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stringlengths 151
3.71k
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stringlengths 1
25.7k
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bool 2
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stringlengths 1
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int64 -1
3.13k
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stringlengths 489
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5706a0a975f01819005e7c71
|
New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.
|
How many works of art currently reside in the National Museum?
| false
|
200,000
| 390
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many works of art currently reside in the National Museum?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
200,000
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
390
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad4b84d5b96ef001a109e3f
|
Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet.
|
What language do Ukranians use?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What language do Ukranians use?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Slavic standard languages which are official in at least one country: Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Montenegrin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The alphabet depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups. The Orthodox use the Cyrillic alphabet and the Roman Catholics use Latin alphabet, the Bosniaks who are Muslims also use the Latin. Few Greek Roman and Roman Catholics use the Cyrillic alphabet however. The Serbian language and Montenegrin language uses both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. There is also a Latin script to write in Belarusian, called the Lacinka alphabet.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acec3f332bba1001ae4b339
|
All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity, profanity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940, and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty. President Wilkinson expanded the Honor Code in 1957 to include other school standards. This led to what the Honor Code represents today: rules regarding chastity, dress, grooming, drugs, and alcohol. A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process, and must be adhered by all students, faculty, and staff. Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council. In certain cases, students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure. Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance. Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay, and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States.
|
What organization did Brigham Young create?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What organization did Brigham Young create?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity, profanity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940, and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty. President Wilkinson expanded the Honor Code in 1957 to include other school standards. This led to what the Honor Code represents today: rules regarding chastity, dress, grooming, drugs, and alcohol. A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process, and must be adhered by all students, faculty, and staff. Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council. In certain cases, students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure. Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance. Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay, and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56bea8463aeaaa14008c91a9
|
In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening. Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011.
|
Jay Z and Beyonce attended which event together in August of 2011?
| false
|
MTV Video Music Awards
| 40
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Jay Z and Beyonce attended which event together in August of 2011?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In August, the couple attended the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, at which Beyoncé performed "Love on Top" and started the performance saying "Tonight I want you to stand up on your feet, I want you to feel the love that's growing inside of me". At the end of the performance, she dropped her microphone, unbuttoned her blazer and rubbed her stomach, confirming her pregnancy she had alluded to earlier in the evening. Her appearance helped that year's MTV Video Music Awards become the most-watched broadcast in MTV history, pulling in 12.4 million viewers; the announcement was listed in Guinness World Records for "most tweets per second recorded for a single event" on Twitter, receiving 8,868 tweets per second and "Beyonce pregnant" was the most Googled term the week of August 29, 2011.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
MTV Video Music Awards
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
40
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a81f42031013a001a334fd3
|
The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text, which deals with matters of morphology, syntax and semantics.
|
What other text was related to morphology?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What other text was related to morphology?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that is used throughout the main text, which deals with matters of morphology, syntax and semantics.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56f72db03d8e2e1400e373de
|
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem.
|
What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women?
| false
|
1997
| 297
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What year did the Vienna Philharmonic first accept women?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Historically, major professional orchestras have been mostly or entirely composed of male musicians. Some of the earliest cases of women being hired in professional orchestras was in the position of harpist. The Vienna Philharmonic, for example, did not accept women to permanent membership until 1997, far later than the other orchestras ranked among the world's top five by Gramophone in 2008. The last major orchestra to appoint a woman to a permanent position was the Berlin Philharmonic. As late as February 1996, the Vienna Philharmonic's principal flute, Dieter Flury, told Westdeutscher Rundfunk that accepting women would be "gambling with the emotional unity (emotionelle Geschlossenheit) that this organism currently has". In April 1996, the orchestra's press secretary wrote that "compensating for the expected leaves of absence" of maternity leave would be a problem.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1997
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
297
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57300664947a6a140053cf77
|
Literacy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of the Muslim world is unable to read or write, basing that figure on reports from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
|
Which regions have the lowest rate of literacy in the Muslim world?
| false
|
Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa
| 182
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which regions have the lowest rate of literacy in the Muslim world?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Literacy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of the Muslim world is unable to read or write, basing that figure on reports from the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
182
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5710febab654c5140001fa8c
|
Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedias spanned into ancient times, the texts changed from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words in 18th-century encyclopedic dictionaries. The works were part of an Enlightenment movement to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite. As the 18th century progressed, the content of encyclopedias also changed according to readers' tastes. Volumes tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology.
|
What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote?
| false
|
to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite
| 293
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedias spanned into ancient times, the texts changed from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words in 18th-century encyclopedic dictionaries. The works were part of an Enlightenment movement to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite. As the 18th century progressed, the content of encyclopedias also changed according to readers' tastes. Volumes tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
293
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56f7e9f4a6d7ea1400e172b0
|
A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent. Consent will not be invalidated if the misunderstanding was due to the state's own conduct, or if the truth should have been evident.
|
Consent to a treaty will not be invalidated if what should have been evident?
| false
|
the truth
| 284
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Consent to a treaty will not be invalidated if what should have been evident?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A state's consent may be invalidated if there was an erroneous understanding of a fact or situation at the time of conclusion, which formed the "essential basis" of the state's consent. Consent will not be invalidated if the misunderstanding was due to the state's own conduct, or if the truth should have been evident.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the truth
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
284
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57312584497a881900248bc5
|
Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969. In contrast with his mother's conversion to Christianity, Sviatoslav, like his druzhina, remained a staunch pagan. Due to his abrupt death in an ambush in 972, Sviatoslav's conquests, for the most part, were not consolidated into a functioning empire, while his failure to establish a stable succession led to a fratricidal feud among his sons, which resulted in two of his three sons being killed.
|
In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?
| false
|
963
| 136
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short life, Sviatoslav carved out for himself the largest state in Europe, eventually moving his capital from Kiev to Pereyaslavets on the Danube in 969. In contrast with his mother's conversion to Christianity, Sviatoslav, like his druzhina, remained a staunch pagan. Due to his abrupt death in an ambush in 972, Sviatoslav's conquests, for the most part, were not consolidated into a functioning empire, while his failure to establish a stable succession led to a fratricidal feud among his sons, which resulted in two of his three sons being killed.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
963
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
136
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad22892d7d075001a428562
|
In 1995 the National Lottery granted money for a £4.6m sports complex, to add to Eton's existing facilities of two swimming pools, 30 cricket squares, 24 football, rugby and hockey pitches and a gym. The College paid £200,000 and contributed 4.5 hectares of land in return for exclusive use of the facilities during the daytime only. The UK Sports Council defended the deal on the grounds that the whole community would benefit, while the bursar claimed that Windsor, Slough and Eton Athletic Club was "deprived" because local people (who were not pupils at the College) did not have a world-class running track and facilities to train with. Steve Osborn, director of the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit, described the decision as "staggering" given the background of a substantial reduction in youth services by councils across the country, a matter over which, however, neither the College nor the UK Sports Council, had any control. The facility, which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre, opened in April 1999.
|
How much do UK councils spend on youth services each year?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How much do UK councils spend on youth services each year?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1995 the National Lottery granted money for a £4.6m sports complex, to add to Eton's existing facilities of two swimming pools, 30 cricket squares, 24 football, rugby and hockey pitches and a gym. The College paid £200,000 and contributed 4.5 hectares of land in return for exclusive use of the facilities during the daytime only. The UK Sports Council defended the deal on the grounds that the whole community would benefit, while the bursar claimed that Windsor, Slough and Eton Athletic Club was "deprived" because local people (who were not pupils at the College) did not have a world-class running track and facilities to train with. Steve Osborn, director of the Safe Neighbourhoods Unit, described the decision as "staggering" given the background of a substantial reduction in youth services by councils across the country, a matter over which, however, neither the College nor the UK Sports Council, had any control. The facility, which became the Thames Valley Athletics Centre, opened in April 1999.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a65deebc2b11c001a425d89
|
Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to resolve without treatment. Also, incorrect or suboptimal antibiotics are prescribed for certain bacterial infections. The overuse of antibiotics, like penicillin and erythromycin, has been associated with emerging antibiotic resistance since the 1950s. Widespread usage of antibiotics in hospitals has also been associated with increases in bacterial strains and species that no longer respond to treatment with the most common antibiotics.
|
What are the two biggest reasons for antibiotics?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What are the two biggest reasons for antibiotics?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to resolve without treatment. Also, incorrect or suboptimal antibiotics are prescribed for certain bacterial infections. The overuse of antibiotics, like penicillin and erythromycin, has been associated with emerging antibiotic resistance since the 1950s. Widespread usage of antibiotics in hospitals has also been associated with increases in bacterial strains and species that no longer respond to treatment with the most common antibiotics.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56f8dea89e9bad19000a0635
|
It now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the 19th century "Near East" came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term "Far East" appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Viet Nam; in short, the East Indies. "Near East" applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte, or government. Those who used the term had little choice about its meaning. They could not set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean from the Gulf of Sidra to Albania without permits from the Ottoman Empire.
|
In short, the term Far East appeared to name this area
| false
|
the East Indies
| 296
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In short, the term Far East appeared to name this area
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
It now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the 19th century "Near East" came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term "Far East" appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Viet Nam; in short, the East Indies. "Near East" applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte, or government. Those who used the term had little choice about its meaning. They could not set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean from the Gulf of Sidra to Albania without permits from the Ottoman Empire.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the East Indies
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
296
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ace426332bba1001ae4a0e7
|
A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.
|
What does the academic degree MI stand for?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What does the academic degree MI stand for?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A person from Ann Arbor is called an "Ann Arborite", and many long-time residents call themselves "townies". The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". With tongue-in-cheek reference to the city's liberal political leanings, some occasionally refer to Ann Arbor as "The People's Republic of Ann Arbor" or "25 square miles surrounded by reality", the latter phrase being adapted from Wisconsin Governor Lee Dreyfus's description of Madison, Wisconsin. In A Prairie Home Companion broadcast from Ann Arbor, Garrison Keillor described Ann Arbor as "a city where people discuss socialism, but only in the fanciest restaurants." Ann Arbor sometimes appears on citation indexes as an author, instead of a location, often with the academic degree MI, a misunderstanding of the abbreviation for Michigan. Ann Arbor has become increasingly gentrified in recent years.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a725b1053a187001ae630e3
|
The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.
|
What preliminary leads did Kerry have in four states?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What preliminary leads did Kerry have in four states?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5aceb28632bba1001ae4b0ae
|
Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.
|
What percent of the Israeli population is not Jewish?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What percent of the Israeli population is not Jewish?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Between 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a5689d46349e2001acdce1a
|
Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifications as well. They are intended to play on CD-i players, Photo CD players and any computer with the suitable software irrespective of the operating system. The images can also be printed out on photographic paper with a special Kodak machine. This format is not to be confused with Kodak Picture CD, which is a consumer product in CD-ROM format.
|
When was the Beige Book published?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was the Beige Book published?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and storing photos on a CD. Launched in 1992, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high-quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifications as well. They are intended to play on CD-i players, Photo CD players and any computer with the suitable software irrespective of the operating system. The images can also be printed out on photographic paper with a special Kodak machine. This format is not to be confused with Kodak Picture CD, which is a consumer product in CD-ROM format.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5727784ff1498d1400e8f901
|
Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the Populists attracted voters displeased with them. In 1896 a biracial, Populist-Republican Fusionist coalition gained the governor's office. The Democrats regained control of the legislature in 1896 and passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation of public facilities. Voters of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district elected a total of four African-American congressmen through these years of the late 19th century.
|
What political group attracted voters displeased with Democrats?
| false
|
Populists
| 73
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What political group attracted voters displeased with Democrats?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the Populists attracted voters displeased with them. In 1896 a biracial, Populist-Republican Fusionist coalition gained the governor's office. The Democrats regained control of the legislature in 1896 and passed laws to impose Jim Crow and racial segregation of public facilities. Voters of North Carolina's 2nd congressional district elected a total of four African-American congressmen through these years of the late 19th century.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Populists
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
73
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56e06ed17aa994140058e4b3
|
In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.
|
What did the government of Saint Helena fund in 2012?
| false
|
St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015
| 65
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What did the government of Saint Helena fund in 2012?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
65
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad1736a645df0001a2d1c38
|
Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French one since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.
|
Which three countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which three countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French one since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
571de7edb64a571400c71de8
|
Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to "check only one." While some surveys offer an "other" box, this choice groups together individuals of many different multiracial types (ex: European Americans/African-Americans are grouped with Asian/Native American Indians).
|
How many race choices may someone check?
| false
|
only one
| 309
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many race choices may someone check?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to "check only one." While some surveys offer an "other" box, this choice groups together individuals of many different multiracial types (ex: European Americans/African-Americans are grouped with Asian/Native American Indians).
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
only one
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
309
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a73a0a942eae6001a389942
|
At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s. In 1882, he changed his party's name to the Irish Parliamentary Party and created a well-organized grass roots structure, introducing membership to replace "ad hoc" informal groupings. He created a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats, and in 1884 he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party whip and a formal party structure was unique at the time. His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; – they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.
|
What was the Parnellite model replaced with in government?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was the Parnellite model replaced with in government?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
At the same time, the political party reached its modern form, with a membership disciplined through the use of a party whip and the implementation of efficient structures of control. The Home Rule League Party, campaigning for Home Rule for Ireland in the British Parliament was fundamentally changed by the great Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell in the 1880s. In 1882, he changed his party's name to the Irish Parliamentary Party and created a well-organized grass roots structure, introducing membership to replace "ad hoc" informal groupings. He created a new selection procedure to ensure the professional selection of party candidates committed to taking their seats, and in 1884 he imposed a firm 'party pledge' which obliged MPs to vote as a bloc in parliament on all occasions. The creation of a strict party whip and a formal party structure was unique at the time. His party's efficient structure and control contrasted with the loose rules and flexible informality found in the main British parties; – they soon came to model themselves on the Parnellite model.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56e154e5cd28a01900c677e9
|
In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic islands.
|
What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province?
| false
|
Catalan
| 25
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is Spanish replacing in Alicante province?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the Alicante province Catalan is being replaced by Spanish, and in Alghero by Italian. There are also well ingrained diglossic attitudes against Catalan in the Valencian Community, Ibiza, and to a lesser extent, in the rest of the Balearic islands.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Catalan
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
25
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5f
|
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.
|
When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
| false
|
1896
| 219
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1896
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
219
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57269a3bdd62a815002e8ad1
|
In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.
|
Which Australian church follows the traditions of Scotland Presbyterians?
| false
|
The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia
| 603
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Which Australian church follows the traditions of Scotland Presbyterians?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In Australia, Presbyterianism is the fourth largest denomination of Christianity, with nearly 600,000 Australians claiming to be Presbyterian in the 2006 Commonwealth Census. Presbyterian churches were founded in each colony, some with links to the Church of Scotland and others to the Free Church. There were also congregations originating from United Presbyterian Church of Scotland as well as a number founded by John Dunmore Lang. Most of these bodies merged between 1859 and 1870, and in 1901 formed a federal union called the Presbyterian Church of Australia but retaining their state assemblies. The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia representing the Free Church of Scotland tradition, and congregations in Victoria of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, originally from Ireland, are the other existing denominations dating from colonial times.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
The Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
603
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
571a479b10f8ca1400304fad
|
In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revealed when one does better in a given task due only to repetition - no new explicit memories have been formed, but one is unconsciously accessing aspects of those previous experiences. Procedural memory involved in motor learning depends on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
|
What is another term for procedural memory?
| false
|
implicit memory
| 35
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is another term for procedural memory?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revealed when one does better in a given task due only to repetition - no new explicit memories have been formed, but one is unconsciously accessing aspects of those previous experiences. Procedural memory involved in motor learning depends on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
implicit memory
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
35
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572833752ca10214002da090
|
Such strategies, which minimize the maximum loss for each player, are called optimal. Von Neumann showed that their minimaxes are equal (in absolute value) and contrary (in sign). Von Neumann improved and extended the minimax theorem to include games involving imperfect information and games with more than two players, publishing this result in his 1944 Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (written with Oskar Morgenstern). Morgenstern wrote a paper on game theory and thought he would show it to von Neumann because of his interest in the subject. He read it and said to Morgenstern that he should put more in it. This was repeated a couple of times, and then von Neumann became a coauthor and the paper became 100 pages long. Then it became a book. The public interest in this work was such that The New York Times ran a front-page story. In this book, von Neumann declared that economic theory needed to use functional analytic methods, especially convex sets and topological fixed-point theorem, rather than the traditional differential calculus, because the maximum-operator did not preserve differentiable functions.
|
What is optimal strategy?
| false
|
minimize the maximum loss for each player
| 23
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is optimal strategy?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Such strategies, which minimize the maximum loss for each player, are called optimal. Von Neumann showed that their minimaxes are equal (in absolute value) and contrary (in sign). Von Neumann improved and extended the minimax theorem to include games involving imperfect information and games with more than two players, publishing this result in his 1944 Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (written with Oskar Morgenstern). Morgenstern wrote a paper on game theory and thought he would show it to von Neumann because of his interest in the subject. He read it and said to Morgenstern that he should put more in it. This was repeated a couple of times, and then von Neumann became a coauthor and the paper became 100 pages long. Then it became a book. The public interest in this work was such that The New York Times ran a front-page story. In this book, von Neumann declared that economic theory needed to use functional analytic methods, especially convex sets and topological fixed-point theorem, rather than the traditional differential calculus, because the maximum-operator did not preserve differentiable functions.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
minimize the maximum loss for each player
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
23
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acd293a07355d001abf3757
|
In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.
|
Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad6006b5b96ef001a10b004
|
In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region.
|
Who ended the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who ended the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acfdec377cf76001a686361
|
Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from northern Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.
|
What is Sichuan derived from?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is Sichuan derived from?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Although spoken Tibetan varies according to the region, the written language, based on Classical Tibetan, is consistent throughout. This is probably due to the long-standing influence of the Tibetan empire, whose rule embraced (and extended at times far beyond) the present Tibetan linguistic area, which runs from northern Pakistan in the west to Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, and from north of Qinghai Lake south as far as Bhutan. The Tibetan language has its own script which it shares with Ladakhi and Dzongkha, and which is derived from the ancient Indian Brāhmī script.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56df7edb5ca0a614008f9b4c
|
As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. At an early age, however, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, which he left at age 15, completing only the first four forms. His school record was undistinguished, marked by absenteeism and lacklustre grades. His main interest remained in the sciences, especially biology, while he treated other school subjects with indifference, to the dismay of his demanding father. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself. At age 16, Bell secured a position as a "pupil-teacher" of elocution and music, in Weston House Academy, at Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Although he was enrolled as a student in Latin and Greek, he instructed classes himself in return for board and £10 per session. The following year, he attended the University of Edinburgh; joining his older brother Melville who had enrolled there the previous year. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to the University of London.
|
What school did Bell leave at 15?
| false
|
Royal High School
| 146
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What school did Bell leave at 15?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
As a young child, Bell, like his brothers, received his early schooling at home from his father. At an early age, however, he was enrolled at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, Scotland, which he left at age 15, completing only the first four forms. His school record was undistinguished, marked by absenteeism and lacklustre grades. His main interest remained in the sciences, especially biology, while he treated other school subjects with indifference, to the dismay of his demanding father. Upon leaving school, Bell travelled to London to live with his grandfather, Alexander Bell. During the year he spent with his grandfather, a love of learning was born, with long hours spent in serious discussion and study. The elder Bell took great efforts to have his young pupil learn to speak clearly and with conviction, the attributes that his pupil would need to become a teacher himself. At age 16, Bell secured a position as a "pupil-teacher" of elocution and music, in Weston House Academy, at Elgin, Moray, Scotland. Although he was enrolled as a student in Latin and Greek, he instructed classes himself in return for board and £10 per session. The following year, he attended the University of Edinburgh; joining his older brother Melville who had enrolled there the previous year. In 1868, not long before he departed for Canada with his family, Bell completed his matriculation exams and was accepted for admission to the University of London.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Royal High School
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
146
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56f8c3ce9b226e1400dd0f51
|
Radiocarbon dated charcoal placed around 50,000 years ago was found in the Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) cave above the village of Vattis in the canton of St. Gallen, proving that the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people. Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people. The peaks, however, were mostly ignored except for a few notable examples, and long left to the exclusive attention of the people of the adjoining valleys. The mountain peaks were seen as terrifying, the abode of dragons and demons, to the point that people blindfolded themselves to cross the Alpine passes. The glaciers remained a mystery and many still believed the highest areas to be inhabited by dragons.
|
What may have been buried by the same prehistoric people?
| false
|
Seven bear skulls
| 227
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What may have been buried by the same prehistoric people?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Radiocarbon dated charcoal placed around 50,000 years ago was found in the Drachloch (Dragon's Hole) cave above the village of Vattis in the canton of St. Gallen, proving that the high peaks were visited by prehistoric people. Seven bear skulls from the cave may have been buried by the same prehistoric people. The peaks, however, were mostly ignored except for a few notable examples, and long left to the exclusive attention of the people of the adjoining valleys. The mountain peaks were seen as terrifying, the abode of dragons and demons, to the point that people blindfolded themselves to cross the Alpine passes. The glaciers remained a mystery and many still believed the highest areas to be inhabited by dragons.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Seven bear skulls
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
227
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad1731b645df0001a2d1c1e
|
Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of new technology in naval guns and gunnery, thanks to his innovations in fire control 1890–1910. He immediately grasped the potential for air power, and called for the development of a torpedo plane. Fiske, as aide for operations in 1913–15 to Assistant Secretary Franklin D. Roosevelt, proposed a radical reorganization of the Navy to make it a war-fighting instrument. Fiske wanted to centralize authority in a chief of naval operations and an expert staff that would develop new strategies, oversee the construction of a larger fleet, coordinate war planning including force structure, mobilization plans, and industrial base, and ensure that the US Navy possessed the best possible war machines. Eventually, the Navy adopted his reforms and by 1915 started to reorganize for possible involvement in the World War then underway.
|
What naval officer developed old doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 21st Century?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What naval officer developed old doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 21st Century?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske was at the vanguard of new technology in naval guns and gunnery, thanks to his innovations in fire control 1890–1910. He immediately grasped the potential for air power, and called for the development of a torpedo plane. Fiske, as aide for operations in 1913–15 to Assistant Secretary Franklin D. Roosevelt, proposed a radical reorganization of the Navy to make it a war-fighting instrument. Fiske wanted to centralize authority in a chief of naval operations and an expert staff that would develop new strategies, oversee the construction of a larger fleet, coordinate war planning including force structure, mobilization plans, and industrial base, and ensure that the US Navy possessed the best possible war machines. Eventually, the Navy adopted his reforms and by 1915 started to reorganize for possible involvement in the World War then underway.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acfe0e577cf76001a686387
|
The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.
|
The Province of Sanma is mainly Roman Catholic with what minority?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The Province of Sanma is mainly Roman Catholic with what minority?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV is particularly strong in the provinces of Tafea, Shefa, and Malampa. The Province of Sanma is mainly Presbyterian with a strong Roman Catholic minority in the Francophone areas of the province. There are some Presbyterian people, but no organised Presbyterian churches in Penama and Torba, both of which are traditionally Anglican. Vanuatu is the only country in the South Pacific with a significant Presbyterian heritage and membership. The PCV is a founding member of the Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC). The PCV runs many primary schools and Onesua secondary school. The church is strong in the rural villages.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56d66f3e1c85041400947117
|
In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget.
|
What is the basis for this plan?
| false
|
one province to one affected county
| 182
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the basis for this plan?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's budget.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
one province to one affected county
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
182
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572f0e72c246551400ce487f
|
Double deck elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower. Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors. The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors. For example, the 85th floor restaurants can be accessed from the 60th floor sky-lobby. Restaurant customers must clear their reservations at the reception counter on the 2nd floor. A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.
|
During what hours is the lower deck turned off?
| false
|
low-volume hours
| 279
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
During what hours is the lower deck turned off?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Double deck elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower. Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors. The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors. For example, the 85th floor restaurants can be accessed from the 60th floor sky-lobby. Restaurant customers must clear their reservations at the reception counter on the 2nd floor. A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
low-volume hours
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
279
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56dd006d66d3e219004dabaf
|
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
|
What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
| false
|
Petroleum
| 200
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Petroleum
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
200
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc8
|
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
|
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?
| false
|
Fat Man
| 241
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Fat Man
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
241
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57268a73708984140094c962
|
In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry, but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper. In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place within Marvel continuity; helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil.
|
What two Marvel veterans founded Image?
| false
|
Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld
| 292
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What two Marvel veterans founded Image?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry, but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper. In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place within Marvel continuity; helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
292
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5726d76a708984140094d31c
|
On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–29 November). On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a U.S. 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the U.S. 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties.
|
What tactics of the PVA were US and ROK troops not prepared to handle?
| false
|
PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics
| 686
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What tactics of the PVA were US and ROK troops not prepared to handle?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–29 November). On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a U.S. 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the U.S. 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
686
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57328b7c06a3a419008acaec
|
The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are less metamorphosed than Archean-age ones, and plenty are unaltered. Study of these rocks show that the eon featured massive, rapid continental accretion (unique to the Proterozoic), supercontinent cycles, and wholly modern orogenic activity. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–540 Ma.
|
What type of continental behavior was unique to the Proterozoic?
| false
|
rapid continental accretion
| 442
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What type of continental behavior was unique to the Proterozoic?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The geologic record of the Proterozoic (2,500 to 541 million years ago) is more complete than that for the preceding Archean. In contrast to the deep-water deposits of the Archean, the Proterozoic features many strata that were laid down in extensive shallow epicontinental seas; furthermore, many of these rocks are less metamorphosed than Archean-age ones, and plenty are unaltered. Study of these rocks show that the eon featured massive, rapid continental accretion (unique to the Proterozoic), supercontinent cycles, and wholly modern orogenic activity. Roughly 750 million years ago, the earliest-known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–540 Ma.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
rapid continental accretion
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
442
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f25
|
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
|
What are two things that define the princes in theory?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What are two things that define the princes in theory?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadtholder as Holland.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572b713d34ae481900deae15
|
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
|
What makes up Education?
| false
|
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits
| 73
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What makes up Education?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
73
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad23306d7d075001a428782
|
Other notable Old Etonians include scientists Robert Boyle, John Maynard Smith, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Wolfram and the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner, John Gurdon; Beau Brummell; economists John Maynard Keynes and Richard Layard; Antarctic explorer Lawrence Oates; politician Alan Clark; entrepreneur, charity organiser and partner of Adele, Simon Konecki; cricket commentator Henry Blofeld; explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes; adventurer Bear Grylls; composers Thomas Arne, George Butterworth, Roger Quilter, Frederick Septimus Kelly, Donald Tovey, Thomas Dunhill, Lord Berners, Victor Hely-Hutchinson, and Peter Warlock (Philip Heseltine); Hubert Parry, who wrote the song Jerusalem and the coronation anthem I was glad; and musicians Frank Turner and Humphrey Lyttelton.
|
What is Roger Quilter's occupation?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is Roger Quilter's occupation?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Other notable Old Etonians include scientists Robert Boyle, John Maynard Smith, J. B. S. Haldane, Stephen Wolfram and the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winner, John Gurdon; Beau Brummell; economists John Maynard Keynes and Richard Layard; Antarctic explorer Lawrence Oates; politician Alan Clark; entrepreneur, charity organiser and partner of Adele, Simon Konecki; cricket commentator Henry Blofeld; explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes; adventurer Bear Grylls; composers Thomas Arne, George Butterworth, Roger Quilter, Frederick Septimus Kelly, Donald Tovey, Thomas Dunhill, Lord Berners, Victor Hely-Hutchinson, and Peter Warlock (Philip Heseltine); Hubert Parry, who wrote the song Jerusalem and the coronation anthem I was glad; and musicians Frank Turner and Humphrey Lyttelton.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ace2e9932bba1001ae49cff
|
The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wilson) played a leading role in the Human Genome Project, having contributed 25% of the finished sequence. The School pioneered bedside teaching and led in the transformation of empirical knowledge into scientific medicine. The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital (part of BJC HealthCare), where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.
|
Who directs the Washington University School of Medicine?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who directs the Washington University School of Medicine?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wilson) played a leading role in the Human Genome Project, having contributed 25% of the finished sequence. The School pioneered bedside teaching and led in the transformation of empirical knowledge into scientific medicine. The medical school partners with St. Louis Children's Hospital and Barnes-Jewish Hospital (part of BJC HealthCare), where all physicians are members of the school's faculty.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a84ba667cf838001a46aa6c
|
Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's. For instance, to keep their party colleagues "on message," they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested press releases or "talking points" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize "town meetings" in Members' districts around the country to publicize the party's agenda or a specific priority, such as health care or education; they sponsor party "retreats" to discuss issues and assess the party's public image; they create "theme teams" to craft party messages that might be raised during the one-minute, morning hour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public.
|
What kind of teams are created by the public to make sure they discuss topics of interest at town meetings?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What kind of teams are created by the public to make sure they discuss topics of interest at town meetings?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's. For instance, to keep their party colleagues "on message," they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested press releases or "talking points" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize "town meetings" in Members' districts around the country to publicize the party's agenda or a specific priority, such as health care or education; they sponsor party "retreats" to discuss issues and assess the party's public image; they create "theme teams" to craft party messages that might be raised during the one-minute, morning hour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572a50227a1753140016ae99
|
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
|
What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
| false
|
Kaliningrad
| 437
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trade and there is sometimes talk of reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg. The city centre of Kaliningrad was completely rebuilt, as British bombs in 1944 and the Soviet siege in 1945 had left it in nothing but ruins.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Kaliningrad
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
437
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56de8b184396321400ee2a08
|
Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit. This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor. In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video, Carnival in Rio. In 1984, he made his first appearance as the eponymous character, and what some would say was his acting career's signature role, in James Cameron's science fiction thriller film The Terminator. Following this, Schwarzenegger made Red Sonja in 1985.
|
What year was the first Terminator movie released?
| false
|
1984
| 178
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What year was the first Terminator movie released?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Schwarzenegger's breakthrough film was the sword-and-sorcery epic Conan the Barbarian in 1982, which was a box-office hit. This was followed by a sequel, Conan the Destroyer, in 1984, although it was not as successful as its predecessor. In 1983, Schwarzenegger starred in the promotional video, Carnival in Rio. In 1984, he made his first appearance as the eponymous character, and what some would say was his acting career's signature role, in James Cameron's science fiction thriller film The Terminator. Following this, Schwarzenegger made Red Sonja in 1985.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1984
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
178
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57327363b9d445190005eb36
|
Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied participation and congressional approval. When the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu fell to the Vietnamese Communists in May 1954, Eisenhower refused to intervene despite urgings from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, the Vice President and the head of NCS.
|
What did American bombers drop on Vietnam?
| false
|
napalm
| 151
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What did American bombers drop on Vietnam?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Eisenhower did provide France with bombers and non-combat personnel. After a few months with no success by the French, he added other aircraft to drop napalm for clearing purposes. Further requests for assistance from the French were agreed to but only on conditions Eisenhower knew were impossible to meet – allied participation and congressional approval. When the French fortress of Dien Bien Phu fell to the Vietnamese Communists in May 1954, Eisenhower refused to intervene despite urgings from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, the Vice President and the head of NCS.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
napalm
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
151
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acfce2e77cf76001a6860d5
|
The Section d'Or, also known as Groupe de Puteaux, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépendants. The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912, was arguably the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition; exposing Cubism to a wide audience. Over 200 works were displayed, and the fact that many of the artists showed artworks representative of their development from 1909 to 1912 gave the exhibition the allure of a Cubist retrospective.
|
What was also known as Non-Groupe de Puteaux?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was also known as Non-Groupe de Puteaux?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Section d'Or, also known as Groupe de Puteaux, founded by some of the most conspicuous Cubists, was a collective of painters, sculptors and critics associated with Cubism and Orphism, active from 1911 through about 1914, coming to prominence in the wake of their controversial showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépendants. The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912, was arguably the most important pre-World War I Cubist exhibition; exposing Cubism to a wide audience. Over 200 works were displayed, and the fact that many of the artists showed artworks representative of their development from 1909 to 1912 gave the exhibition the allure of a Cubist retrospective.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572670205951b619008f72a7
|
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.
|
What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records?
| false
|
1921
| 185
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
1921
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
185
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5727e7f83acd2414000def75
|
In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communication respectively. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027-2028 academic year.
|
What branch did Northwestern open in Education City, Doha, Qatar?
| false
|
NU-Q
| 317
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What branch did Northwestern open in Education City, Doha, Qatar?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communication respectively. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027-2028 academic year.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
NU-Q
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
317
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56f8245fa6d7ea1400e17409
|
In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only with the consent of the sejmiks, and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses. The Nieszawa Statutes also curbed the power of the magnates, as the Sejm (national parliament) received the right to elect many officials, including judges, voivods and castellans. These privileges were demanded by the szlachta as a compensation for their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.
|
Why did the szlachta demand privileges?
| false
|
their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.
| 608
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Why did the szlachta demand privileges?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1454 King Casimir IV granted the Nieszawa Statutes (Polish: "statuty cerkwicko-nieszawskie"), clarifying the legal basis of voivodship sejmiks (local parliaments). The king could promulgate new laws, raise taxes, or call for a levée en masse (pospolite ruszenie) only with the consent of the sejmiks, and the nobility were protected from judicial abuses. The Nieszawa Statutes also curbed the power of the magnates, as the Sejm (national parliament) received the right to elect many officials, including judges, voivods and castellans. These privileges were demanded by the szlachta as a compensation for their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
their participation in the Thirteen Years' War.
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
608
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a12520e6614be00188f24f0
|
It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play. The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.
|
What made these type of exhibition games more popular?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What made these type of exhibition games more popular?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play. The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a0e19f9d7c8500018864526
|
The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Ontario Rugby Football Union, the last amateur organization to compete for the trophy, withdrew from competition in 1954. The move ushered in the modern era of Canadian professional football.
|
What did the Gov. Gen. of Ottawa to donate?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What did the Gov. Gen. of Ottawa to donate?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1950s. The Ontario Rugby Football Union, the last amateur organization to compete for the trophy, withdrew from competition in 1954. The move ushered in the modern era of Canadian professional football.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572f8332a23a5019007fc6ba
|
As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.
|
What was a common background of post-punk musicians?
| false
|
backgrounds in art
| 207
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was a common background of post-punk musicians?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
As the initial punk movement dwindled, vibrant new scenes began to coalesce out of a variety of bands pursuing experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory in their work. Many of these artists drew on backgrounds in art and viewed their music as invested in particular political or aesthetic agendas. British music publications such as the NME and Sounds developed an influential part in this nascent post-punk culture, with writers like Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman developing a dense (and often playful) style of criticism that drew on critical theory, radical politics and an eclectic variety of other sources.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
backgrounds in art
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
207
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56de45944396321400ee274d
|
The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:
|
What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?
| false
|
very high human development
| 242
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are:
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
very high human development
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
242
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a36f03795360f001af1b363
|
In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths. The canonical Easter tables were devised at the end of the third century, when the vernal equinox fell either on 20 March or 21 March depending on the year's position in the leap year cycle. As the rule was that the full moon preceding Easter was not to precede the equinox the equinox was fixed at 21 March for computational purposes and the earliest date for Easter was fixed at 22 March. The Gregorian calendar reproduced these conditions by removing ten days.
|
What was March 22 the latest date for?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was March 22 the latest date for?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In addition to the change in the mean length of the calendar year from 365.25 days (365 days 6 hours) to 365.2425 days (365 days 5 hours 49 minutes 12 seconds), a reduction of 10 minutes 48 seconds per year, the Gregorian calendar reform also dealt with the accumulated difference between these lengths. The canonical Easter tables were devised at the end of the third century, when the vernal equinox fell either on 20 March or 21 March depending on the year's position in the leap year cycle. As the rule was that the full moon preceding Easter was not to precede the equinox the equinox was fixed at 21 March for computational purposes and the earliest date for Easter was fixed at 22 March. The Gregorian calendar reproduced these conditions by removing ten days.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea1
|
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
|
Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
| false
|
arousal
| 403
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into two dimensions known as valence (how negative or positive the experience feels) and arousal (how energized or enervated the experience feels). These two dimensions can be depicted on a 2D coordinate map. This two-dimensional map was theorized to capture one important component of emotion called core affect. Core affect is not the only component to emotion, but gives the emotion its hedonic and felt energy.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
arousal
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
403
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572a38cb1d04691400779863
|
In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years.
|
Hayek became a member of which group in 1984?
| false
|
Order of the Companions of Honour
| 42
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Hayek became a member of which group in 1984?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 1984, he was appointed a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the US Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article "The Use of Knowledge in Society" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in The American Economic Review during its first 100 years.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Order of the Companions of Honour
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
42
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572efd6403f9891900756b30
|
Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world. Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence, it is today, due to the Telugu film industry, the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures.
|
What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?
| false
|
Mughlai culture
| 206
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What culture is most represented in the food of Hyderabad?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Relics of Qutb Shahi and Nizam rule remain visible today, with the Charminar—commissioned by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah—coming to symbolise Hyderabad. Golconda fort is another major landmark. The influence of Mughlai culture is also evident in the city's distinctive cuisine, which includes Hyderabadi biryani and Hyderabadi haleem. The Qutb Shahis and Nizams established Hyderabad as a cultural hub, attracting men of letters from different parts of the world. Hyderabad emerged as the foremost centre of culture in India with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the mid-19th century, with artists migrating to the city from the rest of the Indian subcontinent. While Hyderabad is losing its cultural pre-eminence, it is today, due to the Telugu film industry, the country's second-largest producer of motion pictures.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Mughlai culture
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
206
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56f823f3aef2371900625e1b
|
Every year a "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the "House of Flowers" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration.
|
Where does the annual "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race end?
| false
|
"House of Flowers"
| 115
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Where does the annual "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race end?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Every year a "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the "House of Flowers" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
"House of Flowers"
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
115
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57321aceb9d445190005e7f5
|
In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat John G. Carlisle of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed in nomination for the speakership J. Warren Keifer of Ohio, who was Speaker the previous Congress. Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader. He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries." Keifer received "the empty honor of the minority nomination. But with it came a sting -- for while this naturally involves the floor leadership, he was deserted by his [partisan] associates and his career as a national figure terminated ingloriously." Representative Thomas Reed, R-ME, who later became Speaker, assumed the de facto role of minority floor leader in Keifer's stead. "[A]lthough Keifer was the minority's candidate for Speaker, Reed became its acknowledged leader, and ever after, so long as he served in the House, remained the most conspicuous member of his party.
|
Who's contention is it that the minority party candidate is clearly Minority Leader since 1883?
| false
|
Randall Ripley
| 39
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who's contention is it that the minority party candidate is clearly Minority Leader since 1883?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat John G. Carlisle of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed in nomination for the speakership J. Warren Keifer of Ohio, who was Speaker the previous Congress. Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader. He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries." Keifer received "the empty honor of the minority nomination. But with it came a sting -- for while this naturally involves the floor leadership, he was deserted by his [partisan] associates and his career as a national figure terminated ingloriously." Representative Thomas Reed, R-ME, who later became Speaker, assumed the de facto role of minority floor leader in Keifer's stead. "[A]lthough Keifer was the minority's candidate for Speaker, Reed became its acknowledged leader, and ever after, so long as he served in the House, remained the most conspicuous member of his party.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Randall Ripley
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
39
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ace9a4432bba1001ae4ac58
|
Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, the school was not officially recognized as a university by any accreditation organization. By the end of his term, the school was accredited under all major accrediting organizations at the time. He was eventually replaced by Howard S. McDonald, who received his doctorate from the University of California. When he first received the position, the Second World War had just ended, and thousands of students were flooding into BYU. By the end of his stay, the school had grown nearly five times to an enrollment of 5,440 students. The university did not have the facilities to handle such a large influx, so he bought part of an Air Force Base in Ogden, Utah and rebuilt it to house some of the students. The next president, Ernest L. Wilkinson, also oversaw a period of intense growth, as the school adopted an accelerated building program. Wilkinson was responsible for the building of over eighty structures on the campus, many of which still stand. During his tenure, the student body increased six times, making BYU the largest private school at the time. The quality of the students also increased, leading to higher educational standards at the school. Finally, Wilkinson reorganized the LDS Church units on campus, with ten stakes and over 100 wards being added during his administration.
|
Who saw enrollment of 4540 students at the end of his stay?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who saw enrollment of 4540 students at the end of his stay?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Franklin S. Harris was appointed the university's president in 1921. He was the first BYU president to have a doctoral degree. Harris made several important changes to the school, reorganizing it into a true university, whereas before, its organization had remnants of the Academy days. At the beginning of his tenure, the school was not officially recognized as a university by any accreditation organization. By the end of his term, the school was accredited under all major accrediting organizations at the time. He was eventually replaced by Howard S. McDonald, who received his doctorate from the University of California. When he first received the position, the Second World War had just ended, and thousands of students were flooding into BYU. By the end of his stay, the school had grown nearly five times to an enrollment of 5,440 students. The university did not have the facilities to handle such a large influx, so he bought part of an Air Force Base in Ogden, Utah and rebuilt it to house some of the students. The next president, Ernest L. Wilkinson, also oversaw a period of intense growth, as the school adopted an accelerated building program. Wilkinson was responsible for the building of over eighty structures on the campus, many of which still stand. During his tenure, the student body increased six times, making BYU the largest private school at the time. The quality of the students also increased, leading to higher educational standards at the school. Finally, Wilkinson reorganized the LDS Church units on campus, with ten stakes and over 100 wards being added during his administration.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a2eefa5a83784001a7d259b
|
Both low-cost and luxury housing were built by the government in the Brasília. The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras ("superblocks"): groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces. At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore. Originally the city planners envisioned extensive public areas along the shores of the artificial lake, but during early development private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants gained footholds around the water. Set well apart from the city are satellite cities, including Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina. These cities, with the exception of Gama and Sobradinho were not planned.
|
What is the definition of a Nucleo?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is the definition of a Nucleo?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Both low-cost and luxury housing were built by the government in the Brasília. The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras ("superblocks"): groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces. At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, separated from the inner city, is a peninsula with many fashionable homes, and a similar city exists on the southern lakeshore. Originally the city planners envisioned extensive public areas along the shores of the artificial lake, but during early development private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants gained footholds around the water. Set well apart from the city are satellite cities, including Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina. These cities, with the exception of Gama and Sobradinho were not planned.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572b6963f75d5e190021fdab
|
Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.
|
What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?
| false
|
pollution, eroded silt and overfishing
| 66
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
pollution, eroded silt and overfishing
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
66
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56df7e625ca0a614008f9b44
|
The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels. There is also a privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of the city, Drake Memorial Park which does not allow headstones to mark graves, but a brass plaque set into the ground.
|
In lieu of headstones, what grave markers are used at Drake Memorial Park?
| false
|
a brass plaque
| 372
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In lieu of headstones, what grave markers are used at Drake Memorial Park?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The mid-19th century burial ground at Ford Park Cemetery was reopened in 2007 by a successful trust and the City council operate two large early 20th century cemeteries at Weston Mill and Efford both with crematoria and chapels. There is also a privately owned cemetery on the outskirts of the city, Drake Memorial Park which does not allow headstones to mark graves, but a brass plaque set into the ground.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
a brass plaque
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
372
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
570b4f4dec8fbc190045b977
|
After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.
|
How long did the first phase of fighting last?
| false
|
approximately three weeks
| 630
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How long did the first phase of fighting last?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
approximately three weeks
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
630
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572685f55951b619008f757d
|
NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February, featuring the Daytona 500, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July. The 24 Hours of Daytona is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races. The Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and Grand Prix of Miami have held IndyCar races as well.
|
What is headquartered in Daytona
| false
|
NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February
| 0
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is headquartered in Daytona
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February, featuring the Daytona 500, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July. The 24 Hours of Daytona is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races. The Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and Grand Prix of Miami have held IndyCar races as well.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
0
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
571a96bf4faf5e1900b8aae6
|
Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy. However, most people with this surname hail from within Sephardic communities, particularly from the Syrian Jewish community. The Sephardic carriers of the surname would have some Ashkenazi ancestors since the surname was adopted by families who were initially of Ashkenazic origins who moved to Sephardi countries and joined those communities. Ashkenazi would be formally adopted as the family surname having started off as a nickname imposed by their adopted communities. Some have shortened the name to Ash.
|
What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?
| false
|
Vladimir Ashkenazy
| 59
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What famous person is mentioned as having the surname Ashkenazi?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Several famous people have Ashkenazi as a surname, such as Vladimir Ashkenazy. However, most people with this surname hail from within Sephardic communities, particularly from the Syrian Jewish community. The Sephardic carriers of the surname would have some Ashkenazi ancestors since the surname was adopted by families who were initially of Ashkenazic origins who moved to Sephardi countries and joined those communities. Ashkenazi would be formally adopted as the family surname having started off as a nickname imposed by their adopted communities. Some have shortened the name to Ash.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Vladimir Ashkenazy
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
59
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a7
|
This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish.
|
What is French-Spanish and Spanish-Italian mutual incomprehensibility due to?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is French-Spanish and Spanish-Italian mutual incomprehensibility due to?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acd3eef07355d001abf3a25
|
Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz.
|
BeiDou-1, along with Russian GLONASS, use which type of satellites?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
BeiDou-1, along with Russian GLONASS, use which type of satellites?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use medium Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in geostationary orbit. This means that the system does not require a large constellation of satellites, but it also limits the coverage to areas on Earth where the satellites are visible. The area that can be serviced is from longitude 70°E to 140°E and from latitude 5°N to 55°N. A frequency of the system is 2491.75 MHz.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57278722dd62a815002e9f91
|
The CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization in the U.S.S.R., and the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.[citation needed]
|
What group was the first to oppose the Soviet government publicly?
| false
|
Helsinki-86
| 301
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What group was the first to oppose the Soviet government publicly?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The CTAG (Latvian: Cilvēktiesību aizstāvības grupa, Human Rights Defense Group) Helsinki-86 was founded in July 1986 in the Latvian port town of Liepāja by three workers: Linards Grantiņš, Raimonds Bitenieks, and Mārtiņš Bariss. Its name refers to the human-rights statements of the Helsinki Accords. Helsinki-86 was the first openly anti-Communist organization in the U.S.S.R., and the first openly organized opposition to the Soviet regime, setting an example for other ethnic minorities' pro-independence movements.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Helsinki-86
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
301
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5706b8b42eaba6190074ac76
|
A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.
|
george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?
| false
|
Los Angeles
| 699
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
george centeno, darren ramirez, and martin o. cairo developed a hard house sound in what city?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A new generation of clubs such as Liverpool's Cream and the Ministry of Sound were opened to provide a venue for more commercial sounds. Major record companies began to open "superclubs" promoting their own acts. These superclubs entered into sponsorship deals initially with fast food, soft drinks, and clothing companies. Flyers in clubs in Ibiza often sported many corporate logos. A new subgenre, Chicago hard house, was developed by DJs such as Bad Boy Bill, DJ Lynnwood, DJ Irene, Richard "Humpty" Vission and DJ Enrie, mixing elements of Chicago house, funky house and hard house together. Additionally, Producers such as George Centeno, Darren Ramirez, and Martin O. Cairo would develop the Los Angeles Hard House sound. Similar to gabber or hardcore techno from the Netherlands, this sound was often associated with the "rebel" culture of the time. These 3 producers are often considered "ahead of their time" since many of the sounds they engineered during the late 20th century became more prominent during the 21st century.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Los Angeles
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
699
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5729052baf94a219006a9f5f
|
In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. After the Nazi eugenics program, racial essentialism lost widespread popularity. Race anthropologists were pressured to acknowledge findings coming from studies of culture and population genetics, and to revise their conclusions about the sources of phenotypic variation. A significant number of modern anthropologists and biologists in the West came to view race as an invalid genetic or biological designation.
|
Who taught and accepted the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic?
| false
|
many anthropologists
| 27
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who taught and accepted the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. After the Nazi eugenics program, racial essentialism lost widespread popularity. Race anthropologists were pressured to acknowledge findings coming from studies of culture and population genetics, and to revise their conclusions about the sources of phenotypic variation. A significant number of modern anthropologists and biologists in the West came to view race as an invalid genetic or biological designation.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
many anthropologists
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
27
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5730e962f6cb411900e24546
|
Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975.
|
For which mission did NASA astronauts first learn Russian?
| false
|
Apollo-Soyuz
| 1,172
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
For which mission did NASA astronauts first learn Russian?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World Meteorological Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Criminal Court, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Universal Postal Union, World Bank, Commonwealth of Independent States, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Eurasian Economic Community, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, International Organization for Standardization, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, International Mathematical Olympiad. The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station - NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to the Apollo-Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Apollo-Soyuz
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
1172
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acdf26632bba1001ae498b1
|
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.
|
When did the RSFSR continue to be a part of the Soviet Union?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did the RSFSR continue to be a part of the Soviet Union?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572fcad3947a6a140053cccc
|
Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions of outright military rule, the Roman Republic remained an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms (with varying degrees of independence, both de jure and de facto) until it transitioned into the Roman Empire. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.
|
What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west?
| false
|
intentional empire-building
| 95
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was not seen as an influence of Rome's influence in the west?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Historians see the growing Roman influence over the east, as with the west, as not a matter of intentional empire-building, but constant crisis management narrowly focused on short-term goals within a highly unstable, unpredictable, and inter-dependent network of alliances and dependencies. With some major exceptions of outright military rule, the Roman Republic remained an alliance of independent city-states and kingdoms (with varying degrees of independence, both de jure and de facto) until it transitioned into the Roman Empire. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
intentional empire-building
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
95
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a2e024ff28ef0001a5266e7
|
The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its enhanced status within the Department. As commercial flying increased, the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control (ATC) along the airways. In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system. The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps, blackboards, and mental calculations to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities.
|
What was the Bureau of Air Commerce renamed to?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was the Bureau of Air Commerce renamed to?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its enhanced status within the Department. As commercial flying increased, the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control (ATC) along the airways. In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system. The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps, blackboards, and mental calculations to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57295470af94a219006aa2c0
|
In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric acid to form fecal pellets. The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion. The uric acid is formed using hemolymph waste products diffused from the Malpighian tubules (element 20). It is then emptied directly into the alimentary canal, at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80
|
An insects rectum absorbs how much water?
| false
|
90%
| 157
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
An insects rectum absorbs how much water?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric acid to form fecal pellets. The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion. The uric acid is formed using hemolymph waste products diffused from the Malpighian tubules (element 20). It is then emptied directly into the alimentary canal, at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
90%
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
157
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5710224aa58dae1900cd68db
|
Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.
|
How old was George Stinney when he was executed?
| false
|
14
| 643
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How old was George Stinney when he was executed?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
14
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
643
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5726cd9edd62a815002e90b4
|
Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. Dozens of daily newspapers are published, including El Universal, Excélsior, Reforma and La Jornada. Other major papers include Milenio, Crónica, El Economista and El Financiero. Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest.
|
How many newspaper call Mexico City home?
| false
|
Dozens
| 182
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
How many newspaper call Mexico City home?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. Dozens of daily newspapers are published, including El Universal, Excélsior, Reforma and La Jornada. Other major papers include Milenio, Crónica, El Economista and El Financiero. Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Dozens
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
182
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
56dfc2707aa994140058e14d
|
Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities, to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. During his life he also received dozens of major awards, medals and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.
|
In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?
| false
|
Alexander Graham Bell Gardens
| 508
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In which gardens was the Bell Telephone Memorial constructed?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Honors and tributes flowed to Bell in increasing numbers as his most famous invention became ubiquitous and his personal fame grew. Bell received numerous honorary degrees from colleges and universities, to the point that the requests almost became burdensome. During his life he also received dozens of major awards, medals and other tributes. These included statuary monuments to both him and the new form of communication his telephone created, notably the Bell Telephone Memorial erected in his honor in Alexander Graham Bell Gardens in Brantford, Ontario, in 1917.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Alexander Graham Bell Gardens
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
508
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572f30b604bcaa1900d7677f
|
British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.
|
What was British imperial strength replace by?
| false
|
steamship and the telegraph
| 49
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was British imperial strength replace by?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
steamship and the telegraph
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
49
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a78822bb73996001af5a6b5
|
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
|
What was Riba's banned name?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was Riba's banned name?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57062dc675f01819005e7a28
|
With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.
|
Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?
| false
|
to diversify away from gaming
| 245
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to what failure?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
With the redevelopment of Las Vegas and the opening of two casinos in Connecticut in the early 1990s, along with newly built casinos in the nearby Philadelphia metro area in the 2000s, Atlantic City's tourism began to decline due to its failure to diversify away from gaming. Determined to expand, in 1999 the Atlantic City Redevelopment Authority partnered with Las Vegas casino mogul Steve Wynn to develop a new roadway to a barren section of the city near the Marina. Nicknamed "The Tunnel Project", Steve Wynn planned the proposed 'Mirage Atlantic City' around the idea that he would connect the $330 million tunnel stretching 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from the Atlantic City Expressway to his new resort. The roadway was later officially named the Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector, and funnels incoming traffic off of the expressway into the city's marina district and Brigantine, New Jersey.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
to diversify away from gaming
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
245
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57277778708984140094de55
|
In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]
|
What is one reasons Shakespeare is a good place to focus on textual criticism?
| false
|
the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation,
| 125
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is one reasons Shakespeare is a good place to focus on textual criticism?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation,
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
125
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a85e8cbb4e223001a8e72cd
|
In a 'Letter to American People' written by Osama bin Laden in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue. While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence. An investigation in 2002 unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates were prospering in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit approval of Pakistan's National Intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence. A team of Special Air Service and Delta Force was sent into Indian-administered Kashmir in 2002 to hunt for Osama bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, signed al-Qaeda's 1998 declaration of holy war, which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies. Indian sources claimed that In 2006, Al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government. India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense secretary Robert Gates stated that Al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.
|
Who did the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen attempt to hunt down?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who did the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen attempt to hunt down?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In a 'Letter to American People' written by Osama bin Laden in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue. While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence. An investigation in 2002 unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates were prospering in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit approval of Pakistan's National Intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence. A team of Special Air Service and Delta Force was sent into Indian-administered Kashmir in 2002 to hunt for Osama bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, signed al-Qaeda's 1998 declaration of holy war, which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies. Indian sources claimed that In 2006, Al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government. India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense secretary Robert Gates stated that Al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572fcb7b04bcaa1900d76d42
|
The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940. In August of 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities ("points and lines"), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.
|
In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?
| false
|
Chungking
| 802
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940. In August of 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities ("points and lines"), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Chungking
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
802
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5731404f497a881900248ced
|
Demand in Europe for Chinese goods such as silk, tea, and ceramics could only be met if European companies funneled their limited supplies of silver into China. In the late 1700s, the governments of Britain and France were deeply concerned about the imbalance of trade and the drain of silver. To meet the growing Chinese demand for opium, the British East India Company greatly expanded its production in Bengal. Since China's economy was essentially self-sufficient, the country had little need to import goods or raw materials from the Europeans, so the usual way of payment was through silver. The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade. Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839, leading Britain to send a military expedition the following year.
|
What were the British and French concerned about?
| false
|
imbalance of trade and the drain of silver
| 250
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What were the British and French concerned about?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Demand in Europe for Chinese goods such as silk, tea, and ceramics could only be met if European companies funneled their limited supplies of silver into China. In the late 1700s, the governments of Britain and France were deeply concerned about the imbalance of trade and the drain of silver. To meet the growing Chinese demand for opium, the British East India Company greatly expanded its production in Bengal. Since China's economy was essentially self-sufficient, the country had little need to import goods or raw materials from the Europeans, so the usual way of payment was through silver. The Daoguang Emperor, concerned both over the outflow of silver and the damage that opium smoking was causing to his subjects, ordered Lin Zexu to end the opium trade. Lin confiscated the stocks of opium without compensation in 1839, leading Britain to send a military expedition the following year.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
imbalance of trade and the drain of silver
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
250
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5ad24276d7d075001a42899f
|
On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre. The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October.
|
Who produced the sketch for BBC One?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Who produced the sketch for BBC One?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On 13 March 2015, several members of the cast and crew, including Craig, Whishaw, Wilson and Mendes, as well as previous James Bond actor, Sir Roger Moore, appeared in a sketch written by David Walliams and the Dawson Brothers for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day on BBC One. In the sketch, they film a behind-the-scenes mockumentary on the filming of Spectre. The first teaser trailer for Spectre was released worldwide in March 2015, followed by the theatrical trailer in July and the final trailer in October.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
572f7534a23a5019007fc641
|
Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all. Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus.
|
IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?
| false
|
unpleasantness
| 9
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all. Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
unpleasantness
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
9
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5728c8262ca10214002da7b6
|
In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and chemical products. Estonia also exports 1.562 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually. At the same time Estonia imports machinery and equipment, chemical products, textiles, food products and transportation equipment. Estonia imports 200 million kilowatt hours of electricity annually.
|
When did a huge deficit and rising inflation place pressure on Estonia's currency?
| false
|
2007
| 3
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
When did a huge deficit and rising inflation place pressure on Estonia's currency?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and chemical products. Estonia also exports 1.562 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually. At the same time Estonia imports machinery and equipment, chemical products, textiles, food products and transportation equipment. Estonia imports 200 million kilowatt hours of electricity annually.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
2007
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
3
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
570b8ef3ec8fbc190045ba6d
|
Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus.
|
What technology is used by night-vision devices?
| false
|
active near-infrared illumination
| 107
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What technology is used by night-vision devices?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Infrared radiation is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications. Night-vision devices using active near-infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. Infrared astronomy uses sensor-equipped telescopes to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect objects such as planets, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe. Infrared thermal-imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, to observe changing blood flow in the skin, and to detect overheating of electrical apparatus.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
active near-infrared illumination
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
107
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
571097dca58dae1900cd6aa3
|
The writers of Grub Street, the Grub Street Hacks, were left feeling bitter about the relative success of the men of letters, and found an outlet for their literature which was typified by the libelle. Written mostly in the form of pamphlets, the libelles "slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself". Le Gazetier cuirassé by Charles Théveneau de Morande was a prototype of the genre. It was Grub Street literature that was most read by the public during the Enlightenment. More importantly, according to Darnton, the Grub Street hacks inherited the "revolutionary spirit" once displayed by the philosophes, and paved the way for the French Revolution by desacralizing figures of political, moral and religious authority in France.
|
Libelles were generally written in what form?
| false
|
pamphlets
| 232
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Libelles were generally written in what form?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The writers of Grub Street, the Grub Street Hacks, were left feeling bitter about the relative success of the men of letters, and found an outlet for their literature which was typified by the libelle. Written mostly in the form of pamphlets, the libelles "slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself". Le Gazetier cuirassé by Charles Théveneau de Morande was a prototype of the genre. It was Grub Street literature that was most read by the public during the Enlightenment. More importantly, according to Darnton, the Grub Street hacks inherited the "revolutionary spirit" once displayed by the philosophes, and paved the way for the French Revolution by desacralizing figures of political, moral and religious authority in France.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
pamphlets
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
232
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5727cd5c2ca10214002d96c0
|
Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The post modern Neo-Gothic spires of the One Detroit Center (1993) were designed to blend with the city's Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco style include the Guardian Building and Penobscot Building downtown, as well as the Fisher Building and Cadillac Place in the New Center area near Wayne State University. Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.
|
What university is near the New Center?
| false
|
Wayne State University
| 468
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What university is near the New Center?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The post modern Neo-Gothic spires of the One Detroit Center (1993) were designed to blend with the city's Art Deco skyscrapers. Together with the Renaissance Center, they form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco style include the Guardian Building and Penobscot Building downtown, as well as the Fisher Building and Cadillac Place in the New Center area near Wayne State University. Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest Fox Theatre, the Detroit Opera House, and the Detroit Institute of Arts.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Wayne State University
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
468
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57269781708984140094cb26
|
On Saturday, 24 June 1950, U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson informed President Truman that the North Koreans had invaded South Korea. Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response and agreed that the United States was obligated to act, paralleling the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in the 1930s, with the conclusion being that the mistake of appeasement must not be repeated. Several U.S. industries were mobilized to supply materials, labor, capital, production facilities, and other services necessary to support the military objectives of the Korean War. However, President Truman later acknowledged that he believed fighting the invasion was essential to the American goal of the global containment of communism as outlined in the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) (declassified in 1975):
|
The North Korean invasion of South Korea was compared to what event?
| false
|
Adolf Hitler's aggressions
| 291
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
The North Korean invasion of South Korea was compared to what event?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
On Saturday, 24 June 1950, U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson informed President Truman that the North Koreans had invaded South Korea. Truman and Acheson discussed a U.S. invasion response and agreed that the United States was obligated to act, paralleling the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions in the 1930s, with the conclusion being that the mistake of appeasement must not be repeated. Several U.S. industries were mobilized to supply materials, labor, capital, production facilities, and other services necessary to support the military objectives of the Korean War. However, President Truman later acknowledged that he believed fighting the invasion was essential to the American goal of the global containment of communism as outlined in the National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68) (declassified in 1975):
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
Adolf Hitler's aggressions
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
291
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5acfebf877cf76001a6864e2
|
The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang.
|
What was Gushi Oirat the leader of?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What was Gushi Oirat the leader of?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
The 5th Dalai Lama is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from Güshi Khan, the Oirat leader of the Khoshut Khanate. With Güshi Khan as a largely uninvolved overlord, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the Lhasa state. This Tibetan regime or government is also referred to as the Ganden Phodrang.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
57310d75497a881900248b4b
|
In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process. Two years later, in 1993, high-brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated again by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation using a gallium nitride growth process similar to Dr. Moustakas's. Both Dr. Moustakas and Mr. Nakamura were issued separate patents, which confused the issue of who was the original inventor (partly because although Dr. Moustakas invented his first, Dr. Nakamura filed first).[citation needed] This new development revolutionized LED lighting, making high-power blue light sources practical, leading to the development of technologies like BlueRay, as well as allowing the bright high resolution screens of modern tablets and phones.[citation needed]
|
What is one modern gadget that benefits from high-power blue LED lighting?
| false
|
tablets
| 926
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
What is one modern gadget that benefits from high-power blue LED lighting?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process. Two years later, in 1993, high-brightness blue LEDs were demonstrated again by Shuji Nakamura of Nichia Corporation using a gallium nitride growth process similar to Dr. Moustakas's. Both Dr. Moustakas and Mr. Nakamura were issued separate patents, which confused the issue of who was the original inventor (partly because although Dr. Moustakas invented his first, Dr. Nakamura filed first).[citation needed] This new development revolutionized LED lighting, making high-power blue light sources practical, leading to the development of technologies like BlueRay, as well as allowing the bright high resolution screens of modern tablets and phones.[citation needed]
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
tablets
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
926
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
5a302d44f1f7c7001ab92ca5
|
A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.
|
Alla breve was originally used to tell the difference between what styles?
| true
|
I don't know
| -1
|
Given the following <QUESTION> and <CONTEXT>, read the <CONTEXT> and <QUESTION> carefully and given an <ANSWER> to the <QUESTION> along with <ANSWER_INDEX> from the <CONTEXT> which cites the <ANSWER>
<QUESTION>
Alla breve was originally used to tell the difference between what styles?
</QUESTION>
<CONTEXT>
A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.
</CONTEXT>
<ANSWER>
I don't know
</ANSWER>
<ANSWER_INDEX>
-1
</ANSWER_INDEX>
|
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