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"Q:\n\nAngular http request time in interceptor\n\nI'm making an interceptor to log my http requests. ",
"\nSo far, so good, everything is working as expected. ",
"\nWhat I want now is to get the time the request took to be executed. ",
"\nI thought I could do something like this \nconst start = Date.now();\nreturn next\n .handle(req)\n .map(res => {\n console.log('took ' + (Date.now() - start) + 'ms');\n return res;\n })\n\n}\nBut the console shows 1 to 2ms, while the network shows more than 50ms ... I think that I should create the start value right when I create the request, but I don't know how.",
"\nAny solution ? ",
"\nPS : my linting config forbids me to use console.time()\n\nA:\n\nuse performance.now() to measure time duration in milliseconds\nvar start = performance.now(); \n\nreturn next\n .handle(req)\n .map(res => {\n console.log('took ' + (performance.now() - start) + 'ms');\n return res;\n })\n\nFor futher info check this\n\n"
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"Anti-tumor virus activity of copper-binding drugs.",
"\nSeveral, structurally different, copper-binding ligands can inhibit the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and can inactivate the ability of the virus to malignantly transform chick embryo cells. ",
"These ligands include the anti-microbial agents, thiosemicarbazones, 8-hydroxyquinolines, isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and others. ",
"Many of these compounds bind to DNA and RNA in the presence of copper, which may play a role in their anti-viral activity. ",
"However, not all agents active against RSV bind to nucleic acids and not all ligands that bind to nucleic acids are active against RSV. ",
"Some copper-binding ligands are neither active against RSV, nor bind nucleic acids. ",
"It appears that there is no simple relationship between the anti-viral activity of copper-binding ligands and their nucleic acid-binding ability. ",
"The biological importance of thiosemicarbazone-copper complex binding to nucleic acids is supported by the observation that treatment of intact RSV virions with the complex causes the genome 70S RNA to sediment abnormally in velocity sucrose gradient analysis."
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"Q:\n\nsoftlayer SDK SoftLayer_Exception_Public: Access Denied\n\nUsing examples in Go SDK with Username and apikey returned \n\n{\"error\":\"Access Denied. \",\"",
"code\":\"SoftLayer_Exception_Public\"}\n\npackage main\n\nimport (\n \"fmt\"\n\n \"github.com/softlayer/softlayer-go/services\"\n \"github.com/softlayer/softlayer-go/session\"\n \"github.com/softlayer/softlayer-go/sl\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n userName := \"xxxx\"\n apikey := \"xxxx\"\n sess := session.",
"New(userName, apikey)\n sess.",
"Debug = true\n doListAccountVMsTest(sess)\n}\n\nfunc doListAccountVMsTest(sess *session.",
"Session) {\n service := services.",
"GetAccountService(sess)\n\n vms, err := service.",
"Mask(\"id;hostname;domain\").Limit(10).GetVirtualGuests()\n if err !",
"= nil {\n fmt.",
"Printf(\"Error retrieving Virtual Guests from Account: %s\\n\", err)\n return\n } else {\n fmt.",
"Println(\"VMs under Account:\")\n }\n\n for _, vm := range vms {\n fmt.",
"Printf(\"\\t[%d]%s.%s\\n\", *vm.",
"Id, *vm.",
"Hostname, *vm.",
"Domain)\n }\n}\n\nfunc handleError(err error) {\n apiErr := err.(sl.",
"Error)\n fmt.",
"Printf(\n \"Exception: %s\\nMessage: %s\\nHTTP Status Code: %d\\n\",\n apiErr.",
"Exception,\n apiErr.",
"Message,\n apiErr.",
"StatusCode)\n}\n\nA:\n\nI didn't have issues when running your code, I recommend to check the username and apikey you are sending. ",
"See the API Access Information section in your profile https://control.softlayer.com/account/user/profile \n\n"
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"Q:\n\nHow can I put a matrix in a figure caption?",
"\n\nI would like to put a matrix in a figure caption. ",
"The following example demonstrates the idea:\n\\documentclass{amsart}\n\\usepackage{graphics, epsfig, psfrag} \n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\begin{figure}\n\\begin{picture}(0,0)(-72,-75)\n\\put(12,-68){\\small$\\alpha_2$}\n\\put(-15,-71){\\small$\\alpha_1$}\n\\put(-50,-60){\\small$-\\alpha_1$}\n\\put(-47,-44){\\small$2\\alpha_1+\\alpha_2$}\n\\put(-60,-10){\\small$-2\\alpha_1-\\alpha_2$}\n\\end{picture}\n\\caption{Some roots, associated to the Cartan matrix $\\left(\\begin{smallmatrix}2&-2\\\\-1&2\\end{smallmatrix}\\right)$.}\n\\end{figure}\n\n\\end{document}\n\nTrying to compile this produces \nArgument of \\@caption has an extra }\n\nI assume this means I shouldn't use the \\} character in captions. ",
"But how can I make a matrix without one?",
"\nThe actual figure is much more complicated and invokes the named packages as well as the picture environment, which is why I included them; the image here has no mathematical meaning.",
"\n\nA:\n\nBoxing the smallmatrix first also solves the problem. ",
"For this, you have to define a box using \\newsavebox{<box>} and store the contents using \\savebox{<box>}{<stuff>}:\n\\newsavebox{\\smlmat}% Box to store smallmatrix content\n\\savebox{\\smlmat}{$\\left(\\begin{smallmatrix}2&-2\\\\-1&2\\end{smallmatrix}\\right)$}\n\nHere is a complete minimal example:\n\n\\documentclass{amsart}\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\newsavebox{\\smlmat}% Box to store smallmatrix content\n\\savebox{\\smlmat}{$\\left(\\begin{smallmatrix}2&-2\\\\-1&2\\end{smallmatrix}\\right)$}\n\n\\begin{figure}\n\\begin{picture}(0,0)(-72,-75)\n\\put(12,-68){\\small$\\alpha_2$}\n\\put(-15,-71){\\small$\\alpha_1$}\n\\put(-50,-60){\\small$-\\alpha_1$}\n\\put(-47,-44){\\small$2\\alpha_1+\\alpha_2$}\n\\put(-60,-10){\\small$-2\\alpha_1-\\alpha_2$}\n\\end{picture}\n\\caption{Some roots, associated to the Cartan matrix~\\usebox{\\smlmat}.}",
"\n\\end{figure}\n\n\\end{document}\n\nA:\n\nYou can use the optional argument of \\caption:\n\\caption[Roots associated to the Cartan matrix]{Some roots, associated to the Cartan matrix $\\left(\\begin{smallmatrix}2&-2\\\\-1&2\\end{smallmatrix}\\right)$.}\n\nAfter all, the matrix wouldn't look good in a list of figures.",
"\nAnother way of avoiding the error is to load the caption package an using the singlelinechek=off option; this approach, however, will fail if a List of Figures needs to be produced:\n\\documentclass{amsart}\n\\usepackage{graphics, epsfig, psfrag} \n\\usepackage{caption}\n\n\\begin{document}\n\n\\begin{figure}\n\\captionsetup{singlelinecheck=off}\n\\begin{picture}(0,0)(-72,-75)\n\\put(12,-68){\\small$\\alpha_2$}\n\\put(-15,-71){\\small$\\alpha_1$}\n\\put(-50,-60){\\small$-\\alpha_1$}\n\\put(-47,-44){\\small$2\\alpha_1+\\alpha_2$}\n\\put(-60,-10){\\small$-2\\alpha_1-\\alpha_2$}\n\\end{picture}\n\\caption{Some roots, associated to the Cartan matrix $\\left(\\protect\\begin{smallmatrix}2&-2\\\\-1&2\\protect\\end{smallmatrix}\\right)$.}\n\\end{figure}\n\n\\end{document}\n\n"
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"Links to Other Pictographic Writing Systems\n\nIndividual Systems\n\nThere are two kinds of visual languages: those in which the word for monkey\nis a picture of a monkey, and those where it isn't. ",
"White-o-glyphics, Signology\nand Phonetic Picture Writing fall into the first category. ",
"Blissymbolics and\nEarth Language fall into the second category.",
"\n\nThe first category starts with recognizable illustrations of tangible\nobjects and expands into abstractions by using metaphors. ",
"The second category\nbegins with abstract concepts and combines these raw elements into words.",
"\n\nThe distinction is not absolute. ",
"Most visual languages use bits of both\ncategories.",
"\n\nIf they want war then that is what they shall have.",
"\n\nBlissymbolics: Probably the most fully\ndeveloped and widespread visual conlang. ",
"The gimmick of Bliss is that it\nreduces all images to a few simple shapes based entirely on straight lines\n(horizontal, vertical and diagonal only), dots, circles (and semicircles),\nsquiggles and a tiny handful of special shapes (valentines, question marks).",
"\nBasic images are then combined into more complex concepts, utilizing reoccuring\npatterns.",
"\n\nFor example, at left war is constructed from the battle\nsymbol between two country symbols, each of which is constructed from\nthe symbol for flag planted in the symbol for earth. ",
"The symbol\nfor if and then are similar, but the question mark has shifted.",
"\nWant is feeling+fire.",
"\n\nIf you poke through their\nanimal vocabulary,\nyou'll see that dog is an animal symbol with an upraised tail,\nwhile wolf is wild+dog, and fox is small+wolf.",
"\nLizard is snake+animal;\ncrocodile is tooth+water+lizard.",
"\n\nEarth Language\nby Yoshiko F. McFarland. ",
"Each glyph is a composite of elements that carry parts\nof the meaning. ",
"For example, in the haiku to the left, notice that the first\nand last words, pond and rain, both contain the same graphic of\na droplet, meaning water.",
"\n\nElephant's\nMemory: by Timothy Ingen Housz. \"",
"A\npictorial\nlanguage consisting of more than a hundred and a fifty combinable graphic\nelements (pictograms and ideograms). ",
"The system presents a playful learning\nenvironment oriented primarily towards children, and provides an explorational\ntool enabling new approaches to the concept of language.\"",
"\n\nA man went to a city.",
"\n\nIconText by Colin Beardon. \"",
"A visual language\nwhich allows authoring of complex messages through use of relations. ",
"``It allows\na message to be read in two distinct ways - as a static hypertextual message\nthat can be explored at leisure, or as an animation that will reveal the message\nas a sequence over time.\"",
"\n\nMinspeak by Bruce Baker (1980) \"A\npictorial language system which can be learnt by children as young as two and\ndoes not require literacy. ",
"It offers tremendous advantages in accessing core\nvocabulary (those few hundred words that make up 85% of what we say).\"",
"\n\nThe sun is low over smooth water, a sailing-ship is near a palm island.",
"\n\nPhonetic Picture-Writing by Leonhard Heinzmann. \"",
"Picture-writing\nalso can be read phonetically, for its ideograms (picture symbols) are composed\nof special letters.\"",
"\n\nMUSLI:\n\"Makes use of a broad range of media like computer graphics (2D and 3D),\naudio clips, speech, photographs, and animations. ",
"Because of their dynamic\nnature MUSLI documents are often referred to as movies. ",
"Users have the ability\nto stop the movie anytime, display additional information, start, rewind, fast\nforward, review, and resume at will.\"",
"\n\ndon't read sad books in bed.",
"\n\nInterscript:\nby Edwin Michael Wheeler. \"",
"Interscript is a purely visual communication\nsystem based on symbols and independent of any particular language. ",
"It covers\nthe most frequent concepts in general use and combines the principles of\nhieroglyphs with conventions established in modern Highway, Safety and Tourist\nCodes.\"",
"\n\nIn those days, I ate in the restaurant.",
"\n\nSignology:\nby Juan Garay. \"",
"Signology is the art of writing with pictures. ",
"If\npictures were suitable only to represent concrete things their scope would be\nvery limited. ",
"But this is not the case. ",
"Pictures can be used to represent verbs\nand abstract concepts and therefore a whole language can be built on pictures.\"",
"\n\nThis is probably the most natural visual conlang on the Web. ",
"If an\nilliterate English-speaking community tried to cobble together a complete\ngraphic system of writing from scratch, this is probably what they'd come up\nwith -- an easy hand-drawn illustration of every word.",
"\n\nUniversal\nPicture Language by Wally Flint. \"",
"A language of pictures\nhaving expressive power nearly equal to that of natural languages. ",
"The main\npurpose of UPL is to generate new ideas for improving other picture languages\nthat are currently used to help people who have certain kinds of language\ndisabilities.\"",
"\n\nIt is not tied directly to a natural spoken language. ",
"Instead of strictly\ntranslating the English sentence as [definite] [chicken] [became] [more] [big],\nUPL creates two related statements: \"An object went from small to large\"\nand \"That object is a chicken.\"",
"\n\npeaches\n\ninsect\n\nperson\n\nYingzi:\nby Mark Rosenfelder. \"",
"If English was written like Chinese.\" ",
"Not\nreally a viable language; it's more of an alternate history that teaches the\nbasic concepts of written Chinese."
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"Q:\n\nCan I go to USA with a Canadian Passport even though I am from another country?",
"\n\nI am from a country that requires to get a valid visa to enter USA. ",
"I also have a Canadian passport. ",
"Am I still required to have visa to enter USA? ",
"I have no criminal record and I'm just going there to visit a friend.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou are a dual citizen of Canada and another country and you wish to enter the USA on your Canadian passport.",
"\nYou are free to do so. ",
"Trumps Executive Order barring citizens of certain countries (including dual citizens) from entering the USA is not longer in effect.",
"\nhttp://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canadian-affected-trump-travel-ban-refugees-immigrants-1.3957059\n\nCanadian dual citizens can travel freely to the U.S. despite Trump\n travel ban. ",
"Furthermore, NSA Flynn confirmed that holders of Canadian passports, including dual citizens, will not be affected by the ban. ",
"Trudeau stated that the government has been assured that Canadian citizens traveling on Canadian passport will be dealt with in the usual process. ",
"He further said that they will continue to share on this and other channels.",
"\n\nA:\n\nAs a Canadian citizen, in most situations you do not need a visa to enter the United States. ",
"The rules around Canadian citizens visiting the US are relatively relaxed (just don't try to work!). ",
"You need not mention your other citizenship(s), or bring any passport other than your Canadian one.",
"\n\n"
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"[print issn: 0305-1048]{.smallcaps}\n\n[online issn: 1362-4962]{.smallcaps}\n\n[www.nar.oxfordjournals.org](www.nar.oxfordjournals.org)\n\n![](",
"gkp567i1.jpg)\n\nNow Open Access\n===============\n\nNo barriers to access -- all articles freely available online\n\n![](",
"gkp567i2.jpg)\n"
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"Giovanni is my favorite of the gym leaders, honestly. ",
"For being the crime boss of a simple villain organization, he himself has a bit of a compact charm to him."
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"[Pathological study of pulmonary carcinomas with spindle and/or giant cells].",
"\nTo study the pathologic features of pulmonary carcinomas with spindle and/or giant cells. ",
"Twenty cases of pulmonary carcinomas with spindle and/or giant cells were studied by using lightmicroscopy and immunohistochemical staining. ",
"Of 20 cases, 15 cases were pleomorphic carcinoma (10 cases with adenocarcinoma, 3 cases with large cell carcinoma, 1 case with squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case with giant cell carcinoma) , 4 cases were spindle cell carcinoma, and 1 case was giant cell carcinoma. ",
"Immunohistochemical results showed AE1/AE3 was positive in the spindle and/or giant cell component of 19 cases, Vimentin was positive in the spindle and/or giant cell component of 20 cases, P53 was positive in 10 cases and thyoid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) was negtive in all cases. ",
"Pulmonary carcinomas with spindle and/or giant cells is definded as a group of poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma that contains a component of spindle and/or giant cells. ",
"The diagnosis is based on histopathology and immunohistochemical staining of AE1/AE3 and Vimentin."
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"Q:\n\nRe-sizing Raster file pixels\n\nI have 2 JP2 aerial imagery files that are incorrectly sized. ",
"They are 100x larger than the other aerial images but correctly geo-referenced (starting x, y co-ordinates).",
"\nI believe the issue is their defined pixel size ( 12.5, -12.5 ) as the other aerial imagery files have pixel sizes of: ( 0.125, -0.125 ). ",
"\nI have opened the JP2 files up in notepad and changed these parameters but it corrupts the file or saves it as text. ",
"Dos anyone know what Raster tools in QGIS I can use to remedy this or any other techniques?",
"\nThanks for your time. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nInstall the georeferencer plugin and set the appropriate transformation to scale your two images: http://www.qgis.org/en/docs/user_manual/plugins/plugins_georeferencer.html\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nWhy does $\\int_1^\\infty\\frac{\\sin^2(x)}{x}\\mathrm d x$ diverge?",
"\n\nWhy does $\\displaystyle\\int_1^\\infty\\dfrac{\\sin^2(x)}{x}$ diverge ?",
"\n\nWhy does Dirichlet-Test not work ?",
"\nDefine $f(x)=g(x)=\\dfrac{\\sin(x)}{x^{1/2}}$, Then $\\forall b>1$ and $a>0;$\n$$\\Big\\lvert\\displaystyle\\int_1^b\\dfrac{\\sin(x)}{x^{a}}\\Big\\rvert<+\\infty$$\nalso for $a=1/2$\nand since $\\lim\\limits_{x\\to\\infty}\\dfrac{\\sin(x)}{x^{1/2}}=0$\nThe integral should be convergent, did I overlook something ?",
"\nbut with the same method of Dirichlet, one can show the divergence\n$\\displaystyle\\int\\dfrac{\\sin^2(x)}{x}=\\displaystyle\\int\\dfrac{1-\\cos(2x)}{x}=\\underbrace{\\displaystyle\\int\\dfrac{1}{x}}_{divergent}-\\underbrace{\\displaystyle\\int\\dfrac{\\cos(2x)}{x}}_{convergent}$\n\nA:\n\nFor example because, for every $n\\geqslant1$,\n$$\n\\int_{n\\pi+\\pi/4}^{n\\pi+3\\pi/4}\\frac{\\sin^2x}x\\mathrm dx\\geqslant\\int_{n\\pi+\\pi/4}^{n\\pi+3\\pi/4}\\frac{\\frac12}{(n+1)\\pi}\\mathrm dx=\\frac1{4(n+1)}$$\n\n"
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"Antimicrobial susceptibility of uncommonly isolated non-enteric Gram-negative bacilli.",
"\nThe frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 3059 non-enteric Gram-negative bacilli (NGB), other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., ",
"consecutively collected as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2003) were reviewed. ",
"During this period, a total of 221,084 bacterial isolates were collected from several clinical specimens worldwide, including 25,305 (11.5%) NGB. ",
"Acinetobacter spp. ",
"and P. aeruginosa accounted for 82.7% of the NGB isolates and have been excluded from this analysis. ",
"The antimicrobial susceptibility results of 3509 strains from 13 species/genera have been analysed in this review. ",
"The isolates were tested by reference broth microdilution methods in three central laboratories using common reagents and procedures. ",
"More than 30 antimicrobial agents were tested and the results for the 18 most active compounds are reported here. ",
"Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2076 strains; 59.2%) was the most frequently isolated pathogen in this group, followed by Aeromonas spp. (",
"385 strain; 11.0%), Burkholderia cepacia (269 strains; 7.7%), Pseudomonas fluorescens/putida (253 strains; 7.2%) and Alcaligenes spp. (",
"236 strains; 6.7%). ",
"All other species/genera accounted for less than 3% of the isolates analysed. ",
"The antimicrobial agents with the most consistent activity against the NGB evaluated in the present study were the newer fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin and levofloxacin with 84.1 and 84.9% susceptibility overall. ",
"Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole was active against 85.3% of the isolates tested, but showed reduced activity against P. fluorescens/putida (22.1% susceptibility). ",
"Antimicrobial susceptibility varied significantly between species/genera and the geographical regions evaluated. ",
"Thus, proper identification and quantitative susceptibility testing will be required for the treatment of NGB infections. ",
"Extensive worldwide surveillance programmes remain extremely important to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy for rarely isolated pathogens and also for pathogens that are not routinely tested due to the lack of standardised susceptibility testing methods."
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"Q:\n\nWPF Combobox should only open on arrow\n\nIs there a chance to change the wpf combobox that it only opens when I click on the arrow on the left side?",
"\nUsually you can click anywhere to open it. ",
"I dont want that.",
"\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nUsually you can click anywhere to open it. ",
"I dont want that.",
"\n\nThen you should create a custom template for the ToggleButton. ",
"Yan right-click on the a ComboBox element in design mode in Visual Studio or in Blend and choose Edit Template->Edit a copy. ",
"\nThis will copy the default template into your XAML markup and you can then edit it as per your requirements. ",
"Look for a Style with an x:Key of \"ComboBoxToggleButton\" and modify the ControlTemplate of this one.",
"\n\n"
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"The Single Best Strategy To Use For Mobile Website Design\n\nMenu\n\nThe Single Best Strategy To Use For Mobile Website Design\n\nAbout Mobile Website Design\n\nHaving said that, we’ve created a few guides and recorded a movie that describes how to produce a WordPress website applying Bluehost from get started to complete. ",
"In the event you abide by amongst our guides and use the exact same theme, you'll want to get most of the function completed in below an hour or so.",
"\n\nThere are two types of content material (textual content, images/graphics) that we'll will need to complete your website design optimally. ",
"You'll be able to possibly Obtain All of this material for us to save cash or have us create the content so that you can save time and hurdles.",
"\n\nWeb Design Websites Things To Know Before You Buy\n\nUnderstanding: If You should find out new computer software, or get a particular skill, to complete a task, you shouldn’t bill the consumer. ",
"You took on the venture, along with the awareness you end up with is usually advantageous Sooner or later.",
"\n\nThe Greatest Guide To Small Business Website Design\n\nEmploy a website designer. ",
"If you want a little something personalized to your needs that appears professional and operates excellent, It really is possibly a good notion to hire a website designer. ",
"While this will definitely cost you revenue, it will not be as high priced because it Appears.",
"\n\nLook for-helpful, mobile-helpful, you-welcoming Vistaprint brand matching Already produced Vistaprint marketing supplies? ",
"We can easily coordinate a website with images and logos you’ve already added! ",
"Tablet & mobile websites Our responsive templates build tablet and mobile versions routinely while you go and that means you help you save time and look fantastic. ",
"Focused guidance Our digital experts are listed here to help with prolonged mobile phone hours, Reside chat, message boards, and 24-hour electronic mail turnaround. ",
"Personalized area name Two of our small business website deals come with personalized URLs to really make it quick for serps and shoppers to seek out you.",
"\n\nEach and every Internet design task is exclusive which is not going to direct you to definitely duplicated templates, and there is no regular monthly price. ",
"You may also take your completed website to host with any company you want. ",
"For further assistance, remember to call us at (612) 590-8080.",
"\n\nSmall Business Website Design No Further a Mystery\n\nTogether with resize textual content and pictures, it is also common to use media queries in responsive Web content.",
"\n\nThe colours, font, and style of your respective emblem will influence the design of one's website. ",
"This is due to you wish a dependable topic amongst your symbol and Web content.",
"\n\nThe idea inside their head looks as if the very best Website design concept at any time, but when it at last gets onto the display screen, it will not come out as planned, and ends up on the lookout pretty amateurish.",
"\n\nNot known Factual Statements About Website Design Cost\n\nWith web-sites like 123reg, 1and1 and GoDaddy you may get typical promotional web hosting deals that also consist of cost-free domain names should you don’t already have a person. ",
"At present GoDaddy provide a free domain whenever you purchase a once-a-year internet hosting deal which often can begin from as little as £2.ninety nine monthly .",
"\n\nRumored Buzz on Simple Website Design\n\nIt is easy. ",
"Significantly. ",
"Developing your own website can look like a daunting activity. ",
"Who wants to manage code, in any case? ",
"As an alternative, GoCentral is usually a modular website builder that makes it straightforward as pie to develop your own private website in about an hour.",
"\n\nYou should note: Whenever we say “small business website” we are talking about an informational website consisting of around 10 to 20 internet pages with some fundamental material management and social websites widgets.",
"\n\nA Review Of Web Design Websites\n\nClick on-to-simply call buttons are In particular helpful If you need mobile people to dial your business. ",
"This is the button that – when clicked from the mobile cellphone – instantly populates your business’ cell phone number to the visitor’s dialpad.",
"\n\nAction six: Entrust the development of the website to a professional team of Website builders and designers"
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[
"Here is my fall window decoration, that I would love to share with you all. ",
"It makes me happy - I love it!! ",
"Gives me good feelings!! ",
"I love autum - my FAVORITE season!! ",
"What do you think? ",
"Do you like it? ",
"I wanna know ;-) I took some things out and added a few new peices. ",
"I like much better!",
"\n\nWhat is the 100 day challenge?You set positive goals for 100 days. ",
"You can blog, journal, or make videos during your challenge. ",
"Have faith and believe in yourself and watch your dreams manifest into things you thought could never happen! ",
"Change your mind and change your life. ",
"It's all about choices we CHOOSE!",
"\n\nWednesday, March 31, 2010\n\nI am thankful that my son, Tony has decided to move back home :-D He has always been against alcohol and drugs. ",
"I have always talked my children about drugs, sex, and pure pressure - them sorts of things. ",
"I always had a good bond with them! ",
"We are a very close family.",
"\n\nTony turned 18 on June 22, 2009. ",
"Then, moved out shortly after turning 18. ",
"Started hanging out with the wrong crown and got into quit a bit of trouble. ",
"Which he then turned into a kid I didn't know! ",
"A complete stranger:-(\n\nI had a hard time with him moving out but knew it was for the best. ",
"I felt that he is on his learning path and I needed to let him go! ",
"I cried for months......as this is the hardest thing for us mothers. ",
"You bring your babies into this world but never think they will leave you. ",
"Especially, that soon -- and that close of a bond! ",
"You are never prepared for this -- atleast I wasn't!",
"\n\nHowever, the good thing is......he is ready to make better choices and get back on the right path! ",
"He loves to race 4-wheelers. ",
"His dream is to become a pro racer and become a legion on day! ",
"Tony realizes in order to do this he must get on the right path and make so good changes in his life.",
"\n\nTony now lives back home -- where he belongs! ",
"He has learnt so much in his time time away -- on his journey!! ",
"I am so proud of him and glad he has learned from his mistakes;-)\n\nMy boy is turning in to such a nice young man!!",
"\n\nBy everything Tony went though.....he now ask help from the higher power. ",
"His spirituality is really coming out and has choosen a positive path. ",
"Now, he wants to become someone and lives for his dreams!",
"\n\nDear Tony ~\n\nI You have many great talents and so gifted. ",
"You have so much to learn and live for. ",
"I am so proud of you wonderful choices! ",
"You are a winner/star! ",
"Go for your dreams/desires!! ",
"Do what makes you happy, as you deserve the best in life! ",
"I am so proud to call you my son, Tony Lee ;-) Go for your dreams -- you are the one that can make them happen! ",
"Never give up on them!!",
"\n\nSaturday, January 16, 2010\n\nYesterday, I dropped my 15 yr. ",
"old daughter off at work. ",
"She works in a grocery store. ",
"I needed a few things so, went in the store.",
"\n\nAs I was paying for my items -- a woman was entering the store (worker - who was just starting her shift as well)......grabbed my arm and said -- \"Hey sweetie\". ",
"I looked and she had the strangest look on her face as she looked at me and heared/saw my daughter from across the store. ",
"She was dazed and confused.",
"\n\nWhat was going through my head, was.......do I know this lady?? ",
"She looks familiar. ",
"The woman said.....\"I am so sorry -- You aren't Taylor\"! ",
"I said, I am Tyler's mom. ",
"She said \"I am so sorry, I thought your where Tyler. ",
"We laughed and she hugged my arm. ",
"I laughted all the way home, cuz alot of people do that and the look on her face was just priceless. ",
"hahaha\n\nI am thankful that I look good for my age. ",
"In 3 months I will be 40 yrs. ",
"old. ",
"I am not thrilled on the age.....but however I am glad I still look pretty young. ",
"That's what alot of people tell me anyway."
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[
"For years, Judge Guy Williams has sat at the bench to dispense justice. ",
"On Friday, he stood before it as a defendant.",
"\n\n\"... How would you like to plea, guilty or not guilty?\" ",
"asked Sid Harle, a judge from Bexar County who was assigned to preside over the case.",
"\n\n\"Not guilty, your Honor,\" Williams replied.",
"\n\nWilliams, 67, was indicted Friday on two second-degree felony counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. ",
"His bond was set at $25,000, which jail officials said was posted by one of his attorneys.",
"\n\nAs the proceedings continued, Williams questioned a bond condition that required he surrender his guns.",
"\n\n\"Y'all are going to require that I give up all my firearms, even in my household?\" ",
"Williams asked of the court.",
"\n\n\"Yes sir. ",
"That's a standard condition of bond here, that's what they tell us,\" Harle replied.",
"\n\n\"Well, I've had violent threats levied against me, so y'all are leaving me at home without protection,\" Williams said.",
"\n\nHarle assured him that law enforcement officers could come to his aid, if he needed it.",
"\n\nWilliams also is required to surrender any courthouse keys and security passes.",
"\n\nHe is accused of attempting to run another vehicle off the road and pointing a gun at its occupants in an April 28 incident.",
"\n\nThe Corpus Christi Police Department referred the case to the Texas Rangers to avoid a conflict of interest. ",
"The Nueces County District Attorney's office referred the case to the Attorney General's office.",
"\n\nBefore the grand jury's decision, Williams had been in court Friday morning hearing cases. ",
"Because Williams a local judge, Harle was appointed to handle the case.",
"\n\nOn Friday afternoon, Williams appeared in 347th District Court along with his attorneys for a hearing on the assault charges.",
"\n\nTrial is set for March 19.",
"\n\nMore:State district judge's alleged road rage case expected to face grand jury\n\nA police log shows that a woman called 911 on April 28 and told dispatchers the driver of a Mercedes attempted to run her car off the road.",
"\n\nWilliams has also been named in two earlier incidents, from 2013 and 2015. ",
"He hasn't been charged in those cases. ",
"Williams told the Caller-Times earlier this year he's been the \"victim\" in these incidents and is \"a very courteous driver.\"",
"\n\nHe's also said he bought the Mercedes described in the incidents after taking the bench as a reward to himself in 2011.",
"\n\n\"People don't like a Mercedes zipping past them, I don't think,\" Williams told the Caller-Times in May. \"Ever since I got that white Mercedes I've noticed people don't like people driving a white Mercedes.\"",
"\n\nIn August, Williams stepped down as presiding judge for the local Council of District Judges, an administrative role. ",
"He hasn't publicly given a reason for that resignation.",
"\n\nIn unrelated legal matters, he also is suing Fulton Construction and its owner, Phillip Skrobarczyk, over the 2015 incident near Mexico and Antelope streets. ",
"Williams' Mercedes allegedly hit a vehicle Skrobarczyk was driving, but Williams claims Skrobarczyk struck him.",
"\n\nPolice reports detail a 2013 incident near La Palmera mall, where Williams is accused of striking a Jeep. ",
"Williams called police as well, reporting the Jeep struck him.",
"\n\nHis lawyers, Terry Shamsie and Lisa Greenberg, issued a statement late Thursday ahead of the grand jury's decision, saying Williams is innocent and asked people not to rush to judgment.",
"\n\nMore:Nueces County judge involved in earlier road rage cases\n\n\"Judge Williams is a true believer in the judicial system and is confident his name will be cleared,\" the statement reads.",
"\n\nWilliams, a former Marine who received the Purple Heart, served in the Vietnam War. ",
"His lawyers' statement also mentioned he's a former federal agent.",
"\n\n\"He has spent his life defending the Constitution of the United States and anticipates the values he risked his life for will be upheld in the courtroom and justice will he served,\" according to the statement.",
"\n\nEric Vinson, executive director of the State Commission on Judicial Conduct, said when a judge is indicted on a felony charge, the commission has the authority to suspend the judge, with or without pay. ",
"He said that process typically takes one or two days.",
"\n\nRELATED COVERAGE:\n\nMore:Exclusive: Judge Guy Williams facing sexual harassment complaints\n\nMore:Judge Guy Williams resigns from top role\n\nMore:Judge Williams asks for expedited civil trial\n\nMore:Texas Rangers investigating Corpus Christi judge in road rage claim"
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"\nStats on GPUs - yzh\nhttps://owensgroup.github.io/gpustats/\n======\nbradknowles\nBut there aren't any labels. ",
"So, you can't tell which dot belongs to what.",
"\n\nIMO, that's not very useful.",
"\n\n~~~\nyzh\nIt's been updated (with labels and data source from Wiki) and the author would\nlike to have it pop up the name of the GPU when you mouseover too. ",
"Filed an\nissue: [https://github.com/altair-\nviz/altair/issues/360](https://github.com/altair-viz/altair/issues/360)\n\n------\nyzh\nSome stats on GPUs over time. ",
"A cool visualization project on going.",
"\n\n"
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"South Africa’s High Court lifted the domestic ban on the trade of rhino horns— a policy that was imposed by the government in 2009 to try and stem poaching.",
"\n\nThe judge’s ruling was delivered in the Pretoria high court after two South African game breeders, John Hume and Johan Kruger, fought a legal battle to overturn the moratorium, reports AFP.",
"\n\nThe decision came ahead of next year’s Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Johannesburg, South Africa, which could lift the global ban.",
"\n\nThe country is suffering from a poaching epidemic, which saw 1,215 rhino killed last year for their horn, a rate that will see more rhino killed than born within the next few years. ",
"Some private rhino breeders say selling legally harvested horns could stifle the lucrative black market trade.",
"\n\n“We believe the South African government is seriously contemplating making a proposal to CITES to allow international trade in rhino horns,” Izak du Toi, one of Hume’s lawyers, told AFP. “(",
"Hume) hopes that a legalised trade will lead to a reduction in poaching.”",
"\n\nSouth Africa’s government has 21-ton stockpile of rhino horns worth more than $1.36 billion.",
"\n\nGet The Brief. ",
"Sign up to receive the top stories you need to know right now. ",
"Please enter a valid email address. ",
"Sign Up Now Check the box if you do not wish to receive promotional offers via email from TIME. ",
"You can unsubscribe at any time. ",
"By signing up you are agreeing to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . ",
"This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. ",
"Thank you! ",
"For your security, we've sent a confirmation email to the address you entered. ",
"Click the link to confirm your subscription and begin receiving our newsletters. ",
"If you don't get the confirmation within 10 minutes, please check your spam folder.",
"\n\nContact us at letters@time.com."
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"\nAsk HN: Would you be interested in a PagerDuty alternative with less features? - ",
"bradgessler\nI’m working on an alternative to PagerDuty that doesn’t have a zillion features called Pagerline (https://www.pagerline.com/). ",
"It only does one thing: keeps trying to get a hold of a person on a team until somebody acknowledges it.<p>My thinking is that small to medium size teams don’t need all the bells and whistles of PagerDuty and should not have to pay for them either.<p>I’d love to get your feedback for what’s currently built at https://www.pagerline.com/ and hear your thoughts on everything from features to pricing that would make this offering appealing to you and your business.",
"\n======\nmarketgod\nMaybe? ",
"It needs to do reporting well though. ",
"Also, it needs to do schedules\nwell.",
"\n\nPagerDuty sucks for reporting. ",
"If you want to track how long each person\nworked on incidents, how many times they were paged out, how many days in a\nmonth they were on call, they don't make it so easy.",
"\n\nSchedules are odd, you can over-ride one person, but sometimes, when the\nsystem is just not working, you need to add 2-3 people into the \"rotation\"\nhowever, you can'st just say, add them for the weekend, you have to add them\ninto the rotation as an escalation/default, then remember to delete.",
"\n\nI'm not even sure if these two ideas can differentiate you. ",
"Maybe others have\nproblems with PD that I haven't noticed.",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nHow can i add '\"-\" in column\n\nmy query is showing in row 2000 the data of 2000-2001 & in 2001 the data of 2001-2002.",
"\nhow can i change the column so that it displayes \ncolumn 1 column 2\n2000-2001 5\n2001-2002 3\n2002-2003 9\n2003-2004 12\n.",
"\n.",
"\n.",
"\n.",
"\n\nand so on...\n\nA:\n\nWithout seeing your query this will have to be very generic, but something like the following should work:\nSELECT TO_CHAR(col1) || '-' || TO_CHAR(col1+1) as \"column 1\",\n col2 as \"column 2\"\n FROM (SELECT col1,\n SUM(col2) as col2\n FROM sometable\n WHERE something = something_else\n GROUP BY col1)\n\nThe above is Oracle syntax (the TO_CHAR and || string concatenations) but should give you a good idea of how to proceed.",
"\nEDIT: In SQL Server try the following:\nSELECT CAST(col1 AS NVARCHAR(100)) + N'-' +\n CAST(col1+1 AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS \"column 1\",\n col2 as \"column 2\"\n FROM (SELECT col1,\n SUM(col2) as col2\n FROM sometable\n WHERE something = something_else\n GROUP BY col1)\n\nShare and enjoy.",
"\n\n"
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"// Copyright 1998-2017 Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.",
"\n\n#pragma once\n\n#include \"CoreMinimal.h\"\n#include \"UObject/ObjectMacros.h\"\n#include \"UObject/ScriptMacros.h\"\n#include \"Styling/SlateBrush.h\"\n#include \"Binding/PropertyBinding.h\"\n#include \"BrushBinding.generated.h\"\n\nUCLASS()\nclass UMG_API UBrushBinding : public UPropertyBinding\n{\n\tGENERATED_BODY()\n\npublic:\n\n\tUBrushBinding();\n\n\tvirtual bool IsSupportedSource(UProperty* Property) const override;\n\tvirtual bool IsSupportedDestination(UProperty* Property) const override;\n\n\tUFUNCTION()\n\tFSlateBrush GetValue() const;\n\nprivate:\n\tenum class EConversion : uint8\n\t{\n\t\tNone,\n\t\tTexture,\n\t\t//Material,\n\t};\n\n\tmutable TOptional<EConversion> bConversion;\n};\n"
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[
"East Coker (poem)\n\nEast Coker is the second poem of T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets. ",
"It was started as a way for Eliot to get back into writing poetry and was modelled after Burnt Norton. ",
"It was finished during early 1940 and printed for the Easter edition of the 1940 New English Weekly. ",
"The title refers to a small community that was directly connected to Eliot's ancestry and was home to a church that was later to house Eliot's ashes.",
"\n\nThe poem discusses time and disorder within nature that is the result of humanity following only science and not the divine. ",
"Leaders are described as materialistic and unable to understand reality. ",
"The only way for mankind to find salvation is through pursuing the divine by looking inwards and realizing that humanity is interconnected. ",
"Only then can people understand the universe.",
"\n\nBackground \n\nIn 1939 T. S. Eliot thought that he would be unable to continue writing poetry. ",
"In an attempt to see if he could still, he started copying aspects of Burnt Norton and substituted another place: East Coker, a place that Eliot visited in 1937 with the St Michael's Church, where his ashes were later kept. ",
"The place held a particular importance to Eliot and his family because Andrew Eliott, Eliot's ancestor, left the town to travel to America in 1669. ",
"A plaque dedicated to Eliot and his ashes reads \"In my beginning is my end. ",
"Of your kindness, pray for the soul of Thomas Stearns Eliot, poet. ",
"In my end is my beginning.\"",
"\n\nHe managed to complete two sections by February 1940, but finished the rest during that month. ",
"John Davy Hayward, Herbert Read and others helped review and edit it. ",
"East Coker was published in the March 1940 New English Weekly for its Easter edition. ",
"It was later reprinted May and June, and it was published on its own by Faber and Faber in September. ",
"With the completion of the poem, Eliot began creating the Four Quartets as a series of four poems based on the same theme with Burnt Norton as the first in the series and East Coker as the second.",
"\n\nPoem\nEast Coker is described as a poem of late summer, earth, and faith. ",
"As in the other poems of the Four Quartets, each of the five sections holds a theme that is common to each of the poems: time, experience, purgation, prayer, and wholeness. ",
"The time theme is stated in the first section as 'In my beginning is my end' which, given proper attention, might prove to lead into the eternal moment.",
"\n\nThe second section discusses disorder within nature, which is opposite to the discussion of order within nature found in the second section of Burnt Norton. ",
"Also, rational knowledge itself is described as being inadequate for explaining reality. ",
"Those who pursue only reason and science are ignorant. ",
"Even our progress is not progress as we continue to repeat the same errors as the past.",
"\n\nThe third section discusses the rulers of secular society and their flaws. ",
"The fourth, which is a formal section, deploys a series of Baroque paradoxes in the context of the Good Friday mass. ",
"This past manner is regarded ironically by the poet in the fifth section as he looks back on his period of experimentation in 'the years of l'entre deux guerres''' as 'largely wasted'. ",
"He welcomes approaching old age as a new opportunity to find renewal, although it might only be a rediscovery of 'what has been lost and found and lost again'.",
"\n\nDespite the poem's doubt and darkness, a note of hope is struck by the first line of the fifth section, 'So here I am in the middle way'. ",
"This refers to the first line of Dante's Inferno, 'Midway in our life's journey, I went astray'. ",
"Although the descent is predicated on going astray, so also is persevering beyond it into the light.",
"\n\nThemesEast Coker gives a message of hope that the English communities would survive through World War II. ",
"In a letter dated 9 February 1940, Eliot stated, \"We can have very little hope of contributing to any immediate social change; and we are more disposed to see our hope in modest and local beginnings, than in transforming the whole world at once... We must keep alive aspirations which can remain valid throughout the longest and darkest period of universal calamity and degradation.\" ",
"The poem also relied on the war as a way to connect to Eliot's idea that there was a united humanity. ",
"In particular, Stephen Spender claimed that \"the war modified [Eliot's] attitude by convincing him that there was a Western cause to be positively defended. ",
"And after the war there was a Germany to be brought back within the Western tradition\".",
"\n\nThe poem served as a sort of opposite to the popular idea that The Waste Land served as an expression of disillusionment after World War I, even though Eliot never accepted this interpretation. ",
"World War II itself has a direct mention in only a few of Eliot's writings. ",
"However, World War II does affect the poem, especially with the disruption caused by the war being reflected within the poem as a disruption of nature and heaven. ",
"The poem describes society in ways similar to The Waste Land, especially with its emphasis on death and dying. ",
"The place is connected to where Eliot's family originates, and, as such, is also the place where his family will symbolically end. ",
"In the second part of the poem, nature is experiencing disorder, and it is suggested that humans too may burn, and also that reason, knowledge, and science cannot save people. ",
"The errors of our past become the reasons for war and conflict and we need to become humble in order to escape the destruction. ",
"However, darkness consumes the rulers of the world and society. ",
"This is, in part, due to Adam's fall, and the resulting concept of original sin. ",
"Christ is our savior and we need to seek redemption to overcome our human failings. ",
"Eliot states that he has been involved with fighting for humanity and trying to help mankind learn what is important. ",
"Only through Christ is man able to be redeemed.",
"\n\nIn a twist from expectation, Eliot's poem suggests that old men should go out and explore. ",
"He warns that people should trade wisdom for pointless experience and argues that men should explore human experience itself. ",
"This concept is hinted of in The Waste Land and draws from the ideas within Dante's Convivio. ",
"Dante argues that old men are supposed to return to God and describes the process in a way similar to the travels of Odysseus. ",
"Unlike Homer's hero, Dante argues that men should not travel in the material world but in the spiritual world. ",
"Both Dante and Eliot put forth a similar view to St. Augustine when they focus on internal travels. ",
"Through these travels, mankind is able to have faith in salvation and able to see that there is more to the world than darkness. ",
"Eliot explains within the poem that we are all interconnected through time and that we must realize this. ",
"Only through this realization is mankind able to understand the truth of the universe. ",
"This, in turn, would allow humanity to break free from the burden of time. ",
"As Russell Kirk explains: \"That end, for those who apprehend a reality superior to 'birth, copulation, and death'—a reality transcending the rhythms of physical nature—is to know God and enjoy Him forever.\"",
"\n\nFamily and family history also plays an important role in the poem. ",
"Eliot found information on his family from Sketch of the Eliot Family, which described how Eliot's family lived in East Coker for 200 years. ",
"When Andrew Eliott left, he disrupted the family history. ",
"Similarly, Eliot broke from his own family when he travelled away from his family, a family that he saw was declining. ",
"Within the poem, Eliot emphasizes the need for a journey and the need for inward change.",
"\n\nSources\nAccording to Eliot the poetic aspects of the poem are grounded in the tradition of John Cleveland, Edward Benlowes, William Blake, and William Butler Yeats's early work. ",
"Additionally, many of the images are connected to the poetry of Stéphane Mallarmé. ",
"In terms of theology, Eliot is orthodox in his theory and relies primarily on the writings of St Augustine. ",
"There are some additional influences from the works of Thomas Browne and Saint John of the Cross. ",
"In applying these views upon society, Eliot was heavily influenced by the writings of Christopher Dawson and Dawson's reliance on understanding God as the first step to a better society.",
"\n\nBesides the many literary sources, Eliot also draws on his personal feelings and experience, especially on the great stress that he felt while composing the poem. ",
"Similarly, Eliot used the image of pilgrims coming to America and the stories of them that were common throughout his childhood. ",
"In particular, his mother wrote poems about the pilgrims arriving in New England, and Eliot found information related to his family's history in a book called Sketch of the Eliot Family. ",
"The location, East Coker, was where Andrew Eliott, T. S. Eliot's ancestor, left when joining the pilgrimage.",
"\n\nReceptionEast Coker sold almost 12,000 copies during its initial publication. ",
"Eliot's response was to claim that its popularity proved that it was a bad poem. ",
"Regardless of the truthfulness of the statement, he enjoyed the fact that the poem could inspire people during the war. ",
"Eliot's friend, Emily Hale, liked the poem so much that she read the poem to her Smith College students \"as if it were a love-letter from God\". ",
"Early reviews focused on discussing the poem in terms of its content and not its style. ",
"In the Southern Review, James Johnson Sweeney, Spring 1941, and Curist Bradford, Winter 1944, discussed paraphrases of the poems and the sources of various passages. ",
" However, Andrews Wanning, Spring 1941, stated that Burnt Norton was a better poem than East Coker and that \"'Burnt Norton' is a poem of suggestion, 'East Coker' a poem of argument and explanation\". ",
"Another American critic, Delmore Schwartz, did not appreciate the tone within East Coker, especially that expressed in the fifth section.",
"\n\nSee also\n\n \n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n Ackroyd, Peter. ",
"T. S. Eliot: A Life. ",
"New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.",
"\n Bergonzi, Bernard. ",
"T. S. Eliot. ",
"New York: Macmillan Company, 1972.",
"\n Gordon, Lyndall. ",
"T. S. Eliot: An Imperfect Life. ",
"New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000.",
"\n Grant, Michael. ",
"T. S. Eliot: The Critical Heritage. ",
"New York: Routledge, 1997.",
"\n Kirk, Russell. ",
"Eliot and His Age. ",
"Wilmington: ISA Books, 2008.",
"\n Manganiello, Dominic. ",
"T. S. Eliot and Dante. ",
"New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989. ",
"\n Pinion, F. B. A T. S. Eliot Companion''. ",
"London: MacMillan, 1986.",
"\n\nCategory:1940 poems\nCategory:Christian poetry\nCategory:Modernist poems\nCategory:Poetry by T. S. Eliot\nCategory:Works originally published in the New English Weekly"
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"Parallel and comparative analysis of the proteome and transcriptome of sorbic acid-stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae.",
"\nExposure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to 0.9 mM sorbic acid at pH 4.5 resulted in the upregulation of 10 proteins; Hsp42, Atp2, Hsp26, Ssa1 or Ssa2, Ssb1 or Ssb2, Ssc1, Ssa4, Ach1, Zwf1 and Tdh1; and the downregulation of three proteins; Ade16, Adh3 and Eno2. ",
"In parallel, of 6144 ORFs, 94 (1.53%) showed greater than a 1.4-fold increase in transcript level after exposure to sorbic acid and five of these were increased greater than two-fold; MFA1, AGA2, HSP26, SIP18 and YDR533C. Similarly, of 6144 ORFs, 72 (1.17%) showed greater than a 1.4-fold decrease in transcript level and only one of these, PCK1, was decreased greater than two-fold Functional categories of genes that were induced by sorbic acid stress included cell stress (particularly oxidative stress), transposon function, mating response and energy generation. ",
"We found that proteomic analysis yielded distinct information from transcript analysis. ",
"Only the upregulation of Hsp26 was detected by both methods. ",
"Subsequently, we demonstrated that a deletion mutant of Hsp26 was sensitive to sorbic acid. ",
"Thus, the induction of Hsp26, which occurs during adaptation to sorbic acid, confers resistance to the inhibitory effects of this compound."
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"Pages\n\nSunday, July 8, 2012\n\nResearching Indian Migrant Ancestors in Natal\n\nIf you’re a family historian seeking migrant ancestors who came to Natal from India, it’s wise to do some preparation before starting a search of the Migrants Index. ",
"In keeping with all genealogy research, adhere to the maxim of proceeding from the Known to the Unknown.",
"\n\nMigrants at Umzinto, Natal.",
"\n\nAre you certain that your ancestor/s arrived as migrants under the system of indenture, and not as one of the so-called Passenger Indians, mostly merchants and traders who came to Natal under their own steam, as it were, paying for their own passage out? ",
"If your ancestor was one of the latter immigrants he naturally won’t be found on the Migrants Index. (",
"Bear in mind, though, that there are no hard and fast rules in researching migrants: it isn’t always simple to categorise them. ",
"Many migrants who went back to India after serving their indenture contract, for a variety of reasons returned to Natal – some re-indentured for another five years, others came out again as ‘free’ Indians and thus were ‘passengers’ at that stage.)",
"\n\nStart by doing some homework, collecting as much information as possible from sources within the family about the migrant ancestor/s you are looking for; family memories, legends, stories, anecdotes. ",
"The main goal is to establish particular details about a migrant which could help identify him on the index.",
"\n\n(Note: where I refer to a migrant ancestor as ‘he’ this implies ‘he’ or ‘she’. ",
"Migrants were men, women and children.)",
"\n\nDetails for identification purposes include:\nThe migrant’s name. ",
"This may sound obvious but can be a huge stumbling block. ",
"See note below*\nA spouse’s name.",
"\nRegistration or Indentured Number.",
"\nAn approximate year or period of possible arrival; at least try to pin it down to a decade by working out ages of succeeding generations.",
"\nAny clues as to the migrant’s employer, in which industry, or the area where the migrant worked e.g. North Coast, South Coast or more specific places.",
"\nFamily memory might point to a possible place of origin in India, even if only 'North' or 'South'.",
"\nAny clues as to caste/ religion/language of the migrant ancestor.",
"\nKnowledge of a special occupation the migrant may have had: e.g. coachman.",
"\nAny official documents preserved by family members.",
"\n\n* Names are the single most difficult aspect when it comes to using the Migrants Index.",
"\nThere could be a large number of confusing variant spellings of a particular name. ",
"Names may have been recorded incorrectly by those compiling the original lists. ",
"Migrants sometimes changed their names during their time in Natal. ",
"The name by which descendants know them might not be the one that appears in the lists. ",
"These and other factors militate against finding the ‘right’ ancestor. ",
"It’s therefore helpful to home in on a specific detail as an aid in identification of the individual."
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"VIEWPOINT by LORD WOLFSON: Road charges would help to drive growth\n\nOne of the reasons we are stuck in recession is that politicians, of all persuasions, struggle with the idea of wealth creation. ",
"Most don’t really understand it. ",
"Roads are a good example.",
"\n\nAsk any minister: would it be good for the economy if we shut the M1? ‘",
"No’ would be the answer.",
"\n\nBut whilst no political leaders advocate shutting roads, few if any can see the enormous potential in building new ones.",
"\n\nBeating the traffic: Satisfying the demand for roads would be self-financing, create jobs, and stimulate the economy, says Lord Wolfson\n\nThe car journey from Croydon to Westminster takes 45 minutes if you are lucky. ",
"A new ‘Southway’ flyover could get you there in 12 minutes, transforming the economic potential of South London. ",
"Most British cities would benefit from similarly ambitious schemes.",
"\n\nPainfully predictable daily traffic jams are testament to colossal pent up demand for new roads. ",
"Satisfying that demand would be self-financing, create jobs, and stimulate the economy.",
"\n\nMore...\n\nTo those who are worried about the environment, the tried and tested answer is cleaner cars not fewer roads.",
"\n\nSo why is the Government doing so little to improve our roads? ",
"The answer has much to do with the archaic way in which we pay for them.",
"Most of us think roads are free. ",
"In fact, we pay for them indirectly, through fuel tax. ",
"But the absence of a clear link between the use of specific roads and fuel tax income means that the State never ties revenues from motorists to its investment in roads.",
"\n\nThe tax on a litre of petrol is an astonishing 80p. ",
"That raises £25bn in revenue for the Government, but only a fraction of this is reinvested back into roads.",
"\n\nIn an age of satellites and mobile communications there is a better way. ",
"Fuel taxes should be abolished and replaced with universal road charging.",
"\n\nOverall, motorists must not be charged any more for the current road network – anything less than a firm commitment to this would leave road charging dead in the water.",
"\n\nThe effect of rational road charging would be direct investment to where it provided the best return on taxpayer’s money. ",
"Crucially, it would also allow new roads to be privately financed; with the revenue generated by that road going to the road-builder.",
"\n\nThis would make vast sums of money available for new road projects and ease pressure on Public Sector borrowing.",
"\n\nFrom the motorist’s point of view, roads would be built where they are needed, rather than where bureaucrats dictate.",
"\n\nCharges could be varied by time of day and type of road. ",
"The cheapest roads would be minor roads overnight, the most expensive would be the major arterial roads during rush hour.",
"\n\nBehaviour would quickly adapt and reduce congestion at the busiest times of day. ",
"For example, there would be much bigger financial incentives for car sharing on school runs and commutes.",
"\n\nA single monthly bill could collect the charge, similar to ones for mobile phones and credit cards. ",
"Of course we would need to be similarly careful to protect data from the prying eyes of the state.",
"\n\nIt would be simple to calculate the cost of road works and charge those digging up roads. ",
"This would be an incentive for contractors to co-ordinate their activities and get the work done as quickly as possible.",
"\n\nCar theft could be all but eliminated, because cars could be tracked if stolen, or detected if the tracking device were removed.",
"\n\nThe problem of uninsured cars and the avoidance of Vehicle Excise Duty would also be eliminated – reducing the cost of insurance and tax for honest car owners.",
"\n\nRadical ideas to kick start the economy, drive growth and improve our quality of life are in pretty short supply. ",
"The development of a rational market for roads represents an enormous economic opportunity.",
"\n\nAt some point, the overwhelming logic of pay-as-you-go road charging will prevail, and it will be adopted throughout the developed world. ",
"We should be brave enough to be the first."
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"Vashki, Vologda Oblast\n\nVashki () is a rural locality (a village) in Vasilyevskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. ",
"The population was 36 as of 2002.",
"\n\nGeography \nThe distance to Vasilyevskaya is 5 km. ",
"Bernikovo is the nearest rural locality.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Rural localities in Vologda Oblast"
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"Packing Day\n\nBy: Northern Seminary\n\nToday is packing day. ",
"It still seems unreal that in a little over 40 hours from now I will be in another continent. ",
"How does one prepare for that?",
"\n\nIn some ways, we have prepared for Africa as if it is a disease state. ",
"Hepatitis A, typhoid, diphtheria, yellow fever, polio, meningococcal, malaria. ",
"If we have worked so hard to make our bodies immune, how are we supposed to open our hearts to what we will experience in Africa?",
"\n\nEven the concept of “Africa” is misleading. ",
"We are only going to be in Ethiopia and Kenya, so there are vast amounts of Africa that we will never experience. ",
"What does it take to appreciate the true size of Africa?",
"\n\nWe have had a dinner together, in the style of a dinner in Ethiopia, at a wonderful restaurant called the Ethiopian Diamond. ",
"We ate without utensils, using the stretchy injera bread to scoop up the meat and vegetables, and we weren’t very skilled at it. ",
"I have already been warned that the Diamond spices their food more to the tastes of a Western palate. ",
"We will encounter hotter spices, less familiar tastes during our time in Ethiopia and Kenya.",
"\n\nOne thing we are not packing is blue jeans. ",
"Coach has told us to wear dark slacks and shirts with collars, dresses/skirts recommended for the women, dark shoes—not tennis shoes or sandals, no T-shirts with logos. ",
"While we may still act like American tourists, we are going to dress in ways that will look less Western to our hosts.",
"\n\nWe are going to be hosted. ",
"We will be sleeping in hotels, but our agenda calls for us to spend our days with ministry leaders, pastors, and even families who will take us into their homes. ",
"Our hosts are going to be cooking meals for us, giving us tours, and talking to us. ",
"We are going to Africa to listen, and, as much as possible, hear what our hosts have to say.",
"\n\nLess seems to be more when it comes to packing for Africa. ",
"I am trying to pack fewer clothes than I might normally take on a two-week trip. ",
"I am trying to unburden myself of some of my Western technology (though this blog gives me a convenient excuse to still stay connected to the Internet). ",
"I am trying to make some empty spaces in my schedule-driven, media-saturated life so there will be some room for Africa to seep in."
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"Residents in Orange County were alarmed when their television programming was interrupted by a doomsday message.",
"\n\nShocked viewers saw an emergency banner flash across their screen accompanied by a man’s voice informing them that the end of the world was near.",
"\n\nThe unknown man said “Realise this, extremely violent times will come,” and that the end of the world would occur on 23 September.",
"\n\n“It almost sounded like Hitler talking,” Stacy Laflamme told the Orange County Register.",
"\n\nHumanity just 2.5 minutes from apocalypse, Doomsday Clock now says\n\nShe added: “It sounded like a radio broadcast coming through the television.”",
"\n\nAnother woman, Erin Mireles, said: “I was definitely startled, because the volume increased exponentially...I wasn’t alarmed in the sense of thinking something was wrong. ",
"I assumed it was some sort of hack.\"",
"\n\nThe ominous message was in fact due to a glitch at a local radio station and affected more than one television provider."
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"Tag Archives: best rates for mortgages\n\nAre Interest Only loans coming back???Well technically they never fully left the industry even after the mortgage market meltdown in 2008, but most people are unaware these programs still exist today. ",
"However, there is only a small handful of lenders that offer the Interest Only programs today and they are nothing like “fog the mirror” testto qualify for them as it many people joked about prior to 2008. ",
"In fact the Interest Only programs offered today are even more strictin terms of income, down payment, and credit requirements then their principal in interest counter parts. ",
"Makes sense that underwriting would be more strict as the lender is taking more risk by not have principal reduced every month."
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[
"---\nabstract: 'We study H I Ly$\\alpha$ absorption observed by the [*Hubble Space Telescope*]{} toward the nearby binary system $\\alpha$ Cen (G2 V+K0 V) and its distant companion star Proxima Cen (M5.5 Ve). ",
"Absorption from heliospheric H I heated by the solar wind/ISM interaction is observed toward both $\\alpha$ Cen and Proxima Cen. ",
"Absorption from analogous “astrospheric” material surrounding the stars is detected toward $\\alpha$ Cen, but not Proxima Cen. ",
"The nondetection of astrospheric absorption toward Proxima Cen suggests that the stellar wind of Proxima Cen must be significantly weaker than that of the $\\alpha$ Cen system. ",
"We use hydrodynamic models of the astrospheres computed assuming different mass-loss rates to predict astrospheric Ly$\\alpha$ absorption for comparison with the observations. ",
"The model that best matches the $\\alpha$ Cen data has a mass-loss rate of $\\dot{M} = 2~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$, and the models suggest an upper limit of $\\dot{M} \\leq 0.2~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$ for Proxima Cen. ",
"Finally, we note that the heliospheric absorption observed toward Proxima Cen in 2000 May is identical to the heliospheric absorption observed toward $\\alpha$ Cen in 1995 May, implying that the structure of the outer heliosphere does not change significantly during the solar activity cycle.'",
"\nauthor:\n- 'Brian E. Wood, Jeffrey L. Linsky, Hans-Reinhard Müller, and Gary P. Zank'\ntitle: '**Observational Estimates for the Mass-Loss Rates of $\\alpha$ Centauri and Proxima Centauri Using HST Ly$\\alpha$ Spectra**'\n---\n\nINTRODUCTION\n============\n\nCoronal winds analogous to the solar wind have proven to be very difficult to detect around cool main sequence stars like the Sun. ",
"This is not surprising given the low density of the solar wind, corresponding to a mass-loss rate of only about $\\dot{M}_{\\odot}=2\\times 10^{-14}$ M$_{\\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, and the fact that the wind is fully ionized. ",
"These properties mean that such winds cannot be detected spectroscopically like the massive winds of hot stars and evolved cool stars.",
"\n\nIonized winds would be expected to produce radio emission, and searches for this emission have provided upper limits for the mass-loss rates of many solar-like stars. ",
"However, these upper limits are typically 3 or more orders of magnitude higher than the solar mass-loss rate [@ab90; @sad93; @jl96b; @ejg00]. ",
"There have been some claims of high mass-loss rates detected for a few very active stars using observations at millimeter wavelengths and studies of UV absorption features [@djm89; @djm92]. ",
"However, these interpretations of the data remain highly controversial [@jl96a; @jl96c]. ",
"There are theoretical arguments for large mass-loss rates from active stars [@gdc76; @djm92], but @jl96c argue that massive ionized winds would completely absorb the coronal radio emission that is commonly observed from these stars.",
"\n\nFortunately, a new method for indirectly detecting winds around cool main sequence stars has recently become available, using spectroscopic observations of stellar Ly$\\alpha$ lines made by the [*Hubble Space Telescope*]{} (HST). ",
"Models of the interaction between the solar wind and local interstellar medium (LISM) predict that charge exchange processes should create a population of heated neutral hydrogen gas throughout the heliosphere [@vbb95; @gpz96; @gpz99b; @hrm00a]. ",
"This material produces a detectable absorption signature in the Ly$\\alpha$ lines of many nearby stars [@kgg97; @vvi99; @bew00b]. ",
"However, not only is heliospheric absorption detected in the data, but analogous “astrospheric” absorption from material surrounding the star is also observed in some cases.",
"\n\nAstrospheric Ly$\\alpha$ absorption has by now been detected for seven nearby coronal stars, although some of the detections are tentative [@bew96; @ard97; @kgg97; @bew98; @bew00a]. ",
"This absorption can only be present if a stellar wind is present, and if the star is surrounded by ISM material that is at least partially neutral. ",
"A larger stellar mass loss rate will result in a larger astrosphere and more Ly$\\alpha$ absorption. ",
"@hrm00b used this fact to estimate mass-loss rates for two stars ($\\epsilon$ Ind and $\\lambda$ And) based on the amount of observed astrospheric absorption. ",
"In this paper, we perform a similar analysis to estimate the mass-loss rate of the $\\alpha$ Cen binary system (G2 V+K0 V), which has also been observed to have detectable astrospheric Ly$\\alpha$ absorption [@jll96; @kgg97].",
"\n\nIn addition, we present new HST Ly$\\alpha$ observations of $\\alpha$ Cen’s distant companion star Proxima Cen (M5.5 Ve), which can be compared directly with the $\\alpha$ Cen data to search for differences in astrospheric absorption that would indicate differences in stellar wind properties. ",
"Unlike the two $\\alpha$ Cen stars, which will share the same astrosphere since their orbit has a semimajor axis of only 24 AU [@dp99], Proxima Cen will have an astrosphere all to itself. ",
"Proxima Cen is about 12,000 AU from $\\alpha$ Cen, based on its $2.2^{\\circ}$ separation on the sky and its closer distance of 1.295 pc compared with 1.347 pc for $\\alpha$ Cen [@macp97]. ",
"Thus, while the LISM and heliospheric absorption should be identical toward $\\alpha$ Cen and Proxima Cen, the astrospheric absorption should be different.",
"\n\nCOMPARING THE LY$\\alpha$ LINES OF $\\alpha$ CEN AND PROXIMA CEN\n==============================================================\n\nProxima Cen was observed on 2000 May 8 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) instrument on HST [@bew98a]. ",
"We observed the $1150-1720$ Å spectral range through the $0.2^{\\prime\\prime}\\times 0.2^{\\prime\\prime}$ aperture with the moderate resolution E140M grating. ",
"The total exposure time of the E140M spectrum was 20,580 s. The data were reduced in IDL using the STIS team’s CALSTIS software package [@dl99]. ",
"The reduction includes assignment of wavelengths using calibration spectra obtained during the course of the observations, and a correction for scattered light is performed using the `ECHELLE_SCAT` routine in the CALSTIS package. ",
"The resulting Ly$\\alpha$ spectrum is displayed in Figure 1. ",
"The stellar emission is contaminated by narrow, weak deuterium (D I) absorption and very broad, saturated hydrogen (H I) absorption. ",
"A geocoronal emission feature is apparent at 1215.69 Å, which is removed from the data by fitting a Gaussian to the feature and then subtracting the Gaussian (see Fig.",
" 1).",
"\n\nBoth members of the $\\alpha$ Cen binary system were observed in 1995 May with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) instrument that preceded STIS on board HST. ",
"The observations included high resolution spectra of the Ly$\\alpha$ line, which were analyzed by @jll96. ",
"The $\\alpha$ Cen B spectrum is shown in Figure 2, where we have normalized the fluxes using the assumed stellar emission profile. ",
"Since a precise LISM H I column density could not be derived for the $\\alpha$ Cen line of sight, @jll96 actually presented two possible stellar profiles. ",
"We use the one that results in a derived deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio of ${\\rm D/H}=1.5\\times 10^{-5}$, the value that @jll98 finds to be consistent with very nearby ISM material along many lines of sight. ",
"The LISM H I column density derived from the $\\alpha$ Cen B data using this profile is $\\log {\\rm N_{H~I}}=17.60$.\n\nWe use this column density to estimate the stellar emission line profile for Proxima Cen (see Fig.",
" 1) using the following procedure. ",
"By assuming this column density, we can compute a wavelength dependent opacity profile for the H I absorption, $\\tau_{\\lambda}$. The stellar profile outside the saturated core of the H I absorption is then derived simply by extrapolating upwards from the data, multiplying the spectrum by $\\exp (\\tau_{\\lambda})$. We then interpolate the profile over the saturated H I absorption core.",
"\n\nThe green dashed line in Figure 2 shows the LISM absorption toward $\\alpha$ Cen, based on a fit in which the H I absorption is forced to have a central velocity and Doppler broadening parameter consistent with D I and other LISM absorption lines [@jll96]. ",
"Excess H I absorption is apparent on both sides of the LISM absorption. ",
"@kgg97 used hydrodynamic models of the heliosphere to show that heliospheric H I could account for the excess absorption on the red side of the line, but not the blue-side excess. ",
"The redshift of the heliospheric absorption relative to the LISM is due to the deceleration of interstellar material as it crosses the bow shock. ",
"The blue-side excess is presumably due to analogous “astrospheric” material surrounding the star, which is seen as blueshifted rather than redshifted because we are observing the material from outside the astrosphere rather than inside [@kgg97].",
"\n\nThe observed Proxima Cen fluxes are normalized to the stellar profile shown in Figure 1, and the result is plotted in Figure 2 for comparison with the $\\alpha$ Cen B data. ",
"We shifted the Proxima Cen spectrum by 2 km s$^{-1}$ to force its D I absorption feature to line up with that of the $\\alpha$ Cen spectrum. ",
"The Proxima Cen data have a lower spectral resolution than the $\\alpha$ Cen B data, explaining why the D I line is broader and not as deep. ",
"The amount of observed D I absorption toward the two stars is essentially identical, as one would expect.",
"\n\nThe Ly$\\alpha$ absorption profiles of Proxima Cen and $\\alpha$ Cen agree very well on the red side of the line, implying that the heliospheric absorption responsible for the aforementioned red-side excess is identical toward both stars. ",
"We would not expect to see any spatial variations in heliospheric absorption between two stars so nearby in the sky, but the data were taken five years apart and the heliosphere could have conceivably changed in the interim. ",
"The 1995 $\\alpha$ Cen data were taken close to the minimum of the Sun’s activity cycle, while the 2000 Proxima Cen data were taken close to solar maximum. ",
"Apparently, the structure of the outer heliosphere does not vary significantly during the solar activity cycle. ",
"This result is consistent with the theoretical predictions of @gpz99a, whose time-dependent heliospheric models predict little variability for global H I properties in the outer heliosphere despite the fact that the solar wind ram pressure near Earth varies by about a factor of two during the solar activity cycle [@ajl90; @jdr97].",
"\n\nUnlike the red side of the Ly$\\alpha$ line, the Ly$\\alpha$ absorption profiles of $\\alpha$ Cen and Proxima Cen do [*not*]{} agree well on the blue side of the line. ",
"The blue side of the Proxima Cen Ly$\\alpha$ absorption agrees well with the estimated ISM absorption, meaning there is no detectable astrospheric absorption toward Proxima Cen, in contrast to $\\alpha$ Cen. ",
"Note that the blue-side excess absorption seen toward $\\alpha$ Cen and other stars has been interpreted as being due to astrospheres primarily because the properties of the absorption are consistent with theoretical expectations for astrospheric absorption. ",
"The difference in absorption between Proxima Cen and $\\alpha$ Cen seen in Figure 2 represents the strongest [*purely empirical*]{} evidence that the blue-side excess absorption observed toward $\\alpha$ Cen is indeed due to circumstellar material surrounding $\\alpha$ Cen, which does not extend as far away as Proxima Cen. [*",
"This provides particularly strong evidence for the astrospheric interpretation of the excess absorption.*]{} ",
"Differences in stellar wind properties must be responsible for the difference in astrospheric absorption. ",
"In particular, the significantly lower astrospheric H I column density of Proxima Cen suggests a much smaller astrosphere, which in turn suggests that Proxima Cen’s wind is much weaker than that of $\\alpha$ Cen.",
"\n\nESTIMATING MASS-LOSS RATES\n==========================\n\nIn an attempt to estimate mass-loss rates for $\\alpha$ Cen and Proxima Cen, we compute a series of hydrodynamic models of the astrospheres assuming different loss rates (see Fig.",
" 3). ",
"These models are extrapolated from a heliospheric model that correctly predicts the amount of heliospheric absorption for various lines of sight [see @bew00b]. ",
"We assume the same input parameters for the astrospheric models, with the following exceptions. ",
"Instead of an ISM temperature of 8000 K appropriate for the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) around the Sun, we assume a temperature of 5650 K for the ISM surrounding Alpha/Proxima Cen, since these stars are not in the LIC, but are in the cooler “G cloud” [@jll96; @bew00a]. ",
"Based on the G cloud flow vector [@rl92] and the known stellar space motion of the Alpha/Proxima Cen system, we find that the stars see a slightly slower ISM wind speed than the Sun: 25 km s$^{-1}$ compared with 26 km s$^{-1}$ for the Sun. ",
"This slight difference in ISM flow velocity is also taken into account.",
"\n\nThe “baseline” heliospheric model we are extrapolating from assumes a proton density for the wind of $n(H^{+})=5.0$ cm$^{-3}$ at 1 AU from the Sun. ",
"In our astrospheric models, we experiment with different stellar mass-loss rates by changing $n(H^{+})$. Figure 3 shows the H I density distribution for four models with mass loss rates of $0.2~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$, $0.5~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$, $1.0~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$, and $2.0~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$, illustrating how the size of the astrosphere increases with increasing mass loss. ",
"The H I density enhancement shown in red is the “hydrogen wall” between the bow shock and “astropause” (analogous to the “heliopause”), which will be responsible for most of the astrospheric absorption for the line of sight toward the Sun, $79^{\\circ}$ from the upwind direction.",
"\n\nThe models provide tracings of H I temperature, density, and projected flow velocity along the line of sight toward the Sun from which we can compute the astrospheric Ly$\\alpha$ absorption predicted by each model. ",
"The predicted absorption of the four models is shown in Figure 2. ",
"The $2.0~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$ model reproduces the $\\alpha$ Cen data well. ",
"This is a very sensible result, because the two $\\alpha$ Cen stars individually have coronae with solar-like temperatures and X-ray luminosities [@mh99] but collectively have about twice the surface area of the Sun, assuming radii of 1.20 R$_{\\odot}$ and 0.90 R$_{\\odot}$ for $\\alpha$ Cen A and $\\alpha$ Cen B, respectively [@dp99]. ",
"The $0.2~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$ model is the only model that does not produce too much absorption to be consistent with the Proxima Cen data, and therefore represents an upper limit for Proxima Cen’s mass-loss rate ($\\dot{M}\\leq 0.2~\\dot{M}_{\\odot}$). ",
"Despite this low value Proxima Cen’s mass loss per unit surface area could still be as much as 8 times larger than the Sun, since Proxima Cen’s radius of 0.16 R$_{\\odot}$ [@pmp93] implies a surface area about 40 times smaller than that of the Sun.",
"\n\nWe should point out that our mass-loss estimates may contain sizable systematic errors since our technique of applying solar wind models with rescaled densities to stellar winds relies on significant assumptions about the applicability of these models to other stars. ",
"For example, we assume that the stellar winds have the same velocity as the solar wind at 1 AU ($v=400$ km s$^{-1}$). ",
"To first order, the size of an astrosphere and the column density of astrospheric absorption should scale with the square root of the wind ram pressure, $P_{wind}$ [@bew98]. ",
"Since $P_{wind}\\propto \\dot{M} v$, our mass loss estimates will vary inversely with the assumed wind speed. ",
"For the $\\alpha$ Cen stars, a wind velocity equivalent to that of the Sun is clearly the best assumption, since these stars and their coronae (where the winds are accelerated) are very solar-like. ",
"However, Proxima Cen’s corona has a significantly higher temperature and X-ray surface flux than the Sun [@mh99], so its wind velocity is more likely to be different.",
"\n\nThe low mass-loss rate that we find for Proxima Cen is not surprising in the sense that Proxima Cen is much smaller and dimmer than the $\\alpha$ Cen stars and the Sun. ",
"However, like many M dwarf stars it has a surprisingly active corona that produces large flares, and it has a quiescent X-ray luminosity about equal to that of the Sun and $\\alpha$ Cen [@mh99]. ",
"Since the winds of cool main sequence stars are accelerated in the corona, one might therefore expect that Proxima Cen’s wind might be as strong or stronger than that of $\\alpha$ Cen and the Sun. ",
"Indeed, it has been proposed that the large flares on active M dwarfs like Proxima Cen should induce very large mass loss rates [@gdc76; @djm92]. ",
"Our observations suggest that this is not the case. ",
"However, general conclusions about the mass-loss rates of active M dwarfs should await observations of additional active M stars, especially since Proxima Cen’s activity level is quite modest compared to many M dwarfs.",
"\n\nSupport for this work was provided by NASA grants NAG5-9041 and S-56500-D to the University of Colorado.",
"\n\nBaranov, V. B., & Malama, Y. G. 1995, J. Geophys.",
" Res., ",
"100, 14755 Brown, A., Vealé, A., Judge, P., Bookbinder, J. A., & Hubeny, I. 1990, ApJ, 361, 220 Coleman, G. D., & Worden, S. P. 1976, ApJ, 205, 475 Drake, S. A., Simon, T., & Brown, A. 1993, ApJ, 406, 247 Dring, A. R., Linsky, J. L., Murthy, J., Henry, R. C., Moos, W., Vidal-Madjar, A., Audouze, J., & Landsman, W. 1997, ApJ, 488, 760 Gaidos, E. J., Güdel, M., & Blake, G. A. 2000, Geophys.",
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"27, 501 Gayley, K. G., Zank, G. P., Pauls, H. L., Frisch, P. C., & Welty, D. E. 1997, ApJ, 487, 259 Hünsch, M., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Sterzik, M. F., & Voges, W. 1999, A&AS, 135, 319 Izmodenov, V. V., Lallement, R., & Malama, Y. G. 1999, A&A, 342, L13 Lallement, R., & Bertin, P. 1992, A&A, 266, 479 Lazarus, A. J., & McNutt, R. L., Jr. 1990, in Physics of the Outer Heliosphere, ed. ",
"S. Grzedzielski & D. E. Page (New York: Pergamon), 229 Lim, J., & White, S. M. 1996, ApJ, 462, L91 Lim, J., White, S. M., & Cully, S. L. 1996a, ApJ, 461, 1009 Lim, J., White, S. M., & Slee, O. B. 1996b, ApJ, 460, 976 Lindler, D. 1999, CALSTIS Reference Guide (Greenbelt: NASA/LASP) Linsky, J. L. 1998, Space Sci. ",
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[
"Q:\n\nHystrix - how to register ExceptionMapper\n\nMy Hystrix/Feign app makes calls to other web services.",
"\nI would like to propagate error codes/messages from these web services.",
"\nI implemented ErrorDecoder, which correctly decodes exceptions returned and rethrow them.",
"\nUnfortunately these Exceptions are wrapped by HystrixRuntimeException and the JSON returned in not what I want (generic error message, always 500 http status).",
"\nMost likely I need an ExceptionMapper, I created one like this:\n@Provider\npublic class GlobalExceptionHandler implements\n ExceptionMapper<Throwable> {\n\n@Override\npublic Response toResponse(Throwable e) {\n System.out.println(\"ABCD 1\");\n if(e instanceof HystrixRuntimeException){\n System.out.println(\"ABCD 2\");\n if(e.getCause() !",
"= null && e.getCause() instanceof HttpStatusCodeException)\n {\n System.out.println(\"ABCD 3\");\n HttpStatusCodeException exc = (HttpStatusCodeException)e.getCause();\n return Response.status(exc.getStatusCode().value())\n .entity(exc.getMessage())\n .type(MediaType.",
"APPLICATION_JSON).build();\n }\n }\n return Response.status(500).entity(\"Internal server error\").build();\n}\n}\n\nUnfortunately this code is not being picked-up by my application (debug statements are not visible in logs).",
"\nHow could I register it with my Application?",
"\n\nA:\n\nI couldn't make use of an ExceptionMapper.",
"\nI solved this problem using ResponseEntityExceptionHandler.",
"\nHere is the code:\n@EnableWebMvc\n@ControllerAdvice\npublic class ServiceExceptionHandler extends ResponseEntityExceptionHandler {\n\n @ExceptionHandler(HystrixRuntimeException.class)\n @ResponseBody\n ResponseEntity<String> handleControllerException(HttpServletRequest req, Throwable ex) {\n if(ex instanceof HystrixRuntimeException) {\n HttpStatusCodeException exc = (HttpStatusCodeException)ex.getCause();\n return new ResponseEntity<>(exc.getResponseBodyAsString(), exc.getStatusCode());\n }\n return new ResponseEntity<String>(ex.getMessage(), HttpStatus.",
"INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);\n }\n}\n\n"
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[
"Leila Bennett\n\nLeila Bennett (November 17, 1892 – January 5, 1965) was an American film actress who primarily appeared in supporting roles as either slapstick sidekicks, mousy maids, and scatterbrains. ",
"Despite the last name likeness she was in no way related to actresses Constance Bennett, Joan Bennett, and Barbara Bennett.",
"\n\nEarly life \nShe was born in Newark, New Jersey, into a working-class family; her father worked as a newspaper editor and her mother was a part-time stenographer and housewife. ",
"The whole family was affiliated with the church of Christian Science.",
"\n\nActing career \nAfter working through the Harry Blaney Stock Company in Brooklyn, New York, she began her career on the New York stage in 1919 portraying the character of 'Mandy Coulter' in the comedy production Thunder. ",
"She was praised for her role, which was performed in black-face, by the New-York Tribune.",
"\n\nShe also was featured in the plays The First Year (1920–22), The Wheel (1921), Chicken Feed (1923–24), A Holy Terror (1925), It's a Wise Child (1929–30), and, in what was her final stage appearance, Company's Coming (1931). ",
"Following her departure from live theatre in 1931, she continued her craft on the screen making her film debut in an uncredited role in Gentleman's Fate playing a lunch counter attendant. ",
"Her next role came in the film Emma (1932) playing a maid opposite the likes of Marie Dressler and Myrna Loy followed by a role in Taxi! (",
"1932) opposite James Cagney and Loretta Young. ",
"In 1932 alone she appeared in six films; others being The Purchase Price with Barbara Stanwyck, Tiger Shark, and Doctor X with Lee Tracy and Fay Wray. ",
"In 1933, she appeared as Anna May Wong's ladies maid in A Study in Scarlet. ",
"She was very much a freelancer and floated around Hollywood doing numerous films at such studios as Warner Bros., RKO Radio Pictures, Columbia Pictures, and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. ",
"In Mark of the Vampire (1935), she played a \"terrified maid.\" ",
"In 1936 she appeared as Edna Hopper in Fury opposite Spencer Tracy and Sylvia Sidney, providing \"splendid support,\" according to the Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune.",
"\n\nPersonal life and death\nShe was married to Francis M. Keough from 1934 until his death in 1945; Keough had been the main manager of Palm Beach's Beach Club Restaurant and Casino, and she spent her years dividing time between New York City and Florida. ",
"On January 5, 1965, she died at the age of 72 in New York City, New York. ",
"Her funeral was held at The Universal Chapel on 52nd and Lexington Avenue in New York and her interment was at Fairmount Cemetery in Newark, New Jersey with her parents in the family plot (specifically Section F, Lot 157, Grave 3 rear).",
"\n\nFilmography \n\n Gentlemans Fate (1931)\n Emma (1932)\n Taxi! (",
"1932) - Ruby.",
"\n The Purchase Price (1932)\n The First Year (1932)\n Doctor X (1932)\n Tiger Shark (1932)\n No Other Woman (1933)\n Terror Abroad (1933)\n A Study in Scarlet (1933)\n Sunset Pass (1933)\n The Prizefighter and the Lady (1933)\n Easy to Love (1934)\n Once to Every Woman (1934)\n Unknown Blonde (1934)\n Strictly Dynamite (1934)\n Housewife (1934)\n Dames (1934)\n Wagon Wheels (1934)\n One New York Night (1935)\n Mark of the Vampire (1935) - Maria\n Fury (1936)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\nLeila Bennett on IBDb\n\nCategory:1892 births\nCategory:1965 deaths\nCategory:American Christian Scientists\nCategory:Actresses from Newark, New Jersey\nCategory:Actresses from New York City\nCategory:20th-century American actresses\nCategory:American film actresses\nCategory:American women comedians\nCategory:Comedians from New York City\nCategory:20th-century American comedians"
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[
"Q:\n\nHow can I break English L2 pronunciation habits?",
"\n\nI keep making attempts to help L2 English learners break their strange pronunciation habits with tools like phonetic charts, but it seems like they just relapse. ",
"One of the big issues I deal with with L2 English learners in Japan is that they finish words with \"o\". ",
"For example, instead of saying, \"Can you get me that?\" ",
"They say, \"Can you geto me thato?\" ",
"They're trying to enunciate.",
"\nI have a controversial way of teaching pronunciation that ends with consonants that seems to be effective, but people just relapse into the behavior of enunciating with the added o. One of my regular students often uses count pronouns with non-count words and says, 'It's a style of English speaking. ",
"So, it's okay.'",
"\nLet's look at a specific example: walk vs. work. ",
"If you have people sound out 'werk' and 'wok', they sound spot-on. ",
"Unfortunately, after about 5 minutes, they're right back to saying \"WAHELK\" and \"WHORLK\", which just sounds terrible.",
"\nHow can I solidify their pronunciation?",
"\n\nA:\n\nI have a trick I use when learning another language: I speak my language (English) with a strong accent of the target language. ",
"That gets me into the feel, rhythm, where in the mouth I am making sounds, etc. ",
"Then I cut straight over to the target language keeping that feel.",
"\nI've been told by native speakers of all sorts of languages that I say words exactly like a native - with absolutely no detectable accent. ",
"Maybe you could try that.",
"\n\nA:\n\nI have had a similar problem when I was teaching German in Japan. ",
"\nIf the students are old enough you can explain to them that the phonetic pool of English is totally different from the one they have in Japanese, so they need to learn how to pronounce their words from scratch.",
"\nI spent about an hour teaching my student how to pronounce a word he never got right before and when it finally worked, he was really happy - also because he was instantly able to pronounce similar words correctly.",
"\nAnother situation I had was when a student was able to produce the right sound already when combined with other vowels:\nich (\"I\" in German)\necht (\"genuine\", \"true\")\nacht (\"eight\") <--- my student always pronounced the \"ch\" as \"h\" here even though he got it right in the other cases.",
"\nSo I made him say those words in a row \"ich, echt, acht\" to correct the \"acht\".",
"\nI realize this is pretty close to logpedics and speech therapy, but it does work in practise given a student who is intrinsically motivated to learn a language.",
"\n\n"
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[
"Atlanta Symphony Orchestra\n\nArnie Roth, Conductor\n\nGuest vocalist, American recording artist Susan Calloway\n\n\n\n\n\nOn sale NOW AT TICKETMASTER.COM\n\nFriday, June 7th, 2013 8PM\n\nSaturday, June 8th, 2013 8PM\n\n\n\nDistant Worlds returns to Atlanta for two nights only!",
"\n\nCaptivating audiences across the globe, the program features iconic selections from throughout the 25 year catalogue of monumental FINAL FANTASY music. ",
"Don’t miss this unique multimedia experience that includes exclusive breathtaking HD video from the Final Fantasy game developers SQUARE ENIX, renowned vocal and instrumental soloists and the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. ",
"Award –winning Music Director Arnie Roth conducts.",
"\n\nEach evening’s program highlights some of the most beloved songs of the Final Fantasy series, featuring special guest artist Susan Calloway, including FINAL FANTASY IX: Melodies of Life (June 7), FINAL FANTASY XII: Kiss Me Good bye (June 7), FINAL FANTASY X: Suteki da ne (June 7 & 8), FINAL FANTASY XI: Memoro de la Stono ~ Distant Worlds (June 8), and FINAL FANTASY VIII: Eyes On Me (June 8).",
"\n\nTicket Price (USD): $40 to $90\n\nSpecial $90 VIP tickets include:\n\n• Premium Orchestra Level seating for the performance\n\n• Meet with conductor Arnie Roth and American recording artist: Susan Calloway\n\n• Autograph session and photo opportunity\n\n• Official Concert Tour booklet including images from Yoshitaka Amano\n\nJune 7 Highlights Include:\n\nFINAL FANTASY IX: Melodies of Life (June 7 only!)",
"\n\nFINAL FANTASY XII: Kiss Me Good bye (June 7 only!)",
"\n\nFINAL FANTASY VII: Opening – Bombing Mission\n\nFINAL FANTASY XI: Vana’diel March\n\nFINAL FANTASY X: Zanarkand\n\nFINAL FANTASY X: Suteki da ne\n\nJune 8 Highlights Include:\n\nFINAL FANTASY XI: Distant Worlds (June 8 only!)",
"\n\nFINAL FANTASY VIII: Eyes On Me (June 8 only!)",
"\n\nFINAL FANTASY VII: Opening – Bombing Mission\n\nFINAL FANTASY XI: Vana’diel March\n\nFINAL FANTASY X: Zanarkand\n\nFINAL FANTASY X: Suteki da ne\n\n(Programs subject to change.)"
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"Q:\n\nHow can I change the url for a project in GitLab?",
"\n\nI have a project in Gitlab that is available over HTTP/SSH:\ngit@192.168.1.10:MyGroup/MyProject.git\n\nI want to change that using another IP, i.e.:\ngit@192.168.1.20:MyGroup/MyProject.git\n\nWhere or how can I change that?",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can use below command to set new URL for your repository.",
"\ngit remote set-url origin git://git@192.168.1.20:MyGroup/MyProject.git\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nHow to store countries and counties list in Umbraco?",
"\n\nWe want to store list of countries and thier counties/states for our latest Umbraco project. ",
"\nThese country and county ids are required in other modules for filtering and searching.",
"\nWe are not using any custom database tables or custom sections all modules.",
"\nOne option we found is to store country and it's counties as Umbraco Content Library nodes, but not sure about the performance impact.",
"\nIs there any other suitable way to overcome this situation? ",
"\n\nA:\n\nUmbraco content library nodes are perfect for this:\n\nThe number of countries is limited, therefore no risk of having thousands of entries all of a sudden\nThe data is probably not updated frequently.",
"\nThis will be published to umbraco.config which is accessible via xslt and cached in memory - performance impact: very fast!",
"\nStates can be stored as child nodes of each country\nOther content nodes can be linked with built-in content pickers to countries/states (and filter/search etc).",
"\nIntegrated Umbraco functionality (publishing, node order, etc.) ",
"can be used since they are just nodes\nNo need for a developer to add a state/country (though you probably want to import the first batch...)\n\nYou may consider grouping countries in regions (or similar) because approx. ",
"250 nodes is still a lot of nodes to look through in the content library.",
"\n\n"
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"The advice I read yesterday, was to hire based on attitude, not aptitude, as skills can be taught, but passion and vision cannot. ",
"I disagree. ",
"A medium size company wanting an environment of passion and vision would definitely need an executive team of passionate visionaries with compatible passions and vision. ",
"That’s where it all begins, and they then have to inspire the workforce to join with them with similar passion and vision – for the same things. ",
"Passion and vision is not enough, it has be compatible with the organization. ",
"Because it is specific, it can be taught – the principles at least. ",
"More realistically, the passion and vision would have to be inspired, and the executive team would be the inspirers, the respected and beloved leaders. ",
"A very tough challenge, but if the executives have the right temperament and dynamic qualities (attitude) it could work.",
"\n\nYou would still need to hire or appoint the executives based on their skills. ",
"They must have the best skills to run the business and make superb decisions at every point. ",
"A passionate team that does not know what it is doing, will not inspire passion in others – employees will shake their heads in disbelief and not want to be drawn in to a losing formula. ",
"Employees are more likely to develop passion in their opposition and lack of respect for the direction of the executives. ",
"It can go either way depending on the circumstances. ",
"To ensure the circumstances are correct, we need to hire executives for their business and people skills and leadership ability to inspire passion.",
"\n\nMaybe (looking at more junior positions) the employees and managers had been hired for the passion they showed at the interview and possibly the passion was real. ",
"Passion, however, is not transferable. ",
"It is very individual and may have little to do with work– it could even be passion against big business. ",
"The person with passion (whatever subject) may, at the interview, be very good in redirecting that passion in the way he/she thinks will impress the interviewer, but more as a role play. ",
"At work, the person with passion may have a high capability of becoming passionate about the business. ",
"The middle management group, in particular, will follow the lead of the executives and be able to detect if the executives are truly sincere. ",
"If the executives are not sincere, the managers will similarly play a role laced with feigned passion and often contradictory, as is common in many organizations. ",
"They may also become very angry with the employees if they are not showing TRUE passion and acting as visionaries – making brilliant suggestions etc.",
"\n\nThe highest potential for passion, however, is at the regular employee level. ",
"Placing all the emphasis on hiring people with great attitude is not the best formula, particularly if they have been satisfied in another environment that may now be an idealized comparator. ",
"They should be hired for their ability to perform the job. ",
"Doing well in the job and working in a great environment is a good formula to ignite some passion. ",
"Failing in the job will dissipate enthusiasm and the great attitude could turn sour.",
"\n\nThe employees with the greatest potential for passion are those who have been given hope, some for the first time, after long periods of disappointment, rejection, and disillusionment. ",
"Candidates who, for various reasons, are rarely selected, although their qualifications are excellent. ",
"The company looking for passion has to give employees something to be passionate about and hiring fairly based on the job requirements is a good start. ",
"If you are looking to import passion, you are unlikely to hire these people, but if your company, founded on passion, meets needs and inspires confidence of regular people, their passion will follow and be sincere and unqualified in an environment of mutual trust.",
"\n\nGreat leaders in society, now and in the past, gave hope to the masses and inspired them to listen and follow and pass on the message. ",
"If through fair hiring practices we hire people of many different backgrounds, age, sex, race etc. , ",
"and give them passion for our organization through our great practices and great leadership, it will directly and indirectly give passion and following (including sales) within the communities we represent.",
"\n\nIf we can hire from the widest pool of candidates (we could use outreach) and transform people from society rejects to super performers, we will be ahead of the competition and beloved by all. ",
"It is not easy, but history has shown it is the right way – appeal to the uncommitted and earn their support and passion. ",
"It is not easy, but may well be worth the investment, including a strong, capable HR Department that is responsive to needs. ",
"The success and sustainability of the organization may also be guaranteed (as far as possible) by the commitment and passion of the employees to do whatever they can to ensure the company they love will never fail.",
"\n\nSome name\n\nIndependent Human Resources Professional located in Toronto, Canada and providing a full range of Human Resources services including small business support and acting as a Volunteer Community Mediator.",
"\n\nThank you so much. ",
"I think I am also an example of someone who was shown the way and taught that all the excitement and desire to make things happen needs to be focused in a special way to make sure it is fulfilled passion and not \"head against the wall\" frustration.",
"\n\nYour line that really struck me was \"This was also someone who can work within a system that is shockingly stuck in its way of doing things\". ",
"I learned that waiting to be noticed is too optimistic. ",
"I learned some basic politics and what can work in an imperfect organizational system (without compromising too much). ",
"Most of all I learned how to effectively find my way around and work within a system shockingly stuck in its ways and actually make things happen that people liked and wanted to be part of. ",
"It was a great feeling and I do thank my early mentor for teaching me the real \"reality\". ",
"My career went in a different direction, but I remained in contact with him until he died about two years ago.",
"\n\nThank you so much, Susan, for sharing your experience in such a helpful way and for such excellent and helpful points.",
"\n\n\"\nThe employees with the greatest potential for passion are those who have been given hope, some for the first time, after long periods of disappointment, rejection, and disillusionment. ",
"Candidates who, for various reasons, are rarely selected, although their qualifications are excellent.\"",
"\n\nA very true statement, Ian. ",
"I think I fall into that category. ",
"I am passionate about HR and its various fields and want to inspire those around me. ",
"People talk about being passionate about their jobs, their field, and that's good; however, that passion needs to be demonstrated by \"MEETING NEEDS, GIVING HOPE AND SHOWING RESPECT AND TRUST...” And that must be done day in and day out.",
"\n\nI had the great fortune of whiling away my time for the first several months of my most current job. ",
"By and by, the Manager took a sick leave (to retire later due to health reasons) and a new Manager was brought it on a temporary basis. ",
"What a firecracker! ",
"This was someone I wanted to work for and with. ",
"This was someone who would see my potential and allow me to grow (and she has). ",
"This was also someone who can work within a system that is shockingly stuck in its way of doing things; that has groups of people (similar to unions as they negotiate processes and procedures) decide how things will be and don't seem too interested in changing. ",
"My passion has abated just a bit. ",
"I still want to do my best, meet the needs of my organization, provide hope to the customers that the job will get done (right) and show respect. ",
"But it is harder. ",
"I must be one of those who is always railing against the tide, wanting to change thing for the better (well, at least in my mind).",
"\n\nPassion and vision can be shared and by sharing absorbed (taught) and that passion and vision can spread. ",
"We need more teachable moments in the workplace--ones that not just teach a process but also demonstrate a passion for the job and a vision for the company. ",
"I know they exist and I know there are folks out there who want to share."
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"Q:\n\nNon-standard file/directory found at top level: 'README.Rmd' persists even after implementing suggested solutions\n\nI am working on a package and running R CMD CHECK on it using devtools::check() produces the following NOTE:\n> checking top-level files ... NOTE\n Non-standard file/directory found at top level:\n 'README.Rmd'\n\nA variant of this question has been raised before (NOTE or WARNING from package check when README.md includes images), but that solution provided therein hasn't worked for me. ",
"\nHere is my .Rbuildignore file. ",
"As has been suggested, I have included ^README-.*\\.png$:\n^.*\\.Rproj$\n^\\.Rproj\\.user$\n^CONDUCT\\.md$\n^\\.travis\\.yml$\n^README-.*\\.png$\n^cran-comments\\.md$\n\nAdditionally, my README.Rmd document has the following chunk, which saves all figures in /man/figures/\n{r, echo = FALSE}\nknitr::opts_chunk$set(\n collapse = TRUE,\n comment = \"#>\",\n fig.path = \"man/figures/README-\"\n)\n\nIf you need more details about the .Rmd file, it's here:\nhttps://github.com/IndrajeetPatil/ggstatsplot/blob/master/README.Rmd\nGiven that it's better to get rid of all possible NOTES to successfully pass CRAN's R CMD CHECK, how can I avoid this particular NOTE?",
"\n\nA:\n\nTo exclude the file README.Rmd from the tarball created by R, add \n^README.Rmd\n\nto the file .Rbuildignore you already have. ",
" \"Writing R Extensions\" has more, should you need it.",
"\n\n"
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"package(default_visibility = [\"//visibility:public\"])\n\nload(\n \"@io_bazel_rules_go//go:def.bzl\",\n \"go_library\",\n)\n\ngo_library(\n name = \"go_default_library\",\n srcs = [\n \"fav.go\",\n \"http.go\",\n ],\n importpath = \"go-common/app/service/main/favorite/server/http\",\n tags = [\"automanaged\"],\n visibility = [\"//visibility:public\"],\n deps = [\n \"//app/service/main/favorite/conf:go_default_library\",\n \"//app/service/main/favorite/model:go_default_library\",\n \"//app/service/main/favorite/service:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/ecode:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/log:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/log/anticheat:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/net/http/blademaster:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/net/http/blademaster/middleware/antispam:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/net/http/blademaster/middleware/supervisor:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/net/http/blademaster/middleware/verify:go_default_library\",\n \"//library/xstr:go_default_library\",\n ],\n)\n\nfilegroup(\n name = \"package-srcs\",\n srcs = glob([\"**\"]),\n tags = [\"automanaged\"],\n visibility = [\"//visibility:private\"],\n)\n\nfilegroup(\n name = \"all-srcs\",\n srcs = [\":package-srcs\"],\n tags = [\"automanaged\"],\n visibility = [\"//visibility:public\"],\n)\n"
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"Don't Miss a Deal!",
"\n\nWine Racks and Shelves\n\nKeep Bottles Stored at the Proper Angle with a Wire Wine Rack\n\nKeep your signature riesling, rose, and other vino varieties safely stored out of harm's way with a wire wine rack. ",
"Due to wine's delicate nature, it's important to store bottles slightly tilted on their sides to keep corks moist and airtight. ",
"Our wine storage racks are available in a variety of capacities that are perfect for establishments that store a small or large amount of wine.",
"\n\nNot only does a wine storage rack keep bottles tidy, but it also helps enhance the wine’s aroma and flavor by holding it at the proper angle to keep the corks from leaking. ",
"These open-wire shelves also permit air flow to help maintain constant, cool temperatures. ",
"Some of these wire wine racks also have secure side panels that prevent bottles from falling. ",
"Whether you run a restaurant or a vineyard, these storage racks are great for keeping your business organized and your wine flavorful."
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"A unified theory of all-or-none and incremental learning processes via a new application of study-test-rest presentation programs and psychophysiological measures.",
"\nThe all-or-none (AON) versus incremental learning debate was newly examined using heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR) under varied study-test-rest (STR) presentation programs. ",
"Fifty university students learned a list of 20 consonant-vowel-consonant-2-digit pairs in a simple learning situation. ",
"Three item types were analyzed: items learned, never learned, and in-between. ",
"Learning performance moved from the unlearned to the learned state in one jump in the AON fashion, despite nonsignificant incremental trends during some precriterion trials. ",
"New HR and GSR phenomena were unveiled: Persistent relaxation occurred abruptly a few trials before actual learning. ",
"The relaxation attained unconsciously, after intense conscious effort, might facilitate mastery. ",
"Unlearned items lacked such jumps for all 3 response measures. ",
"Of all conditions examined, STTTTTTT produced the most efficient learning with the greatest attention (HR), most relaxation (GSR), and least test anxiety (interprogram comparisons). ",
"By using Estes' mathematical derivations, a unified theory is advocated: AON learning can be regarded as a special case of incremental learning. ",
"The former is associated with very simple learning situations, whereas the latter involves complex learning situations. ",
"The 2 positions are not irreconcilable; instead, they represent 2 extremes of such experiments, the simple and complex learning situations."
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"Delivery and Payment\n\nLocal Spring Water – Delivered Fast and Fresh.",
"\n\nWhen you place your initial order we will arrange a suitable time to come and deliver the water and set up a water cooler (if needed). ",
"We will also discuss your delivery schedule where our driver will collect any empty bottles and replace them with full ones.",
"\n\nIf further water is required before your next delivery, contact us and we can arrange for more to be delivered."
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"Swimming pools commonly require a significant amount of maintenance. ",
"Beyond the treatment and filtration of pool water, the bottom wall (the “floor”) and side walls of a pool (the floor and the side walls collectively, the “walls” of the pool) are scrubbed regularly. ",
"Additionally, leaves and other debris often times elude a pool filtration system and settle on the bottom of the pool, get stuck at the pool waterline, or float on the pool water surface.",
"\nAutomated pool cleaning devices, e.g., swimming pool cleaners, have been developed to routinely navigate about the pool walls, cleaning as they go. ",
"A rotating cylindrical roller (formed of foam and/or provided with a brush) can be included on the bottom of the pool cleaner to scrub the pool walls, while a pump system continuously circulates water through a filter assembly of the pool cleaner capturing debris and any suspended particulate therein. ",
"The pool cleaner lengthens the life of the main pool filter (e.g., a sand, diatomaceous earth (D.E.), or cartridge filter) in fluid communication with the fluid circulation line of the swimming pool, and reduces the time between changes or backwash cycles of the main filter.",
"\nThe pool cleaner's filter assembly often includes traditional filter elements, such as bags, mesh, baskets, etc., ",
"that are utilized to trap any debris and particulate removed from a pool surface by the cleaner. ",
"These traditional filter elements generally have limited surface area that can quickly become clogged or occluded by the debris and particulate that they are utilized to contain. ",
"As the filter elements become clogged the cleaner can start to operate improperly, for example, the cleaner may lose suction performance. ",
"Once the filter elements have become sufficiently clogged, or have been occluded to a point that cleaner performance has been reduced below a desired level, the filter elements have to be cleaned or replaced. ",
"This can often occur prior to the debris retention area of a pool cleaner being completely full. ",
"That is, the surface of the bag, mesh, or basket can become clogged prior to the debris retention volume thereof being filled to capacity. ",
"Further, to rinse or replace the filter elements, or empty the basket, a user will often have to directly handle the filter element and subsequently debris, and in the case of a basket, will have to open a lid of the cleaner to retrieve the basket from within the unit and spray the basket with water which may result in debris and water getting on them.",
"\nDuring cleaning, the pool cleaner will traverse the pool surfaces brushing or scrubbing the debris therefrom, often encountering obstacles, such as lights, drains, etc., ",
"along the way. ",
"These obstacles can cause the cleaner to get stuck for the duration of a cleaning period, resulting in the pool being only partially cleaned.",
"\nWhat is needed in the art is an automatic swimming pool cleaner that debris is easily cleaned from, enhances filtering operation, and/or traversal through the pool. ",
"These and other needs are addressed by the swimming pool cleaner of the present disclosure."
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"RequiredNonNullable<NonNullable<T[P]>>\n};\n"
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"Email Share 2K Shares\n\nThe Obama administration is set to re-examine the ban that prohibits Medicare from covering gender reassignment surgery, according to a memorandum obtained Tuesday by the Washington Blade.",
"\n\nThe document from the Department of Health & Human Services, dated Dec. 2, finds that the reasoning for the ban is “not complete and adequate” to support denying Medicare coverage for transgender people seeking the procedure.",
"\n\nThe HHS Department Appeals Board states the ban — which is codified as National Coverage Determination 140.3 — “fails to account for development in the care and treatment” for transgender people over the course of the last 30 years.",
"\n\nThe next step, the memo states, is proceeding into a “discovery” phase for the taking of evidence to determine whether the ban can be justified.",
"\n\nMara Keisling, executive director of the National Center for Transgender Equality, said “there really isn’t that much to say” at this point in the process.",
"\n\n“This is really a preliminary step,” Keisling said. “",
"It’s a good sign, but we have more to go on this.”",
"\n\nMasen Davis, executive director of the Transgender Law Center, was optimistic the ban would be lifted following the discovery process.",
"\n\n“Current Medicare standards are based on science from the 1960s, so it’s about time for a review,” Davis said. “",
"Because the current scientific evidence overwhelmingly shows that sex-reassignment surgeries are effective and medically necessary treatments for some transgender individuals, we are hopeful the board will find the exclusion is not supported.”",
"\n\nThe DAB initiated the review of the ban on Medicare-provided gender reassignment surgery in response to a request filed in March by a quartet of LGBT advocates: the National Center for Lesbian Rights, the American Civil Liberties Union, Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders and civil rights attorney Mary Lou Boelcke.",
"\n\nThe challenge was filed on behalf of Denee Mallon, a 73-year-old transgender woman in Albuquerque, N.M. A Medicare recipient, Mallon was recommended to have gender reassignment surgery by doctors to treat her gender dysphoria\n\nIn a joint statement provided to the Washington Blade in response to the HHS memorandum, the ACLU, NCLR and GLAD expressed optimism that DAB would come to the conclusion after discovery that the ban on Medicare-provided gender reassignment surgery should be lifted.",
"\n\n“Because the current evidence overwhelmingly shows that sex-reassignment surgeries are effective and medically necessary treatments for some individuals with gender dysphoria, we are hopeful the Board will find the exclusion is not supported,” the statement says.",
"\n\nAccording to the memorandum, the ban was put in place in 1989 as a result of a 1981 report from the National Center for Health Care Technology, an arm of HHS. ",
"The report concluded “transsexual surgery not be covered by Medicare at this time” because of the high rate of complications and questions about whether it was effective in treating gender identity disorder.",
"\n\n“Transsexual surgery for sex reassignment of transsexuals is controversial,” the regulation states. “",
"Because of the lack of well controlled, long term studies of the safety and effectiveness of the surgical procedures and attendant therapies for transsexualism, the treatment is considered experimental. ",
"Moreover, there is a high rate of serious complications for these surgical procedures. ",
"For these reasons, transsexual surgery is not covered.”",
"\n\nDespite the institution of this policy, the American Medical Association and the American Psychological Association support gender reassignment surgery for transgender people as a means to treat gender identity disorder.",
"\n\nNotably, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid didn’t put up a fight in response to the request from LGBT advocates to lift the ban. ",
"According to the memo, CMS notified the board in June that it wouldn’t submit a response to their request to lift the ban.",
"\n\nNeither HHS nor CMS responded to the Blade’s request for comment on the determination or why it declined to defend the ban.",
"\n\nIt’s unclear when the discovery period for reevaluating the ban on Medicare-provided gender reassignment surgery will come to an end. ",
"Shawn Jain, a spokesperson f0r the ACLU, said his organization doesn’t know when the process will be complete."
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"/// low level access to network Sockets for the Win32 platform\r\n// - this unit is a part of the freeware Synopse framework,\r\n// licensed under a MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license; version 1.18\r\nunit SynWinSock;\r\n\r\n{\r\n This file is part of Synopse framework.",
"\r\n\r\n Synopse framework. ",
"Copyright (C) 2020 Arnaud Bouchez\r\n Synopse Informatique - https://synopse.info\r\n\r\n *** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****\r\n Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1\r\n\r\n The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version\r\n 1.1 (the \"License\"); you may not use this file except in compliance with\r\n the License. ",
"You may obtain a copy of the License at\r\n http://www.mozilla.org/MPL\r\n\r\n Software distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" basis,\r\n WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. ",
"See the License\r\n for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.",
"\r\n\r\n The Original Code is Synapse library.",
"\r\n\r\n The Initial Developer of the Original Code is Lukas Gebauer (Czech Republic).",
"\r\n Portions created by Lukas Gebauer are Copyright (C) 2003.",
"\r\n All Rights Reserved.",
"\r\n\r\n Portions created by Arnaud Bouchez are Copyright (C) 2020 Arnaud Bouchez.",
"\r\n All Rights Reserved.",
"\r\n\r\n Contributor(s):\r\n - Arnaud Bouchez, Jan 2009, for SynCrtSock: see https://synopse.info\r\n Delphi 2009/2010 compatibility (Jan 2010): the WinSock library\r\n expects Ansi encoded parameters\r\n - Svetozar Belic (transmogrifix)\r\n\r\n Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of\r\n either the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the \"GPL\"), or\r\n the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the \"LGPL\"),\r\n in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead\r\n of those above. ",
"If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only\r\n under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to\r\n use your version of this file under the terms of the MPL, indicate your\r\n decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice\r\n and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. ",
"If you do not delete\r\n the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under\r\n the terms of any one of the MPL, the GPL or the LGPL.",
"\r\n\r\n ***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****\r\n\r\n}\r\n\r\n{.$DEFINE WINSOCK1}\r\n{If you activate this compiler directive, then socket interface level 1.1 is\r\nused instead default level 2.2. ",
"Level 2.2 is not available on old W95, however\r\nyou can install an update from microsoft}\r\n\r\n{.$DEFINE FORCEOLDAPI}\r\n{If you activate this compiler directive, then is allways used old socket API\r\nfor name resolution. ",
"If you leave this directive inactive, then the new API\r\nis used, when running system allows it. ",
"For IPv6 support you must have the new API! }",
"\r\n\r\n{$I Synopse.inc} // define HASINLINE CPU32 CPU64 OWNNORMTOUPPER\r\n\r\ninterface\r\n{$ifdef MSWINDOWS}\r\nuses\r\n SysUtils,\r\n Classes,\r\n Windows;\r\n\r\nfunction InitSocketInterface(const stack: TFileName=''): Boolean;\r\nfunction DestroySocketInterface: Boolean;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n{$ifdef WINSOCK1}\r\n WinsockLevel = $0101;\r\n{$ELSE}\r\n WinsockLevel = $0202;\r\n{$endif}\r\n\r\ntype\r\n u_char = AnsiChar;\r\n u_short = Word;\r\n u_int = integer;\r\n u_long = Longint;\r\n pu_long = ^u_long;\r\n pu_short = ^u_short;\r\n {$ifdef FPC}\r\n TSocket = PtrInt;\r\n {$else}\r\n {$ifdef UNICODE}\r\n TSocket = NativeInt;\r\n {$else}\r\n TSocket = integer;\r\n {$endif UNICODE}\r\n {$endif}\r\n\r\n\r\nconst\r\n {$ifdef WINSOCK1}\r\n DLLStackName: PChar = 'wsock32.dll';\r\n {$ELSE}\r\n DLLStackName: PChar = 'ws2_32.dll';\r\n {$endif}\r\n DLLwship6: PChar = 'wship6.dll';\r\n DLLSecur32: PChar = 'secur32.dll';\r\n\r\n cLocalhost = '127.0.0.1';\r\n cAnyHost = '0.0.0.0';\r\n cBroadcast = '255.255.255.255';\r\n c6Localhost = '::1';\r\n c6AnyHost = '::0';\r\n c6Broadcast = 'ffff::1';\r\n cAnyPort = '0';\r\n\r\n\r\nconst\r\n FD_SETSIZE = 64;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n PFDSet = ^TFDSet;\r\n TFDSet = record\r\n fd_count: u_int;\r\n fd_array: array[0..FD_SETSIZE-1] of TSocket;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n FIONREAD = $4004667f;\r\n FIONBIO = $8004667e;\r\n FIOASYNC = $8004667d;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n PTimeVal = ^TTimeVal;\r\n TTimeVal = record\r\n tv_sec: Longint;\r\n tv_usec: Longint;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n IPPROTO_IP = 0;\t\t{ Dummy\t\t\t\t\t}\r\n IPPROTO_ICMP = 1;\t\t{ Internet Control Message Protocol }\r\n IPPROTO_IGMP = 2;\t\t{ Internet Group Management Protocol}\r\n IPPROTO_TCP = 6;\t\t{ TCP \t\t\t}\r\n IPPROTO_UDP = 17;\t{ User Datagram Protocol\t\t}\r\n IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41;\r\n IPPROTO_ICMPV6 = 58;\r\n\r\n IPPROTO_RAW = 255;\r\n IPPROTO_MAX = 256;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n\r\n PInAddr = ^TInAddr;\r\n TInAddr = packed record\r\n case integer of\r\n 0: (S_bytes: packed array [0..3] of byte);\r\n 1: (S_addr: u_long);\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PSockAddrIn = ^TSockAddrIn;\r\n TSockAddrIn = packed record\r\n case integer of\r\n 0: (sin_family: u_short;\r\n sin_port: u_short;\r\n sin_addr: TInAddr;\r\n sin_zero: array[0..7] of AnsiChar);\r\n 1: (sa_family: u_short;\r\n sa_data: array[0..13] of AnsiChar)\r\n end;\r\n\r\n TIP_mreq = record\r\n imr_multiaddr: TInAddr; { IP multicast address of group }\r\n imr_interface: TInAddr; { local IP address of interface }\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PInAddr6 = ^TInAddr6;\r\n TInAddr6 = packed record\r\n case integer of\r\n 0: (S6_addr: packed array [0..15] of byte);\r\n 1: (u6_addr8: packed array [0..15] of byte);\r\n 2: (u6_addr16: packed array [0..7] of word);\r\n 3: (u6_addr32: packed array [0..3] of integer);\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PSockAddrIn6 = ^TSockAddrIn6;\r\n TSockAddrIn6 = packed record\r\n\t\tsin6_family: u_short; // AF_INET6\r\n\t\tsin6_port: u_short; // Transport level port number\r\n\t\tsin6_flowinfo: u_long;\t // IPv6 flow information\r\n\t\tsin6_addr: TInAddr6; // IPv6 address\r\n\t\tsin6_scope_id: u_long; // Scope Id: IF number for link-local\r\n // SITE id for site-local\r\n end;\r\n\r\n TIPv6_mreq = record\r\n ipv6mr_multiaddr: TInAddr6; // IPv6 multicast address.",
"\r\n ipv6mr_interface: integer; // Interface index.",
"\r\n padding: integer;\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PHostEnt = ^THostEnt;\r\n THostEnt = packed record\r\n h_name: PAnsiChar;\r\n h_aliases: ^PAnsiChar;\r\n h_addrtype: Smallint;\r\n h_length: Smallint;\r\n case integer of\r\n 0: (h_addr_list: ^PAnsiChar);\r\n 1: (h_addr: ^PInAddr);\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PNetEnt = ^TNetEnt;\r\n TNetEnt = packed record\r\n n_name: PAnsiChar;\r\n n_aliases: ^PAnsiChar;\r\n n_addrtype: Smallint;\r\n n_net: u_long;\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PServEnt = ^TServEnt;\r\n TServEnt = packed record\r\n s_name: PAnsiChar;\r\n s_aliases: ^PAnsiChar;\r\n s_port: Smallint;\r\n s_proto: PAnsiChar;\r\n end;\r\n\r\n PProtoEnt = ^TProtoEnt;\r\n TProtoEnt = packed record\r\n p_name: PAnsiChar;\r\n p_aliases: ^PAnsiChar;\r\n p_proto: Smallint;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n INADDR_ANY = $00000000;\r\n INADDR_LOOPBACK = $7F000001;\r\n INADDR_BROADCAST = $FFFFFFFF;\r\n INADDR_NONE = $FFFFFFFF;\r\n ADDR_ANY\t\t = INADDR_ANY;\r\n INVALID_SOCKET\t\t= TSocket(NOT(0));\r\n SOCKET_ERROR\t\t\t= -1;\r\n\r\nConst\r\n {$ifdef WINSOCK1}\r\n IP_OPTIONS = 1;\r\n IP_MULTICAST_IF = 2; { set/get IP multicast interface }\r\n IP_MULTICAST_TTL = 3; { set/get IP multicast timetolive }\r\n IP_MULTICAST_LOOP = 4; { set/get IP multicast loopback }\r\n IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 5; { add an IP group membership }\r\n IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 6; { drop an IP group membership }\r\n IP_TTL = 7; { set/get IP Time To Live }\r\n IP_TOS = 8; { set/get IP Type Of Service }\r\n IP_DONTFRAGMENT = 9; { set/get IP Don't Fragment flag }\r\n {$ELSE}\r\n IP_OPTIONS = 1;\r\n IP_HDRINCL = 2;\r\n IP_TOS = 3; { set/get IP Type Of Service }\r\n IP_TTL = 4; { set/get IP Time To Live }\r\n IP_MULTICAST_IF = 9; { set/get IP multicast interface }\r\n IP_MULTICAST_TTL = 10; { set/get IP multicast timetolive }\r\n IP_MULTICAST_LOOP = 11; { set/get IP multicast loopback }\r\n IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP = 12; { add an IP group membership }\r\n IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP = 13; { drop an IP group membership }\r\n IP_DONTFRAGMENT = 14; { set/get IP Don't Fragment flag }\r\n {$endif}\r\n\r\n IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_TTL = 1; { normally limit m'casts to 1 hop }\r\n IP_DEFAULT_MULTICAST_LOOP = 1; { normally hear sends if a member }\r\n IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS = 20; { per socket; must fit in one mbuf }\r\n\r\n SOL_SOCKET = $ffff; {options for socket level }\r\n{ Option flags per-socket. }",
"\r\n SO_DEBUG = $0001; { turn on debugging info recording }\r\n SO_ACCEPTCONN = $0002; { socket has had listen() }\r\n SO_REUSEADDR = $0004; { allow local address reuse }\r\n SO_KEEPALIVE = $0008; { keep connections alive }\r\n SO_DONTROUTE = $0010; { just use interface addresses }\r\n SO_BROADCAST = $0020; { permit sending of broadcast msgs }\r\n SO_USELOOPBACK = $0040; { bypass hardware when possible }\r\n SO_LINGER = $0080; { linger on close if data present }\r\n SO_OOBINLINE = $0100; { leave received OOB data in line }\r\n SO_DONTLINGER = $ff7f;\r\n{ Additional options. }",
"\r\n SO_SNDBUF = $1001; { send buffer size }\r\n SO_RCVBUF = $1002; { receive buffer size }\r\n SO_SNDLOWAT = $1003; { send low-water mark }\r\n SO_RCVLOWAT = $1004; { receive low-water mark }\r\n SO_SNDTIMEO = $1005; { send timeout }\r\n SO_RCVTIMEO = $1006; { receive timeout }\r\n SO_ERROR = $1007; { get error status and clear }\r\n SO_TYPE = $1008; { get socket type }\r\n{ WinSock 2 extension -- new options }\r\n SO_GROUP_ID = $2001; { ID of a socket group}\r\n SO_GROUP_PRIORITY = $2002; { the relative priority within a group}\r\n SO_MAX_MSG_SIZE = $2003; { maximum message size }\r\n SO_PROTOCOL_INFOA = $2004; { WSAPROTOCOL_INFOA structure }\r\n SO_PROTOCOL_INFOW = $2005; { WSAPROTOCOL_INFOW structure }\r\n SO_PROTOCOL_INFO = SO_PROTOCOL_INFOA;\r\n PVD_CONFIG = $3001; {configuration info for service provider }\r\n{ Option for opening sockets for synchronous access. }",
"\r\n SO_OPENTYPE = $7008;\r\n SO_SYNCHRONOUS_ALERT = $10;\r\n SO_SYNCHRONOUS_NONALERT = $20;\r\n{ Other NT-specific options. }",
"\r\n SO_MAXDG = $7009;\r\n SO_MAXPATHDG = $700A;\r\n SO_UPDATE_ACCEPT_CONTEXT = $700B;\r\n SO_CONNECT_TIME = $700C;\r\n\r\n SOMAXCONN = $7fffffff;\r\n\r\n IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS = 8; // ???",
"\r\n IPV6_MULTICAST_IF = 9; // set/get IP multicast i/f\r\n IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS = 10; // set/get IP multicast ttl\r\n IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP = 11; // set/get IP multicast loopback\r\n IPV6_JOIN_GROUP = 12; // add an IP group membership\r\n IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP = 13; // drop an IP group membership\r\n\r\n MSG_NOSIGNAL = 0;\r\n\r\n // getnameinfo constants\r\n NI_MAXHOST\t = 1025;\r\n NI_MAXSERV\t = 32;\r\n NI_NOFQDN \t = $1;\r\n NI_NUMERICHOST = $2;\r\n NI_NAMEREQD\t = $4;\r\n NI_NUMERICSERV = $8;\r\n NI_DGRAM = $10;\r\n\r\n\r\nconst\r\n SOCK_STREAM = 1; { stream socket }\r\n SOCK_DGRAM = 2; { datagram socket }\r\n SOCK_RAW = 3; { raw-protocol interface }\r\n SOCK_RDM = 4; { reliably-delivered message }\r\n SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5; { sequenced packet stream }\r\n\r\n{ TCP options. }",
"\r\n TCP_NODELAY = $0001;\r\n\r\n{ Address families. }",
"\r\n\r\n AF_UNSPEC = 0; { unspecified }\r\n AF_INET = 2; { internetwork: UDP, TCP, etc. }",
"\r\n AF_INET6 = 23; { Internetwork Version 6 }\r\n AF_MAX = 24;\r\n\r\n{ Protocol families, same as address families for now. }",
"\r\n PF_UNSPEC = AF_UNSPEC;\r\n PF_INET = AF_INET;\r\n PF_INET6 = AF_INET6;\r\n PF_MAX = AF_MAX;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n { Structure used by kernel to store most addresses. }",
"\r\n PSockAddr = ^TSockAddr;\r\n TSockAddr = TSockAddrIn;\r\n\r\n { Structure used by kernel to pass protocol information in raw sockets. }",
"\r\n PSockProto = ^TSockProto;\r\n TSockProto = packed record\r\n sp_family: u_short;\r\n sp_protocol: u_short;\r\n end;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n PAddrInfo = ^TAddrInfo;\r\n TAddrInfo = record\r\n ai_flags: integer; // AI_PASSIVE, AI_CANONNAME, AI_NUMERICHOST.",
"\r\n ai_family: integer; // PF_xxx.",
"\r\n ai_socktype: integer; // SOCK_xxx.",
"\r\n ai_protocol: integer; // 0 or IPPROTO_xxx for IPv4 and IPv6.",
"\r\n ai_addrlen: u_int; // Length of ai_addr.",
"\r\n ai_canonname: PAnsiChar; // Canonical name for nodename.",
"\r\n ai_addr: PSockAddr; // Binary address.",
"\r\n ai_next: PAddrInfo; // Next structure in linked list.",
"\r\n end;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n // Flags used in \"hints\" argument to getaddrinfo().",
"\r\n AI_PASSIVE = $1; // Socket address will be used in bind() call.",
"\r\n AI_CANONNAME = $2; // Return canonical name in first ai_canonname.",
"\r\n AI_NUMERICHOST = $4; // Nodename must be a numeric address AnsiString.",
"\r\n\r\ntype\r\n{ Structure used for manipulating linger option. }",
"\r\n PLinger = ^TLinger;\r\n TLinger = packed record\r\n l_onoff: u_short;\r\n l_linger: u_short;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n\r\n MSG_OOB = $01; // Process out-of-band data.",
"\r\n MSG_PEEK = $02; // Peek at incoming messages.",
"\r\n\r\nconst\r\n\r\n{ All Windows Sockets error constants are biased by WSABASEERR from the \"normal\" }\r\n WSABASEERR = 10000;\r\n\r\n{ Windows Sockets definitions of regular Microsoft C error constants }\r\n\r\n WSAEINTR = (WSABASEERR+4);\r\n WSAEBADF = (WSABASEERR+9);\r\n WSAEACCES = (WSABASEERR+13);\r\n WSAEFAULT = (WSABASEERR+14);\r\n WSAEINVAL = (WSABASEERR+22);\r\n WSAEMFILE = (WSABASEERR+24);\r\n\r\n{ Windows Sockets definitions of regular Berkeley error constants }\r\n\r\n WSAEWOULDBLOCK = (WSABASEERR+35);\r\n WSAEINPROGRESS = (WSABASEERR+36);\r\n WSAEALREADY = (WSABASEERR+37);\r\n WSAENOTSOCK = (WSABASEERR+38);\r\n WSAEDESTADDRREQ = (WSABASEERR+39);\r\n WSAEMSGSIZE = (WSABASEERR+40);\r\n WSAEPROTOTYPE = (WSABASEERR+41);\r\n WSAENOPROTOOPT = (WSABASEERR+42);\r\n WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT = (WSABASEERR+43);\r\n WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT = (WSABASEERR+44);\r\n WSAEOPNOTSUPP = (WSABASEERR+45);\r\n WSAEPFNOSUPPORT = (WSABASEERR+46);\r\n WSAEAFNOSUPPORT = (WSABASEERR+47);\r\n WSAEADDRINUSE = (WSABASEERR+48);\r\n WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL = (WSABASEERR+49);\r\n WSAENETDOWN = (WSABASEERR+50);\r\n WSAENETUNREACH = (WSABASEERR+51);\r\n WSAENETRESET = (WSABASEERR+52);\r\n WSAECONNABORTED = (WSABASEERR+53);\r\n WSAECONNRESET = (WSABASEERR+54);\r\n WSAENOBUFS = (WSABASEERR+55);\r\n WSAEISCONN = (WSABASEERR+56);\r\n WSAENOTCONN = (WSABASEERR+57);\r\n WSAESHUTDOWN = (WSABASEERR+58);\r\n WSAETOOMANYREFS = (WSABASEERR+59);\r\n WSAETIMEDOUT = (WSABASEERR+60);\r\n WSAECONNREFUSED = (WSABASEERR+61);\r\n WSAELOOP = (WSABASEERR+62);\r\n WSAENAMETOOLONG = (WSABASEERR+63);\r\n WSAEHOSTDOWN = (WSABASEERR+64);\r\n WSAEHOSTUNREACH = (WSABASEERR+65);\r\n WSAENOTEMPTY = (WSABASEERR+66);\r\n WSAEPROCLIM = (WSABASEERR+67);\r\n WSAEUSERS = (WSABASEERR+68);\r\n WSAEDQUOT = (WSABASEERR+69);\r\n WSAESTALE = (WSABASEERR+70);\r\n WSAEREMOTE = (WSABASEERR+71);\r\n\r\n{ Extended Windows Sockets error constant definitions }\r\n\r\n WSASYSNOTREADY = (WSABASEERR+91);\r\n WSAVERNOTSUPPORTED = (WSABASEERR+92);\r\n WSANOTINITIALISED = (WSABASEERR+93);\r\n WSAEDISCON = (WSABASEERR+101);\r\n WSAENOMORE = (WSABASEERR+102);\r\n WSAECANCELLED = (WSABASEERR+103);\r\n WSAEEINVALIDPROCTABLE = (WSABASEERR+104);\r\n WSAEINVALIDPROVIDER = (WSABASEERR+105);\r\n WSAEPROVIDERFAILEDINIT = (WSABASEERR+106);\r\n WSASYSCALLFAILURE = (WSABASEERR+107);\r\n WSASERVICE_NOT_FOUND = (WSABASEERR+108);\r\n WSATYPE_NOT_FOUND = (WSABASEERR+109);\r\n WSA_E_NO_MORE = (WSABASEERR+110);\r\n WSA_E_CANCELLED = (WSABASEERR+111);\r\n WSAEREFUSED = (WSABASEERR+112);\r\n\r\n{ Error return codes from gethostbyname() and gethostbyaddr()\r\n (when using the resolver). ",
"Note that these errors are\r\n retrieved via WSAGetLastError() and must therefore follow\r\n the rules for avoiding clashes with error numbers from\r\n specific implementations or language run-time systems.",
"\r\n For this reason the codes are based at WSABASEERR+1001.",
"\r\n Note also that [WSA]NO_ADDRESS is defined only for\r\n compatibility purposes. }",
"\r\n\r\n{ Authoritative Answer: Host not found }\r\n WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND = (WSABASEERR+1001);\r\n HOST_NOT_FOUND = WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND;\r\n{ Non-Authoritative: Host not found, or SERVERFAIL }\r\n WSATRY_AGAIN = (WSABASEERR+1002);\r\n TRY_AGAIN = WSATRY_AGAIN;\r\n{ Non recoverable errors, FORMERR, REFUSED, NOTIMP }\r\n WSANO_RECOVERY = (WSABASEERR+1003);\r\n NO_RECOVERY = WSANO_RECOVERY;\r\n{ Valid name, no data record of requested type }\r\n WSANO_DATA = (WSABASEERR+1004);\r\n NO_DATA = WSANO_DATA;\r\n{ no address, look for MX record }\r\n WSANO_ADDRESS = WSANO_DATA;\r\n NO_ADDRESS = WSANO_ADDRESS;\r\n\r\n EWOULDBLOCK = WSAEWOULDBLOCK;\r\n EINPROGRESS = WSAEINPROGRESS;\r\n EALREADY = WSAEALREADY;\r\n ENOTSOCK = WSAENOTSOCK;\r\n EDESTADDRREQ = WSAEDESTADDRREQ;\r\n EMSGSIZE = WSAEMSGSIZE;\r\n EPROTOTYPE = WSAEPROTOTYPE;\r\n ENOPROTOOPT = WSAENOPROTOOPT;\r\n EPROTONOSUPPORT = WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT;\r\n ESOCKTNOSUPPORT = WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT;\r\n EOPNOTSUPP = WSAEOPNOTSUPP;\r\n EPFNOSUPPORT = WSAEPFNOSUPPORT;\r\n EAFNOSUPPORT = WSAEAFNOSUPPORT;\r\n EADDRINUSE = WSAEADDRINUSE;\r\n EADDRNOTAVAIL = WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL;\r\n ENETDOWN = WSAENETDOWN;\r\n ENETUNREACH = WSAENETUNREACH;\r\n ENETRESET = WSAENETRESET;\r\n ECONNABORTED = WSAECONNABORTED;\r\n ECONNRESET = WSAECONNRESET;\r\n ENOBUFS = WSAENOBUFS;\r\n EISCONN = WSAEISCONN;\r\n ENOTCONN = WSAENOTCONN;\r\n ESHUTDOWN = WSAESHUTDOWN;\r\n ETOOMANYREFS = WSAETOOMANYREFS;\r\n ETIMEDOUT = WSAETIMEDOUT;\r\n ECONNREFUSED = WSAECONNREFUSED;\r\n ELOOP = WSAELOOP;\r\n ENAMETOOLONG = WSAENAMETOOLONG;\r\n EHOSTDOWN = WSAEHOSTDOWN;\r\n EHOSTUNREACH = WSAEHOSTUNREACH;\r\n ENOTEMPTY = WSAENOTEMPTY;\r\n EPROCLIM = WSAEPROCLIM;\r\n EUSERS = WSAEUSERS;\r\n EDQUOT = WSAEDQUOT;\r\n ESTALE = WSAESTALE;\r\n EREMOTE = WSAEREMOTE;\r\n\r\n EAI_ADDRFAMILY = 1; // Address family for nodename not supported.",
"\r\n EAI_AGAIN = 2; // Temporary failure in name resolution.",
"\r\n EAI_BADFLAGS = 3; // Invalid value for ai_flags.",
"\r\n EAI_FAIL = 4; // Non-recoverable failure in name resolution.",
"\r\n EAI_FAMILY = 5; // Address family ai_family not supported.",
"\r\n EAI_MEMORY = 6; // Memory allocation failure.",
"\r\n EAI_NODATA = 7; // No address associated with nodename.",
"\r\n EAI_NONAME = 8; // Nodename nor servname provided, or not known.",
"\r\n EAI_SERVICE = 9; // Servname not supported for ai_socktype.",
"\r\n EAI_SOCKTYPE = 10; // Socket type ai_socktype not supported.",
"\r\n EAI_SYSTEM = 11; // System error returned in errno.",
"\r\n\r\nconst\r\n WSADESCRIPTION_LEN = 256;\r\n WSASYS_STATUS_LEN = 128;\r\n\r\n SHUT_RD = 0;\r\n SHUT_WR = 1;\r\n SHUT_RDWR = 2;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n PWSAData = ^TWSAData;\r\n TWSAData = packed record\r\n wVersion: Word;\r\n wHighVersion: Word;\r\n szDescription: array[0..WSADESCRIPTION_LEN] of AnsiChar;\r\n szSystemStatus: array[0..WSASYS_STATUS_LEN] of AnsiChar;\r\n iMaxSockets: Word;\r\n iMaxUdpDg: Word;\r\n lpVendorInfo: PAnsiChar;\r\n end;\r\n\r\n function IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\n function IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\n function IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\n function IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\n function IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\n function IN6_ADDR_EQUAL(const a: PInAddr6; const b: PInAddr6):boolean;\r\n procedure SET_IN6_IF_ADDR_ANY (const a: PInAddr6);\r\n procedure SET_LOOPBACK_ADDR6 (const a: PInAddr6);\r\nvar\r\n in6addr_any, in6addr_loopback : TInAddr6;\r\n\r\nfunction FD_ISSET(Socket: TSocket; const FDSet: TFDSet): boolean;\r\nprocedure FD_CLR(Socket: TSocket; var FDSet: TFDSet);\r\nprocedure FD_SET(Socket: TSocket; var FDSet: TFDSet);\r\nprocedure FD_ZERO(var FDSet: TFDSet);\r\n\r\n\r\n// poll() emulation via WSAPoll() extension API available since Vista\r\n\r\nconst\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when normal data may be read\r\n POLLRDNORM = $0100;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when priority data may be read\r\n POLLRDBAND = $0200;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when there is data to read\r\n POLLIN = POLLRDNORM or POLLRDBAND;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when there is urgent data to read\r\n POLLPRI = $0400;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when writing now will not block\r\n POLLOUT = $0010;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag error condition (always implicitly polled for)\r\n POLLERR = $0001;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag hung up (always implicitly polled for)\r\n POLLHUP = $0002;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag invalid polling request (always implicitly polled for)\r\n POLLNVAL = $0004;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when writing now will not block\r\n POLLWRNORM = $0010;\r\n // poll/WSAPoll flag when priority data may be written\r\n POLLWRBAND = $0020;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n /// polling request data structure for poll/WSAPoll\r\n TPollFD = record\r\n /// file descriptor to poll\r\n fd: TSocket;\r\n /// types of events poller cares about\r\n // - mainly POLLIN and/or POLLOUT\r\n events: SHORT;\r\n /// types of events that actually occurred\r\n // - caller could just reset revents := 0 to reuse the structure\r\n revents: SHORT;\r\n end;\r\n PPollFD = ^TPollFD;\r\n TPollFDDynArray = array of TPollFD;\r\n\r\n/// Poll the file descriptors described by the NFDS structures starting at fds\r\n// - under Windows, will call WSAPoll() emulation API - see\r\n// https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/wndp/2006/10/26\r\n// - if TIMEOUT is nonzero and not -1, allow TIMEOUT milliseconds for\r\n// an event to occur; if TIMEOUT is -1, block until an event occurs\r\n// - returns the number of file descriptors with events, zero if timed out,\r\n// or -1 for errors\r\n// - before Vista, will return -1 since the API extension was not yet defined\r\n// - in practice, this API is actually slightly SLOWER than optimized Select() :(\r\nfunction poll(fds: PPollFD; nfds, timeout: integer): integer;\r\n\r\n\r\ntype\r\n TWSAStartup = function(wVersionRequired: Word; var WSData: TWSAData): integer; stdcall;\r\n TWSACleanup = function: integer; stdcall;\r\n TWSAGetLastError = function: integer; stdcall;\r\n TGetServByName = function(name, proto: PAnsiChar): PServEnt; stdcall;\r\n TGetServByPort = function(port: integer; proto: PAnsiChar): PServEnt; stdcall;\r\n TGetProtoByName = function(name: PAnsiChar): PProtoEnt; stdcall;\r\n TGetProtoByNumber = function(proto: integer): PProtoEnt; stdcall;\r\n TGetHostByName = function(name: PAnsiChar): PHostEnt; stdcall;\r\n TGetHostByAddr = function(addr: Pointer; len, Struc: integer): PHostEnt; stdcall;\r\n TGetHostName = function(name: PAnsiChar; len: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TShutdown = function(s: TSocket; how: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TSetSockOpt = function(s: TSocket; level, optname: integer; optval: PAnsiChar;\r\n optlen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TGetSockOpt = function(s: TSocket; level, optname: integer; optval: PAnsiChar;\r\n var optlen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TSendTo = function(s: TSocket; Buf: pointer; len, flags: integer; addrto: PSockAddr;\r\n tolen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TSend = function(s: TSocket; Buf: pointer; len, flags: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TRecv = function(s: TSocket; Buf: pointer; len, flags: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TRecvFrom = function(s: TSocket; Buf: pointer; len, flags: integer; from: PSockAddr;\r\n fromlen: PInteger): integer; stdcall;\r\n Tntohs = function(netshort: u_short): u_short; stdcall;\r\n Tntohl = function(netlong: u_long): u_long; stdcall;\r\n TListen = function(s: TSocket; backlog: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TIoctlSocket = function(s: TSocket; cmd: DWORD; var arg: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TInet_ntoa = function(inaddr: TInAddr): PAnsiChar; stdcall;\r\n TInet_addr = function(cp: PAnsiChar): u_long; stdcall;\r\n Thtons = function(hostshort: u_short): u_short; stdcall;\r\n Thtonl = function(hostlong: u_long): u_long; stdcall;\r\n TGetSockName = function(s: TSocket; name: PSockAddr; var namelen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TGetPeerName = function(s: TSocket; name: PSockAddr; var namelen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TConnect = function(s: TSocket; name: PSockAddr; namelen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TCloseSocket = function(s: TSocket): integer; stdcall;\r\n TBind = function(s: TSocket; addr: PSockAddr; namelen: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n TAccept = function(s: TSocket; addr: PSockAddr; var addrlen: integer): TSocket; stdcall;\r\n TTSocket = function(af, Struc, Protocol: integer): TSocket; stdcall;\r\n TSelect = function(nfds: integer; readfds, writefds, exceptfds: PFDSet;\r\n timeout: PTimeVal): Longint; stdcall;\r\n TGetAddrInfo = function(NodeName: PAnsiChar; ServName: PAnsiChar; Hints: PAddrInfo;\r\n var Addrinfo: PAddrInfo): integer; stdcall;\r\n TFreeAddrInfo = procedure(ai: PAddrInfo); stdcall;\r\n TGetNameInfo = function( addr: PSockAddr; namelen: integer; host: PAnsiChar;\r\n hostlen: DWORD; serv: PAnsiChar; servlen: DWORD; flags: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n T__WSAFDIsSet = function (s: TSocket; var FDSet: TFDSet): Bool; stdcall;\r\n TWSAIoctl = function (s: TSocket; dwIoControlCode: DWORD; lpvInBuffer: Pointer;\r\n cbInBuffer: DWORD; lpvOutBuffer: Pointer; cbOutBuffer: DWORD;\r\n lpcbBytesReturned: PDWORD; lpOverlapped: Pointer;\r\n lpCompletionRoutine: pointer): u_int; stdcall;\r\n TWSAPoll = function(fds: PPollFD; nfds, timeout: integer): integer; stdcall;\r\n\r\nvar\r\n WSAStartup: TWSAStartup;\r\n WSACleanup: TWSACleanup;\r\n WSAGetLastError: TWSAGetLastError;\r\n GetServByName: TGetServByName;\r\n GetServByPort: TGetServByPort;\r\n GetProtoByName: TGetProtoByName;\r\n GetProtoByNumber: TGetProtoByNumber;\r\n GetHostByName: TGetHostByName;\r\n GetHostByAddr: TGetHostByAddr;\r\n ssGetHostName: TGetHostName;\r\n Shutdown: TShutdown;\r\n SetSockOpt: TSetSockOpt;\r\n GetSockOpt: TGetSockOpt;\r\n SendTo: TSendTo;\r\n Send: TSend;\r\n Recv: TRecv;\r\n RecvFrom: TRecvFrom;\r\n ntohs: Tntohs;\r\n ntohl: Tntohl;\r\n Listen: TListen;\r\n IoctlSocket: TIoctlSocket;\r\n Inet_ntoa: TInet_ntoa;\r\n Inet_addr: TInet_addr;\r\n htons: Thtons;\r\n htonl: Thtonl;\r\n ssGetSockName: TGetSockName;\r\n ssGetPeerName: TGetPeerName;\r\n ssConnect: TConnect;\r\n CloseSocket: TCloseSocket;\r\n ssBind: TBind;\r\n ssAccept: TAccept;\r\n Socket: TTSocket;\r\n Select: TSelect;\r\n GetAddrInfo: TGetAddrInfo;\r\n FreeAddrInfo: TFreeAddrInfo;\r\n GetNameInfo: TGetNameInfo;\r\n __WSAFDIsSet: T__WSAFDIsSet;\r\n WSAIoctl: TWSAIoctl;\r\n WSAPoll: TWSAPoll;\r\n\r\nvar\r\n SynSockCS: TRTLCriticalSection;\r\n SockEnhancedApi: Boolean;\r\n SockWship6Api: Boolean;\r\n SockSChannelApi: Boolean;\r\n\r\ntype\r\n PVarSin = ^TVarSin;\r\n TVarSin = packed record\r\n case integer of\r\n 0: (AddressFamily: u_short);\r\n 1: (\r\n case sin_family: u_short of\r\n AF_INET: (sin_port: u_short;\r\n sin_addr: TInAddr;\r\n sin_zero: array[0..7] of AnsiChar);\r\n AF_INET6: (sin6_port: u_short;\r\n sin6_flowinfo: u_long;\r\n sin6_addr: TInAddr6;\r\n sin6_scope_id: u_long);\r\n );\r\n end;\r\n\r\nfunction SizeOfVarSin(const sin: TVarSin): integer;\r\n {$ifdef UNICODE}inline;{$endif}\r\n\r\nfunction GetSockName(s: TSocket; var name: TVarSin): integer;\r\nfunction GetPeerName(s: TSocket; var name: TVarSin): integer;\r\nfunction GetHostName: AnsiString;\r\nfunction Bind(s: TSocket; const addr: TVarSin): integer;\r\nfunction Connect(s: TSocket; const name: TVarSin): integer;\r\nfunction Accept(s: TSocket; var addr: TVarSin): TSocket;\r\n\r\nfunction IsNewApi(Family: integer): Boolean;\r\n {$ifdef UNICODE}inline;{$endif}\r\nfunction SetVarSin(var Sin: TVarSin; const IP, Port: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer; PreferIP4: Boolean): integer;\r\nfunction GetSinIP(const Sin: TVarSin): AnsiString;\r\nprocedure GetSinIPShort(const Sin: TVarSin; var result: shortstring);\r\nfunction GetSinPort(const Sin: TVarSin): integer;\r\nprocedure ResolveNameToIP(const Name: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer;\r\n IPList: TStrings; IPListClear: boolean = true);\r\nfunction ResolveIPToName(const IP: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer): AnsiString;\r\nfunction ResolvePort(const Port: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer): Word;\r\n\r\n\r\n{ SChannel low-level API }\r\n\r\ntype\r\n TCredHandle = record\r\n dwLower: pointer;\r\n dwUpper: pointer;\r\n end;\r\n PCredHandle = ^TCredHandle;\r\n\r\n TCtxtHandle = type TCredHandle;\r\n PCtxtHandle = ^TCtxtHandle;\r\n\r\n {$ifdef DELPHI5OROLDER}\r\n PCardinal = ^Cardinal;\r\n {$endif}\r\n\r\n TSChannelCred = record\r\n dwVersion: cardinal;\r\n cCreds: cardinal;\r\n paCred: pointer;\r\n hRootStore: THandle;\r\n cMappers: cardinal;\r\n aphMappers: pointer;\r\n cSupportedAlgs: cardinal;\r\n palgSupportedAlgs: PCardinal;\r\n grbitEnabledProtocols: cardinal;\r\n dwMinimumCipherStrength: cardinal;\r\n dwMaximumCipherStrength: cardinal;\r\n dwSessionLifespan: cardinal;\r\n dwFlags: cardinal;\r\n dwCredFormat: cardinal;\r\n end;\r\n PSChannelCred = ^TSChannelCred;\r\n\r\n TSecBuffer = record\r\n cbBuffer: cardinal;\r\n BufferType: cardinal;\r\n pvBuffer: pointer;\r\n end;\r\n PSecBuffer = ^TSecBuffer;\r\n\r\n TSecBufferDesc = record\r\n ulVersion: cardinal;\r\n cBuffers: cardinal;\r\n pBuffers: PSecBuffer;\r\n end;\r\n PSecBufferDesc = ^TSecBufferDesc;\r\n\r\n TTimeStamp = record\r\n dwLowDateTime: cardinal;\r\n dwHighDateTime: cardinal;\r\n end;\r\n PTimeStamp = ^TTimeStamp;\r\n\r\n TSecPkgContextStreamSizes = record\r\n cbHeader: cardinal;\r\n cbTrailer: cardinal;\r\n cbMaximumMessage: cardinal;\r\n cBuffers: cardinal;\r\n cbBlockSize: cardinal;\r\n end;\r\n PSecPkgContextStreamSizes = ^TSecPkgContextStreamSizes;\r\n\r\n ESChannel = class(Exception);\r\n\r\n {$ifdef USERECORDWITHMETHODS}TSChannelClient = record\r\n {$else}TSChannelClient = object{$endif}\r\n private\r\n Cred: TCredHandle;\r\n Ctxt: TCtxtHandle;\r\n Sizes: TSecPkgContextStreamSizes;\r\n Data, Input: AnsiString;\r\n InputSize, DataPos, DataCount, InputCount: integer;\r\n procedure HandshakeLoop(aSocket: THandle);\r\n procedure AppendData(const aBuffer: TSecBuffer);\r\n public\r\n Initialized: boolean;\r\n procedure AfterConnection(aSocket: THandle; aAddress: PAnsiChar);\r\n procedure BeforeDisconnection(aSocket: THandle);\r\n function Receive(aSocket: THandle; aBuffer: pointer; aLength: integer): integer;\r\n function Send(aSocket: THandle; aBuffer: pointer; aLength: integer): integer;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nvar\r\n AcquireCredentialsHandle: function(pszPrincipal: PAnsiChar;\r\n pszPackage: PAnsiChar; fCredentialUse: cardinal; pvLogonID: PInt64;\r\n pAuthData: PSChannelCred; pGetKeyFn: pointer; pvGetKeyArgument: pointer;\r\n phCredential: PCredHandle; ptsExpiry: PTimeStamp): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n FreeCredentialsHandle: function(phCredential: PCredHandle): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n InitializeSecurityContext: function(phCredential: PCredHandle;\r\n phContext: PCtxtHandle; pszTargetName: PAnsiChar; fContextReq: cardinal;\r\n Reserved1: cardinal; TargetDataRep: cardinal; pInput: PSecBufferDesc;\r\n Reserved2: cardinal; phNewContext: PCtxtHandle; pOutput: PSecBufferDesc;\r\n pfContextAttr: PCardinal; ptsExpiry: PTimeStamp): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n DeleteSecurityContext: function(phContext: PCtxtHandle): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n ApplyControlToken: function(phContext: PCtxtHandle;\r\n pInput: PSecBufferDesc): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n QueryContextAttributes: function(phContext: PCtxtHandle;\r\n ulAttribute: cardinal; pBuffer: pointer): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n FreeContextBuffer: function(pvContextBuffer: pointer): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n EncryptMessage: function(phContext: PCtxtHandle; fQOP: cardinal;\r\n pMessage: PSecBufferDesc; MessageSeqNo: cardinal): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n DecryptMessage: function(phContext: PCtxtHandle; pMessage: PSecBufferDesc;\r\n MessageSeqNo: cardinal; pfQOP: PCardinal): cardinal; stdcall;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1 = $0C0;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_SERVER = $040;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_CLIENT = $080;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_1 = $300;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_1_SERVER = $100;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_1_CLIENT = $200;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_2 = $C00;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_2_SERVER = $400;\r\n SP_PROT_TLS1_2_CLIENT = $800;\r\n\r\n SECPKG_CRED_INBOUND = 1;\r\n SECPKG_CRED_OUTBOUND = 2;\r\n\r\n ISC_REQ_DELEGATE = $00000001;\r\n ISC_REQ_MUTUAL_AUTH = $00000002;\r\n ISC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT = $00000004;\r\n ISC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT = $00000008;\r\n ISC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY = $00000010;\r\n ISC_REQ_USE_SESSION_KEY = $00000020;\r\n ISC_REQ_PROMPT_FOR_CREDS = $00000040;\r\n ISC_REQ_USE_SUPPLIED_CREDS = $00000080;\r\n ISC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY = $00000100;\r\n ISC_REQ_USE_DCE_STYLE = $00000200;\r\n ISC_REQ_DATAGRAM = $00000400;\r\n ISC_REQ_CONNECTION = $00000800;\r\n ISC_REQ_CALL_LEVEL = $00001000;\r\n ISC_REQ_FRAGMENT_SUPPLIED = $00002000;\r\n ISC_REQ_EXTENDED_ERROR = $00004000;\r\n ISC_REQ_STREAM = $00008000;\r\n ISC_REQ_INTEGRITY = $00010000;\r\n ISC_REQ_IDENTIFY = $00020000;\r\n ISC_REQ_NULL_SESSION = $00040000;\r\n ISC_REQ_MANUAL_CRED_VALIDATION = $00080000;\r\n ISC_REQ_RESERVED1 = $00100000;\r\n ISC_REQ_FRAGMENT_TO_FIT = $00200000;\r\n ISC_REQ_FLAGS =\r\n ISC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT or ISC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT or\r\n ISC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY or ISC_REQ_EXTENDED_ERROR or\r\n ISC_REQ_ALLOCATE_MEMORY or ISC_REQ_STREAM;\r\n\r\n SECBUFFER_VERSION = 0;\r\n SECBUFFER_EMPTY = 0;\r\n SECBUFFER_DATA = 1;\r\n SECBUFFER_TOKEN = 2;\r\n SECBUFFER_EXTRA = 5;\r\n SECBUFFER_STREAM_TRAILER = 6;\r\n SECBUFFER_STREAM_HEADER = 7;\r\n\r\n SEC_E_OK = 0;\r\n SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED = $00090312;\r\n SEC_I_RENEGOTIATE = $00090321;\r\n SEC_I_CONTEXT_EXPIRED\t= $00090317;\r\n SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE = $80090318;\r\n SEC_E_INVALID_TOKEN = $80090308;\r\n\r\n UNISP_NAME = 'Microsoft Unified Security Protocol Provider';\r\n SECPKG_ATTR_STREAM_SIZES = 4;\r\n SECURITY_NATIVE_DREP = $10;\r\n SCHANNEL_SHUTDOWN = 1;\r\n{$endif}\r\nimplementation\r\n{$ifdef MSWINDOWS}\r\nvar\r\n SynSockCount: integer;\r\n LibHandle: {$ifdef FPC}TLibHandle{$else}HMODULE{$endif};\r\n Libwship6Handle: {$ifdef FPC}TLibHandle{$else}HMODULE{$endif};\r\n LibSecurHandle: {$ifdef FPC}TLibHandle{$else}HMODULE{$endif};\r\n\r\nfunction IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := ((a^.u6_addr32[0] = 0) and (a^.u6_addr32[1] = 0) and\r\n (a^.u6_addr32[2] = 0) and (a^.u6_addr32[3] = 0));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := ((a^.u6_addr32[0] = 0) and (a^.u6_addr32[1] = 0) and\r\n (a^.u6_addr32[2] = 0) and\r\n (a^.u6_addr8[12] = 0) and (a^.u6_addr8[13] = 0) and\r\n (a^.u6_addr8[14] = 0) and (a^.u6_addr8[15] = 1));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := ((a^.u6_addr8[0] = $FE) and (a^.u6_addr8[1] = $80));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := ((a^.u6_addr8[0] = $FE) and (a^.u6_addr8[1] = $C0));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(const a: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := (a^.u6_addr8[0] = $FF);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction IN6_ADDR_EQUAL(const a: PInAddr6; const b: PInAddr6): boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := (CompareMem(a, b, sizeof(TInAddr6)));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure SET_IN6_IF_ADDR_ANY(const a: PInAddr6);\r\nbegin\r\n FillChar(a^, sizeof(TInAddr6), 0);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure SET_LOOPBACK_ADDR6(const a: PInAddr6);\r\nbegin\r\n FillChar(a^, sizeof(TInAddr6), 0);\r\n a^.u6_addr8[15] := 1;\r\nend;\r\n\r\n// faster purepascal versions of FD_ISSET/FD_CLR/FD_SET/FD_ZERO API functions\r\n\r\nfunction FD_ISSET(Socket: TSocket; const FDSet: TFDSet): boolean;\r\nvar\r\n i: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n result := true;\r\n for i := 0 to FDSet.fd_count - 1 do\r\n if FDSet.fd_array[i] = Socket then\r\n exit; // found item\r\n result := false;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure FD_CLR(Socket: TSocket; var FDSet: TFDSet);\r\nvar\r\n i: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n for i := 0 to FDSet.fd_count - 1 do\r\n if FDSet.fd_array[i] = Socket then begin\r\n dec(FDSet.fd_count);\r\n if i < FDSet.fd_count then\r\n move(FDSet.fd_array[i + 1], FDSet.fd_array[i], (FDSet.fd_count - i) * sizeof(TSocket));\r\n break;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure FD_SET(Socket: TSocket; var FDSet: TFDSet);\r\nvar\r\n i: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n if FDSet.fd_count >= FD_SETSIZE then\r\n exit;\r\n for i := 0 to FDSet.fd_count - 1 do\r\n if FDSet.fd_array[i] = Socket then\r\n exit; // already set\r\n FDSet.fd_array[FDSet.fd_count] := Socket;\r\n inc(FDSet.fd_count);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure FD_ZERO(var FDSet: TFDSet);\r\nbegin\r\n FDSet.fd_count := 0;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction SizeOfVarSin(const sin: TVarSin): integer;\r\nbegin\r\n case sin.sin_family of\r\n AF_INET:\r\n result := SizeOf(TSockAddrIn);\r\n AF_INET6:\r\n result := SizeOf(TSockAddrIn6);\r\n else\r\n result := 0;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction GetSockName(s: TSocket; var name: TVarSin): integer;\r\nvar\r\n len: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n len := SizeOf(name);\r\n FillChar(name, len, 0);\r\n result := ssGetSockName(s, @name, len);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction GetPeerName(s: TSocket; var name: TVarSin): integer;\r\nvar\r\n len: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n len := SizeOf(name);\r\n FillChar(name, len, 0);\r\n result := ssGetPeerName(s, @name, len);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction GetHostName: AnsiString;\r\nvar\r\n s: array[0..255] of AnsiChar;\r\nbegin\r\n ssGetHostName(@s, 255);\r\n result := s;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction Accept(s: TSocket; var addr: TVarSin): TSocket;\r\nvar\r\n x: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n x := SizeOf(addr);\r\n result := ssAccept(s, @addr, x);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction Bind(s: TSocket; const addr: TVarSin): integer;\r\nbegin\r\n result := ssBind(s, @addr, SizeOfVarSin(addr));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction Connect(s: TSocket; const name: TVarSin): integer;\r\nbegin\r\n result := ssConnect(s, @name, SizeOfVarSin(name));\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction IsNewApi(Family: integer): Boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := SockEnhancedApi;\r\n if not result then\r\n result := (Family = AF_INET6) and SockWship6Api;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction SetVarSin(var Sin: TVarSin; const IP, Port: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer; PreferIP4: Boolean): integer;\r\ntype\r\n pu_long = ^u_long;\r\nvar\r\n ProtoEnt: PProtoEnt;\r\n ServEnt: PServEnt;\r\n HostEnt: PHostEnt;\r\n r: integer;\r\n Hints1, Hints2: TAddrInfo;\r\n Sin1, Sin2: TVarSin;\r\n TwoPass: boolean;\r\n\r\n function GetAddr(const IP, port: AnsiString; var Hints: TAddrInfo; var Sin: TVarSin): integer;\r\n var\r\n Addr: PAddrInfo;\r\n begin\r\n Addr := nil;\r\n try\r\n FillChar(Sin, Sizeof(Sin), 0);\r\n if Hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW then begin\r\n Hints.ai_socktype := 0;\r\n Hints.ai_protocol := 0;\r\n result := GetAddrInfo(pointer(IP), nil, @Hints, Addr);\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n if (IP = cAnyHost) or (IP = c6AnyHost) then begin\r\n Hints.ai_flags := AI_PASSIVE;\r\n result := GetAddrInfo(nil, pointer(port), @Hints, Addr);\r\n end\r\n else if (IP = cLocalhost) or (IP = c6Localhost) then\r\n result := GetAddrInfo(nil, pointer(port), @Hints, Addr)\r\n else\r\n result := GetAddrInfo(pointer(IP), pointer(port), @Hints, Addr);\r\n end;\r\n if result = 0 then\r\n if (Addr <> nil) then\r\n Move(Addr^.ai_addr^, Sin, Addr^.ai_addrlen);\r\n finally\r\n if Assigned(Addr) then\r\n FreeAddrInfo(Addr);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nbegin\r\n result := 0;\r\n FillChar(Sin, Sizeof(Sin), 0);\r\n if not IsNewApi(Family) then begin\r\n EnterCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n try\r\n Sin.sin_family := AF_INET;\r\n ProtoEnt := GetProtoByNumber(SockProtocol);\r\n ServEnt := nil;\r\n if ProtoEnt <> nil then\r\n ServEnt := GetServByName(pointer(Port), ProtoEnt^.p_name);\r\n if ServEnt = nil then\r\n Sin.sin_port := htons(StrToIntDef(string(Port), 0))\r\n else\r\n Sin.sin_port := ServEnt^.s_port;\r\n if IP = cBroadcast then\r\n Sin.sin_addr.s_addr := u_long(INADDR_BROADCAST)\r\n else begin\r\n Sin.sin_addr.s_addr := inet_addr(pointer(IP));\r\n if Sin.sin_addr.s_addr = u_long(INADDR_NONE) then begin\r\n HostEnt := GetHostByName(pointer(IP));\r\n result := WSAGetLastError;\r\n if HostEnt <> nil then\r\n Sin.sin_addr.",
"S_addr := u_long(Pu_long(HostEnt^.h_addr_list^)^);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n finally\r\n LeaveCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n FillChar(Hints1, Sizeof(Hints1), 0);\r\n FillChar(Hints2, Sizeof(Hints2), 0);\r\n TwoPass := False;\r\n if Family = AF_UNSPEC then begin\r\n if PreferIP4 then begin\r\n Hints1.ai_family := AF_INET;\r\n Hints2.ai_family := AF_INET6;\r\n TwoPass := True;\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n Hints2.ai_family := AF_INET;\r\n Hints1.ai_family := AF_INET6;\r\n TwoPass := True;\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else\r\n Hints1.ai_family := Family;\r\n Hints1.ai_socktype := SockType;\r\n Hints2.ai_socktype := Hints1.ai_socktype;\r\n Hints1.ai_protocol := SockProtocol;\r\n Hints2.ai_protocol := Hints1.ai_protocol;\r\n r := GetAddr(IP, Port, Hints1, Sin1);\r\n result := r;\r\n Sin := Sin1;\r\n if r <> 0 then\r\n if TwoPass then begin\r\n r := GetAddr(IP, Port, Hints2, Sin2);\r\n result := r;\r\n if r = 0 then\r\n Sin := Sin2;\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction GetSinIP(const Sin: TVarSin): AnsiString;\r\nvar\r\n p: PAnsiChar;\r\n host: array[0..NI_MAXHOST] of AnsiChar;\r\n serv: array[0..NI_MAXSERV] of AnsiChar;\r\n hostlen, servlen: integer;\r\n r: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n result := '';\r\n if not IsNewApi(Sin.",
"AddressFamily) then begin\r\n p := inet_ntoa(Sin.sin_addr);\r\n if p <> nil then\r\n result := p;\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n hostlen := NI_MAXHOST;\r\n servlen := NI_MAXSERV;\r\n r := getnameinfo(@Sin, SizeOfVarSin(Sin), host, hostlen, serv, servlen,\r\n NI_NUMERICHOST + NI_NUMERICSERV);\r\n if r = 0 then\r\n result := host;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction StrLen255(S: PAnsiChar): integer;\r\nbegin\r\n for result := 0 to 254 do\r\n if S[result] = #0 then\r\n exit;\r\n result := 255;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure GetSinIPShort(const Sin: TVarSin; var result: shortstring);\r\nvar\r\n p: PAnsiChar;\r\n host: array[0..NI_MAXHOST] of AnsiChar;\r\n serv: array[0..NI_MAXSERV] of AnsiChar;\r\n hostlen, servlen: integer;\r\n r: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n result[0] := #0;\r\n if not IsNewApi(Sin.",
"AddressFamily) then begin\r\n p := inet_ntoa(Sin.sin_addr);\r\n if p <> nil then\r\n SetString(result, p, StrLen255(p));\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n hostlen := NI_MAXHOST;\r\n servlen := NI_MAXSERV;\r\n r := getnameinfo(@Sin, SizeOfVarSin(Sin), host, hostlen, serv, servlen,\r\n NI_NUMERICHOST + NI_NUMERICSERV);\r\n if r = 0 then\r\n SetString(result, PAnsiChar(@host), StrLen255(host));\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction GetSinPort(const Sin: TVarSin): integer;\r\nbegin\r\n if (Sin.sin_family = AF_INET6) then\r\n result := ntohs(Sin.sin6_port)\r\n else\r\n result := ntohs(Sin.sin_port);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure ResolveNameToIP(const Name: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol,\r\n SockType: integer; IPList: TStrings; IPListClear: boolean);\r\ntype\r\n TaPInAddr = array[0..250] of PInAddr;\r\nvar\r\n Hints: TAddrInfo;\r\n Addr: PAddrInfo;\r\n AddrNext: PAddrInfo;\r\n r: integer;\r\n host: array[0..NI_MAXHOST] of AnsiChar;\r\n serv: array[0..NI_MAXSERV] of AnsiChar;\r\n hostlen, servlen: integer;\r\n RemoteHost: PHostEnt;\r\n IP: u_long;\r\n PAdrPtr: ^TaPInAddr;\r\n i: integer;\r\n InAddr: TInAddr;\r\nbegin\r\n if IPListClear then\r\n IPList.",
"Clear;\r\n if not IsNewApi(Family) then begin\r\n IP := inet_addr(pointer(Name));\r\n if IP = u_long(INADDR_NONE) then begin\r\n EnterCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n try\r\n RemoteHost := GetHostByName(pointer(Name));\r\n if RemoteHost <> nil then begin\r\n PAdrPtr := pointer(RemoteHost^.h_addr_list);\r\n i := 0;\r\n while PAdrPtr^[i] <> nil do begin\r\n InAddr := PAdrPtr^[i]^;\r\n IPList.",
"Add(Format('%d.%d.%d.%d', [InAddr.",
"S_bytes[0],\r\n InAddr.",
"S_bytes[1], InAddr.",
"S_bytes[2], InAddr.",
"S_bytes[3]]));\r\n Inc(i);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n finally\r\n LeaveCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else\r\n IPList.",
"Add(string(Name));\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n Addr := nil;\r\n try\r\n FillChar(Hints, Sizeof(Hints), 0);\r\n Hints.ai_socktype := SockType;\r\n Hints.ai_protocol := SockProtocol;\r\n r := GetAddrInfo(pointer(Name), nil, @Hints, Addr);\r\n if r = 0 then begin\r\n AddrNext := Addr;\r\n while not (AddrNext = nil) do begin\r\n if not (((Family = AF_INET6) and (AddrNext^.ai_family = AF_INET)) or\r\n ((Family = AF_INET) and (AddrNext^.ai_family = AF_INET6))) then begin\r\n hostlen := NI_MAXHOST;\r\n servlen := NI_MAXSERV;\r\n r := getnameinfo(AddrNext^.ai_addr, AddrNext^.ai_addrlen, host, hostlen,\r\n serv, servlen, NI_NUMERICHOST + NI_NUMERICSERV);\r\n if r = 0 then\r\n IPList.",
"Add(string(host));\r\n end;\r\n AddrNext := AddrNext^.ai_next;\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n finally\r\n if Assigned(Addr) then\r\n FreeAddrInfo(Addr);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n if IPList.",
"Count = 0 then\r\n IPList.",
"Add(cAnyHost);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction ResolvePort(const Port: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer): Word;\r\nvar\r\n ProtoEnt: PProtoEnt;\r\n ServEnt: PServEnt;\r\n Hints: TAddrInfo;\r\n Addr: PAddrInfo;\r\n r: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n result := 0;\r\n if not IsNewApi(Family) then begin\r\n EnterCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n try\r\n ProtoEnt := GetProtoByNumber(SockProtocol);\r\n ServEnt := nil;\r\n if ProtoEnt <> nil then\r\n ServEnt := GetServByName(pointer(Port), ProtoEnt^.p_name);\r\n if ServEnt = nil then\r\n result := StrToIntDef(string(Port), 0)\r\n else\r\n result := htons(ServEnt^.s_port);\r\n finally\r\n LeaveCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n Addr := nil;\r\n try\r\n FillChar(Hints, Sizeof(Hints), 0);\r\n Hints.ai_socktype := SockType;\r\n Hints.ai_protocol := SockProtocol;\r\n Hints.ai_flags := AI_PASSIVE;\r\n r := GetAddrInfo(nil, pointer(Port), @Hints, Addr);\r\n if (r = 0) and Assigned(Addr) then begin\r\n if Addr^.ai_family = AF_INET then\r\n result := htons(Addr^.ai_addr^.sin_port);\r\n if Addr^.ai_family = AF_INET6 then\r\n result := htons(PSockAddrIn6(Addr^.ai_addr)^.sin6_port);\r\n end;\r\n finally\r\n if Assigned(Addr) then\r\n FreeAddrInfo(Addr);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction ResolveIPToName(const IP: AnsiString; Family, SockProtocol, SockType: integer): AnsiString;\r\nvar\r\n Hints: TAddrInfo;\r\n Addr: PAddrInfo;\r\n r: integer;\r\n host: array[0..NI_MAXHOST] of AnsiChar;\r\n serv: array[0..NI_MAXSERV] of AnsiChar;\r\n hostlen, servlen: integer;\r\n RemoteHost: PHostEnt;\r\n IPn: u_long;\r\nbegin\r\n result := IP;\r\n if not IsNewApi(Family) then begin\r\n IPn := inet_addr(pointer(IP));\r\n if IPn <> u_long(INADDR_NONE) then begin\r\n EnterCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n try\r\n RemoteHost := GetHostByAddr(@IPn, SizeOf(IPn), AF_INET);\r\n if RemoteHost <> nil then\r\n result := RemoteHost^.h_name;\r\n finally\r\n LeaveCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n Addr := nil;\r\n try\r\n FillChar(Hints, Sizeof(Hints), 0);\r\n Hints.ai_socktype := SockType;\r\n Hints.ai_protocol := SockProtocol;\r\n r := GetAddrInfo(pointer(IP), nil, @Hints, Addr);\r\n if (r = 0) and Assigned(Addr) then begin\r\n hostlen := NI_MAXHOST;\r\n servlen := NI_MAXSERV;\r\n r := getnameinfo(Addr^.ai_addr, Addr^.ai_addrlen, host, hostlen,\r\n serv, servlen, NI_NUMERICSERV);\r\n if r = 0 then\r\n result := host;\r\n end;\r\n finally\r\n if Assigned(Addr) then\r\n FreeAddrInfo(Addr);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction poll(fds: PPollFD; nfds, timeout: integer): integer;\r\nbegin\r\n if Assigned(WSAPoll) then\r\n result := WSAPoll(fds, nfds, timeout)\r\n else\r\n result := -1; // not available on XP/2K\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction InitSocketInterface(const Stack: TFileName = ''): Boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n result := False;\r\n EnterCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n try\r\n if SynSockCount = 0 then begin\r\n SockEnhancedApi := false;\r\n SockSChannelApi := false;\r\n SockWship6Api := false;\r\n if Stack = '' then\r\n LibHandle := LoadLibrary(DLLStackName)\r\n else\r\n LibHandle := LoadLibrary(pointer(Stack));\r\n if LibHandle <> 0 then begin\r\n WSAPoll := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'WSAPoll');\r\n WSAIoctl := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'WSAIoctl');\r\n __WSAFDIsSet := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, '__WSAFDIsSet');\r\n CloseSocket := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'closesocket');\r\n IoctlSocket := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'ioctlsocket');\r\n WSAGetLastError := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'WSAGetLastError');\r\n WSAStartup := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'WSAStartup');\r\n WSACleanup := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'WSACleanup');\r\n ssAccept := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'accept');\r\n ssBind := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'bind');\r\n ssConnect := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'connect');\r\n ssGetPeerName := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getpeername');\r\n ssGetSockName := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getsockname');\r\n GetSockOpt := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getsockopt');\r\n Htonl := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'htonl');\r\n Htons := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'htons');\r\n Inet_Addr := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'inet_addr');\r\n Inet_Ntoa := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'inet_ntoa');\r\n Listen := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'listen');\r\n Ntohl := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'ntohl');\r\n Ntohs := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'ntohs');\r\n Recv := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'recv');\r\n RecvFrom := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'recvfrom');\r\n Select := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'select');\r\n Send := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'send');\r\n SendTo := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'sendto');\r\n SetSockOpt := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'setsockopt');\r\n ShutDown := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'shutdown');\r\n Socket := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'socket');\r\n GetHostByAddr := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'gethostbyaddr');\r\n GetHostByName := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'gethostbyname');\r\n GetProtoByName := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getprotobyname');\r\n GetProtoByNumber := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getprotobynumber');\r\n GetServByName := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getservbyname');\r\n GetServByPort := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getservbyport');\r\n ssGetHostName := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'gethostname');\r\n {$ifndef FORCEOLDAPI}\r\n GetAddrInfo := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getaddrinfo');\r\n FreeAddrInfo := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'freeaddrinfo');\r\n GetNameInfo := GetProcAddress(LibHandle, 'getnameinfo');\r\n SockEnhancedApi := Assigned(GetAddrInfo) and\r\n Assigned(FreeAddrInfo) and Assigned(GetNameInfo);\r\n if not SockEnhancedApi then begin\r\n LibWship6Handle := LoadLibrary(DLLWship6);\r\n if LibWship6Handle <> 0 then begin\r\n GetAddrInfo := GetProcAddress(LibWship6Handle, 'getaddrinfo');\r\n FreeAddrInfo := GetProcAddress(LibWship6Handle, 'freeaddrinfo');\r\n GetNameInfo := GetProcAddress(LibWship6Handle, 'getnameinfo');\r\n SockWship6Api := Assigned(GetAddrInfo) and\r\n Assigned(FreeAddrInfo) and Assigned(GetNameInfo);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n {$endif}\r\n if not SockSChannelApi then begin\r\n LibSecurHandle := LoadLibrary(DLLSecur32);\r\n if LibSecurHandle <> 0 then begin\r\n AcquireCredentialsHandle := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'AcquireCredentialsHandleA');\r\n FreeCredentialsHandle := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'FreeCredentialsHandle');\r\n InitializeSecurityContext := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'InitializeSecurityContextA');\r\n DeleteSecurityContext := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'DeleteSecurityContext');\r\n ApplyControlToken := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'ApplyControlToken');\r\n QueryContextAttributes := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'QueryContextAttributesA');\r\n FreeContextBuffer := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'FreeContextBuffer');\r\n EncryptMessage := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'EncryptMessage');\r\n DecryptMessage := GetProcAddress(LibSecurHandle, 'DecryptMessage');\r\n SockSChannelApi := Assigned(AcquireCredentialsHandle) and\r\n Assigned(InitializeSecurityContext) and\r\n Assigned(QueryContextAttributes) and\r\n Assigned(EncryptMessage) and Assigned(DecryptMessage);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n result := True;\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else\r\n result := True;\r\n if result then\r\n Inc(SynSockCount);\r\n finally\r\n LeaveCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction DestroySocketInterface: Boolean;\r\nbegin\r\n EnterCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n try\r\n Dec(SynSockCount);\r\n if SynSockCount < 0 then\r\n SynSockCount := 0;\r\n if SynSockCount = 0 then begin\r\n if LibHandle <> 0 then begin\r\n FreeLibrary(libHandle);\r\n LibHandle := 0;\r\n // HH reset routine pointers to avoid jumping into limbo\r\n WSAPoll := nil;\r\n WSAIoctl := nil;\r\n __WSAFDIsSet := nil;\r\n CloseSocket := nil;\r\n IoctlSocket := nil;\r\n WSAGetLastError := nil;\r\n WSAStartup := nil;\r\n WSACleanup := nil;\r\n ssAccept := nil;\r\n ssBind := nil;\r\n ssConnect := nil;\r\n ssGetPeerName := nil;\r\n ssGetSockName := nil;\r\n GetSockOpt := nil;\r\n Htonl := nil;\r\n Htons := nil;\r\n Inet_Addr := nil;\r\n Inet_Ntoa := nil;\r\n Listen := nil;\r\n Ntohl := nil;\r\n Ntohs := nil;\r\n Recv := nil;\r\n RecvFrom := nil;\r\n Select := nil;\r\n Send := nil;\r\n SendTo := nil;\r\n SetSockOpt := nil;\r\n ShutDown := nil;\r\n Socket := nil;\r\n GetHostByAddr := nil;\r\n GetHostByName := nil;\r\n GetProtoByName := nil;\r\n GetProtoByNumber := nil;\r\n GetServByName := nil;\r\n GetServByPort := nil;\r\n ssGetHostName := nil;\r\n {$ifndef FORCEOLDAPI}\r\n GetAddrInfo := nil;\r\n FreeAddrInfo := nil;\r\n GetNameInfo := nil;\r\n GetAddrInfo := nil;\r\n FreeAddrInfo := nil;\r\n GetNameInfo := nil;\r\n {$endif}\r\n AcquireCredentialsHandle := nil;\r\n FreeCredentialsHandle := nil;\r\n InitializeSecurityContext := nil;\r\n DeleteSecurityContext := nil;\r\n ApplyControlToken := nil;\r\n QueryContextAttributes := nil;\r\n FreeContextBuffer := nil;\r\n EncryptMessage := nil;\r\n DecryptMessage := nil;\r\n end;\r\n if LibWship6Handle <> 0 then begin\r\n FreeLibrary(LibWship6Handle);\r\n LibWship6Handle := 0;\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n finally\r\n LeaveCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n end;\r\n result := True;\r\nend;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n{ TSChannel }\r\n\r\nprocedure RaiseLastError; // not defined e.g. with Delphi 5\r\nvar\r\n LastError: Integer;\r\nbegin\r\n LastError := GetLastError;\r\n raise ESChannel.",
"CreateFmt('System Error %d [%s]', [LastError, SysErrorMessage(LastError)]);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction CheckSEC_E_OK(res: integer): cardinal;\r\nbegin\r\n if res <> SEC_E_OK then\r\n RaiseLastError;\r\n result := res;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction CheckSocket(res: integer): cardinal;\r\nbegin\r\n if res = SOCKET_ERROR then\r\n raise ESChannel.",
"CreateFmt('Socket Error %d', [WSAGetLastError]);\r\n if res = 0 then\r\n raise ESChannel.",
"Create('Handshake aborted');\r\n result := res;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nconst\r\n TLSRECMAXSIZE = 19000; // stack buffers for TSChannelClient.",
"Receive/Send\r\n\r\ntype\r\n {$ifdef USERECORDWITHMETHODS}THandshakeBuf = record\r\n {$else}THandshakeBuf = object{$endif}\r\n public\r\n buf: array[0..2] of TSecBuffer;\r\n input, output: TSecBufferDesc;\r\n procedure Init;\r\n end;\r\n\r\nprocedure THandshakeBuf.",
"Init;\r\nbegin\r\n input.ulVersion := SECBUFFER_VERSION;\r\n input.cBuffers := 2;\r\n input.pBuffers := @buf[0];\r\n buf[0].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[0].BufferType := SECBUFFER_TOKEN;\r\n buf[0].pvBuffer := nil;\r\n buf[1].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[1].BufferType := SECBUFFER_EMPTY;\r\n buf[1].pvBuffer := nil;\r\n output.ulVersion := SECBUFFER_VERSION;\r\n output.cBuffers := 1;\r\n output.pBuffers := @buf[2];\r\n buf[2].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[2].BufferType := SECBUFFER_TOKEN;\r\n buf[2].pvBuffer := nil;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure TSChannelClient.",
"AppendData(const aBuffer: TSecBuffer);\r\nvar\r\n newlen: integer;\r\nbegin\r\n newlen := DataCount + integer(aBuffer.cbBuffer);\r\n if newlen > Length(Data) then\r\n SetLength(Data, newlen);\r\n Move(aBuffer.pvBuffer^, PByteArray(Data)[DataCount], aBuffer.cbBuffer);\r\n inc(DataCount, aBuffer.cbBuffer);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure TSChannelClient.",
"AfterConnection(aSocket: THandle; aAddress: PAnsiChar);\r\nvar\r\n buf: THandshakeBuf;\r\n res, f: cardinal;\r\nbegin\r\n if not SockSChannelApi then\r\n raise ESChannel.",
"Create('SChannel API not available');\r\n CheckSEC_E_OK(AcquireCredentialsHandle(nil, UNISP_NAME, SECPKG_CRED_OUTBOUND,\r\n nil, nil, nil, nil, @Cred, nil));\r\n DataPos := 0;\r\n DataCount := 0;\r\n buf.",
"Init;\r\n res := InitializeSecurityContext(@Cred, nil, aAddress, ISC_REQ_FLAGS, 0,\r\n SECURITY_NATIVE_DREP, nil, 0, @Ctxt, @buf.output, @f, nil);\r\n if res <> SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED then\r\n RaiseLastError;\r\n CheckSocket(SynWinSock.",
"Send(aSocket, buf.buf[2].pvBuffer, buf.buf[2].cbBuffer, 0));\r\n CheckSEC_E_OK(FreeContextBuffer(buf.buf[2].pvBuffer));\r\n HandshakeLoop(aSocket);\r\n CheckSEC_E_OK(QueryContextAttributes(@Ctxt, SECPKG_ATTR_STREAM_SIZES, @Sizes));\r\n SetLength(Data, Sizes.cbMaximumMessage);\r\n InputSize := Sizes.cbHeader + Sizes.cbMaximumMessage + Sizes.cbTrailer;\r\n if InputSize > TLSRECMAXSIZE then\r\n raise ESChannel.",
"CreateFmt('InputSize=%d>%d', [InputSize, TLSRECMAXSIZE]);\r\n SetLength(Input, InputSize);\r\n InputCount := 0;\r\n Initialized := true;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure TSChannelClient.",
"HandshakeLoop(aSocket: THandle);\r\nvar\r\n buf: THandshakeBuf;\r\n len: integer;\r\n tmp: AnsiString;\r\n res, f: cardinal;\r\nbegin\r\n len := 0;\r\n SetLength(tmp, 65536);\r\n res := SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED;\r\n while (res = SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED) or (res = SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE) do begin\r\n if res <> SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE then\r\n len := 0;\r\n inc(len, CheckSocket(Recv(aSocket, @PByteArray(tmp)[len], length(tmp) - len, 0)));\r\n buf.",
"Init;\r\n buf.buf[0].cbBuffer := len;\r\n buf.buf[0].BufferType := SECBUFFER_TOKEN;\r\n buf.buf[0].pvBuffer := pointer(tmp);\r\n res := InitializeSecurityContext(@Cred, @Ctxt, nil, ISC_REQ_FLAGS, 0,\r\n SECURITY_NATIVE_DREP, @buf.input, 0, @Ctxt, @buf.output, @f, nil);\r\n if (res = SEC_E_OK) or (res = SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED) or\r\n ((f and ISC_REQ_EXTENDED_ERROR) <> 0) then begin\r\n if (buf.buf[2].cbBuffer <> 0) and (buf.buf[2].pvBuffer <> nil) then begin\r\n CheckSocket(SynWinSock.",
"Send(aSocket, buf.buf[2].pvBuffer, buf.buf[2].cbBuffer, 0));\r\n CheckSEC_E_OK(FreeContextBuffer(buf.buf[2].pvBuffer));\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n // TODO: handle SEC_I_INCOMPLETE_CREDENTIALS ?",
"\r\n // see https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/master/lib/vtls/schannel.c\r\n CheckSEC_E_OK(res);\r\n if buf.buf[1].BufferType = SECBUFFER_EXTRA then\r\n AppendData(buf.buf[1]);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nprocedure TSChannelClient.",
"BeforeDisconnection(aSocket: THandle);\r\nvar\r\n desc: TSecBufferDesc;\r\n buf: TSecBuffer;\r\n dt, f: cardinal;\r\nbegin\r\n if Initialized then\r\n try\r\n if aSocket > 0 then begin\r\n desc.ulVersion := SECBUFFER_VERSION;\r\n desc.cBuffers := 1;\r\n desc.pBuffers := @buf;\r\n buf.cbBuffer := 4;\r\n buf.",
"BufferType := SECBUFFER_TOKEN;\r\n dt := SCHANNEL_SHUTDOWN;\r\n buf.pvBuffer := @dt;\r\n if ApplyControlToken(@Ctxt, @desc) = SEC_E_OK then begin\r\n buf.cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf.",
"BufferType := SECBUFFER_TOKEN;\r\n buf.pvBuffer := nil;\r\n if InitializeSecurityContext(@Cred, @Ctxt, nil, ISC_REQ_FLAGS, 0,\r\n SECURITY_NATIVE_DREP, nil, 0, @Ctxt, @desc, @f, nil) = SEC_E_OK then begin\r\n SynWinSock.",
"Send(aSocket, buf.pvBuffer, buf.cbBuffer, 0);\r\n FreeContextBuffer(buf.pvBuffer);\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n DeleteSecurityContext(@Ctxt);\r\n FreeCredentialsHandle(@Cred);\r\n finally\r\n Cred.dwLower := nil;\r\n Cred.dwUpper := nil;\r\n Initialized := false;\r\n end;\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction TSChannelClient.",
"Receive(aSocket: THandle; aBuffer: pointer; aLength: integer): integer;\r\nvar\r\n desc: TSecBufferDesc;\r\n buf: array[0..3] of TSecBuffer;\r\n res: cardinal;\r\n read, i: integer;\r\n needsRenegotiate: boolean;\r\n function DecryptInput: cardinal;\r\n begin\r\n buf[0].cbBuffer := InputCount;\r\n buf[0].BufferType := SECBUFFER_DATA;\r\n buf[0].pvBuffer := pointer(Input);\r\n buf[1].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[1].BufferType := SECBUFFER_EMPTY;\r\n buf[1].pvBuffer := nil;\r\n buf[2].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[2].BufferType := SECBUFFER_EMPTY;\r\n buf[2].pvBuffer := nil;\r\n buf[3].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[3].BufferType := SECBUFFER_EMPTY;\r\n buf[3].pvBuffer := nil;\r\n result := DecryptMessage(@Ctxt, @desc, 0, nil);\r\n end;\r\nbegin\r\n if not Initialized then begin // use plain socket API\r\n result := Recv(aSocket, aBuffer, aLength, MSG_NOSIGNAL);\r\n exit;\r\n end;\r\n result := 0;\r\n while DataCount = 0 do\r\n try\r\n DataPos := 0;\r\n desc.ulVersion := SECBUFFER_VERSION;\r\n desc.cBuffers := 4;\r\n desc.pBuffers := @buf[0];\r\n repeat\r\n read := Recv(aSocket, @PByteArray(Input)[InputCount], InputSize - InputCount, MSG_NOSIGNAL);\r\n if read <= 0 then begin\r\n result := read; // return socket error (may be WSATRY_AGAIN)\r\n exit;\r\n end;\r\n inc(InputCount, read);\r\n res := DecryptInput;\r\n until res <> SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE;\r\n needsRenegotiate := false;\r\n repeat\r\n case res of\r\n SEC_I_RENEGOTIATE: needsRenegotiate := true;\r\n SEC_I_CONTEXT_EXPIRED: exit;\r\n SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE: break;\r\n else CheckSEC_E_OK(res);\r\n end;\r\n InputCount := 0;\r\n for i := 1 to 3 do\r\n case buf[i].BufferType of\r\n SECBUFFER_DATA: AppendData(buf[i]);\r\n SECBUFFER_EXTRA: begin\r\n Move(buf[i].pvBuffer^, pointer(Input)^, buf[i].cbBuffer);\r\n InputCount := buf[i].cbBuffer;\r\n end;\r\n end;\r\n if InputCount = 0 then\r\n break;\r\n res := DecryptInput;\r\n until false;\r\n if needsRenegotiate then\r\n HandshakeLoop(aSocket);\r\n except\r\n exit; // shutdown the connection on ESChannel fatal error\r\n end;\r\n result := DataCount;\r\n if aLength < result then\r\n result := aLength;\r\n Move(PByteArray(Data)[DataPos], aBuffer^, result);\r\n inc(DataPos, result);\r\n dec(DataCount, result);\r\nend;\r\n\r\nfunction TSChannelClient.",
"Send(aSocket: THandle; aBuffer: pointer; aLength: integer): integer;\r\nvar\r\n desc: TSecBufferDesc;\r\n buf: array[0..3] of TSecBuffer;\r\n res, sent, s, len, trailer, pending, templen: cardinal;\r\n temp: array[0..TLSRECMAXSIZE] of byte;\r\nbegin\r\n if not Initialized then begin // use plain socket API\r\n result := SynWinSock.",
"Send(aSocket, aBuffer, aLength, MSG_NOSIGNAL);\r\n exit;\r\n end;\r\n result := 0;\r\n desc.ulVersion := SECBUFFER_VERSION;\r\n desc.cBuffers := 4;\r\n desc.pBuffers := @buf[0];\r\n pending := aLength;\r\n while pending > 0 do begin\r\n templen := pending;\r\n if templen > Sizes.cbMaximumMessage then\r\n templen := Sizes.cbMaximumMessage;\r\n Move(aBuffer^, temp[Sizes.cbHeader], templen);\r\n inc(PByte(aBuffer), templen);\r\n dec(pending, templen);\r\n trailer := Sizes.cbHeader + templen;\r\n buf[0].cbBuffer := Sizes.cbHeader;\r\n buf[0].BufferType := SECBUFFER_STREAM_HEADER;\r\n buf[0].pvBuffer := @temp;\r\n buf[1].cbBuffer := templen;\r\n buf[1].BufferType := SECBUFFER_DATA;\r\n buf[1].pvBuffer := @temp[Sizes.cbHeader];\r\n buf[2].cbBuffer := Sizes.cbTrailer;\r\n buf[2].BufferType := SECBUFFER_STREAM_TRAILER;\r\n buf[2].pvBuffer := @temp[trailer];\r\n buf[3].cbBuffer := 0;\r\n buf[3].BufferType := SECBUFFER_EMPTY;\r\n buf[3].pvBuffer := nil;\r\n if EncryptMessage(@Ctxt, 0, @desc, 0) <> SEC_E_OK then\r\n exit; // shutdown the connection on SChannel error\r\n len := buf[0].cbBuffer + buf[1].cbBuffer + buf[2].cbBuffer;\r\n sent := 0;\r\n repeat\r\n s := SynWinSock.",
"Send(aSocket, @temp[sent], len, MSG_NOSIGNAL);\r\n if s = len then\r\n break; // whole message sent\r\n if s = 0 then\r\n exit; // report connection closed\r\n if integer(s) < 0 then begin\r\n res := WSAGetLastError;\r\n if (res <> WSATRY_AGAIN) and (res <> WSAEINTR) then begin\r\n result := s;\r\n exit; // report socket fatal error\r\n end;\r\n end\r\n else begin\r\n dec(len, s);\r\n inc(sent, s);\r\n end;\r\n Sleep(1); // try again\r\n until false;\r\n end;\r\n result := aLength;\r\nend;\r\n\r\ninitialization\r\n assert(SizeOf(TInAddr) = SizeOf(cardinal));\r\n assert(SizeOf(TSockAddrIn) = 16);\r\n assert(SizeOf(TInAddr6) = 16);\r\n\r\n InitializeCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n SET_IN6_IF_ADDR_ANY(@in6addr_any);\r\n SET_LOOPBACK_ADDR6(@in6addr_loopback);\r\n\r\nfinalization\r\n SynSockCount := -254; // force release library\r\n DestroySocketInterface;\r\n DeleteCriticalSection(SynSockCS);\r\n{$endif}\r\nend.",
"\r\n\r\n"
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[
"Operating safely in an underdeveloped country.",
"\nThe visiting surgical team doing cleft lip and cleft palate repair in an underdeveloped country may find long hours and adverse conditions. ",
"Some of the trips are undertaken for resident education. ",
"It is the responsibility of the expedition leader to implement safety precautions for protection of both the patients and the volunteers in the operative party as suggested in this article. ",
"Equipment maintenance and modified sterilization techniques are also described."
] | {
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"Autoimmunity-prone B-1 (CD5 B) cells, natural antibodies and self recognition.",
"\nThe delineation of distinct subsets committed to the production of antibodies with different antigen-binding activities supports the view of a compartmentalization and specialization of function in the B cell repertoire and is consistent with the hypothesis of a developmentally layered immune system; as originally proposed by Herzenberg and Herzenberg. ",
"On the basis of the data by Solvason and Kearney in the human fetus and our data in the adult, and in agreement with the findings of Herzenberg et al. ",
"and Hardy et al. ",
"in the mouse, we propose that the human B cell repertoire includes at least three distinct B cell subsets: B-1a cells, which develop from progenitors in the fetal splanchnic district, namely the omentum, and are maintained in adult life by virtue of their self-replenishing nature; B-1b cells, progenitors of which can be found in the splanchnic district and, perhaps, adult bone marrow; and, finally, B-2 cells, which arise in the fetal liver and are continuously replenished in adult life by progenitors in the bone marrow (Figure 5). ",
"The different B cells types are distinguished by their differential expression of surface CD5 and, perhaps, CD11b and CD14, their differential expression of CD5 mRNA, and the different classes and specificities of the Ig they produce (Figure 5). ",
"B-1 lymphocytes play a major role in autoimmunity and constitute the physiological equivalent of the neoplastic forms in various lymphoproliferative disorders, such as CLL and SLL, which are often associated with the production of monoclonal antibodies to self antigens. ",
"Human B-1a (CD5+ B) and B-1b (CD5- CD45RAlo B) cells are responsible for the production of natural (polyreactive and monoreactive) antibodies in the fetus, neonate, and adult, and can give rise to the autoantibody-producing cells characteristic of several autoimmune disease states. ",
"Our recent findings suggest that while in healthy subjects the majority of natural polyreactive antibodies is encoded in V genes in germline configuration, some polyreactive antibodies are encoded in somatically mutated V genes, in a fashion consistent with an antigen-driven process of selection of such mutations. ",
"The nature of the antigen(s) involved in these selection processes remains to be determined. ",
"Under possibly different circumstances, the application of an antigen-driven process of clonal selection to B-1a and/or B-1b cells, previously committed to natural antibody production, can result in the generation of monoreactive high affinity and possibly pathogenic autoantibodies (Figures 5A and 5B).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)"
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[
"Image Credit:\n\nBusinesses in the UAE have been facing a severe drought, brought on by drastic changes in the economic climate since 2016. ",
"This drought has been fairly comprehensive — fall in domestic demand, closure of numerous markets, strife in the Middle East, bank lending tailing off and so on.",
"\n\nHowever, I allude to one weighty aspect of this drought — the acute paucity of liquidity being faced by UAE businesses.",
"\n\nI have written earlier about the painful right sizing and reinvention of the UAE economy that is now underway — a shakeout of businesses, changing business models, paring of costs and so on. ",
"The persistent lack of liquidity is forcing change of a different sort, in terms of dissolute corporate behaviour, sliding ethical norms, the blatant disregard of the written contract and so on.",
"\n\nThis will have a severely pernicious effect on the ease of doing business. ",
"The insidious effects of poor liquidity are far more dangerous than the inevitable result of closure of weak businesses, because worsening corporate behaviour will come to define the norm. ",
"With this being very difficult to change, it will serve as a formidable deterrent to new investment.",
"\n\nSetting off a vicious cycle of delays\n\nThis brings us to the issue that is vexing the UAE business community, that of a lack of cash in the system or liquidity in the market, which manifests in the form of delayed payments all around. ",
"So why is everyone, including large entities, delaying the settlement of invoices, dues and other financial obligations? ",
"Let us look at this through the prism of two time-tested norms of lending — assessing the willingness and ability of debtors and/or borrowers to pay/repay on time.",
"\n\nThe willingness of businesses, in general, to settle their obligations on time, has been steadily waning. ",
"I dare say that even a decade ago, businesses were far more honourable in their dealings than now. ",
"Tough times seem to bring out the worst in people — reneging on contracts, delaying payments, and unethical behaviour have become rampant and conducted with appalling impunity.",
"\n\nThe winding path to payment recoveries\n\nSo the million-dollar question is, why has this ineluctable slide into contractual anarchy occurred? ",
"And why has nobody been able to stem it? ",
"The singular reason is the extremely poor enforceability of contracts via the judicial system. ",
"Seeking the assistance of courts and lawyers is prohibitively expensive, time consuming and complicated, leaving this avenue as one of last recourse and only for large companies at that.",
"\n\nLegal recourse is certainly off limits to SMEs, which obviously form the largest bloc of businesses and contributors to employment. ",
"I have first hand knowledge of this predicament, having had to write off debts of up to Dh300,000 each, on the advice of lawyer friends, resulting in significant losses over the years. ",
"Dozens of my clients and friends have been through the same thing.",
"\n\nTurning to the other sacred tenet that underpins payment behaviour — the ability to pay — one sees a severely emasculated business community. ",
"Ability stems from the financial standing of the company, which is determined either by the extent of its own capital in the business, and/or its ability to borrow. ",
"Borrowing from banks, for SMEs, has become almost impossible.",
"\n\nFeeling the squeeze\n\nBank lending norms have become so stringent, leaving the majority off limits. ",
"The adage of bankers demanding their umbrellas back when it starts to rain springs to mind. ",
"This marginalised majority therefore resorts to delaying payments as much as it can, leading to the inevitable conclusion that the bulk of businesses are probably gravely undercapitalised.",
"\n\nThinly capitalised companies can survive during buoyant times when credit is abundant, but slowly die during tough periods. ",
"This is what we are witnessing now.",
"\n\nWhat must and can be done? ",
"Authorities in the UAE have always pursued a free market approach, leaving demand and supply to deal with each other. ",
"This has applied to the supply of credit from banks as well. ",
"A complete laissez faire approach is fine if the operating ecosystem is robust with protection for the wronged.",
"\n\nHowever, there are glaring weaknesses that do not make for such an ecosystem. ",
"Therefore, there is a pressing need for changes in policies and for active government intervention to ease the flow of credit. ",
"Banks do not seem to show any signs of increasing their lending to the SME sector, tarring even credible firms with the same brush of high risk.",
"\n\nIntervention, therefore, is the need of the hour, more so because the continuation of the current situation has far reaching economic and behavioural consequences.",
"\n\nThe other serious issue to be addressed is that of the enforceability of contracts. ",
"The daunting barriers to going legal against delinquent debtors are far too high. ",
"Simpler, faster solutions must be found for small and medium sized businesses to force faster settlement of their dues.",
"\n\nThe government needs to take immediate cognisance of this endemic problem. ",
"This is a long-standing issue that has only exploded in magnitude in challenging times.",
"\n\nIf businesses can collect their dues faster, confidence will rise, as will investments and lending. ",
"This is bound to have other ramifications as well. ",
"Improved enforceability will also result in weaker businesses closing down, which is both inevitable and desirable; and contribute to reducing systemic, confidence shattering events.",
"\n\nI am not suggesting that these are the only steps required to alleviate the suffering of SMEs, or even large corporates. ",
"But these are tough calls for government to urgently make in areas that have not been delved into so far."
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[
"Q:\n\nWhat's the minimum number of weighs required for finding the different weight ball?",
"\n\nIf there are 9 balls among which if 1 ball is of different weight, it requires minimum of 2 weighs to find the odd ball.",
"\n If there are 27 balls, it requires 3 chances.",
"\n\n9 -> 3 pow 2 -> 2 chances.",
"\n27 -> 3 pow 3 -> 3 chances.",
"\n\nQuestion: Whats the minimum number of weighs required for finding the odd ball if given\n\n3 pow 45 - 3 pow 40 balls\n\n?",
"\nCan't use calculator. ",
"I think, some equation/formula need to be derived.",
"\nCan anybody crack this puzzle?",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf 3^x = N balls and x -- number of weighs, x = log3(N);\n3^x = 3^45 - 3^40;\n3^x = 3^40 * (3^5 - 1);\nx = log3(3^40) + log3(3^5 - 1) = 40 + log3(242);\nreal_x = ceil(x);\n\n"
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"By Express News Service\n\nNEW DELHI: Seven communities have approached the Centre in the last two years to grant them minority status, the government said on Thursday. ",
"The Brahmo Samaj, Hualngo tribes, Seng Khasi, Niamtre, Sanamahi Aggarwal, Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak and Lingayat communities have sought to be notified as minorities, Union Minister of Minority Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi said in a written reply in the Lok Sabha.",
"\n\nNaqvi told the Lok Sabha that the Centre had also received a request for declaring Hindus as a minority in some states where they account for less than 50 per cent of the population. ",
"He was responding to questions posed by BJP MPs Chunnu Lal Sahu and Sunil Kumar Singh who asked if the government had received any requests to provide minority status from any community.",
"\n\nThe two MPs also sought to know whether a review had been done with regard to the increasing population of minorities. ",
"Naqvi said no such review was being conducted.",
"\n\nALSO READ| Minority status for Pentecostal Churches in Kerala sought\n\nTax on disability pension\n\nAmid ruckus in the Lok Sabha over the issue of tax on a disability pension for military personnel, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said he would look into the matter and asserted that the interests of the armed forces’ personnel were the government’s topmost priority.",
"\n\nHe was replying to the matter raised by Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury of the Congress during Zero Hour. ",
"The CBDT said on June 24, that disability pension will be taxable for military personnel who superannuated after completing the full term of their service. ",
"The pension will be non-taxable only for those who have retired due to any kind of disability."
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"Low-dose binary behavior of bystander cell killing after microbeam irradiation of a single cell with focused c(k) x rays.",
"\nAlthough conclusive evidence has been obtained for the presence of radiation-induced bystander effects, the mechanisms that trigger and regulate these processes are still largely unknown. ",
"The bystander effect may play a critical role in determining the biological effectiveness of low-dose exposures, but questions on how to incorporate it into current models and extrapolate the risks of radiation-induced carcinogenesis are still open. ",
"The Gray Cancer Institute soft X-ray microbeam has been used to investigate the dose-response relationship of the bystander effect below 0.5 Gy. ",
"The survival response of V79 cells was assessed after the irradiation of a single cell within a population with a submicrometer-size beam of carbon K X rays (278 eV). ",
"Above 0.3 Gy, the measured bystander cell killing was in agreement with previously published data; however, a significant increase in the scatter of the data was observed in the low-dose region (<0.3 Gy). ",
"The data distribution observed indicates a binary behavior for triggering of the bystander response. ",
"According to our hypothesis, the probability of triggering a bystander response increases approximately linearly with the dose delivered to the single selected cell, reaching 100% above about 0.3 Gy. ",
"The magnitude of the bystander effect, when triggered, is approximately constant with the dose and results in an overall approximately 10% reduction in survival in our system. ",
"This suggests that the event that triggers the emission of the bystander signal by the hit cell is an all-or-nothing process. ",
"Extrapolation of the data indicates that when a single fast electron traverses a V79 cell, there is a probability of approximately 0.3% that the cell will emit the bystander signal. ",
"The data presented in this paper have also been analyzed statistically to test the possibility that complex DNA double-strand breaks may be the initial critical event."
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"Once again, we have to face another horrifying mass shooting event. ",
"This time, it was the worst mass shooting event in U.S. history. ",
"It’s frustrating to see this happen again with the understanding that our country is unlikely to anything to do anything but repeat the same slogans, with politicians offering “thoughts and prayers” but no action. ",
"I try to stick to data analysis and art on this site, without making things too political, but my frustration has the better of me on this topic. ",
"These large scale homicides have become routine, and there is zero political will to take even minor steps to mitigate this epidemic. ",
"It makes me sad to write about this again.",
"\n\nUnfortunately, on all matters regarding statistics and research regarding firearms and firearm related fatalities, our federal government has punted on its responsibility to collect meaningful data. ",
"As I explored in the three prior articles on mass shootings, there are other resources to bail us out. ",
"Each has its pros and cons, and none is what I would consider complete and definitive.",
"\n\nHere are the best resources I’ve been able to find, with some links. ",
"The two primary sources I’ve examined are Mother Jones and http://www.gunviolencearchive.org/ (GVA). ",
"Mother Jones has much more detail on events (description, weapons, mental illness status, etc), but has significantly less events than GVA. ",
"GVA appears to be the most complete list of events, but provides very few details (only location and victim number) compared to Mother Jones. ",
"Another drawback of GVA is that their publicly available data only goes back to 2014, whereas Mother Jones has gone back to 1982. ",
"I also looked at Stanford University’s database, but ultimately decided not to explore it further due to their self-described limitations. ",
"And finally, I’ve linked a Washington Post article with some excellent infographics.",
"\n\nI’ve discussed this in previous articles on the topic, but I’m not completely clear on the criteria each source uses for mass shootings. ",
"An often referenced definition is “four or more shot and/or killed in a single event [incident], at the same general time and location, not including the shooter.” ",
"But, raw numbers are often very different. ",
"It seems like GVA includes literally every event from 2014 to now, including gang-related incidents. ",
"Mother Jones, on the other hand, is very selective about inclusion; they definitely exclude gang shootings, and appear to document primarily major events with national news coverage. ",
"So, it’s good to bear in mind the variations. ",
"All the more reason it would be helpful if there was a definitive authority keeping such statistics.",
"\n\nThese sources have updated their databases to reflect this latest tragedy in Las Vegas. ",
"I added the new data to my previous spreadsheets, and have included the new graphs below. ",
"It doesn’t doesn’t change the race, gender, or ideology graphics much, but does make the trend of increasing events and victims stand out. ",
"The state-by-state counts at the end really changed, almost to the point of being unreadable; it really emphasizes how large scale this Las Vegas concert shooting was.",
"\n\nI do not know if this is true for others, but for me, seeing visual representations of the number of people who’ve lost their lives helps keep this very real. ",
"I was especially affected by the Washington Post’s graphics I linked above; clicking on the many victims and seeing the scale as these add up is powerful. ",
"GVA (gunviolencearchive.org) also has some very well done visual representations on their website and their Twitter account (@gundeaths). ",
"I think the more people who are getting into this sort of data, and exploring what’s out there now, the better off we are in furthering this debate beyond “now is not the time to politicize [x].”",
"\n\nIs this specific category of gun violence getting worse? ",
"It certainly appears so. ",
"The question now is; what steps could we take to mitigate this? ",
"There is no single law that will eliminate gun violence, just like passing a law requiring seat belts didn’t stop all traffic deaths. ",
"We should approach the issue with as many solutions as possible, with a goal of chipping away at percentages and likelihoods until a large overall improvement is seen. ",
"Seat belts didn’t stop traffic deaths completely, but when combined with other measures, driving deaths were reduced over time. ",
"That’s the same approach I think the country needs to take with gun violence.",
"\n\nHere’s a list of measures that could be taken:\n\nExtended waiting period. ",
"I’d like to see 30-60 days, but even 14 would be good.",
"\n\nI’d like to see 30-60 days, but even 14 would be good. ",
"Universal background checks. ",
"All firearm transactions should go through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), with no loopholes for gun shows or private sales. ",
"In other words, if you want a firearm, you should have to go through an FFL-holding dealer. ",
"Absolutely no exceptions.",
"\n\nAll firearm transactions should go through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS), with no loopholes for gun shows or private sales. ",
"In other words, if you want a firearm, you should have to go through an FFL-holding dealer. ",
"Absolutely no exceptions. ",
"Magazine limits. ",
"In some jurisdictions, high capacity magazines are defined as more than 10. ",
"But, some firearms have a standard capacity that is higher (15-18). ",
"Might have to settle for banning modifications beyond the manufacturer’s standard.",
"\n\nIn some jurisdictions, high capacity magazines are defined as more than 10. ",
"But, some firearms have a standard capacity that is higher (15-18). ",
"Might have to settle for banning modifications beyond the manufacturer’s standard. ",
"Limits and restrictions on firearm accessories. ",
"I’m not very knowledgeable about things like bump stocks and trigger cranks, but any method for increasing rate of fire should be included in the conversation.",
"\n\nI’m not very knowledgeable about things like bump stocks and trigger cranks, but any method for increasing rate of fire should be included in the conversation. ",
"National licensing. ",
"If a method of transportation can have federally mandated licensing, certainly tools made specifically to kill should be licensed as well. ",
"Perhaps states can administer them, as with driver’s licenses.",
"\n\nIf a method of transportation can have federally mandated licensing, certainly tools made specifically to kill should be licensed as well. ",
"Perhaps states can administer them, as with driver’s licenses. ",
"Mental healthcare improvements. ",
"Significantly increase funding for inpatient mental health facilities. ",
"Also, we need to seek the psych profession’s expertise in determining significant risk factors, disorders, and pathologies that tend to factor into subjects who commit mass shootings. ",
"Let’s get the professionals involved. ",
"Speaking of which…\n\nSignificantly increase funding for inpatient mental health facilities. ",
"Also, we need to seek the psych profession’s expertise in determining significant risk factors, disorders, and pathologies that tend to factor into subjects who commit mass shootings. ",
"Let’s get the professionals involved. ",
"Speaking of which… Remove restrictions on the Centers for Disease Control. ",
"Since 1996, the CDC has been forbidden from conducting research on firearm fatalities, and from treating this epidemic of violence as a public health issue. ",
"In essence, the federal government has dropped it’s obligation to conduct meaningful analysis on the topic. ",
"It’s well past time to reverse that.",
"\n\nSince 1996, the CDC has been forbidden from conducting research on firearm fatalities, and from treating this epidemic of violence as a public health issue. ",
"In essence, the federal government has dropped it’s obligation to conduct meaningful analysis on the topic. ",
"It’s well past time to reverse that. ",
"Minimum purchase age of 21. ",
"There should probably be a personal use exception for law enforcement and military.",
"\n\nThere should probably be a personal use exception for law enforcement and military. ",
"Domestic violence ban. ",
"If you abuse your spouse or children, you shouldn’t own a gun. ",
"My understanding is that a domestic violence conviction may be a reason for purchase denial, but anecdotally we seem to miss some of these abusers. (",
"I’m not sure why; could be due to purchase loopholes, or maybe varied legal definitions?)",
"\n\nIf you abuse your spouse or children, you shouldn’t own a gun. ",
"My understanding is that a domestic violence conviction may be a reason for purchase denial, but anecdotally we seem to miss some of these abusers. (",
"I’m not sure why; could be due to purchase loopholes, or maybe varied legal definitions?) ",
"Reconsider an “assault weapon” ban. ",
"We had an “assault weapon” ban in place from 1993 to 2004. ",
"Since the ban’s expiration, mass shooting fatalities and victim totals have increased significantly. ",
"Although, according to Mother Jones data, only 29% of mass shootings involved a rifle (most offenders used handguns). ",
"Is the victim tally increase due to the proliferation of adaptable, military-style rifles? ",
"It’s hard to say for sure, and the exact definition of such weapons can be controversial, but it needs to be examined.",
"\n\nNone of these ideas are catch all fixes, obviously. ",
"Implementing one or all of these things won’t end violence, won’t stop all shootings. ",
"But it would provide law enforcement with more tools, and make some meaningful steps towards addressing the epidemic of mass shootings in America. ",
"As I said, we’re talking about taking multiple smaller steps to mitigate the issue; each measure alone may not do much, but combined they may reverse the trend. ",
"Certainly, it’s better than doing nothing again.",
"\n\nPrevious posts on this topic:\n\nShare this: Email\n\nPrint\n\nTwitter\n\nFacebook\n\nReddit\n\nTumblr\n\nPinterest\n\nLinkedIn\n\nPocket\n\nTelegram\n\nWhatsApp\n\n\n\nLike this: Like Loading..."
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"Physiology of short-term verbal memory.",
"\nThese studies document a series of brain events accompanying short-term memory functions. ",
"For auditory verbal material the sequence involves at least two different sites within auditory cortex subserving sensory and cognitive processes of memorization. ",
"During the scanning of the short-term store structures within the medial temporal lobes, presumably the hippocampus, are active. ",
"There is an inconsistency between these results and the clinical observations of the need for an intact dominant parietal lobe for auditory short-term memory to function normally. ",
"Magnetic recordings showed no focal dipolar source of activity in the parietal lobe during any aspect of auditory short-term memory. ",
"The discrepancy could be accounted for by considering the parietal lobe lesion as \"disconnecting\" the lateral temporal cortex from the deep medial hippocampal structures thereby impeding auditory short-term functions (Geschwind, 1965). ",
"These studies show that the physiological analysis of brain events in the msec range can provide information about relatively complex cognitive processes underlying short-term memory. ",
"The magnetic and electrical recording methods provide a noninvasive way to study human brain functions involved in cognition that can then be correlated with behavioral measures of specific cognitive activities."
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"Wirecard\n\nWirecard AG is a global internet technology and financial services provider which is listed on the German stock exchange (DAX) and is headquartered in Aschheim, district of Munich. ",
"The company offers its customers electronic payment transaction services and risk management, as well as the issuing and processing of physical and virtual cards.",
"\n\nWirecard Card Solutions Ltd. (WDCS) is a wholly owned subsidiary headquartered in Newcastle upon Tyne, with an e-money licence which allows it to issue virtual cards. ",
"It provides numerous mobile payment applications and Wirecard's own mobile payment app boon.",
"\n\nThe subsidiary Wirecard Bank AG holds a German banking licence, in addition to licences from Visa and Mastercard. ",
"Moreover, it has contracts with American Express, Discover/Diners, JCB, Alipay, WeChat Pay, Apple Pay and China UnionPay, among others.",
"\n\nIn March 2017, Wirecard acquired Citi Prepaid Card Services and created Wirecard North America, introducing its internet technology, issuing and acquiring services and omnichannel payment applications to the US market.",
"\n\nIn January 2020, Wirecard announced that a contract extension will be offered to chief executive Markus Braun.",
"\n\nHistory\n\nFounding and stock listing\nThe predecessor company of Wirecard regarding the IPO was InfoGenie AG based in Berlin, whose shares had been listed in the Neuer Markt stock market segment since October 2000. ",
"This company was active as an information service provider offering telephone advice hotlines on various topics. ",
"When the shares became Penny stocks following price losses, the stock exchange operator Deutsche Börse wanted to exclude InfoGenie from the Neuer Markt, which was prohibited by court in April 2002. ",
"In mid-December 2004, an extraordinary general meeting of InfoGenie decided to transfer the non-listed Wire Card, whose core business was real-time payment processing on the Internet including risk assessment, to InfoGenie AG by way of a capital increase against investment in kind on January 1, 2005 and to rename InfoGenie to Wire Card. ",
"Thus, Wire Card became a stock corporation listed in the Prime Standard stock market segment through a reverse IPO. ",
"In 2006, Wirecard was included in the TecDAX and in September 2018 in the DAX.",
"\n\nInternational expansion\nWirecard Asia Pacific was founded in Singapore in 2007. ",
"In 2008, Wirecard introduced virtual prepaid credit cards for online payments and in the following year a fraud prevention suite for fraud detection that also uses AI and machine learning. ",
"In 2014, Wirecard expanded to New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and Turkey. ",
"With the purchase of Prepaid Card Services from Citigroup, Wirecard has also been represented in North America since 2016. ",
"In the same year, the company acquired a South American Internet payment service provider in Brazil.",
"\n\nIn 2019, SoftBank invested in Wirecard. ",
"With the acquisition of AllScore Payment Services from Beijing, Wirecard has also been represented in China since November 2019.",
"\n\nProducts and services \nWirecard is an international supplier of electronic payment and risk management services. ",
"Wirecard offers products and services in the areas of mobile payments, e-commerce, digitization and finance technology. ",
"This traditionally comprises the integration of payment methods, payment transactions via e-commerce as well as payment transactions at the stationary checkout (POS). ",
"In these areas, Wirecard currently works in cooperation with 280,000 companies (as of December 2018), including Allianz, KLM, Qatar Airways, Rakuten.com and Transport for London, among others. ",
"The transaction volume in 2018 was US$125 billion. ",
"In the first half of 2019 the transaction volume grew by 37.5 percent to EUR 77.3 billion.",
"\n\nMobile payments\nSince 2015, Wirecard offers consumers the fully digitalized, mobile payment-app boon., ",
"which works independently of banks or network operators. ",
"boon. ",
"is based on a virtual Mastercard and runs on mobile devices with the Android or iOS operating systems. ",
"The Android version is currently available in Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain and Ireland. ",
"In addition, boon. ",
"can be used via Apple Pay in France, Great Britain, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Ireland and Germany. ",
"Google Pay supports boon. ",
"in France. ",
"boon. ",
"offers contactless payments via smartphone and tablet through NFC as well as online payments and peer-to-peer transactions.",
"\n\nIn the mobile payments sector, Wirecard has negotiated several contracts with telecommunications providers for technical services with regard to mobile smartphone payments based on near-field communication (NFC). ",
"The payment processor offers its partners a mobile card reader as a white label programme for the acceptance of card payments via smartphones or tablets.",
"\n\neCommerce\nIn terms of acquiring, one focus is travel and transport. ",
"Already in 2007, Wirecard took over payments and credit control for the tour operator TUI, and in 2014 for KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. ",
"The product Supplier and Commission Payments (SCP) by Wirecard is also made to measure the travel sector. ",
"It is based on the automatic output of virtual credit cards and enables electronic payments to partners and suppliers, for instance for commission payments. ",
"In this way international payments can be made via electronic transmission of virtual credit card numbers.",
"\n\nSince 2014, Wirecard has offered its Checkout Portal – a fully automated application for easily connecting different payment methods in online shops, with a focus on SMEs and virtual marketplaces.",
"\n\nDigitalization of the retail sector\nWirecard also supports high-street retail with digitisation; an example of this is the collaborative project with T-Systems. ",
"In 2016, together with the WMF Group, Wirecard developed a mobile app which connects store purchases with online sales.",
"\n\nAlternative Chinese payment methods\nWirecard has been collaborating with Alipay since 2015, to offer Chinese tourists a familiar payment method during their travels in Europe. ",
"As part of this, Wirecard has integrated this alternative payment method into the till systems of retailers such as Printemps, The Body Shop and The National Bank of Greece. ",
"The payment procedure has also been integrated with retailers at Munich Airport.",
"\n\nSince July 2017, Wirecard has partnered with Tencent to also offer WeChat Pay.",
"\n\nFinance technology\nMany FinTech companies work with Wirecard, for instance, using their banking licence. ",
"Some well-known partnerships include: Curve, Funding Circle; start-up banks such as Atom and Tandem; money apps including Revolut, Monese and Pockit; spending management apps such as Loot, U Account and Soldo and business accounts like Tide.",
"\n\nmycard2go has been part of Wirecard Bank's portfolio since 2010. ",
"It is a prepaid card which can be purchased in stores and is ready to top up following online activation.",
"\n\nWirecard and the Financial Times controversy \nOn January 30, 2019, Wirecard shares plunged after the Financial Times reported that a senior executive was suspected of “falsification of accounts” and “money laundering” in the company’s Asia-Pacific operations. ",
"Wirecard issued a statement calling the report “false, inaccurate, misleading and defamatory.” ",
"Wirecard also announced a lawsuit against the Financial Times for \"unethical reporting\" and a lawsuit for market manipulation.",
"\n\nThe public prosecutor's office Munich I in February 2019 launched criminal investigations against Financial Times journalist Dan McCrum because of alleged violations of the German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz, WpHG). ",
"The German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority BaFin banned short selling Wirecard shares on 18. ",
"February 2019 until 18. ",
"April 2019. ",
"According to BaFin, the measure is not meant to take sides in the controversy between Wirecard and the Financial Times. ",
"On 15 October 2019, Financial Times published documents which it claimed to be Wirecard's internal accounting spreadsheets.",
"\n\nFinancial data\n\nList of subsidiaries\nWirecard is a global company founded in 1999, which operates across all continents worldwide since 2017.",
"\n\nIt entered the U.S. market in 2017 following completion of the takeover of Citi Prepaid Services. ",
" Wirecard took over the Brazilian company MOIP in 2016. ",
"The previous year, in 2015, it entered the Indian market with the acquisition of the Great Indian Retail Group's payment business. ",
"Wirecard has been strengthening its operations in the Asia-Pacific region, the Middle East and Africa since 2014.",
"\n\nSee below a list of some Wirecard subsidiaries (not complete):\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Financial services companies established in 1999\nCategory:Multinational companies\nCategory:Multinational companies headquartered in Germany\nCategory:Financial services companies of Germany\nCategory:Online payments\nCategory:Payment service providers\nCategory:1999 establishments in Germany"
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"Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)\n\nClick to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)\n\nClick to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)\n\nMatt Lauer made a joke about sleeping with interns — while trying to score an interview with a victim of sexual discrimination.",
"\n\nComedy writer Nell Scovell created a stir in 2009 by penning a Vanity Fair article about female writers being treated unfairly on “The Late Show With David Letterman.”",
"\n\nWhen Scovell turned down “Today” producers’ invitation to appear on the show, Lauer called personally, Scovell writes in her new book, “Just the Funny Parts . . . ",
"and a Few Hard Truths About Sneaking Into the Hollywood Boys’ Club.”",
"\n\nIn an excerpt in Vanity Fair, Scovell says she told Lauer that she was hesitant to go on TV because “people want to hear about interns in the bedroom, and I want to talk about gender in the writers’ room.”",
"\n\nScovell says that when she said, “You’re OK if I don’t discuss Dave sleeping with interns?” ",
"Lauer replied with a laugh, “Hey, I couldn’t be held to that high standard.”",
"\n\nScovell writes, “Matt’s ‘joke’ made me queasy. ",
"With apologies, I passed a second time.”",
"\n\nThe book’s out March 20 from Dey Street."
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"Q:\n\nStored procedures and Triggers in PostgreSQL\n\nI never used these two features in PostgreSQL. ",
"Which language is used to write stored procedures and triggers in PGSQL? ",
"Is it the same that Oracle or SQL Server follows or it is C?",
"\n\nA:\n\nFar more common for writing functions is pl/pgsql but you can use C if you really want to.",
"\n\n"
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"This invention relates to providing an insulative backshell for a connector yet maintaining strain relief and shield continuity from the braid shield of a shielded cable through a shield member in a connector to the shell of the connector, and in particular to providing a strain relief that simultaneously provides strain relief to a shielded cable terminated to an electrical connector and electrical continuity between the cable shielding and the shield surrounding the connector.",
"\nWhen conductors of a cable are electrically terminated to contacts on a connector, strain relief arrangements are utilized to prevent forces on the cable from being transmitted to the conductor to contact terminations. ",
"The cable is typically secured to the housing to transfer forces to which the cable is subjected thereto.",
"\nGood strain relief of a cable terminated to a connector requires proper compression of the cable. ",
"Too much compression can reduce the cross sectional area of conductor strands, or in the extreme severe conductor strands, while too little compression of the cable permits undesirable movement of the cable within the strain relief structure. ",
"Prior art strain relief systems have used latching segments in serrated form which engage corresponding segments only at stepped locations. ",
"These strain relief systems, which require movement of fingers in a direction perpendicular to the cable axis, lock into place only after excessive compression of the cable. ",
"Various bolted strain relief systems have been used but typically have multiple parts that must be attached to a connector.",
"\nIt would be desirable to have a strain relief system for a connector having an insulative housing with internal shield members that could establish and maintain electrically continuity between the cable shielding and the shielding surrounding the connector."
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"See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a\n * full listing of individual contributors.",
"\n *\n * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.",
"\n * You may obtain a copy of the License at\n * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n * distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.",
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[
"\"Already looking toward the year 2000 A.D., the president of the\nNational Education Association, Catherine Barrett, wrote in the Feb. 10,\n1973, issue of the Saturday Review of Education, that 'dramatic changes\nin the way we will raise children in the year 2000 are indicated,\nparticularly in terms of schooling.... We will need to recognize that\nthe so-called \"basic skills\" which currently represent nearly\nthe total effort in elementary schools, will be taught in one- quarter\nof the present school-day.... When this happens--and it is nearly\nhere--the teacher can rise to his true calling. ",
"More than a dispenser of\ninformation, the teacher will be a conveyor of values, a philosopher....\nWe will be the agents of change'.\"",
"\n\nDennis Lawrence Cuddy, Ph.D.\n\nTable of Contents\n\nJust What Is Going On?",
"\n\nWhat OBE Reveals About Itself\n\nHow OBE Was Conceived And Given Birth\n\nOBE And The Catholic Educational Scene\n\nAlternative Source Of Values\n\nToward A Socialist Transformation Of The West\n\nJust What Is Wrong With OBE?",
"\n\nPoisoning The Future\n\nDennis Laurence Cuddy, Ph.D., Now Is The Dawning Of\nThe New Age New World Order, Hearthstone Publishing LTD., ",
"Oklahoma\nCity, OK, p. 176.",
"\n\nText\n\nSome years ago, a school bus and its cargo of children\nwas captured, hidden away, and the passengers held for ransom. ",
"The shock\nof this perversion of purpose, the take-over of children put to the\npurposes of a kidnapper, taken advantage of in their presence together\nfor transport to and from school, was felt world wide. ",
"It was recognized\nthat the trust of both parents and the children had been violated by\nsomeone bent on achieving a purpose of his ownextorting\nfrom those who cared for and loved those children what he wanted.",
"\n\nMore and more personsparents\nespeciallyare asking if\nsomething similar is not being done under the guise of what is called\n\"outcome-based education.\" ",
"If the critics of this development\nin schooling are correct, certain philosophers and ideologically\nmotivated educators have taken over classrooms and are holding students\nhostage to the ideas and theories of what should be learned and\naccepted. ",
"If this is so, then education is being turned from its purpose\nof formation through offering truth and wisdom in keeping with the\ndignity of the human person to indoctrination by means of both inclusion\nand omission to advance subjective purposes and ideologies.",
"\n\nThe very possibility alone demands the matter be\nexamined closely, which this monograph will attempt to do. ",
"The future of\nhuman society and culture obviously depends on what can be established\nin this regard.",
"\n\nJust What Is Going On?",
"\n\nProponents of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) insist there\nis nothing sinister happening. ",
"OBE is simply an effort to improve and\nsharpen education of our young people, especially in view of the\nimpending Third Millennium. ",
"In this outlook, OBE is a means of making\nsure today's students can implement and apply what they have learned,\nputting it into practice in an increasingly complex and challenging\nenvironment. ",
"The emphasis, therefore, is practicalthe\nliving of learningrather\nthan simply accumulating information. ",
"It perhaps could be summarized\nwith a motto, \"Doing More Than Knowing.\"",
"\n\nBut there is a wealth of evidence that there is more to\nit than that. ",
"And the totality of evidence suggests that the real\n\"outcome\" being sought is to determine what students as\ntomorrow's citizens will do and toward what purpose by controlling what\nthey learn and what they fail to learn now. ",
"Thus, the recent deemphasis\nof history in Littleton, Colorado, public high schools after two OBE\nenthusiasts were elected to the school board, despite the fact they\ninsisted, when running for office, that they supported a stress on\nbasics. ",
"History is not very basic for OBE people because it unmasks\nfoolishness and points out wisdom. ",
"It verifies unchanging truths and\nprinciples in the experience of our ancestors. ",
"Those determined to\ndiscredit such things dare not let those they are teaching look\nbackward.",
"\n\nIn September, 1995, Robert Holland, op-ed page editor of\nthe Richmond Times-Dispatch, wrote:\n\n\". . . ",
"Hundreds of people from all parts of the\ncountry have called me the past two years to ask my advice on how to\nhalt the monolithic OBE (Outcome-Based Education) movement and\neffort of the education/industrial complex to transform schooling\nradically according to engineered 'outcomes'many\nof them based on Skinnerian behavior modification.",
"\"[1] (The late\nB.J. Skinner, advocate of the possibility and desirability of\ncontrolling all human behavior through psychological manipulation.FM)\n\nHolland lists some of the things his callers reported:\nAsking children strange and personal questions; failure to correct\nstudents' misspellings; ending honors course in Western Civilization;\nrequiring children to perform community service; promoting the notion\nthe school is the children's family; junking grades, texts, class\nrankings.",
"\n\nAnother writer, Candace de Russy, gives some questions\nasked of students that are indeed strange and personal, and under\nfederal sponsorship, no less. ",
"Among the questions:\n\n\"(Does) the\nprospect of working most of my adult life depress me?\"",
"\n\n\"Are\nyou routinely left at home without adults being there?\"",
"\n\n\"Have\nyou ever thought about killing yourself?\"",
"\n\n\"Have you ever\nworried about your birth father's drinking too much or using\ndrugs?\"",
"\n\n\"Have you ever been touched sexually by anyone (adult\nor young person) in a way that you felt was inappropriate?\"",
"\n\n\"Are you expected to do chores and help out at home?\"[2]\n\nIn a test on a story titled, \"Your Dad Is a\nWimp?\" ",
"the highest grade given fourth-graders went to a pupil who\nwrote it would be \"fun\" to be part of a family like that of\nthe character Jesse, whose mother worked and whose father stayed home\ncooking. ",
"The lowest score went to a pupil who wrote he wouldn't like to\nlive with a family like Jesse's, being happy in a family that can be\npresumed to be the traditional one with Dad working and Mom at home.",
"\n\nAnother way to earn a low score in such testing is to\nhold firm to views in place before certain recommended reading and\ndialogue occurred, or (in a discussion supposedly concerning the\nmathematics of corn production) for even mentioning herbicides or\npesticides as means of increasing crop yield.[3]\n\nThe Phyllis Schlafly Report[4] tells of an\nattempt (in 1995) to introduce a \"Multicultural Nonsexist Education\nPlan\" into the Des Moines (IA) public school district. ",
"This called\nfor developing gay/lesbian information modules that could be \"fully\nintegrated\" by what the plan itself called infusion into every\nlevel of school: \"To use the instructional materials selection\ncycle to infuse information regarding gay/lesbian/bisexual issues into\nthe curriculum.\" ",
"Some of the discussion to be generated by this\ninfusion was to concern \"same-gender families and parenting:\nevolution of the modern gay/lesbian/bisexual identity . . .; ",
"information\non gender/sexual orientation and the natural diversity present in human\nbeings.\" ",
"The plan called for encouraging staff and student\nattendance at the annual \"Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth\nConference,\" for providing information on national marches for\n\"Lesbians and Gay Rights,\" for \"advertising the Gay and\nLesbian Resource Center in school newspapers,\" and for providing\n\"support for gay/lesbian/bisexual staff members.\"",
"\n\nThe plan apparently was placed on hold after\nconsiderable resistance. ",
"The Phyllis Schlafly Report commented:\n\n\"The curriculum is determined to use the public\nschools as a change agent to create 'student awareness of homophobic\nthinking and behavior and to compare these with other forms of prejudice\nand oppression'.\"",
"\n\nIf this plan is not specifically part of Outcome-Based\nEducation it certainly employs the OBE methodology and tactic, and would\nfit in without difficulty once OBE philosophy dominates the general\neducational purpose.",
"\n\nThe anecdotal and inferential evidence about what OBE is\nabout could fill a several-volume library. ",
"But the whole picture should\nbe filled on by evidence from OBE sources, statements, and revelations.",
"\n\nWhat OBE Reveals About Itself\n\nThe descriptive name for this movement and the education\nit promotes was given by Dr. William Spady, sociologist and director of\nthe International Center on Outcome-Based Education. ",
"Dr. Spady said that\nin his OBE, \"factual recall fade(s) into the background.",
"\"[5]\nThis fading out of fact from students' minds is a first and required\nstep for OBE's purpose --in the words of Prof. Benjamin Bloom, \"to\nchange the thoughts, feelings and actions of students.\" ",
"Dr. Spady\nconfirms that OBE is based on Prof. Bloom's theories, among which is\nthat the \"affective domain\" (feelings, beliefs, attitudes) is\nof supreme importance. ",
"Thus \"good teaching\" is described by\nthe Professor as \"the teacher's ability to challenge students'\nfixed beliefs.",
"\"[6]\n\nLuksik and Hoffecker give evidence of just what that\nmeans:\n\n\"'Changing Values' is the title of a student\nworksheet from Iowa. ",
"Its introduction tells pupils, 'The values of past\ngenerations do not always meet our present needs.",
"'The worksheet explains\nthat although some old values are still held, others have been replaced\nwith 'new values.' ",
"Students are told either to write 'no change' or to\nexplain what caused the 'new value' change. ",
"Look at just three of these\n'old' American beliefs:\"\n\n2. ",
"People ought to have large families.",
"\n\"4. ",
"Everyone has a right to have as many children as he or she\nwants.",
"\n\"6. ",
"Americans have a right to the resources of the world.",
"\"[7]\n\nGovernmental interest in change-oriented education was\nidentified by B.J. Skinner himself, in his work Technology of\nTeaching, 1968:\n\n\"Absolute power in education is not a serious issue\ntoday because it seems out of reach. ",
"However, a technology of teaching\nwill need to be much more powerful if the race with catastrophe is to be\nwon, and it may then, like any powerful technology, need to be\ncontained. ",
"An appropriate counter control will not be generated as a\nrevolt against aversive measures but by a policy designed to maximize\nthe contribution which education will make to the strength of the\nculture. ",
"The issue is important because the government of the future\nwill probably operate mainly through educational techniques.",
"\"[8]\n\nWhat Skinner was saying is that future government will\nmake an ally of education and its technology to reinforce its rule and\nthe culture favorable to it. (",
"The Communist theoretician Antonio Gramsci\nadvanced approximately the same thesis in the 1920s regarding the\nascendancy of the Marxism he was acting for. ",
"Both Skinner and Gramsci\nare being proven correct in large areas of Outcome-Based Education.)",
"\n\nThe federal government's interest and participation in\nOBE dates back well over a decade. ",
"U.S. Department of Education funds\nsupport the \"Mastery in Learning Project\" being carried on at\nnine regional laboratories.[9] \"Mastery Learning\" was an\nearlier name before Dr. Spady renamed what is now more commonly called\nOutcome-Based Education. ",
"No matter what it is called, this kind of\n\"education\" is more Skinnerian, Pavlovian training, with\nbehavior, control, and compliance the goal as revealed by\n\"outcome\"which is to say\nnot only acceptance of a desired viewpoint (or as now called a\n\"politically correct\" position) but also the effective use of\nthat position in community, converting that viewpoint into active\ninvolvement.",
"\n\nAs Texas Congressman Dick Armey explained it to his\ncolleagues, \"OBE shifts a school's focus from how much students\nknow (cognitive outcomes) to how well they're socialized (affective\noutcomes).... It weans children from their parents' values to instill in\nthem politically correct, secular-left values.",
"\"[10] Armey wrote\nfellow Congressmen that \"Goals 2000 does all of this, via a new\nnational school board called NESIC.\"",
"\n\n\"Goals 2000\" is part of the title of the\nClinton Administration's \"Educate America Act\" passed by both\nbodies of the U.S. Congress in early 1994. ",
"It mandates an unprecedented\nintrusion into local control of education, and states as a primary goal\nthat \"all students will be involved in activities that demonstrate\ncommunity service.",
"\"[11] NESIC is the National Education Standards\nCouncil set up by the Clinton act. ",
"This council will certify what all\nstudents should know and be able to do--which is precisely OBE at its\nessence.",
"\n\nHow OBE Was Conceived And Given Birth\n\nLong before it was known as OBE, the seeds for it were\nsown abroad by those such as the Fabian ideologue, H.G. Wells. ",
"He wrote\nthese prophetic statements in his 1934 autobiography:\n\n\"The organization of this that I call the Open\nConspiracy, the evocation of a greater sounder fellow to the Communist\nessay, an adequately implemented Liberal Socialism, which will\nultimately supply teaching, coercive and directive public services to\nthe whole world, is the immediate task....\n\n\". . . ",
"Its coming is likely to happen very\nquickly.... Sometimes I feel that generations of propaganda and\neducation may have to precede it. . . ",
"Plans for political synthesis seem\nto grow bolder and more extensive.",
"\"[12]\n\nAfter reading Wells' autobiography, Franklin D.\nRoosevelt on Feb. 1935, wrote the British socialist-futurist:\n\n\"How do you manage to retain such extraordinarily\nclear judgments?. . .. ",
"I believe our (the New Deal) biggest success is\nmaking people think during these past two years. ",
"They may not think\nstraight but they are thinking in the right direction . . . ",
"and your\ndirection and mine are not so far apart; at least we both seek peaceable\nconveyances in our travels.",
"\"[13]\n\nOn Nov. 20, 1936, Wells spoke to the Royal Institution\nof Great Britain on \"World Encyclopaedia,\" suggesting a new\nsocial organization, \"a new institution\" of that name:\n\n\"(World Encyclopaedia) would play the role of an\nundogmatic Bible to a world culture.... It would hold the world together\nmentally.... Ultimately, if our dream is realized, it must exert a very\ngreat influence upon everyone who controls administrations, makes wars,\ndirects mass behavior, feeds, moves, starves and kills populations....\nYou see how such an Encyclopaedic organization could spread like a\nnervous network, a system of mental control around the globe.",
"\"[14]\n\nEarlier Wells had written that such an organization of\n\"intelligent and quite possibly in some cases wealthy men\"\nwould at the most \"utilize existing apparatus of political\ncontrol\" to attain its ends.",
"\n\nFDR had written Wells in December of 1933, thanking him\nfor \"doing much to educate people everywhere,\" saying he (FDR)\nhad read \"almost everything that you have written.",
"\"[15] In\n1941, in his annual message to Congress, FDR defined a world which would\nguarantee to everyone \"Four Freedoms,\" namely, Freedom of\nSpeech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom From Want, Freedom From Fear. ",
"It is\nnot surprising to learn:\n\n\"From 1931, Harold Ickes belonged to an elite corps\ncalling itself the Government (later, National) Planning Association,\nwhich drafted the tentative blueprint for the New Deal in consultation\nwith the Fabian-sponsored group in London known as PEP (Political and\nEconomic Planning).\"[16]\n\nThe Clinton Administration, which is fronting for OBE\nwith both legislation and tax monies, is the heir to the New Deal.",
"\nWhether it is being used by the Renaissance (a group of intelligent and,\nin most cases, wealthy, persons confirming Wells' prediction)\norganization to which Clinton himself belongs is not of immediate\npractical importance. ",
"OBE is the genius of Goals 2000, and far from\nbeing voluntary as some of its defenders claim, the purpose of Goals\n2000 is to use funding to coerce all state educational systems to\ncomply. ",
"That, too, Wells had foreseen as Liberal Socialism's peaceable\nbut coercive method. ",
"Dr. Cuddy comments on the supposed voluntary\ncharacter of Goals 2000:\n\n\"Because the . . . ",
"goals are codified under this\nlaw, it is a major power move by the federal government toward\nnationalizing American education, despite proponents' assurance that the\nlaw says participation is voluntary. ",
"When Congress provides about $1\nbillion for Goals 2000 over the next 3 years, it will be an offer that\nmost states and local education agencies cannot refuse.",
"\"[17]\n\nClinton's own education secretary, Richard Reilly,\npoints to economics as the force that will enroll most states in this\nprogram.[18]\n\nOBE and the Catholic Educational Scene\n\nIt would be thought that for many reasons, some\ndiscussed in the final segment of this monograph, that Catholics would\nbe immune to the methods, promises, and purposes of OBE. ",
"Unfortunately,\nthat is not the case. ",
"Not only do the economic pressures discussed above\napply to private as well as public schools, the desire of many Catholic\neducators to be \"accredited\" and to match public schools in\nprofessionalism (which ironically would mean steps backwards in genuine\nexcellence) lure many Catholic schools to bow to the pressure toward OBE\nconformity. ",
"Further, the uncritical and often superficial thought\nrevealed in imprudent reforms imagined to implement \"the spirit of\nVatican II,\" has led many of the new generation of Catholic\neducators to accept the claims and methods of behaviorist psychology. ",
"A\nclassic case of Outcome-Based Education was practiced on the leadership\nof the Immaculate Heart of Mary (IHM) community of nuns in Los Angeles.",
"\nOne of the practitioners in that case, Dr. William Coulson, has drawn\nback in shock from the results, which had the former nuns abandoning\ntheir former goals and even their religious vocations.[19]\n\nSr. ",
"M. Ann Eckhoff, S.S.N.D., superintendent of\neducation for the Archdiocese of St. Louis, writing in Education St.\nLouis in December, 1993, explained \"a number of school\ndistricts along with the Archdiocese are attempting to collaborate in\nthe formation of a demonstration site for 'testing out' new ways of\nlearning.\" ",
"Those new ways will include: \"Emphasis on the\nprocess rather than the right answer.",
"\"[20]\n\nA book review in the Pilot, official newspaper of\nthe Boston Archdiocese, reveals and sounds a needed alarm about this\nseduction of Catholic education by OBE subjectivism. ",
"This highly\nsignificant review must be quoted at length:\n\n\"The issue of 'Catholic identity' of our schools\nis, in the view of many bishops, pastors, educators and parents, central\nto the survival and effectiveness of our schools. ",
"The way the central\nissue is treated in this book is disappointing. ",
"It relies on an\nextremely caricatured comparison of a 'pre-Vatican II' and 'post-Vatican\nII' Church. ",
"This section is not the work of the major authors but of a\nHelen Marks, a former Dominican sister. ",
"One suspects that the rhetoric .",
"\n. . ",
"reflects more of her own odyssey than a theologically sophisticated\nor accurate analysis of the reality of the meaning and impact of Vatican\nII at which she dramatically asserts 'the Catholic Church recovered its\nsoul.' (",
"p. 51)\n\n\"If the 'inspirational ideology' which the book\nasserts is the new guiding vision for Catholic schools, then those\nconcerned about the schools' Catholic identity had better take notice.",
"\nIn several places the book states that the new purpose is 'to pursue\npeace and social justice within an ecumenical and multicultural world.'",
"\nLaudable as such an effort is, one suspects that it is not the specific\npurpose of the school but the wider goal of the whole Christian\ncommunity. ",
"The school must impart to its students the intellectual and,\nyes, theological building blocks to make it possible for students to\nmake significant contributions to such an effort.",
"\n\n\"This will demand a quality religious education\nprogram rooted in the Church's deepest understanding of the mysteries of\nfaithespecially the\nIncarnation and salvific redemption by Jesus Christwhich\nare the deepest and surest foundations of Catholic effort at societal\ntransformation.",
"\n\n\"None of this is suggested by this book. ",
"Rather it\nexudes what Avery Dulles calls 'the hermeneutics of discontinuity'promoting\nthe myth of some kind of radical new Catholicism that was given birth to\nat the Council. ",
"The book assures us that a Catholic school with this\n'new vision' will have abandoned its attitudes of being 'uncompromising\non its claims on truth' or seeing 'Catholic doctrine as received truth,\nthe unchanging \"deposit of faith\" that must be handed down\nthrough successive generations'....\n\n\"According to the book all of this outdated concern\nwith the Church's faith and truth has been replaced by a new style of\nreligious education: 'Religion teachers now encourage personal\ninterpretation and discussion in which students share their religious\nviews...student-led prayers and creative liturgies center on friendship,\nbelonging and reaching out to others'.",
"\n\n\"If, as the book asserts, all this represents 'the\nevolutionary transformation within Catholic schools over three decades'\n(p. 10), then, I suspect we are in a problem situation and that our\nschools are fostering instead of combatting the slide into 'cultural\nCatholicism,' which has been observed by recent commentators.",
"\"[21]\n\nAlternative Source Of Values\n\nAbraham Maslow, one of the behaviorist psychologists\nwhose theories served to smash to pieces the California Immaculate Heart\nof Mary sisterhood, was quoted in Pace magazine (December, 1969):\n\n\"Now religions have cracked up . . . (",
"Children)\nhave no source of values to go by. ",
"So they have to work everything out\nfor themselves. ",
"This new humanistic revolution has an alternative source\nof values.\"",
"\n\nThat source obviously is humanism. ",
"Maslow was 1967\nHumanist of the Year. ",
"It seems inescapable that the psychologists whose\ntheories move OBE were actively involved with what Maslow calls the\ncrack-up of religions, so that Humanism would be able to put those\npieces of \"cracked up\" religion together in the image of their\nown minds. ",
"Even those not given to credit conspiracies of such magnitude\nmust see something preternatural about such fostered outcomes.",
"\n\nIt might have been humanism which Fr. ",
"John A. Hardon S.J.,\nhad in mind when he wrote:\n\n\"Is there one basic error among those who are\nexalting human freedom? ",
"Yes, it is the error of divorcing human freedom\nfrom dependence on God. ",
"This is practical atheism, as identified by the\nSecond Vatican Council. ",
"Each person's conscience is given the status of\na supreme tribunal of moral judgment. ",
"Here the subjective conscience\nbecomes ruler in moral matters apart from the mind and will Of\nGod.",
"\"[22]\n\nIn 1907 Msgr. ",
"Robert Hugh Benson gave a chillingly\nprophetic vision of that sort of atheism (though perhaps not merely\npractical) that we are increasingly facing as today's reality: \". .",
"\n. ",
"In 1917 . . . ",
"Communism really began . . . ",
"The new order began then .",
"\n. . (",
"After 1989) the final scheme of Western Free Trade . . .",
"\nEsotericism is making enormous strides . . . ",
"and that means Pantheism .",
"\n. . ",
"Patriotism has been dying fast . . . (",
"There is) this European\nparliament . . . (",
"They believe) cooperation is the one hope of the world\n. . . (",
"There will be) the alliance of Psychology and Materialism . . .",
"\nWith the release Act in 1998 . . . (",
"there were) the ministers of\neuthanasia . . . (",
"The Lord of the World) had a magnetic character . . .",
"\nrising out of the heaving dun-coloured waters of American Socialism like\na vision . . . ",
"The press was engineered with extraordinary adroitness .",
"\n. . ",
"The world is one now, not many. ",
"Individualism is dead . . . ",
"For any\none to say that they believe in God--it is high treason . . . ",
"The\nHumanity Religion was the only one. ",
"Man was God....\"[23]\n\nJust a few more developments and the above will not have\nany fiction left in itit\nwill be fact foreseen by this British convert-priest long before it had\nhappened. ",
"And either OBE or something very much like it will have had an\nimportant part in making the prophecy come true.",
"\n\nToward A Socialist Transformation Of The West\n\nAntonio Gramsci, Italian revolutionist of the early 20th\nCentury, was a prophet of methodology for change, the methodology of\nideological and cultural infiltration using all means, and especially\neducation, as the carrier. ",
"Gramsci considered \"two\nrevolutions,\"[24] the one waged by Communism in Europe and\ncomprised of uprisings, seizure of power, subversion aimed at destroying\nexisting structures, and transferred to the United States particularly\nafter the collapse of prosperity. ",
"This revolution was unwinnable, in\nGramsci's thesis, because it had not first won over the mind of the\nexisting order and structure. ",
"Only by so doing, he argued, could that\norder and structure be replaced by the Marxist socialist apparatus.",
"\n\nGramsci framed the second, and winnable, revolution in\nterms of \"ideological hegemony\"breaking\ndown that hegemony enjoyed by bourgeois-capitalist domination of culture\nand then \"reification\" (bringing into concrete reality) of the\nMarxist view to replace it. ",
"The struggle therefore was for nothing less\nthan the total mind and soul of existing culture that the revolutionists\nwished to overthrow and replace:\n\n\"Gramsci's definition of ideological hegemony was .",
"\n. . ",
"broad. ",
"It encompassed the whole range of values, attitudes,\nbeliefs, cultural norms, legal precepts, etc., ",
"that to one degree or\nanother permeated civil society, that solidified the class structure and\nthe multiple forms of domination that pass through it. ",
"The arenas of\nideological- cultural transmissions are infinite: the state,\nlegal system, workplace, schools, churches, bureaucracies, cultural\nactivities, the media, the family. ",
"Hegemony quite clearly embraces far\nmore than single, well-defined ideologies (e.g., liberalism) that can be\nsaid to reflect (and mystify) the interests of dominant classes. ",
"In\ncapitalist societies it might include not only the competitive\nindividualism diffused by liberalism but also the social atomization and\ndepoliticization produced by bureaucracy, the fatalism instilled by\nreligion, the state-worship fanned by nationalism, and the sexism\nwhich grows out of the family.",
"\"[25] (emphasis added).",
"\n\nThe author of the above words might have been thinking\nabout many aspects of OBE when he wrote the following summary of\nGramsci's plan for socialist victory:\n\n\"Though its influence would not be felt until years\nlater, Gramscian Marxism contributed immensely to the development of a\ncritical- dialectical theory insofar as it refocused attention on the\nideological conditions necessary for a democratic socialist\ntransformation of the West. ",
"The concept of hegemony was vital for such a\nrenewal because it encouraged the thematic reintegration of ideology,\nculture, and consciousness into a Marxian framework without joining the\ncommon flight from politics. ",
"In doing so, it restored emphasis upon\npolitical education as a 'moral intellectual' force that would subvert\nthe legitimating principles of bourgeois society and further lay\nthe foundations of a secular and emancipatory 'integrated culture.' ",
"It\nwould be a revolutionary pedagogy firmly grounded in the praxis of\neveryday political struggles. ",
"For Gramsci, this meant a vast theoretical\nreconstruction of Marxism along a whole range of decidedly 'subjective'\nproblems: the formation of mass consciousness, rule of the\nintellectuals, nature of the party, and genesis of political\nstrategy.",
"\"[26]\n\nThe modus operandi of OBE could have the\nfollowing words of Gramsci as a motto:\n\n\"Ideas and opinions are not simultaneously 'born'\nin each individual brain: they have had a center of formation, of\nirradiation, or dissemination, of persuasiona\ngroup of men, or a single individual even, which has developed them and\npresented them in the current form of political reality.",
"\"[27]\n\nIn Latin America, Gramsci's \"reification\"\nbecomes \"conscientization\" as an instrument of what admirers\nof Paulo Freire, Gramsci disciple, call \"transformational\neducation.\" ",
"This kind of education results (and is intended to\nresult) in such things as:\n\n\"Seeing things from a new perspective;\n\n\"The way the non-poor see the world must change;\n\n\"A new way of perceiving;\n\n\"New feelings;\n\n\"New perspectives arise;\n\n\"It's a different kind of consciousness I bring to the\nissues;\n\n\"A complete reshaping of the participants' view of themselves\nand of their world;\n\n\"A radical new reorientation is to result in a reordering of\nvalues and new ways of acting out those values in individual\nbehavior and in political and social action for change;\n\nWilliam Bean Kennedy's analysis of where and how\n\"transformational education\" originates and functions is\nhighly instructive of just what is facing today's world at the hands of\nsome determined ideologues:\n\n\"In his classic essay in the Depression years of the 1930's,\nGeorge Counts asks this question: 'Dare the schools change the social\norder?' . . . ",
"A more modest question: 'Can transformation education make\na contribution toward changing the social order?' ",
"Obviously the large\nmacrostructural context for these efforts at education for\ntransformation threatens to overwhelm the participants because of the\nideological conditioning to which they are subjected and the powerful\nobstacles to change that they face. ",
"Why then do they make the effort?",
"\n\n\"Probably the persons who created these models were themselves\nbeneficiaries of some kind of creative and prophetic learning about\nsociety and of a vision for the society that came from historical and\nreligious traditions. ",
"In different ways they became committed to\nexpenditure of time and energy, to some form of exposure to different\nenvironments, to risky experiments.",
"\"[29]-[30]\n\nKennedy was commenting on models for bringing about change developed\nand/or discussed at various consultations and meetings of the\nAssociation of Professors and Researchers in Religious Education and the\nReligious Education Association. ",
"Obviously, from the reports in the work\nproduced by Kennedy and others, these educators for the most part are\nadmirers of Freire and hard at work through education to bring about his\nMarxist goals. ",
"That they have chosen the very methods and often the\nterminology that is general throughout Outcome-Based Education should\nput all concerned on notice: OBE involves converting all exposed to it\nto the subjective and often subversive ideas of those few who consider\nthemselves called to pull down structures, overturn values, implant\ntheir own ideas, and thereby \"reinvent power\" and in doing so\ntake control of culture, society, and the state.",
"\n\nJust What Is Wrong With OBE?",
"\n\nDoesn't all education attempt to inculcate values, to\nbring about outcomes in terms of acceptance of what is taught and the\nability to apply it in situations of life? ",
"Of course. ",
"But there are\ndistinct differences in that exercise between OBE and traditional\neducation.",
"\n\nTraditional education appeals to the intellect first and\nprimarily on the basis of the reasonableness of what is taught, the\nsuccess it has shown in the past, the universal acceptance of the\nsignificance of what is taught, and demonstrated applications of it for\nculture considered universally as salutary and fruitful.",
"\n\nIn this, the education is in keeping with the human\nnature of both teachers and students. ",
"Such education is liberating\nbecause it reveals to the student what it means to be human, to\ninteriorize objective reality for the good of others, building on that\nreality and developing its potential for a society that recognizes\ngenuinely human needs and aspirations.",
"\n\nOBE, on the other hand, pre-establishes outcomes based\non the subjective concerns or personal predictions of the future by\nthinkers and their allies in education who for the most part are seeking\nradical change. ",
"And all too often those \"outcomes\" are\nuntried, unproved, doubtful in their human significance. ",
"They make up\nwhat psychologist W. J. Coulson calls \"The Foolishness of\nFuturism.\" ",
"Dr. Coulson quotes William Spady, godfather of OBE, in\nan interview with Ron Brandt, Executive editor of the Association for\nSupervision and Curriculum Development (an arm of the National Education\nAssociation):\n\nWe are starting with what the research suggests about\nthe future and we design down, or design back, from there. ",
"We're talking\nabout a systematic process called Strategic Design; determining as well\nas we can from studying the literature and available data about future\ntrends and conditions that our kids will be facing out there in the\nworld. ",
"Once we get a reasonable handle on those conditions we derive\nfrom them a set of complex role performance outcomes that represent\neffective adult functioning; to succeed as adults people will have to be\nable to do this or that under these and those kinds of conditions.\"",
"\n\nDr. Coulson comments in a footnote to that bit of\nSpadyism:\n\n\"How can we get a reasonable handle on what doesn't\nexist? ",
"Our assessment of 'handles' will be as inventive as our\nassessment of future conditions. ",
"Why should we trust the futurists? ",
"See,\nfor example Christopher Cerf and Victor Navasky's The Experts\n(N.Y.: Pantheon, 1984) which lists hundreds of failed predictions about\nthe future.",
"\"[31]\n\nIt is clear why future-minded OBE must wipe out courses\nabout the pasthistory, literature,\netc. ",
"Such studies will often contradict the values and the outcomes\npredicted by the futurists, and in fact reveal the failure of such\n\"inventiveness\" in the past. ",
"The future is a gamble;\npredictions may be bets on \"wisdom\" and \"goodness\"\nthat in the past have been unmasked as sham. ",
"The best of the past is\nperennial, applying to mankind in all ages; it is impossible to know in\nadvance what will be valuable continuations of such perennial values,\nand what will be faux gems or echoes of ancient failures. ",
"No\nwonder OBE disdains past wisdoms and ancient learnings. ",
"As Dr. Coulson\nputs it: \". . . ",
"OBE aims to defeat academics; schools that adopt it\nwill see excellence disappear, for OBE is fundamentally\nanti-intellectual.\"",
"\n\nIn being anti-intellectual OBE, betrays the very\nfunctioning and faculties which distinguish humans from brutes. ",
"It is\ntraining, as is done to animals, rather than education which is offered\nto humans, even young ones. ",
"And as with animals who are trained, the\nresponse is automatic, not free; the intellect is bypassed, so that the\nwill may be captured, to a great extent through the emotions and\nconditioned responses. ",
"The ignorance of brute animals about what is\nhappening to them in regard to outcome training is purposely applied to\nOBE.",
"\n\n\"First, the OBE facilitator wants to begin with a\nclean slate, so to speak. ",
"That is, (the facilitators) want a mind free\nfrom prior knowledge or beliefs.",
"\n\n\"Then knowledge and the key to acquiring it (e.g.,\nproper reading instruction) will be withheld.",
"\n\n\"After this, they begin the 'process' with Mastery\nLearning, i.e., stimulus/response, dialectic thinking and\nassessment-remediation (s/r) and reassessment. (",
"Stimulus/response is the\nsame process that is used to train animals.)",
"\n\n\"The children must have their minds cleansed of\nprior beliefs, attitudes and values. (",
"Of course, if children begin going\nto school at three months of age, think of the time they'll save later).",
"\nAltering the child's state of consciousness is one process to accomplish\nthis. . ",
".the programmers call it Meditation, Visualization, or Attention\nControl.... All this is done under the pretense of teaching the child to\nrelax, or maybe to visualize.... Then the subconscious is fed the\nrelevant information....\"[32]\n\nPoisoning The Future\n\nThe philosophic genealogy of OBE is as perverse as that\nof Naziism or Communism. ",
"Dr. Coulson identifies the poisoned well of\nU.S. education to be the mind of the late John Dewey:\n\n\"Almost all the growth-oriented educational\nexperiments of this American century have derived from the writings of\nphilosopher John Dewey. ",
"Rogers' were no exception; he had come under\nDewey's influence as a graduate student at Teachers College, Columbia\nUniversity, in the 1920's.",
"\"[33]\n\nEchoing Dewey, Rogers said of a student unfortunate\nenough to run afoul of OBE:\n\n\"His learning will not be confined to the ancient\nintellectual concepts and specializations. ",
"It will not be a preparation\nfor living. ",
"It will be, in itself, an experience in living.",
"\nFeelings of inadequacy, hatred, a desire for power, feelings of love and\nawe and respect, feelings of fear and dread, unhappiness with parents or\nwith other childrenall these\nwill be an open part of his curriculum, as worthy of exploration as\nhistory or mathematics. . \"[",
"34]\n\nIf this makes the students of our age appear as\npsychological subjects more than thinking and maturing normal human\nbeings, it is no accident. ",
"For the evil genius of OBE is, quite clearly,\nwhat Dr. Coulson calls \"trash psychology\":\n\n\"'Self-directing growth from within' was . . . ",
"the\ntheme of Carl Rogers' earlier, well-known approach to clinical\npsychology, called client-centered therapy (and earlier yet,\nnondirective counseling.) ",
"But in practice . . . ",
"Rogers resisted a long\ntime before yielding to the idea that nondirectiveness in adults\nsuffices to promote learning in children.\"",
"\n\nOf course, it really doesn't; it promotes subordination\nof students to the whims, fantasies, \"do what I will\" excesses\nof the most daringly and frankly corrupt:\n\n\"Well-brought-up children ought to avoid sharing\nintimacies with poorly brought-up children. ",
"Instead, in classroom\ndiscussion sessions that I have referred to elsewhere as faux\npsychotherapy (and that remains a key element in OBE) all children alike\nare obliged to 'share' and to 'listen'.",
"\"[35]-[36]\n\nRichard Chadbourne has called Dewey and lapsed priest\nErnest Renan, Dewey's senior by a generation and much admired by the\nAmerican educationist, \"Two Organizers of Divinity.",
"\"[37]\nChadbourne wrote:\n\nIt is no wonder that one step beyond we find this quite\npossibly accurate prediction by feminist leader Gloria Steinem:\n\n\"By the year 2000 we will, I hope, raise our\nchildren to believe in human potential, not God.",
"\"[38]\n\nAll who agree with her can count on OBE to pave the way.",
"\n\nFrank Morriss\nWheat Ridge, CO\n\n(It is quite clear the highjackers of the school bus\ndo not intend to return the children for ransom. ",
"Their purpose is the\npower to change the children into their own image, in blasphemous\nimitation of God's creation. ",
"They don't intend to return the children at\nall.) ",
"FM"
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[
"With meat production contributing 15% of the world’s greenhouse gases, curbing carnivorous diets sounds like a healthy option for the planet. ",
"However, meat consumption shows no signs of slowing down -- convincing people to give up something they love is not easy,\n\nLeaders often cite fears of a consumer backlash as an excuse to avoid introducing a tax that would help reduce the amount of meat people buy. ",
"But a recent report across 12 countries suggests these fears are exaggerated. ",
"According to research by think-tank Chatham House, consumers would be more willing to pay a tax on meat than governments think.",
"\n\nSound appetising? ",
"One month on from the climate negotiations in Paris and with many of us still reeling from the delights of a home-cooked Christmas turkey, we want to know what YOU think. ",
"Could you stomach a meat tax? ",
"Take our poll below.",
"\n\nWhy are we even talking about taxing meat?",
"\n\nMeat production produces more greenhouse gases than cars, trains, planes and ships combined. ",
"These greenhouse gasses are produced via methane emitted by livestock, by the consumption of energy and transportation by farmers, by the destruction of forests for pasture, and by the production of fertiliser for animal feed. ",
"Beef is the major culprit here - emissions resulting from beef production are considerably higher than chicken or pork.",
"\n\nIt is now widely accepted that we need to stem the world’s growing appetite for meat if we want to stop global warming. ",
"Our love of meat combined with population growth means that global meat consumption is on track to increase 75% by 2050, which would make it pretty much impossible to keep global warming below the internationally agreed limit of 2C.\n\nCutting meat eating to healthy levels is a very low cost way of curbing emissions. ",
"And yet little action has been taken to achieve this.",
"\n\nThis may be true, but I LOVE MEAT AND DON’T WANT TO GIVE IT UP\n\nIt’s ok, stay calm, no one is going to force you to go veggie here. ",
"Meat is a good source of protein, vitamins and minerals in your diet.",
"\n\nBut excessive meat consumption is also linked to rising rates of heart disease and cancer, particularly bowel cancer. ",
"Doctors recommend that a healthy level of meat is around 70g a day. ",
"If we all heeded this advice, not only would we be healthier, we would also reduce carbon emissions by an amount equivalent to the annual output of the US, the world’s second biggest polluter.",
"\n\nOk, so what are our options? ",
"Do we HAVE to tax meat?",
"\n\nTaxing meat is just one of the ways that would help reduce our meat consumption. ",
"Other suggestions include running public information campaigns so that people know about the dangers of eating too much meat, and increasing vegetarian food in schools, hospitals and the armed forces.",
"\n\nOthers also propose cutting subsidies to livestock farmers: in 2012, industrialised nations paid a cool 18 billion US dollars in direct subsidies for the beef and veal industry, a further 7.3 billion USD for pig meat and 6.5 billion USD for poultry.",
"\n\nSo it’s a no brainer – we need to reduce our meat consumption.",
"\n\nThe question is: do we want to?"
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"Q:\n\nWorkout routine for 5 days a week\n\nI understand that working consecutive days without rest isn't ideal because it doesn't give your muscles enough time to repair themselves, but what if your daily workouts isolate particular muscles? ",
"Shown below is the workout routine I am currently using:\n\nMonday: chest and back (mostly push-up and pull-ups)\nTuesday: biceps (isolated bicep curls)\nWednesday: chest, shoulders and triceps (lots of compound shoulder/tri/chest exercises)\nThursday: legs and back (mostly squats/lunges/raises)\nFriday: biceps and triceps (mix of isolated and compound bi/tri exercises)\n\nThis workout gives me room to improve the areas that are underdeveloped (chest/arms) and simultaneously improves the supporting muscles (back/shoulders). ",
"My legs are already at their ideal level, so once a week of maintenance / small growth is all I need for them.",
"\nIt seems that each muscle group would have a day (or more) of rest before their next workout, but I am no expert so I may be overlooking something. ",
"Would this routine be counterproductive due to my muscles not getting enough rest between workouts?",
"\nNote: I am considering this routine because I don't have much time in my daily schedule to fit in three large workouts each week, so instead I want to do 5 smaller (15-20 minute) workouts that I can do at work while on break.",
"\n\nA:\n\nNo. ",
"This way of exercise is very common for top-athletes. ",
"By isolating muscle groups you can, as you describe, theoretically train and work on your muscle building continuously. ",
"It is very effective.",
"\nIt is though a tough way of exersicing, and it requires a lot of self discipline, planing and routine. ",
"It is very difficult to totally isolate specific muscle groups 100 %. ",
"Usually you can almost never stop unintended muscles to \"help\" other parts of the body, during high pressure and hard work. ",
"See link below. ",
"You must work on the planing, so you keep exhausted muscle groups at a \"distance\" from those, you work on next.",
"\nhttp://www.readysetgofitness.com/newsletter/17_Isolating_muscles.shtml\nOn the other hand, you may wish to be very strict with your diet and overall health. ",
"When keeping a constant and never-ending high pressure on your body through constant muscle work, you must be aware of your immune system and always be sure to get plenty of high-protein food etc. ",
"Be sure your body has optimal conditions for super-compensation, which I believe is what you are seeking to improve effectivily.",
"\nLastly, giving a specific muscle group just one day to compensate and regenerate is not much. ",
"It requires a good physical condition beforehand - or else you will need several days for the muscles to repair themselves and super-compensate.",
"\nThis link is an article about a scientific research on different animals on how well they supercompensate (looking at specific brain functions and chemicals) and how their supercompensation is improved over time.",
"\nhttp://jp.physoc.org/content/early/2011/11/07/jphysiol.2011.217919.abstract . ",
"It is not easy to find an article with exact information about how long one needs to rest between exercise. ",
"It's a very individual matter and depends both on physical condition in the moment and basically on how one is build.",
"\nThis all depends on the level of training severity you are experiencing. ",
"You mention a 15-20 minutes of exercise at a time several times a day, but exactly how hard you are training I can't know. ",
"You must fit the advice for your needs. ",
"And have fun.",
"\n\nA:\n\nPersonally I wouldn't use a workout like that at all.",
"\nThe problem is that the areas you are working on each day are not complementary. ",
"You're also over-working your arms and under-working your legs. ",
"A common exercise failing.",
"\nThink about it like this. ",
"Each of your major muscle groups has a complementary group.",
"\nYour chest has your back, biceps have triceps, quads have hamstrings etc. ",
"When you work these muscles together you actually stretch the complementary group, which is a good thing, and you also ensure that you not creating an imbalance within these groups which can lead to injury. ",
"\n@Aaron was correct when he talked about doing compound exercises. ",
"Just keep it simple. ",
"You don't need ten different exercises for your arms unless you are training for Mr. Olympia.",
"\nAre you sure you cannot devote more than 15 - 20 minutes each day for your workout? ",
"You certainly wouldn't be able to do anything particularly taxing in that time especially if you are training for strength.",
"\nAn ideal workout would be something like this:\n\nMonday - Chest and Back\nTuesday - Shoulders, biceps, triceps\nWednesday - Legs\n\nYou would also work your abs and calves on each day. ",
"Don't worry about over-training them as the muscle fibres are specifically designed to withstand a lot of punishment. ",
"Note how the larger muscle groups (chest, back) are trained before your arms. ",
"You really don't have to work your arms all that much to make them grow.",
"\nIf you really can't devote a little bit of extra time then maybe something like this would be better:\n\nMonday - Chest and back \nTuesday - Shoulders\nWednesday - Legs\nThursday - Biceps and triceps\n\nAgain calves and abs on every day (They really don't take long). ",
"This workout would give you three days to fully recover afterwards with a weeks gap between each isolated group so you should feel fresh still as each group repeats. ",
"You also have the benefit of developing a balanced physique.",
"\nAs @Steeven noted also, it's very important to ensure that you are eating properly. ",
"You can't train if you don't provide your body with the necessary fuel and not doing so can be very detrimental to your health.",
"\n\n"
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"I[NTRODUCTION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-1}\n==========================\n\nIn 1961, Barnett and Stephens first coined the term \"Ureterovascular hydronephrosis\" for children with pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) with crossing lower polar vessel (CLPV).\\[[@ref1]\\] They discredited the term \"aberrant\" for these vessels that they thought were normal lower polar segmental vessels with abnormal origin directly from the aorta. ",
"Preoperative knowledge of their presence may help keep the surgeon vigilant to avoid any iatrogenic injury, especially in the laparoscopic era. ",
"Color Doppler ultrasonography (US), helical computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) have been used with success in detection of CLPV in children with PUJO. ",
"However, these investigations do not form part of the routine diagnostic workup of children with suspected PUJO. ",
"An attempt has been made here to identify clinical and imaging features which can act as pointers toward the presence of CLPV in children with PUJO.",
"\n\nM[ATERIALS AND]{.smallcaps} M[ETHODS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-2}\n=================================================\n\nRetrospective records of children operated for PUJO over the past 10 years (January 2006--December 2015) were reviewed. ",
"Of these, records of children with presence of a CLPV (as a peroperative finding) were reviewed in detail including demographic profile, clinical and diagnostic workup, management, and outcome.",
"\n\nR[ESULTS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-3}\n=====================\n\nOf the 372 children operated for PUJO, 21 (5.6%) had a CLPV. ",
"Median age at presentation was 7 years (range 4 months--11 years). ",
"The most common presenting complaint was abdominal pain (66.6%) followed by urinary tract infection (UTI) (14.3%), asymptomatic antenatally diagnosed fetal hydronephrosis (14.3%), and renal lump (4.8%).",
"\n\nOn US, majority (76.2%) had left-sided hydronephrosis. ",
"None had bilateral disease or dilated ureter. ",
"Subjectively, severity of hydronephrosis was mild in 10 (47.6%), moderate in 8 (38.1%), and severe in 3 (14.3%). ",
"There was no visualization of a crossing vessel in any of the ultrasonograms.",
"\n\nOn renal dynamic scan (RDS), all had hydronephrotic renal moieties with obstructive drainage pattern. ",
"Perfusion and function were preserved in majority, with 13 (61.9%) children having split renal function (SRF) \\>30%, 5 (23.8%) having SRF 10%--30%, and 3 (14.3%) having SRF \\<10%. ",
"Mean SRF of the affected kidney was 32.5% ± 15.65% \\[[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}\\].",
"\n\n{#F1}\n\nDiagnosis of a CLPV was made intraoperatively in all. ",
"Dismembered pyeloplasty anterior to the vessel was done in the majority (80.9%)\\[ [Figure 2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}\\]. ",
"Three children underwent a side-side ureteropelvic anastomosis whereas nephrectomy was done in one child.",
"\n\n{#F2}\n\nMean SRF on postoperative RDS improved to 36.6% ± 17.76% with a nonobstructive drainage pattern in all. ",
"All were asymptomatic at a mean follow-up of 34.5 ± 17.5 months (median 13 months; range 2--56 months).",
"\n\nD[ISCUSSION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-4}\n========================\n\nThe presence of a CLPV in cases of PUJO has been reported, albeit largely in adult series, with an incidence of 11%--20%.\\[[@ref2]\\] This incidence was slightly higher than the present series (5.6%). ",
"Age at presentation in these cases is usually higher than other children with intrinsic cause of PUJO; mean age reported being 7.1 years.\\[[@ref3]\\] Menon *et al*. ",
"attributed the older age at presentation in these cases to the differential growth in the length of the aorta and that of the kidney with age.\\[[@ref4]\\] Diagnosis is rarely incidental (7%) with the majority of children presenting with features of renal colic (90%) or UTI (2%).\\[[@ref5]\\] In corroboration with literature, the current set of patients had a median age of 7 years at presentation with majority of the children (85%) being symptomatic with renal colic (66%), UTI (14%) and renal lump (5%). ",
"The intermittent nature of obstruction accounts for its delayed and less severe clinical presentation. ",
"Janetschek *et al*. ",
"looked for the presence of concomitant intrinsic stenosis as a cause of PUJO in children with CLPV by peroperative examination of the renal pelvis.\\[[@ref6]\\] They found the incidence of coexistent intrinsic obstruction to be 33%, suggesting that in almost two-thirds of the cases, a CLPV was the primary cause of the PUJO. ",
"The present retrospective study did not have sufficient records to identify the incidence of a concomitant intrinsic stenosis along with CLPV.",
"\n\nIn these cases of PUJO with a CLPV, US shows the presence of hydronephrosis without a dilated ureter, similar to what is seen in cases of PUJO with intrinsic obstruction. ",
"However, the presence of a small proximal dilated ureteral segment or resolution of hydronephrosis intermittently may provide subtle hints toward the presence of a CLPV. ",
"Kumar *et al*. ",
"retrospectively evaluated the US images of 20 children with PUJO and could correctly identify a CLPV preoperatively in only 1 of 8 children who were found to have a CLPV intraoperatively.\\[[@ref7]\\] This amounted to a sensitivity of routine gray-scale imaging to be merely 12.5%, specificity of 66.6%, positive predictive value of 20%, and negative predictive value of 53%. ",
"In the present series also, none of the US findings suggested the presence of a dilated upper ureteral segment or resolution of hydronephrosis during the asymptomatic period. ",
"Addition of Doppler imaging to routine US improves detectability of a CLPV. ",
"Chiarenza *et al*. ",
"demonstrated preoperatively the presence of crossing vessel in 80% children with PUJO.\\[[@ref8]\\] However, routine use of Doppler for imaging in children with suspected PUJO might not be warranted owing to the additional costs incurred and limited availability, especially in an Indian setting. ",
"Similarly, CT and MRA have been seen to have very high sensitivity and specificity indices in determining crossing vessels.\\[[@ref9]\\] However, even if diagnosed, none of these modalities can assert with certainty whether they are the sole cause of obstruction at the PUJ or are merely incidental findings.\\[[@ref9]\\] Whether their use has any impact on management or outcome is still debatable.",
"\n\nDiuretic renography has been seen to demonstrate an obstructive drainage pattern during the intermittent acute episode.\\[[@ref10]\\] However, in the present series, an obstructive drainage across the PUJ was shown in all patients even when they were asymptomatic and pain free at the time of the procedure. ",
"This may be explained by the fact that even in the presence of a CLPV, the obstruction may actually be a result of an intrinsic defect at the PUJ rather than extrinsic compression *per se*. ",
"Another peculiar feature of these children of PUJO with CLPV is the relatively well-preserved differential renal function. ",
"In the series by Rigas *et al*. ",
"containing 71 children of PUJO with CLPV, only 11 (15%) had Differential renal function (DF) \\<40% and 2 with DF \\<10%.\\[[@ref10]\\] In the present series also, mean preoperative DF was 32.5% with the majority (61.9%) having DF \\>30%. ",
"Conversely, Menon *et al*. ",
"observed differential renal function on RDS scan below 40% in 56.6% of their patients. ",
"They attributed reduced renal function to the effect of the obstruction on renal parenchyma and highlighted the importance of early detection.\\[[@ref4]\\] However, postoperative improvement in function by \\>5% was seen in 46.4% of these cases.",
"\n\nMenon *et al*. ",
"predicted with success the presence of a CLPV in children with PUJO using an intravenous urogram.\\[[@ref4]\\] A small, intrarenal, globular pelvis with a \"flat bottom\" and prominent calyceal dilatation was present in a significantly higher number of children with CLPV than in children with PUJO without CLPV. ",
"They prospectively predicted the presence of a CLPV using these findings in another 5 patients.",
"\n\nManagement is essentially the same as for any cause of PUJO, most commonly performed procedure being the dismembered pyeloplasty. ",
"However, preoperative knowledge of its presence may make the surgeon more vigilant and avoid any iatrogenic trauma. ",
"Another procedure described specifically for these cases is the Hellstrom\\'s vascular hitch, wherein the periadventitial tissue around the vessel is pexed to the pelvis at a higher location away from the PUJ.\\[[@ref11]\\] This helps relieve any extrinsic compression caused by the vessel. ",
"This procedure does not require any breach of the urological continuity, does not require any drainage, and can be performed quickly, both open and laparoscopically. ",
"However, inherent in the technique is the fact that any concomitant intrinsic stenosis is not taken care of. ",
"Hence, in such children, symptoms will be persistent postoperatively and will eventually need a formal pyeloplasty for cure. ",
"Schneider *et al*. ",
"classified anatomically three types of CLPV by intraoperative location of the crossing vessel over the pelvis (Type 1), PUJ (Type 2), and upper ureter (Type 3).\\[[@ref12]\\] They advocated standard pyeloplasty for types 1 and 2 and nondismembered techniques such as Hellstrom\\'s vascular hitch for type 3, which they assumed to be a purely extrinsic obstruction.",
"\n\nC[ONCLUSIONS]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-5}\n=========================\n\nMajority of children with PUJO and CLPV present late in life. ",
"Despite older age at presentation, renal function is well preserved. ",
"Preoperative knowledge of the presence of a CLPV may help keep the surgeon vigilant to avoid any iatrogenic injury. ",
"Routine US and RDS are unable to detect with certainty, the presence of a CLPV. ",
"Mild hydronephrosis with an intrarenal pelvis and a well-preserved renal function on RDS may provide subtle hints toward the presence of a CLPV. ",
"Routine Doppler or magnetic resonance imaging may not be warranted in these cases, as the incidence of a crossing vessel with PUJO is very low and management essentially similar to those with PUJO without a crossing vessel.",
"\n\nFinancial support and sponsorship {#sec2-1}\n---------------------------------\n\nNil.",
"\n\nConflicts of interest {#sec2-2}\n---------------------\n\nThere are no conflicts of interest.",
"\n"
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"Soviet and post-Soviet postage rates\n\nSoviet and post-Soviet postage rates in Russia changed multiple times in the period 1917 to present. ",
"They have been introduced by the Soviet and Russian Federation governmental organs and agencies and reflected in alteration of stamp denominations.",
"\n\nHistorical notes \nThe issue of Russian postage stamps is directly related to postage rates in force at given times during the history of the Russian postal service. ",
"Stamp denominations were applied to meet a public need to pay postage costs according to the current rates. ",
"Issuing values for the revenue generation was not a purpose of the state policy in this area. ",
"Change of postage rates is an important aspect in studying the Russian postal history and collecting its items.",
"\n\nRussian postage rates, especially those of the Soviet times, have not been thoroughly researched in philatelic literature. ",
"This part of the Russian postal history is less studied, with comments appearing within some other context. ",
"Alteration of the postage rates led to the increases in the face value of the stamps as reflected in the numbers printed and overcharged. ",
"Thus, the rates were often the reason to revalue current stamps, issue new postage stamps or use various surcharges.",
"\n\nSoviet postal rates for the despatch and delivery of internal mail were changed numerous times. ",
"For example, there were about 30 rate changes during the period 1918 to 1966. ",
"Only over the first five years when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic existed as a sovereign state, from the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 until the formation of the Soviet Union in 1922, postage rates changed 23 times. ",
"The early Soviet post office struggled to keep them up.",
"\n\nUsually, new rates were introduced by special decrees of the Government. ",
"In a few cases, this was done by the circularised orders of the postal administration known as \"post office circulars\". ",
"The rates for international postage were established by the same People's Commissariat for Posts and Telegraphs, later superseding by the Ministry of Communications of the USSR.",
"\n\nDuring the USSR period from 1923 up to 1967, postal rates were changed ten times. ",
"Following the RSFSR practice, there was a special supplementary rate in case of registered mail that was added to the normal postage charge. ",
"This procedure was in effect until 1948 when a specific rate was established for registered mail. ",
"Also, higher rates for special classes of mail existed from 1923 to 1938 that were used for:\n “especially important” letters and packets,\n “express” postal sendings (special delivery mail),\n “special messenger” (for mail delivery to addresses more than 25 km from the nearest post office).",
"\n\nAn additional fee was charged for sending mail by air. ",
"Internal airmail rates were fixed in 1932 and those for international airmail in 1939. ",
"From 1936, the airmail rates were applied to regular operations all year round.",
"\n\nFor underpaid internal mail, there was a charge at the registration rate. ",
"Charge for underpaid international mail was double the deficient postage.",
"\n\nPostal rates were based on the following gradation of letters by weight:\n “ordinary” letters weighing up to 20 g were charged at regular rates,\n letters weighing between 20 and 40 g were charged at double rates,\n letters weighing 40 to 60 g were paid triple rates and so forth.",
"\n\nSimilar policy and practice of introducing postage rates have been continuing in the Russian Federation since 1992.",
"\n\nHistorical rates \nThis table represents an outline of the overall fluctuations of internal postal rates in the Soviet and post-Soviet times.",
"\n\n At the government’s expense from 1 January 1919 until August 1921.",
"\n Due to hyperinflation.",
"\n\nSee also\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Postal history of Russia\nCategory:Postage stamps of the Soviet Union\nSoviet Union\nCategory:1917 introductions\nCategory:Postal system of Russia"
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"Natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosed in general practice.",
"\nCross-sectional studies indicate that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms have a prevalence of 10-20% in Western countries and are associated with obesity, smoking, oesophagitis, chest pain and respiratory disease. ",
"To determine the natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting in primary care in the UK. ",
"Patients with a first diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease during 1996 were identified in the UK General Practice Research Database and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. ",
"We investigated the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, potential risk factors and comorbidities, and relative risk for subsequent oesophageal complications and mortality. ",
"The incidence of a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis was 4.5 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 4.4-4.7). ",
"Prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, excess body weight and gastrointestinal and cardiac conditions were associated with an increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis. ",
"Subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had an increased risk of respiratory problems, chest pain and angina in the year after diagnosis, and had a relative risk of 11.5 (95% confidence interval: 5.9-22.3) of being diagnosed with an oesophageal complication. ",
"There was an increase in mortality in the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort only in the year following the diagnosis. ",
"Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a disease associated with a range of potentially serious oesophageal complications and extra-oesophageal diseases."
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"Vanguard Photo UK brand ambassador, Matt Holland shares a snippet from his recent trip to Glen Coe, Scotland using his mountaineering set up for scrambling and using the new Veo 2 Go travel tripod as his only option.",
"\n\nOutdoors Photographer shares his Chalk Hill Blue photo which was shortlisted in the Close Up Photographer of the Year 2019 competition. ",
"Sharing tips on how to capture something similar and the kit used.",
"\n\nA review from Vanguard Photo UK brand ambassador, Matt Holland on the Vanguard Veo 2 265 carbon fibre travel tripod. ",
"Learn why this tripod is the best partner for the outdoors and with the larger Vanguard Alta Pro2+.",
"\n\nA review from Vanguard Photo UK brand ambassador, Matt Holland on the Vanguard World España Sedona Wanderlust in partnership with Joan Vendrell. ",
"Launched in the UK, 2019 and includes a special offer for June 2019\n\nMatt Holland recently became a brand ambassador for Snugpak in October 2018 but has worked with Snugpak and used their kit for a number of years but where did it all start? ",
"Find out in this feature post.",
"\n\nFollow the story of TwitterTogFest2018 (SnowdoniaTogFest2018) as the Twitter Gang venture back to North Wales for a week of photography in storms, rain and wind. ",
"Covering most of North Wales slate quarries and coast.",
"\n\nA helpful guide on what to bring for the outdoors from Snugpak brand ambassador, Matt Holland.",
"Covering bags, tents, clothing, layering system and some helpful pointers to equipment to look for and his favourite kit from Snugpak.",
"\n\nA helpful guide from Vanguard Photo UK and Vanguard World brand ambassador, Matt Holland as he covers what you need for mountain photography, wild camping and exploring these regions and staying safe.",
"Matt introduces equipment from Vanguard World and Snugpak.",
"\n\nVanguard Photo UK brand ambassador, Matt Holland has worked with Vanguard World for a number of years and used Vanguard World equipment prior to this but where did Matt first discover Vanguard Photo and what drew him to the photographic brand."
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"/* Dia -- an diagram creation/manipulation program\n * Copyright (C) 1998 Alexander Larsson\n *\n * SADT diagram support\n * Copyright (C) 2000 Cyrille Chepelov\n *\n * This file has been forked from Alexander Larsson's objects/UML/constraint.c\n *\n * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.",
"\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the\n * GNU General Public License for more details.",
"\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software\n * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.",
"\n */\n\n#include <config.h>\n\n#include <assert.h>\n#include <math.h>\n#include <string.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n\n#include \"intl.h\"\n#include \"object.h\"\n#include \"connection.h\"\n#include \"diarenderer.h\"\n#include \"handle.h\"\n#include \"arrows.h\"\n#include \"properties.h\"\n#include \"text.h\"\n\n#include \"pixmaps/annotation.xpm\"\n\ntypedef struct _Annotation {\n Connection connection;\n\n Handle text_handle;\n\n Text *text;\n\n Color line_color;\n} Annotation;\n\n\n#define ANNOTATION_LINE_WIDTH 0.05\n#define ANNOTATION_BORDER 0.2\n#define ANNOTATION_FONTHEIGHT 0.8\n#define ANNOTATION_ZLEN .25\n\n#define HANDLE_MOVE_TEXT (HANDLE_CUSTOM1)\n\nstatic ObjectChange* annotation_move_handle(Annotation *annotation, Handle *handle,\n\t\t\t\t\t Point *to, ConnectionPoint *cp,\n\t\t\t\t\t HandleMoveReason reason, ModifierKeys modifiers);\nstatic ObjectChange* annotation_move(Annotation *annotation, Point *to);\nstatic void annotation_select(Annotation *annotation, Point *clicked_point,\n\t\t\t DiaRenderer *interactive_renderer);\nstatic void annotation_draw(Annotation *annotation, DiaRenderer *renderer);\nstatic DiaObject *annotation_create(Point *startpoint,\n\t\t\t\t void *user_data,\n\t\t\t\t Handle **handle1,\n\t\t\t\t Handle **handle2);\nstatic real annotation_distance_from(Annotation *annotation, Point *point);\nstatic void annotation_update_data(Annotation *annotation);\nstatic void annotation_destroy(Annotation *annotation);\nstatic DiaObject *annotation_load(ObjectNode obj_node, int version,DiaContext *ctx);\nstatic PropDescription *annotation_describe_props(Annotation *annotation);\nstatic void annotation_get_props(Annotation *annotation,\n GPtrArray *props);\nstatic void annotation_set_props(Annotation *annotation,\n GPtrArray *props);\n\nstatic ObjectTypeOps annotation_type_ops =\n{\n (CreateFunc) annotation_create,\n (LoadFunc) annotation_load,/*using_properties*/\n (SaveFunc) object_save_using_properties,\n (GetDefaultsFunc) NULL,\n (ApplyDefaultsFunc) NULL\n};\n\nDiaObjectType sadtannotation_type =\n{\n \"SADT - annotation\", /* name */\n 0, /* version */\n annotation_xpm, /* pixmap */\n &annotation_type_ops /* ops */\n};\n\nstatic ObjectOps annotation_ops = {\n (DestroyFunc) annotation_destroy,\n (DrawFunc) annotation_draw,\n (DistanceFunc) annotation_distance_from,\n (SelectFunc) annotation_select,\n (CopyFunc) object_copy_using_properties,\n (MoveFunc) annotation_move,\n (MoveHandleFunc) annotation_move_handle,\n (GetPropertiesFunc) object_create_props_dialog,\n (ApplyPropertiesDialogFunc) object_apply_props_from_dialog,\n (ObjectMenuFunc) NULL,\n (DescribePropsFunc) annotation_describe_props,\n (GetPropsFunc) annotation_get_props,\n (SetPropsFunc) annotation_set_props,\n (TextEditFunc) 0,\n (ApplyPropertiesListFunc) object_apply_props,\n};\n\n#undef TEMPORARY_EVENT_TEST\n\n#ifdef TEMPORARY_EVENT_TEST\nstatic gboolean\nhandle_btn1(Annotation *annotation, Property *prop) {\n Color col;\n col = annotation->text->color;\n /* g_message(\"in handle_btn1 for object %p col=%.2f:%.2f:%.2f\",\n annotation,col.red,col.green,col.blue); */\n col.red = g_random_double();\n col.green = g_random_double();\n col.blue = g_random_double();\n col.alpha = 1.0;\n annotation->text->color = col;\n /* g_message(\"end of handle_btn1 for object %p col=%.2f:%.2f:%.2f\",\n annotation,col.red,col.green,col.blue); */\n return TRUE;\n}\n#endif\n\nstatic PropDescription annotation_props[] = {\n CONNECTION_COMMON_PROPERTIES,\n#ifdef TEMPORARY_EVENT_TEST\n {\"btn1\", PROP_TYPE_BUTTON, PROP_FLAG_VISIBLE|PROP_FLAG_DONT_SAVE,\n NULL, \"Click Me !\", ",
"NULL,\n (PropEventHandler)handle_btn1},\n#endif\n { \"text\", PROP_TYPE_TEXT, 0,NULL,NULL},\n PROP_STD_TEXT_ALIGNMENT,\n PROP_STD_TEXT_FONT,\n PROP_STD_TEXT_HEIGHT,\n PROP_STD_TEXT_COLOUR,\n PROP_STD_LINE_COLOUR_OPTIONAL,\n {\"pos\", PROP_TYPE_POINT, PROP_FLAG_DONT_SAVE},\n PROP_DESC_END\n};\n\nstatic PropDescription *\nannotation_describe_props(Annotation *annotation)\n{\n if (annotation_props[0].quark == 0) {\n prop_desc_list_calculate_quarks(annotation_props);\n }\n return annotation_props;\n}\n\nstatic PropOffset annotation_offsets[] = {\n CONNECTION_COMMON_PROPERTIES_OFFSETS,\n {\"text\",PROP_TYPE_TEXT,offsetof(Annotation,text)},\n {\"text_alignment\",PROP_TYPE_ENUM,offsetof(Annotation,text),offsetof(Text,alignment)},\n {\"text_font\",PROP_TYPE_FONT,offsetof(Annotation,text),offsetof(Text,font)},\n {PROP_STDNAME_TEXT_HEIGHT,PROP_STDTYPE_TEXT_HEIGHT,offsetof(Annotation,text),offsetof(Text,height)},\n {\"text_colour\",PROP_TYPE_COLOUR,offsetof(Annotation,text),offsetof(Text,color)},\n { \"line_colour\", PROP_TYPE_COLOUR, offsetof(Annotation, line_color) },\n {\"pos\", PROP_TYPE_POINT, offsetof(Annotation,text_handle.pos)},\n { NULL,0,0 }\n};\n\nstatic void\nannotation_get_props(Annotation *annotation, GPtrArray *props)\n{\n object_get_props_from_offsets(&annotation->connection.object,\n annotation_offsets,props);\n}\n\nstatic void\nannotation_set_props(Annotation *annotation, GPtrArray *props)\n{\n object_set_props_from_offsets(&annotation->connection.object,\n annotation_offsets,props);\n annotation_update_data(annotation);\n}\n\nstatic real\nannotation_distance_from(Annotation *annotation, Point *point)\n{\n Point *endpoints;\n DiaRectangle bbox;\n endpoints = &annotation->connection.endpoints[0];\n\n text_calc_boundingbox(annotation->text,&bbox);\n return MIN(distance_line_point(&endpoints[0], &endpoints[1],\n\t\t\t\t ANNOTATION_LINE_WIDTH, point),\n\t distance_rectangle_point(&bbox,point));\n}\n\nstatic void\nannotation_select(Annotation *annotation, Point *clicked_point,\n\t DiaRenderer *interactive_renderer)\n{\n text_set_cursor(annotation->text, clicked_point, interactive_renderer);\n text_grab_focus(annotation->text, &annotation->connection.object);\n\n connection_update_handles(&annotation->connection);\n}\n\nstatic ObjectChange*\nannotation_move_handle(Annotation *annotation, Handle *handle,\n\t\t Point *to, ConnectionPoint *cp,\n\t\t HandleMoveReason reason, ModifierKeys modifiers)\n{\n Point p1, p2;\n Point *endpoints;\n Connection *conn = (Connection *)annotation;\n\n g_assert(annotation!=NULL);\n g_assert(handle!=NULL);\n g_assert(to!=NULL);\n\n if (handle->id == HANDLE_MOVE_TEXT) {\n annotation->text->position = *to;\n } else {\n endpoints = &(conn->endpoints[0]);\n if (handle->id == HANDLE_MOVE_STARTPOINT) {\n p1 = endpoints[0];\n connection_move_handle(conn, handle->id, to, cp, reason, modifiers);\n connection_adjust_for_autogap(conn);\n p2 = endpoints[0];\n point_sub(&p2, &p1);\n point_add(&annotation->text->position, &p2);\n point_add(&p2,&(endpoints[1]));\n connection_move_handle(conn, HANDLE_MOVE_ENDPOINT, &p2, NULL, reason, 0);\n } else {\n p1 = endpoints[1];\n connection_move_handle(conn, handle->id, to, cp, reason, modifiers);\n connection_adjust_for_autogap(conn);\n p2 = endpoints[1];\n point_sub(&p2, &p1);\n point_add(&annotation->text->position, &p2);\n }\n }\n annotation_update_data(annotation);\n\n return NULL;\n}\n\nstatic ObjectChange*\nannotation_move(Annotation *annotation, Point *to)\n{\n Point start_to_end;\n Point *endpoints = &annotation->connection.endpoints[0];\n Point delta;\n\n delta = *to;\n point_sub(&delta, &endpoints[0]);\n\n start_to_end = endpoints[1];\n point_sub(&start_to_end, &endpoints[0]);\n\n endpoints[1] = endpoints[0] = *to;\n point_add(&endpoints[1], &start_to_end);\n\n point_add(&annotation->text->position, &delta);\n\n annotation_update_data(annotation);\n\n return NULL;\n}\n\nstatic void\nannotation_draw (Annotation *annotation, DiaRenderer *renderer)\n{\n Point vect,rvect,v1,v2;\n Point pts[4];\n real vlen;\n\n assert(annotation !",
"= NULL);\n assert(renderer !",
"= NULL);\n\n dia_renderer_set_linewidth (renderer, ANNOTATION_LINE_WIDTH);\n dia_renderer_set_linestyle (renderer, LINESTYLE_SOLID, 0.0);\n dia_renderer_set_linecaps (renderer, LINECAPS_BUTT);\n\n vect = annotation->connection.endpoints[1];\n point_sub (&vect,&annotation->connection.endpoints[0]);\n vlen = distance_point_point (&annotation->connection.endpoints[0],\n &annotation->connection.endpoints[1]);\n if (vlen > 0.0) {\n /* draw the squiggle */\n point_scale (&vect,1/vlen);\n rvect.y = vect.x;\n rvect.x = -vect.y;\n\n pts[0] = annotation->connection.endpoints[0];\n pts[1] = annotation->connection.endpoints[0];\n v1 = vect;\n point_scale (&v1,.5*vlen);\n point_add (&pts[1],&v1);\n pts[2] = pts[1];\n /* pts[1] and pts[2] are currently both at the middle of (pts[0],pts[3]) */\n v1 = vect;\n point_scale (&v1,ANNOTATION_ZLEN);\n v2 = rvect;\n point_scale (&v2,ANNOTATION_ZLEN);\n point_sub (&v1,&v2);\n point_add (&pts[1],&v1);\n point_sub (&pts[2],&v1);\n pts[3] = annotation->connection.endpoints[1];\n dia_renderer_draw_polyline (renderer,\n pts,\n sizeof(pts) / sizeof(pts[0]),\n &annotation->line_color);\n }\n text_draw (annotation->text,renderer);\n}\n\nstatic DiaObject *\nannotation_create(Point *startpoint,\n\t\t void *user_data,\n\t\t Handle **handle1,\n\t\t Handle **handle2)\n{\n Annotation *annotation;\n Connection *conn;\n LineBBExtras *extra;\n DiaObject *obj;\n Point offs;\n Point defaultlen = { 1.0, 1.0 };\n DiaFont* font;\n\n annotation = g_malloc0(sizeof(Annotation));\n\n conn = &annotation->connection;\n conn->endpoints[0] = *startpoint;\n conn->endpoints[1] = *startpoint;\n point_add(&conn->endpoints[1], &defaultlen);\n\n obj = &conn->object;\n extra = &conn->extra_spacing;\n\n obj->type = &sadtannotation_type;\n obj->ops = &annotation_ops;\n\n connection_init(conn, 3, 0);\n\n annotation->line_color = color_black;\n\n font = dia_font_new_from_style(DIA_FONT_SANS,ANNOTATION_FONTHEIGHT);\n annotation->text = new_text(\"\", font,\n ANNOTATION_FONTHEIGHT,\n &conn->endpoints[1],\n &color_black,\n ALIGN_CENTER);\n g_clear_object (&font);\n\n offs.x = .3 * ANNOTATION_FONTHEIGHT;\n if (conn->endpoints[1].y < conn->endpoints[0].y)\n offs.y = 1.3 * ANNOTATION_FONTHEIGHT;\n else\n offs.y = -.3 * ANNOTATION_FONTHEIGHT;\n point_add(&annotation->text->position,&offs);\n\n annotation->text_handle.id = HANDLE_MOVE_TEXT;\n annotation->text_handle.type = HANDLE_MINOR_CONTROL;\n annotation->text_handle.connect_type = HANDLE_NONCONNECTABLE;\n annotation->text_handle.connected_to = NULL;\n obj->handles[2] = &annotation->text_handle;\n\n extra->start_trans =\n extra->end_trans = ANNOTATION_ZLEN;\n extra->start_long =\n extra->end_long = ANNOTATION_LINE_WIDTH/2.0;\n annotation_update_data(annotation);\n\n *handle1 = obj->handles[0];\n *handle2 = obj->handles[1];\n return &annotation->connection.object;\n}\n\n\nstatic void\nannotation_destroy(Annotation *annotation)\n{\n connection_destroy(&annotation->connection);\n\n text_destroy(annotation->text);\n}\n\nstatic void\nannotation_update_data(Annotation *annotation)\n{\n Connection *conn = &annotation->connection;\n DiaObject *obj = &conn->object;\n DiaRectangle textrect;\n\n if (connpoint_is_autogap(conn->endpoint_handles[0].connected_to) ||\n connpoint_is_autogap(conn->endpoint_handles[1].connected_to)) {\n connection_adjust_for_autogap(conn);\n }\n obj->position = conn->endpoints[0];\n\n annotation->text_handle.pos = annotation->text->position;\n\n connection_update_handles(conn);\n\n connection_update_boundingbox(conn);\n text_calc_boundingbox(annotation->text,&textrect);\n rectangle_union(&obj->bounding_box, &textrect);\n}\n\nstatic DiaObject *\nannotation_load(ObjectNode obj_node, int version,DiaContext *ctx)\n{\n return object_load_using_properties(&sadtannotation_type,\n obj_node,version,ctx);\n}\n"
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"By Clip Syndicate\n\nBeats Music has updated its iOS, Android and Windows Phone applications with a few new features, including a way to tune the Beats recommendation engine manually for better suggestions, a new history view for The Sentence, the Songza-like Madlibs playback engine, Verified Badges, which add a checkmark to celebrity profiles so you know they’re the real deal. ",
"The Beats Music app also has some player improvements that deliver better playback and general performance, as is often the case with software updates. ",
"This is the first significant update to the music app following the announcement that Apple would be acquiring the Beats Music brand along with Beats Electronics. ",
"The changes reflect changes that seems designed to answer feedback provided by users, and to make available some functionality that reviewers though was potentially missing."
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[
"License\n\nGrutBrushes License – What can you do with your GrutBrushes digital art tools?",
"\n\nBuying any GrutBrushes digital tools including Photoshop brushes and Art Surfacesgives you the right to use them in any project you do, personal and commercial.",
"You may sell any artwork you create with GrutBrushes products.",
"\n\nYou may not re-sell any files you download from GrutBrushes.com but you are free to sell any artwork you create using them.",
"\n\nAny artwork painted on a GrutBrushes Art Surface must be flattened before being offered for sale.",
"\n\nYou can of course, send a piece created on a GrutBrushes Art Surface to a business partner like a printer etc, unflattened, but you can’t sell the Art Surfaces PSD files to the general public, even if you painted something on them.",
"\n\nSome examples:\n\nPaint or draw anything with GrutBrushes Photoshop brushes and sell it: YES\nPaint on a GrutBrushes Art Surface, flatten it and sell it as a high res flattened TIF: YES\nPaint on an Art Surface and sell it as a flattened PSD file: YESPublish a book where all the illustrations are drawn on GrutBrushes Art Surfaces: YES\nPaint on an Art Surface and sell the files as stock images: YESSell Birthday Cards of Artwork Painted on an Art Surface: YES\nPaint on an Art Surface and sell it as a layered PSD file: NOFlatten a blank Art Surface and sell the image as a stock image: NO (you must have created artwork on it)\nPaste a photo into an Art Surface and sell it as a Jpeg: YES\nSend a layered PSD of your artwork painted on a GrutBrushes Art Surface to a magazine to be printed: YES"
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[
"Common Names include:ENGLISH:Perennial Queen of White Thread Century Plant\n\nDescription: This is a slow-growing (non-offsetting) century plant with a compact, symmetrical, solitary rosette up to 30 cm tall by 25-45 cm wide.",
"Leaves: Dark green with a sharp reddish terminal spine and margins highlighted with a strong creamy-white variegation and curly white hairs. ",
"Flower: When plant matures it can produce red-purple buds and greenish flowers on a 3 m tall spike. ",
"Remarks:Agave schidigera differs from Agave filifera by being solitary, typically having longer more flexible leaves that are not thickened toward the base and larger flowers. ",
"This plant has been in cultivation for years as Agave filifera f. compacta marginata.",
"\n\nSubspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Agave filifera group\n\nAgave filifera subs. ",
"schidigera(Lem.) ",
"B.Ullrich: Small or medium sized plant that forms stemless rosette to 60 to 90. ",
"It is decorated with thin white curly marginal fibres spreading in all directions which sometimes are very dense.",
"\n\nThe gallery now contains thousands of pictures, however it is possible to do even more. ",
"We are, of course, seeking photos of species not yet shown in the gallery but not only that, we are also looking for better pictures than those already present. ",
"Read More...\n\nCultivation and Propagation: It is an excellent plant suited to north parts (avoid strong direct sunlight). ",
"It works well with other succulents or even tropical plant material. ",
"It is well suited for a container inside or a sheltered warm spot outdoors. ",
"Although it survives in poor soils and can tolerate full sun to to full shade, it does best in rich but well-drained soil mix ( 2 parts peat moss to 1 part loam to 1 part of pumice) with filtered sun exposures. ",
"The plant is drought tolerant but does better with ample moisture and grows quickly if kept well watered and nourished (Slow release fertilizer applied once or twice a year is usually sufficient). ",
"During the winter months, one should only water enough to keep the leaves from shrivelling. ",
"Plants cultivated outdoors are more drought tolerant. ",
"Protect from snails which can also disfigure the plant.",
"Propagation: By removing suckers (seldom available) produced at the base of older plants or by micropropagation."
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[
"Germany\n\nBright spark solution\n\nGerman wind turbine manufacturer GET Gesellschaft Energietechnik is paying particular attention to the problems of lightning protection. ",
"It reports useful information from recent lightning current impulse tests on wind turbine elements at the Laboratory of High Voltage Technology and Electromagnetic Compatibility at the Kiel Technical College. ",
"GET says the tests have revealed the importance of spark gaps. ",
"These can, for example, help shunt lightning charge across the hub and bearings to avoid both damage to the bearings and a dangerous voltage surge through inducing effects inside the nacelle.",
"\n\nGET stresses that a spark gap must be installed between the generator housing and the tower \"as found in the A1200 1.2 MW Autoflug/GET turbine.\" ",
"A prototype of this machine was installed in October. ",
"Furthermore, the tips of the blades and the metal mesh must consist of low-impedance material and have sufficient thickness, continues GET, adding that the mesh has to be bedded into the gel coat of the blade and connected to the top of the blade with contacting areas of extremely low impedance. ",
"Finally GET points out that further investigation is required to fully understand many aspects of the lightning phenomenon, such as the nature of pre-discharging on stationary and moving blades.",
"\n\nHave you registered with us yet?",
"\n\nAlready registered?",
"\n\nIf you see a comment you find offensive, you can flag it as inappropriate. ",
"In the top right-hand corner of an individual comment, you will see 'flag as inappropriate'. ",
"Clicking this prompts us to review the comment. ",
"For further information see our rules for commenting on articles."
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[
"\n78 B.R. 506 (1987)\nIn the Matter of Jeannie Louise BAYLESS A/K/A Jeannie Louise Trimble, Debtor.",
"\nBankruptcy No. ",
"3-86-02363.",
"\nUnited States Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Ohio, W.D.\nSeptember 30, 1987.",
"\n*507 Carl E. Juergens, Springfield, Ohio, for debtor.",
"\nPaul D. Malina, Springfield, Ohio, interim trustee.",
"\nDonald F. Harker, III, Dayton, Ohio, for ITT.",
"\n\nDECISION DENYING MOTION OF ITT FINANCIAL SERVICES AND ORDERING OTHER MATTERS\nTHOMAS F. WALDRON, Bankruptcy Judge.",
"\nThis proceeding, which arises under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b) in a case referred to this court by the order of reference entered in this district on July 30, 1984, is determined to be a core proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(A) and (O). ",
"The matter is before the court on the Motion (Doc. ",
"20) of ITT Financial Services, (ITT), the testimony of the debtor, Jeannie Louise Bayless, and the oral arguments of counsel at the hearing held February 5, 1987 (Transcript Doc. ",
"31), the Post Hearing Brief Regarding Damages, Costs, and Attorney Fees filed by ITT (Doc. ",
"29) and the Reply Brief Of Debtor (Doc. ",
"30).",
"\n\nI. FACTS\nOn September 12, 1986, the debtor filed a Voluntary Petition (Doc. ",
"2) under Chapter 7 of Title 11, United States Code. ",
"Pursuant to the Order For Meeting Of Creditors Combined With Notice Thereof And Of Automatic Stay (Doc. ",
"3) dated September 23, 1986, a meeting of creditors pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 341(a) was scheduled for October 17, 1986. ",
"The estate file and the debtor's testimony (Tr. ",
"at 6) establish that on October 17, 1986, neither the debtor nor a representative of ITT attended that scheduled meeting of creditors.",
"\nOn October 20, 1986, the trustee in bankruptcy filed a document captioned, Trustee's Notice Of Abandonment Of Burdensome Property And Report Of No Assets (Doc. ",
"5). ",
"No further documents appear in the file explaining the trustee's ability to prepare and file such a report in the absence of the debtor's appearance at the time of the scheduled hearing.",
"\nThe schedules accompanying the debtor's petition contain two relevant items of informationa Statement Of Debtor's Intention With Respect To Retention Or Surrender Of Certain Property, which did not list ITT as a creditor holding a consumer debt secured by property of the estate, and schedule A-2Creditors holding security, which did list ITT Financial Services as a creditor with \"a mortgage on VCRmarket value, $25.00amount of claim without deduction of value of security, $3,500.00\". ",
"No other information concerning ITT appears in the debtor's Schedules or Statement Of Affairs.",
"\nOn November 6, 1986, the debtor filed an Affidavit (Doc. ",
"11) which recited that she failed to appear at the 341 Meeting because she did not receive notice of the hearing. ",
"The affidavit further provided \"that she *508 and her ex-husband have had extreme marital difficulties\" and \"due to the actions of her ex-husband\" she had moved from the address listed on the petition to an address in Columbus, Ohio. ",
"At the time these events occurred, the debtor was not required to advise the court of the new address.[1]\nOn December 17, 1986, ITT filed a Motion which requested that the court enter an order \"[D]irecting Debtor to surrender the property which is subject to the security interest of ITT and for an order to recover its expenses in attorney fees herein.\" (",
"Doc. ",
"20). ",
"ITT attached to the Memorandum a photocopy of its filed Proof Of Claim which contained as attachments photocopies of the note and related documents signed by the debtor and a photocopy of a recorded UCC-1 Form. ",
"The collateral that appears on the copy of the UCC-1 lists: a \"Zenith 25 inch Color Console Television, Panasonic Video Cassette Recorder, J.C. Penny Stereo with AM/FM, Turntable, Cassette Deck and 2 Speakers\". ",
"Counsel for ITT also attached letters dated October 2, 1986 and October 23, 1986 directed to the debtor's attorney requesting that ITT be advised of the debtor's intention regarding reaffirming or surrendering the collateral in which ITT asserted a security interest.",
"\nOn January 14, 1987, the debtor filed an Amendment to Schedule A-3, but did not amend either the Statement Of Intention or Schedule A-2. ",
"Further, neither the debtor nor her counsel provided any response to counsel for ITT's prior letters concerning her intention regarding ITT's security.",
"\nOn February 5, 1987, the court held a hearing on ITT's Motion. ",
"At that time, the debtor testified that as a result of her marital difficulties, including actions by her ex-husband that involved intercepting mail addressed to the debtor, removing and destroying property that belonged to the debtor and physically abusing the debtor, she vacated the property listed as her address at the time the petition was filed and moved to a new address in Columbus, Ohio. ",
"She further testified that the landlord who owned the property at 2440 Callahan Road where she resided at the time she filed her petition had padlocked the house after she moved to Columbus. ",
"She testified that the last time she saw the property in which ITT claimed a security interest, it was located in the house at 2440 Callahan.",
"\nThe debtor further stated that her attorney had advised her that she must make arrangements for ITT to have access to the property at 2440 Callahan Road so that ITT could remove the property in which it claimed a security interest. ",
"The debtor attempted to arrange with her landlord for ITT to pick up the property at the same time the debtor intended to remove some of her other property which she had left at 2440 Callahan Road. ",
"The property was to be picked up on Sunday, January 11, 1987, between noon and 3:00 p.m. The debtor testified she intended to meet the representative of ITT at that time and arrange for the surrender of the property; however, when she arrived at the property she found that it had already been broken into, a great deal of the property had been destroyed, and in fear of her own safety, she left the premises and did not return again. ",
"She further testified that her ex-husband told her he had the property. (",
"Tr. ",
"at 9-17)\nCounsel for the debtor consented to the admission in evidence of an affidavit from the ITT representative who had been at the property that Sunday. ",
"The affidavit (Doc. ",
"29, Ex. ",
"E) recites that the ITT representative arrived at 2440 Callahan Road as requested to remove the property in which ITT claimed a security interest; however, upon arrival there no one was present, the door was open and smoke was coming from a fireplace inside. ",
"The ITT representative entered the premises, was unable to locate any property in which ITT claimed a security *509 interest, and left without obtaining any property.",
"\n\nII. ",
"Issue\nThe issue presented is whether the debtor's failure to comply with 11 U.S.C. § 521(2)(A) and (B) constitutes, in the circumstances of this case, a sufficient basis to grant the relief sought by ITT.",
"\n\nIII. ",
"ARGUMENTS\nIn its post hearing brief (Doc. ",
"29), ITT asserts that as a result of the debtor's failure to comply with § 521(2)(A) and (B), it is entitled to damages in the amount of two thousand, two-hundred dollars ($2,200.00), which was the value assigned to the collateral by the debtor at the time of the loan (Exh. ",
"F), attorney fees in the amount of two hundred fifty-eight dollars ($258.00) (Itemized Billing Statement) and forty-eight dollars ($48.00) for the expense of the ITT representatives who attempted to obtain the property on January 11, 1987. ",
"ITT further requests that, if the court does not enter an order for the loss of the collateral, the time for ITT to file a complaint concerning the dischargeability of this debt should be extended.",
"\nThe debtor does not dispute that she failed to comply with the requirement for a written statement of intention under § 521(2)(A); however, she contends that he attempted to comply with § 521(2)(B) by surrender of the property. ",
"She argues that she did not attempt to prevent ITT from obtaining the property; rather, other parties over whom the debtor could not exercise control acted contrary to her wishes and removed the property so that the debtor was unable to surrender the property to ITT.",
"\n\nIV. ",
"OPINION\n\nA. Preliminary Considerations\nThe provisions of 11 U.S.C. § 521(2) (See Appendix 1. ",
"Section 521) have lead to confusion in attempts to comply with its requirements. ",
"An analysis of the responsibilities of the various parties in this case is necessary to a resolution of this particular proceeding and may provide guidance for future proceedings.",
"\n\n(1) THE DEBTOR\nThe language of 11 U.S.C. § 521(2) clearly designates the debtor as the party bearing the initial responsibility for compliance. ",
"Matter of Wright, 68 B.R. 660, 661 (Bankr.",
"S.D.Ohio 1986).",
"\nThe court recognizes that debtors, particularly in nonbusiness bankruptcies, frequently fail to have an understanding of the full extent of their property or debts, specifically those consumer debts which give rise to security interests. ",
"Nevertheless, the bankruptcy laws impose a strict obligation on debtors to file complete and accurate schedules and, also, complete and accurate statements of intention. ",
"Accordingly, debtors, who, through neglect or indifference, fail to recognize the requirements of § 521(2) as a significant and integral part of filing a bankruptcy petition under Chapter 7 do so at their own peril. ",
"They further increase their peril with regard to these requirements if they fail to respond to a trustee's or a secured creditor's legitimate inquiries concerning these matters.",
"\n\n(2) COUNSEL FOR THE DEBTOR\nSimilarly, but to a lesser degree, counsel for the debtor shares responsibility in this matter. ",
"In addition to counsel's responsibilities under Bankr.",
"R. 9011, it is appropriate to assume that among the reasons the debtor selected a particular attorney and the attorney agreed to represent the debtor, was the attorney's knowledge and experience that would aid the debtor in filing and completing a bankruptcy case. ",
"While it would be unreasonable to expect debtor's counsel to locate secured claims that are not evidenced by recording, it would not be unreasonable to expect debtor's counsel to determine, or to assist the debtor in determining, the existence of recorded security agreements; or, as in this particular proceeding, to be certain that, in the absence of unusual circumstances, the filed statement of intention contains at least the same creditors appearing on the A-2 Schedule as creditors owed a consumer debt secured by property of the estate. ",
"The Bankruptcy *510 Rules and forms, effective August 1, 1987, may provide assistance to all parties in complying with the requirements of § 521. (",
"See Appendix 2. ",
"Bankr.",
"R. 1007(b)(3), 3. ",
"Bankr.",
"R. 1009(b) and Official Form 8A)\nAdditionally, a concept common to 11 U.S.C. § 521, 11 U.S.C. § 524(c) (reaffirmation) and 11 U.S.C. § 722 (redemption) is that debtor's counsel will be a participant in the initial determination and subsequent performance of the option chosen by the debtor.",
"\nAccordingly, counsel for a debtor who fails to give these items adequate initial attention, or fails to respond to legitimate inquiries from a trustee or a secured creditor, creates the possibility of serious adverse consequences for at least the debtor, if not counsel. ",
"11 U.S.C. § 329(b)\n\n(3) THE TRUSTEE\nAlthough the extent of a trustee's involvement under § 521(2) is unclear, the language of 11 U.S.C. § 704(3) \"ensure that the debtor shall perform his intention as specified in section 521(2)(B) of this Title;\" evidences a clear Congressional intention that a trustee also shares responsibility in this matter. ",
"The trustee's role is exercised primarily in connection with the meeting of creditors pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 341(a). ",
"Unless the court has extended the time, this is the time by which the debtor must have filed a statement of intention.",
"\nThe role a trustee plays in this matter was suggested in a decision by the Chief Bankruptcy Judge for this district as follows:\nThe Bankruptcy Code provides at § 704(3) that the trustee shall ensure that debtor complies with the requirement of § 521(2)(B). ",
"It is inconsistent with this statutory scheme for a creditor to apply to the court for relief where a debtor has failed to perform his duties under § 521(2)(A) and (B), without alleging that it first sought the involvement of the trustee on the subject. ",
"In re Williams, 64 B.R. 737, 738 (Bankr.",
"S.D. Ohio 1986)\nThere are few cases which discuss the extent of the trustee's duties pursuant to § 704(3); however, at the time of the § 341(a) meeting, a non-exhaustive list of a trustee's responsibilities would include: (1) a determination that the debtor has filed the statement of intention required by § 521(2)(A), (2) if the debtor has not completed such a filing, to demand that the debtor comply immediately, (3) to examine the debtor with regard to any requests received prior to or at the time of the 341(a) meeting from creditors concerning § 521(2)(A) or (B), and (4) to respond to appropriate creditor inquiries following the 341(a) meeting. ",
"In the absence of any secured creditor's appearance at the § 341(a) meeting, or any written request from a secured creditor seeking the trustee's involvement within the period provided under § 521(2)(B), the trustee may assume that the debtor has performed the stated intention.",
"\n\n(4) THE CREDITOR\nThe creditor has a significant role under § 521(2). ",
"In this connection, Judge White's thoughtful and thorough discussion of the legislative history of § 521, In re Eagle, 51 B.R. 959, 962 (Bankr.",
"N.D.Ohio 1985) is instructive:\nThe earlier proposed amendment to section 521 indicates a legislative intent to punish the debtor for failure to timely state and perform his intention to redeem or reaffirm. ",
"Congress retrenched from that position after debate and compromise and fashioned a procedure which encourages out-of-court compromise between debtor and creditor in restructuring the debt. ",
"The new section is not intended to abrogate those substantive rights of exemption and redemption retained by the debtor. ",
"The notice and time limitation components of section 521(2) are intended to facilitate speedy resolution of debt compromise and repayment.",
"\n. . . .",
"\nThe intent of the new section is to encourage both parties to resolve the matters quickly. ",
"A compromise by definition requires movement on two sides.",
"\n\n*511 Legislative history also clearly shows that the notice and time limitations of section 521(2) are not intended to abrogate the debtors' substantive rights under the Code.",
"\n\n(5) THE § 341(a) MEETING\nThe provisions of Title 11 do not mandate a single specific time and occasion at which the various parties must meet to attempt to reach a resolution of their respective concerns in connection with § 521(2); however, the meeting of creditors pursuant to § 341(a), which is specifically mentioned in § 521(2), is the logical locus for the initial resolution of these issues. ",
"The trustee conducts the meeting at which the debtor must appear to be examined, under oath, by the trustee and any creditor. ",
"11 U.S.C. § 343\nIf the parties and their counsel fail to utilize the opportunities afforded them at the time of the § 341(a) meeting, they may find their requests for relief otherwise potentially available to them under various provisions of Title 11 more difficult to obtain. ",
"Wright at 661.",
"\n\nB. Resolution Of Issue\nWith this background discussion of § 521(2), the court turns to the specific resolution of this proceeding. ",
"It is clear that although the debtor listed ITT as a secured creditor on Schedule A-2, she failed to provide any statement of intention with regard to the property that was the security for ITT's claim.",
"\nLikewise, her counsel who prepared and filed the initial schedules, and thereafter an amendment to the schedules, did so without initially, or subsequently, listing any statement of the debtor's intent with regard to the ITT claim. ",
"This is all the more difficult to understand since, in the time period between the filing of the initial schedules and the filing of the amendment to the schedules, debtor's counsel had received two separate inquiries from counsel for ITT raising the debtor's failure to comply with the requirements of § 521(2)(A).",
"\nWhile subsequent evidence has demonstrated that the debtor no longer has possession of the property, this does not excuse her failure to properly file, or subsequently amend, the required statement of intention. ",
"The debtor's failure to perform these duties could subject the debtor to a variety adverse consequences, including the imposition of sanctions;[2] however, it must be noted that in this case, ITT did not appear at the meeting of creditors originally scheduled, nor appear at the meeting of creditors subsequently held, nor move for relief from the automatic stay § 362(d), nor request the trustee's involvement during any period of time that would have allowed the trustee the opportunity to take meaningful steps concerning the security for ITT's claim.",
"\nThe legislative history of § 521(2) and subsequent cases (Eagle at 962, Williams at 738) establish that although a debtor has certain duties in regard to a consumer debt secured by property of the estate, a debtor is not a guarantor of a secured creditor's property.",
"\nIn the circumstances of this case, it cannot be properly concluded that the debtor's failure to comply with § 521(2)(A) was the cause of ITT's inability to obtain the security for its claim, particularly in light of the independent intervening acts of an individual or individuals not party to this proceeding.",
"\nAccordingly, ITT's request for a judgment against the debtor in the amount of two thousand, two-hundred dollars ($2,200.00) for the value of the security for ITT's claim and ITT's request for expenses and attorney fees is DENIED.",
"\n*512 ITT's request to extend time in which to file a complaint to determine dischargeability was not timely filed and the court cannot grant such relief at this stage of the case. ",
"Matter of Beam, 73 B.R. 434, 436-37 (Bankr.",
"S.D.Ohio 1987).",
"\n\nC. REMAINING MATTERS\nThe determination of the issues in this case would not be complete without a discussion of the actions and filings of the trustee.",
"\nOn October 20, 1986, after the debtor did not attend a 341 Meeting, the trustee filed a document captioned, Trustee's Notice Of Abandonment Of Burdensome Property And Report Of No Assets which stated in part, \"The undersigned, as Trustee herein, reports he has reviewed the schedules filed by the Debtor(s), has examined the Debtor(s) in open court at the 341 Meeting, and has examined the evidence.\" (",
"emphasis supplied, Doc. ",
"5). ",
"Without attempting to delineate the full extent of a trustees duties, it is impossible to reconcile the filing of such a report with the minimum duties required from the trustee in this case. ",
"Matter of Hunter, 76 B.R. 117, 119 (Bankr.",
"S.D.Ohio 1987).",
"\nThe trustee has also recently filed another pleading which is difficult to understand in the circumstances of this case. ",
"The pleading is captioned \"Petition Of Trustee For Leave To Retain Professional Person\" (Doc. ",
"32). ",
"It recites in very vague terms that the trustee wishes to retain himself as his own attorney because \"[L]egal services are needed in the administration of exemptions and the general services of an attorney are needed to handle other legal matters and other matters . . .\". ",
"The trustee has not filed any pleading to set aside his previously filed abandonment and report of no assets.",
"\nAccordingly, unless the trustee, not later than seven (7) days from the date this order and decision is entered, files with the court an affidavit setting forth an explanation for the filing of the Report Of No Assets (Doc. ",
"5) and the Petition Of Trustee For Leave To Retain Professional Person (Doc. ",
"32), together with a motion requesting the payment of compensation pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 330(b) and a memorandum in support of such motion, the petition of the trustee (Doc. ",
"32) shall be DENIED and the trustee shall be DENIED the fee provided pursuant 11 U.S.C. § 330(b). ",
"Matter of Vlachos, 61 B.R. 473, 476-77 (Bankr.",
"S.D. Ohio 1986).",
"\nAn order in accordance with this decision is simultaneously entered.",
"\nSO ORDERED.",
"\n\nAPPENDIX\n1. ",
"Section 521 (11 U.S.C. Sec. ",
"521(2)(A), (B) and (C))\n(2) if an individual debtor's schedule of assets and liabilities includes consumer debts which are secured by property of the estate-\n(A) within thirty days after the date of the filing of a petition under chapter 7 of this title or on or before the date of the meeting of creditors, whichever is earlier, or within such additional time as the court, for cause, within such period fixes, the debtor shall file with the clerk a statement of his intention with respect to the retention or surrender of such property and, if applicable, specifying that such property is claimed as exempt, that the debtor intends to redeem such property, or that the debtor intends to reaffirm debts secured by such property;\n(B) within forty-five days after the filing of a notice of intent under this section, or within such additional time as the court, for cause, within such forty-five day period fixes, the debtor shall perform his intention with respect to such property, as specified by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; and\n(C) nothing in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph shall alter the debtor's or the trustee's rights with regard to such property under this title.",
"\n2. ",
"Bankr.",
"R. 1007(b)(3),\n(3) An individual debtor in a chapter 7 case shall file a statement of intention as required by § 521(2) of the Code, prepared as prescribed by Official Form No. ",
"8A. A copy of the statement of intention shall be *513 served on the trustee and the creditors named in the statement on or before the filing of the statement.",
"\n3. ",
"Bankr.",
"R. 1009(b)\n(b) STATEMENT OF INTENTION. ",
"The statement of intention may be amended by the debtor at any time before the expiration of the period provided in § 521(2)(B) of the Code. ",
"The debtor shall give notice of the amendment to the trustee and to any entity affected thereby.",
"\n\n\n OFFICIAL FORM 8A.Chapter 7 Individual Debtor's Statement of Intention\n (Caption as in Form No. ",
"2)\n Chapter 7 Individual Debtor's Statement of Intention.",
"\n1. ",
"I, _______________, the debtor, have filed a schedule of assets and liabilities\nwhich includes consumer debts secured by property of the estate.",
"\n2. ",
"My intention with respect to the property of the estate which secures those\nconsumer debts is as follows:\n a. Property to Be Surrendered.",
"\nDescription of property Creditor's name\n1. _______________________________ ",
" ________________________________\n2. _______________________________ ",
" ________________________________\n3. _______________________________ ",
" ________________________________\n4. _______________________________ ",
" ________________________________\n b. Property to Be Retained. ",
" (Check applicable statement of debtors intention)\nDescription Creditor's The debt will The property The creditor's\nof property name be reaffirmed is claimed as lien will be\n pursuant to exempt and avoided pursuant\n § 524(c) will be redeemed to\n pursuant § 522(f) and\n to the property\n § 722 will be\n claimed as\n exempt\n1. ________ ",
" __________ _____________ __________________ ______________\n2. ________ ",
" __________ _____________ __________________ ______________\n3. ________ ",
" __________ _____________ __________________ ______________\n4. ________ ",
" __________ _____________ __________________ ______________\n5. ________ ",
" __________ _____________ __________________ ______________\n3. ",
"I understand that § 521(2)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code requires that I perform\nthe above stated intention within 45 days of the filing of this statement with the\ncourt, or within any extension of the 45 day period which the court may grant.",
"\nDate:_______________________________\n ______________________________________\n Debtor\n\nNOTES\n[1] See Local Bankruptcy Rule 2.4Change Of Address Of Debtor, Party or AttorneyShould the address of the debtor or any party or attorney in the case change during the pendency of such case, that person shall immediately notify, in writing, the Clerk, trustee, attorney for debtor and chairperson of any committee appointed in the case and its counsel, if counsel is employed pursuant to an order of the Court. ",
"A failure to comply with this rule may result in appropriate sanctions. (",
"Effective August 1, 1987).",
"\n[2] LBR 3.9 Enforcement Of Debtor's Statement Of IntentionIn the event the debtor fails to comply with 11 U.S.C. Section 521(2), any creditor or party in interest, within thirty (30) days after the expiration of the forty-five (45) day period prescribed by 11 U.S.C. Section 521(2)(B), may file with the Court and serve upon the debtor, the debtor's attorney and the trustee a motion for sanctions in which the movant advises the Court of the debtor's failure to comply with 11 U.S.C. Section 521(2) and requests that the debtor be ordered by the Court to comply promptly. ",
"The Court may issue an order to show cause to the debtor, and thereafter may issue an order providing for appropriate sanctions for the failure of the debtor to comply with that statute. (",
"Effective August 1, 1987).",
"\n"
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[
"Q:\n\ntkinter- Scrollbar connected to text widget is visible, but there isn't any slider.",
"\n\nI'm building a program that needs to display a large amount of text, and I need to have a scrollbar attached to a Text widget. ",
"\nI'm using Windows 7 , python 3.3... \nHere's a small(est possible) example of what I'm working with. ",
"I feel like I'm missing something really obvious here and this is driving me **ing bonkers. ",
" \nimport datetime\nimport tkinter as tk\nimport tkinter.messagebox as tkm\nimport sqlite3 as lite\n\nclass EntriesDisplayArea(tk.",
"Text):\n \"\"\"\n Display area for the ViewAllEntriesInDatabaseWindow\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self,parent):\n tk.",
"Text.__init__(self, parent,\n borderwidth = 3,\n height = 500,\n width = 85,\n wrap = tk.",
"WORD)\n self.parent = parent\n\nclass EntriesDisplayFrame(tk.",
"Frame):\n \"\"\"\n Containing frame for the text DisplayArea\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, parent):\n tk.",
"Frame.__init__(self, parent, relief = tk.",
"SUNKEN,\n width = 200,\n borderwidth = 2)\n self.parent = parent\n self.grid(row = 0, column = 0)\n\n self.entriesDisplayArea = EntriesDisplayArea(self)\n self.entriesDisplayArea.grid(row = 1, column = 0, sticky = 'ns')\n self.scrollVertical = tk.",
"Scrollbar(self, orient = tk.",
"VERTICAL,\n command = self.entriesDisplayArea.yview)\n\n self.entriesDisplayArea.config(yscrollcommand = self.scrollVertical.set)\n for i in range(1000):\n self.entriesDisplayArea.insert(tk.",
"END,'asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdfasdf')\n self.scrollVertical.grid(row=1,column=1,sticky = 'ns')\n\nclass ViewAllEntriesInDatabaseWindow(tk.",
"Toplevel):\n \"\"\"\n Window in which the user can view all of the entries entered ever\n entered into the database.",
"\n \"\"\"\n def __init__(self, parent = None):\n tk.",
"Toplevel.__init__(self,parent,\n height = 400,\n width = 400)\n self.grid()\n self.entriesDisplayFrame = EntriesDisplayFrame(self)\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n t0 = ViewAllEntriesInDatabaseWindow(None)\n\nA:\n\nI think your problem exists because of two issues with your code. ",
"One, you're setting the height of the text widget to 500. ",
"That value represents characters rather than pixels, so you're setting it to a few thousand pixels tall. ",
"Second, you are only ever inserting a single line of text, albeit one that is 40,000 characters long. ",
"If you set the height to something more sane, such as 50 rather than 500, and insert line breaks in the data you're inserting, you'll see your scrollbar start to behave properly.",
"\nOn an unrelated note, the call to self.grid() in the __init__ method of ViewAllEntriesInDatabaseWindow is completely useless. ",
"You can't pack, place or grid toplevel widgets into other widgets.",
"\nFinally, I recommend you do not have any class constructor call grid (or pack, or place) on itself -- this will make your code hard to maintain over time. ",
"When a widget is created, the parent widget should be responsible for calling grid, pack or place. ",
"Otherwise, if you decide to reorganize a window, you'll have to edit every child widget. ",
"\n\n"
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[
"Quantitative micro-analysis of metal ions in subcellular compartments of cultured dopaminergic cells by combination of three ion beam techniques.",
"\nQuantification of the trace element content of subcellular compartments is a challenging task because of the lack of analytical quantitative techniques with adequate spatial resolution and sensitivity. ",
"Ion beam micro-analysis, using MeV protons or alpha particles, offers a unique combination of analytical methods that can be used with micrometric resolution for the determination of chemical element distributions. ",
"This work illustrates how the association of three ion beam analytical methods, PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission), BS (backscattering spectrometry), and STIM (scanning transmission ion spectrometry), allows quantitative determination of the trace element content of single cells. ",
"PIXE is used for trace element detection while BS enables beam-current normalization, and STIM local mass determination. ",
"These methods were applied to freeze-dried cells, following a specific cryogenic protocol for sample preparation which preserves biological structures and chemical distributions in the cells. ",
"We investigated how iron accumulates into dopaminergic cells cultured in vitro. ",
"We found that the iron content increases in dopaminergic cells exposed to an excess iron, with marked accumulation within distal ends, suggesting interaction between iron and dopamine within neurotransmitter vesicles. ",
"Increased iron content of dopaminergic neurons is suspected to promote neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
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[
"Categories\n\nMEET YOUR BLOGGER\n\nI live in the deep south of New Zealand, where smelly dairy cows are taking over from sheep in the livestock stakes. ",
"My hometown is the small but perfectly formed city of Invercargill, which is also the hometown of the original boy racer, Burt Munro. ",
"Find out more about me here.",
"\n\nEmergency Yodel Button\n\nArchives\n\nSnowbound, with no power\n\nBy the time you read this, I will (if all goes according to plan) be somewhere on the Gold Coast with a glass of wine in one hand and a good book in the other.",
"\n\nWhen I went to work on Friday morning (September 17) , we’d decided our wee holiday would be a road trip to Wellington. ",
"However, when I left the office mid-afternoon on Friday the grey sky was putting something of a dampener on the road trip plans.",
"\n\nNever mind, we then decided that to blow away the dreary grey skies we’d hop across the ditch to relax on the Gold Coast. ",
"We booked our flights and accommodation, paid for our travel insurance and went about our business happy in the knowledge that come Monday morning, we’d be winging our way to some Aussie relaxation.",
"\n\nThen it snowed. ",
"And then it snowed some more. ",
"And then it just snowed like a world-class snowy thing.",
"\n\nOur driveway disappeared, Sky stopped working (we had to sweep snow off the dish, more than once) and my net connection became decidedly dodgy.",
"\n\nI was getting worried: would we be able to even get to the airport? ",
"Were we going to be having a holiday at home? ",
"And, even worse, were we going to be having a holiday at home with no Sky Television (yes, I know I complain about it breaking down all the time but I do have something of a love-hate relationship with my Sky connection). ",
"And finally, a holiday at home with no Sky and, worst of all, no net connection?",
"\n\nBy Saturday night I was obsessed with the snow and the possibility of it doing the decent thing and buggering off. ",
"I mean, really, what does one do when stuck in the house, snowbound, with nothing on telly to watch and no internet? ",
"I’ve heard tales of wives having conversations with husbands but that sort of cruel behaviour just can’t be true.",
"\n\nIt just shows you how much we’ve come to rely on our techy diversions, though.",
"\n\nAnd it also makes you appreciate just how well they work most of the time.",
"\n\nWe might have got a whole lot of snow but at least we missed out on the major power outages experienced further north.",
"\n\nImagine that, no Sky, no internet and not even a light to read your book by.",
"\n\nMother Nature’s been a busy old girl of late, with earthquakes, floods and storms. ",
"Let’s just hope she’s ready for a holiday, too (just not on the Gold Coast)."
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[
"Improvement of the nutritional condition with hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition (HPPN) in the immediate postoperative period of elective abdominal surgery.",
"\nThirty-one patients scheduled for elective surgery for non-malignant abdominal disease were randomized during the first five postoperative days to two different schedules. ",
"Group I received water, electrolytes and glucose. ",
"Group II received a standard solution containing crystalline amino acids (3.8 g/l), xylitol (25 g/l) and sorbitol (25 g/l), accounting for a total of 900 cal/day. ",
"Evaluation was made with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. ",
"Among others, the following significant differences were observed at the end of the study: retinol bound protein: in group I, 4.25 +/- 1.3 and in group II, 5.38 +/- 1.53 (p less than 0.05); prealbumin: in group I, 18.7 +/- 6.24 and in group II, 24.51 +/- 7 (p less than 0.05). ",
"The significantly higher values of short-life plasma proteins observed in group II indicate that with HPPN a higher synthesis of visceral protein is promoted. ",
"These data demonstrate that HPPN improves the nutritional state during the postoperative period."
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
} | [
0,
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0.012269938650306749,
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0.010830324909747292,
0.006289308176100629,
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[
"INTRODUCTION {#sec0005}\n============\n\nCerebrovascular disease is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment in older adults \\[[@ref001]\\]. ",
"Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) is highly prevalent among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and those with VaMCI are at higher risk of cognitive and functional decline leading to dementia \\[[@ref003]\\]. ",
"VaMCI describes mild cognitive deficits due to cerebrovascular disease that are not severe enough to be classified as dementia \\[[@ref007]\\]. ",
"Predominant executive dysfunction has long been considered a salient feature of the disease, although deficits in other cognitive domains such as verbal and visuospatial memory as well as processing speed are also commonly present \\[[@ref008]\\].",
"\n\nOxidative stress (OS) plays a central role in age-related neurodegeneration \\[[@ref011]\\]. ",
"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction and alter the DNA repair system, all of which are key factors involved in the propagation of neuronal injury leading to apoptosis \\[[@ref012]\\]. ",
"An imbalance in the production and elimination of ROS is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. ",
"Cumulative ROS can react with neuronal membrane lipids to generate lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), which under normal physiological conditions, are detoxified by the reparative actions of exogenous and endogenous antioxidants \\[[@ref013]\\]. ",
"As the lipid peroxidation cascade continues, LPH, the initial product, reacts with another fatty acid resulting in the formation of more stable late-stage products including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 8-isoprostane (8-ISO) \\[[@ref013]\\]. ",
"To prevent the accumulation of these late-stage products, a natural cellular response is to increase antioxidant activity or accelerate the elimination rate of lipid peroxidation products \\[[@ref014]\\].",
"\n\nEmerging evidence suggests that an altered antioxidant defense system and increased lipid peroxidation products might represent an early event in neurodegenerative processes. ",
"A recent meta-analysis found that several lipid peroxidation markers were significantly elevated while a range of antioxidant molecules were reduced in MCI patients \\[[@ref016]\\]. ",
"OS damage may contribute to cognitive deficits in CAD patients, as cerebral hypoperfusion can cause ischemia- and inflammation-related increases in OS \\[[@ref018]\\].",
"\n\nRegular exercise has beneficial systemic effects including the upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and modulation of oxidative damage \\[[@ref019]\\]. ",
"As such, regular exercise could play an important therapeutic role in the prevention of cognitive decline in the prodromal stages of neurodegenerative diseases \\[[@ref022]\\]. ",
"However, the cognitive benefits of exercise are variable and particularly modest among patients with mild cognitive symptoms \\[[@ref023]\\]. ",
"Since OS damage occurs early in neurodegenerative disease processes and might precede other neuropathological alterations, there is considerable benefit to identifying an easily obtainable biological marker that could predict treatment response as well as to identify patients at the prodromal stage who are more likely to develop clinical and functional decline.",
"\n\nThe present study aims to evaluate whether elevated levels of lipid peroxidation products might be an early stage marker of VaMCI. ",
"We compared concentrations of lipid peroxidation products in CAD patients without cognitive impairment and those with possible VaMCI \\[[@ref007]\\]. ",
"We also sought to investigate whether higher lipid peroxidation products at baseline might predict cognitive response to exercise intervention. ",
"Our primary hypothesis was that lipid peroxidation markers would be elevated in patients with possible VaMCI relative to CAD controls. ",
"We also hypothesized that higher level of lipid peroxidation at baseline would be associated with less improvement in cognitive performance, particularly in executive function, following a 24-week exercise intervention.",
"\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS {#sec0010}\n=====================\n\nDesign {#sec0015}\n------\n\nThe Research Ethics Boards at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and the University Health Network (UHN) approved this study, and informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to study enrolment. ",
"CAD patients were recruited from a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program at the UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (TRI) as described previously \\[[@ref026]\\]. ",
"Briefly, the CR program is a 24-week program comprised of both aerobic and resistance exercise under the supervision of exercise and medical specialists. ",
"As part of the CR program, participants attended weekly exercise classes that included an aerobic walk or walk/jog, and exercised 3--6 days per week at home depending on their fitness level. ",
"At baseline (pre-exercise), lipid peroxidation assays were performed and cardiopulmonary fitness was assessed by measuring the peak volume of oxygen uptake (VO~2~ peak) during an exercise stress test. ",
"Cognitive assessment was performed at baseline and at 24 weeks (follow-up).",
"\n\nParticipants {#sec0020}\n------------\n\nEligible patients were 50--75 years old, could speak and understand English, and had evidence of stable CAD (previous hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, coronary angiographic evidence of ≥50% blockage in one or more major coronary artery, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass grafting). ",
"All subjects had dyslipidemia and were being treated with statins. ",
"Subjects were excluded based on previously diagnosed neurodegenerative illness including all-cause dementia, active cancer, surgery planned within 12 months, schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and substance abuse. ",
"The Standardized Mini Mental Status Examination (sMMSE) \\[[@ref029]\\] was used to screen for dementia and subjects with sMMSE \\<24 were excluded.",
"\n\nDemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as detailed medical history including comorbidities independent of CAD, were collected from patient interviews. ",
"Cardiac medical history, concomitant medications, and cardiac health indicators (body mass, height, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and waist circumference) were obtained from patient charts at TRI. ",
"Body mass index (BMI) was calculated per standard definition \\[mass (kg) / height (m^2^)\\].",
"\n\nVaMCI was defined as patients whose baseline composite Z-scores on either verbal memory or executive function tests were 1 standard deviation (SD) below population norm. ",
"CAD controls demonstrated normal cognitive function (i.e., composite Z-scores \\>-- 1 on both memory and executive function tests) \\[[@ref007]\\].",
"\n\nCognitive assessments {#sec0025}\n---------------------\n\nA battery of cognitive tests was used to measure executive function, processing speed, and memory \\[[@ref030]\\]. ",
"Executive function was assessed using the Trail Making Test B (Trails B), Controlled Oral Word Association (verbal fluency FAS test), and category fluency Animal Naming. ",
"Verbal memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test 2nd Ed. (",
"CVLT-II). ",
"Visuospatial function was assessed using the Revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT-R). ",
"Processing speed was assessed using the Digit Symbol Coding task and the Trail Making Test A (Trails A). ",
"For each cognitive task, a Z-score was computed based on published age- and sex-matched norms. ",
"The Z-score follows a normal distribution with better performance being more positive and poorer performance being more negative distribution. ",
"For executive function, the Z-scores of the Trails B, FAS test, and Animal Naming test were summed. ",
"For verbal memory, three Z-scores from the CVLT-II, verbal learning, short delay, and long delay free recall were summed. ",
"For visuospatial function, two Z-scores from the BVMT-R, visuospatial learning and recall were summed. ",
"For processing speed, the Trails A and Digit Symbol Coding task were summed.",
"\n\nLipid peroxidation markers {#sec0030}\n--------------------------\n\nSerum concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers (LPH, 8-ISO, 4-HNE) were measured as previously described \\[[@ref031]\\]. ",
"Briefly, LPH was assessed using the colorimetric LPH assay kit (Cayman Chemical; item 705002) according to manufacturer's instructions. ",
"The sensitivity of this kit is in between 0.25 and 5 nmol hydroperoxides. ",
"The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were between 2% and 15% and the inter-assay CV was 9%. ",
"Data are presented as the LPH (*μ*M) and log-transformed for analysis. ",
"4-HNE was measured via Michael addition to lysine, histidine or cysteine using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Cell Biolabs, Inc.; item number STA-338) according to manufacturer's instructions. ",
"The sensitivity of this assay is in between 0.5 and 10*μ*g/mL of 4-HNE. ",
"The intra-assay CVs were between 1% and 16% and the inter-assay CV was 7.5%. ",
"Results were expressed as fmol/*μ*g of protein and log-transformed for analysis. ",
"8-ISO was measured using a standard competitive sandwich ELISA (Cayman Chemical; item 516351) according to manufacturer's instructions. ",
"The sensitivity of this assay is in between 0.8 and 500 pg/mL of 8-ISO. ",
"The intra-assay CVs were between 1% and 19% and the inter-assay CV was 9.1%. ",
"Results were expressed as pg/mL and log-transformed for analysis.",
"\n\nStatistical analyses {#sec0035}\n--------------------\n\nSample mean and SD for continuous demographic and baseline clinical characteristics were calculated. ",
"Categorical variables were described with frequencies and percentages. ",
"Differences in demographic and clinical variables between the groups were assessed using independent *t*-tests.",
"\n\nFor the primary analysis, a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) model adjusting for sex, years of education, BMI, and VO~2~ peak were used to examine the overall difference in lipid peroxidation marker levels between the groups. ",
"The early- (LPH) and late-stage (8-ISO and 4-HNE) lipid peroxidation markers were inputted as the dependent variables. ",
"The main effect of group was considered significant at the conventional *p*≤0.05. *",
"Post-hoc* univariate ANOVA were conducted to evaluate differences between the groups for each individual marker.",
"\n\nRatios of late-stage to early-stage lipid peroxidation were used previously to measure the balance of the system and explore if there is an accumulation of late-stage products \\[[@ref032]\\]. ",
"In the secondary analyses, the ratios of late- to early-stage markers were calculated by dividing concentrations of 8-ISO and 4-HNE by the concentration of LPH, yielding 8-ISO/LPH, 4-HNE/LPH and (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH \\[[@ref031]\\]. ",
"The individual concentrations and ratios were log-transformed to ensure consistent normality between them, and the resulting values were used for analyses. ",
"Univariate ANCOVA were performed to investigate the effect of group on lipid peroxidation using ratios between late stage markers 4-HNE and 8-ISO and the early-stage marker LPH (i.e., 8-ISO/LPH, 4-HNE/LPH, (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH) as dependent variables and group as fixed factor. ",
"Consistent with the primary analysis, sex, years of education, and VO~2~ peak were also included as covariates.",
"\n\nThe baseline individual concentrations of 8-ISO, 4-HNE, LPH, and ratios of 8-ISO/LPH, 4-HNE/LPH, and (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH were assessed as predictors of cognitive performance change following 24 weeks of exercise intervention. ",
"The repeated measures general linear models were performed using the cognitive Z-scores at baseline and at 24-weeks as repeated variables, with diagnosis group added as a fixed factor. ",
"Analyses were performed separately for each lipid peroxidation marker and ratio. ",
"Possible confounding variables such as sex, years of education, BMI, and VO~2~ peak were added as covariates. ",
"Linear regression analyses to examine associations between lipid peroxidation markers and changes in cognition over 24 weeks were also investigated.",
"\n\nFor *post-hoc* analyses, we divided the CAD sample into high and low OS group based on the overall ratio of (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH concentrations. ",
"Differences in verbal memory and executive function Z-scores between the low and high OS groups were evaluated using univariate ANCOVA, adjusting for possible confounding variables, baseline cognitive Z-scores, and years of education as covariates. ",
"All analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software and considered to be significant at a two-tailed *p*≤0.05.",
"\n\nRESULTS {#sec0040}\n=======\n\nClinical characteristics {#sec0045}\n------------------------\n\nParticipant demographics and clinical characteristics are presented in [Table 1](#jad-58-jad161248-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}. ",
"There were no significant differences between subjects with VaMCI and CAD controls with respect to sex, BMI, plasma cholesterol level, triglycerides level, diabetes, or smoking habit. ",
"However, the VaMCI group had significantly lower cardiopulmonary fitness (F (1, 114) = 4.845, *p* = 0.035) and total years of education (F (1, 114) = 17.094, *p* \\< 0.001). ",
"As expected, patients with VaMCI had significantly poorer cognitive performance across all cognitive domains, including verbal and visuospatial memory, executive function, and processing speed ([Table 1](#jad-58-jad161248-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n###### \n\nBaseline patient characteristics\n\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n Male (%)\n Age\n BMI\n Total years of education\n Cholesterol\n Triglycerides\n VO~2~ peak\n Vascular Risk Factors (%)\n Smoking history\n Hypertension\n Hyperlipidemia\n Diabetes\n BMI \\>30 kg/m^2^\n Waist circumference\\*\n Total \\# of vascular risk factors\n \\*Waist circumference \\>102 cm for male and \\>88 cm for female, denoting obesity.",
"\n Cognitive Performance\n Verbal Memory\n Visuospatial Function\n Processing Speed\n Executive Function\n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nLipid peroxidation markers in CAD patients with VaMCI and CAD controls {#sec0050}\n----------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn our primary analyses, a global effect of group on lipid peroxidation markers was observed when adjusting for age and sex (main effect of group F (3,102) = 2.957, *p* = 0.036, [Table 2](#jad-58-jad161248-t002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The post-hoc Univariate ANCOVA revealed that serum LPH concentrations were significantly lower in patients with VaMCI compared to CAD controls (1.21±0.61 versus 1.51±0.41 (F (1, 104) = 8.913, *p* = 0.004) ([Fig.",
" 1](#jad-58-jad161248-g001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"There were no significant differences between the groups in 8-ISO (F (1,111) = 0.698, *p* = 0.405) and 4-HNE concentrations (F (1,101) = 0.001, *p* = 0.975).",
"\n\n{#jad-58-jad161248-g001}\n\n###### \n\nLipid peroxidation markers in CAD patients without cognitive impairment (CAD controls) and those with cognitive impairment (VaMCI group). ",
"Sex, VO~2~ peak, BMI, and years of education added as covariates\n\n CAD controls VaMCI Sig \n ------------------------ -------------- ------- ------ ------ ------- --- -------\n LPH (*μ*M) 44.9 31.4 31.1 28.1 3.983 5 0.049\n 8-ISO (pg/mL) 35 23.4 27.1 14.1 1.716 5 0.193\n 4-HNE (fmol/*μ*g) 40.7 9.3 40.0 7.3 0.054 5 0.817\n 8-ISO/LPH 1.9 5.5 5.1 10.0 5.965 5 0.016\n 4-HNE/LPH 2.4 5.5 7.3 14.8 8.278 5 0.005\n (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 6.629 5 0.011\n *Log-transformed data* \n LPH (*μ*M) 1.5 0.4 1.2 0.6 8.913 5 0.004\n 8-ISO (pg/mL) 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.698 5 0.405\n 4-HNE (fmol/*μ*g) 1.6 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.001 5 0.975\n 8-ISO/LPH --0.1 0.5 0.2 0.7 4.145 5 0.004\n 4-HNE/LPH 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 8.599 5 0.004\n (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 7.022 5 0.009\n\nIn our secondary analyses, we found that there were significant differences between the groups in the ratios between late- and early- stage lipid peroxidation products. ",
"Patients with VaMCI showed a trend toward higher ratio of 8-ISO to LPH compared to that of CAD controls (0.15±0.66 versus -- 0.05±0.45 (F (1, 104) = 4.145, *p* = 0.044) ([Fig.",
" 1](#jad-58-jad161248-g001){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Similarly, the ratios of 4-HNE to LPH and (8-ISO+4-HNE) to LPH were significantly higher in the VaMCI group as compared to CAD controls (4-HNE to LPH: 0.39±0.61 versus 0.08±0.43 (F (1, 104) = 8.599, *p* = 0.004; (8-ISO+4-HNE) to LPH: 0.60±0.62 versus 0.34±0.42 (F (1, 104) = 7.022, *p* = 0.009) ([Fig.",
" 1](#jad-58-jad161248-g001){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nHigher baseline lipid peroxidation levels and exercise effect on cognition {#sec0055}\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIn all CAD patients, there were significant improvements over the 24-week exercise intervention in verbal memory (t (1, 69) = --7.765, *p* \\< 0.001), processing speed (t (1, 70) = --4.452, *p* \\< 0.001), and executive function performance (t (1, 70) = --4.525, *p* \\< 0.001), but no difference between baseline and follow-up in visuospatial function performance (t (1, 70) = 1.231, *p* = 0.223). ",
"The differences were no longer significant when we adjusted for possible covariates. ",
"Repeated measures ANOVA of cognitive performance at baseline and 6 months adjusting for age, gender, education years, and VO~2~ peak revealed no significant time and time-by-group interactions in any of the cognitive domains (all *p* values \\>0.05).",
"\n\nLinear regression analyses revealed a significant association between baseline serum concentration of 8-ISO and change in verbal memory (R^2^ = 0.124, *p* = 0.033; [Fig.",
" 2A](#jad-58-jad161248-g002){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and executive function z-scores (R^2^ = 0.137, *p* = 0.026; [Fig.",
" 2B](#jad-58-jad161248-g002){ref-type=\"fig\"}) in a model that included sex, years of education, VO~2~ peak, and BMI as possible covariates. ",
"Similarly, in separate analyses, there were significant associations between smaller improvement in executive function performance over 24 weeks and the 8-ISO/LPH (R^2^ = 0.154, *p* = 0.013; [Fig.",
" 2C](#jad-58-jad161248-g002){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and only a trend toward significant with (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH ratios (*p* = 0.054). ",
"The results remained significant when patient group (VaMCI or CAD control) was added as a covariate. ",
"None of the other lipid peroxidation markers or ratios were found to be significant predictors of change in processing speed or visuospatial function.",
"\n\n{#jad-58-jad161248-g002}\n\nTo confirm our results, we also did *post-hoc* analyses using repeated measure ANCOVA, where we found significant time by 8-ISO effect on verbal memory (F (1, 64) = 4.738, *p* = 0.030) and executive function (F (1, 64) = 5.219, *p* = 0.026) at baseline and follow up. ",
"Similarly, there was a significant time by 8-ISO/LPH (F (1, 65) = 6.592, *p* = 0.013) interaction effect and a trending (8-ISO+4HNE)/LPH (F (1, 65) = 3.857, *p* = 0.054) interaction effect on executive function performance at baseline and follow-up. ",
"A univariate analysis to compare the effect of exercise on cognition between CAD patients who had high and low lipid peroxidation levels at baseline indicated that those in the low lipid peroxidation group had significantly greater improvement in executive function, after controlling for baseline cognitive score, sex, BMI, VO~2~ peak, and years of education (high versus low for (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH: (F (1,64) = 6.690, *p* = 0.012); high versus low 8-ISO to LPH ratio: (F (1, 64) = 5.965, *p* = 0.017); [Fig.",
" 3](#jad-58-jad161248-g003){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\n{#jad-58-jad161248-g003}\n\nDISCUSSION {#sec0060}\n==========\n\nThe present study highlights the possible contribution of lipid peroxidation in the etiology of early cognitive deficits due to vascular pathology. ",
"We found a significant group effect (VaMCI versus CAD control) in a model that includes all three lipid peroxidation products as the dependent variables, as well as sex, cardiopulmonary fitness, and years of education as potential confounding variables. ",
"The ratios between late- and early-stage lipid peroxidation markers (8-ISO/LPH, 4-HNE/LPH, and (8-ISO+4-HNE)/LPH) were significantly elevated in the VaMCI group as compared to CAD controls. ",
"The present study also sought to explore the influence of lipid peroxidation levels at baseline in mediating the benefit of exercise intervention on cognition. ",
"We found that higher lipid peroxidation levels at baseline, as indicated by greater 8-ISO and ratios between late- and early-stage markers, were associated with less improvement in executive function and verbal memory performance following a 24-week exercise intervention. ",
"OS has been proposed to represent an early event in the neurodegenerative process. ",
"Our results are consistent with a growing body of evidence, which has found that lipid peroxidation markers are significantly elevated in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain of patients with MCI \\[[@ref033]\\]. ",
"Ratios of lipid peroxidation markers, including those comparing late-stage markers 8-ISO, 4-HNE, and (8-ISO+4-HNE) to the early-stage marker LPH might be used to measure the balance of the redox system \\[[@ref031]\\]. ",
"The VaMCI cohort in the present study represents a subgroup of individuals who have not yet developed dementia and are independent in activities of daily living. ",
"Together with their subtle cognitive impairment, they have important vascular risk factors, as shown in [Table 1](#jad-58-jad161248-t001){ref-type=\"table\"}. ",
"Despite the important contribution of vascular risk factors in neurodegenerative diseases, there is currently no reliable biomarker that defines MCI due to vascular disease. ",
"Our results suggest that accelerated lipid peroxidation progression might contribute to early cognitive changes due to vascular disease and may represent a risk biomarker for those with VaMCI. ",
"The Canadian Study of Health and Aging has reported that the failure to consider VaMCI underestimates the prevalence of impairment and the risk for adverse outcomes associated with vascular cognitive impairment, as the rates of institutionalization and mortality of those with cognitive impairment were significantly higher than those without cognitive impairment \\[[@ref035]\\]. ",
"Our findings may provide an important lead into the search for a therapeutic target that can be used to treat this high-risk subpopulation at the earliest stage of the disease process. ",
"The next step would be to perform a longer longitudinal study to evaluate lipid peroxidation markers in a cohort of VaMCI patients who have evidence of both cognitive impairment and subcortical ischemic vascular disease on MRI \\[[@ref007]\\]. ",
"While the cardiovascular benefits of physical exercise in CAD patients are well-established \\[[@ref037]\\], less attention has been paid to maximizing cognitive benefits. ",
"The present study investigated lipid peroxidation markers as predictors of cognitive response to exercise in CAD patients.",
"\n\nIn addition to lipid peroxidation, an increase in protein oxidation has also been demonstrated in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and MCI \\[[@ref039]\\]. ",
"In addition, oxidative damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was found in temporal, frontal, and parietal lobe of MCI patients \\[[@ref040]\\]. ",
"The accumulation of these oxidized proteins and DNA is known to disrupt neuronal function and lead to an increase in cytoplasmic inclusions and loss of synaptic transmission, all of which might strongly contribute to exacerbating cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative processes involved in dementia \\[[@ref041]\\].",
"\n\nCardiopulmonary fitness is associated with better executive function performance in CAD patients \\[[@ref028]\\], suggesting that exercise intervention might confer neuroprotective benefits. ",
"Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials in patients with MCI have demonstrated that exercise significantly improves cognitive performance on multiple tests examining global cognition and executive function domains \\[[@ref042]\\]. ",
"However, the cognitive benefits of exercise are of variable efficacy, especially in those without dementia but at high risk of cognitive decline \\[[@ref024]\\]. ",
"Increased lipid peroxidation may, in part, result from a relative decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities \\[[@ref045]\\]. ",
"One of the mechanisms by which exercise improves cognition is by increasing the brain's natural antioxidant defense mechanism, which facilitates adaptation of the antioxidant repair system and increases its resistance to the harmful effects of OS \\[[@ref046]\\]. ",
"However, elevated lipid peroxidation ratios at baseline might decrease the capacity of exercise to restore the antioxidant defense system, limiting its beneficial effect on cognition. ",
"This notion is supported by our current findings, which showed that greater lipid peroxidation ratios measured at baseline was associated with less improvement in verbal memory and executive function performance over 24 weeks of a CR program. ",
"In addition to measuring lipid peroxidation markers, future studies should evaluate differences in antioxidant levels and the effect of antioxidant systems (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferases) on cognitive response to exercise. ",
"Further, increasing the antioxidant defense system through multimodal interventions involving both exercise and antioxidant therapy might create an additive or synergistic positive effect on cognition. ",
"Our previous work in CAD patients showed that combining exercise intervention and treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid did not improve overall cognitive performance, although some benefit was demonstrated for verbal memory \\[[@ref047]\\]. ",
"It has yet to be determined whether adding antioxidant therapy to exercise would be more beneficial.",
"\n\nMany assays are available to measure lipid peroxidation; however, no single assay is an accurate measure of the whole process \\[[@ref048]\\]. ",
"An increase in concentrations of late-stage lipid peroxidation products, in particular the 8-isoprostane and malondialdehyde, is the evidence most frequently reported as the extent of lipid damage due to ROS. ",
"In the present study, we evaluated the possible involvement of lipid peroxidation in patients with VaMCI by assessing differences in the individual concentration of lipid peroxidation products, as well as the ratios of late- to early- stage products. ",
"Since lipid peroxidation can be divided into multiple steps with each step giving rise to different end products, assessing the relative abundance of early- and late-stage products provide a preliminary measure of lipid peroxidation progression. ",
"Although elevated concentrations of the individual products have traditionally been considered as evidence of lipid peroxidation, the ratios between late- to early- stage products were explored to possibly provide an alternative approach, reflecting a more dynamic measure associated with the multi-step process of lipid peroxidation. ",
"The use of ratios was chosen to understand the balance of the system and to eliminate potential influence of external factors, such as nutritional status \\[[@ref049]\\]. ",
"Quantifying ratios in longitudinal studies may help clarify the role of altered lipid peroxidation and cognitive decline in patients with VaMCI.",
"\n\nThe use of monoclonal-antibody techniques directed against LDL that has undergone peroxidation would be valuable to increase the specificity of lipid peroxidation assessment in plasma samples. ",
"In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) is the most abundant aldehyde product resulting from lipid peroxidation and widely used as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation \\[[@ref050]\\]. ",
"Increased levels of MDA have been found in plasma of patients with MCI and Alzheimer's disease \\[[@ref051]\\]. ",
"Future studies should assess MDA and oxidized LDL levels to evaluate whether findings can be replicated using these OS parameters.",
"\n\nThe present study has some limitations. ",
"First, the relatively small number of individuals in the VaMCI group may limit our ability to detect significant differences in individual lipid peroxidation markers, though significant differences between the groups in the ratios of late- to early-stage markers were detected. ",
"However, as expected, the proportion of VaMCI patients in our CAD population is higher than the prevalence reported for general elderly population \\[[@ref007]\\]. ",
"Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted. ",
"Although we included VO~2~ peak as a covariate in all of our analyses examining associations between baseline lipid peroxidation markers and changes in cognition, the VaMCI group had significantly lower cardiopulmonary fitness, which has been shown previously to predict less cognitive improvement following CR \\[[@ref028]\\]. ",
"However, the results were confirmed by our *post-hoc* analysis, which showed that CAD patients in the low lipid peroxidation group demonstrated greater improvement in executive function compared to those in the high lipid peroxidation group, suggesting that baseline lipid peroxidation levels may be an important mediator of cognitive response to exercise. ",
"Similarly, the total years of education was greater in the VaMCI group compared to CAD controls. ",
"While education was added as a covariate in all analyses, this issue can only be partially mitigated by statistical correction and may still have influenced the findings. ",
"Third, our VaMCI criteria did not include neuroimaging evidence of small vessel disease. ",
"While neuroimaging provides important evidence for cerebrovascular disease, clinical history and neurological examination can also be reliable sources of objective evidence in the absence of neuroimaging. ",
"As shown in [Table 1](#jad-58-jad161248-t001){ref-type=\"table\"} and by our previous work, the CAD patients in this study have demonstrated cerebrovascular risk factors \\[[@ref052]\\], neuroimaging changes \\[[@ref053]\\], and cognitive impairment \\[[@ref027]\\] that would meet the criteria of possible VaMCI. ",
"Nevertheless, future studies should confirm the current findings in VaMCI patients who also have neuroimaging evidence of small vessel disease. ",
"Finally, this study investigated only two markers of late-stage lipid peroxidation (4-HNE and 8-ISO), and examining other markers of lipid peroxidation may be warranted.",
"\n\nIn conclusion, cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in those with CAD. ",
"Our results suggest that altered lipid peroxidation might be implicated in VaMCI. ",
"Greater lipid peroxidation ratios also predicted smaller cognitive improvements in response to a 24-week exercise intervention. ",
"A redox imbalance might lead to neuronal mitochondrial damage, which may play an important role in accelerating the cognitive consequences of vascular disease. ",
"Future efforts should aim to confirm these findings in a larger and longer longitudinal study with a well-defined cohort of patients with VaMCI to validate lipid peroxidation markers as early risk markers of prodromal vascular neurocognitive disorder. ",
"Antioxidant therapy might be explored as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the benefit of exercise to improve cognition in VaMCI.",
"\n\nFunding support was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Lanctot MOP-114913) and the Alzheimer Society of Canada Research Program Doctoral Award.",
"\n\nAuthors' disclosures available online (<http://j-alz.com/manuscript-disclosures/16-1248r2>).",
"\n"
] | {
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"Q:\n\nHow to get just numerical value from a string in bash\n\nI have an xml file and i want to extract just the numerical value from a string in the file.",
"One of the solution i came up with is \ncat file.xml |grep -i \"mu \"| grep -o '[0-9]'\n\nBut i get each digit separated by new line,e.g for 100,i get 1 then new line,then 0 and so on.",
"The other solution i came up with is \ncat file.xml |grep -i \"mu \"|cut -d ' ' -f 4| tr '=' ' '|cut -d ' ' -f2|tr '\"\"' ' '|sed -e 's/^ *//g' -e 's/ *$//g'\n\nMy question: Is there a simpler solution to this problem that i get just a numerical value from a line without caring about fields and not to use cut or tr commands?",
"\n\nA:\n\nUse this egrep:\negrep -o '[0-9]+'\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nVBA Pass Form Controls to Function\n\nAll,\nI have been struggling with this for a while: is it possible to pass an object to a function?",
"\nHere is what I am trying to accomplish:\n\nGet the name of which control was pressed on a form (as object?)",
"\nSend the control's name to function \"MyFunction\" (as reference?)",
"\nDisable that same control on \"MyFunction\"\n\nCalled from form1:\nPrivate Sub button1_Click()\n Dim caller As String\n caller = Form1.ActiveControl.",
"Name\n\n MyFunction(caller)\n\nEnd Sub 'I'm able to pass it as a string\n\nbutton1_Click calls MyFunction and passes caller to it:\nPrivate Sub MyFunction(caller As String)\n caller.",
"Enabled = False\nEnd Sub\n\nI understand this will not work as a string. ",
"How could I possibly do it as an actual object?",
"\nThank you!",
"\n\nA:\n\nThere is little problem passing an object to a sub:\nPrivate Sub Disable(c As Control)\n MsgBox c.Name\n c.Enabled = False\nEnd Sub\n\nPrivate Sub CommandButton1_Click()\n Disable CommandButton1\nEnd Sub\n\nPrivate Sub CommandButton2_Click()\n Disable CommandButton2\nEnd Sub\n\nPrivate Sub CommandButton3_Click()\n Disable CommandButton3\nEnd Sub\n\nIn the above I created a userform with three buttons, they say who they are when clicked and are then disabled.",
"\nNote that\nDisable CommandButton1\n\ncan be replaced by\nDisable Me.",
"ActiveControl\n\nor even just\nDisable ActiveControl\n\n"
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"Ricky Kelman\n\nRickey William Kelman (born July 6, 1950), is a former child and young adult actor who appeared in film and on television from 1954 to 1974. ",
"He had supporting roles in two single-season situation comedies, The Dennis O'Keefe Show (1959-1960) on CBS and Our Man Higgins (1962-1963) on ABC.",
"\n\nMajor roles\n\nOn The Dennis O'Keefe Show, Kelman played 10-year-old Randy Towne, reared by a single father, Hal Towne (Dennis O'Keefe), who writes a newspaper column entitled \"All Around Towne\". ",
"Kelman appeared in all thirty-two episodes of the series. ",
" Hope Emerson was cast as Amelia \"Sarge\" Sargent, the stern housekeeper, hence her name. ",
"Emerson died fifteen days before the last new episode of the series was aired, but she had finished her commitment to the program prior to her death and acted in the final segment which aired on May 10, 1960. ",
"Eloise Hardt was another regular cast member in the role of Karen Hadley, Hal's girlfriend.",
"\n\nOn Our Man Higgins, Kelman was Tommy MacRoberts, one of the three children of a suburban American couple, Duncan and Alice MacRoberts, played by Frank Maxwell and Audrey Totter. ",
"Stanley Holloway carried the title role of the MacRoberts' erudite English butler. ",
"Kelman appeared in all thirty-four episodes of Our Man Higgins, which might be loosely compared to the more successful NBC sitcom, Hazel starring Shirley Booth as a nosy housekeeper for an attorney, played by Don DeFore, his wife, and their son.",
"\n\nChild actor\n\nKelman's first appearances were in 1954 and 1955 as a choirboy on The Red Skelton Hour. ",
"He had an uncredited role in the 1955 film A Man Called Peter, based on the life of Peter Marshall, the Presbyterian pastor who was twice appointed chaplain of the U.S. Senate. ",
"In 1957, he portrayed Jimmy Logan in \"Bentley and the Baby Sitter\" on CBS's then-new sitcom, Bachelor Father, with John Forsythe and Noreen Corcoran. ",
"In 1957, Kelman played \"Elmer\" in the final Ma and Pa Kettle film, The Kettles on Old MacDonald's Farm, the last screen role for Marjorie Main. ",
"Her co-star was Parker Fennelly, rather than Percy Kilbride. ",
"\n \nOn January 2, 1958, Kelman was Norman Fisher in the episode \"The Big Jade\" of NBC's pioneering police drama, Dragnet, starring Jack Webb. ",
"From 1958 to 1959, young Kelman played Homer Foley in three episodes of the NBC children's western series, Buckskin, with Tommy Nolan and Sally Brophy, as a son and his widowed mother living in a hotel in a small fictitious Montana community. ",
"In 1958, Kelman appeared in \"The Unfamiliar\" on Ronald W. Reagan's CBS anthology series, General Electric Theater.",
"\n \nIn the 1960 season premiere of the ABC/Warner Brothers detective series, 77 Sunset Strip, the then 10-year-old Kelman appeared as Randolph in the episode \"Attic\", set in a remote mountain hideout. ",
"The episode stars Roger Smith as Jeff Spencer and features Kathleen Crowley, Cynthia Pepper, Lee Van Cleef, and Gary Vinson. ",
"He appeared in 1961 on NBC's Bonanza, with Lorne Greene, in the episodes \"Many Faces of Gideon Flinch\" and \"The Infernal Machine.\"",
"\n\nIn 1961, Kelman was cast in conflicting roles as John and Oliver Hadley in the episodes \"The Bully\" and \"The Sissy\", respectively, of NBC's National Velvet family drama series, starring Lori Martin as the teenaged equestrian Velvet Brown. ",
"On December 7, 1961, he was cast as \"Butch\" in the episode \"The Fabulous O'Hara\" of ABC's sitcom, The Donna Reed Show. ",
"In 1961 and 1962, he appeared twice on CBS's Gunsmoke with James Arness. ",
"In 1962, he played the youthful Alex in the episode \"Young Man's Fancy\" of CBS's The Twilight Zone, co-starring with Phyllis Thaxter.",
"\n \nKelman appeared on CBS's Lassie in 1959 and twice in 1965. ",
" In 1965, he guest starred as well on the ABC sitcom The Farmer's Daughter, starring William Windom and Inger Stevens.",
"\n\nYoung adult roles\n\nOn November 29, 1968, Kelman was cast as Donny Clement in the episode \"The Fatal Hours\" of the ABC police drama Felony Squad, with Howard Duff and Dennis Cole. ",
"In 1969, he played an older teenager, Josh Odam, in the episode \"Mexican Honeymoon\" of CBS's My Three Sons sitcom with Fred MacMurray and Beverly Garland. ",
"Three years earlier, he appeared as Frankie Martin in MacMurray's film about the Boy Scouts of America, Follow Me, Boys!. ",
" \n \nKelman played the character Mike in the coming of age picture, The First Time, a 1969 comedy about three inexperienced teenagers pursuing a sexual encounter in what turns out to be a nonexistent bordello near Buffalo, New York. ",
"His co-stars were Gerard Parkes and Jacqueline Bisset. ",
"\n \nOn December 31, 1969, Kelman played Quincy Rust in the episode \"The Adversaries\" of CBS's Medical Center with James Daly and Chad Everett. ",
"The episode focuses on the competition between two interns. ",
"Audrey Totter, Kelman's co-star in Our Man Higgins, later joined the Medical Center cast but did not appear in this episode. ",
"In 1970, Kelman appeared twice on ABC's high school comedy-drama, Room 222, as Dennis Joplin in \"The New Boy\" and as Craig in \"Captain of the Team\". ",
"He was cast again with John Forsythe in his CBS sitcom, To Rome with Love.",
"\n\nIn 1971, he played Don Harper in \"The Climate of Doubt\" of the legal drama Men at Law, starring Robert Foxworth. ",
"In 1972, he played George Arbor in the episode \"The Corruptor\" on the ABC crime drama, The F.B.I. In 1972 and 1973, Kelman guest starred in episodes of CBS's Hawaii Five-O and Here's Lucy. ",
"In the latter comedy series, he played a 23-year-old \"teenager\" in the episode \"Lucy and Andy Griffith.\" ",
"A decade earlier, Kelman had portrayed John Ballantine in the acclaimed Lucille Ball and Bob Hope film, Critic's Choice.",
"\n \nKelman's last acting appearances were in 1973 and 1974 in two episodes of the syndicated anthology series, Insight.",
"\n \nHis older brother, Terry Ross Kelman (born 1947), is a former child actor whose screen appearances occurred between 1954 and 1959, with his last work in two episodes of the NBC western series, Wagon Train, starring Ward Bond.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1950 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:20th-century American male actors\nCategory:American male child actors\nCategory:American male film actors\nCategory:American male television actors\nCategory:Male actors from Greater Los Angeles"
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"The 'variety effect' describes the greater consumption that is observed when multiple foods with different sensory characteristics are presented either simultaneously or sequentially. ",
"Variety increases the amount of food consumed in test of ad libitum intake. ",
"However, outside the laboratory, meals are often planned in advance and then consumed in their entirety. ",
"We sought to explore the extent to which the variety effect is anticipated in this pre-meal planning. ",
"Participants were shown two food images, each representing a first or a second course of a hypothetical meal. ",
"The two courses were either, i) exactly the same food, ii) different foods from the same sensory category (sweet or savoury) or, iii) different foods from a different sensory category. ",
"In Study 1 (N = 30) these courses comprised typical 'main meal' foods and in Study 2 (N = 30) they comprised snack foods. ",
"For each pair of images, participants rated their expected liking of the second course and selected ideal portion sizes, both for the second course and the first and second course, combined. ",
"In both studies, as the difference between the courses (from (i) same to (ii) similar to (iii) different) increased, the second course was selected in a larger portion and it was rated as more pleasant. ",
"To our knowledge, these are the first studies to show that the variety effect is evident in the energy content of self-selected meals. ",
"This work shows that effects of variety are learned and anticipated. ",
"This extends our characterisation beyond a passive process that develops towards the end of a meal."
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"Our new Indie Games subforum is now open for business in G&T. Go and check it out, you might land a code for a free game. ",
"If you're developing an indie game and want to post about it, follow these directions. ",
"If you don't, he'll break your legs! ",
"Hahaha! ",
"Seriously though.",
"\n\nOur rules have been updated and given their own forum. ",
"Go and look at them! ",
"They are nice, and there may be new ones that you didn't know about! ",
"Hooray for rules! ",
"Hooray for The System! ",
"Hooray for Conforming!",
"\n\n\"No More Heroes\" Out now! - \"",
"If I become #1, will you do it with me?\"",
"\n\nPosts\n\nit had a more serious vibe that was absent from a lot of the rest of the game...plus it was cool to see just how good Jeane was, compared to yourself. ",
"Even darkstepping wouldn't work against her. ",
"Not to mention how goddamn good you have to be to fight a swordsman with just your body. ",
"And the feeling of dread that goes through you when you lose that last blow and she punches you...oh man.",
"\n\nIt was appropriate for a last boss fight.",
"\n\nEh...\n\nSpoiler:\n\nShe was waaaay to easy though. ",
"After the first time I grabbed her I thought, \"Hrm, maybe I shouldn't grab her anymore...\" So every time I stunned her I just opened up a new combo on her, which lead to another stun, which lead to another combo, etc. ",
"I really thought Henry was the better fight of the two.",
"\n\nSpoiler:\n\nI agree that Henry's fight was far more fun, but it was also way easier. ",
"His strong attacks are ridiculously easy to avoid, if you just keep your distance, and darkstepping him is a total cinch.",
"\n\nit had a more serious vibe that was absent from a lot of the rest of the game...plus it was cool to see just how good Jeane was, compared to yourself. ",
"Even darkstepping wouldn't work against her. ",
"Not to mention how goddamn good you have to be to fight a swordsman with just your body. ",
"And the feeling of dread that goes through you when you lose that last blow and she punches you...oh man.",
"\n\nIt was appropriate for a last boss fight.",
"\n\nEh...\n\nSpoiler:\n\nShe was waaaay to easy though. ",
"After the first time I grabbed her I thought, \"Hrm, maybe I shouldn't grab her anymore...\" So every time I stunned her I just opened up a new combo on her, which lead to another stun, which lead to another combo, etc. ",
"I really thought Henry was the better fight of the two.",
"\n\nSpoiler:\n\nI agree that Henry's fight was far more fun, but it was also way easier. ",
"His strong attacks are ridiculously easy to avoid, if you just keep your distance, and darkstepping him is a total cinch.",
"\n\nMan, that'd be awesome. ",
"It would also (hopefully) secure us a sequel. ",
"Maybe next time Ubisoft will stay far far away from it.",
"\n\nWho else would be willing to publish a Grasshopper game over here, though?",
"\n\nCapcom's not going to do it (not after Killer7). ",
"Marvelous is too small to even market as little as Ubi did. ",
"Atlus is too small to market it. ",
"Nintendo probably wouldn't do it. ",
"most of the western publishers, besides Ubi, tend to stay away from this sort of thing.",
"\n\nI hate that Ubi didn't market this thing more, but at least they had the brains to pay the license to publish over here. ",
"I just wish they had scraped a little off the top of their excessive and glutinous Assassin's Creed Marketing Fund to pay a little more for this.",
"\n\nMan, that'd be awesome. ",
"It would also (hopefully) secure us a sequel. ",
"Maybe next time Ubisoft will stay far far away from it.",
"\n\nWho else would be willing to publish a Grasshopper game over here, though?",
"\n\nCapcom's not going to do it (not after Killer7). ",
"Marvelous is too small to even market as little as Ubi did. ",
"Atlus is too small to market it. ",
"Nintendo probably wouldn't do it. ",
"most of the western publishers, besides Ubi, tend to stay away from this sort of thing.",
"\n\nI hate that Ubi didn't market this thing more, but at least they had the brains to pay the license to publish over here. ",
"I just wish they had scraped a little off the top of their excessive and glutinous Assassin's Creed Marketing Fund to pay a little more for this.",
"\n\nThe rumor is that it wasn't a money issue, actually. ",
"Supposedly Ubisoft thought Suda would be okay with releasing the ash version in the United States, which he wasn't, especially after Europe cowed to the pressure and decided to release the censored version. ",
"Ubisoft was scared they had another Manhunt 2 on their hands, so they decided to release it as quietly as possible.",
"\n\nNMH wasn't completely ignored in the press, though. ",
"I seem to recall it getting cover stories and such in Nintendo Power last year.",
"\n\nAnyway, yeah, that's great news.",
"\n\nWell, it may have had media coverage, but that's a far cry from Ubi going out and doing some legwork to market the thing.",
"\n\nBut I think most media coverage of No More Heroes has been incidental rather than purposeful on Ubi's part.",
"\n\nWhich is nice, and certainly helps, and good for those media outlets. ",
"But Ubi could have done more proactively to get this game more sales. ",
"And I think that there's a much larger market there for a game like this that they could have marketed towards more effectively and made a lot more money off of larger game sales.",
"\n\nBut... like I've said before, I don't think Ubi has a very large stake in this game. ",
"I think they bought the license to publish it in the west for some small sum, planned on selling a few copies for a small profit, and budgeted Marketing accordingly.",
"\n\nIt's not their own in-house game after all.",
"\n\nBut I still think that they could have had a sales blockbuster on their hands if they had done more with this.",
"\n\nThe rumor is that it wasn't a money issue, actually. ",
"Supposedly Ubisoft thought Suda would be okay with releasing the ash version in the United States, which he wasn't, especially after Europe cowed to the pressure and decided to release the censored version. ",
"Ubisoft was scared they had another Manhunt 2 on their hands, so they decided to release it as quietly as possible.",
"\n\nOr so the story goes.",
"\n\nThat's an interesting rumor..\n\nThe thing about NMH is that, while it's bloody, it's not realistic at all. ",
"It's cel shaded. ",
"As gory and violent as it may be, I'd be more afraid of media outcry over Assassin's Creed than this.",
"\n\nBy Grasshopper's track record, this game is already selling very well (assuming the NPD rumor that it's between 100k and 130k sales is true).",
"\n\nLTD sales for Killer7 were these:\n\nPS2 KILLER 7: 6,247\nGCN KILLER 7: 16,350\n\nFor the USA. ",
"A little better in japan, but nothing broke 100,000.",
"\n\nDamn. ",
"I need to find and buy that.",
"\n\nKiller 7? ",
"It's not hard at all to find. ",
"There's so many unsold copies of that game that you could probably find it behind a box of Swiss Rolls at your local grocery store. ",
"It would also be cheaper than the box of Swiss Rolls.",
"\n\nNo worries, I'd be surprised if everyone didn't have at least a little trouble with those parts.",
"\n\nI found that the best way to do it was to make sure my initial stance had the remote in a vertical position, instead of behind my shoulder like you would hold a real bat. ",
"If I held it by my head straight up in the air, it seemed more responsive. ",
"The swing itself was more of a \"chop\" than a full out swing. ",
"You kind of have to swing it slightly before you think you're supposed to as well - if you swing it where it looks like you should, the swing will probably register too late.",
"\n\nIt's definitely not as intuitive as something like Wii Sports baseball, but once you get the hang of how it works it's not too bad.",
"\n\nMaybe I just suck... but I think I need some help. ",
"Sometimes the bike powerslides in the opposite direction I want it to even though I made sure I did the right direction. ",
"Is there some trick that I'm missing?",
"\n\nAlso, maybe I'm the oddball but I find myself not really minding the overworld too much. ",
"Granted I've only just beat Rank 9. ",
"I just wish you could actually bump into people when you were walking around, and that cars could be crashed/crunched (so that if you hit one with the bike it wouldn't be an automatic wipe out).",
"\n\nAnd I dislike the fact that when you pick up a shirt it switches to it. ",
"Is there an option for that or something? ",
"I like to pick my own clothes than you very much.",
"\n\nMaybe I just suck... but I think I need some help. ",
"Sometimes the bike powerslides in the opposite direction I want it to even though I made sure I did the right direction. ",
"Is there some trick that I'm missing?",
"\n\nTry jerking the remote instead of tilting it, if you aren't already doing so. ",
"If you want to powerslide into a left turn, hold B and jerk the remote to the right, and vice versa. ",
"I found that tilting it doesn't work very well, and once I started jerking it, I got much better results.",
"\n\nSince NMH was released on January 22, it was tracked for 12 days of sales which puts it at 65k in US.",
"\n\nI'd say this is very good considering his last game that had this type of style performed abysmally (K7).",
"\n\nIf it can sell 65K in 2 weeks with nil advertising, I think the game will easily reach 100k+ sell-through in US alone.",
"\n\nRight now, Marvelous reported that they have 160k order from retailers in EU.",
"\nGiven the game's sell-through in US and the scarcity of the games in some areas, I believe Wii EU gamers are going to have a hard time as well looking for the game unless they preordered.",
"\n\nAnd I dislike the fact that when you pick up a shirt it switches to it. ",
"Is there an option for that or something? ",
"I like to pick my own clothes than you very much.",
"\n\nYeah! ",
"This has been bugging me.",
"\n\nAlso, should I really bother hunting out balls and shirts early in the game or will I get sensors later on? ",
"I just got the dig-spot sensor. ",
"For that matter, does anything juicy hide out in the dig spots or is it just cash?",
"\n\nAnd I dislike the fact that when you pick up a shirt it switches to it. ",
"Is there an option for that or something? ",
"I like to pick my own clothes than you very much.",
"\n\nYeah! ",
"This has been bugging me.",
"\n\nAlso, should I really bother hunting out balls and shirts early in the game or will I get sensors later on? ",
"I just got the dig-spot sensor. ",
"For that matter, does anything juicy hide out in the dig spots or is it just cash?",
"\n\nYou can get cards in dig spots. ",
"You don't get sensors for dumpsters ever, but Lovikov balls should be on your map from the beginning.",
"\n\nAlso, I find myself not very good at figuring out exactly when to use high and low attacks, and I'm finding charge attacks to be nearly impossible to execute (usually get hit before I get any kind of charge). ",
"I'm having a rough time killing more than one person at a time. ",
"Maybe that's just a consequence of being low level still?",
"\n\nDon't do a charge attack unless you have some distance between you and your opponent. ",
"This is something that is easily abused in free fights. ",
"In the free fight in the car parking lot since you are surrounded, you should and can safely charge a low attack by separating yourself and your enemies by hiding behind a car. ",
"Try hitting your opponent with a few hits and then release an unfully charged low attack for close combat. ",
"To kill loads of people you're gonna want to rely on bringing up that \"death slash arrow\". ",
"You shouldn't have much trouble killing multiple \"normal\" baddies. ",
"I'd highly recommend you find 7 lokilov balls and buy the dark moon attack.",
"\n\nIt should be noted that there is a counterattack that unleashes a fully charged low attack minus the charge that you can perform. ",
"I've rarely pulled this off and as such, I am not fully aware on how it happens. ",
"I think you block and then press A just as you sheild an attack.",
"\n\nAlso, I find myself not very good at figuring out exactly when to use high and low attacks, and I'm finding charge attacks to be nearly impossible to execute (usually get hit before I get any kind of charge). ",
"I'm having a rough time killing more than one person at a time. ",
"Maybe that's just a consequence of being low level still?",
"\n\nHigh vs. Low just depends on watching how the opponent is holding the weapon. ",
"Or listening to the sound of a block. ",
"Once you hear that, just switch your stance and continue with your combo.",
"\n\nFor charge attacks, you should know that while charging or holding a low charge attack, you can move around slowly. ",
"There are a few occasions where I've charged one and inched towards an enemy. ",
"As a whole though, they use up too much battery power to be used often without specific upgrades on some of the later swords.",
"\n\nAnd I dislike the fact that when you pick up a shirt it switches to it. ",
"Is there an option for that or something? ",
"I like to pick my own clothes than you very much.",
"\n\nYeah! ",
"This has been bugging me.",
"\n\nAlso, should I really bother hunting out balls and shirts early in the game or will I get sensors later on? ",
"I just got the dig-spot sensor. ",
"For that matter, does anything juicy hide out in the dig spots or is it just cash?",
"\n\nYou can get cards in dig spots. ",
"You don't get sensors for dumpsters ever, but Lovikov balls should be on your map from the beginning.",
"\n\nNo, Lovikov balls only appear on the map after you're rank 8 and you go to the bar."
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"Unfortunately, as with much else regarding the murky finances at The Mount, smoke and mirrors abound in this Wharton-inspired tale, and things are not as they appear.",
"\n\nFor example, right now it is unclear precisely what the specific terms were of the December, 2005 purchase agreement with Mr. Ramsden because The Mount has so far refused to make the agreement public.",
"\n\nYet, one thing is known for sure, the $2.5 million loan that allowed the transaction to take place has yet to be repaid.",
"\n\nMr. Wilmers, a former CEO of M&T Bank from Buffalo, New York, with his wife, loaned the money to EWRI on November 30th, 2005, just two weeks before The Mount's CEO, Stephanie Copeland, flew to England and, with great fanfare (a New York Times correspondent was present), signed the purchase agreement with Mr. Ramsden that would bring the leather-bound collection back to the United States.",
"\n\nThe Berkshire Eagle reported that Mr. Wilmers \"was to be paid in full by Dec. 31, 2007. ",
"He has not been paid; he declined a request for an interview this week.\"",
"\n\nNot only did EWRI fail to repay the Wilmers, but $744,700 of the loan they arranged appears never to have been used for the purpose the Wilmers specifically intended, that being to buy the Wharton collection and bring it back to its original home in Lenox.",
"\n\nIt is clear from the inception that the bank-savvy Wilmer's notion of providing a bridge loan as a means to procure the historic library did not also encompass using the proceeds to pay the organization's monthly obligations or various other debts.",
"\n\nThe evidence for this comes from one of The Mount's newest trustees, Lord Christopher Tugendhat, a former British politician who acknowledges being the 'facilitator' who brought the sides back together when the book deal appeared to be going nowhere.",
"\n\nAn investment banker and former Conservative Member of the British Parliament, Lord Tugendhat, in September 2006, became an EWRI trustee, one of three newly appointed to the board.",
"\n\nShortly thereafter, for the The Mount's Winter 2007 Annual News & Financial Report, the life peer penned an article aptly entitled \"Christopher Tugendhat recounts his pivotal role in the library acquisition.",
"\"[p.8]\n\nIn the following excerpt, the British businessman describes Robert Wilmers' intentions regarding the library acquisition:\"It was a few months after this that Robert Wilmers re-entered the scene with a crucial intervention. ",
"He had kept in touch with what was going on and decided that decisive action was required. ",
"Would a deal be possible, he asked, if the financial means were forthcoming, or were there other factors in the way? ",
"I told Stephanie [Copeland] I was sure a deal was attainable since I believed we had won George's [Ramsden] confidence on all the non-financial issues. ",
"With the backing of Robert and Elisabeth [Wilmers] a revised proposition was then produced designed to enable the hands not just to touch but to shake. ",
"So again I took the train to York [England], again I was let loose among the books and again Jane [Ramsden] prepared a delicious lunch. ",
"This time though the denouement was very different. ",
"When I told George what The Mount had in mind, he immediately indicated that so long as the lawyers and accountants were happy a deal would be forthcoming. ",
"And so it was.\"",
"\n\nFrom Lord Tugendhat's description, it is plain that Robert Wilmers' intention was to create the 'financial means' and make them 'forthcoming', all to make possible a 'deal' that would result in The Mount's acquisition of the collection.",
"\n\nThere is not the slightest implication in Lord Tugendhat's memoir that Mr. Wilmers was intending any of his bridge loan to finance The Mount's operations or to cover any debt.",
"\n\nAccording to an individual familiar with EWRI, the original purchase agreement stipulated a price of £1,500,000 (British pounds or GBP) to be paid the bookseller in exchange for his collection of Ms. Wharton's extensive library of colorful leather volumes.",
"\n\nAt the currency conversion rate in effect that day, December 12th, one British pound (GBP) was equal to 1.75530 US Dollars (USD), and meant the collection was valued at over $2.63 million USD.",
"\n\nRather than paying Mr. Ramsden the entire sum though, EWRI instead paid him £1,000,000 at the closing and signed a note committing itself to pay the remaining £500,000 in ten annual installments of £50,000.",
"\n\nIn American dollars, that meant a purchase price of $2,632,950 with Mr. Ramsden receiving upfront $1,755,300 USD (£1,000,000 x 1.75530), with the 10-year note then worth $877,650 at $87,765 per installment.",
"\n\n(With currency exchange now strongly favoring the British pound, the cost in American dollars today to pay off that note will be considerably higher.)",
"\n\nWhen it was pointed out that EWRI's FY2007 IRS Form 990[p.24] shows the note being carried on The Mount's books at 8% [p.25], with the total number of British pounds owed Mr. Ramsden seemingly being compounded annually, Mr. Keegan said that standard bookkeeping practice requires notating and calculating interest, whether or not interest is actually being charged.",
"\n\nAt close of FY 2007, EWRI'sForm 990 shows the amount owed Mr. Ramsden had risen to £607,254 [p.24].",
"\n\nMr. Ramsden is supposed to receive his final installment by Dec. 12, 2015, but according to The Berkshire Eagle:\"The Mount paid him in 2006, but Ramsden did not receive his second payment last year.\"",
"\n\nMeanwhile, the unsecured $2,500,000 bridge loan from Mr. Wilmers, the one used to pay Mr. Ramsden his initial $1.75 million, is being carried at 4.04%, according to the Form 990, and is 'Due on demand'[p.25].",
"\n\nAfter subtracting the $1.75 million paid Mr. Ramsden from the $2.5 million loaned EWRI by Mr. Wilmers, there still remains exactly $744,700 the dispersal of which has yet to have had a public accounting or substantive explanation by EWRI officials.",
"\n\nWhile for certain there were expenses related to packing, securing and insuring the valuable library, as well as shipping all that paper and leather 3,500 miles to Lenox, Massachusetts from Settrington, England, none of that cost would account for the bulk of the 'missing' money.",
"\n\nSusan Wissler, vice president of The Mount, in an interview with The Berkshire Eagle, said \"the balance went to cover some operating deficit.\"",
"\n\nNot much of an answer, nor very detailed, from the person whose signature actually graces the Form 990 return to IRS.",
"\n\nSo the question remains, just what did happen to all that money? ",
"<<<<<\n\nA source familiar with the organization claims Ms. Copeland is fund-raising in the city and alleges that her efforts there bring in 70% of the organization's donations.",
"\n\nYet, The Mount subsidizes Ms. Copeland's personal use of this dwelling despite the organization's years of withering cash flow and financial hardship that recently culminated in it missing its February mortgage payment to Berkshire Bank (two separate loans actually, one at an interest rate of 7.0%, the other at a whopping 8.75%, both collateralized by real estate [p.25]).",
"\n\nWith The Mount unable to pull in sufficient operating capital for so many years now, it would appear that Ms. Copeland's 'fund-raising' efforts in Manhattan do not warrant keeping the expensive outpost that doubles as her pied-à-terre in the City.",
"\n\n(And with the CEO in New York all the time, just who is reaching out to the hearts and wallets of Boston's arts and social glitterati?)",
"\n\nFurther, The Mount sent its CEO and at least one other official on overseas 'tours'last year, all in the name of fund-raising, of course, but at a time when the organization was just months away from insolvency, if not already totally broke.",
"\n\nThe 114-guest luxury yacht, Corinthian II. ",
"Stephanie Copeland, CEO of The Mount, cruised aboard while 'fund-raising' for the tax-exempt organization.",
"\n\n(Elegant indeed, it's worthwhile remembering that at the time Edith Wharton took this very same frill-filled, spare-no-expense journey, she was already well-to-do having been born into a wealthy family, and thus had the means to spend money as she desired. ",
"She was not taking from a publicly-supported charity to support her lifestyle.)",
"\n\nBack in the Berkshires, with time out during the summer to take in the cool breezes off the back porch at The Mount, and having only just caught her breath from her breathless sea adventure, Ms. Copeland then embarked on her second Edith Wharton excursion of the year.",
"\n\nThis one commenced in October and lasted for 13 days.",
"\n\nShe was accompanied this time by another official with the organization, and continued her 'fund-raising', this time throughout Morocco on the coast of North Africa.(Tour itinerary)\n\nThe two Edith Wharton Restoration, Inc. executives apparently enjoyed \"sumptuous lodging and fine dining\", visiting \"private homes, gardens, and palaces in the red and white cities of Rabat and Sale, medieval Fes, the Roman ruins of Volubilis, and Marrakech, and much more,\" according to the Annual Report.",
"\n\nA view of Rabat in Morocco. ",
"Stephanie Copeland, CEO of The Mount, accompanied by another organization official, visited the ancient city while 'fund-raising' for the 'not-for-profit'.",
"\n\nThis jaunt, sun-bleach included, was \"Sponsored by The Mount\".",
"\n\nPerhaps the most revealing aspect to these executive vacations (working or not) is the insight they give into the managerial competence of Ms. Copeland, as well as to the individual herself.",
"\n\nShe took not one, but two extended overseas jaunts at a time when her organization was metaphorically bleeding-to-death (which problem partly was due to her free-spending decisions as CEO).",
"\n\nSignificant too, is that neither vacation was paid for by Ms. Copeland herself in spite of her $97,000 annual salary.",
"\n\nAs mentioned above, The Mount co-sponsored the first, and entirely foot the bill for the second.",
"\n\nSo at a time when fiscal austerity would have been the prudent course of action at Edith Wharton Restoration, Inc., with an overwhelming need for critical attention to be paid to the urgent task at hand of raising from as many as possible emergency sums to keep up with the organization's crushing debtload, Ms. Copeland was off retracing Edith Wharton's wanderlust.",
"\n\nMs. Copeland's time and the organization's dwindling resources would surely have been better spent reaching out within the wealthiest country on Earth, rather than sightseeing in the Mediterranean and in Moroccan shopping bazaars.",
"\n\nTo make matters worse, and for reasons as yet unexplained by John Keegan, CPA, the organization's long-time auditor and tax preparer, of the Pittsfield firm, Lombardi, Clairmont & Keegan, The Mount has failed to report its CEO's (and other key employees') various 'perks' anywhere on its annual IRS Form 990 return even though the CEO's use, for example, of the NYC digs appears to meet the IRS definition of a 'taxable fringe benefit' for which Ms. Copeland may be liable for federal income tax (in which case the organization would also be responsible for handing over to IRS the applicable withholding tax).",
"\n\nThere is also the small matter of the organization's $130,642 foreign currency transaction loss briefly noted on page 21 of the Fiscal 2007, Form 990.",
"\n\nWhat is the nature of this transaction, and just how does a literary arts institution/museum in western Massachusetts manage to sustain a foreign currency loss of any amount, let alone one of such magnitude?",
"\n\nForeign currency transactions and the high risks associated with them are generally the province of billionaires like George Soros, and international goliaths the size of General Electric Company.",
"\n\nUntil Edith Wharton Restoration, Inc. stops operating like a rigged Las Vegas slot-machine calibrated to go off only when its CEO puts in her token, there's little reason to believe this organization is going to survive -- and large creditors like publicly-tradedBerkshire Bank ought to take heed, and stop the shenanigans.",
"\n\nWe were talking (I have Sprint, Spitzer's got Verizon) and I was giving Eliot financial advice because he's been worried about his investments, and I thought I quite plainly said:\"Eliot, eschew risk in foreign exchange and CD's!\"Well, he thought I said: \"Screw Kristen for a change in DC!\"Damn it! ",
"That's the last time I give anyone advice over a cell phone!",
"\n\nTuesday, March 11, 2008\n\nWhatever you may think of Eliot Spitzer, it appears this whole investigation and prosecution was a 'set-up' from the very start -- meaning that Mr. Spitzer's enemies were looking to get him on anything they could.",
"\n\n(And they may or may not have had good cause depending upon what one thinks of the Democrat Governor's general performance since his swearing-in.)",
"\n\nThe escort service bust and the telephone taps leading up to it were merely the vehicles by which Mr. Spitzer's political enemies got him.",
"\n\n(No doubt Mr. Spitzer gave his enemies the shovels with which to bury him by frequenting an escort service, but don't be misled into thinking that Spitzer just happened to get caught up in the bust of a prostitution ring. ",
"Spitzer was always the original target. ",
"The particular escort service he was using -- and whose principals ultimately got indicted -- merely got caught up in the cross-hairs of those in pursuit of this Governor.)",
"\n\nI say all this because if you carefully read the actual criminal complaint (all 55 mind-numbing pages of it), it emerges that the sections dealing with 'Client 9' (Spitzer) reveal far more lurid details than any of the sections dealing with any of the other 'clients'.",
"\n\nTo me this says that the writers of the complaint wanted as much as possible to draw particular attention to the specific actions and words of that unnamed ninth client.",
"\n\nThe real intent, of course, in all this became crystal clear when conveniently it was repeatedly publicized throughout the day's media frenzy just exactly which number client Mr. Spitzer happened to be.",
"\n\nIt all seemed just too pat and staged.",
"\n\nAlso, in a separate ABC News story by Brian Ross, he writes:\"The suspicious financial activity was initially reported by a bank to the IRS which, under direction from the Justice Department, brought in the FBI's Public Corruption Squad.",
"'We had no interest at all in the prostitution ring until the thing with Spitzer led us to learn about it,' said one Justice Department official.\"",
"\n\n\"(T)he thing with Spitzer\" were his large cash withdrawals.",
"\n\nThese are what led investigators to look into what Spitzer was doing with that cash, and ultimately to the activities at the escort service.",
"\n\nIn addition, the complaint quotes 'Client 9' as expressing a need to visit an ATM cash machine to withdraw more money, this in order to pay his escort and her agency not just the requested balance due for the lady's services, but a substantial additional sum -- so that there would be a credit balance next time client Spitzer desired to engage the firm. (",
"He'd used the agency in the past.)",
"\n\nThis is the obvious indication, therefore, that Spitzer was using his local ATM to withdraw cash (thus sparing having to deal with the inquiring eyes -- and questioning thoughts -- of a bank teller).",
"\n\n(This escort agency's firm policy was to get a large deposit up-front -- at times 55% of the $1000 - $5000 per hour rates. ",
"This sum was requested to be deposited to a seemingly non-descript business account in cash, money order, wire transfer or American Express card -- no Mastercard or Visa welcomed here, thank you! ",
"In the case of Client 9, it appears the deposit was received via mail because, according to the complaint, \"Client-9 would not do traditional wire transferring\" [Para.74].)",
"\n\nSounds to me that at Spitzer's bank, the ATM supervisor (or head teller) may have noticed large cash withdrawals from the machines from certain accounts and decided to check out just to whom exactly those account(s) were listed -- not an unusual practice in this age when federal and bank officials are worried about terror groups sending large amounts of cash overseas to other terrorists.",
"\n\nSo anyway, once it was determined by the bank that it was actually the Governor of New York who was withdrawing large sums of cash from his account(s), then the next obvious question is: Why?",
"\n\nMeaning: Why does a family man need $3,000 - $6,000 in walking-around money when he's likely got plenty of credit cards in addition to a state-provided limousine, chauffeur, and trooper contingent?",
"\n\n(Even Warren Buffett is known to carry only about 300 to 400 bucks in his wallet at any one time.)",
"\n\nWho is to say then that whomever it was (the ATM teller, the head teller, the bank manager, the bank president, the bank prez's Wall Street squash partner) with access to this tantalizing and invaluable tidbit of information -- that the arrogant, seemingly straight-arrow and invincible, mean-ass former prosecutor Governor of New York was periodically making large cash withdrawals for unknown purposes -- didn't direct this morsel to the table of the Governor's hungriest and most determined enemies?",
"\n\nSunday, March 09, 2008\n\nFailure to report 'fringe benefits' could leave CEO, Trustees at The Mount liable.",
"Stephanie Copeland, president and CEO at Edith Wharton Restoration, Inc. (EWRI) has been associated with The Mount for years and years.",
"She's even had the honor of receiving a Preserve America Presidential Award given her in 2005 by Pres. ",
"George W. Bush.",
"She resides in Stockbridge, and during the long Berkshire winters when business at the Lenox attraction is slow, Ms. Copeland continues her organization's fund-raising efforts 150 miles to the south in mid-town Manhattan, where she stays for extended periods.",
"Ms. Copeland's annual salary at $97,116 is considered respectable for Berkshire County (median income for a household here is $39,047).Yet, according to the Manhattan telephone directory, it is not Ms. Copeland but rather EWRI to which a phone at 500 West 56th Street is listed.",
"Trouble is the 20-story building at that address, The Westport, billed as \"One of the Premiere Luxury Rentals in New York City,\" is a residential apartment complex.(The Westport's units include studios starting at $2,695 up to 2-bedrooms starting at $5,595 monthly.)",
"\n\nPhoto: President George W. Bush and Laura Bush present the 2005 Preserve America Presidential Award to members of the Edith Wharton Restoration in the Oval Office Monday, May 2, 2005. ",
"They are, from left, Barbara de Marneffe, Co-Chairman, Board of Trustees of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Stephanie Copeland, President and CEO, of Stockbridge, Massachusetts. (",
"White House photo by Eric Draper)\n\nWhen a call was made today to The Westport, the fellow answering in the leasing department confirmed that the building is zoned residential, and that it is not an office building nor is it supposed to lease to commercial tenants.",
"Dialing EWRI's Manhattan number generates a series of different rings and ultimately forwards the caller to what sounds like a distant fax machine or computer.",
"First off, why is a not-for-profit organization maintaining an expensive NYC branch office when it's millions of dollars in the hole, and for years has had severe cash flow problems?Next, since EWRI allegedly maintains this outpost for purposes of fund-raising, why are its offices in a residential building?Finally, even were there a legitimate business rationale for The Mount to maintain an expensive perch so far from its Plunkett Street base, should the organization be subsidizing a space that doubles as overnight lodging (or longer-term accommodations) for a favored few?",
"\n\nPhoto: Stephanie Copeland in front of The Mount, Lenox, Mass. -- Credit: Nathaniel Brooks for The New York Times.",
"\n\nUnder regulations governing tax-exempts, accommodations bought and paid for by charity organizations aren't free for the personal use of organization officials.",
"They're considered a taxable fringe benefit.",
"Those getting use of them owe extra federal income tax, and all information relevant to those transactions is supposed to be reported to IRS.If EWRI is not reporting such transactions, or is reporting them inaccurately, then EWRI is running afoul of IRS regulations (in addition to its other current woes).In looking at EWRI's most recent annual Form 990 filings, for fiscal 2007, 2006, and 2005, EWRI has reported to IRS that it paid zero dollars towards 'expense account and other allowances' going to EWRI's\"Current officers, directors, trustees and key employees\".",
"IRS defines 'expense account' as including any taxable fringe benefit or perquisite paid to the recipient.",
"Organization-provided lodging has a value and it's supposed to be calculated using what it would cost to obtain similar lodging at fair-market prices in an arm's-length transaction.",
"Using The Westport's published rental figures above as an arm's-length, fair-market guide, that would mean the benefit recipient owes federal income taxes on the value of a month's stay as if that recipient were getting paid by EWRI an extra $2,700 to $5,600 monthly.",
"Like I said, all this data is supposed to be -- is required to be -- reported annually to IRS on EWRI'sForm 990, Part V-A.Likewise, it is supposed to be duly noted in another section of Form 990, specifically in 'Schedule A, Part III' where the preparer is asked whether the organization furnished 'goods, services, or facilities' to 'trustees,' 'officers' or 'key employees'?EWRI has annually reported 'No'.",
"\n\nIn addition to the issue of providing faulty information to IRS (which is concerned with the obvious possibility of tax evasion by those whose perks are not being reported), there is also the matter of 'self-dealing', the furnishing of services to a foundation trustee or manager without charge or at a price below fair market value.",
"In cases where IRS determines that self-dealing has occurred, the agency can level on the offender an additional five percent excise tax on each act of self-dealing.",
"As additional punishment for allowing it to happen, the agency can level an excess benefits excise taxon an organization's entire board.",
"It is quite clear that EWRI's board of trustees, its CEO, and its auditor need to explain what exactly is going on with EWRI's mid-town pied-à-terre. ",
"<<<<<\n\n(Editor's Note: The author's familiarity with IRS regulations as they apply to tax-exempt organizations came about as the result of an extensive investigative report written in 2006 about the failure of another Berkshire 'not-for-profit', WAMC Northeast Public Radio, to report to IRS the taxable fringe benefits and perks paid to its CEO over the course of twenty-plus years. ",
"See: \"TAX CHEAT! ",
"How Alan Chartock conspired with WAMC to avoid paying IRS\".)"
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"Suppose that a wideband pulse x(t) of finite duration and unknown shape is to be sampled at a plurality of J time instants t1, t2, . . . , ",
"tj, . . . ",
"tJ. It is assumed that the pulse duration is limited by some maximum value T, and that the pulse time-of-arrival is approximately known. ",
"The acquired samples of the pulse x(t) are then used to determine some pulse descriptors such as shape and its moments, including location and time spread. ",
"The pulse under examination may be regarded as being observed at the output of a suitable sensor that has captured a portion of electromagnetic radiation scattered by a remote object of interest.",
"\nA review of the development of sampling techniques is given in “50 Years of RF and Microwave Sampling” by Mark Kahrs, IEEE Trans. ",
"Microwave Theory Tech., ",
"vol. ",
"51, no. ",
"1, pp. ",
"1787-1804, June 2003.",
"\nConventional sampling techniques utilise ultra-fast sampling circuits to produce instantaneous signal samples. ",
"However, such ultra-fast sampling circuits are generally expensive."
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"Hypertonic glucose pleurodesis and surgical diaphragmatic repair for tension hydrothorax complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.",
"\nWe herein describe a case of tension hydrothorax that occurred on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), highlighting the problems of diagnosis and a novel management. ",
"A 38-year-old male with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus developed dyspnea and poor drainage after 13 months of CAPD. ",
"Chest X-ray revealed massive right-sided hydrothorax and mediastinal shift. ",
"He underwent emergency thoracentesis and pleural fluid showed a high level of glucose. ",
"Pleuroperitoneal communication was strongly suspected, although the methylene blue test was negative. ",
"We temporarily performed hemodialysis. ",
"Two weeks later, PD was resumed but failed with recurrent right-side hydrothorax in 4 months. ",
"The pleuroperitoneal leakage was definitively confirmed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). ",
"Diaphragmatic repair and pleurodesis with hypertonic glucose were performed. ",
"There was no recurrence of hydrothorax after treatment."
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"Motorcycle riders are very vulnerable to injury or death. ",
"Riders of bicycles and similar vehicles are also very vulnerable to injury and death. ",
"To increase rider safety, many states have implemented laws requiring riders to wear helmets. ",
"Even without laws, prudent riders wear helmets. ",
"Despite the requirement and popularity of helmets, motorcycle rider deaths routinely exceed 4500 per year and continue to increase despite a decrease in total vehicle related deaths.",
"\nTherefore, there is a need for an improved helmet to decrease the likelihood of incidents or accidents involving motorcycles and similar vehicles."
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"The stability of anatomical and centroid reference points in cephalometric analysis.",
"\nCephalometric records of 60 fetuses were combined on a coordinate reference grid to measure the statistical spread of the outlines. ",
"When centroid instead of anatomical points were used for superimposition of records, the spread of the outlines was reduced dramatically, being statistically significant (p less than 0.001). ",
"The centroid is a mean point being less variable and preferable to anatomical points commonly used for comparing successive cephalometric records."
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"EDMONTON, ALBERTA--(Marketwired - July 19, 2017) - Radient Technologies Inc. (\"Radient\" or the \"Company\") (TSX VENTURE:RTI) today provides an update on the Corporation's collaboration arrangement with Aurora Cannabis.",
"\n\nOn June 5th, 2017, the Corporation and Aurora Cannabis Inc. (\"Aurora\"), (TSX VENTURE:ACB)(OTCQX:ACBFF)(FRANKFURT:21P)(WKN:A1C4WM) announced the results of their Joint Venture Research Activity (\"JV\"), with positive outcomes in terms of extraction efficiency, extract purity, conservation of extract profiles, and anticipated high throughput levels compared to current industry benchmarks.",
"\n\nWith the final phase of the research phase having been successfully completed and the results verified by an independent third party, Aurora has confirmed its interest in continuing its collaboration with Radient. ",
"Consequently, Radient and Aurora are currently negotiating the terms of a definitive agreement for the exclusive use by Aurora of Radient's proprietary MAP™ technology. ",
"The purpose of the agreement is to formalize the development and commercialization of standardized cannabis extracts for both the Canadian and export markets.",
"\n\nShares-for-debt\n\nAdditionally, Radient announces a proposed shares-for-debt transaction in which Radient would issue up to 9,424,330 common shares, at a price of $0.66 per share, to an arm's length third party creditor of the Company, AVAC Ltd. (\"AVAC\") in connection with the settlement an aggregate of $6,210,633 of debt (inclusive of interest). ",
"AVAC had previously advanced Radient $4,685,000 in exchange for a royalty on Radient's future revenue. ",
"The settlement will result in the termination of AVAC's entitlement to any future royalty payments by Radient to AVAC. ",
"Further details of the original agreements can be found in Radient's most recent financial statements filed on SEDAR.",
"\n\nAVAC Ltd. is a Canadian venture investor with over 20 years of direct investing in early stage agriculture and technology ventures. ",
"AVAC also manages an early-stage venture capital fund-of-funds investment pool and the Accelerate Fund I, an angel co-investment fund.",
"\n\n\"We are extremely pleased that AVAC has agreed to convert its position from being a creditor to a shareholder of the Company,\" said Denis Taschuk, CEO. \"",
"AVAC has been an important partner for Radient over the years, as we matured from pure technology development to a company with what we believe is a strong commercial value proposition. ",
"We believe that this conversion by AVAC from creditor to shareholder is a further validation of our progress, and a recognition of, and alignment with, long-term shareholder value creation. ",
"This transaction also strengthens our balance sheet as we gear up towards commercialization of our technology in the cannabis sector.\"",
"\n\nThe Proposed Transaction will be completed pursuant to a definitive agreement with AVAC, and is conditional on TSX Venture Exchange approval. ",
"All securities to be issued pursuant to this settlement will be subject to a 4-month hold period.",
"\n\nAbout Radient\n\nRadient extracts natural compounds from a range of biological materials using its proprietary \"MAP ™\" natural product extraction technology platform which provides superior customer outcomes in terms of ingredient purity, yield, and cost. ",
"From its initial 20,000 square foot manufacturing plant in Edmonton, Alberta, Radient serves market leaders in industries that include pharmaceutical, food, beverage, natural health, and personal care markets. ",
"Visit www.radientinc.com for more information.",
"\n\nInformation set forth in this news release contains forward-looking information and statements that are based on assumptions as of the date of this news release. ",
"These statements reflect management's current estimates, beliefs, intentions and expectations. ",
"They are not guarantees of future performance. ",
"The terms and phrases \"goal\", \"commitment\", \"guidance\", \"expects\", \"would\", \"will\", \"continuing\", \"drive\", \"believes\", \"indicate\", \"look forward\", \"grow\", \"outlook\", \"forecasts\", \"intend\", and similar terms and phrases are intended to identify these forward-looking statements, including but not limited to statements regarding the completion of shares for debt transaction. ",
"The Corporation cautions that all forward looking information and statements are inherently uncertain and that actual performance may be affected by a number of material factors, many of which are beyond the Corporation's control. ",
"Such factors include, among other things: risks and uncertainties relating to the Corporation's ability to complete the proposed shares for debt transaction. ",
"Accordingly, actual and future events, conditions and results may differ materially from the estimates, beliefs, intentions and expectations expressed or implied in the forward looking information. ",
"Except as required under applicable securities legislation, the Corporation undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking information.",
"\n\nNeither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release."
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"Q:\n\nHelp with asp.net mvc select dropdown\n\nI have a marital status field in my users table that its just varchar\nyet I only want to give the users four options (married, single, widowed and divorced) and i want to have the correct one selected when Im editing the form.. is it possible? ",
"please help.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThis should point you in the right direction:\n<%= Html.",
"DropDownList(\"listName\", new string[] { \"Married\", \"Single\", \"Widowed\", \"Divorced\" }\n.Select(m => new SelectListItem(){\n Selected = model.",
"MaritalStatus == m,\n Text = m,\n Value = m\n})); %>\n\nAssuming that your model has a 'MaritalStatus' field,\nSelected = model.",
"MaritalStatus == m\n\nwill select the status of your model by default.",
"\n\n"
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"Many animals engage in “play,” that is, activities that enhance learning of motor and sensory skills and social behaviors but otherwise serve no immediate purpose. ",
"Young screech-owls pounce at leaves; young crows and jays pick up, inspect, and hide all kinds of shiny objects; young gulls and terns carry small items aloft and drop them, catch them in midair, and drop and catch them again. ",
"All these activities probably help birds acquire the skills and coordination they’ll need for hunting and other essential activities as adults.",
"\n\nSome forms of play, called “locomotor play,” seem quite similar to the exhilarating play of children sledding down a steep hill. ",
"Some ducks have been observed floating through tidal rapids or fast-moving sections of rivers, and when they’ve reached the end, hurrying back to the beginning to ride over and over. ",
"Common Ravens have been observed taking turns sliding down a snowbank on their tails or rolling over and over down a hill. ",
"In the air, ravens and crows often rise on air currents only to swoop down toward earth, then glide back upwards, again and again.",
"\n\nInvestigate more fascinating bird behavior at our Building Bird ID Skills: Behavior page or in this free Inside Birding video."
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"“I awoke this morning with devout thanksgiving for my friends, the old and the new.” ",
"R. W. Emerson\n\nMonday, June 8, 2009\n\nToday I am posting on Susan's Metamorphosis Monday at Between Naps on the Porchas well as participating in Rhoda's Thrifty Treasures party.",
"We have been busy hitting garage sales and estate sales to stock up our spaces for the antique shows this summer. ",
"While out hunting we came across this little round table. ",
"It was blah brown and had a plastic wood grain top. ",
"But it was $5.00! ",
"I have been hunting for a bedside table for ages. ",
"Being thrifty I did not want to buy retail. ",
"So with a bit of sanding...I forgot to take a before picture until I had already started painting...boring became sweet. ",
"Some primer and paint can do wonders! ",
"How cute is this?A five dollar night stand and no more books to trip over in the morning. ",
"Now, to distress or leave as is, what do you think?Next, I found a cute enough rocker. ",
"Boring brown again.",
"Not any more. ",
"I love black but I think I am going to sand a bit and rub with a little stain and seal for a hand rubbed look.",
"Last but not least, I love the 70's. ",
"These snowy owls will be showing up on my etsy shop this week. ",
"I saw another blogger paint owls white lately but I don't remember who. ",
"If it is you let me know so I can give credit where it is due. ",
"Who? ",
"Hoo. ",
"OK enough already!Check out all the thrifty finds and fab changes from this week and say Hi to Rhoda and Susan for me.",
"\n\nHave a thrifty Monday, P.\n\nP.S. I am approaching 200 posts. ",
"Time for a give away, don't you agree? ",
"I think I will have to reward one or more of my followers for being sweet enough to sign up. ",
"Stay tuned.",
"\n\nIt's just amazing how a coat or two of paint can change something. ",
"Instead of looking like something that would have been in my grandmother's house, those owls look so now! ",
"Great job!!! ",
"Between you and Amy, I am now looking for a pair to paint.",
"Debbie\n\nI love that darling round table! ",
"It would look great left as is or distressed....that's a tough decision. ",
"All your projects really came out great! ",
"This makes me want to go paint something! :",
"-)Happy Met Monday! ",
"Susan\n\nI totally grew up with that table! ",
"It was the best place to play with my hand drawn paper dolls, barbies, etc as it was already divided into 4 rooms or houses. ",
"Thanks for bringing back some wonderful memories. ",
"Your paint job looks lovely. ",
"Enjoy!",
"\n\nHey Pammy~I hope you distressed that precious little table by now!!! ",
"You have some good finds there...you lucky girl!Can you believe I'm coming up on my 200th too? ",
"Probably in July BUT this month is my one year anniversary....we've come a LONG way baby!!!!!everything vintage\n\nfantastic makeovers, as for distressing the table, not sure what to tell you. ",
"I just painted a cabinet and was planning on distressing the piece but didnt have the courage for fear i would ruin all that painting i did...lolhugsjanet\n\nGoogle+ Followers\n\nFollow Frippery by Email\n\nAbout Me\n\nHello, I am Pam. ",
"Wife, mother, daughter, sister, artist, crafter, collector. ",
"Making an effort to cobble it all together into a life lived more frugally, less wastefully and with abundant happiness and love.",
"\nFrippery is the place I come to hash it all out with my kindred blogger spirits. ",
"Friends of the soul, mind and heart.",
"\nFrippery is also the name of my business, where pieces of the past are saved, re-loved, transformed and sent to live all fresh in a new home. ",
"Fluff, finery and nonsense may not be necessities but they enhance the journey. ",
"The journey being life.",
"\nThanks for joining me, Pam"
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"Preet Marwaha is the head chef at Eat Well, Live Happy. ",
"As a lifestyle coach, Preet has worked with business executives, Olympic athletes, and busy families to teach them about the extraordinary healing power of whole food.",
"\n\nPreet Marwaha | Founder of OrganicLives\n\nHi, I'm Preet!",
"\n\nAlthough I grew up seeing my grandmother preparing fresh, whole food with love, in my teens I began eating junk food and became happily oblivious to my unhealthy lifestyle. ",
"At 18,I became really sick and my health got progressively worse over the next two years.",
"\n\nAfter years of taking pharmaceuticals, I received a very grim diagnosis. ",
"At 20, I had to make a drastic change–my life depended on it. ",
"Inspired by John Robbins’ Diet for a New America, I set out to heal myself with food. ",
"One year later, my doctors were shocked by my recovery.",
"\n\nSince then, I’ve studied food from farm to table and I've witnessed the healing power of pure, whole foods firsthand. ",
"We can become healthy and create a better world by making informed choices guided by love and compassion. ",
"Join me for my first ever cooking immersion from April 13-15, 2017 and I’ll show you exactly how to eat well and live happy.",
"\n\nI was a workaholic and by all accounts burnt out–20 pounds overweight, totally exhausted, and rundown. ",
"Two years after working with Preet, I make my own juices, I dehydrate and I celebrate food. ",
"I run trail races. ",
"My chronic pain is a mere dull ache. ",
"My business is thriving. ",
"Preet changed my life. ",
"I’m going to live to be 107. ",
"No doubt.",
"”\n\n— Kim ~ Vancouver\n\nA wellness foodie’s dream . . . ",
"don’t miss this rare opportunity!",
"\n\nYou've seen the food documentaries, now it's time get off the couch and into the kitchen!",
"\n\nThroughout the weekend, you'll cook up culinary creations that would impress any chef or food critic! ",
"Learn trade secrets from master chef Preet Marwaha including recipes for some of his most sought-after dishes. ",
"Check out a few of our favourites by Preet!",
"\n\nFeatured\n\nEat Well, Live Happy is the jumpstart you need to reset your eating habits! ",
"This hands-on training is your opportunity to prepare incredible plant-based meals.",
"\n\nThe Living Atman Team\n\nTogether, Meenu & Pawan are the sister duo who power Living Atman's wellness and community-building events. ",
"They hold space to allow others to open up and have experiences that can be truly enlightening.",
"\n\n I’ve attended several Living Atman events now and I realized that you ladies don’t just put on an event, you’re creating experiences that touch on the human condition, invoke thought, enrich the soul, and encourage the heart. ",
"These events can have such a profound, awakening impact."
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"Rotary drag bits employing superabrasive cutting elements in the form of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters have been employed for several decades. ",
"PDC cutters are typically comprised of a disc-shaped diamond “table” formed on and bonded under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions to a supporting substrate such as cemented tungsten carbide (WC), although other configurations are known. ",
"Bits carrying PDC cutters, which for example, may be brazed into pockets in the bit face, pockets in blades extending from the face, or mounted to studs inserted into the bit body, have proven very effective in achieving high rates of penetration (ROP) in drilling subterranean formations exhibiting low to medium compressive strengths. ",
"Recent improvements in the design of hydraulic flow regimes about the face of bits, cutter design, and drilling fluid formulation have reduced prior, notable tendencies of such bits to “ball” by increasing the volume of formation material which may be cut before exceeding the ability of the bit and its associated drilling fluid flow to clear the formation cuttings from the bit face.",
"\nEven in view of such improvements, however, PDC cutters still suffer from what might simply be termed “overloading” even at low weight-on-bit (WOB) applied to the drill string to which the bit carrying such cutters is mounted, especially if aggressive cutting structures are employed. ",
"The relationship of torque to WOB may be employed as an indicator of aggressivity for cutters, so the higher the torque to WOB ratio, the more aggressive the bit. ",
"The problem of excessive bit aggressiveness is particularly significant in low compressive strength formations where an unduly great depth of cut (DOC) may be achieved at extremely low WOB. ",
"The problem may also be aggravated by drill string bounce, wherein the elasticity of the drill string may cause erratic application of WOB to the drill bit, with consequent overloading. ",
"Moreover, operating PDC cutters at an excessively high DOC may generate more formation cuttings than can be consistently cleared from the bit face and back up the bore hole via the junk slots on the face of the bit by even the aforementioned improved, state-of-the-art bit hydraulics, leading to the aforementioned bit balling phenomenon.",
"\nAnother, separate problem involves drilling from a zone or stratum of higher formation compressive strength to a “softer” zone of lower compressive strength. ",
"As the bit drills into the softer formation without changing the applied WOB (or before the WOB can be reduced by the driller), the penetration of the PDC cutters, and thus the resulting torque on the bit (TOB), increase almost instantaneously and by a substantial magnitude. ",
"The abruptly higher torque, in turn, may cause damage to the cutters and/or the bit body itself. ",
"In directional drilling, such a change causes the tool face orientation of the directional (measuring-while-drilling, or MWD, or a steering tool) assembly to fluctuate, making it more difficult for the directional driller to follow the planned directional path for the bit. ",
"Thus, it may be necessary for the directional driller to back off the bit from the bottom of the borehole to reset or reorient the tool face. ",
"In addition, a downhole motor, such as drilling fluid-driven Moineau-type motors commonly employed in directional drilling operations in combination with a steerable bottomhole assembly, may completely stall under a sudden torque increase. ",
"That is, the bit may stop rotating, thereby stopping the drilling operation and again necessitating backing off the bit from the borehole bottom to re-establish drilling fluid flow and motor output. ",
"Such interruptions in the drilling of a well can be time consuming and quite costly.",
"\nNumerous attempts using varying approaches have been made over the years to protect the integrity of diamond cutters and their mounting structures and to limit cutter penetration into a formation being drilled. ",
"For example, from a period even before the advent of commercial use of PDC cutters, U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,709,308 discloses the use of trailing, round natural diamonds on the bit body to limit the penetration of cubic diamonds employed to cut a formation. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,351,401 discloses the use of surface set natural diamonds at or near the gage of the bit as penetration limiters to control the depth-of-cut of PDC cutters on the bit face. ",
"The following other patents disclose the use of a variety of structures immediately trailing PDC cutters (with respect to the intended direction of bit rotation) to protect the cutters or their mounting structures: U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"4,889,017; 4,991,670; 5,244,039 and 5,303,785. ",
"U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,314,033 discloses inter alia, the use of cooperating positive and negative or neutral backrake cutters to limit penetration of the positive rake cutters into the formation. ",
"Another approach to limiting cutting element penetration is to employ structures or features on the bit body rotationally preceding (rather than trailing) PDC cutters, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"3,153,458; 4,554,986; 5,199,511 and 5,595,252.",
"\nIn another context, that of so-called “anti-whirl” drilling structures, it has been asserted in U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"5,402,856 that a bearing surface aligned with a resultant radial force generated by an anti-whirl underreamer should be sized so that force per area applied to the borehole sidewall will not exceed the compressive strength of the formation being underreamed. ",
"See also U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"4,982,802; 5,010,789; 5,042,596; 5,111,892 and 5,131,478.",
"\nWhile some of the foregoing patents recognize the desirability to limit cutter penetration, or DOC, or otherwise limit forces applied to a borehole surface, the disclosed approaches are somewhat generalized in nature and fail to accommodate or implement an engineered approach to achieving a target ROP in combination with more stable, predictable bit performance. ",
"Furthermore, the disclosed approaches do not provide a bit or method of drilling which is generally tolerant to being axially loaded with an amount of weight-on-bit over and in excess what would be optimum for the current rate-of-penetration for the particular formation being drilled and which would not generate high amounts of potentially bit-stopping or bit-damaging torque-on-bit should the bit nonetheless be subjected to such excessive amounts of weight-on-bit.",
"\nVarious successful solutions to the problem of excessive cutter penetration are presented in U.S. Pat. ",
"Nos. ",
"6,298,930; 6,460,631; 6,779,613 and 6,935,441, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. ",
"Specifically, U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"6,298,930 describes a rotary drag bit including exterior features to control the depth of cut by cutters mounted thereon, so as to control the volume of formation material cut per bit rotation as well as the torque experienced by the bit and an associated bottom-hole assembly. ",
"These features, also termed depth of cut control (DOCC) features, provide the bearing surface or sufficient surface area to withstand the axial or longitudinal WOB without exceeding the compressive strength of the formation being drilled and such that the depth of penetration of PDC cutters cutting into the formation is controlled. ",
"Because the DOCC features are subject to the applied WOB as well as to contact with the abrasive formation and abrasives-laden drilling fluids, the DOCC features may be layered onto the surface of a steel body bit as an appliqué or hard face weld having the material characteristics required for a high load and high abrasion/erosion environment, or include individual, discrete wear resistant elements or inserts set in bearing surfaces cast in the face of a matrix-type bit, as depicted in FIG. ",
"1 of U.S. Pat. ",
"No 6,298,930. ",
"The wear resistant inserts or elements may comprise tungsten carbide bricks or discs, diamond grit, diamond film, natural or synthetic diamond (PDC or TSP), or cubic boron nitride.",
"\nFIGS. ",
"10A and 10B of the '930 patent respectively, depict different DOCC feature and PDC cutter combinations. ",
"In each instance, a single PDC cutter is secured to a combined cutter carrier and DOC limiter, the carrier then being received within a cavity in the face (or on a blade) of a bit and secured therein. ",
"The DOC limiter includes a protrusion exhibiting a bearing surface.",
"\nWhile the DOCC features are extremely advantageous for limiting a depth of cut while managing a given WOB, the manufacture of the depth of cut control features upon the bit requires: 1) labor intensive manufacturing to necessarily obtain the precise or desired amount of layered hard facing required for a particular or designed target depth of cut (TDOC) or 2) complicated manufacturing processes to form the bit body in order to assemble and secure each combined cutter carrier having a single PDC cutter and associated DOC limiter placed into a cavity in the face or on a blade of the bit body. ",
"Moreover, the foregoing patents do not provide a bit wherein the TDOC and the designed bearing (which may also be termed “rubbing”) surface area, i.e., potential contact area with the “to be” drilled subterranean formation, are simultaneously provided for in a structure selectively attachable to a given bit frame, in order to provide variety and selectability of the TDOC and the designed rubbing surface area with a high degree of precision for the given bit frame.",
"\nMoreover, many steel body PDC bits are manufactured by cutting the whole blade profile and, in some instances, an entire bit body including the blades, from a material, such as a steel or other casting, with cutter pockets milled into the blades, which are assembled to obtain the bit body or frame, which is then selectively manually hardfaced to create an abrasion-resistant layer for a bearing or rubbing surface. ",
"The hardfacing invariably has a tolerance that is either below the amount required for reduced exposure or beyond the amount required for DOCC features. ",
"Also, the hardfacing does not provide a precise or controlled rubbing surface area. ",
"Further, the hardfacing is permanent as applied and requires grinding in order to remove or modify its thickness when applied beyond an acceptable tolerance.",
"\nWhile matrix body bits are formed by machining features into a mold and provide other features using so-called displacements which are inserted into the mold cavity, achieving precise exposure for cutters within the cone of such a bit body may be difficult due to the angular orientation of the required machining, as well as variances attributable to warpage and shrinkage of the bit body during cooling after infiltration with a molten metal alloy binder. ",
"Relatively larger bit bodies may exhibit more variance from the intended dimensions.",
"\nAccordingly, it is desirable to provide a bit that eliminates the manufacturing uncertainty or complexity required in obtaining a given TDOC. ",
"Also, it is desirable to provide a bit that allows for a selectable bearing or rubbing surface area without, or not requiring, alteration to the bit frame. ",
"Moreover, it is desirable to provide TDOC and/or rubbing surface area selectabilty for a given bit frame, providing for inventory reduction of bit frames and allowing for less complicated refabrication or repair of the drill bit to achieve a different TDOC and/or rubbing surface area. ",
"Further, it is desirable on steel body bits to achieve an extremely accurate TDOC and/or rubbing surface area while allowing manufacture of bits, i.e., their bit frames, with more accuracy than otherwise provided by hardfacing, in order to provide increased precision of cutter exposure and controlled rubbing area thereof. ",
"Furthermore, in providing for the selectability of the rubbing surface area and thickness, it is desirable to provide designed abrasion resistance to enhance the bit's life by limiting, i.e., controlling, wear caused by rubbing surface contact during drilling. ",
"Finally, it is desirable to provide the above desired improvements affording increased reparability, inventory flexibility (leading to inventory reduction), and design rationalization of steel body bits as well as matrix body bits."
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"Human papilloma virus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections account for significant morbidity among men who have sex with men (MSM). ",
"HPV is associated with oral, oropharyngeal, and anal cancers and a growing body of research suggests that racial disparities in HIV burden may be attributable, in part, to HSV infection. ",
"Building on our ongoing cohort study (The P18 cohort study; R01DA025537) of young MSM (YMSM), we will conduct an ancillary study to incorporate a comprehensive assessment of anal and oral HPV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 across time, all of which are highly prevalent infections among YMSM. ",
"Guided by syndemic theory, we will examine the sociodemographic, biological, behavioral, psychosocial/ structural determinants of these viral infections. ",
"Our work i informed by knowledge generated from the P18 cohort study thus far, which indicates inadequate sexual health care among cohort participants, ongoing incident HIV infections (7.2% to date), and a high level of infection with bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. ",
"Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that YMSM have a very low likelihood of initiating HPV vaccination. ",
"Understanding the epidemiology of HPV and HSV infection as well as it associated correlates and predictors will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the multiple health burdens which compromise the overall health of YMSM. ",
"Further, understanding HPV and HSV infection among YMSM may shed light on the stark racial/ethnic disparities in HIV among YMSM. ",
"The proposed ancillary study is guided by the following aims: (1a) to detect cases of oral and anal HPV infection through site-specific PCR testing and clinically significant HPV subtypes (6, 11, 16, 18) through serotyping and to estimate HPV persistence and clearance rates; (1b) to identify uptake and completion of HPV vaccination; (2a) to determine the prevalence and incidence of HSV-1 and HSV-2; (2b) to prospectively estimate HIV risk among YMSM with and without HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 and to assess whether HSV infection explains racial/ethnic disparities in HIV risk; and (3) to determine the extent to which biological, behavioral and psychosocial/structural factors explain the likelihood of (a) oral/anal HPV infection, broadly and infection of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18, specifically; (b) HPV vaccination uptake, (c) HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, and (d) co-infections of HIV, HSV, and/or HPV. ",
"We will begin testing for HPV and HSV at our month 54 assessment and continue to test on a semi-annual basis for the duration of the study. ",
"Main analyses fall into two basic types: (1) cross-sectional analysis of correlates of HPV (overall and by subtype) and HSV-1 and HSV-2; and (2) prospective analysis of predictors of these viral STI outcomes. ",
"This study will provide much needed data on epidemiological trends of viral STIs among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of YMSM as well as provide further insights on the potential salience of HPV, HSV-1, and HSV-2 on HIV transmission and acquisition."
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[
"When summer is over, keep up healthy living\n\nIts time to make all those miles count...\n\nFAMILIES are being encouraged to take up a healthy lifestyle challenge to mark the new school year.",
"\n\nHampshire County Council is urging people to sign up to the Smart Restart campaign, which would see families taking up a six-week commitment to keeping active.",
"\n\nThere are five challenges to choose from: swapping car journeys for walking or cycling; doing six ten-minute activities a day; swapping time in front of computer screens for something active; swapping unhealthy treats for healthy alternatives; and trying out new ideas for tasty school lunches.",
"\n\nCouncillor Liz Fairhurst is the county councillor in charge of health.",
"\n\nShe said: ‘By the end of summer, we can all tend to slack off a bit and it’s easy to let good intentions slide.",
"\n\n‘But the new school year is the perfect time for a new beginning and for the whole family to get fit and healthy together.",
"\n\n‘This is a great opportunity for families to sign up for the campaign and pick one healthy change for them to adopt when they go back to school.’",
"\n\nFor more information about the six-week programme, visit nhs.uk/change4life."
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[
"Trimethoxyamphetamine\n\nTMAs, also known as trimethoxyamphetamines, are a family of isomeric psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs. ",
"There exist six different TMAs that differ only in the position of the three methoxy groups: TMA, TMA-2, TMA-3, TMA-4, TMA-5, and TMA-6. ",
"The TMAs are analogs of the phenethylamine cactus alkaloid mescaline. ",
"The TMAs are substituted amphetamines, however, their action does not resemble that of the unsubstituted compound amphetamine, which is a stimulant and not a psychedelic. ",
"It is reported that some TMA's elicit a range of emotions ranging from sadness to empathy and euphoria. ",
"TMA was first synthesized by Hey, in 1947. ",
"Synthesis data as well as human activity data has been published in the book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved).",
"\n\nThe most important TMA compound from a pharmacological standpoint is TMA-2, as this isomer has been much more widely used as a recreational drug and sold on the grey market as a so-called \"research chemical\"; TMA (sometimes referred to as \"mescalamphetamine\" or TMA-1) and TMA-6 have also been used in this way to a lesser extent. ",
"These three isomers are significantly more active as hallucinogenic drugs, and have consequently been placed onto the illegal drug schedules in some countries such as the Netherlands and Japan. ",
"The other three isomers TMA-3, TMA-4 and TMA-5 are not known to have been used as recreational drugs to any great extent, and remain obscure scientific curiosities.",
"\n\nTMAs \n\nNote: As they are isomers the TMAs have the same totals formula, C12H19NO3, and the same molecular mass, 225.28 g/mol.",
"\n\nProperties\n\nLegality\n\nSweden\nSveriges riksdag added TMA-2 to schedule I (\"substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use\") as narcotics in Sweden as of Dec 30, 1999, published by Medical Products Agency in their regulation LVFS 2004:3 listed as 2,4,5-trimetoxiamfetamin (TMA-2).",
"\n\nSee also \n Mescaline\n Hallucinogenic drug\n Amphetamine\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n PiHKAL entries:\n TMA\n TMA in PiHKAL • info\n TMA-2\n TMA-2 in PiHKAL • info\n TMA-3\n TMA-3 in PiHKAL • info\n TMA-4\n TMA-4 in PiHKAL • info\n TMA-5\n TMA-5 in PiHKAL • info\n TMA-6\n TMA-6 in PiHKAL • info\n Erowid TMA vault\n EMCDDA Report on the risk assessment of TMA-2 in the framework of the joint action on new synthetic drugs\n\nCategory:Substituted amphetamines\nCategory:Designer drugs\nCategory:Phenol ethers"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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[
"Lillian Harris Dean\n\nLillian Harris Dean (1870 – 1929) was an African-American cook and entrepreneur who became a minor national celebrity in the 1920s for bringing the cuisine of Harlem, New York City, to national attention.",
"\n\nEarly life and career\nDean was born in the Mississippi Delta in 1870. ",
" She migrated to New York and became a highly successful entrepreneur who catered to the culinary tastes of other displaced African-American Southerners living in Harlem. ",
" She took the name Pig Foot Mary because she turned marketing traditional foods such as pigs' feet, hog maws, chitterlings (chitlins), and other foods into a thriving business. ",
" Though she did not attain the fame or millionaire status of Madam C. J. Walker, Dean was an early example of African-American entrepreneurial success in the post-Civil War era.",
"\n\nDean began by selling food in 1901 on 60th Street sidewalk out of a makeshift cart — actually, a re-purposed baby carriage — at the corner of West 135th Street (what is now Malcolm X Boulevard). ",
"Her wares included chitterlings, hogmaws, and pig's feet as well as corn. ",
"In time, she was able to afford a steam table booth, which she attached to the corner newsstand — and she married the newsstand owner, John Dean. ",
"Her biography is summed up in these two paragraphs by prominent African-American journalist Roi Ottley, writing in 1943:\n\nShe is described by James Weldon Johnson in his 1925 magazine article \"The Making of Harlem\":\n\nJohnson provided a slightly different version in 1930's \"Black Manhattan\":\n\nLater life\nAs Johnson notes, Dean invested her food stand profits in real estate and attained a considerable fortune, \"several hundred thousand dollars\" according to landmark information from the City of New York's Department of Planning. ",
" Ottley provides further detail, stating that John Dean encouraged his wife to invest:\n\nOttley was enumerating these sums in 1917 dollars (the building purchase), 1923 dollars (the sale), and 1943 dollars (her eventual fortune). ",
" Adjusted for inflation, these sums record a remarkable history of accomplishment for a woman who arrived in New York City at the turn of the 20th century, alone, illiterate and completely impoverished.",
"\n\nLillian Harris Dean retired to California and died in 1929.",
"\n\nSee also\n\n Harlem\n Soul food\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Dolkart, Andrew S., and Gretchen Sullivan Sorin (1997). ",
"Touring Historic Harlem: Four Walks in Northern Manhattan. ",
"New York: New York Landmarks Conservancy (City and Company). .",
"\n Wintz, Cary D., and Paul Finkelman, eds (2004), Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance (two vols). .",
"\n Harris, Trudier (1997). ",
" \"The Yellow Rose of Texas: A Different Cultural View.\" ",
"Callaloo 20.1 pp.",
" 8–19, at p. 12.",
"\n\nCategory:1870 births\nCategory:1929 deaths\nCategory:American food industry businesspeople\nCategory:People from Mississippi\nCategory:People from Harlem\nCategory:American women in business"
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