id int64 39 79M | url stringlengths 31 227 | text stringlengths 6 334k | source stringlengths 1 150 ⌀ | categories listlengths 1 6 | token_count int64 3 71.8k | subcategories listlengths 0 30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
983,281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20miscible%20oil%20paint | Water-miscible oil paint (also called water-soluble oil paint or water-mixable oil paint) is oil paint either engineered or to which an emulsifier has been added, allowing it to be thinned and cleaned up with water. These paints make it possible to avoid using, or at least reduce volatile organic compounds such as turp... | Water miscible oil paint | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,302 | [
"Paints",
"Coatings"
] |
983,400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%20ring | The L-ring of the bacterial flagellum is the ring in the lipid outer cell membrane through which the axial filament (rod, hook, and flagellum) passes. that l ring stands for lipopolysaccharide.
References
Bacteria | L ring | [
"Biology"
] | 56 | [
"Bacteria stubs",
"Prokaryotes",
"Microorganisms",
"Bacteria"
] |
983,401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%201 | NGC 1 is an intermediate spiral galaxy of the morphological type Sbc, located in the constellation of Pegasus. It was discovered on 30 September 1861 by Heinrich d'Arrest.
Observation history
Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1 on 30 Sep 1861 while testing the 11-inch f/17.5 Merz refractor of the Copenhagen Observator... | NGC 1 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 816 | [
"Pegasus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
983,405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%202 | NGC 2 is an intermediate spiral galaxy with the morphological type of Sab, located in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 2 was discovered by Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse on 20 August 1873."
Observational History
NGC 2 was first observed by Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse on 24 August 1873, and was described... | NGC 2 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 350 | [
"Pegasus (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
983,406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%203 | NGC 3 is a lenticular galaxy with the morphological type of S0, located in the constellation of Pisces. Other sources classify NGC 3 as a barred spiral galaxy as a type of SBa. It was discovered on November 29, 1864, by Albert Marth.
Observational History
NGC 3 was discovered by Albert Marth on 29 November 1864 and wa... | NGC 3 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 257 | [
"Pisces (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
983,423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/47%20Tucanae | 47 Tucanae or 47 Tuc (also designated as NGC 104 and Caldwell 106) is a globular cluster located in the constellation Tucana. It is about from Earth, and 120 light years in diameter. 47 Tuc can be seen with the naked eye, with an apparent magnitude of 4.1. It appears about 44 arcminutes across including its far outrea... | 47 Tucanae | [
"Physics",
"Astronomy"
] | 1,360 | [
"Black holes",
"Unsolved problems in physics",
"Intermediate-mass black holes",
"Constellations",
"Tucana"
] |
983,438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%20457 | NGC 457 (also designated Caldwell 13, and known as the Dragonfly Cluster, E.T. Cluster, Owl Cluster, Kachina Doll Cluster or Phi Cassiopeiae Cluster) is an open star cluster in the constellation Cassiopeia.
Discovery
It was discovered by William Herschel on August 18, 1780, with a 6.2 inch reflector telescope, and ca... | NGC 457 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 329 | [
"Cassiopeia (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
983,444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%20752 | NGC 752 (also known as Caldwell 28) is an open cluster in the constellation Andromeda. The cluster was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783 and cataloged by her brother William Herschel in 1786, although an object that may have been NGC 752 was described by Giovanni Batista Hodierna before 1654.
The large cluster l... | NGC 752 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 255 | [
"Andromeda (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
983,463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%205078 | NGC 5078 is a spiral galaxy in the Hydra constellation, approximately 94 million light-years away from Earth. It has a diameter of 127,000 light-years and is probably a member of the NGC 5061 group. The dust lane of NGC 5078 is warped, probably by interaction with the nearby galaxy IC 879, which is itself distorted int... | NGC 5078 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 224 | [
"Hydra (constellation)",
"Constellations"
] |
983,476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%205189 | NGC 5189 (Gum 47, IC 4274, nicknamed Spiral Planetary Nebula) is a planetary nebula in the constellation Musca. It was discovered by James Dunlop on 1 July 1826, who catalogued it as Δ252. For many years, well into the 1960s, it was thought to be a bright emission nebula. It was Karl Gordon Henize in 1967 who first de... | NGC 5189 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 322 | [
"Musca",
"Constellations"
] |
983,493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%205195 | NGC 5195 (also known as Messier 51b or M51b) is a dwarf galaxy that is interacting with the Whirlpool Galaxy (also known as M51a or NGC 5194). Both galaxies are located approximately 25 million light-years away in the constellation Canes Venatici. Together, the two galaxies are one of the most famous interacting gala... | NGC 5195 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 907 | [
"Canes Venatici",
"Constellations"
] |
983,601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative%20genomic%20hybridization | Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells. The aim of this technique is to quickly and efficiently compare two genomic DN... | Comparative genomic hybridization | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 5,571 | [
"Genetics techniques",
"Molecular genetics",
"Gene tests",
"Molecular biology"
] |
983,754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIFARE | MIFARE is a series of integrated circuit (IC) chips used in contactless smart cards and proximity cards.
The brand includes proprietary solutions based on various levels of the ISO/IEC 14443 Type-A 13.56 MHz contactless smart card standard. It uses AES and DES/Triple-DES encryption standards, as well as an older propr... | MIFARE | [
"Technology"
] | 6,219 | [
"Near-field communication",
"Mobile telecommunications"
] |
983,787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreword | A foreword is a (usually short) piece of writing, sometimes placed at the beginning of a book or other piece of literature. Typically written by someone other than the primary author of the work, it often tells of some interaction between the writer of the foreword and the book's primary author or the story the book t... | Foreword | [
"Engineering"
] | 368 | [
"Book design",
"Design"
] |
983,873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%203184 | NGC 3184, the Little Pinwheel Galaxy, is an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Its name comes from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy. It was discovered on 18 March 1787 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. It has two HII regions named NGC 318... | NGC 3184 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 658 | [
"Ursa Major",
"Constellations"
] |
983,904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%206946 | NGC 6946, sometimes referred to as the Fireworks Galaxy, is a face-on intermediate spiral galaxy with a small bright nucleus, whose location in the sky straddles the boundary between the northern constellations of Cepheus and Cygnus. Its distance from Earth is about 25.2 million light-years or 7.72 megaparsecs, similar... | NGC 6946 | [
"Astronomy"
] | 960 | [
"Cygnus (constellation)",
"Constellations",
"Cepheus (constellation)"
] |
984,020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20the%20Bleep%20Do%20We%20Know%21%3F | What the Bleep Do We Know!? (stylized as What tнē #$*! D̄ө ωΣ (k)πow!? and What the #$*! Do We Know!?) is a 2004 American pseudo-scientific film that posits a spiritual connection between quantum physics and consciousness (as part of a belief system known as quantum mysticism). The plot follows the fictional story of a... | What the Bleep Do We Know!? | [
"Physics"
] | 3,580 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Quantum mysticism"
] |
984,038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20server | A video server is a computer-based device that is dedicated to delivering video. Video servers are used in a number of applications, and often have additional functions and capabilities that address the needs of particular applications. For example, video servers used in security, surveillance and inspection applicatio... | Video server | [
"Engineering"
] | 891 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
2,990,227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested%20Context%20Language | In the field of digital and interactive television, Nested Context Language (NCL) is a declarative authoring language for hypermedia documents. NCL documents do not contain multimedia elements such as audio or video content; rather they function as a "glue" language that specifies how multimedia components are related.... | Nested Context Language | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 817 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Computer standards",
"Electronic engineering",
"XML-based standards"
] |
2,990,507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telent | Telent Technology Services Limited is a British radio, telecommunications, and digital infrastructure systems installation and services provision company. The name is used from 2006 for those parts of the United Kingdom and German services businesses of Marconi Corporation (formerly General Electric Company, GEC) which... | Telent | [
"Technology"
] | 743 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computers"
] |
2,990,560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waistline%20%28clothing%29 | The waistline is the line of demarcation between the upper and lower portions of a garment, which notionally corresponds to the natural waist but may vary with fashion from just below the bust to below the hips. The waistline of a garment is often used to accentuate different features. The waistline is also important... | Waistline (clothing) | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 579 | [
"Design",
"Fashion design",
"Components",
"Parts of clothing"
] |
2,990,689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling%20perspective | A modeling perspective in information systems is a particular way to represent pre-selected aspects of a system. Any perspective has a different focus, conceptualization, dedication and visualization of what the model is representing.
The traditional way to distinguish between modeling perspectives is structural, fun... | Modeling perspective | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 1,071 | [
"Information systems",
"Systems engineering",
"Information technology"
] |
2,990,869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic%20expression | Ectopic is a word used with a prefix ecto-, meaning “out of”, and the suffix -topic, meaning "place." Ectopic expression is an abnormal gene expression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed. The term ectopic expression is predominantly used in studies using metaz... | Ectopic expression | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 781 | [
"Gene expression",
"Molecular genetics",
"Cellular processes",
"Molecular biology",
"Biochemistry"
] |
2,990,996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klamath%20Project | The Klamath Project is a water-management project developed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation to supply farmers with irrigation water and farmland in the Klamath Basin. The project also supplies water to the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, and the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. The project was one... | Klamath Project | [
"Environmental_science"
] | 1,608 | [
"Hydrology",
"Interbasin transfer"
] |
2,991,011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EL34 | The EL34 is a thermionic vacuum tube of the power pentode type. The EL34 was introduced in 1955 by Mullard, who were owned by Philips. The EL34 has an octal base (indicated by the '3' in the part number) and is found mainly in the final output stages of audio amplification circuits; it was also designed to be suitable ... | EL34 | [
"Physics"
] | 1,025 | [
"Vacuum tubes",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
2,991,090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkin%E2%80%93Huxley%20model | The Hodgkin–Huxley model, or conductance-based model, is a mathematical model that describes how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated. It is a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates the electrical engineering characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. It... | Hodgkin–Huxley model | [
"Chemistry",
"Mathematics"
] | 2,283 | [
"Nonlinear systems",
"Neurochemistry",
"Ion channels",
"Dynamical systems"
] |
2,991,258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%20oxide | Lead oxides are a group of inorganic compounds with formulas including lead (Pb) and oxygen (O).
Common lead oxides include:
Lead(II) oxide, PbO, litharge (red), massicot (yellow)
Lead tetroxide or red lead, , minium, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide and may be thought of as lead(II) orthoplumbate(IV) , vivid orange c... | Lead oxide | [
"Chemistry"
] | 206 | [
"Oxides",
"Salts"
] |
2,991,382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenthesome | Within the cells of some members of basidiomycetes fungi are found microscopic structures called parenthesomes or septal pore caps. They are shaped like parentheses and found on either side of pores in the dolipore septum which separates cells within a hypha. Their function has not been established, and their composi... | Parenthesome | [
"Biology"
] | 122 | [
"Mycology"
] |
2,991,457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapsis | Synapsis or Syzygy is the pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis. When homologous chromosomes synapse, their ends are first attached to... | Synapsis | [
"Biology"
] | 1,458 | [
"Cell biology"
] |
2,991,563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrodyne | The Neutrodyne radio receiver, invented in 1922 by Louis Hazeltine, was a particular type of tuned radio frequency (TRF) receiver, in which the instability-causing inter-electrode capacitance of the triode RF tubes is cancelled out or "neutralized" to prevent parasitic oscillations which caused "squealing" or "howling"... | Neutrodyne | [
"Engineering"
] | 814 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Receiver (radio)"
] |
2,991,580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-convergence | In the field of mathematical analysis for the calculus of variations, Γ-convergence (Gamma-convergence) is a notion of convergence for functionals. It was introduced by Ennio De Giorgi.
Definition
Let be a topological space and denote the set of all neighbourhoods of the point . Let further be a sequence of functio... | Γ-convergence | [
"Mathematics"
] | 521 | [
"Sequences and series",
"Functions and mappings",
"Convergence (mathematics)",
"Mathematical structures",
"Mathematical objects",
"Mathematical relations"
] |
2,991,899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao-Lao | Lao-Lao () is a Laotian rice whisky produced in Laos. Along with Beerlao, lao-Lao is a staple drink in Laos.
Etymology
The name lao-Lao is not the same word repeated twice, but two different words pronounced with different tones: the first, ເຫລົ້າ, means "alcohol" and is pronounced with a low-falling tone in the stan... | Lao-Lao | [
"Chemistry"
] | 413 | [
"Distillation",
"Distilled drinks"
] |
2,991,908 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20compatibility%20factor | In survival analysis, the area compatibility factor, F, is used in indirect standardisation of population mortality rates.
where:
is the standardised central exposed-to risk from age x to x + t for the standard population,
is the central exposed-to risk from age x to x + t for the population under study and
is t... | Area compatibility factor | [
"Mathematics",
"Environmental_science"
] | 155 | [
"Epidemiology",
"Applied mathematics",
"Actuarial science",
"Demography",
"Environmental social science"
] |
2,991,971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/263%20%28number%29 | 263 (two hundred [and] sixty-three) is the natural number between 262 and 264. It is also a prime number.
In mathematics
263 is
a balanced prime,
an irregular prime,
a Ramanujan prime, a Chen prime, and
a safe prime.
It is also a strictly non-palindromic number and a happy number.
References
Integers | 263 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 75 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Number stubs",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Numbers"
] |
2,992,000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/269%20%28number%29 | 269 (two hundred [and] sixty-nine) is the natural number between 268 and 270. It is also a prime number.
In mathematics
269 is a twin prime,
and a Ramanujan prime.
It is the largest prime factor of 9! + 1 = 362881,
and the smallest natural number that cannot be represented as the determinant of a 10 × 10 (0,1)-matrix.... | 269 (number) | [
"Mathematics"
] | 137 | [
"Mathematical objects",
"Number stubs",
"Elementary mathematics",
"Integers",
"Numbers"
] |
2,992,104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brawling%20%28legal%20definition%29 | Brawling (probably connected with German language brüllen, to roar, shout), in law, was the offence of quarrelling, or creating a disturbance in a church or churchyard. Brawling was covered in ecclesiastic courts until 1860. It has rarely been prosecuted since then.
History
During the early stages of the Reformation i... | Brawling (legal definition) | [
"Biology"
] | 989 | [
"Behavior",
"Aggression",
"Human behavior",
"Violence"
] |
2,992,310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference%20set | In combinatorics, a difference set is a subset of size of a group of order such that every non-identity element of can be expressed as a product of elements of in exactly ways. A difference set is said to be cyclic, abelian, non-abelian, etc., if the group has the corresponding property. A difference set wit... | Difference set | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,296 | [
"Discrete mathematics",
"Combinatorics"
] |
2,992,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jena%20Observatory | Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitäts-Sternwarte Jena (AIU Jena, Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory Jena, or simply Jena Observatory) is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by Friedrich Schiller University of Jena. It has two main locations in Jena, Germany
and the neighbouring vi... | Jena Observatory | [
"Materials_science",
"Engineering"
] | 303 | [
"Glass engineering and science",
"Materials science"
] |
2,992,440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody%20opsonization | Antibody opsonization is a process by which a pathogen is marked for phagocytosis through coating of a target cell with antibodies. Immunoglobulins participate in molecular tagging of pathogens which display antigens recognised by their specific paratope. The binding of antibodies enhances pathogen identification and r... | Antibody opsonization | [
"Biology"
] | 718 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
2,992,856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodamine%20B | Rhodamine B is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with fluorometers.
Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes i... | Rhodamine B | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 673 | [
"Chlorides",
"Inorganic compounds",
"Staining",
"Salts",
"Microbiology techniques",
"nan",
"Microscopy",
"Cell imaging",
"Histopathology"
] |
2,992,945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auroral%20kilometric%20radiation | Auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) is the intense radio radiation emitted in the acceleration zone (at a height of three times the radius of the Earth) of the polar lights. The radiation mainly comes from cyclotron radiation from electrons orbiting around the magnetic field lines of the Earth. The radiation has a frequ... | Auroral kilometric radiation | [
"Astronomy"
] | 226 | [
"Astronomical sub-disciplines",
"Astronomy stubs",
"Radio astronomy",
"Planetary science",
"Planetary science stubs"
] |
2,992,989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum%20seep | A petroleum seep is a place where natural liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons escape to the Earth's atmosphere and surface, normally under low pressure or flow. Seeps generally occur above either natural terrestrial or underwater petroleum accumulation structures (e.g., sandstones, siltstones, limestones, dolomites). The hy... | Petroleum seep | [
"Chemistry"
] | 3,169 | [
"Petroleum",
"Asphalt",
"Petroleum geology",
"Asphalt lakes"
] |
2,993,016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexxe | Lexxe is an internet search engine that applies Natural Language Processing
in its semantic search technology. Founded in 2005 by Dr. Hong Liang Qiao,
Lexxe is based in Sydney, Australia. Today, Lexxe's key focus is on sentiment search with the launch of a news sentiment search site at News & Moods (www.newsandmoods.... | Lexxe | [
"Technology"
] | 383 | [
"Natural language processing",
"Natural language and computing"
] |
2,993,391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globar | A Globar is used as a thermal light source for infrared spectroscopy. The preferred material for making Globar is silicon carbide that is shaped as rods or arches of various sizes. When inserted into a circuit that provides it with electric current, it emits radiation from ~ 2 to 50 micrometres wavelength via the Joule... | Globar | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry"
] | 310 | [
"Instrumental analysis",
"Molecular physics",
"Spectroscopy",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)"
] |
2,993,422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunostimulant | Immunostimulants, also known as immunostimulators, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system usually in a non-specific manner by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example is the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The goal of this ... | Immunostimulant | [
"Biology"
] | 687 | [
"Organ systems",
"Immunology",
"Immune system"
] |
2,993,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrse | A thyrse is a type of inflorescence in which the main axis grows indeterminately, and the subaxes (branches) have determinate growth.
Gallery
References
Plant morphology | Thyrse | [
"Biology"
] | 40 | [
"Plant morphology",
"Plants"
] |
2,993,504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloosterman%20sum | In mathematics, a Kloosterman sum is a particular kind of exponential sum. They are named for the Dutch mathematician Hendrik Kloosterman, who introduced them in 1926 when he adapted the Hardy–Littlewood circle method to tackle a problem involving positive definite diagonal quadratic forms in four variables, strengthen... | Kloosterman sum | [
"Mathematics"
] | 2,037 | [
"Analytic number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
2,993,692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Kuiper's theorem (after Nicolaas Kuiper) is a result on the topology of operators on an infinite-dimensional, complex Hilbert space H. It states that the space GL(H) of invertible bounded endomorphisms of H is such that all maps from any finite complex Y to GL(H) are homotopic to a constant, for the nor... | Kuiper's theorem | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics"
] | 1,115 | [
"Quantum mechanics",
"Theorems in topology",
"Topology",
"Mathematical problems",
"Hilbert spaces",
"Mathematical theorems"
] |
2,993,703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20position%20measurement | Data position measurement (DPM) is a CD and DVD copy protection mechanism that operates by measuring the physical location of data on an optical disc. Stamped CDs are perfect clones and always have the data at the expected location, while a burned copy would exhibit physical differences. DPM detects these differences t... | Data position measurement | [
"Technology"
] | 203 | [
"Computing stubs"
] |
2,993,817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugonia | In the ancient Mediterranean region, bugonia or bougonia was a ritual based on the belief that bees were spontaneously (equivocally) generated from a cow's carcass, although it is possible that the ritual had more currency as a poetic and learned trope than as an actual practice.
Description
A detailed description of ... | Bugonia | [
"Biology"
] | 1,595 | [
"Biological hypotheses",
"Origin of life"
] |
2,993,836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20product%20of%20modules | In mathematics, the tensor product of modules is a construction that allows arguments about bilinear maps (e.g. multiplication) to be carried out in terms of linear maps. The module construction is analogous to the construction of the tensor product of vector spaces, but can be carried out for a pair of modules over a ... | Tensor product of modules | [
"Mathematics"
] | 5,323 | [
"Mathematical structures",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Category theory",
"Module theory",
"Homological algebra"
] |
2,993,946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%201541 | IEEE 1541-2002 is a standard issued in 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) concerning the use of prefixes for binary multiples of units of measurement related to digital electronics and computing. IEEE 1541-2021 revises and supersedes IEEE 1541–2002, which is 'inactive'.
While the Int... | IEEE 1541 | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Technology"
] | 1,072 | [
"Physical quantities",
"Computer standards",
"Quantity",
"Measurement",
"Size",
"Units of information",
"IEEE standards",
"Units of measurement"
] |
2,994,042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marek%20Karpinski | Marek Karpinski is a computer scientist and mathematician known for his research in the theory of algorithms and their applications, combinatorial optimization, computational complexity, and mathematical foundations. He is a recipient of several research prizes in the above areas.
He is currently a Professor of Comput... | Marek Karpinski | [
"Mathematics"
] | 152 | [
"Mathematical logicians",
"Mathematical logic",
"Graph theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Graph theorists"
] |
2,994,276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thue%27s%20lemma | In modular arithmetic, Thue's lemma roughly states that every modular integer may be represented by a "modular fraction" such that the numerator and the denominator have absolute values not greater than the square root of the modulus.
More precisely, for every pair of integers with , given two positive integers and ... | Thue's lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 560 | [
"Theorems in number theory",
"Arithmetic",
"Lemmas in number theory",
"Lemmas",
"Modular arithmetic",
"Number theory"
] |
2,994,278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egress%20filtering | In computer networking, egress filtering is the practice of monitoring and potentially restricting the flow of information outbound from one network to another. Typically, it is information from a private TCP/IP computer network to the Internet that is controlled.
TCP/IP packets that are being sent out of the internal... | Egress filtering | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 399 | [
"Cybersecurity engineering",
"Computer network stubs",
"Computer networks engineering",
"Computer network security",
"Computing stubs"
] |
2,994,458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade%20pitch | Blade pitch or simply pitch refers to the angle of a blade in a fluid. The term has applications in aeronautics, shipping, and other fields.
Aeronautics
In aeronautics, blade pitch refers to the angle of the blades of an aircraft propeller or helicopter rotor. Blade pitch is measured relative to the aircraft body. It... | Blade pitch | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,081 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,994,661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis%20number | In fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, the Lewis number (denoted ) is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of thermal diffusivity to mass diffusivity. It is used to characterize fluid flows where there is simultaneous heat and mass transfer. The Lewis number puts the thickness of the thermal boundary layer in rel... | Lewis number | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 254 | [
"Piping",
"Chemical engineering",
"Combustion",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,994,664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmidt%20number | In fluid dynamics, the Schmidt number (denoted ) of a fluid is a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity) and mass diffusivity, and it is used to characterize fluid flows in which there are simultaneous momentum and mass diffusion convection processes. It was named after G... | Schmidt number | [
"Physics",
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 509 | [
"Thermodynamic properties",
"Physical quantities",
"Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics",
"Chemical engineering",
"Piping",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,994,800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20factor | Transfer factors (which come from White cells called ‘T cells’) are essentially small immune messenger molecules that are produced by all higher organisms. Transfer factors were originally described as immune molecules that are derived from blood or spleen cells that cause antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity, prima... | Transfer factor | [
"Biology"
] | 1,549 | [
"Immune system",
"Organ systems"
] |
2,994,894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic%20translation | Semantic translation is the process of using semantic information to aid in the translation of data in one representation or data model to another representation or data model. Semantic translation takes advantage of semantics that associate meaning with individual data elements in one dictionary to create an equivale... | Semantic translation | [
"Technology"
] | 446 | [
"Data management",
"Data"
] |
2,995,108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throughput%20%28business%29 | Throughput is rate at which a product is moved through a production process and is consumed by the end-user, usually measured in the form of sales or use statistics. The goal of most organizations is to minimize the investment in inputs as well as operating expenses while increasing throughput of its production systems... | Throughput (business) | [
"Engineering"
] | 380 | [
"Manufacturing",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
2,995,116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanlalzawma | Vanlalzawma a politician from Mizoram who was a Member of the Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency) in the 13th Lok Sabha and 14th Lok Sabha.
Before he became a politician, he was the president of Central Young Mizo Association (CYMA) in 1993 at the age of 37 and served two terms. During this period CYMA had wildlife conser... | Vanlalzawma | [
"Biology"
] | 547 | [
"Wildlife conservation",
"Biodiversity"
] |
2,995,237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid%20receptor | The glucocorticoid receptor (GR or GCR) also known as NR3C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind.
The GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, and immune response. Because... | Glucocorticoid receptor | [
"Biology"
] | 1,133 | [
"Genome projects"
] |
2,995,449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20jar | A bell jar is a glass jar, similar in shape to a bell (i.e. in its best-known form it is open at the bottom, while its top and sides together are a single piece), and can be manufactured from a variety of materials (ranging from glass to different types of metals). Bell jars are often used in laboratories to form and c... | Bell jar | [
"Physics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,450 | [
"Vacuum systems",
"Vacuum",
"Matter"
] |
2,995,450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeligerite | Seeligerite is a rare complex lead chloride iodate mineral with formula: Pb3Cl3(IO3)O. It is a yellow mineral crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. It has perfect to good cleavage in two directions and a quite high specific gravity of 6.83 due to the lead content. It is translucent to transparent with refractive in... | Seeligerite | [
"Chemistry"
] | 145 | [
"Iodates",
"Oxidizing agents"
] |
2,995,499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk | In electronics, crosstalk is a phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel. Crosstalk is usually caused by undesired capacitive, inductive, or conductive coupling from one circuit or channel to another.
Where the ... | Crosstalk | [
"Physics",
"Mathematics",
"Engineering"
] | 1,212 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Physical phenomena",
"Sound measurements",
"Electromagnetic compatibility",
"Physical quantities",
"Broadcast engineering",
"Quantity",
"Electronic engineering",
"Electrical phenomena",
"Electrical engineering",
"Audio engineering",
"Audio amplifier specifications",
"El... |
2,995,501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosstalk%20%28biology%29 | Biological crosstalk refers to instances in which one or more components of one signal transduction pathway affects another. This can be achieved through a number of ways with the most common form being crosstalk between proteins of signaling cascades. In these signal transduction pathways, there are often shared compo... | Crosstalk (biology) | [
"Chemistry",
"Biology"
] | 1,732 | [
"Biochemistry",
"Neurochemistry",
"Signal transduction"
] |
2,995,508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony%20HDVS | Sony HDVS (High-Definition Video System) is a range of high-definition video equipment developed in the 1980s to support the Japanese Hi-Vision standard which was an early analog high-definition television system (used in multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE) broadcasts) thought to be the broadcast television ... | Sony HDVS | [
"Technology"
] | 2,379 | [
"Information and communications technology",
"Television technology"
] |
2,995,566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolotarev%27s%20lemma | In number theory, Zolotarev's lemma states that the Legendre symbol
for an integer a modulo an odd prime number p, where p does not divide a, can be computed as the sign of a permutation:
where ε denotes the signature of a permutation and πa is the permutation of the nonzero residue classes mod p induced by multiplic... | Zolotarev's lemma | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,102 | [
"Functions and mappings",
"Permutations",
"Mathematical objects",
"Combinatorics",
"Theorems in number theory",
"Mathematical relations",
"Articles containing proofs",
"Lemmas in number theory",
"Lemmas",
"Squares in number theory",
"Number theory"
] |
2,995,611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta%20correspondence | In mathematics, the theta correspondence or Howe correspondence is a mathematical relation between representations of two groups of a reductive dual pair. The local theta correspondence relates irreducible admissible representations over a local field, while the global theta correspondence relates irreducible automorph... | Theta correspondence | [
"Mathematics"
] | 559 | [
"Representation theory",
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Langlands program",
"Number theory"
] |
2,995,702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia%20Broadcast%20Multicast%20Service | Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) is a point-to-multipoint interface specification for existing 3GPP cellular networks, which is designed to provide efficient delivery of broadcast and multicast services, both within a cell as well as within the core network. For broadcast transmission across multiple cell... | Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service | [
"Technology",
"Engineering"
] | 2,128 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Mobile telephone broadcasting",
"Mobile telecommunications",
"Electronic engineering",
"nan"
] |
2,995,826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor%20burst%20communications | Meteor burst communications (MBC), also referred to as meteor scatter communications, is a radio propagation mode that exploits the ionized trails of meteors during atmospheric entry to establish brief communications paths between radio stations up to apart. There can be forward-scatter or back-scatter of the radio wa... | Meteor burst communications | [
"Physics"
] | 1,443 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Radio frequency propagation",
"Electromagnetic spectrum",
"Waves"
] |
2,995,864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitium | In anatomy, the interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between a structural barrier, such as a cell membrane or the skin, and internal structures, such as organs, including muscles and the circulatory system. The fluid in this space is called interstitial fluid, comprises water and solutes, and drains... | Interstitium | [
"Biology"
] | 1,224 | [
"Anatomy"
] |
2,995,958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential%20isomorphism | In mathematical logic and in particular in model theory, a potential isomorphism is a collection of finite partial isomorphisms between two models which satisfies certain closure conditions. Existence of a partial isomorphism entails elementary equivalence, however the converse is not generally true, but it holds for ω... | Potential isomorphism | [
"Mathematics"
] | 221 | [
"Mathematical logic",
"Model theory"
] |
2,995,992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duoplasmatron | The Duoplasmatron is an ion source in which a cathode filament emits electrons into a vacuum chamber. A gas such as argon is introduced in very small quantities into the chamber, where it becomes charged or ionized through interactions with the free electrons from the cathode, forming a plasma. The plasma is then accel... | Duoplasmatron | [
"Physics"
] | 604 | [
"Spectrum (physical sciences)",
"Plasma physics",
"Plasma technology and applications",
"Ion source",
"Mass spectrometry"
] |
2,996,022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral%20perfusion%20pressure | Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion). It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure... | Cerebral perfusion pressure | [
"Biology"
] | 706 | [
"Physiology"
] |
2,996,055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear%20movement | The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, national, or international level. Major anti-nuclear groups include Campaign for Nuclear... | Anti-nuclear movement | [
"Technology"
] | 15,084 | [
"Ethics of science and technology"
] |
2,996,193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weierstrass%E2%80%93Enneper%20parameterization | In mathematics, the Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization of minimal surfaces is a classical piece of differential geometry.
Alfred Enneper and Karl Weierstrass studied minimal surfaces as far back as 1863.
Let and be functions on either the entire complex plane or the unit disk, where is meromorphic and is analyt... | Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization | [
"Chemistry"
] | 572 | [
"Foams",
"Minimal surfaces"
] |
2,996,487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20Waterline | The Dutch Waterline (, modern spelling: Hollandse Waterlinie) was a series of water-based defences conceived by Maurice of Nassau in the early 17th century, and realised by his half brother Frederick Henry. Combined with natural bodies of water, the Waterline could be used to transform Holland, the westernmost region o... | Dutch Waterline | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,852 | [
"Fortification lines"
] |
2,996,488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choked%20flow | Choked flow is a compressible flow effect. The parameter that becomes "choked" or "limited" is the fluid velocity.
Choked flow is a fluid dynamic condition associated with the Venturi effect. When a flowing fluid at a given pressure and temperature passes through a constriction (such as the throat of a convergent-div... | Choked flow | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 2,490 | [
"Aerospace engineering",
"Aerodynamics",
"Flow regimes",
"Fluid dynamics"
] |
2,996,528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metered-dose%20inhaler | A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation. It is the most commonly used delivery system for treating asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas... | Metered-dose inhaler | [
"Chemistry"
] | 2,433 | [
"Pharmacology",
"Drug delivery devices"
] |
2,996,632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disemvoweling | Disemvoweling, disemvowelling (British and Commonwealth English), or disemvowelment is writing a piece of text with all the vowel letters removed. Disemvoweling is often used in band and company names. It used to be a common feature of SMS language where space was costly.
Etymology
The word disemvowel is a pun and po... | Disemvoweling | [
"Technology"
] | 1,075 | [
"Computing terminology",
"Internet terminology"
] |
7,143,248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20intercostal%20membrane | Unlike the other two intercostal muscles, the external intercostal muscle does not retain its muscular character all the way to the sternum, and so the tissue in this location is called the external intercostal membrane.
The fibers of the external intercostal muscles run downward and forward between adjacent ribs. Eac... | External intercostal membrane | [
"Biology"
] | 190 | [
"Organ systems",
"Musculoskeletal system"
] |
7,143,378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20field | In computer vision, the motion field is an ideal representation of motion in three-dimensional space (3D) as it is projected onto a camera image. Given a simplified camera model, each point in the image is the projection of some point in the 3D scene but the position of the projection of a fixed point in space can va... | Motion field | [
"Physics"
] | 722 | [
"Physical phenomena",
"Motion (physics)",
"Motion in computer vision"
] |
7,143,470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic%20Eclipse%20Modeling%20System | Generic Eclipse Modeling System (GEMS) is a configurable toolkit for creating domain-specific modeling and program synthesis environments for Eclipse. The project aims to bridge the gap between the communities experienced with visual metamodeling tools like those built around the Eclipse modeling technologies, such as ... | Generic Eclipse Modeling System | [
"Engineering"
] | 436 | [
"Software engineering",
"Programming language topics"
] |
7,143,530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerVu | PowerVu is a conditional access system for digital television developed by Scientific Atlanta. It is used for professional broadcasting, notably by Retevision, Bloomberg Television, Discovery Channel, AFRTS, ABS-CBN, GMA Network, and American Forces Network. It is also used by cable companies to prevent viewing by unau... | PowerVu | [
"Engineering"
] | 130 | [
"Broadcast engineering",
"Electronic engineering"
] |
7,143,554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpius%E2%80%93Centaurus%20association | The Scorpius–Centaurus association (sometimes called Sco–Cen or Sco OB2) is the nearest OB association to the Sun. This stellar association is composed of three subgroups (Upper Scorpius, Upper Centaurus–Lupus, and Lower Centaurus–Crux) and its distance is about 130 parsecs or 420 light-years. Analysis using improved H... | Scorpius–Centaurus association | [
"Astronomy"
] | 940 | [
"Centaurus",
"Constellations",
"Crux",
"Scorpius",
"Lupus (constellation)"
] |
7,143,953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparasitic | Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic diseases, such as those caused by helminths, amoeba, ectoparasites, parasitic fungi, and protozoa, among others. Antiparasitics target the parasitic agents of the infections by destroying them or inhibiting their growth; they a... | Antiparasitic | [
"Biology",
"Environmental_science"
] | 759 | [
"Biocides",
"Antiparasitic agents",
"Toxicology"
] |
7,144,771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepped%20nozzle | A stepped nozzle (or dual-bell nozzle) is a de Laval rocket nozzle which has altitude compensating properties.
The characteristic of this kind of nozzle is that part of the way along the inside of the nozzle there is a straightening of the curve of the nozzle contour, followed by a sharp step outwards.
At low altitud... | Stepped nozzle | [
"Engineering"
] | 166 | [
"Mechanical engineering stubs",
"Mechanical engineering"
] |
7,145,373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaze%20defects | Glaze defects are any flaws in the surface quality of a ceramic glaze, its physical structure or its interaction with the body.
Glaze and body mismatch
Certain glaze defects are a result of differences in the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze and the clay body.
Crazing
Crazing is a spider web pattern of crac... | Glaze defects | [
"Chemistry",
"Engineering"
] | 1,540 | [
"Ceramic engineering",
"Ceramic glazes",
"Coatings"
] |
7,146,057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict%20of%20Roussillon | The Edict of Roussillon () was a 1564 edict decreeing that in France the year would begin on 1 January.
During a trip to various parts of his kingdom, the King of France, Charles IX, found that depending on the diocese, the year began either at Christmas (at Lyon, for instance) or on 25 March (as at Vienne), on 1 Marc... | Edict of Roussillon | [
"Physics"
] | 297 | [
"Spacetime",
"Calendars",
"Physical quantities",
"Time"
] |
7,146,399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietdijk%E2%80%93Putnam%20argument | In philosophy, the Rietdijk–Putnam argument, named after and Hilary Putnam, uses 20th-century findings in physicsspecifically in special relativityto support the philosophical position known as four-dimensionalism.
If special relativity is true, then each observer will have their own plane of simultaneity, which cont... | Rietdijk–Putnam argument | [
"Physics"
] | 631 | [
"Special relativity",
"Theory of relativity"
] |
7,146,636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexabromocyclododecane | Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD or HBCDD) is a brominated flame retardant. It consists of twelve carbon, eighteen hydrogen, and six bromine atoms tied to the ring. Its primary application is in extruded (XPS) and expanded (EPS) polystyrene foam used as thermal insulation in construction. Other uses are upholstered furnitu... | Hexabromocyclododecane | [
"Chemistry"
] | 1,524 | [
"Persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention"
] |
7,147,157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely%20integrable%20function | In mathematics, an absolutely integrable function is a function whose absolute value is integrable, meaning that the integral of the absolute value over the whole domain is finite.
For a real-valued function, since
where
both and must be finite. In Lebesgue integration, this is exactly the requirement for any meas... | Absolutely integrable function | [
"Mathematics"
] | 245 | [
"Integral calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
7,147,287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspherical%20space | In topology, a branch of mathematics, an aspherical space is a topological space with all homotopy groups equal to 0 when .
If one works with CW complexes, one can reformulate this condition: an aspherical CW complex is a CW complex whose universal cover is contractible. Indeed, contractibility of a universal cover i... | Aspherical space | [
"Mathematics"
] | 767 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Topology",
"Algebraic topology"
] |
7,147,380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADragon | Síragon, C.A. is a Venezuelan manufacturer and assembler of computer hardware and other electronic products such as digital cameras, tablet, computers and LCD televisions. Siragon also designs and manufactures its own RAM and flash memory and printed circuit boards. The company was created in an alliance between Venezu... | Síragon | [
"Technology"
] | 292 | [
"Computer hardware companies",
"Computer systems companies",
"Computers",
"Computer systems"
] |
7,147,618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CALS%20Table%20Model | The CALS Table Model is a standard for representing tables in SGML/XML. It was developed as part of the Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS) initiative by the United States Department of Defense.
History and rationale
The CALS Table Model was developed by the Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Sup... | CALS Table Model | [
"Technology"
] | 1,098 | [
"Computer standards",
"XML-based standards"
] |
7,147,956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20calculus%20over%20commutative%20algebras | In mathematics the differential calculus over commutative algebras is a part of commutative algebra based on the observation that most concepts known from classical differential calculus can be formulated in purely algebraic terms. Instances of this are:
The whole topological information of a smooth manifold is encod... | Differential calculus over commutative algebras | [
"Mathematics"
] | 775 | [
"Fields of abstract algebra",
"Commutative algebra",
"Differential calculus",
"Calculus"
] |
7,148,261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra%20Electronics | Ultra Electronics Holdings is a British defence and security company. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange and was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by Cobham, which is itself owned by Advent International.
The company was originally founded as Edward E. Rosen & Co., a manufacturer of hea... | Ultra Electronics | [
"Engineering"
] | 1,457 | [
"Radio electronics",
"Radio manufacturers"
] |
7,148,302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy%27s%20inequality | In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's inequality relates the six distances determined by four points in the plane or in a higher-dimensional space. It states that, for any four points , , , and , the following inequality holds:
It is named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy.
The four points can be ordere... | Ptolemy's inequality | [
"Mathematics"
] | 1,053 | [
"Geometric inequalities",
"Inequalities (mathematics)",
"Theorems in geometry"
] |
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