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enwiki-00000069-0003-0000 | "FF.SS." – Cioè: "...che mi hai portato a fare sopra a Posillipo se non mi vuoi più bene?" | Celebrity cameos | The film includes many Italian celebrities; apart the already said Arbore, De Crescenzo and Benigni, there are also appearances by Pippo Baudo, Isabella Biagini, Gianni Boncompagni, Dino Cassio, Alfredo Cerruti, Maurizio Costanzo, Riccardo Pazzaglia, Lory del Santo, Gerardo Gargiulo, Isaac George, Cesare Gigli, Renato Guttuso, Andy Luotto, Nando Martellini, Andrea Giordana, Sandra Milo, Severino Gazzelloni, Gianni Minà, Domenico Modugno, Gaetano Cristiano Rossi, Gianni Morandi, Nando Murolo, Stella Pende, Gigi Proietti, Teodoro Ricci, Bobby Solo, Massimo Troisi, Vasco Rossi, Luciana Turina, Claudio Villa, Isabel Russinova, Martufello, Mario Marenco, Sergio Japino and Gepy & Gepy |
enwiki-00000069-0004-0000 | "FF.SS." – Cioè: "...che mi hai portato a fare sopra a Posillipo se non mi vuoi più bene?" | Political allusions | During the movie there are references to the politics of the period in which the film is set. It includes allusions to Bettino Craxi, Giulio Andreotti and Ciriaco De Mita. Also De Mita is from Nusco, province of Avellino, the same town of the character Onliù Caporetto. |
enwiki-00000070-0000-0000 | "False positives" scandal | The "false positives" scandal (Escándalo de los falsos positivos in Spanish) was a series of murders in Colombia, part of the armed conflict in that country between the government and guerrilla forces of the FARC and the ELN. Members of the military had poor or mentally impaired civilians lured to remote parts of the country with offers of work, killed them, and presented them to authorities as guerrilleros killed in battle, in an effort to inflate body counts and receive promotions or other benefits. While Colombian investigative agencies find cases as early as 1988 the peak of the phenomenon took place between 2006 and 2009, during the presidency of Álvaro Uribe Vélez. |
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enwiki-00000070-0001-0000 | "False positives" scandal | As of June 2012, a total of 3,350 such cases had been investigated in all parts of the country and verdicts had been reached in 170 cases. Human rights groups have charged that the judicial cases progressed too slowly. A 2018 study claims a total of 10,000 "false positive" victims between 2002 and 2010. |
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enwiki-00000070-0002-0000 | "False positives" scandal | The name of the scandal refers to the technical term of "false positive" which describes a test falsely detecting a condition that is not present. |
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enwiki-00000070-0003-0000 | "False positives" scandal | 2008 Soacha case | As a precedent between August 7, 2002 and August 6, 2004, more than six thousand people were released from liberty, violating agreements and norms established within human rights. Many of the cases lacked due process. Thus, for this period there were arrests without substantiated evidence, mass arrests that ignored international law amid military operations and arrests used as a mechanism for political persecution. |
enwiki-00000070-0004-0000 | "False positives" scandal | 2008 Soacha case | The scandal broke in 2008, when 22 men from Soacha who had been recruited for work were found dead several hundred miles away. A recruiter later testified that he had received $500 from the Colombian military for each man he recruited and delivered to them. In June 2012, six members of the army were sentenced to long prison sentences in that case. |
enwiki-00000070-0005-0000 | "False positives" scandal | 2008 Soacha case | After the 2008 Soacha discoveries, defense minister Juan Manuel Santos denied knowledge of the scheme, fired 27 officers including three generals and changed the army's body count system. General Mario Montoya, commander of the Colombian Army, resigned on November 4, 2008. President Alvaro Uribe ordered the cases to be handled by civilian courts to ensure impartiality. |
enwiki-00000070-0006-0000 | "False positives" scandal | 2008 Soacha case | According to reports in 2009, both Defense Minister Santos and President Uribe have claimed that there were cases of false denunciations where legitimate killings were presented as "false positives" in order to stain the name of the military and undermine military morale. |
enwiki-00000070-0007-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Earlier cases | Accusations of similar cases had occurred much earlier. A recently declassified 1990 cable by U.S. Ambassador Thomas McNamara reported on a case involving nine men who were killed by the military, dressed in military fatigues and presented as guerrilleros. Similar extrajudicial executions have been reported throughout the 1990s. |
enwiki-00000070-0008-0000 | "False positives" scandal | UN investigation and report, 2009 | In June 2009, UN special rapporteur Philip Alston carried out an investigation of extrajudicial executions in Colombia. He reported: |
enwiki-00000070-0009-0000 | "False positives" scandal | UN investigation and report, 2009 | The victim is lured under false pretenses by a "recruiter" to a remote location. There, the individual is killed soon after arrival by members of the military. The scene is then manipulated to make it appear as if the individual was legitimately killed in combat. The victim is commonly photographed wearing a guerrilla uniform, and holding a gun or grenade. Victims are often buried anonymously in communal graves, and the killers are rewarded for the results they have achieved in the fight against the guerillas. [ ...] |
enwiki-00000070-0010-0000 | "False positives" scandal | UN investigation and report, 2009 | I interviewed witnesses and survivors who described very similar killings in the departments of Antioquia, Arauca, Valle del Cauca, Casanare, Cesar, Cordoba, Huila, Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Sucre, and Vichada. A significant number of military units were thus involved. [ ...] |
enwiki-00000070-0011-0000 | "False positives" scandal | UN investigation and report, 2009 | Evidence showing victims dressed in camouflage outfits which are neatly pressed, or wearing clean jungle boots which are four sizes too big for them, or lefthanders holding guns in their right hand, or men with a single shot through the back of their necks, further undermines the suggestion that these were guerillas killed in combat. [ ...] |
enwiki-00000070-0012-0000 | "False positives" scandal | UN investigation and report, 2009 | I have found no evidence to suggest that these killings were carried out as a matter of official Government policy, or that they were directed by, or carried out with the knowledge of, the President or successive Defence Ministers. On the other hand, the explanation favoured by many in Government – that the killings were carried out on a small scale by a few bad apples – is equally unsustainable. |
enwiki-00000070-0013-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Trials | In 2011, a colonel of the Colombian army received a sentence of 21 years in prison for his admitted involvement in the killing of two peasants who were then presented as guerrilleros. He also admitted that his unit had carried out 57 similar murders. He claimed that he learned of previous "false positive" killings when he first arrived at his unit, and was warned by Defence Minister Santos to obtain measurable results or lose his position. He later testified at other "false positive" trials. In 2013 a Colombian radio station played a tape on which the colonel is overheard extorting other army members with offers not to testify against them. |
enwiki-00000070-0014-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Recent developments | The International Federation for Human Rights produced a report on the scandal in May 2012, alleging over 3,000 civilian victims between 2002 and 2008. The group asked the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court prosecutor to open an investigation, as "those who bear the greatest responsibility for these crimes are not being investigated or prosecuted in Colombia." |
enwiki-00000070-0015-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Recent developments | Former defense minister Santos was elected President of Colombia in 2010; in 2012 he backed legislation that has been criticized by human rights groups because they fear it could potentially revert the "false positive" cases to military courts. |
enwiki-00000070-0016-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Recent developments | The text of a 2013 law which regulated and implemented the previous 2012 reform includes extrajudicial executions among a list of crimes which will continue to remain under civilian court jurisdiction and will not be submitted to military courts. Critics have expressed concern that the defense lawyers of military personnel accused in false positive cases may argue that their crimes are not extrajudicial executions (which were previously not defined as a crime in the Colombian penal code) but homicides, as a way to avoid the jurisdiction of civilian courts and request a transfer to military courts. |
enwiki-00000070-0016-0001 | "False positives" scandal | Recent developments | Legislators who supported the bill have argued that another paragraph in the law expressly states that cases of false positives currently in civilian justice cannot be transferred to the military justice system. According to the report of the working group on the arbitrary detention of the United Nations, arbitrary deprivation of liberty has been used in other countries as one of the most common practices to imprison political opponents, religious dissidents or to restrict the freedom of expression, it has been found that these imprisonments are also based on the fight against terrorism. |
enwiki-00000070-0017-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Human Rights Watch report of 2015 and consequences | In June 2015, Human Rights Watch presented a report on the scandal. At that point, about 800 people, mostly ordinary soldiers, had been convicted in related cases. The report criticized that the majority of cases had been handled by military courts, in contradiction to a Supreme Court ruling. Military judges had suppressed evidence and manipulated crime scenes. Whistleblowers were punished. |
enwiki-00000070-0018-0000 | "False positives" scandal | Human Rights Watch report of 2015 and consequences | According to the report, both commander of the armed forces General Juan Pablo Rodríguez and top army chief General Jaime Lasprilla had formerly headed units that committed extrajudicial killings. In July 2016, President Santos rejected the report's claims that high military commanders had escaped punishment for extrajudicial killings. At the same time, he dismissed General Jaime Alfonso Lasprilla, marine commander Admiral Hernando Wills, and air force commander General Guillermo León. |
enwiki-00000071-0000-0000 | "Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo | '"Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo (stylized as “FISH ALIVE”30min., 1 sequence by 6 songs SAKANAQUARIUM 2009@SAPPORO) is a live extended play by Japanese band Sakanaction. It was released on July 15, 2009 through Victor Entertainment and an exclusive digital download to iTunes. |
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enwiki-00000071-0001-0000 | "Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo | Background and production | In 2008, Sakanaction released their first live extended play, 'Night Fishing Is Good' Tour 2008 in Sapporo, on August 6, 2008. This release featured material taken from the band's tour for their second album Night Fishing, and was recorded on March 8, 2008, at Penny Lane 24 in Sapporo. This was quickly followed with Remixion, an extended play featuring remixes of songs, released digitally on October 5. |
enwiki-00000071-0002-0000 | "Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo | Background and production | In January 2009, the band released their third studio album Shin-shiro. To promote this, the band performed a national tour of Japan in February and March 2009, entitled Sakanaquarium 2009: Shinshiro. The 13 date tour began in Kyoto on February 14, and ended with two performances in Sapporo on March 20 and 21. Live audio from the tour final on March 21, 2009 at Penny Lane 24 in Sapporo was compiled into a thirty-minute single track to create the "Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo release. |
enwiki-00000071-0002-0001 | "Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo | Background and production | The songs featured were "Ame(B)", "Light Dance", "Inner World", "Sample", "Minnanouta" and "Night Fishing Is Good". "Ame(B)", "Light Dance" and "Minnanouta" were all taken from Shin-shiro, however "Inner World" was originally from the band's debut album Go to the Future (2007), and "Sample" and "Night Fishing Is Good" from their second album Night Fishing (2008). |
enwiki-00000071-0003-0000 | "Fish Alive" 30min., 1 Sequence by 6 Songs Sakanaquarium 2009 @ Sapporo | Release and reception | The extended play was released on July 15, 2009. On the same day, videos of the songs "Sen to Rei", "Native Dancer" and "Adventure" taken from the same concert were released as stand-alone digital downloads. These three songs were similarly compiled into a single track, lasting fourteen minutes. The release was commercially successful on iTunes, charting at number two on the overall Japan chart, after the band had performed at the Nano-Mugen Festival organised by Asian Kung-Fu Generation, held at the Yokohama Arena on July 20. |
enwiki-00000072-0000-0000 | "Five stars rise in the East" arm protector | The "Five stars rise in the East" arm protector (Chinese: 「五星出東方利中國」護膊) is an Eastern Han (25–220 AD) to Western Jin (265–316 AD) era brocade armband embroidered with the words "Five stars rise in the east, benefit China" (Chinese: 五星出東方利中國). Another cloth of the same pattern was found later and has the words "put down South Qiang" (討南羌). In 2002, they were designated one of the cultural relics that forbidden to be exhibited abroad. |
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enwiki-00000072-0001-0000 | "Five stars rise in the East" arm protector | Discovery | The pieces were unearthed in October 1995 at the Niya ruins in Xinjiang. It was found near the elbow/waist area of a corpse in a rich tomb. |
enwiki-00000072-0002-0000 | "Five stars rise in the East" arm protector | Interpretation | The phrase "Five stars rising in the east benefit China" (五星出東方利中國) resembles a similar phrase found in the Records of the Grand Historian's (五星分天之中，積於東方，中國利). In the ancient times the five stars were represented as Chenxing (辰星), Taibai (太白), Yinghuo (熒惑), Suixing (歲星) and Zhenxing (鎭星). In modern times these are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, respectively. These are also represented by "Five Elements" with water, metal, earth, fire, wood. Researchers from the Japanese observatory said the next alignment of the five stars to the east will not be until March 21, 2022. |
enwiki-00000072-0003-0000 | "Five stars rise in the East" arm protector | Interpretation | The phrase "put down South Qiang" (討南羌) refers to the area that was first mentioned in a sentence in the Western Han Essentials's (西漢會要) in relation to the four ancient commandery. The four are located in today's Gansu Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Wuwei, respectively. |
enwiki-00000072-0004-0000 | "Five stars rise in the East" arm protector | Interpretation | When the two pieces are combined, it forms the phrase "Five stars rising east benefit China put down South Qiang" (五星出東方利中國討南羌), though the meaning is up for debate. |
enwiki-00000073-0000-0000 | "For Faultless Service" medal | “For Faultless Service” medal – is a medal of Azerbaijani Republic. The medal was approved by Law of Azerbaijan Republic by Decree No. 330 – IIQ, on May 17, 2002. |
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enwiki-00000073-0001-0000 | "For Faultless Service" medal | Description | For Faultless Service medal consists of a narrow plate decorated with national ornaments and a round bronze plate of 25 mm diameter. Crossed rifles and an anchor are described against a background with an eagle with opened wings in the front side of the medal. There is a crescent and an eight-pointed star at the top and garlands of oak leaves at the bottom of the medal. |
enwiki-00000073-0002-0000 | "For Faultless Service" medal | Description | The 3rd class medal is silver color, the second class is gold color, the 1st class is gold color, the crescent and the eight-pointed star are white color, the rifles are silver color and the anchor is black color. Rare side of the medal is flat with “For 20 years faultless service” words on the 1st class medal, “For 15 years of faultless service” on the 2nd class medal, with “For 10 years of faultless service” on the 3rd class medal in the center and with a crescent and an eight-pointed star on a national ornament. “Azerbaijani Republic” words at the top and “Armed Forces” words at the bottom are carved along the circle. |
enwiki-00000073-0003-0000 | "For Faultless Service" medal | Description | The medal is pinned to the chest with a satin ribbon of 27x43 mm size and a ring and loop. There are vertical olive and white color stripes of 1 mm width and blue and white color vertical stripes of 3 mm located in a sequence from the corners to the center of the satin ribbon. There is one vertical 1 mm gold color stripe on the 1st class medal, 2-3 such stripes on the 2nd and 3rd class medals. A 27x9 mm mould covered with the same satin is attached to the medal for pinning to the chest. |
enwiki-00000074-0000-0000 | "Frantic" Fay Thomas | Fannie "Frantic Fay" Crawford Thomas (September 14, 1922 – July 5, 1978) was an American pianist and vocalist. She recorded for Exclusive Records in the 1949. |
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enwiki-00000074-0001-0000 | "Frantic" Fay Thomas | Life and career | Thomas was born Fannie Crawford in Memphis, Tennessee. As a teenager, her family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Her father Elijah Crawford and her brother Bayless Crawford were cooks. On March 12, 1940, she married George Thomas in Cleveland, Ohio. |
enwiki-00000074-0002-0000 | "Frantic" Fay Thomas | Life and career | Thomas began performing at Detroit's Four Horsemen Club in 1940. She was discovered by Earl Carroll, who gave her the stage name "Frantic Fay." Thomas was featured with Earl Carroll's Vanities in the spring of 1944 and played eight months at Harry's Show Bar in Detroit. She was managed by Delbridge & Gorrell. Thomas played piano by ear. Billboard magazine described her style as "individual, with a jive touch," adding that "she is at her very best in an interpretation of the deep blues." Through the 1940s, she had appearances at hotels and bars around the country. |
enwiki-00000074-0003-0000 | "Frantic" Fay Thomas | Life and career | In 1949, Thomas recorded four songs for Leon René's Exclusive Records in Los Angeles: "I'm In Town," "Waga-Waga," "I Don't Want Your Money, Honey," and "Lover Man." Her first single "Waga-Waga" / "I Don't Want Your Money, Honey," was released in June 1949. Reviewing the single, Billboard wrote: "New thrush-88er packs a dynamite live style with something of Rose Murphy and Nellie Lutcher and plenty of her own. Her piano work is of pro caliber, too. The record "I Don't Want Your Money, Honey" was Cash Box magazine's Race Disk O' The Week. |
enwiki-00000074-0003-0001 | "Frantic" Fay Thomas | Life and career | They noted that track was a "surefire clickeroo if ever there was one. Jut listen to this gal skim thru the 88's and gurgle, chuckle, giggle and sing, and make more sounds than you've heard in a month of Sundays." The single did well in local markets, but it did not chart nationally. Her second single, "I'm In Town" / "Lover Man," was released in September 1949. Later that year, Thomas had another session with Exclusive and recorded four more songs. The single "Thinking Of You" / "I Lost My Sugar In Salt Lake City" was released in December. That month, Exclusive declared bankruptcy and ceased operations in January 1950. Thomas never released another record. |
enwiki-00000074-0004-0000 | "Frantic" Fay Thomas | Life and career | In the 1950s, Thomas performed gigs around California. She married Lonnie I. Riggs in 1954. By the 1960s, Thomas had relocated back to Detroit; she performed around the Midwest. She died in Detroit on July 5, 1978. Years after her death, Thomas' songs were featured in the soundtracks of a few movies. "I'm In Town" was used in the films Men Of Honor (2000), Lonely Hearts (2006), and Trumbo (2015). One of her unreleased Exclusive tracks, "I Only Want You" was used in the films Lovelife (1997) and Second Skin (2000). |
enwiki-00000075-0000-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Ricky Donnell "Freeway Rick" Ross (born January 26, 1960) is an American author and convicted drug trafficker best known for the drug empire he established in Los Angeles, California, in the early to mid 1980s. He was sentenced to life in prison, though the sentence was shortened on appeal and Ross was released in 2009. |
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enwiki-00000075-0001-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Biography | Ross attended school at Susan Miller Dorsey High School in Los Angeles. He played for the tennis team but was unable to get a college scholarship because he was illiterate. |
enwiki-00000075-0002-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Biography | Ross has said that when he first saw crack cocaine as a teenager in 1979, he did not immediately believe it was a drug because it looked different from other drugs he had seen. |
enwiki-00000075-0003-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Biography | The nickname Freeway came from Ross owning properties along Los Angeles' Interstate 110, also known as the Harbor Freeway According to an October 2013 Esquire magazine article, "Between 1982 and 1989, federal prosecutors estimated, Ross bought and resold several metric tons of cocaine," with Ross' gross revenue claimed to be more than $900 million (equivalent to $2.7 billion in 2020) and profits of almost $300 million ($900 million in 2020). During the height of his drug dealing, Ross was said to have sold "$3 million in one day." According to the Oakland Tribune, "In the course of his rise, prosecutors estimate that Ross exported several tons of cocaine to New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and elsewhere, and made more than $500 million between 1983 and 1984." |
enwiki-00000075-0004-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Biography | In 1996, Ross was sentenced to life imprisonment under the three-strikes law after being convicted for purchasing more than 100 kilograms of cocaine from a federal agent in a sting operation. Later that year, a series of articles by journalist Gary Webb in the San Jose Mercury News revealed a connection between one of Ross's cocaine sources, Danilo Blandón, and the CIA as part of the Iran–Contra affair. Having learned to read at the age of 28, during his first stint in prison, Ross spent much of his time behind bars studying the law. |
enwiki-00000075-0004-0001 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Biography | He eventually discovered a legal loophole that would lead to his release. Ross's case was brought to a federal court of appeals which found that the three-strikes law had been erroneously applied and reduced his sentence to 20 years. He was released from Federal Correctional Institution, Texarkana on September 29, 2009. |
enwiki-00000075-0005-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Biography | Ross was arrested in October 2015 on suspicion of possessing cash related to the sales of illegal drugs when police discovered $100,000 in his possession during a traffic stop. Ross later alleged that he had been racially profiled and stated that he was carrying a large amount of cash for the purchase of a home. Charges were ultimately dropped, and Ross explained he had earned the cash from book sales and speaking fees. |
enwiki-00000075-0006-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Cocaine introduction | Ross began selling cocaine after his illiteracy prevented him from earning a tennis scholarship for college. He began spending time with an upholstery teacher at a Los Angeles community college who revealed he dealt cocaine and offered Ross a small amount to sell. Ross used his profit to purchase more cocaine to sell, expanding his small operation. Ross eventually began to ask for quantities to sell that exceeded what the teacher was willing to procure, so he turned to find a new dealer. |
enwiki-00000075-0007-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Cocaine introduction | The teacher referred Ross to his supplier, Ivan Arguellas, who offered to keep Ross supplied. Arguellas was able to provide larger quantities at a better price, and Ross quickly went from dealing in grams of cocaine to dealing in ounces. About eight months after becoming Ross's supplier, Arguellas was shot in the spine, resulting in months of hospitalization that forced him out of the cocaine business. His brother-in-law Henry Corrales took over the business, but was not enthusiastic about the trade and had failed to make any connections of his own to suppliers. |
enwiki-00000075-0008-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Cocaine introduction | A Nicaraguan exile and cocaine distributor named Danilo Blandón was acquainted with Arguellas and Corrales, and although he did not know him personally, was impressed with the amount of cocaine that Ross was moving. Blandón offered to supply cocaine to Corrales to sell to Ross, for a fifty-fifty split of the profit. Eventually, Corrales lost his appetite for the cocaine business and retired, at which point Ross became a direct customer of Blandón. |
enwiki-00000075-0009-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Cocaine introduction | Through his connection to Blandón, and Blandón's supplier Norwin Meneses Cantarero, Ross was able to purchase Nicaraguan cocaine at significantly reduced rates. Ross began distributing cocaine at $10,000 per kilo less than the average street price, distributing it to the Bloods and Crips street gangs. By 1982, Ross had received his moniker of "Freeway Ricky" and claimed to have sold up to US$3 million worth of cocaine per day, purchasing 1,000 pounds of cocaine a week. |
enwiki-00000075-0010-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Cocaine introduction | Ross initially invested most of his profits in houses and businesses, because he feared his mother would catch on to what he was doing if he started spending lavishly on himself. In a jailhouse interview with reporter Gary Webb, Ross said, "We were hiding our money from our mothers." He invested a portion of the proceeds from his drug dealing activities in Anita Baker's first album. |
enwiki-00000075-0011-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Drug empire | With thousands of employees, Ross has said he operated drug sales not only in Los Angeles but in places across the country including St. Louis, New Orleans, Texas, Kansas City, Oklahoma, Indiana, Cincinnati, North Carolina, South Carolina, Baltimore, Cleveland, and Seattle. He has said that his most lucrative sales came from the Ohio area. He made similar claims in a 1996 PBS interview. |
enwiki-00000075-0012-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Drug empire | Federal prosecutors estimated that between 1982 and 1989 Ross bought and resold several metric tons of cocaine. In 1980 dollars, his gross earnings were said to be in excess of $900 million – with a profit of nearly $300 million (gross income equivalent to $2.8 billion and profit equivalent to $940 million in 2020). As his distribution empire grew to include forty-two cities, the price he paid per kilo of powder cocaine dropped from as much as $60,000 to as low as $10,000." |
enwiki-00000075-0013-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Cocaine use and business, Drug empire | Much of Ross's success at evading law enforcement was due to his ring's possession of police scanners and voice scramblers. Following one drug bust, a Los Angeles County sheriff remarked that Ross's men had "better equipment than we have." |
enwiki-00000075-0014-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Lawsuit against rapper Rick Ross | On June 18, 2010, Ross sued rapper Rick Ross (real name William Leonard Roberts II) for using his name, filing a copyright infringement lawsuit against Ross in Los Angeles County Superior Court. Jay-Z had been called to testify in the lawsuit, as he was President of Def Jam when Ross was signed to the label. Ross sought $10 million in compensation in the lawsuit. |
enwiki-00000075-0015-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Lawsuit against rapper Rick Ross | After the lawsuit was dismissed on July 3, 2010, the album Teflon Don was released as scheduled on July 20, 2010. A federal judge ruled that the case should be refiled in California state court because it fell under California state law. Ross refiled the case with the State of California and the federal case is on appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The state case was filed in 2011 in California. |
enwiki-00000075-0016-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Lawsuit against rapper Rick Ross | Ross refiled in Los Angeles Superior Court with publicity rights claims. Trial was set for early May 2012. The case was dismissed by a judge in the Los Angeles Superior Court. |
enwiki-00000075-0017-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Lawsuit against rapper Rick Ross | The California State case was updated with a motion in Freeway Rick Ross's favor as to Warner Bros. Records and their use of the name and image Rick Ross in July 2012. |
enwiki-00000075-0018-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Lawsuit against rapper Rick Ross | A trial was set for August 27, 2013 in Freeway Rick Ross versus Rick Ross and Warner Music Group. |
enwiki-00000075-0019-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Lawsuit against rapper Rick Ross | On December 30, 2013, the court ruled in favor of the rapper Rick Ross, allowing him to keep the name based on a First Amendment ruling. |
enwiki-00000075-0020-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book | Journalist and author Cathy Scott co-wrote Ross's autobiography with him. The memoir, Freeway Rick Ross: The Untold Autobiography, was released at a book launch with author Scott at the Eso Won Bookstore in Los Angeles on June 17, 2014 to a standing-room only crowd. |
enwiki-00000075-0021-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book | KCET TV in its review wrote, "(The book) is fascinating for its unsentimental, inside look at his career on the streets of South Central, which started for Ross with car theft and quickly shifted to drugs and the big time." |
enwiki-00000075-0022-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book, Award | The memoir was nominated for ForeWord Review's IndiFab Best Book of the Year Award 2014 in the true crime category. In June 2015, winners were announced, with the book named as a Foreword Reviews' 2014 INDIEFAB Book of the Year Award Finalist, True Crime. |
enwiki-00000075-0023-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book, Award | Ross was a key figure in filmmaker Kevin Booth's documentary American Drug War: The Last White Hope. The second episode of the first season of BET's American Gangster documentary series was focused on the story of Ricky Ross and his connection to the Iran–Contra scandal. |
enwiki-00000075-0024-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book, Award | Ross was a guest interview on VH1's Planet Rock History of Crack and Hip Hop Documentary. |
enwiki-00000075-0025-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book, Award | Ross is featured in the 2015 two-part documentary Freeway: Crack in the System, which details various levels of the drug trade, the Iran–Contra scandal, and mass incarceration. In 2016, the documentary was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Investigative Journalism: Long Form. |
enwiki-00000075-0026-0000 | "Freeway" Rick Ross | Book, Award | In the 2014 film Kill the Messenger, Ross is portrayed by Michael K. Williams. In 2017 FX TV series Snowfall character Franklin Saint was based on Ross. |
enwiki-00000076-0000-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | "G" Is for Gumshoe (1990) is the seventh novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet" series of mystery novels and features Kinsey Millhone, a private eye based in Santa Teresa, California. |
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enwiki-00000076-0001-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | In "G" Is for Gumshoe, Kinsey Millhone meets fellow investigator Robert Dietz when someone hires a hit man to kill her. While Kinsey is being stalked, she uncovers an unsolved murder that haunts the lives of her client Mrs. Irene Gersh and Irene's "mother" who uses the alias "Agnes Grey" (the title of an Anne Brontë novel). In other developments in Kinsey's personal story, she loses her VW car, and her friend Vera Lipton becomes engaged. |
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enwiki-00000076-0002-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | Three things happen to Kinsey Millhone on her thirty-third birthday: she moves into her remodeled apartment, which has finally been finished; she is hired by Irene Gersh, a sickly Santa Teresa resident, to head out to the Slabs in the Mojave Desert and locate her mother; and she gets the news that Tyrone Patty, a particularly dangerous criminal she helped the Carson City Police Department track down a few years back, has hired a hit-man to kill her. |
enwiki-00000076-0003-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | After her first night in her new place, Kinsey heads out early the next day in search of Mrs Gersh's mother, Agnes Grey, who lives in a trailer in the desert. Agnes isn't home, and the trailer seems to be occupied by two teenage runaways; but Kinsey eventually tracks Agnes down at a local convalescent hospital, where she has been since being taken suddenly ill on a trip to a local town sometime before. |
enwiki-00000076-0003-0001 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | Agnes, 83 years old, has not been a model patient; and the hospital staff are delighted to hear that she has relatives who can take responsibility for her. Irene makes plans to transfer Agnes to a facility in Santa Teresa. But Agnes seems terrified of going there and tells Kinsey a confused story about a number of people from the past, including Lottie and Emily, who died. |
enwiki-00000076-0004-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | Kinsey makes plans to come home, but before she can do so, a man in a pick-up truck deliberately runs her off the road, seriously injuring Kinsey and totaling her treasured VW automobile. Kinsey recognizes the driver as a man traveling with his young son she has seen a couple of times on the journey to the Slabs, and realizes she needs to take the death threat against her seriously. She hires Robert Dietz, the PI who helped her briefly on an earlier case, as a bodyguard. |
enwiki-00000076-0004-0001 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | His vigilance initially frustrates Kinsey, who is used to making her own decisions; but they soon begin an affair. Dietz discovers the hitman is Mark Messinger, who absconded with his son, Eric, eight months previously. He arranges a meeting with the child's mother, Rochelle, who is desperate to get her son back, and offers to help her. |
enwiki-00000076-0005-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | Meanwhile, Agnes goes missing only a few hours after getting to Santa Teresa. She is soon found, yet she dies of fright within a day. Kinsey and Robert Dietz suspect she was kept prisoner somewhere before her death. Irene suffers a serious panic reaction when she sees a tea set Kinsey found among her mother's possessions, and Kinsey suspects this has triggered a buried childhood memory. Further anomalies occur when Irene tries to fill in the paperwork relating to the death: Kinsey realizes that Irene's birth certificate is faked and that Agnes Grey is a pseudonym. |
enwiki-00000076-0005-0001 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | It's Kinsey's CFI colleague Darcy who points out Agnes Grey is the name of a novel by Anne Brontë, which seems to link to the names Emily and Lottie (Charlotte) Agnes had mentioned. Kinsey tracks down a family called Bronfen, who match the circumstances Agnes described, and surmises that the surviving brother of the family, Patrick, murdered Lottie and Emily. She is convinced that when Patrick killed Irene's mother, Sheila, Agnes Grey was Anne Bronfen, a third sister, who took off with Irene to protect her, changing their identities and posing as the young Irene's mother. The three daughters were presumably named for the Brontë sisters, which explains the alias Anne chose to use. Patrick faked Anne's death in order to gain sole possession of the family property. |
enwiki-00000076-0006-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | Kinsey is convinced that Patrick is responsible for Agnes's death, to cover his past crimes, and discovers evidence of further killings at his home. When she confronts Patrick, she is interrupted by Messinger, who kills Patrick. Dietz and Rochelle have managed to get Eric away from Messinger, and Messinger's stated intention is to use Kinsey as a hostage to exchange for Eric. As she drives Messinger to the airport at gunpoint to intercept Rochelle, Kinsey is convinced Messinger will kill them all; and he succeeds in killing Rochelle's twin Roy, who was attempting to help her escape with Eric. However, Rochelle outsmarts Messinger and kills him first. |
enwiki-00000076-0007-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Plot summary | In the epilogue, the third contract killer hired by Tyrone Patty is apprehended; and Patty himself dies as a consequence of a jail altercation. Dietz leaves to pursue his plan of providing anti-terrorism training on military bases. |
enwiki-00000076-0008-0000 | "G" Is for Gumshoe | Reception | "G" Is for Gumshoe was honored with both the Private Eye Writers of America's Shamus Award for best novel and Bouchercon's 1991 Anthony Award for Best Novel. The reviewer for the School Library Journal considered the book oriented towards adults and suitable for young adults as well and wrote that "this light mystery maintains interest to the end". |
enwiki-00000077-0000-0000 | "GDD CUP" International Challenger Guangzhou | The "GDD CUP" International Challenger Guangzhou (formerly known as ATP Challenger Guangzhou and China International Guangzhou) has been a tennis tournament held in Guangzhou, China. The event was held in 2008 as part of the ATP Challenger Series and in 2011 ATP Challenger Tour. It is played on hard courts. |
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enwiki-00000078-0000-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | Joseph "Galway Joe" Dolan (25 May 1942 – 7 January 2008) was an Irish musician, songwriter and artist. Known as "Galway Joe" to distinguish him from Joe Dolan of Mullingar, he was born in Galway, County Galway, Ireland. |
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enwiki-00000078-0001-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | Dolan was an arts student in Dublin before becoming involved in the Irish showbands of the 1960s, playing guitar with The Capitol Showband and The Swingtime Aces. |
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enwiki-00000078-0002-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | He is best known as one of the three founding members, together with Andy Irvine and Johnny Moynihan, of the highly influential folk group Sweeney's Men, which was formed in Galway in May 1966; Dolan also chose the group's name. Sweeney's Men invigorated the Irish folk scene, and had an unexpected Irish top 10 hit with "Old Maid in the Garret" in 1967. |
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enwiki-00000078-0003-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | The week "Old Maid in the Garret" was in the Top Ten, Dolan left the band to go to Israel with the intention of taking part in the Six-Day War. Later on, Des Kelly—Sweeney's Men's manager—joked that Dolan had arrived on the seventh day, "but it took him a year to get down there". He wrote the song "The Trip to Jerusalem" about his journey there, which was later recorded by Christy Moore in 1978 on the album The Iron Behind the Velvet. |
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enwiki-00000078-0004-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | In that album's sleeve notes, Moore quoted Dolan's explanation of the genesis of the song: |
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enwiki-00000078-0005-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | His song "The Foxy Devil" was also recorded by Moore on the same album. The Dubliners covered "Nelson's Farewell", which was a hit in Ireland, and the trio Ardvarna released a beautiful version of "Mayfly Days". |
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enwiki-00000078-0006-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | Dolan subsequently dropped professional music in favour of painting, but continued to compose and would pass on tapes to anyone who was interested. He continued to play in local sessions. |
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enwiki-00000078-0007-0000 | "Galway Joe" Dolan | Death | Dolan died of cancer in January 2008, survived by his son Andy, sister Chris, brother-in-law Vim, and nieces Eileen and Jessica. His autobiography, Lost Miles and Broken Strings, has not yet been published. |
enwiki-00000079-0000-0000 | "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration | The "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration (Albanian: Dekorata "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu") is a high honorary state decoration that is currently awarded to Albanian and foreign citizens in Albania, that have made an important contribution to the defence, reinforcement and development of the Republic of Albania. |
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enwiki-00000079-0001-0000 | "Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu" Decoration | The name refers to Skanderbeg, who is the national hero of the Albanian people. The Decoration is granted by the President of Albania. It should not be confused with the royal Order of Skanderbeg, which is a dynastic order bestowed by the Albanian royal family. |
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enwiki-00000080-0000-0000 | "Glozel est Authentique!" | "Glozel est Authentique!" is a 1984 role-playing game adventure for Call of Cthulhu, written by E. S. Erkes and C. Rawling, and published by Theatre of the Mind Enterprises (TOME). |
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enwiki-00000080-0001-0000 | "Glozel est Authentique!" | Contents | "Glozel est Authentique!" features two scenarios: the title scenario sends investigators to the site of an archeological dig in France to determine its authenticity, and "Secrets of the Kremlin" sends characters to the heart of Stalin's Moscow. |
enwiki-00000080-0002-0000 | "Glozel est Authentique!" | Reception | Stephen Kyle reviewed Glozel est Authentique! for White Dwarf #59, giving it an overall rating of 5 out of 10, and stated that "some of TOME's previous CoC adventure packs have been notable for their poor layout, terrible artwork and hordes of stereotypical Germans. Well, just for a change, this one has terrible layout, quite good artwork and hordes of stereotypical French and Russians." |
enwiki-00000080-0003-0000 | "Glozel est Authentique!" | Reception | William A. Barton reviewed "Glozel est Authentique!" in Space Gamer No. 71. Barton commented that "Overall, "Glozel est Authentique!" is probably TOME's best CoC adventure pack to date. If you've liked TOME's past releases, you'll love this one; even if you haven't cared for past adventures, this is one you should take a look at - as a French/Russian sourcebook for CoC play, if nothing else." |
enwiki-00000081-0000-0000 | "Go Home" vans | The "Go Home" vans were part of a controversial 2013 advertising campaign by the British Home Office in which advertising vans with slogans recommending that illegal immigrants should "go home or face arrest" were sent to tour areas with high immigrant populations. The hypothesis of the operation was that people who did not have leave to remain would voluntarily depart if "a near and present" danger, such as being arrested, was made apparent. |
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enwiki-00000081-0000-0001 | "Go Home" vans | The pilot programme, which had the internal codename 'Operation Vaken', ran in the six London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Brent, Ealing, Hounslow, and Redbridge from 22 July to 22 August 2013, and was part of the Home Office hostile environment policy. In October 2013, the evaluation report stated that 60 voluntary departures were believed to be directly related to 'Operation Vaken' and 65 more cases were "currently being progressed to departure." |
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enwiki-00000081-0001-0000 | "Go Home" vans | The campaign was cancelled after a public outcry against it. |