].Value * count if sol.Sum > best.Sum { sol.Counts = append(sol.Counts, count) best = sol } } return } func main() { items := []Item{ {"Panacea", 3000, 0.3, 0.025}, {"Ichor", 1800, 0.2, 0.015}, {"Gold", 2500, 2.0, 0.002}, } var sumCount, sumValue int var sumWeight, sumVolume float64 result := Knapsack(items, 25, 0.25) for i := range result.Counts { fmt.Printf("%-8s x%3d -> Weight: %4.1f Volume: %5.3f Value: %6d\n", items[i].Name, result.Counts[i], items[i].Weight*float64(result.Counts[i]), items[i].Volume*float64(result.Counts[i]), items[i].Value*result.Counts[i]) sumCount += result.Counts[i] sumValue += items[i].Value * result.Counts[i] sumWeight += items[i].Weight * float64(result.Counts[i]) sumVolume += items[i].Volume * float64(result.Counts[i]) } fmt.Printf("TOTAL (%3d items) Weight: %4.1f Volume: %5.3f Value: %6d\n", sumCount, sumWeight, sumVolume, sumValue) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> typedef struct { char *name; double value; double weight; double volume; } item_t; item_t items[] = { {"panacea", 3000.0, 0.3, 0.025}, {"ichor", 1800.0, 0.2, 0.015}, {"gold", 2500.0, 2.0, 0.002}, }; int n = sizeof (items) / sizeof (item_t); int *count; int *best; double best_value; void knapsack (int i, double value, double weight, double volume) { int j, m1, m2, m; if (i == n) { if (value > best_value) { best_value = value; for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { best[j] = count[j]; } } return; } m1 = weight / items[i].weight; m2 = volume / items[i].volume; m = m1 < m2 ? m1 : m2; for (count[i] = m; count[i] >= 0; count[i]--) { knapsack( i + 1, value + count[i] * items[i].value, weight - count[i] * items[i].weight, volume - count[i] * items[i].volume ); } } int main () { count = malloc(n * sizeof (int)); best = malloc(n * sizeof (int)); best_value = 0; knapsack(0, 0.0, 25.0, 0.25); int i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("%d %s\n", best[i], items[i].name); } printf("best value: %.0f\n", best_value); free(count); free(best); return 0; }
Port the following code from Go to C with equivalent syntax and logic.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { var pack [52]byte for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { pack[i] = 'R' pack[26+i] = 'B' } rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) rand.Shuffle(52, func(i, j int) { pack[i], pack[j] = pack[j], pack[i] }) var red, black, discard []byte for i := 0; i < 51; i += 2 { switch pack[i] { case 'B': black = append(black, pack[i+1]) case 'R': red = append(red, pack[i+1]) } discard = append(discard, pack[i]) } lr, lb, ld := len(red), len(black), len(discard) fmt.Println("After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %2d cards -> %c\n", lr, red) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %2d cards -> %c\n", lb, black) fmt.Printf(" Discard: %2d cards -> %c\n", ld, discard) min := lr if lb < min { min = lb } n := 1 + rand.Intn(min) rp := rand.Perm(lr)[:n] bp := rand.Perm(lb)[:n] fmt.Printf("\n%d card(s) are to be swapped.\n\n", n) fmt.Println("The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %2d\n", rp) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %2d\n", bp) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { red[rp[i]], black[bp[i]] = black[bp[i]], red[rp[i]] } fmt.Println("\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %c\n", red) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %c\n", black) rcount, bcount := 0, 0 for _, c := range red { if c == 'R' { rcount++ } } for _, c := range black { if c == 'B' { bcount++ } } fmt.Println("\nThe number of red cards in the red stack =", rcount) fmt.Println("The number of black cards in the black stack =", bcount) if rcount == bcount { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is correct!") } else { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is incorrect!") } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #define SIM_N 5 #define PRINT_DISCARDED 1 #define min(x,y) ((x<y)?(x):(y)) typedef uint8_t card_t; unsigned int rand_n(unsigned int n) { unsigned int out, mask = 1; while (mask < n) mask = mask<<1 | 1; do { out = rand() & mask; } while (out >= n); return out; } card_t rand_card() { return rand_n(52); } void print_card(card_t card) { static char *suits = "HCDS"; static char *cards[] = {"A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"}; printf(" %s%c", cards[card>>2], suits[card&3]); } void shuffle(card_t *pack) { int card; card_t temp, randpos; for (card=0; card<52; card++) { randpos = rand_card(); temp = pack[card]; pack[card] = pack[randpos]; pack[randpos] = temp; } } int trick() { card_t pack[52]; card_t blacks[52/4], reds[52/4]; card_t top, x, card; int blackn=0, redn=0, blacksw=0, redsw=0, result; for (card=0; card<52; card++) pack[card] = card; shuffle(pack); #if PRINT_DISCARDED printf("Discarded:"); #endif for (card=0; card<52; card += 2) { top = pack[card]; if (top & 1) { blacks[blackn++] = pack[card+1]; } else { reds[redn++] = pack[card+1]; } #if PRINT_DISCARDED print_card(top); #endif } #if PRINT_DISCARDED printf("\n"); #endif x = rand_n(min(blackn, redn)); for (card=0; card<x; card++) { blacksw = rand_n(blackn); redsw = rand_n(redn); top = blacks[blacksw]; blacks[blacksw] = reds[redsw]; reds[redsw] = top; } result = 0; for (card=0; card<blackn; card++) result += (blacks[card] & 1) == 1; for (card=0; card<redn; card++) result -= (reds[card] & 1) == 0; result = !result; printf("The number of black cards in the 'black' pile" " %s the number of red cards in the 'red' pile.\n", result? "equals" : "does not equal"); return result; } int main() { unsigned int seed, i, successes = 0; FILE *r; if ((r = fopen("/dev/urandom", "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } if (fread(&seed, sizeof(unsigned int), 1, r) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to read from /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } fclose(r); srand(seed); for (i=1; i<=SIM_N; i++) { printf("Simulation %d\n", i); successes += trick(); printf("\n"); } printf("Result: %d successes out of %d simulations\n", successes, SIM_N); return 0; }
Generate a C translation of this Go snippet without changing its computational steps.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { var pack [52]byte for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { pack[i] = 'R' pack[26+i] = 'B' } rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) rand.Shuffle(52, func(i, j int) { pack[i], pack[j] = pack[j], pack[i] }) var red, black, discard []byte for i := 0; i < 51; i += 2 { switch pack[i] { case 'B': black = append(black, pack[i+1]) case 'R': red = append(red, pack[i+1]) } discard = append(discard, pack[i]) } lr, lb, ld := len(red), len(black), len(discard) fmt.Println("After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %2d cards -> %c\n", lr, red) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %2d cards -> %c\n", lb, black) fmt.Printf(" Discard: %2d cards -> %c\n", ld, discard) min := lr if lb < min { min = lb } n := 1 + rand.Intn(min) rp := rand.Perm(lr)[:n] bp := rand.Perm(lb)[:n] fmt.Printf("\n%d card(s) are to be swapped.\n\n", n) fmt.Println("The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %2d\n", rp) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %2d\n", bp) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { red[rp[i]], black[bp[i]] = black[bp[i]], red[rp[i]] } fmt.Println("\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %c\n", red) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %c\n", black) rcount, bcount := 0, 0 for _, c := range red { if c == 'R' { rcount++ } } for _, c := range black { if c == 'B' { bcount++ } } fmt.Println("\nThe number of red cards in the red stack =", rcount) fmt.Println("The number of black cards in the black stack =", bcount) if rcount == bcount { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is correct!") } else { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is incorrect!") } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #define SIM_N 5 #define PRINT_DISCARDED 1 #define min(x,y) ((x<y)?(x):(y)) typedef uint8_t card_t; unsigned int rand_n(unsigned int n) { unsigned int out, mask = 1; while (mask < n) mask = mask<<1 | 1; do { out = rand() & mask; } while (out >= n); return out; } card_t rand_card() { return rand_n(52); } void print_card(card_t card) { static char *suits = "HCDS"; static char *cards[] = {"A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"}; printf(" %s%c", cards[card>>2], suits[card&3]); } void shuffle(card_t *pack) { int card; card_t temp, randpos; for (card=0; card<52; card++) { randpos = rand_card(); temp = pack[card]; pack[card] = pack[randpos]; pack[randpos] = temp; } } int trick() { card_t pack[52]; card_t blacks[52/4], reds[52/4]; card_t top, x, card; int blackn=0, redn=0, blacksw=0, redsw=0, result; for (card=0; card<52; card++) pack[card] = card; shuffle(pack); #if PRINT_DISCARDED printf("Discarded:"); #endif for (card=0; card<52; card += 2) { top = pack[card]; if (top & 1) { blacks[blackn++] = pack[card+1]; } else { reds[redn++] = pack[card+1]; } #if PRINT_DISCARDED print_card(top); #endif } #if PRINT_DISCARDED printf("\n"); #endif x = rand_n(min(blackn, redn)); for (card=0; card<x; card++) { blacksw = rand_n(blackn); redsw = rand_n(redn); top = blacks[blacksw]; blacks[blacksw] = reds[redsw]; reds[redsw] = top; } result = 0; for (card=0; card<blackn; card++) result += (blacks[card] & 1) == 1; for (card=0; card<redn; card++) result -= (reds[card] & 1) == 0; result = !result; printf("The number of black cards in the 'black' pile" " %s the number of red cards in the 'red' pile.\n", result? "equals" : "does not equal"); return result; } int main() { unsigned int seed, i, successes = 0; FILE *r; if ((r = fopen("/dev/urandom", "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } if (fread(&seed, sizeof(unsigned int), 1, r) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to read from /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } fclose(r); srand(seed); for (i=1; i<=SIM_N; i++) { printf("Simulation %d\n", i); successes += trick(); printf("\n"); } printf("Result: %d successes out of %d simulations\n", successes, SIM_N); return 0; }
Rewrite this program in C while keeping its functionality equivalent to the Go version.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" "time" ) func main() { var pack [52]byte for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { pack[i] = 'R' pack[26+i] = 'B' } rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano()) rand.Shuffle(52, func(i, j int) { pack[i], pack[j] = pack[j], pack[i] }) var red, black, discard []byte for i := 0; i < 51; i += 2 { switch pack[i] { case 'B': black = append(black, pack[i+1]) case 'R': red = append(red, pack[i+1]) } discard = append(discard, pack[i]) } lr, lb, ld := len(red), len(black), len(discard) fmt.Println("After dealing the cards the state of the stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %2d cards -> %c\n", lr, red) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %2d cards -> %c\n", lb, black) fmt.Printf(" Discard: %2d cards -> %c\n", ld, discard) min := lr if lb < min { min = lb } n := 1 + rand.Intn(min) rp := rand.Perm(lr)[:n] bp := rand.Perm(lb)[:n] fmt.Printf("\n%d card(s) are to be swapped.\n\n", n) fmt.Println("The respective zero-based indices of the cards(s) to be swapped are:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %2d\n", rp) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %2d\n", bp) for i := 0; i < n; i++ { red[rp[i]], black[bp[i]] = black[bp[i]], red[rp[i]] } fmt.Println("\nAfter swapping, the state of the red and black stacks is:") fmt.Printf(" Red  : %c\n", red) fmt.Printf(" Black  : %c\n", black) rcount, bcount := 0, 0 for _, c := range red { if c == 'R' { rcount++ } } for _, c := range black { if c == 'B' { bcount++ } } fmt.Println("\nThe number of red cards in the red stack =", rcount) fmt.Println("The number of black cards in the black stack =", bcount) if rcount == bcount { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is correct!") } else { fmt.Println("So the asssertion is incorrect!") } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdint.h> #define SIM_N 5 #define PRINT_DISCARDED 1 #define min(x,y) ((x<y)?(x):(y)) typedef uint8_t card_t; unsigned int rand_n(unsigned int n) { unsigned int out, mask = 1; while (mask < n) mask = mask<<1 | 1; do { out = rand() & mask; } while (out >= n); return out; } card_t rand_card() { return rand_n(52); } void print_card(card_t card) { static char *suits = "HCDS"; static char *cards[] = {"A","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","K"}; printf(" %s%c", cards[card>>2], suits[card&3]); } void shuffle(card_t *pack) { int card; card_t temp, randpos; for (card=0; card<52; card++) { randpos = rand_card(); temp = pack[card]; pack[card] = pack[randpos]; pack[randpos] = temp; } } int trick() { card_t pack[52]; card_t blacks[52/4], reds[52/4]; card_t top, x, card; int blackn=0, redn=0, blacksw=0, redsw=0, result; for (card=0; card<52; card++) pack[card] = card; shuffle(pack); #if PRINT_DISCARDED printf("Discarded:"); #endif for (card=0; card<52; card += 2) { top = pack[card]; if (top & 1) { blacks[blackn++] = pack[card+1]; } else { reds[redn++] = pack[card+1]; } #if PRINT_DISCARDED print_card(top); #endif } #if PRINT_DISCARDED printf("\n"); #endif x = rand_n(min(blackn, redn)); for (card=0; card<x; card++) { blacksw = rand_n(blackn); redsw = rand_n(redn); top = blacks[blacksw]; blacks[blacksw] = reds[redsw]; reds[redsw] = top; } result = 0; for (card=0; card<blackn; card++) result += (blacks[card] & 1) == 1; for (card=0; card<redn; card++) result -= (reds[card] & 1) == 0; result = !result; printf("The number of black cards in the 'black' pile" " %s the number of red cards in the 'red' pile.\n", result? "equals" : "does not equal"); return result; } int main() { unsigned int seed, i, successes = 0; FILE *r; if ((r = fopen("/dev/urandom", "r")) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "cannot open /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } if (fread(&seed, sizeof(unsigned int), 1, r) != 1) { fprintf(stderr, "failed to read from /dev/urandom\n"); return 255; } fclose(r); srand(seed); for (i=1; i<=SIM_N; i++) { printf("Simulation %d\n", i); successes += trick(); printf("\n"); } printf("Result: %d successes out of %d simulations\n", successes, SIM_N); return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C while preserving the original functionality.
package main import ( "bufio" "flag" "fmt" "io" "log" "os" "strings" "unicode" ) func main() { log.SetFlags(0) log.SetPrefix("textonyms: ") wordlist := flag.String("wordlist", "wordlist", "file containing the list of words to check") flag.Parse() if flag.NArg() != 0 { flag.Usage() os.Exit(2) } t := NewTextonym(phoneMap) _, err := ReadFromFile(t, *wordlist) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } t.Report(os.Stdout, *wordlist) } var phoneMap = map[byte][]rune{ '2': []rune("ABC"), '3': []rune("DEF"), '4': []rune("GHI"), '5': []rune("JKL"), '6': []rune("MNO"), '7': []rune("PQRS"), '8': []rune("TUV"), '9': []rune("WXYZ"), } func ReadFromFile(r io.ReaderFrom, filename string) (int64, error) { f, err := os.Open(filename) if err != nil { return 0, err } n, err := r.ReadFrom(f) if cerr := f.Close(); err == nil && cerr != nil { err = cerr } return n, err } type Textonym struct { numberMap map[string][]string letterMap map[rune]byte count int textonyms int } func NewTextonym(dm map[byte][]rune) *Textonym { lm := make(map[rune]byte, 26) for d, ll := range dm { for _, l := range ll { lm[l] = d } } return &Textonym{letterMap: lm} } func (t *Textonym) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) { t.numberMap = make(map[string][]string) buf := make([]byte, 0, 32) sc := bufio.NewScanner(r) sc.Split(bufio.ScanWords) scan: for sc.Scan() { buf = buf[:0] word := sc.Text() n += int64(len(word)) + 1 for _, r := range word { d, ok := t.letterMap[unicode.ToUpper(r)] if !ok { continue scan } buf = append(buf, d) } num := string(buf) t.numberMap[num] = append(t.numberMap[num], word) t.count++ if len(t.numberMap[num]) == 2 { t.textonyms++ } } return n, sc.Err() } func (t *Textonym) Most() (most int, subset map[string][]string) { for k, v := range t.numberMap { switch { case len(v) > most: subset = make(map[string][]string) most = len(v) fallthrough case len(v) == most: subset[k] = v } } return most, subset } func (t *Textonym) Report(w io.Writer, name string) { fmt.Fprintf(w, ` There are %v words in %q which can be represented by the digit key mapping. They require %v digit combinations to represent them. %v digit combinations represent Textonyms. `, t.count, name, len(t.numberMap), t.textonyms) n, sub := t.Most() fmt.Fprintln(w, "\nThe numbers mapping to the most words map to", n, "words each:") for k, v := range sub { fmt.Fprintln(w, "\t", k, "maps to:", strings.Join(v, ", ")) } }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <glib.h> char text_char(char c) { switch (c) { case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': return '2'; case 'd': case 'e': case 'f': return '3'; case 'g': case 'h': case 'i': return '4'; case 'j': case 'k': case 'l': return '5'; case 'm': case 'n': case 'o': return '6'; case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': return '7'; case 't': case 'u': case 'v': return '8'; case 'w': case 'x': case 'y': case 'z': return '9'; default: return 0; } } bool text_string(const GString* word, GString* text) { g_string_set_size(text, word->len); for (size_t i = 0; i < word->len; ++i) { char c = text_char(g_ascii_tolower(word->str[i])); if (c == 0) return false; text->str[i] = c; } return true; } typedef struct textonym_tag { const char* text; size_t length; GPtrArray* words; } textonym_t; int compare_by_text_length(const void* p1, const void* p2) { const textonym_t* t1 = p1; const textonym_t* t2 = p2; if (t1->length > t2->length) return -1; if (t1->length < t2->length) return 1; return strcmp(t1->text, t2->text); } int compare_by_word_count(const void* p1, const void* p2) { const textonym_t* t1 = p1; const textonym_t* t2 = p2; if (t1->words->len > t2->words->len) return -1; if (t1->words->len < t2->words->len) return 1; return strcmp(t1->text, t2->text); } void print_words(GPtrArray* words) { for (guint i = 0, n = words->len; i < n; ++i) { if (i > 0) printf(", "); printf("%s", g_ptr_array_index(words, i)); } printf("\n"); } void print_top_words(GArray* textonyms, guint top) { for (guint i = 0; i < top; ++i) { const textonym_t* t = &g_array_index(textonyms, textonym_t, i); printf("%s = ", t->text); print_words(t->words); } } void free_strings(gpointer ptr) { g_ptr_array_free(ptr, TRUE); } bool find_textonyms(const char* filename, GError** error_ptr) { GError* error = NULL; GIOChannel* channel = g_io_channel_new_file(filename, "r", &error); if (channel == NULL) { g_propagate_error(error_ptr, error); return false; } GHashTable* ht = g_hash_table_new_full(g_str_hash, g_str_equal, g_free, free_strings); GString* word = g_string_sized_new(64); GString* text = g_string_sized_new(64); guint count = 0; gsize term_pos; while (g_io_channel_read_line_string(channel, word, &term_pos, &error) == G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) { g_string_truncate(word, term_pos); if (!text_string(word, text)) continue; GPtrArray* words = g_hash_table_lookup(ht, text->str); if (words == NULL) { words = g_ptr_array_new_full(1, g_free); g_hash_table_insert(ht, g_strdup(text->str), words); } g_ptr_array_add(words, g_strdup(word->str)); ++count; } g_io_channel_unref(channel); g_string_free(word, TRUE); g_string_free(text, TRUE); if (error != NULL) { g_propagate_error(error_ptr, error); g_hash_table_destroy(ht); return false; } GArray* words = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(textonym_t)); GHashTableIter iter; gpointer key, value; g_hash_table_iter_init(&iter, ht); while (g_hash_table_iter_next(&iter, &key, &value)) { GPtrArray* v = value; if (v->len > 1) { textonym_t textonym; textonym.text = key; textonym.length = strlen(key); textonym.words = v; g_array_append_val(words, textonym); } } printf("There are %u words in '%s' which can be represented by the digit key mapping.\n", count, filename); guint size = g_hash_table_size(ht); printf("They require %u digit combinations to represent them.\n", size); guint textonyms = words->len; printf("%u digit combinations represent Textonyms.\n", textonyms); guint top = 5; if (textonyms < top) top = textonyms; printf("\nTop %u by number of words:\n", top); g_array_sort(words, compare_by_word_count); print_top_words(words, top); printf("\nTop %u by length:\n", top); g_array_sort(words, compare_by_text_length); print_top_words(words, top); g_array_free(words, TRUE); g_hash_table_destroy(ht); return true; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s word-list\n", argv[0]); return EXIT_FAILURE; } GError* error = NULL; if (!find_textonyms(argv[1], &error)) { if (error != NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[1], error->message); g_error_free(error); } return EXIT_FAILURE; } return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package raster const b2Seg = 20 func (b *Bitmap) Bézier2(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 int, p Pixel) { var px, py [b2Seg + 1]int fx1, fy1 := float64(x1), float64(y1) fx2, fy2 := float64(x2), float64(y2) fx3, fy3 := float64(x3), float64(y3) for i := range px { c := float64(i) / b2Seg a := 1 - c a, b, c := a*a, 2 * c * a, c*c px[i] = int(a*fx1 + b*fx2 + c*fx3) py[i] = int(a*fy1 + b*fy2 + c*fy3) } x0, y0 := px[0], py[0] for i := 1; i <= b2Seg; i++ { x1, y1 := px[i], py[i] b.Line(x0, y0, x1, y1, p) x0, y0 = x1, y1 } } func (b *Bitmap) Bézier2Rgb(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3 int, c Rgb) { b.Bézier2(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, c.Pixel()) }
void quad_bezier( image img, unsigned int x1, unsigned int y1, unsigned int x2, unsigned int y2, unsigned int x3, unsigned int y3, color_component r, color_component g, color_component b );
Please provide an equivalent version of this Go code in C.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "os/exec" "strconv" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func main() { const sec = "00:00:01" scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin) name := "" for name == "" { fmt.Print("Enter name of audio file to be trimmed : ") scanner.Scan() name = scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) } name2 := "" for name2 == "" { fmt.Print("Enter name of output file  : ") scanner.Scan() name2 = scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) } squelch := 0.0 for squelch < 1 || squelch > 10 { fmt.Print("Enter squelch level % max (1 to 10)  : ") scanner.Scan() input := scanner.Text() check(scanner.Err()) squelch, _ = strconv.ParseFloat(input, 64) } squelchS := strconv.FormatFloat(squelch, 'f', -1, 64) + "%" tmp1 := "tmp1_" + name tmp2 := "tmp2_" + name args := []string{name, tmp1, "silence", "1", sec, squelchS} cmd := exec.Command("sox", args...) err := cmd.Run() check(err) args = []string{tmp1, tmp2, "reverse"} cmd = exec.Command("sox", args...) err = cmd.Run() check(err) args = []string{tmp2, tmp1, "silence", "1", sec, squelchS} cmd = exec.Command("sox", args...) err = cmd.Run() check(err) args = []string{tmp1, name2, "reverse"} cmd = exec.Command("sox", args...) err = cmd.Run() check(err) err = os.Remove(tmp1) check(err) err = os.Remove(tmp2) check(err) }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio_ext.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include "wren.h" void C_getInput(WrenVM* vm) { int maxSize = (int)wrenGetSlotDouble(vm, 1) + 2; char input[maxSize]; fgets(input, maxSize, stdin); __fpurge(stdin); input[strcspn(input, "\n")] = 0; wrenSetSlotString(vm, 0, (const char*)input); } void C_sox(WrenVM* vm) { const char *args = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); char command[strlen(args) + 4]; strcpy(command, "sox "); strcat(command, args); system(command); } void C_removeFile(WrenVM* vm) { const char *name = wrenGetSlotString(vm, 1); if (remove(name) != 0) perror("Error deleting file."); } WrenForeignMethodFn bindForeignMethod( WrenVM* vm, const char* module, const char* className, bool isStatic, const char* signature) { if (strcmp(module, "main") == 0) { if (strcmp(className, "C") == 0) { if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "getInput(_)") == 0) return C_getInput; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "sox(_)") == 0) return C_sox; if (isStatic && strcmp(signature, "removeFile(_)") == 0) return C_removeFile; } } return NULL; } static void writeFn(WrenVM* vm, const char* text) { printf("%s", text); } void errorFn(WrenVM* vm, WrenErrorType errorType, const char* module, const int line, const char* msg) { switch (errorType) { case WREN_ERROR_COMPILE: printf("[%s line %d] [Error] %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_STACK_TRACE: printf("[%s line %d] in %s\n", module, line, msg); break; case WREN_ERROR_RUNTIME: printf("[Runtime Error] %s\n", msg); break; } } char *readFile(const char *fileName) { FILE *f = fopen(fileName, "r"); fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsize = ftell(f); rewind(f); char *script = malloc(fsize + 1); fread(script, 1, fsize, f); fclose(f); script[fsize] = 0; return script; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { WrenConfiguration config; wrenInitConfiguration(&config); config.writeFn = &writeFn; config.errorFn = &errorFn; config.bindForeignMethodFn = &bindForeignMethod; WrenVM* vm = wrenNewVM(&config); const char* module = "main"; const char* fileName = "waveform_analysis_top_and_tail.wren"; char *script = readFile(fileName); WrenInterpretResult result = wrenInterpret(vm, module, script); switch (result) { case WREN_RESULT_COMPILE_ERROR: printf("Compile Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR: printf("Runtime Error!\n"); break; case WREN_RESULT_SUCCESS: break; } wrenFreeVM(vm); free(script); return 0; }
Keep all operations the same but rewrite the snippet in C.
package astar import "container/heap" type Node interface { To() []Arc Heuristic(from Node) int } type Arc struct { To Node Cost int } type rNode struct { n Node from Node l int g int f int fx int } type openHeap []*rNode func Route(start, end Node) (route []Node, cost int) { cr := &rNode{n: start, l: 1, f: end.Heuristic(start)} r := map[Node]*rNode{start: cr} oh := openHeap{cr} for len(oh) > 0 { bestRoute := heap.Pop(&oh).(*rNode) bestNode := bestRoute.n if bestNode == end { cost = bestRoute.g route = make([]Node, bestRoute.l) for i := len(route) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { route[i] = bestRoute.n bestRoute = r[bestRoute.from] } return } l := bestRoute.l + 1 for _, to := range bestNode.To() { g := bestRoute.g + to.Cost if alt, ok := r[to.To]; !ok { alt = &rNode{n: to.To, from: bestNode, l: l, g: g, f: g + end.Heuristic(to.To)} r[to.To] = alt heap.Push(&oh, alt) } else { if g >= alt.g { continue } alt.from = bestNode alt.l = l alt.g = g alt.f = end.Heuristic(alt.n) if alt.fx < 0 { heap.Push(&oh, alt) } else { heap.Fix(&oh, alt.fx) } } } } return nil, 0 } func (h openHeap) Len() int { return len(h) } func (h openHeap) Less(i, j int) bool { return h[i].f < h[j].f } func (h openHeap) Swap(i, j int) { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] h[i].fx = i h[j].fx = j } func (p *openHeap) Push(x interface{}) { h := *p fx := len(h) h = append(h, x.(*rNode)) h[fx].fx = fx *p = h } func (p *openHeap) Pop() interface{} { h := *p last := len(h) - 1 *p = h[:last] h[last].fx = -1 return h[last] }
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <float.h> #include <iso646.h> #include <math.h> #define map_size_rows 10 #define map_size_cols 10 char map[map_size_rows][map_size_cols] = { {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1} }; struct stop { double col, row; int * n; int n_len; double f, g, h; int from; }; int ind[map_size_rows][map_size_cols] = { {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1} }; struct route { int x; int y; double d; }; int main() { int i, j, k, l, b, found; int p_len = 0; int * path = NULL; int c_len = 0; int * closed = NULL; int o_len = 1; int * open = (int*)calloc(o_len, sizeof(int)); double min, tempg; int s; int e; int current; int s_len = 0; struct stop * stops = NULL; int r_len = 0; struct route * routes = NULL; for (i = 1; i < map_size_rows - 1; i++) { for (j = 1; j < map_size_cols - 1; j++) { if (!map[i][j]) { ++s_len; stops = (struct stop *)realloc(stops, s_len * sizeof(struct stop)); int t = s_len - 1; stops[t].col = j; stops[t].row = i; stops[t].from = -1; stops[t].g = DBL_MAX; stops[t].n_len = 0; stops[t].n = NULL; ind[i][j] = t; } } } s = 0; e = s_len - 1; for (i = 0; i < s_len; i++) { stops[i].h = sqrt(pow(stops[e].row - stops[i].row, 2) + pow(stops[e].col - stops[i].col, 2)); } for (i = 1; i < map_size_rows - 1; i++) { for (j = 1; j < map_size_cols - 1; j++) { if (ind[i][j] >= 0) { for (k = i - 1; k <= i + 1; k++) { for (l = j - 1; l <= j + 1; l++) { if ((k == i) and (l == j)) { continue; } if (ind[k][l] >= 0) { ++r_len; routes = (struct route *)realloc(routes, r_len * sizeof(struct route)); int t = r_len - 1; routes[t].x = ind[i][j]; routes[t].y = ind[k][l]; routes[t].d = sqrt(pow(stops[routes[t].y].row - stops[routes[t].x].row, 2) + pow(stops[routes[t].y].col - stops[routes[t].x].col, 2)); ++stops[routes[t].x].n_len; stops[routes[t].x].n = (int*)realloc(stops[routes[t].x].n, stops[routes[t].x].n_len * sizeof(int)); stops[routes[t].x].n[stops[routes[t].x].n_len - 1] = t; } } } } } } open[0] = s; stops[s].g = 0; stops[s].f = stops[s].g + stops[s].h; found = 0; while (o_len and not found) { min = DBL_MAX; for (i = 0; i < o_len; i++) { if (stops[open[i]].f < min) { current = open[i]; min = stops[open[i]].f; } } if (current == e) { found = 1; ++p_len; path = (int*)realloc(path, p_len * sizeof(int)); path[p_len - 1] = current; while (stops[current].from >= 0) { current = stops[current].from; ++p_len; path = (int*)realloc(path, p_len * sizeof(int)); path[p_len - 1] = current; } } for (i = 0; i < o_len; i++) { if (open[i] == current) { if (i not_eq (o_len - 1)) { for (j = i; j < (o_len - 1); j++) { open[j] = open[j + 1]; } } --o_len; open = (int*)realloc(open, o_len * sizeof(int)); break; } } ++c_len; closed = (int*)realloc(closed, c_len * sizeof(int)); closed[c_len - 1] = current; for (i = 0; i < stops[current].n_len; i++) { b = 0; for (j = 0; j < c_len; j++) { if (routes[stops[current].n[i]].y == closed[j]) { b = 1; } } if (b) { continue; } tempg = stops[current].g + routes[stops[current].n[i]].d; b = 1; if (o_len > 0) { for (j = 0; j < o_len; j++) { if (routes[stops[current].n[i]].y == open[j]) { b = 0; } } } if (b or (tempg < stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g)) { stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].from = current; stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g = tempg; stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].f = stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g + stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].h; if (b) { ++o_len; open = (int*)realloc(open, o_len * sizeof(int)); open[o_len - 1] = routes[stops[current].n[i]].y; } } } } for (i = 0; i < map_size_rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < map_size_cols; j++) { if (map[i][j]) { putchar(0xdb); } else { b = 0; for (k = 0; k < p_len; k++) { if (ind[i][j] == path[k]) { ++b; } } if (b) { putchar('x'); } else { putchar('.'); } } } putchar('\n'); } if (not found) { puts("IMPOSSIBLE"); } else { printf("path cost is %d:\n", p_len); for (i = p_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) { printf("(%1.0f, %1.0f)\n", stops[path[i]].col, stops[path[i]].row); } } for (i = 0; i < s_len; ++i) { free(stops[i].n); } free(stops); free(routes); free(path); free(open); free(closed); return 0; }
Port the provided Go code into C while preserving the original functionality.
package astar import "container/heap" type Node interface { To() []Arc Heuristic(from Node) int } type Arc struct { To Node Cost int } type rNode struct { n Node from Node l int g int f int fx int } type openHeap []*rNode func Route(start, end Node) (route []Node, cost int) { cr := &rNode{n: start, l: 1, f: end.Heuristic(start)} r := map[Node]*rNode{start: cr} oh := openHeap{cr} for len(oh) > 0 { bestRoute := heap.Pop(&oh).(*rNode) bestNode := bestRoute.n if bestNode == end { cost = bestRoute.g route = make([]Node, bestRoute.l) for i := len(route) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { route[i] = bestRoute.n bestRoute = r[bestRoute.from] } return } l := bestRoute.l + 1 for _, to := range bestNode.To() { g := bestRoute.g + to.Cost if alt, ok := r[to.To]; !ok { alt = &rNode{n: to.To, from: bestNode, l: l, g: g, f: g + end.Heuristic(to.To)} r[to.To] = alt heap.Push(&oh, alt) } else { if g >= alt.g { continue } alt.from = bestNode alt.l = l alt.g = g alt.f = end.Heuristic(alt.n) if alt.fx < 0 { heap.Push(&oh, alt) } else { heap.Fix(&oh, alt.fx) } } } } return nil, 0 } func (h openHeap) Len() int { return len(h) } func (h openHeap) Less(i, j int) bool { return h[i].f < h[j].f } func (h openHeap) Swap(i, j int) { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] h[i].fx = i h[j].fx = j } func (p *openHeap) Push(x interface{}) { h := *p fx := len(h) h = append(h, x.(*rNode)) h[fx].fx = fx *p = h } func (p *openHeap) Pop() interface{} { h := *p last := len(h) - 1 *p = h[:last] h[last].fx = -1 return h[last] }
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <float.h> #include <iso646.h> #include <math.h> #define map_size_rows 10 #define map_size_cols 10 char map[map_size_rows][map_size_cols] = { {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1} }; struct stop { double col, row; int * n; int n_len; double f, g, h; int from; }; int ind[map_size_rows][map_size_cols] = { {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1} }; struct route { int x; int y; double d; }; int main() { int i, j, k, l, b, found; int p_len = 0; int * path = NULL; int c_len = 0; int * closed = NULL; int o_len = 1; int * open = (int*)calloc(o_len, sizeof(int)); double min, tempg; int s; int e; int current; int s_len = 0; struct stop * stops = NULL; int r_len = 0; struct route * routes = NULL; for (i = 1; i < map_size_rows - 1; i++) { for (j = 1; j < map_size_cols - 1; j++) { if (!map[i][j]) { ++s_len; stops = (struct stop *)realloc(stops, s_len * sizeof(struct stop)); int t = s_len - 1; stops[t].col = j; stops[t].row = i; stops[t].from = -1; stops[t].g = DBL_MAX; stops[t].n_len = 0; stops[t].n = NULL; ind[i][j] = t; } } } s = 0; e = s_len - 1; for (i = 0; i < s_len; i++) { stops[i].h = sqrt(pow(stops[e].row - stops[i].row, 2) + pow(stops[e].col - stops[i].col, 2)); } for (i = 1; i < map_size_rows - 1; i++) { for (j = 1; j < map_size_cols - 1; j++) { if (ind[i][j] >= 0) { for (k = i - 1; k <= i + 1; k++) { for (l = j - 1; l <= j + 1; l++) { if ((k == i) and (l == j)) { continue; } if (ind[k][l] >= 0) { ++r_len; routes = (struct route *)realloc(routes, r_len * sizeof(struct route)); int t = r_len - 1; routes[t].x = ind[i][j]; routes[t].y = ind[k][l]; routes[t].d = sqrt(pow(stops[routes[t].y].row - stops[routes[t].x].row, 2) + pow(stops[routes[t].y].col - stops[routes[t].x].col, 2)); ++stops[routes[t].x].n_len; stops[routes[t].x].n = (int*)realloc(stops[routes[t].x].n, stops[routes[t].x].n_len * sizeof(int)); stops[routes[t].x].n[stops[routes[t].x].n_len - 1] = t; } } } } } } open[0] = s; stops[s].g = 0; stops[s].f = stops[s].g + stops[s].h; found = 0; while (o_len and not found) { min = DBL_MAX; for (i = 0; i < o_len; i++) { if (stops[open[i]].f < min) { current = open[i]; min = stops[open[i]].f; } } if (current == e) { found = 1; ++p_len; path = (int*)realloc(path, p_len * sizeof(int)); path[p_len - 1] = current; while (stops[current].from >= 0) { current = stops[current].from; ++p_len; path = (int*)realloc(path, p_len * sizeof(int)); path[p_len - 1] = current; } } for (i = 0; i < o_len; i++) { if (open[i] == current) { if (i not_eq (o_len - 1)) { for (j = i; j < (o_len - 1); j++) { open[j] = open[j + 1]; } } --o_len; open = (int*)realloc(open, o_len * sizeof(int)); break; } } ++c_len; closed = (int*)realloc(closed, c_len * sizeof(int)); closed[c_len - 1] = current; for (i = 0; i < stops[current].n_len; i++) { b = 0; for (j = 0; j < c_len; j++) { if (routes[stops[current].n[i]].y == closed[j]) { b = 1; } } if (b) { continue; } tempg = stops[current].g + routes[stops[current].n[i]].d; b = 1; if (o_len > 0) { for (j = 0; j < o_len; j++) { if (routes[stops[current].n[i]].y == open[j]) { b = 0; } } } if (b or (tempg < stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g)) { stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].from = current; stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g = tempg; stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].f = stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g + stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].h; if (b) { ++o_len; open = (int*)realloc(open, o_len * sizeof(int)); open[o_len - 1] = routes[stops[current].n[i]].y; } } } } for (i = 0; i < map_size_rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < map_size_cols; j++) { if (map[i][j]) { putchar(0xdb); } else { b = 0; for (k = 0; k < p_len; k++) { if (ind[i][j] == path[k]) { ++b; } } if (b) { putchar('x'); } else { putchar('.'); } } } putchar('\n'); } if (not found) { puts("IMPOSSIBLE"); } else { printf("path cost is %d:\n", p_len); for (i = p_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) { printf("(%1.0f, %1.0f)\n", stops[path[i]].col, stops[path[i]].row); } } for (i = 0; i < s_len; ++i) { free(stops[i].n); } free(stops); free(routes); free(path); free(open); free(closed); return 0; }
Translate this program into C but keep the logic exactly as in Go.
package astar import "container/heap" type Node interface { To() []Arc Heuristic(from Node) int } type Arc struct { To Node Cost int } type rNode struct { n Node from Node l int g int f int fx int } type openHeap []*rNode func Route(start, end Node) (route []Node, cost int) { cr := &rNode{n: start, l: 1, f: end.Heuristic(start)} r := map[Node]*rNode{start: cr} oh := openHeap{cr} for len(oh) > 0 { bestRoute := heap.Pop(&oh).(*rNode) bestNode := bestRoute.n if bestNode == end { cost = bestRoute.g route = make([]Node, bestRoute.l) for i := len(route) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { route[i] = bestRoute.n bestRoute = r[bestRoute.from] } return } l := bestRoute.l + 1 for _, to := range bestNode.To() { g := bestRoute.g + to.Cost if alt, ok := r[to.To]; !ok { alt = &rNode{n: to.To, from: bestNode, l: l, g: g, f: g + end.Heuristic(to.To)} r[to.To] = alt heap.Push(&oh, alt) } else { if g >= alt.g { continue } alt.from = bestNode alt.l = l alt.g = g alt.f = end.Heuristic(alt.n) if alt.fx < 0 { heap.Push(&oh, alt) } else { heap.Fix(&oh, alt.fx) } } } } return nil, 0 } func (h openHeap) Len() int { return len(h) } func (h openHeap) Less(i, j int) bool { return h[i].f < h[j].f } func (h openHeap) Swap(i, j int) { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] h[i].fx = i h[j].fx = j } func (p *openHeap) Push(x interface{}) { h := *p fx := len(h) h = append(h, x.(*rNode)) h[fx].fx = fx *p = h } func (p *openHeap) Pop() interface{} { h := *p last := len(h) - 1 *p = h[:last] h[last].fx = -1 return h[last] }
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <float.h> #include <iso646.h> #include <math.h> #define map_size_rows 10 #define map_size_cols 10 char map[map_size_rows][map_size_cols] = { {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1} }; struct stop { double col, row; int * n; int n_len; double f, g, h; int from; }; int ind[map_size_rows][map_size_cols] = { {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}, {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1} }; struct route { int x; int y; double d; }; int main() { int i, j, k, l, b, found; int p_len = 0; int * path = NULL; int c_len = 0; int * closed = NULL; int o_len = 1; int * open = (int*)calloc(o_len, sizeof(int)); double min, tempg; int s; int e; int current; int s_len = 0; struct stop * stops = NULL; int r_len = 0; struct route * routes = NULL; for (i = 1; i < map_size_rows - 1; i++) { for (j = 1; j < map_size_cols - 1; j++) { if (!map[i][j]) { ++s_len; stops = (struct stop *)realloc(stops, s_len * sizeof(struct stop)); int t = s_len - 1; stops[t].col = j; stops[t].row = i; stops[t].from = -1; stops[t].g = DBL_MAX; stops[t].n_len = 0; stops[t].n = NULL; ind[i][j] = t; } } } s = 0; e = s_len - 1; for (i = 0; i < s_len; i++) { stops[i].h = sqrt(pow(stops[e].row - stops[i].row, 2) + pow(stops[e].col - stops[i].col, 2)); } for (i = 1; i < map_size_rows - 1; i++) { for (j = 1; j < map_size_cols - 1; j++) { if (ind[i][j] >= 0) { for (k = i - 1; k <= i + 1; k++) { for (l = j - 1; l <= j + 1; l++) { if ((k == i) and (l == j)) { continue; } if (ind[k][l] >= 0) { ++r_len; routes = (struct route *)realloc(routes, r_len * sizeof(struct route)); int t = r_len - 1; routes[t].x = ind[i][j]; routes[t].y = ind[k][l]; routes[t].d = sqrt(pow(stops[routes[t].y].row - stops[routes[t].x].row, 2) + pow(stops[routes[t].y].col - stops[routes[t].x].col, 2)); ++stops[routes[t].x].n_len; stops[routes[t].x].n = (int*)realloc(stops[routes[t].x].n, stops[routes[t].x].n_len * sizeof(int)); stops[routes[t].x].n[stops[routes[t].x].n_len - 1] = t; } } } } } } open[0] = s; stops[s].g = 0; stops[s].f = stops[s].g + stops[s].h; found = 0; while (o_len and not found) { min = DBL_MAX; for (i = 0; i < o_len; i++) { if (stops[open[i]].f < min) { current = open[i]; min = stops[open[i]].f; } } if (current == e) { found = 1; ++p_len; path = (int*)realloc(path, p_len * sizeof(int)); path[p_len - 1] = current; while (stops[current].from >= 0) { current = stops[current].from; ++p_len; path = (int*)realloc(path, p_len * sizeof(int)); path[p_len - 1] = current; } } for (i = 0; i < o_len; i++) { if (open[i] == current) { if (i not_eq (o_len - 1)) { for (j = i; j < (o_len - 1); j++) { open[j] = open[j + 1]; } } --o_len; open = (int*)realloc(open, o_len * sizeof(int)); break; } } ++c_len; closed = (int*)realloc(closed, c_len * sizeof(int)); closed[c_len - 1] = current; for (i = 0; i < stops[current].n_len; i++) { b = 0; for (j = 0; j < c_len; j++) { if (routes[stops[current].n[i]].y == closed[j]) { b = 1; } } if (b) { continue; } tempg = stops[current].g + routes[stops[current].n[i]].d; b = 1; if (o_len > 0) { for (j = 0; j < o_len; j++) { if (routes[stops[current].n[i]].y == open[j]) { b = 0; } } } if (b or (tempg < stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g)) { stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].from = current; stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g = tempg; stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].f = stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].g + stops[routes[stops[current].n[i]].y].h; if (b) { ++o_len; open = (int*)realloc(open, o_len * sizeof(int)); open[o_len - 1] = routes[stops[current].n[i]].y; } } } } for (i = 0; i < map_size_rows; i++) { for (j = 0; j < map_size_cols; j++) { if (map[i][j]) { putchar(0xdb); } else { b = 0; for (k = 0; k < p_len; k++) { if (ind[i][j] == path[k]) { ++b; } } if (b) { putchar('x'); } else { putchar('.'); } } } putchar('\n'); } if (not found) { puts("IMPOSSIBLE"); } else { printf("path cost is %d:\n", p_len); for (i = p_len - 1; i >= 0; i--) { printf("(%1.0f, %1.0f)\n", stops[path[i]].col, stops[path[i]].row); } } for (i = 0; i < s_len; ++i) { free(stops[i].n); } free(stops); free(routes); free(path); free(open); free(closed); return 0; }
Produce a functionally identical C code for the snippet given in Go.
package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "log" "os" "sort" "strings" ) func check(err error) { if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } func readWords(fileName string) []string { file, err := os.Open(fileName) check(err) defer file.Close() var words []string scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file) for scanner.Scan() { word := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())) if len(word) >= 3 { words = append(words, word) } } check(scanner.Err()) return words } func rotate(runes []rune) { first := runes[0] copy(runes, runes[1:]) runes[len(runes)-1] = first } func main() { dicts := []string{"mit_10000.txt", "unixdict.txt"} for _, dict := range dicts { fmt.Printf("Using %s:\n\n", dict) words := readWords(dict) n := len(words) used := make(map[string]bool) outer: for _, word := range words { runes := []rune(word) variants := []string{word} for i := 0; i < len(runes)-1; i++ { rotate(runes) word2 := string(runes) if word == word2 || used[word2] { continue outer } ix := sort.SearchStrings(words, word2) if ix == n || words[ix] != word2 { continue outer } variants = append(variants, word2) } for _, variant := range variants { used[variant] = true } fmt.Println(variants) } fmt.Println() } }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <glib.h> int string_compare(gconstpointer p1, gconstpointer p2) { const char* const* s1 = p1; const char* const* s2 = p2; return strcmp(*s1, *s2); } GPtrArray* load_dictionary(const char* file, GError** error_ptr) { GError* error = NULL; GIOChannel* channel = g_io_channel_new_file(file, "r", &error); if (channel == NULL) { g_propagate_error(error_ptr, error); return NULL; } GPtrArray* dict = g_ptr_array_new_full(1024, g_free); GString* line = g_string_sized_new(64); gsize term_pos; while (g_io_channel_read_line_string(channel, line, &term_pos, &error) == G_IO_STATUS_NORMAL) { char* word = g_strdup(line->str); word[term_pos] = '\0'; g_ptr_array_add(dict, word); } g_string_free(line, TRUE); g_io_channel_unref(channel); if (error != NULL) { g_propagate_error(error_ptr, error); g_ptr_array_free(dict, TRUE); return NULL; } g_ptr_array_sort(dict, string_compare); return dict; } void rotate(char* str, size_t len) { char c = str[0]; memmove(str, str + 1, len - 1); str[len - 1] = c; } char* dictionary_search(const GPtrArray* dictionary, const char* word) { char** result = bsearch(&word, dictionary->pdata, dictionary->len, sizeof(char*), string_compare); return result != NULL ? *result : NULL; } void find_teacup_words(GPtrArray* dictionary) { GHashTable* found = g_hash_table_new(g_str_hash, g_str_equal); GPtrArray* teacup_words = g_ptr_array_new(); GString* temp = g_string_sized_new(8); for (size_t i = 0, n = dictionary->len; i < n; ++i) { char* word = g_ptr_array_index(dictionary, i); size_t len = strlen(word); if (len < 3 || g_hash_table_contains(found, word)) continue; g_ptr_array_set_size(teacup_words, 0); g_string_assign(temp, word); bool is_teacup_word = true; for (size_t i = 0; i < len - 1; ++i) { rotate(temp->str, len); char* w = dictionary_search(dictionary, temp->str); if (w == NULL) { is_teacup_word = false; break; } if (strcmp(word, w) != 0 && !g_ptr_array_find(teacup_words, w, NULL)) g_ptr_array_add(teacup_words, w); } if (is_teacup_word && teacup_words->len > 0) { printf("%s", word); g_hash_table_add(found, word); for (size_t i = 0; i < teacup_words->len; ++i) { char* teacup_word = g_ptr_array_index(teacup_words, i); printf(" %s", teacup_word); g_hash_table_add(found, teacup_word); } printf("\n"); } } g_string_free(temp, TRUE); g_ptr_array_free(teacup_words, TRUE); g_hash_table_destroy(found); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { if (argc != 2) { fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s dictionary\n", argv[0]); return EXIT_FAILURE; } GError* error = NULL; GPtrArray* dictionary = load_dictionary(argv[1], &error); if (dictionary == NULL) { if (error != NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot load dictionary file '%s': %s\n", argv[1], error->message); g_error_free(error); } return EXIT_FAILURE; } find_teacup_words(dictionary); g_ptr_array_free(dictionary, TRUE); return EXIT_SUCCESS; }
Transform the following Go implementation into C, maintaining the same output and logic.
package main import "fmt" type is func() uint64 func newSum() is { var ms is ms = func() uint64 { ms = newSum() return ms() } var msd, d uint64 return func() uint64 { if d < 9 { d++ } else { d = 0 msd = ms() } return msd + d } } func newHarshard() is { i := uint64(0) sum := newSum() return func() uint64 { for i++; i%sum() != 0; i++ { } return i } } func commatize(n uint64) string { s := fmt.Sprintf("%d", n) le := len(s) for i := le - 3; i >= 1; i -= 3 { s = s[0:i] + "," + s[i:] } return s } func main() { fmt.Println("Gap Index of gap Starting Niven") fmt.Println("=== ============= ==============") h := newHarshard() pg := uint64(0) pn := h() for i, n := uint64(1), h(); n <= 20e9; i, n = i+1, h() { g := n - pn if g > pg { fmt.Printf("%3d %13s %14s\n", g, commatize(i), commatize(pn)) pg = g } pn = n } }
#include <locale.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <stdio.h> uint64_t digit_sum(uint64_t n, uint64_t sum) { ++sum; while (n > 0 && n % 10 == 0) { sum -= 9; n /= 10; } return sum; } inline bool divisible(uint64_t n, uint64_t d) { if ((d & 1) == 0 && (n & 1) == 1) return false; return n % d == 0; } int main() { setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); uint64_t previous = 1, gap = 0, sum = 0; int niven_index = 0, gap_index = 1; printf("Gap index Gap Niven index Niven number\n"); for (uint64_t niven = 1; gap_index <= 32; ++niven) { sum = digit_sum(niven, sum); if (divisible(niven, sum)) { if (niven > previous + gap) { gap = niven - previous; printf("%'9d %'4llu %'14d %'15llu\n", gap_index++, gap, niven_index, previous); } previous = niven; ++niven_index; } } return 0; }
Preserve the algorithm and functionality while converting the code from Go to C.
package main import ( "fmt" "runtime" ) type point struct { x, y float64 } func add(x, y int) int { result := x + y debug("x", x) debug("y", y) debug("result", result) debug("result+1", result+1) return result } func debug(s string, x interface{}) { _, _, lineNo, _ := runtime.Caller(1) fmt.Printf("%q at line %d type '%T'\nvalue: %#v\n\n", s, lineNo, x, x) } func main() { add(2, 7) b := true debug("b", b) s := "Hello" debug("s", s) p := point{2, 3} debug("p", p) q := &p debug("q", q) }
#include <stdio.h> #define DEBUG_INT(x) printf( #x " at line %d\nresult: %d\n\n", __LINE__, x) int add(int x, int y) { int result = x + y; DEBUG_INT(x); DEBUG_INT(y); DEBUG_INT(result); DEBUG_INT(result+1); return result; } int main() { add(2, 7); return 0; }
Write the same code in C as shown below in Go.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true for i := 4; i < limit; i += 2 { c[i] = true } p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func reversed(n int) int { rev := 0 for n > 0 { rev = rev*10 + n%10 n /= 10 } return rev } func main() { c := sieve(999) reversedPrimes := []int{2} for i := 3; i < 500; i += 2 { if !c[i] && !c[reversed(i)] { reversedPrimes = append(reversedPrimes, i) } } fmt.Println("Primes under 500 which are also primes when the digits are reversed:") for i, p := range reversedPrimes { fmt.Printf("%5d", p) if (i+1) % 10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n\n%d such primes found.\n", len(reversedPrimes)) }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> bool is_prime(unsigned int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (unsigned int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } unsigned int reverse(unsigned int n) { unsigned int rev = 0; for (; n > 0; n /= 10) rev = rev * 10 + n % 10; return rev; } int main() { unsigned int count = 0; for (unsigned int n = 1; n < 500; ++n) { if (is_prime(n) && is_prime(reverse(n))) printf("%3u%c", n, ++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } printf("\nCount = %u\n", count); return 0; }
Write the same algorithm in C as shown in this Go implementation.
package main import "fmt" func sieve(limit int) []bool { limit++ c := make([]bool, limit) c[0] = true c[1] = true for i := 4; i < limit; i += 2 { c[i] = true } p := 3 for { p2 := p * p if p2 >= limit { break } for i := p2; i < limit; i += 2 * p { c[i] = true } for { p += 2 if !c[p] { break } } } return c } func reversed(n int) int { rev := 0 for n > 0 { rev = rev*10 + n%10 n /= 10 } return rev } func main() { c := sieve(999) reversedPrimes := []int{2} for i := 3; i < 500; i += 2 { if !c[i] && !c[reversed(i)] { reversedPrimes = append(reversedPrimes, i) } } fmt.Println("Primes under 500 which are also primes when the digits are reversed:") for i, p := range reversedPrimes { fmt.Printf("%5d", p) if (i+1) % 10 == 0 { fmt.Println() } } fmt.Printf("\n\n%d such primes found.\n", len(reversedPrimes)) }
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdio.h> bool is_prime(unsigned int n) { if (n < 2) return false; if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; if (n % 3 == 0) return n == 3; for (unsigned int p = 5; p * p <= n; p += 4) { if (n % p == 0) return false; p += 2; if (n % p == 0) return false; } return true; } unsigned int reverse(unsigned int n) { unsigned int rev = 0; for (; n > 0; n /= 10) rev = rev * 10 + n % 10; return rev; } int main() { unsigned int count = 0; for (unsigned int n = 1; n < 500; ++n) { if (is_prime(n) && is_prime(reverse(n))) printf("%3u%c", n, ++count % 10 == 0 ? '\n' : ' '); } printf("\nCount = %u\n", count); return 0; }
Change the programming language of this snippet from Go to C without modifying what it does.
package main import ( "github.com/fogleman/gg" "math" ) func superEllipse(dc *gg.Context, n float64, a int) { hw := float64(dc.Width() / 2) hh := float64(dc.Height() / 2) y := make([]float64, a+1) for x := 0; x <= a; x++ { aa := math.Pow(float64(a), n) xx := math.Pow(float64(x), n) y[x] = math.Pow(aa-xx, 1.0/n) } for x := a; x >= 0; x-- { dc.LineTo(hw+float64(x), hh-y[x]) } for x := 0; x <= a; x++ { dc.LineTo(hw+float64(x), hh+y[x]) } for x := a; x >= 0; x-- { dc.LineTo(hw-float64(x), hh+y[x]) } for x := 0; x <= a; x++ { dc.LineTo(hw-float64(x), hh-y[x]) } dc.SetRGB(1, 1, 1) dc.Fill() } func main() { dc := gg.NewContext(500, 500) dc.SetRGB(0, 0, 0) dc.Clear() superEllipse(dc, 2.5, 200) dc.SavePNG("superellipse.png") }
#include<graphics.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> #define pi M_PI int main(){ double a,b,n,i,incr = 0.0001; printf("Enter major and minor axes of the SuperEllipse : "); scanf("%lf%lf",&a,&b); printf("Enter n : "); scanf("%lf",&n); initwindow(500,500,"Superellipse"); for(i=0;i<2*pi;i+=incr){ putpixel(250 + a*pow(fabs(cos(i)),2/n)*(pi/2<i && i<3*pi/2?-1:1),250 + b*pow(fabs(sin(i)),2/n)*(pi<i && i<2*pi?-1:1),15); } printf("Done. %lf",i); getch(); closegraph(); }
Convert the following code from Go to C, ensuring the logic remains intact.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) func MRPerm(q, n int) []int { p := ident(n) var r int for n > 0 { q, r = q/n, q%n n-- p[n], p[r] = p[r], p[n] } return p } func ident(n int) []int { p := make([]int, n) for i := range p { p[i] = i } return p } func MRRank(p []int) (r int) { p = append([]int{}, p...) inv := inverse(p) for i := len(p) - 1; i > 0; i-- { s := p[i] p[inv[i]] = s inv[s] = inv[i] } for i := 1; i < len(p); i++ { r = r*(i+1) + p[i] } return } func inverse(p []int) []int { r := make([]int, len(p)) for i, x := range p { r[x] = i } return r } func fact(n int) (f int) { for f = n; n > 2; { n-- f *= n } return } func main() { n := 3 fmt.Println("permutations of", n, "items") f := fact(n) for i := 0; i < f; i++ { p := MRPerm(i, n) fmt.Println(i, p, MRRank(p)) } n = 12 fmt.Println("permutations of", n, "items") f = fact(n) m := map[int]bool{} for len(m) < 4 { r := rand.Intn(f) if m[r] { continue } m[r] = true fmt.Println(r, MRPerm(r, n)) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define SWAP(a,b) do{t=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=t;}while(0) void _mr_unrank1(int rank, int n, int *vec) { int t, q, r; if (n < 1) return; q = rank / n; r = rank % n; SWAP(vec[r], vec[n-1]); _mr_unrank1(q, n-1, vec); } int _mr_rank1(int n, int *vec, int *inv) { int s, t; if (n < 2) return 0; s = vec[n-1]; SWAP(vec[n-1], vec[inv[n-1]]); SWAP(inv[s], inv[n-1]); return s + n * _mr_rank1(n-1, vec, inv); } void get_permutation(int rank, int n, int *vec) { int i; for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) vec[i] = i; _mr_unrank1(rank, n, vec); } int get_rank(int n, int *vec) { int i, r, *v, *inv; v = malloc(n * sizeof(int)); inv = malloc(n * sizeof(int)); for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) { v[i] = vec[i]; inv[vec[i]] = i; } r = _mr_rank1(n, v, inv); free(inv); free(v); return r; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i, r, tv[4]; for (r = 0; r < 24; ++r) { printf("%3d: ", r); get_permutation(r, 4, tv); for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { if (0 == i) printf("[ "); else printf(", "); printf("%d", tv[i]); } printf(" ] = %d\n", get_rank(4, tv)); } }
Rewrite the snippet below in C so it works the same as the original Go code.
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) func MRPerm(q, n int) []int { p := ident(n) var r int for n > 0 { q, r = q/n, q%n n-- p[n], p[r] = p[r], p[n] } return p } func ident(n int) []int { p := make([]int, n) for i := range p { p[i] = i } return p } func MRRank(p []int) (r int) { p = append([]int{}, p...) inv := inverse(p) for i := len(p) - 1; i > 0; i-- { s := p[i] p[inv[i]] = s inv[s] = inv[i] } for i := 1; i < len(p); i++ { r = r*(i+1) + p[i] } return } func inverse(p []int) []int { r := make([]int, len(p)) for i, x := range p { r[x] = i } return r } func fact(n int) (f int) { for f = n; n > 2; { n-- f *= n } return } func main() { n := 3 fmt.Println("permutations of", n, "items") f := fact(n) for i := 0; i < f; i++ { p := MRPerm(i, n) fmt.Println(i, p, MRRank(p)) } n = 12 fmt.Println("permutations of", n, "items") f = fact(n) m := map[int]bool{} for len(m) < 4 { r := rand.Intn(f) if m[r] { continue } m[r] = true fmt.Println(r, MRPerm(r, n)) } }
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define SWAP(a,b) do{t=(a);(a)=(b);(b)=t;}while(0) void _mr_unrank1(int rank, int n, int *vec) { int t, q, r; if (n < 1) return; q = rank / n; r = rank % n; SWAP(vec[r], vec[n-1]); _mr_unrank1(q, n-1, vec); } int _mr_rank1(int n, int *vec, int *inv) { int s, t; if (n < 2) return 0; s = vec[n-1]; SWAP(vec[n-1], vec[inv[n-1]]); SWAP(inv[s], inv[n-1]); return s + n * _mr_rank1(n-1, vec, inv); } void get_permutation(int rank, int n, int *vec) { int i; for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) vec[i] = i; _mr_unrank1(rank, n, vec); } int get_rank(int n, int *vec) { int i, r, *v, *inv; v = malloc(n * sizeof(int)); inv = malloc(n * sizeof(int)); for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) { v[i] = vec[i]; inv[vec[i]] = i; } r = _mr_rank1(n, v, inv); free(inv); free(v); return r; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i, r, tv[4]; for (r = 0; r < 24; ++r) { printf("%3d: ", r); get_permutation(r, 4, tv); for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { if (0 == i) printf("[ "); else printf(", "); printf("%d", tv[i]); } printf(" ] = %d\n", get_rank(4, tv)); } }