Datasets:

tomekkorbak

/

detoxify-pile-chunk3-5000000-5050000

like 0

[ "Daily Archives: July 1, 2017\n\nSo you may have heard of Bitcoin. ", "It’s been in the news quite a bit recently. ", "We’ve decided to add it to our offerings so beginning June 1, 2017 Houston Gold Merchants will buy and sell gold and silver for Bitcoin or Ethereum. ", "If you’re not familiar, it’s the virtual currency that is controlled by…" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0031947633251547813, 0.0006336361402645707, 0.0007162733236327767, 0.0011468261945992708 ]

[ "{\n \"flavors\": [\n {\n \"id\": 1,\n \"links\": [\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0/537645/flavors/1\",\n \"rel\": \"self\"\n },\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/flavors/1\",\n \"rel\": \"bookmark\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"m1.tiny\",\n \"ram\": 512\n },\n {\n \"id\": 2,\n \"links\": [\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0/537645/flavors/2\",\n \"rel\": \"self\"\n },\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/flavors/2\",\n \"rel\": \"bookmark\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"m1.small\",\n \"ram\": 1024\n },\n {\n \"id\": 3,\n \"links\": [\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0/537645/flavors/3\",\n \"rel\": \"self\"\n },\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/flavors/3\",\n \"rel\": \"bookmark\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"m1.medium\",\n \"ram\": 2048\n },\n {\n \"id\": 4,\n \"links\": [\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0/537645/flavors/4\",\n \"rel\": \"self\"\n },\n {\n \"href\": \"https://ord.databases.api.rackspacecloud.com/flavors/4\",\n \"rel\": \"bookmark\"\n }\n ],\n \"name\": \"m1.large\",\n \"ram\": 4096\n }\n ]\n}" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0008231421234086156 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow can I uniquely identify which device is on USB `hub 6-0:1.0: port 2`?", "\n\nHow can I uniquely identify which device is on USB hub 6-0:1.0: port 2?", "\nI receive messages in my dmesg every now and then and I want the system to tell me which device is connected to that port.", "\nEDIT: OK, I can figure out which hub it is, but how can I figure out which device is on port 2 (out of four). ", "\nudevadm info -q all -p /sys/bus/usb/devices/6-0:1.0\nP: /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb6/6-0:1.0\nE: DEVPATH=/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb6/6-0:1.0\nE: DEVTYPE=usb_interface\nE: DRIVER=hub\nE: INTERFACE=9/0/0\nE: MODALIAS=usb:v1D6Bp0001d0302dc09dsc00dp00ic09isc00ip00\nE: PRODUCT=1d6b/1/302\nE: SUBSYSTEM=usb\nE: TYPE=9/0/0\nE: UDEV_LOG=3\n\nA:\n\nI don't know of any utility that can give you this information directly, but you can get it by using a few different utilities.", "\nShortest route: \nudevadm info -q all -p /sys/bus/usb/devices/6-0:1.0\n\nThis will give you output of which one of the lines will look like the following (obviously this output won't match your system):\nE: DEVICE=/proc/bus/usb/006/053\n\nThen run lsusb and look for the device at Bus 006 Device 053 (from the 006/053 in the above line), this will be your device.", "\n.", "\nFor more info, you can poke around in that /sys/bus/usb/devices/6-0:1.0 if you want. ", "You can also change the udevadm command to udevadm info -a -p ... instead which will walk up the udev tree.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006958976737223566, 0.0006908366922289133, 0.0026526255533099174, 0.0005873929476365447, 0.0012663576053455472, 0.0006514088599942625, 0.0021373883355408907, 0.0005896087968721986, 0.0008879919187165797, 0.001994825666770339 ]

[ "\n\nAsk HN: podcast recommendations about startups, tech, science, etc. - ", "api\n\nI love podcasts but good ones are hard to find. ", "Given that this is a pretty brainy community I'm curious about what podcasts you folks listen to. ", "Topocs of interest include startups, tech, science, space, etc.", "\n======\npalcu\nThe thread from 2 years ago is still relevant\n[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1565140](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1565140).", "\nI find that the podcast landscape has not changed since then.", "\n\nI also like the a16z podcast.", "\n[https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/a16z/id842818711?mt=2](https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/a16z/id842818711?mt=2)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "HackerNews" }

[ 0.0005588047788478434, 0.0006266539567150176, 0.0006513895932585001, 0.0005758724873885512, 0.0006296152132563293, 0.0005877841031178832, 0.000685369479469955, 0.0006531693506985903 ]

[ "[Aneurysms and dissections of the thoracal and abdominal aorta].", "\nOne to four per cent of all deaths in patients over 65 are caused by aneurysmatic diseases of the abdominal or thoracic aorta. ", "For elective surgery in abdominal aneurysms, open surgery and endovascular treatment both demonstrate brilliant overall results. ", "In the thoracic aorta, new endovascular procedures have led to considerable reductions of postoperative morbidity and mortality. ", "Nevertheless, in view of the endovascular procedure's high cost and the still unclear long-term behaviour of the stent device, a second opinion from a specialised centre is an absolute necessity." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.000738236412871629, 0.0048910207115113735, 0.0008523993310518563, 0.00723290117457509, 0.000619622238446027 ]

[ "Hyperkalemia is estimated to occur in 21% of hospitalized patients. ", "However, the mechanism for eliminating high quantities of K during low Na intake is not known. ", "Conventionally, it was thought to occur by direct exchange of K for Na in principal cells of the distal nephron, but when plasma [K] is high with little Na intake, K secretion must be uncoupled from Na reabsorption. ", "Without an understanding of the K channels that mediate this process, better therapies for victims with acutely elevated plasma [K] cannot be developed. ", "Our long-term goal is to understand the role of specific renal ion channels to eliminate K. Our focus is the large, Ca-activated K channels (BK) in the distal nephron that contain the accessory BK-b4 (BK-a/b4) in base-secreting (IC-b) and acid-secreting (IC-a) intercalated cells. ", "The objective here, which is a critical step toward our long-goal, is to examine the role of BK-a/b4 in secreting K under high K conditions. ", "We reported that when BK-b4 knock-out mice (b4-KO) are placed on a high K diet for 7-10 days (K adapted;KA), they exhibit increased plasma [K] and a 40% reduction in the capacity to eliminate K compare to wild type. ", "Furthermore, high flow associated with a high K diet activates BK-a/b4, causing a release of K and cell size reduction. ", "Thus, BK-a/b4 play a major role in how the kidney handles a high K diet;however, the mechanism by which BK-a/b4 function in this capacity is not well understood. ", "The central hypothesis is that the elevated aldosterone of KA mice enhances K secretion by a Na-independent mechanism that utilizes K secretion by BK-a/b4 in the IC-b and K recycling by BK-a/b4 in the IC-a of the outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD). ", "This hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: 1. ", "Determine whether aldosterone or high plasma K enhances BK-a/b4-mediated K secretion in KA mice. ", "2. ", "Determine the role of BK-a/b4 in Na-independent K secretion. ", "3. ", "Determine the roles of BK-a/b4 and KCC4 in the OMCD K recycling and flow enhancement. ", "For these studies, we will employ methods including renal clearance measurements, patch clamping and immunohistochemical analysis of WT and b4-KO mice. ", "The approach is innovative because we test a new model of Na-independent K secretion while isolating each potential mechanism. ", "The proposed research is significant because it is expected to answer some long- standing questions regarding the mechanism for eliminating high quantities of K during very small amounts of Na intake. ", "Such understanding may help prevent the large number of deaths occurring each year from treating heart failure subjects with aldosterone receptor blockers that lead to hyperkalemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias. ", "PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Many elderly and heart failure patients suffer fatal heart attacks because of medications that increase the potassium in the blood. ", "These proposed studies are designed to determine how a recently discovered protein in kidney cells, called a BK-a/b4 channel, eliminates the potassium when blood potassium is elevated. ", "The proposed research is relevant to the mission of the NIH to develop fundamental knowledge that will help to design strategies to intervene in high blood potassium-induced abnormalities in heart function." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.0006079336744733155, 0.0006689324509352446, 0.000701068842317909, 0.0006189561099745333, 0.0006412990624085069, 0.0006529241800308228, 0.001043285708874464, 0.0010069501586258411, 0.0009636221802793443, 0.0007987821009010077, 0.0006088129593990743, 0.0010156617499887943, 0.0011860732920467854, 0.000711249012965709, 0.0011743707582354546, 0.0006040400476194918, 0.0005408664583228528, 0.0006272744503803551, 0.0005528871552087367, 0.0012076981365680695, 0.0009178900509141386, 0.0006098946905694902, 0.0005214615375734866 ]

[ "Soccer News of Saturday, 10 October 2015\n\nSource: Ghana Soccernet\n\nKwadwo Poku handed late Ghana call-up by Avram\n\nNew York City FC star Kwadwo Poku has been handed a late call-up by Ghana coach Avram Grant for Tuesday’s international friendly with Canada Washington, GHANAsoccernet.com can confirm.", "\n\n\n\nThe 23-year-old earns the call-up following his string of impressive performances for New York City FC in the American Major League Soccer.", "\n\n\n\nThe move comes a sucker punch for the USA as manager Jurgen Klinsmann was targeting the midfielder in his squad for the upcoming 2017 FIFA World Cup qualifiers.", "\n\n\n\nGhana coach Avram Grant was forced to make late alteration to his squad following the withdrawal of quartet Asamoah Gyan, Andre Ayew, Christian Atsu and Mohammed Rabiu all due to injuries.", "\n\n\n\nWith the fitness of Lorient striker Abdul Majeed Waris also in doubt, the Israeli gaffer has included the Kumasi-born attacking midfielder who has maintained an impressive run of form in the American top-flight after his splendid assist rate and off-the-bench late shows.", "\n\n\n\nPoku had declared his intentions to put Ghana first despite clear interest from the United States and Canada and would be on the squad for the double-header friendlies against Canada and Peru.", "\n\n\n\nGrant will use the game to assess the level of quality of Poku to see if he could fit into his long-term future plans while Poku would also be hoping to nail a place for himself in the squad.", "\n\n\n\nHe will become the third MLS player in the Ghana squad for the friendly after David Accam and Columbus Crew’s Harrison Afful.", "\n\n\n\nPortland Timbers goalkeeper Adam Kwarasey pulled out of the Ghana squad after Timbers officially wrote to the Ghana FA to excuse him for the friendly.", "\n\nSend your news stories to and features to . ", "Chat to us via WhatsApp on +233 55 2699 625.", "\n\nJoin our Newsletter" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006309006130322814, 0.0013092008884996176, 0.010314689949154854, 0.0011259574675932527, 0.0008970675407908857, 0.000738243164960295, 0.0006569335237145424, 0.0011225213529542089, 0.0007457361207343638, 0.0007680865237489343, 0.0010185164865106344, 0.0007179261301644146 ]

[ "VF2 and fork travel issues..\n\nHey there,\n\nFirstly I'd like to say I've completely fallen in love with the VF2. ", "Saw one at the lbs and the finish, detail, engineering is freaking awesome.", "\n\nI know the VF2 is designed for forks between 120 - 150mm, however I've got a RS reba lying around in my garage that I'd like to use with this frame. ", "I think (i hope) I am able to tweak travel on the reba and bump it up to 115.", "\n\nNow my question is, will this 5mm deficit in suggested fork travel signifantly and adversely affect performance of this baby? ", "Also, what would the resultant head angle be if I used such a fork ? ", "And how would that also affect the rear shock ? ", "What kind of handling can I expect if i went ahead and built it up as such ?", "\n\nYeah before anyone thinks i'm a nut for obsessing over a miniscule 5mm discrepency in fork travel, let me clarify matters yeah. ", "I know 5mm is probably a very small number, but instead of assuming, I just wanted to get some clarification ? ", "I'm no engineer, and I hated math and physics, so i figured I'd let someone else better qualified than me make the decision.", "\n\nAlso, my other queries about ride handling, and shock performance and blah blah blah, are based on the assumption that a 115mm fork is more or less equivalent to a 120mm fork. ", "Since most of the reviews, and even the frame geometry posted on chumba's website was based on a 140mm fork, I wanted to know what fitting a 120mm fork would do to the VF2 and what can i expect from it ?", "\n\nWith a shorter fork I think you could expect a steeper head angle and shorter wheelbase. ", "That would translate into a very agile handler but at the tradeoff of some loss of stability at speed, twitchiness, and a more weight forward bias to the ride. ", "In essence, I think it'd be more XC Race and less trail bike.", "\n\nThis is my estimation and subject to validation by the Chumba guys or other internet know-it-alls.", "\n\n..\n\nOriginally Posted by darrencw\n\nhey thanks for the replies guys! ", "Appreciate it.", "\n\nYeah before anyone thinks i'm a nut for obsessing over a miniscule 5mm discrepency in fork travel, let me clarify matters yeah. ", "I know 5mm is probably a very small number, but instead of assuming, I just wanted to get some clarification ? ", "I'm no engineer, and I hated math and physics, so i figured I'd let someone else better qualified than me make the decision.", "\n\nAlso, my other queries about ride handling, and shock performance and blah blah blah, are based on the assumption that a 115mm fork is more or less equivalent to a 120mm fork. ", "Since most of the reviews, and even the frame geometry posted on chumba's website was based on a 140mm fork, I wanted to know what fitting a 120mm fork would do to the VF2 and what can i expect from it ?", "\n\nBasically what Scruffy said - you would experience a steepened head angle, slightly lower BB, and shorter wheelbase - more XC oriented - if that's what your going after. ", "The VF2 is pretty versatile - and works well even with a Fox 36 - so it's really personal preference - and you can always try out different forks if you are not satisfied with your initial choice.", "\n\nSweet.. yeah my intention is actually to build up a lightish marathon race bike, yet with the versatility of taking a bigger hitting fork for extended trail days since i've got a pike on my hardtail that I could swap over when the need arises.", "\n\nAnyone knows or can calculate the wheebase, seat tube angle and head angle should i fit on a 120mm fork ?", "\n\n..\n\nOriginally Posted by darrencw\n\nSweet.. yeah my intention is actually to build up a lightish marathon race bike, yet with the versatility of taking a bigger hitting fork for extended trail days since i've got a pike on my hardtail that I could swap over when the need arises.", "\n\nAnyone knows or can calculate the wheebase, seat tube angle and head angle should i fit on a 120mm fork ?", "\n\nYou can build it with a Fox Talas 32 - with the right components it can be as light as 25lbs." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005820611258968711, 0.12985120713710785, 0.0006906457711011171, 0.00055385084124282, 0.0008073586504906416, 0.0007275679963640869, 0.0009167049429379404, 0.0006264275871217251, 0.0189006719738245, 0.0005606092163361609, 0.001181883504614234, 0.0009293867042288184, 0.0005871513858437538, 0.000637106248177588, 0.0006590993725694716, 0.0006946141947992146, 0.004115954972803593, 0.0006560063920915127, 0.0006052064709365368, 0.0189006719738245, 0.0005606092163361609, 0.001181883504614234, 0.0009293867042288184, 0.0005871513858437538, 0.0007908300030976534, 0.0005913782515563071, 0.0006907971692271531, 0.0009097222937270999, 0.0006928096991032362, 0.0009097222937270999, 0.0007514552562497556 ]

[ "Q:\n\nPython for .NET compilation for .NET3.5 and Python3.x\n\nRecently I've been working on a project which needs to use a .NET 3.5 Dll library, and the team is using Python3.x environment. ", "\nSo I went to the Python for .NET's github repo and downloaded the source code and tried compiling myself using Visual Studio 2013.", "\nIn the source, there is a MVSC solution file named pythonnet, and I just opened the project and tried compiling Python.", "Runtime.", "\nBy default, the Conditional compilation symbols is PYTHON27, UCS4. ", "So I changed it to PYTHON35, UCS2 to match my requirement. ", "And I was able to compile it successfully. ", "\n\nBut since it needs to work with .NET Framework 3.5, then I changed Target Framework from .NET Framework 4.0 to .NET Framework 3.5. ", "But this time I got a lot of errors when compiling and the compilation failed.", "\nCould anyone please help me with the compilation so that I can compile the Python for .NET which works for both .NET 3.5 and Python3.x?", "\n\nA:\n\nLatest pythonnet is using HashSet from CLR 4.0 and also dynamic from DLR which cannot be easily backported to older .NET versions.", "\nWhat you can do is redirect your other DLLs from .NET 3.5 to CLR 4.0 using app.config:\n<?", "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?", ">\n<configuration>\n <startup useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy=\"true\">\n <supportedRuntime version=\"v4.0\"/>\n </startup>\n</configuration>\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.000642759317997843, 0.0006630398565903306, 0.0005781644722446799, 0.0007688796613365412, 0.0006022717570886016, 0.0006094843847677112, 0.0005547146429307759, 0.0006078658625483513, 0.0007514914614148438, 0.0006947800284251571, 0.0006903466419316828, 0.0012439739657565951, 0.0006191950524225831, 0.000747640267945826 ]

[ "Aquest 2020 és un any de canvis arreu del món, i nosaltres us volem ajudar a entendre'ls. ", "En temps de crisi, el periodisme compromès és més important que mai i el vostre suport és l'únic que pot assegurar la continuïtat de VilaWeb.", "Si ho vols i ho pots fer, col·labora amb VilaWeb\n\nDimecres es va presentar a l’Espai VilaWeb la Paremiologia Catalana Comparada Digital (PCCD), un cercador de refranys i frases fetes en línia. ", "Aquesta eina conté una part del banc de dades que durant vint-i-cinc anys ha acumulat el filòleg Víctor Pàmies i Riudor (Barcelona, 1963), a còpia de buidar centenars de reculls de refranys. ‘", "Tinc un miler de llibres a casa i, a més, rebo molt sovint correus de gent que em diuen refranys que no tenia aplegats’, explica. ", "De manera que la feina no s’ha pas acabat. ", "Podeu veure ací un vídeo de la presentació:\n\nA la PCCD hi ha 150.000 registres, corresponents a 10.000 refranys i frases fetes diferents. ", "Però el nombre de registres del seu banc de dades puja a 650.000 i abans de jubilar-se vol arribar a un milió. ", "Un home que ha remenat tants milers de refranys els sap definir amb precisió: ‘Aquestes peces poètiques, curtes, amb rima, amb ritme i enginy, que són fàcils de memoritzar i que condensen una saviesa ancestral.’ ", "La passió —i el rigor— pels refranys catalans es diu Víctor Pàmies.", "\n\n—Sempre s’ha dit que els refranys reflecteixen una manera de viure. ", "Hi esteu d’acord?", "\n\n—Penso que sí. ", "Per això al nostre país tenim moltes dites del món del vi. ", "I no en tenim d’alta muntanya, perquè les muntanyes més altes que hi ha per aquests verals són de tres mil metres.", "\n\n—Veient que hi ha milers de refranys i que no sembla que la gent en sàpiga pas gaires, què podríem fer per aprendre’n?", "\n\n—Una manera bonica és mitjançant el joc. ", "Jugar amb els refranys serveix per a acostar-los tant als més petits com als nouvinguts. ", "Hi ha un joc en línia molt divertit i interessant, L’arbre refranyer, que et serveix per a jugar tot sol o bé de fer partides amb els altres jugadors. ", "De seguida que va sortir en vaig descarregar l’aplicació. ", "El recomano a tothom. ", "Aquesta aplicació va lligada amb un llibre-joc.", "\n\n—I de tota manera, què es pot fer res perquè no es perdin, els refranys?", "\n\n—Crec que es fa prou. ", "A l’escola s’hi treballa, els homes del temps contribueixen a difondre’n, a la ràdio també se’n parla (hi havia l’espai ‘Entre paraules, d’en Ramon Solsona a Catalunya Ràdio, per exemple), hi ha sectors (com ara el del vi) que s’interessen per elaborar-ne reculls, se n’editen molts llibres, etc. ", "Ara, no es pot pretendre que la gent parli amb refranys, avui dia. ", "A més, alguns són totalment inadequats per a la societat del segle XXI.", "\n\n—Ens en podeu dir cap exemple?", "\n\n—Bona part del refranyer de la dona. ", "És terrible. ", "Reflecteix els papers que tenia en la societat rural, bàsicament com a mare i amb unes tasques molt importants, encara que no sempre reconegudes en el manteniment de la casa i les famílies. ", "Anna M. Fernández Poncela ho ha estudiat amb molt detall i en l’obra Sexe i refranyer hi podem trobar, per exemple: Alzina i dona, de cent una de bona; La dona és l’esca del pecat; No hi ha animal més traïdor que una dona i una mula; Al carrer senyora, a la finestra dama i al llit bagassa…\n\n—Déu n’hi do…\n\n—I sobre la moral també hi ha dites allunyades dels valors actuals, perquè recomanen de ser conservador, no gaire emprenedor (Més val boig conegut que savi per conèixer), o aquelles que recelen de qualsevol cosa bona (No hi ha roses sense espines), o alguns que ens predestinen d’alguna manera (Qui és fill del gat se li retira de la cua o del cap o No hi ha pitjor clavilla que la de la mateixa fusta…).", "\n\n—I aquell dels advocats?", "\n\n—Advocats i procuradors, a l’infern de dos en dos. ", "És que abans hi havia oficis malvistos, perquè deien que els qui s’hi dedicaven robaven i enganyaven. ", "Diu el refranyer: Set sastres, set moliners, set sabaters i set estudiants, vint-i-un lladres i set bergants o De moliner mudaràs, però de lladre no t’escaparàs…\n\n—Podríem trobar refranys compartits per tots els Països Catalans?", "\n\n—Sí, però molt sovint són refranys que ens arriben de la tradició clàssica (àrab, bíblica i grecollatina, bàsicament). ", "N’hi ha que són més o menys coneguts, però més propis de zones concretes. ", "Per exemple, al País Valencià diuen Tota pedra fa paret, per dir que tot ajuda. ", "O bé Diu el mort al degollat: ‘Qui t’ha fet eixe forat?’, ", "allà on al Principat ens referiríem abans al símil de la palla o la biga a l’ull, depenent de si és nostre o dels altres; i a les Illes dirien: S’ase va dir a n’es porc orellut.", "\n\n—Per tant, en trobaríem, posem per cas, que es diuen al País Valencià i són desconeguts al Principat?", "\n\n—I tant. ", "Per exemple, un dia, parlant amb un amic valencià, vaig dir El més calent és a l’aigüera i no em va entendre. ", "Al País Valencià fan servir usualment El gat és ajagut en el foguer, és a dir, si els focs encara són freds vol dir que no hi ha res de menjar preparat.", "\n\n—Els refranys catalans tenen característiques pròpies?", "\n\n—Més que a refranys o proverbis, ens hem de referir al llenguatge figurat. ", "Això també inclou embarbussaments, palíndroms, corrandes, cançons, jocs de paraules, endevinalles i un llarg etcètera que ho enriqueix i ho diversifica. ", "S’hi barreja enginy, humor, poesia i recursos lingüístics com ara la repetició, la cacofonia, l’exabrupte, la sortida de to… Tot això i més conté la llengua figurada catalana.", "\n\n—Els refranys són propis de les cultures del nostre entorn o en tenen totes?", "\n\n—Totes, diria. ", "Tots hem sentit parlar dels proverbis xinesos o africans, per exemple. ", "Bona part de la tradició llatina i grega clàssica prové del món àrab, molt avançat en medicina i matemàtiques, entre altres àmbits. ", "Gyula Paczolay, el 2002, va publicar European proverbs in 55 languages, un recull d’un centenar llarg de proverbis existents en una cinquantena de llengües europees. ", "I alguns també es troben en àrab, persa, xinès, japonès… És una saviesa transversal, de tota la humanitat.", "\n\n—Vint-i-cinc anys és quasi la meitat de la vostra vida. ", "La gent que us envolta com l’ha viscuda i com la viu, aquesta passió vostra pels refranys?", "\n\n—Una de les persones que la vivia més de prop era la meva mare. ", "Durant molt temps, al matí, me n’anava a treballar i ella es quedava a casa. ", "Solia escoltar ‘El matí de Catalunya Ràdio’, presentat llavors per Antoni Bassas. ", "Doncs parava l’orella i sempre que sentia algun refrany, l’apuntava en un paper i jo me’l trobava quan arribava. ", "Aquell refrany, escrit en un tros de calendari o al revers de la llista d’anar a comprar, per mi tenia molt de valor.", "\n\n—Ja m’ho penso…\n\n—Però és que l’endemà, quan arribava a la feina, trobava tot de paperets grocs enganxats a la pantalla de l’ordinador, cada paperet amb un refrany. ", "Encara ara, molts coneguts me n’envien per correu, em telefonen, m’escriuen a Twitter, a Facebook, als blocs.", "\n\n—Heu dit ‘blocs’. ", "Que en teniu més d’un?", "\n\n—Una vintena.", "\n\n—I com és que en teniu tants?", "\n\n—Per a no tenir tot el material junt, el reparteixo en subadreces diverses: un bloc dedicat a un refranyer temàtic, un altre a un vocabulari de refranys català-castellà, un de tallers i conferències (amb vídeos i documents de presentacions), una paremiologia didàctica amb breus lliçons, un bloc de VilaWeb amb material gràfic, una enciclopèdia terminològica amb correspondències català-castellà-anglès-francès, el llibre de l’ull i del cap en versió digital…\n\n—Això dels refranys sabem que ve de molt antic. ", "Però avui se’n creen, encara?", "\n\n—No. ", "El repertori de refranys és tancat, perquè la llengua ja no n’ha de fer ús. ", "En canvi, sí que neixen frases fetes i locucions, perquè canvien els referents. ", "Hem passat de fer Pasqua abans de Rams a casar-se de penal (prenent un referent futbolístic); de plegar veles a llançar la tovallola. ", "Abans d’algú que corria molt se’n deia ser un nuvolari i després ser un fitipaldi (referint-se a dos automobilistes d’origen italià). ", "I ara, com que aquests referents s’han perdut, tornes a sentir Córrer com una daina. ", "De tota manera, una de les meves aspiracions és veure com autors moderns van més enllà del diccionari i van creant fraseologia nova, lligada al món actual.", "\n\n—De manera que el refranyer va lligat a les giragonses històriques.", "\n\n—Sí. ", "La història és cabdal en el cas dels refranys. ", "Provenen de la transmissió oral, quan la gent no sabia de lletra i per força havia de trobar una manera de transmetre coneixements: meteorològics, de moral, de país, del camp… Els pares els deien als fills perquè no es perdés aquest saber acumulat i per tenir eines a l’hora d’interpretar el món. ", "Per això apareixen aquestes peces poètiques, curtes, amb rima, amb ritme i enginy, que són fàcils de memoritzar i que condensen una saviesa ancestral. ", "Actualment ja no tenim necessitat d’acudir als refranys per trobar coneixement. ", "Fem la prova de cercar refranys que tractin de coses quotidianes d’ara: cotxes, autobusos, rentadores, televisors, contaminació… No n’hi ha.", "\n\n—Cap?", "\n\n—Com que tota regla té excepcions, en podem trobar alguns que semblen de creació recent: Per Sant Jordi, llibres i roses; Entre caixes i bancs, tot són entrebancs; Qui roba un pa, el tanquen a la presó, i qui en roba mil, el fan senyor…\n\n—Parlem de la Paremiologia Catalana Comparada Digital. ", "Què hi podem trobar?", "\n\n—Amb la Paremiologia Catalana Comparada Digital (PCCD), hem posat 10.000 refranys i frases fetes catalans a internet. ", "Però de fet conté 150.000 registres, perquè cada entrada té el refrany estàndard (que anomenem ‘paremiotipus’) i tot de variants: de vegades, són variants simples, com la presència o l’absència d’una coma; de vegades, dialectològiques; de vegades, amb algun mot canviat, etc. ", "Aquests 150.000 registres són tan sols una part del meu banc de dades.", "\n\n—Una part, solament? ", "Quants en teniu, doncs, d’aplegats?", "\n\n—Uns 650.000. ", "Però a casa tinc uns 1.000 llibres de refranys, molts dels quals encara no he buidat. ", "Treballo a un ritme de buidatge de 100 registres diaris, vora 40.000 cada any. ", "Sempre dic que em vull jubilar amb un milió de registres. ", "Hauré d’accelerar perquè em falten menys de vuit anys…\n\n—Són xifres que fan rodar el cap. ", "Tornem a la PCCD: a banda els 10.000 refranys catalans, què més hi trobem?", "\n\n—Segons quines siguin les fonts buidades, hi podem trobar informació sobre l’explicació de la parèmia, sobre expressions sinònimes, col·locacions i exemples, origen de les dites, zones on es diu, equivalents idiomàtics…\n\n—S’hi poden cercar refranys en castellà i veure’n la traducció al català?", "\n\n—Sí. ", "Simplement has d’escriure el refrany i activar el botó ‘equivalents idiomàtics’. ", "Com que no s’ha pensat per a això, pot ser que hi hagi dites en castellà que no hi siguin. ", "Més endavant farem el refranyer multilingüístic.", "\n\n—Què serà?", "\n\n—Com que tinc molts refranys d’altres llengües al meu banc de dades i en llibres que encara he de buidar, hem pensat que crearem una altra eina per a fer una cerca a partir de la dita catalana o a partir d’una dita estrangera cap al català.", "\n\n—Aquesta feina ha estat possible gràcies a la col·laboració amb Softcatalà? ", "N’esteu content?", "\n\nMolt, perquè van en la meva línia. ", "Ells, com jo, tampoc no tenen subvencions, sinó que són gent voluntària que treballa per la llengua catalana. ", "Ho han fet sempre, amb el programari que han creat o traduït, amb el Catalanitzador, amb el corrector, el traductor… Cerquen els buits que s’han d’omplir i els omplen. ", "A més, són gent molt competent i que et posen facilitats. ", "Per això ens hem entès tan bé.", "\n\n—Què hi ha fet, doncs, Softcatalà?", "\n\n—Pere Orga, de Softcatalà, n’ha fet el desenvolupament. ", "El cercador és hostatjat al servidor de Softcatalà i redirigit a la meva pàgina de Paremiologia Catalana, sota el domini de Dites.cat. ", "Jo ja havia intentat això mateix amb alguna altra empresa, però me’n demanaven molts diners i no m’oferien una garantia de manteniment i estabilitat. ", "Per a una persona com jo, que no s’hi guanya la vida, això era impossible.", "\n\n—Per fer tot això no heu rebut cap subvenció?", "\n\n—No he rebut cap subvenció ni hi ha cap entitat al darrere. ", "Sempre he preferit no deure res a ningú i poder-me llevar cada dia sentint-me lliure. ", "En aquest cas, no vull que em condicionin el contingut. ", "Imaginem-nos, per exemple, que el qui subvenciona digués que no vol que hi hagi refranys sobre les dones perquè considera que al segle XXI són políticament incorrectes. ", "No m’hi sentiria lliure.", "\n\n—Aneu a la vostra, però si vingués el president de la Generalitat i us digués: ‘Volem que acabeu aquesta feina i us ajudarem’, us hi avindríeu?", "\n\n—Sí. ", "Es podria fer. ", "Caldria formar un equip i posar fil a l’agulla. ", "Si ho faig jo sol, arribaré fins on pugui, però no ho podré acabar, per dues raons: pel temps que requereix i pels diners. ", "Hi ha moltes obres antigues a les quals no puc accedir perquè són molt cares.", "\n\n—De quines fonts heu extret el material?", "\n\n—De moltes. ", "Tinc un miler de llibres a casa i, a més, rebo molt sovint correus de gent que em diuen refranys que no tenia aplegats. ", "En el cas dels refranys i proverbis, són imprescindibles els vuit volums de la Paremiologia catalana comparada de Sebastià Farnés. ", "També ho és el diccionari Alcover-Moll, perquè hi surt tot i amb indicacions dialectals i de variants; no l’he pogut buidar sencer, encara. ", "També són importants les obres de Joan Amades, que va aplegar uns 25.000 refranys, i Tots els refranys catalans, d’Anna Parés, amb 25.000 més.", "\n\n—I d’obres no tan magnes com aquestes?", "\n\n—És important el Diccionari de locucions i frases fetes, de Joana Raspall i Joan Martí. ", "També, és clar, el Diccionari de sinònims de frases fetes, de M. Teresa Espinal [consultable en pdf i en línia, interactiu]; el Diccionari de frases fetes, refranys i locucions, d’Enciclopèdia Catalana; i el meu Dites.cat, que conté 2.500 refranys de tots els àmbits. ", "I afegim-hi obres més locals, com ara El refranyer de Joan Viladot, de Mercè Biosca i Maria-Pau Cornadó, que aplega uns 7.000 refranys. ", "Al País Valencià també n’han sortit ara fa poc, com ara Gat vell. ", "Dites marineres, de Francesc-Xavier Llorca. ", "I no fa gaire que es va publicar el Corpus de fraseologia de les Illes Balears, de Bàrbara Sagrera, amb 15.000 refranys i moltes explicacions d’ús. ", "Totes les obres buidades tenen una fitxa en la PCCD que es pot veure cada vegada que es consulta un refrany.", "\n\n—Què feu quan trobeu un refrany nou, per a saber si l’heu de registrar o no? ", "Hi ha una manera de ‘validar-lo’?", "\n\n—Quan trobem un refrany, mirem de saber d’on prové. ", "De vegades és molt difícil de determinar si és català. ", "Molts dels primers autors d’aplecs de refranys castellans són de nació catalana, que fan reculls de dites castellanes i també de dites catalanes traduïdes al castellà. ", "Per exemple, un dels primers reculls, Refranys en prosa catalana glossats, de mossèn Dimas, editat el 1509, ens ha arribat en una traducció castellana. ", "Això fa que tot sovint no sàpigues ben bé on neix el refrany.", "\n\n—Expliqueu-nos com vau començar a interessar-vos per la paremiologia.", "\n\n—Hi va haver dos moments decisius. ", "El primer, assistint a una assignatura de tercer de filologia catalana que impartia Joan Solà: història de la filologia catalana. ", "Hi feia, entre altres coses, una repassada dels reculls lexicogràfics històrics de la llengua catalana. ", "Amb ell vaig descobrir la rica tradició d’aquests reculls lexicogràfics i vaig tenir coneixement del de Carles Ros (Tratat d’adages y refranys valencians), de 1733, entre moltes obres que contenien parèmies. ", "També em va descobrir l’obra de Sebastià Farnés i la de Joan Amades. ", "Em va obrir un món.", "\n\n—I el segon moment?", "\n\n—Preparava les proves per a fer de becari a la Unitat d’Assessorament Lingüístic de Catalunya Ràdio i una de les proves era trobar equivalències entre frases fetes catalanes i castellanes. ", "De primer, vaig pensar que no sabria on trobar-les. ", "Però de seguida vaig començar a estirar un fil que encara ara descabdello: les fitxes de l’Avui del diumenge dels anys vuitanta, Josep Balbastre i el seu Nou recull de modismes i frases fetes (Pòrtic, 1977), els diccionaris bilingües d’Enciclopèdia Catalana…\n\n—I aquest fil on més us va dur?", "\n\n—Vaig anar veient que hi havia parèmies amagades a tot arreu: a la Bíblia, als clàssics llatins, diccionaris, lèxics i vocabularis, llegendes, obres de cultura popular, literatura d’abans i d’ara, columnes de diaris, contes infantils… Vaig descobrir la paremiologia comparada i vaig començar a furgar en les tradicions lexicogràfiques de les altres cultures. ", "I així he arribat a acumular més d’un miler de llibres als prestatges de la biblioteca de casa. ", "En català, en castellà, en occità, en francès, italià, portuguès, gallec, anglès…\n\n—Teniu un refrany preferit?", "\n\n—’Qui no vulgui pols, que no vagi a l’era.’ ", "L’estimo especialment perquè va guanyar el ‘Top ten dels refranys catalans‘. ", "I des de llavors m’ha acompanyat tot sovint. ", "Me n’ha sorprès que, tot i que molta gent ja no sap què és una era (i molt menys les feines que s’hi feien) encara sigui una parèmia coneguda i usada.", "\n\n—Què és aquest ‘Top ten’?", "\n\n—El 2010, en una època en què tenia molta activitat en els blocs, vaig pensar: ‘Demanaré a la gent els deu refranys que els vinguin al cap.’ ", "Amb això pretenia fer un petit rànquing dels refranys més coneguts. ", "En poc més de tres mesos vaig poder enviar més de 1.200 enquestes, de manera que vaig obtenir 12.000 registres. ", "Les setmanes següents vaig mirar d’ajustar respostes, arribar allà on tenia poques respostes en relació amb el total. ", "Vaig fer-ne el buidatge, tot garbellant les dades també per localització de respostes. ", "De manera que vaig poder fer el ‘Top ten de les Illes Balears’ i el ‘Top ten del País Valencià’.", "\n\n—I d’allà en va eixir el primer llibre?", "\n\n—Sí, la gent de Verkami, que tot just era un projecte, aprofitant l’embranzida que m’havia donat el ‘Top ten’, em van venir a veure per a publicar algun llibre amb micromecenatge. ", "I com que ja tenia a punt un recull de dites sobre l’ull (Amb cara i ulls), vam decidir de començar amb aquell llibre. ", "Va tenir un acolliment molt bo. ", "Vaig aconseguir els dos-cents mecenes que necessitava per a autopublicar el llibre i allò em va animar a publicar, també a Verkami, el segon llibre, el del cap (En cap cap cap). ", "Llavors, amb en Jordi Palou, vam pensar de publicar el resultat de Top Ten en un llibre, i l’editorial Cossetània ho va acceptar amb entusiasme. ", "En va sortir el llibre Els 100 refranys més populars, del qual ja s’han fet quatre edicions. ", "Després l’editorial Barcanova em va encarregar Dites.cat. ", "I, finalment, Els refranys més usuals de la llengua catalana (Llibres de l’Índex), sorgit a partir d’una enquesta sobre els refranys més usuals i un estudi posterior amb José Enrique Gargallo (UB), Joan Fontana (UB) i Xus Ugarte (UVic).", "\n\n—Teniu més projectes?", "\n\n—Voldria reprendre la idea inicial d’anar publicant llibres temàtics com els dos primers. ", "En tinc un de dedicat a la mà, força avançat, i el quart serà més escatològic, dedicat al cul.", "\n\n—Un llibre sobre el cul! ", "És ben bé que hi ha refranys de tota mena, oi?", "\n\n—Hi ha una temàtica molt diversa, sí. ", "Hi ha tot el vessant proverbial, de consells morals, de religió… Però aquest àmbit condiciona molt les persones i ha quedat obsolet. ", "En trobem també de l’àmbit meteorològic, d’agricultura o de natura: l’home observa els signes per a deduir quin temps farà, deixa fixats els cicles de conreus, parla de l’allargament o escurçament del dia: tot això configura una petita enciclopèdia que tenien antigament per a viure. ", "I en acabat hi ha tota la part humorística: el sexe, les dites tòpiques…\n\n—Què són les dites tòpiques?", "\n\n—Les que escriu gent d’un poble sobre el poble veí, per destacar-ne els aspectes més idiosincràtics. ", "D’aquestes, n’hi ha poques que parlin bé dels veïns. ", "Generalment, busquen una certa humiliació o mofa. ", "Com passa entre Terrassa i Sabadell, passa amb moltes poblacions.", "\n\n—I d’aquestes dites tòpiques, no en teniu cap bloc?", "\n\n—I tant: un bloc, un mapa on es poden localitzar totes les que he anat aplegant, un formulari per si algú me’n vol enviar…\n\n—Ja m’ho pensava…\n\nPodeu comprar els llibres de Víctor Pàmies sobre refranys a la Botiga de VilaWeb" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.014383687637746334, 0.005692115984857082, 0.0030205287039279938, 0.011621338315308094, 0.08451654762029648, 0.026628965511918068, 0.006476796232163906, 0.07619263231754303, 0.013812599703669548, 0.010008329525589943, 0.07910412549972534, 0.0008291616104543209, 0.002920865546911955, 0.06579515337944031, 0.03842902183532715, 0.043395280838012695, 0.04020518809556961, 0.027333814650774002, 0.0700899288058281, 0.0265224389731884, 0.02771412767469883, 0.007867109961807728, 0.014739910140633583, 0.06994153559207916, 0.0038754348643124104, 0.038339558988809586, 0.014239570125937462, 0.016940854489803314, 0.0017610345967113972, 0.07138969749212265, 0.001405725022777915, 0.14945648610591888, 0.03324740752577782, 0.004858636762946844, 0.15236644446849823, 0.0122893787920475, 0.0016936620231717825, 0.0455884151160717, 0.3148595988750458, 0.0427672304213047, 0.1216072216629982, 0.03640954941511154, 0.002589365467429161, 0.04710672050714493, 0.07191624492406845, 0.002997573697939515, 0.07737776637077332, 0.022390490397810936, 0.0021631841082125902, 0.008917918428778648, 0.0025955033488571644, 0.426996648311615, 0.015903929248452187, 0.0013282771687954664, 0.022895243018865585, 0.006411131005734205, 0.07922336459159851, 0.03509341552853584, 0.03722443804144859, 0.0017963912105187774, 0.05876033008098602, 0.015096013434231281, 0.03976438567042351, 0.02170594595372677, 0.020321708172559738, 0.009232161566615105, 0.02227308228611946, 0.02992728352546692, 0.0021123657934367657, 0.014453882351517677, 0.0010002889903262258, 0.05059682950377464, 0.012211473658680916, 0.026975475251674652, 0.021495074033737183, 0.03960418328642845, 0.006646701600402594, 0.005369007121771574, 0.0014707917580381036, 0.007342813070863485, 0.014705713838338852, 0.037824176251888275, 0.011744877323508263, 0.032088503241539, 0.004819300025701523, 0.02109716646373272, 0.0027032848447561264, 0.0015846308087930083, 0.003587189828976989, 0.03149082139134407, 0.0016480584163218737, 0.004287869669497013, 0.0012843087315559387, 0.12348001450300217, 0.0356999896466732, 0.0770527794957161, 0.2020731121301651, 0.0018564376514405012, 0.01541286800056696, 0.0014707917580381036, 0.010186533443629742, 0.08079102635383606, 0.0009925772901624441, 0.0024045463651418686, 0.16295957565307617, 0.0009997626766562462, 0.0008979632402770221, 0.008940665982663631, 0.019688434898853302, 0.3016107380390167, 0.044426653534173965, 0.05986027419567108, 0.006195024121552706, 0.025225484743714333, 0.01775510050356388, 0.08548983186483383, 0.009008403867483139, 0.09947563707828522, 0.047425925731658936, 0.26708555221557617, 0.014605564065277576, 0.023463718593120575, 0.0014862819807603955, 0.02428334392607212, 0.0014707917580381036, 0.030089639127254486, 0.10666455328464508, 0.1457902193069458, 0.476965993642807, 0.016926359385252, 0.0011937443632632494, 0.11042820662260056, 0.012924420647323132, 0.12113510817289352, 0.06320475041866302, 0.03094908408820629, 0.0025782124139368534, 0.0028901291079819202, 0.005627078469842672, 0.27118438482284546, 0.0007128575234673917, 0.01868523843586445, 0.03899828717112541, 0.006300583481788635, 0.0014892932958900928, 0.0017325131921097636, 0.006305168382823467, 0.01828775927424431, 0.0031483520288020372, 0.32909438014030457, 0.006580148823559284, 0.014970553107559681, 0.0011190194636583328, 0.0013125537661835551, 0.011630401015281677, 0.022220080718398094, 0.05221938341856003, 0.007584688253700733, 0.003142595523968339, 0.002882647095248103, 0.054681841284036636, 0.013247264549136162, 0.18115971982479095, 0.0009726588032208383, 0.027050992473959923, 0.008183520287275314, 0.09729310870170593, 0.08384332060813904, 0.001489328104071319, 0.009763054549694061, 0.2573869526386261, 0.056409865617752075, 0.1031665951013565, 0.059946458786726, 0.0132050896063447, 0.01518270280212164, 0.04376642033457756, 0.03472350537776947, 0.04162653535604477, 0.05793745070695877, 0.004474202170968056, 0.04053458943963051, 0.0022383767645806074, 0.004451076965779066, 0.00378086743876338, 0.002520964713767171, 0.0439022071659565, 0.14961645007133484, 0.0037262022960931063, 0.0021600639447569847, 0.3153127431869507, 0.019188275560736656, 0.061339423060417175, 0.1015879213809967, 0.006640295032411814, 0.02776087261736393, 0.021919049322605133, 0.0070418789982795715, 0.029402289539575577 ]

[ "Q:\n\nNeed help scripting with jar files\n\nI need to launch 17 .jar files, one at a time, with a 7 second delay in between each. ", "\n3 hours later, I need to kill all java processes, but only those running on surge user. ", "\n3 hours later I need to repeat this process. ", "\nSo I have something like this in a Windows Batch file. ", "\nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \ntimeout /t 10800\ntaskkill /F /IM java.exe /T\ntimeout /t 10800\n\nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \nstart java -Xmx4G -jar C:\\Users\\surge\\Downloads\\cooljar.jar\ntimeout /t 7 \n\nNow I need it in Linux shell script format.", "\nSo I've been using \nnohup java -jar cooljar.jar && nohup java -jar cooljar.jar && nohup java -jar cooljar.jar. ", "\n\nBut that does not allow a delay between each launch. ", "\nedit: sorry I didn't mention this, the jars have different arguments. ", "\nEdit @Byte Commander: I am trying your example like this. ", "It's not working.", "\n#!", "/bin/bash\n\nlaunch_jars() {\n\n java -jar cooljar.jar -n 1\n sleep 7\n java -jar cooljar.jar -n 2\n sleep 7\n java -jar cooljar.jar -n 3\n sleep 7\n java -jar cooljar.jar -n 4\n sleep 7\n java -jar cooljar.jar -n 5\n sleep 7\n\n}\n\nwhile 1 ; do\n launch_jars\n sleep 3h\n killall -u surge java\n sleep 3h\ndone\n\nand I am getting errors:\n$ bash /home/surge/Downloads/run.sh\n/home/surge/Downloads/run.sh: line 2: $'\\r': command not found\n/home/surge/Downloads/run.sh: line 3: syntax error near unexpected token `$'{\\r'\n'home/surge/Downloads/run.sh: line 3: `launch_jars() {\n$\n\nA:\n\nAssuming you launch your Java JAR using java -jar cooljar.jar, you could use this script:\n#!", "/bin/bash\n\nlaunch_jars() {\n for i in {1..17} ; do\n java -jar cooljar.jar &\n sleep 7\n done\n}\n\nwhile 1 ; do\n launch_jars\n sleep 3h\n killall -u surge java\n sleep 3h\ndone\n\nThis defines the function launch_jars which launches the same JAR file 17 times in a row with a delay of 7 seconds in between.", "\nIt will run an infinite loop of calling that function, waiting 3 hours, killing all java processes of user surge and waiting 3 more hours.", "\nCopy the script and save it using a text editor like gedit as e.g. jar-launcher.sh. ", "Then make it executable by running the terminal command\nchmod +x jar-launcher.sh\n\nYou can then run the script. ", "To abort it, hit Ctrl+C.\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0005846699932590127, 0.031980130821466446, 0.000574822595808655, 0.0006119346362538636, 0.012242999859154224, 0.0009727640426717699, 0.0006128907552920282, 0.0005995164392516017, 0.0006226389668881893, 0.0016763589810580015, 0.012521268799901009, 0.0017747714882716537, 0.000979378237389028, 0.0017710523679852486, 0.0053575607016682625, 0.002708679297938943, 0.0014170085778459907 ]

[ "Q:\n\nRails Form: Placeholder Text Ignored\n\nThis line is in one of my forms:\n<%= question.answer %><%= f.text_field :answer, :placeholder => \"Respond...\" %>\n\nIt displays the answer to a question and shows a text field to update that answer.", "\nThe only problem is that the place holder text is never shown and the content is always set to the answer content rather than \"Respond...\" as a placeholder.", "\n\nA:\n\nTry this:\n<%= question.answer %><%= f.text_field :answer, '', :placeholder => \"Respond...\" %>\n\nYou were setting your placeholder as the value parameter: text_field_tag(name, value = nil, options = {}) \nhttp://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionView/Helpers/FormTagHelper.html#method-i-text_field_tag\n\nA:\n\n<%= question.answer %><%= f.text_field :answer, :value => \"\", :placeholder => \"Respond...\" %>\nDoes the trick it seems, this is a modified version of @Yogzzz's answer - he should get credit. ", "He hasn't made the changes to his answer so I can't accept it as correct.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006523525225929916, 0.0009278525831177831, 0.0016902823699638247, 0.0006658209604211152, 0.001994825666770339 ]

[ "Rahul Bheke\n\nRahul Shankar Bheke (born 6 December 1990) is an Indian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Indian Super League club Bengaluru and the Indian national team.", "\n\nClub career\n\nEarly career\nBorn in Mumbai, Maharashtra, Bheke started to play football for his school teams before joining the under-19 squad of Mahindra United. ", "Bheke found it tough to mix his football career with his school studies and once he made the Mahindra United U19 side, he found it harder. ", "Bheke then joined his first professional club, Air India, and played for them from 2011 to 2013. ", "After Air India were expelled from the I-League, Bheke joined Mumbai Tigers. ", "He played for them in small cup competitions before leaving the club.", "\n\nMumbai\nIn January 2014, Bheke returned to the I-League after he signed for Mumbai. ", "He made his debut for the club on 15 January against Mohun Bagan in the Federation Cup. ", "He came on as a substitute for Pappachen Pradeep as Mumbai lost 1–0. ", "He went on to make eight appearances for the club that season and before the next season was awarded with a contract extension.", "\n\nBheke scored his first professional goal on 7 April 2015 against Bengaluru FC at the Sree Kanteerava Stadium. ", "His 67th-minute goal put Mumbai in the lead but Robin Singh managed to equalize two minutes before stoppage time to end the game 1–1.", "\n\nEast Bengal\nAfter two seasons with Mumbai, Bheke signed for fellow I-League side, East Bengal. ", "On 5 September 2015, Bheke scored for East Bengal against arch-rivals, Mohun Bagan, during a Calcutta Football League match at the Salt Lake Stadium. ", "His goal helped East Bengal achieve a 4–0 victory.", "\n\nKerala Blasters (loan)\nAfter a good performance for Mumbai during the 2014–15 I-League season, Bheke was one of the available players during the 2015 Indian Super League domestic draft. ", "Unfortunately, Bheke was not chosen in the draft. ", "However, in September 2015, it was revealed that Bheke had joined the Kerala Blasters for their pre-season camp and eventually he signed with the club on loan from East Bengal. ", "Bheke made his debut for the club during their opening fixture against NorthEast United on 6 October 2015. ", "He started and played 90 minutes as Kerala Blasters won 3–1.", "\n\nBengaluru\nBheke was picked by Bengaluru FC in Round 4 in 2017–18 ISL Players Draft. ", "In February 2018, Bengaluru extended his contract till 2021. ", "Bheke scored the deciding goal in the 2018-19 Indian Super League Final in 117th minute to win the first Indian Super League trophy for Bengaluru FC. ", "He played in all of Bengaluru’s league games that season, with 20 games and 3 goals in the ISL.", "\n\nInternational career\nBheke made his international debut against Curaçao in 2019 King's Cup on 5 June 2019, under head coach Igor Stimac.", "\n\nCareer statistics\n\nClub\n\nInternational\n\nHonours\n\nClub \nEast Bengal\nCalcutta Football League(2): 2015–16, 2016–17\nBengaluru FC\nIndian Super Cup(1): 2018\nIndian Super League(2): 2018–19\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1990 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Footballers from Mumbai\nCategory:Indian footballers\nCategory:Air India F.C. players\nCategory:Mumbai Tigers F.C. players\nCategory:Mumbai F.C. players\nCategory:East Bengal F.C. players\nCategory:Kerala Blasters FC players\nCategory:FC Pune City players\nCategory:Bengaluru FC players\nCategory:Association football defenders\nCategory:I-League players\nCategory:Indian Super League players" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0013228390598669648, 0.0007882610079832375, 0.0009369463077746332, 0.0008214543340727687, 0.0009662431548349559, 0.0008462592377327383, 0.0006814515800215304, 0.0009118766756728292, 0.003662913106381893, 0.0010425125947222114, 0.0012429985217750072, 0.002709226682782173, 0.0010010006371885538, 0.0008220157469622791, 0.0011638053692877293, 0.0006496385321952403, 0.0006854658713564277, 0.0007036327733658254, 0.0007762419409118593, 0.0013844978529959917, 0.0008913683122955263, 0.0006060138694010675, 0.0012579711619764566, 0.0008412732277065516, 0.0007201319094747305, 0.0005939702386967838 ]

[ "Genetic diversity analyses of class 1 integrons and their associated antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae strains recovered from aquatic habitats in China.", "\nTo characterize the molecular diversity of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance (AR) genes of Enterobacteriaceae strains recovered from aquatic habitats in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. ", "Six hundred and thirty-eight antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from wastewater were examined for class 1 integron. ", "Of these, 293 were positive for the class 1 integrase gene intI1; among these, 34 gene cassettes and 29 AR genes were detected. ", "Twenty-nine distinct gene cassette arrays were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). ", "Seven strains harboring novel gene cassette arrays were subjected to further study, in which antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined, and the presence of other AR genes outside of the integrons was assayed. ", "Several of the resistance determinants were found to be transferable by conjugation or transformation. ", "This study established the assessment of class 1 integron and antimicrobial resistance gene patterns among environmental Enterobacteriaceae. ", "Also, a restriction enzyme EcoRII was employed to develop a rapid and simple method for characterizing gene cassette arrays by RFLP analysis, which facilitated further study of novel gene cassette arrays. ", "These data not only illustrated the diversity of class 1 integron gene cassettes but also provided direct evidence that integrons mobilized gene cassettes, generating new linkages of resistance genes, and they could be integrated in gene transfer units such as conjugative plasmids to contribute to the dissemination of AR genes by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in aquatic environments." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006205518147908151, 0.0006012614467181265, 0.0006473843823187053, 0.0006506227073259652, 0.0006081373430788517, 0.0006359957042150199, 0.0006212560692802072, 0.0006171459681354463, 0.0005597840645350516, 0.0006102726329118013 ]

[ "He had stepped on the scales, but hadn't yet touched a playbook. ", "One day away from Kansas State's fall camp, already safety Antwon Moore knew the ensuing weeks prior to season opener on Sept. 2 would be vastly different than anything he had experienced at Northeastern Oklahoma A&M.\n\nThe 5-foot-10, 209-pounder grinned Friday, remembering all-too well his introduction to the new level at Bill Snyder Family Stadium.", "\n\n\"Earlier this summer, we were doing 7-on-7s and I was guarding Jordy Nelson,\" he said. \"", "We were going one-on-one and I realized how fast Jordy was. ", "I came across some pretty fast guys in juco, but it's like a 360.\"" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000790872611105442, 0.0006326386355794966, 0.0006462152814492583, 0.002972209360450506, 0.0006627880502492189 ]

[ "Our Roybal Center for the Study of Social Networks and Well-Being is animated by the recognition that complex social network structures in which people are embedded play an important role in individual and collective health. ", "The overarching goals of our work are to (1) ask significant questions about the role of social networks in producing specific outcomes related to health; and (2) develop methods of answering such questions, in part by developing novel methods of measuring networks and their effects, and in part by experimentally intervening in both face-to-face and online social networks. ", "Our primary thematic areas of focus are novel methods for survey research and data collection and mechanisms of behavior change. ", "And our Roybal Center will focus on the social network underpinnings of behavioral and psychosocial factors related to well-being, such as social interaction, loneliness, disability, diverse health behaviors, adoption of new drugs, and so on. ", "And much of our work investigates how health behaviors and peer effects influence physical health and even life expectancy. ", "Our Center will support research projects that examine both in-person and online social networks for the effects of patterns of network connections on health and wellbeing, and we will study how health and well-being are affected by the flow of phenomena across network ties. ", "Our specific aims are to: (1) establish a Center that contributes to the development of new methods and conceptual frameworks for understanding social network effects on health, health care, health behavior, and well-being; (2) fund pilot projects that examine how network structure in online and face-to-face social networks affects health; and (3) fund pilot projects that examine how the flow of behaviors, norms, information, germs, etc., ", "within network structures takes place both in real life social networks (e.g., health facilties and workplaces) and also in online networks; (4) translate the findings of pilot projects into concrete recommendations for helping people improve their health; and (5) translate the findings of pilot projects into policy recommendations for government, health care providers, insurers, and other stakeholders." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.0005797591875307262, 0.0005861971876583993, 0.0005702849593944848, 0.0006390927592292428, 0.0005926698795519769, 0.0005465782596729696, 0.0006106860237196088, 0.0006527412333525717 ]

[ "Q:\n\nWhat exactly mean by this Urikind.relative\n\nWhat i am doing is i will have a datagridview when i select a row and click on show button i would like to display the image along with some information for that i written the following code\npublic partial class WpfWindow : Window\n{\n private UCPersons _ucPersons;\n\n public WpfWindow()\n {\n InitializeComponent();\n\n // Create WinForms Usercontrol and \n // add it to the WindowsFormsHost\n _ucPersons = new UCPersons();\n winFormHost.", "Child = _ucPersons;\n\n List<Person> persons = CreateSamplePersons();\n _ucPersons.", "SetData(persons);\n\n }\n\n private List<Person> CreateSamplePersons()\n {\n List<Person> persons = new List<Person>();\n persons.", "Add(Person.", "Create(\"Dorababu\", \"Madhuranagar\", \"Hyd\", \n DateTime.", "Now.", "AddYears(-34), \"1\"));\n\n persons.", "Add(Person.", "Create(\"Krish\", \"Sat\", \"RJY\",\n DateTime.", "Now.", "AddYears(-64), \"2\"));\n\n return persons;\n }\n\n private void btnDisplayDetails_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)\n {\n Person person = _ucPersons.", "GetSelectedPerson();\n if (person !", "= null)\n {\n lblName.", "Content = person.", "Name;\n lblAge.", "Content = person.", "BirthDay.", "ToShortDateString();\n Uri uri = new Uri( \"m_\" + person.", "ImageRef + \".jpg\", \n UriKind.", "Relative);\n imgPerson.", "Source = BitmapFrame.", "Create(uri);\n }\n }\n}\n\nBut the same is not working if i copy and paste my images out of Bin.", "\nSo i would like to know some thing about this UriKInd\n\nA:\n\nRelative, as opposed to Absolute. \"", "chicken/pot/pie.jpg\" would be relative, because it's relative to the current directory. ", "Whereas something like \"C:/images/food/chicken/pot/pie.jpg\" would be absolute because it's ...err... relative to the root of the drive.", "\nThe only real point to initializing the Uri this way is to avoid (or cause) exceptions when the uri is not well-formed; useful when the Uri is not predetermined.", "\nMSDN Reference\n\nRelative and absolute URIs have different restrictions on their format. ", "For example, a relative URI does not require a scheme or an authority. ", "The value you specify in uriKind must match the type of URI passed in uriString. ", "However, if RelativeOrAbsolute is specified, the URI string can be relative or absolute.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt means it's a relative URI - but we don't know what it's relative to without you providing more information.", "\nAs an example, the URI here is relative:\n<img src=\"person.jpg\" />\n\n... and so is this, although it's in some ways \"less\" relative than the previous one, as it only relies on the existing host/post/scheme rather than the current URI's path:\n<img src=\"/images/person.jpg\" />\n\nThis is absolute though - it contains all the information required, without any other context:\n<img src=\"http://microsoft.com/images/person.jpg\" />\n\nFrom the UriKind documentation:\n\nAbsolute URIs are characterized by a complete reference to the resource (example: http://www.contoso.com/index.html), while a relative Uri depends on a previously defined base URI (example: /index.html).", "\n\nIt's hard to say what problem you're having without more information though.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007931619766168296, 0.0012723894324153662, 0.00097557163098827, 0.0007740769069641829, 0.0006717321812175214, 0.0016326592303812504, 0.0006669787690043449, 0.0007740769069641829, 0.0006564820068888366, 0.0016326592303812504, 0.0009739297674968839, 0.0009820542763918638, 0.007188413292169571, 0.000736504327505827, 0.0006994997966103256, 0.000736504327505827, 0.0012989109382033348, 0.0012008025078102946, 0.0007479937630705535, 0.0007287872140295804, 0.002399980090558529, 0.006803728174418211, 0.0006105085485614836, 0.0006216155597940087, 0.000673065718729049, 0.0009379443945363164, 0.0006209665443748236, 0.000681709498167038, 0.0007825024076737463, 0.0007319140713661909, 0.0005821529775857925, 0.0006090825772844255, 0.000731367792468518, 0.001994825666770339 ]

[ "Tea forte' single steeps mix of teas to go with my new TEA Rex tea infuser and VERY adorable mama chicken mug!! ", "I love it!!! ", "Thank you. :)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0092830965295434, 0.0009333742782473564, 0.0005616219132207334 ]

[ "Q:\n\nCombing interfaces of derived classes\n\nI have classes which implement interfaces of classes derived from a common base. ", "Is there any way that I can combine these to work with them as a set? ", "\nI have been exploring co and contravariance but without success.", "\nThanks for your help. ", "\nvoid Main()\n{\n var textAnswers = new IAnswerValidator<TextQuestion, TextAnswer>[] { new NoDogsValidator(), new MaxLengthValidator() };\n var dateAnswers = new IAnswerValidator<DateQuestion, DateAnswer>[] { new NotChristmasDayValidator() };\n\n // Can I combine into a list or enumerable?", "\n // var allValidators = new List<IAnswerValidator<QuestionBase, AnswerBase>>();\n // allValidators.", "AddRange(textAnswers);\n // allValidators.", "AddRange(dateAnswers);\n\n // The goal is to be able to combine so as to be able to work on them as a set. ", "\n}\n\npublic class ValidationResult { }\n\npublic class AnswerBase { }\npublic class TextAnswer : AnswerBase { }\npublic class DateAnswer : AnswerBase { }\n\npublic class QuestionBase { }\npublic class TextQuestion : QuestionBase { }\npublic class DateQuestion : QuestionBase { }\n\npublic interface IAnswerValidator<TQuestion, TAnswer> where TQuestion : QuestionBase, new() where TAnswer : AnswerBase, new()\n{\n ValidationResult Validate(TQuestion question, TAnswer answer);\n}\n\npublic class NoDogsValidator : IAnswerValidator<TextQuestion, TextAnswer>\n{\n public ValidationResult Validate(TextQuestion question, TextAnswer answer) { return new ValidationResult(); } // simplified\n}\n\npublic class MaxLengthValidator : IAnswerValidator<TextQuestion, TextAnswer>\n{\n public ValidationResult Validate(TextQuestion question, TextAnswer answer) { return new ValidationResult(); } // simplified\n}\n\npublic class NotChristmasDayValidator : IAnswerValidator<DateQuestion, DateAnswer>\n{\n public ValidationResult Validate(DateQuestion question, DateAnswer answer) { return new ValidationResult(); } // simplified\n}\n\nA:\n\nIs there any way that I can combine these to work with them as a set? ", "\n\nNot and keep type-safety.", "\nFor example, consider your proposed code:\nvar allValidators = new List<IAnswerValidator<QuestionBase, AnswerBase>>();\nallValidators.", "AddRange(textAnswers);\nallValidators.", "AddRange(dateAnswers);\n\nSuppose the compiler let you do that. ", "Then what do you say should happen if you do something like this:\nQuestionBase question = new TextQuestion();\nAnswerBase answer = new TextAnswer();\n\nforeach (var validator in allValidators)\n{\n validator.", "Validate(question, answer);\n}\n\nIn particular, when it gets to the NotChristmasDayValidator element in the list, what's that object going to do when you pass its Validate() method objects that are not DateQuestion and DateAnswer, respectively?", "\nYour goal is fundamentally broken. ", "You say you want to combine all the objects into a single list, but you haven't explained why that's useful nor what you think you'd be able to do with such a list. ", "There are of course ways you can put all those objects into the same list, but only by discarding the type safety. ", "For example, just make your allValidators object a List<object> instead. ", "Then you can put whatever you want in the list. ", "But you'll have to do extra type-checking later, when using the list.", "\nUntil if and when you're able to explain a design goal that is safe and sensible, all we can say for now is \"no, you can't do that, it's not safe\".", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006348804454319179, 0.0006792541826143861, 0.000591712596360594, 0.0005503186257556081, 0.0010560925584286451, 0.000916715303901583, 0.0007312311790883541, 0.0006344543071463704, 0.0011106746969744563, 0.0006944420747458935, 0.0008667396032251418, 0.0007300335564650595, 0.0007421018090099096, 0.0007799463346600533, 0.0007380021852441132, 0.0019471722189337015, 0.0007484903326258063, 0.0006602926296181977, 0.0012620167108252645, 0.0015261932276189327, 0.000604674278292805, 0.0005829730653204024, 0.001994825666770339 ]

[ "You should prepare for any trip you head out on a vacation or business trip. ", "You want to get the most value for your buck and your time. ", "The following article provides valuable tips below can help you get this. ", "Losing your child is a scary prospect. ", "The fewer items you carry, the less likely […]\n\nWhat do you have about traveling? ", "Have you made a plan for your travel? ", "Have you planned for any type of emergency that may occur? ", "If you feel hesitant to answer these questions, you should check out the below article. ", "Making travel arrangements well ahead of time will help keep your trip affordable. ", "Despite the […]\n\nIt takes lots of work to plan out your vacation. ", "In addition to selecting a vacation spot, you have to figure out which hotel you will stay in. ", "Making the wrong decision can spoil your vacation. ", "This article will help you in choosing the right hotel for your needs. ", "Consider ordering room service when the […]\n\nYou may forget important traveling factors when hurrying to drive to the next destination or to catch a flight. ", "This article will help to break down everything you need to do it right. ", "If your destination requires some vaccinations, be sure to take along verifications of your shots. ", "Without the certificate, authorities will have no […]\n\nYou have to consider many factors when planning a vacation. ", "You have to choose your vacation destination and make transportation arrangements. ", "You also have to plan where you’ll be staying while you are on vacation. ", "This article will help you great advice that will be helpful. ", "Use hotel search tools. ", "These websites can help you […]\n\nWe can experience different from that we already know. ", "That is why we are providing these tips exist. ", "They come from people that have experience as world travelers. ", "Leave most of your items you don’t need at home. ", "Pack your bags the night before you travel. ", "Make the preparations you need well before your flight. […]", "\n\nIt takes work to plan out your vacation. ", "You must decide on a location, arrange transportation and find a place to stay. ", "Making the wrong decisions can ruin the trip. ", "This article provided tips that will allow you to select the right hotel for you. ", "Check for online reviews before booking a room. ", "These will […]\n\nWelcome to the great world of traveling! ", "There are many wonderful places to enjoy. ", "It can all be a great adventure! ", "You will want to ensure you can to get the most out of your trip. ", "Here are some information that others have found quite helpful. ", "Leave what valuables you can at home. ", "Losing your […]\n\nIf you are a novice traveler, then there are some guidelines you may want to follow.", "The following tips will assist you plan the best trip possible and make solid travel decisions. ", "If you need vaccinations in order to travel to a certain country, make sure you have the certificate verifying you have been vaccinated. ", "If […]\n\nHave you ever heard others mention they didn’t like a hotel room they stayed in and it affected their wonderful vacation but for the horrible accommodations? ", "The hotel that you stay make a huge factor in your experience. ", "You want to choose a hotel that fits your budget and that you are looking for. ", "This […]" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0008380328654311597, 0.0036928546614944935, 0.0005310250562615693, 0.31838706135749817, 0.0006314778584055603, 0.0007197421509772539, 0.0006103933556005359, 0.0005334871239028871, 0.0005248676752671599, 0.0006786162266507745, 0.0006209106650203466, 0.0008952125790528953, 0.000578292936552316, 0.000594201497733593, 0.0006327363080345094, 0.001067122328095138, 0.0005655241548083723, 0.0006196393514983356, 0.0007602916448377073, 0.0005393439205363393, 0.000721402873750776, 0.0005610478110611439, 0.0005583436577580869, 0.0005820362130180001, 0.002364342799410224, 0.02119480073451996, 0.0006627946277149022, 0.0006997371674515307, 0.0009022763697430491, 0.0012570435646921396, 0.0005321050412021577, 0.0005848310538567603, 0.000607529073022306, 0.0005607094499282539, 0.0006351241027005017, 0.0017185549950227141, 0.0005974870873615146, 0.0032604453153908253, 0.000937415927182883, 0.0005118125700391829, 0.0016183964908123016, 0.0008171269437298179, 0.00060221494641155, 0.0009015215327963233, 0.0009044053731486201 ]

[ "Reflection of incident light reduces the efficiency (photocurrent) of silicon solar cells. ", "Without antireflection, about 40% of sunlight is lost. ", "This anti-reflection must be effective across the entire solar spectrum and at a wide variety of incident sunlight angles. ", "Acceptance of light from a broad range of angles aids in capturing morning, afternoon, and diffuse scattered light. ", "These same antireflection properties are also useful in silicon-based optical detectors.", "\nPresently, antireflection on crystal silicon photovoltaics is achieved through several different techniques, but none is completely satisfactory. ", "Anisotropic (pyramidal) texture etching of single crystal silicon reduces reflectivity to about 5-15% on 100-oriented single-crystal silicon, but mainly for light incident at angles near 90° and not for low incident angles. ", "This technique also consumes a lot of silicon material, making it impractical for film silicon photovoltaics. ", "On other forms of silicon and silicon solar cells, deposited, quarter-wavelength films of ITO, SiOx, SiNx or other materials are used to reduce reflectivity, but the effect is based on interference and therefore tuned to a specific wavelength and is not necessarily effective across the entire solar spectrum. ", "Averaged across the solar spectrum, reflection can be reduced to about 5-15%. ", "Lower-reflection approaches that work effectively at all incident angles are still needed.", "\nPrevious black silicon etching approaches result in low reflectivity across the entire solar spectrum and a wide range of angles of incidence, but the gold evaporation step is expensive to implement and difficult to control.", "\nThe foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. ", "Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0006213141023181379, 0.0006780950934626162, 0.0005516380770131946, 0.0005838383221998811, 0.0005974028608761728, 0.0005922655109316111, 0.0006439844146370888, 0.0008058554958552122, 0.0005935067310929298, 0.0005512472707778215, 0.0005637701833620667, 0.0006735656061209738, 0.0005766013055108488, 0.0005522335995920002 ]

[ "Benny Greb\n\nBenny Greb (born 13 June 1980 in Augsburg, Germany) is a prolific German drummer, singer and clinician. ", "He started playing the drums at age six and began taking lessons at age twelve. ", "He plays a large variety of music and can be seen playing rock with and The Ron Spielman Trio, jazz with The Benny Greb Brass Band and Sabri Tulug Tirpan, funk with Jerobeam, fusion with the NDR Big Band on their Frank Zappa Project, with 3erGezimmeR and Wayne Krantz, and acoustic punk with Strom & Wasser. ", "He has also performed at the Modern Drummer Festival 2010 and at many clinics and drum festivals around the world. ", "Greb is endorsed by Sonor Drums and has his signature snare, Remo Drum Heads, Vic Firth, and by Meinl Percussion. ", "He developed with Meinl a signature line of Byzance Vintage Series cymbals including the \"Sand Ride\" and \"Sand Hats,\" both known for their sandblasted finishes. ", "In 2012, Meinl introduced new \"Sand Crash\" and \"Sand Crash/Ride\" cymbals to the Byzance Vintage lineup. ", "Furthermore, Benny has a set of trash hats that he uses on the right side of his kit.", "\n\nIn 2009, Greb released his Hudson Music DVD \"The Language of Drumming\". ", "In 2015, he released his DVD \"The Art And Science Of Groove\".", "\n\nGear\nGreb endorses Sonor Drums\n\n Sonor SQ2 Vintage Beech in \"White Pearl\"\n 20\" x 18\" Bass Drum \n 10\" x 8\" Tom\n 14\" x 14\" Floor Tom\n 16\" x 16\" Floor Tom\n 13\" x 5.75\" Signature Snare (Beech)\n\nGreb endorses Meinl Percussion and Meinl Cymbals.", "\n\n(From Left to Right)\n\n 8\" Classics Bell High (used as Xhat bottom) \n 8\" Byzance Dark Splash (used as Xhat top)\n 14” GenerationX Trash Hat China (hihat bottom)\n 14” Byzance Sand hat (bottom used on top of the China)\n 14” Byzance Sand hat (top)\n 14” Generation X Trash Hat China (used underneath the crash)\n 18” Byzance Sand Thin Crash (on top of the China)\n 8\" Classics Bell High (used as Xhat bottom)\n 8\" Generation X Electro Stack (used as Xhat top)\n 20” Byzance Sand Ride\n 18” Byzance Trash Crash (two pcs used as Xhat)\n 22” Byzance Sand Crash Ride\n Hardware – Sonor 600 Series\n Pedals – Sonor Giant Step\n Drum Heads – Remo\n Sticks – Vic Firth Benny Greb Signature Sticks\n Percussion Meinl Bongos, Cowbells and Shakers\n\nDiscography\n\nPoetry Club\n2007: Goldene Zeit\n\nStoppok\n2008: Sensationsstrom\n2009: Auf Zeche\n\nJerobeam\n2004: Confidential Breakfast\n2009: How One Becomes What One Is\n\nBenny Greb\n2005: Grebfruit\n2009: Brass Band\n2013: Two Day Trio\n2014: Moving Parts\n2016: Moving Parts (Live)\n2017: Grebfruit 2\n\n3erGezimmeR\n2009: 3erGezimmeR\n\nStrom und Wasser\n2005: Spielt Keine Rolle\n2006: Gossenhauer\n2007: Farbengeil\n2009: Emotionsdesign\n2011: Mondpunk\n\nThomas D\n2011: Lektionen in Demut 11.0\n\nBlue Touch Paper\n2011: Stand Well Back\n2013: \"Drawing Breath\"\n\nRon Spielman Trio\n2008: Absolutely Live\n2012: Electric Tales\n\nNils Wülker\n2012: Just Here Just Now\n2015: Up\n2017: ON\n\nDVDs\n2009: The Language of Drumming\n2010: Modern Drummer Festival\n2015: The Art & Science Of Groove\n\nNick Johnston\n2019: Wide Eyes in The Dark\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\nOfficial website\nDrummerworld Profile\nBenny Greb in Ukraine\n\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:1980 births\nCategory:German drummers\nCategory:Male drummers\nCategory:German male musicians\nCategory:21st-century drummers\nCategory:21st-century German male musicians" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0012189931003376842, 0.0011834432370960712, 0.0011816364713013172, 0.0006161911296658218, 0.0006827064789831638, 0.0010200871620327234, 0.0007986858254298568, 0.15061220526695251, 0.0005967691540718079, 0.0006182382931001484, 0.0008959125843830407, 0.0015312620671465993 ]

[ "Iran has filed a lawsuit against the United States alleging that Washington’s decision in May to impose sanctions after pulling out of a nuclear deal violates a 1955 treaty between the two countries, the International Court of Justice said on Tuesday.", "\n\nA US State Department official said the application was without merit and the United States would fight it in the court.", "\n\n“While we cannot comment on the specifics, Iran’s application is baseless and we intend to vigorously defend the United States before the ICJ,” a State Department official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, told Reuters.", "\n\nPresident Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the 2015 nuclear pact with Iran reached by his predecessor Barack Obama and other world powers, and ordered tough US sanctions on Tehran.", "\n\nUnder the 2015 deal, which Trump sees as flawed, Iran reined in its disputed nuclear program under UN monitoring and won a removal of international sanctions in return.", "\n\nThe ICJ, which is based in The Hague and is also known as the World Court, is the United Nations tribunal for resolving international disputes. ", "Iran’s filing asks the ICJ to order the United States to provisionally lift its sanctions ahead of more detailed arguments.", "\n\n“Iran is committed to the rule of law in the face of US contempt for diplomacy and legal obligations,” Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said in a tweet on Monday, referring to Tehran’s lawsuit at the ICJ.", "\n\nIran said in its filing that Trump’s move “has violated and continued to violate multiple provisions” of the Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights, signed long before the 1979 Islamic Revolution that ousted the US-allied shah and triggered decades of hostile relations with Washington.", "\n\nIn a lawsuit filed by Iran in 2016 based on the same 1955 treaty, Washington argued that the ICJ had no jurisdiction. ", "The court has scheduled hearings in that case in October.", "\n\nThe next step in Iran’s new lawsuit will be a hearing in which the United States is likely to contest whether it merits a provisional ruling. ", "The court has not yet set a date, but hearings on requests for provisional rulings usually are heard within several weeks, with a decision coming within months.", "\n\nAlthough the ICJ is the highest United Nations court and its decisions are binding, it has no power to enforce them, and countries - including the United States - have occasionally ignored them.", "\n\nThe specter of new US sanctions, particularly those meant to block oil exports that are the lifeline of Iran’s economy, has caused a rapid fall in the Iranian currency and triggered street protests over fears economic hardships will soon worsen.", "\n\nThe Trump administration has indicated it wants a new deal with Iran that would cover the Islamic Republic’s regional military activities and ballistic missile program.", "\n\nIran has said both are non-negotiable, and the other signatories to the 2015 nuclear deal including major European allies Britain, France and Germany, as well as Russia and China, remain committed to it." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0008770039421506226, 0.000738027214538306, 0.0007353436667472124, 0.0008122865692712367, 0.0007719053537584841, 0.0006454188260249794, 0.0007007642416283488, 0.0009434219682589173, 0.0008430471061728895, 0.0007149694138206542, 0.0005659843445755541, 0.0012389200273901224, 0.0005475124344229698, 0.0007154911290854216, 0.0015290945302695036, 0.0006749960593879223, 0.0016030716942623258 ]

[ "Frutarom (UK) Ltd fined after two health and safety breaches\n\nFood flavourings company Frutarom (UK) Ltd has been fined after two separate health and safety breaches.", "\n\nColchester Magistrates Court heard how the company was prosecuted following two separate Health and Safety Executive (HSE) investigations into incidents at Frutarom’s premises.", "\n\nIn October 2016 a worker at the company’s Hartlepool factory was emptying a part-finished product from a drum into two smaller containers when the toxic gas hydrogen sulphide was released from the liquid being decanted.", "\n\nIn June 2017 an agency worker lost four of his fingers when his hand came into contact with mixing blades inside a mixing machine.", "\n\nHSE’s investigation into the 2016 incident found that Frutarom had used hydrogen sulphide gas as part of the manufacturing process for several years. ", "They had danger warnings about the gas on their work instructions but did not instruct workers to carry out industry standard practices to safely remove the gas.", "\n\nA HSE investigation following the 2017 incident found that the company failed to prevent access into the discharge chute of the machine after failing to identify this as a risk. ", "The company was not aware of the significance of a grille cover on the discharge chute which, had it been fixed to the machine or interlocked, would have prevented the incident from occurring.", "\n\nRelating to the incident in October 2016, Frutarom (UK) Ltd of Riverside Avenue West, Lawford, Manningtree, Essex pleaded guilty to breaching Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. ", "Act 1974. ", "The company was fined £60,000 and ordered to pay costs of £5,603.90.", "\n\nRelating to the incident in July 2017, the company pleaded guilty to breaching Section 3(1) of Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. ", "It was fined £100,000 and ordered to pay costs of £3,992.51.", "\n\nHSE inspector Edward Crick said: “The injuries sustained by the employee after the incident in July 2017 would have been prevented had a suitable and sufficient risk assessment been undertaken.", "\n\n“Sadly, the company missed probably the most significant hazard associated with the use of the machine and therefore failed to take any appropriate action to eliminate the risk.”", "\n\nHSE inspector Julian Nettleton said: “It was fortunate that no one was harmed following the release of hydrogen sulphide in October 2016.", "\n\n“Frutarom knew about the hazards of handling this chemical but had not sufficiently considered the specific risks from the task which workers were routinely carrying out.", "\n\n“Companies should ensure all tasks which expose employees to risk are suitably risk assessed. ", "HSE will not hesitate to take appropriate enforcement action against those that fall significantly below the required standards.”", "\n\nNotes to Editors:\n\nThe Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is Britain’s national regulator for workplace health and safety. ", "We prevent work-related death, injury and ill health through regulatory actions that range from influencing behaviours across whole industry sectors through to targeted interventions on individual businesses. ", "These activities are supported by globally recognised scientific expertise. ", "hse.gov.uk\n\nHydrogen sulphide exposure has been linked to fatal accidents, particularly in the offshore oil gas, waste recycling and farming industries. ", "Further information and guidance on handing hazardous substances in the workplace is available on the HSE website. (", "http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/basics/whatdo.htm)\n\nHydrogen sulphide is a toxic gas that can kill. ", "It is often associated with rotting waste and farm slurry but is commonly used in the chemical industry. ", "The ‘rotten eggs’ smell of the gas is often noticed well below levels that cause harm, if the air contains enough of the gas the nose becomes overloaded and you cannot smell it." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006495292182080448, 0.0006104108178988099, 0.0007439423934556544, 0.0006287753349170089, 0.0007259376579895616, 0.0009260450606234372, 0.0007539672660641372, 0.0006735217175446451, 0.0006130014080554247, 0.0008359712664969265, 0.0007526546251028776, 0.0006829710328020155, 0.0009542237967252731, 0.0006203035009093583, 0.0006393275689333677, 0.0007467000395990908, 0.0005967774195596576, 0.0006421767175197601, 0.0007014083093963563, 0.0006160379271022975, 0.0008146639447659254, 0.0005347547703422606, 0.0013771619414910674, 0.0005211338284425437, 0.0981898084282875, 0.010762576945126057, 0.0031032219994813204 ]

[ "Google Apps is one of the favorite tools used by the enterprise. ", "After all, there are more than 5 million users using it — it’s definitely useful for smaller businesses that want enterprise services either on a budget or with flexibility. ", "As every company knows, the cloud is not faultless and it is sensible to employ a backup option in case of an outage or glitch.", "\n\nTake the recent outages with Google earlier this week. ", "Imagine if that was for a prolonged period of time. ", "And what if the rules of the game changed, like with Google announcing that it was ceasing to offer its Google Apps service for free in place of a “paid for experience”. ", "Protecting and backing up data is extremely critical.", "\n\nOne of the backup options out there, Spanning Cloud Apps, released an update giving more controls in how data is archived and stored. ", "Today, Backupify has a number of updates to help improve the backup and storage process for businesses operating in the cloud.", "\n\nCalled Backupify’s “Winter Release 2012″, the company says that the intent is to meet the needs of large organizations who use Google Apps, but also have “more complex internal structures, legal requirements, and subdomains.” ", "What users will find is that the service now comes with additional administrative controls, along with a centralized interface to help manage all critical data that’s stored in the cloud.", "\n\nSome of the features that its 5,000 customers will find in the update include:\n\nMultiple administrator management: Grants enterprise companies the ability to create multiple admin accounts across various departments, locations, and business lines. ", "It gives them the rights to add new users or begin a restore function or export data on behalf of another user.", "\n\nAudit logs: Being able to monitor what’s going on with the data and what’s being backed up is really important for any administrator. ", "Backupify now provides comprehensive audit logs that includes action type, descriptions, username, IP address, and timestamp.", "\n\nSubdomain management: No longer will enterprise companies need to be restricted to backing up data from just one domain. ", "Now, if there are multiple Google Apps subdomains, it can be stored within one Backupify account.", "\n\nAccording to Rob May, Backupify’s CEO, companies are taking notice when it comes to backing up data:\n\nLarger organizations like the Museum of Modern Art, the Financial Times, Jawbone, Park Hotels and Auberge Resorts, and leading academic institutions like Berklee College of Music and Rice University trust Backupify to safeguard their Google Apps data. ", "As we work with these organizations to ensure they always have a secure second copy of their data, we’ve developed better tools that give more control to the administrator while managing multiple sets of daily backups.", "\n\nFounded in 2008, Backupify has hit some major milestones this year. ", "It has signed up its one-millionth account and there are over 700 million items being stored for safekeeping on Backupify’s servers.", "\n\nCompanies who are interested in Backupify will find that its pricing structure is broken up into two plans: Enterprise and Enterprise Plus. ", "With the former, the cost is $4 per user and requires a minimum of 25 users with unlimited storage. ", "In the latter plan, companies are allowed unlimited users with up to 1 TB of data for $990 per month and has the ability to purchase more storage as needed. ", "Another option, the Professional plan, costs $3 per user with a minimum of 1 user and up to 35 GB of storage per user.", "\n\nFor those wanting to gently dip their toes, Backupify offers a free trial." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.000610395974945277, 0.0005849336739629507, 0.0007788560469634831, 0.000760318769607693, 0.0005860983510501683, 0.0006456997361965477, 0.000604084983933717, 0.0005809623398818076, 0.000572934455703944, 0.0005921850679442286, 0.0005528666661120951, 0.0006240020738914609, 0.0007525599794462323, 0.0006462916499003768, 0.0006182586657814682, 0.0007212756900116801, 0.0007096010376699269, 0.0006231780280359089, 0.0005953600048087537, 0.0006192319560796022, 0.0007177622755989432, 0.0005598218995146453, 0.0006153014837764204, 0.0005330246058292687, 0.0005934303626418114, 0.0007440930930897593 ]

[ "Weekly Journal - August update approaching...and more\n\nHey all,\n\nWe are getting closer to August and to the next update! ", "Things are very busy in the office in every department getting ready for the release and you know...we may or may not have some surprises coming up too ;)\n\nToday’s weekly is not a big one because a lot of the team members are working on story content which as you know will be revealed in the final release! ", "But we do have a new dev update video from one of our animators on our rigging process!", "\n\nAnimation Team\n\nRémi\n\nHello people! ", "That was my video, hope you liked it!", "\n\nThis week was once again a busy week. ", "I spent some time with Clara to make the timelapse video of some rigging and explain to you a bit more about it. ", "It’s a very short video and couldn’t explain in full details, but I hope it’s a bit clearer for some of you. ", "Apart from the video, I got to do more rigging and bug fixes. ", "Some issues with the facial animations of our beloved Johnny Bolton and a scripted animation for an upcoming encounter.", "\n\nMike P\n\nHey folks! ", "This week I animated some NPC reactions and am working on some stuff to make Wellington Wells feel more inhabited and make the overall experience more immersive. ", "Don’t think I can say much more than that. ", "Overall a productive week :D\n\nJules\n\nThis week I made some gameplay animation for a very cool character who is going to kill you many times! ", "But if you are victorious, I think you will enjoy watching him suffer and die (If my job was done right haha). ", "I made a couple of other animations to give him more personality. ", "It was a very productive week with very cool stuff to do. ", "You’ll meet our new friend in the next update.", "\n\nDesign Team\n\nEric the Red\n\nSoooo, bug fixes for old and new encounters. ", "Fixed a few issues inside of the Tree House. ", "In regards to characters giving each other things, and facial animations being wonky. ", "Well Rémi fixed the facial animations, I just took credit for them by hooking up the VO. ", "Still working on my bug fixes for “It’s a Terrible Life”. ", "So in the near future that one should be fully operational.", "\n\nRoxanne\n\nThis week I refactored Cult of Jack and Mushroom Log quests. ", "Some content integration on Lovebirds as well.", "\n\nAdam\n\nJust got back this week from paternity. ", "Anyways. ", "I added a few new barks to the beginning of the game to set the mood of the garden district, and guide the player just a bit. ", "I also worked on Jubilator Attacks. ", "It’s pretty awesome to see a massive Jubilator come after your soul.", "\n\nAll bridges used to be gated behind a hard load screen. ", "I got rid of that now that we have a more elegant streaming solution. ", "Lastly, I worked on some variations of some sections for story mode.", "\n\nArt Team\n\nCarylitz\n\nThis week I did a lot of different tasks such as kit bashing new props, had some meetings for some new props and awesome machines but mostly I kept working on a location and now it is in Antonio’s hands to make all the final adjustments! ", "It was a really awesome location to work on, I can't wait to be able to share with you guys some renders of the place, and the props! ", ":O\n\nProgramming Team\n\nRob and Chris (SnowedIn)\n\nThis week we've continued to tweak and improve our HDR integration on the XBox. ", "HDR support on UWP has also begun, and we will be getting some support from Nvidia for this effort. ", "We are also in the process of switching the movie player over from WmfMedia to VpxMedia on all platforms to play VP9 encoded WEBM files instead of MP4s. ", "This has been working for the intro video and we have also been changing the between-level static loadscreens to play video during those loads as well. ", "This is somewhat functional now, but just tracking down an occasional related crash. ", "The good news about this change of video systems is that the previous (WmfMedia) system was not compatible with UWP, but the new one is.", "\n\nEvan (SnowedIn)\n\nI did some tweaks and fix ups to the crafting screen that Clara was asking for, and I finished the placeholder version of the map screen legend. ", "I'm currently working on the new UI for the fast travel, and I have the placeholder location selection mostly done.", "\n\nThanks for tuning in!", "\n\nCompulsion\n\nDiscuss this post here" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006744401762261987, 0.0005741682252846658, 0.0006084623746573925, 0.0008795588510110974, 0.0009884127648547292, 0.0009240456274710596, 0.0006351228803396225, 0.0005958816618658602, 0.000852480938192457, 0.00065079634077847, 0.001252037356607616, 0.0005691628321073949, 0.0007158147636801004, 0.4862171411514282, 0.555415153503418, 0.0007451444398611784, 0.0005617688875645399, 0.0006085556815378368, 0.0018366220174357295, 0.0006163868238218129, 0.0006597170722670853, 0.0006503784679807723, 0.013987787067890167, 0.0005814761389046907, 0.0008299442124553025, 0.000562748231459409, 0.0025646102149039507, 0.00104930205270648, 0.0005672299885191023, 0.005615524481981993, 0.8397193551063538, 0.0007356650312431157, 0.0006191888824105263, 0.0005295365117490292, 0.0007269175839610398, 0.000718631490599364, 0.0007151731406338513, 0.0005758595652878284, 0.0007385273929685354, 0.0005951738567091525, 0.0005725552910007536, 0.0005889218882657588, 0.000606684829108417, 0.0005403545219451189, 0.0007079677889123559, 0.0006774310604669154 ]

[ "---\nauthor:\n- 'Oki Gunawan, Jason Kristiano, and Hendra Kwee'\ntitle: 'Supplementary Material: A Magnetic Tip Trap System'\n---\n\nA. Magnetic Field Calculation {#a.-magnetic-field-calculation .unnumbered}\n=============================\n\nWe will calculate the magnetic field along the principal axis ($z$) of a pair of magnetic tips as shown in Fig.", " 1(a) in the main text. ", "First we consider a single magnetic tip as shown in Fig.", " \\[fig:FigS1\\](a). ", "The magnetic tip system can be modeled as a semi-infinite cylindrical section and a conical tip. ", "The magnet has a uniform magnetization ${\\bf M}$ with direction along the principal axis pointing toward the tip. ", "The tip is located at $z=a$, the conic has radius $R$ and “facet angle” $\\theta$ with respect to horizontal, as shown in Fig.", " \\[fig:FigS1\\].", "\n\nFirst consider the conical tip that has bound surface current element at $z=u$ due to the magnetization. ", "The surface current forms a current loop with radius $r = (u-a) \\cot\\theta$, that produces magnetic field:\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\nd{\\bf B_c} &=& \\frac{\\mu_0}{2} \\frac{r^2 ~dI}{(r^2 + \\Delta z^2)^{3/2}} (- {\\bf \\hat{z}}) \\nonumber\\\\\n&=& \\frac{\\mu_0}{2} \\frac{(u-a)^2 \\cot^2\\theta ~dI}{[(u-a)^2 \\cot^2\\theta + (u-z)^2]^{3/2}} (- {\\bf \\hat{z}}).\\end{aligned}$$\n\n![(", "a) A magnetic tip trap model. (", "b) Current loop on the cone surface.[]{data-label=\"fig:FigS1\"}](myfigs1.jpg){width=\"70.00000%\"}\n\nThe surface current element on the conical surface can be calculated as: ${\\bf K_b}= {\\bf M}\\cross{\\bf \\hat{n}}$ where ${\\bf \\hat{n}}$ is the surface normal. ", "The current element is given as: $dI = K_b ~dS$, where $K = M \\sin\\theta$ and $dS = du/\\sin\\theta$. As a result, the current element is equal to $dI = M ~du$. The magnetic field produced by the conical tip is given by:\n\n$${\\bf B_c}(z) = - \\frac{\\mu_0 M}{2} \\int_a^{a+R \\tan\\theta} \\frac{(u-a)^2 \\cot^2\\theta ~du}{[(u-a)^2 \\cot^2\\theta + (u-z)^2]^{3/2}}{\\bf \\hat{z}}.$$\n\nThe integral yields analytical result: $$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\bf B_c}(z) &=& - \\frac{\\mu_0 M}{2} {\\bf \\hat{z}} \\left[ \\frac{(a-z) \\sin^2\\theta \\cos\\theta - R \\cos 2\\theta \\sin\\theta}{\\sqrt{R^2 + (a-z)^2 \\cos^2\\theta + R(a-z) \\sin 2\\theta}} - \\cos^2\\theta \\sin\\theta ~\\mathrm{arctanh}(\\sin\\theta) \\right. ", "\\nonumber\\\\\n&& \\left. ", "\\cos^2\\theta \\sin\\theta ~\\mathrm{arctanh} \\left( \\frac{R + (a-z) \\sin\\theta \\cos\\theta}{\\sqrt{R^2 + (a-z)^2 \\cos^2\\theta + R(a-z) \\sin 2\\theta}} \\right) - \\sin^2\\theta \\right].\\end{aligned}$$\n\nNext we calculate the magnetic field due to the cylindrical sheath, which is straightforward. ", "Consider a bound surface current element at $z = u$ with radius $R$ and current $dI = M ~du$, as in Fig. ", "\\[fig:FigS2\\]. ", "The magnetic field produced by magnet sheath is given by:\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\bf B_s}(z) &=& - \\frac{\\mu_0 M}{2} {\\bf \\hat{z}} \\int_{a+R \\tan\\theta}^\\infty \\frac{R^2 ~du}{[R^2 + (u-z)^2]^{3/2}} \\nonumber\\\\\n&=& - \\frac{\\mu_0 M}{2} {\\bf \\hat{z}} \\left[ 1 + \\frac{z - a - R \\tan\\theta}{\\sqrt{R^2 + (a + R \\tan\\theta -z)^2}} \\right]\\end{aligned}$$\n\n![", "Magnetic field produced by the cylindrical sheath.[]{data-label=\"fig:FigS2\"}](myfigs2.jpg){width=\"40.00000%\"}\n\nTotal magnetic field due to the conical tip and the sheath is given as:\n\n$$\\begin{aligned}\n{\\bf B_1}(z) &=& - \\frac{\\mu_0 M}{2} {\\bf \\hat{z}} \\left[ \\cos^2\\theta [1 - \\sin\\theta ~\\mathrm{arctanh}(\\sin\\theta)] + \\right. ", "\\nonumber\\\\\n&& \\left. ", "\\cos^2\\theta \\sin\\theta ~\\mathrm{arctanh} \\left[ \\frac{R + (a-z) \\sin\\theta \\cos\\theta}{\\sqrt{R^2 + (a-z)^2 \\cos^2\\theta + R(a-z) \\sin 2\\theta}} \\right] + \\right. ", "\\nonumber\\\\\n&& \\left. ", "\\frac{z-a-R \\tan\\theta}{\\sqrt{R^2 + (a-z+ R \\tan\\theta)^2}} + \\frac{(a-z) \\sin^2\\theta \\cos\\theta - R \\cos 2\\theta \\sin\\theta}{\\sqrt{R^2 + (a-z)^2 \\cos^2\\theta + R(a-z) \\sin 2\\theta}} \\right].\\end{aligned}$$\n\nFinally, by exploiting the symmetry of the problem, the total magnetic field of the upper and lower magnetic tip is given as:\n\n$${\\bf B_T}(z) = {\\bf B_1}(z) - {\\bf B_1}(-z).", "\n\\label{eq:EqB_T}$$\n\nB. Trap Frequency and Optimum Facet Angle {#b.-trap-frequency-and-optimum-facet-angle .unnumbered}\n=========================================\n\nThe total trap potential per unit volume of trapped-object along $z$ can be approximated as harmonic potential due to magnetic interaction plus gravitational term:\n\n$$U_T(z) = \\frac{1}{2}k_z z^2 + \\rho g z$$\n\nwhere $k_z$ is the “spring constant” per unit volume: $$k_z = \\frac{\\partial^2 U_M}{\\partial z^2}$$ and $U_M$ is the magnetic energy potential per unit volume given as: $$U_M(z) = -\\frac{\\chi B_T^2(z)}{2 \\mu_0}.$$\n\nUsing $B_T$ calculated from Eq.", " \\[eq:EqB\\_T\\], we can obtain $k_z$ in a surprisingly compact form: $$k_z = - \\frac{\\chi \\mu_0 M^2 R^4 \\cos^6\\theta (a + R \\tan\\theta)^2}{a^2 (R^2 + a^2 \\cos^2\\theta + a R \\sin 2\\theta)^3}.$$\n\nCondition $dk_z/d\\theta = 0$ implies the optimum facet angle $\\theta_{max}$ is obtained for $\\theta$ that satisfies: $$\\frac{d}{d\\theta} \\left[ \\frac{\\cos^6 \\theta (a+R \\tan\\theta)^2}{(R^2 + a^2 \\cos^2 \\theta + aR \\sin 2\\theta)^3} \\right] = 0.$$\n\nBy using $\\eta = a/R$, the equation which is satisfied by $\\theta_{max}$ is: $$(9+4\\eta^2+4\\eta^4) \\cos^4\\theta_{max} - (12+8\\eta^2) \\cos^2\\theta_{max} + 4 = 0.$$\n\nThis yields solution for $\\theta_{max}$ as: $$\\theta_{max} = \\arccos \\sqrt{\\frac{2(3 + 2\\eta^2 + 2\\sqrt{2}\\eta)} {9+4\\eta^2+4\\eta^4}}.$$\n\nIn the limit of small gap $(a \\ll R)$, the optimum facet angle reduces to a very simple expression: $$\\theta_{max} \\approx \\arccos \\sqrt{2/3} = 35.3\\degree.$$\n\nC. Magnetic Trap with Cylindrical Symmetry {#c.-magnetic-trap-with-cylindrical-symmetry .unnumbered}\n==========================================\n\nWe will try to find relationship between the axial and radial frequency of an object trapped in a magnetic trap with cylindrical symmetry. ", "First we consider the divergence-free property of the magnetic field: $\\nabla \\cdot {\\bf B}=0$ or equivalently the Gauss Law for magnetic field $\\oint{\\bf B \\cdot dA}=0$. For a magnetic field with cylindrical symmetry, the flux at the bottom of the cylinder is \\[32\\]: $$- \\int B_z (2 \\pi r) ~dr$$ and the flux at the top of the cylinder is: $$\\int (B_z + dB_z) (2\\pi r) ~dr.$$ At the cylindrical sheath, the magnetic flux is: $$B_r (2\\pi r) ~dz.$$ Total of the three component should be zero, so we have: $$- \\int B_z (2 \\pi r) ~dr + \\int (B_z + dB_z) (2\\pi r) ~dr + B_r (2\\pi r) ~dz = 0$$ $$B_r (r,z) = - \\frac{1}{r} \\int \\frac{\\partial B_z}{\\partial z} r ~dr\n\\label{eq:Brad}$$ A general form of $B_z$ near $z = z_0$ and $r = 0$ up to second order is given by: $$B_z (r,z) = b_0 + b_1 (z-z_0) + b_2 (z-z_0)^2 + b_3 r + b_4 r^2 + b_5 (z-z_0)r.$$ Now we can calculate : $$B_r (r,z) = -\\frac{1}{r} \\left[ \\frac{1}{2} b_1 r^2 + b_2 (z-z_0) r^2 + \\frac{1}{3} b_5 r^3 \\right] + c.$$ Constant $c$ is zero because boundary condition $B_r(0,z = 0)$. Since $\\nabla\\cross{\\bf B}=0$, both the axial and radial magnetic field must satisfy: $$\\frac{\\partial B_r}{\\partial z} - \\frac{\\partial B_z}{\\partial r} = 0,$$ $$-b_2 r - b_3 - 2 b_4 r - b_5 (z-z_0) = 0.$$ To make the equation consistent for all values of $r$ and $z$, the coefficients must be $b_3 = 0$, $b_5 =0$, and $b_4 = -b_2 /2$. Finally, we get both the axial and radial magnetic field up to second order: $$B_z (r,z) = b_0 + b_1 (z-z_0) + b_2 \\left[ (z-z_0)^2 - \\frac{r^2}{2} \\right],$$ $$B_r (r,z) = -\\frac{1}{2}b_1 r - b_2 (z-z_0) r.$$ Now we can calculate the ratio of the radial and the axial frequencies: $f_r/f_z= \\sqrt{k_r/k_z}$. The spring constant for the axial component: $$k_z=\\partial^2U_T/\\partial z^2 \\propto \\partial^2 B_z(r=0,z)^2/\\partial z^2 \\propto b_1^2$$ The spring constant for the radial component: $$k_r=\\partial^2U_T/\\partial r^2 \\propto \\partial^2 B_r(r,z=z_0)^2/\\partial r^2 \\propto (b_1/2)^2$$ Therefore, we have: $f_r/f_z= (b_1/2)/b1 = 1/2$.\n\nD. Critical Gap {#d.-critical-gap .unnumbered}\n===============\n\nIn order to find the critical gap, i.e. the gap beyond which there is no more confinement enhancement effect, we can expand the magnetic energy up to the fourth-order: $$U_M(z) \\approx - \\frac{\\chi}{8} \\mu_0 M^2 (\\alpha z^2 + \\beta z^4)$$ $$\\alpha = \\frac{32 R^4 \\cos^4\\theta (a \\cos\\theta + R \\sin\\theta)^2}{a^2 (a^2 + 2R^2 + a^2 \\cos 2\\theta + 2 a R \\sin 2\\theta)^3}$$ $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\beta &=& \\frac{8R^4 \\cos^4\\theta (a \\cos\\theta + R \\sin\\theta)}{3a^4 (a^2 + 2R^2 + a^2 \\cos 2\\theta + 2 a R \\sin 2\\theta)^5} \\left[ 2a (60a^4 + 47 a^2 R^2 + 28R^4) \\cos\\theta + \\right. ", "\\nonumber\\\\\n&& \\left. ", "a (60a^4 - 77 a^2 R^2 - 56R^4) \\cos 3\\theta + a^3 (12a^2 - 65R^2) \\cos 5\\theta + \\right. ", "\\nonumber\\\\\n&& \\left. ", "2R (44a^4 + 49a^2 R^2 + 16R^4) \\sin\\theta + 3a^2 R (44a^2 + 21R^2) \\sin 3\\theta + \\right. ", "\\nonumber\\\\\n&& \\left. ", "a^2 R (44a^2 - 35R^2) \\sin 5\\theta \\right] \\end{aligned}$$ The equilibrium height of diamond $z_0$ is the solution of: $$U_T(z_0) \\approx -\\frac{\\chi}{4} \\mu_0 M^2 \\alpha z_0 + \\rho g = 0,$$ so we can express $z_0$ in terms of $\\lambda_0 = |\\chi| \\mu_0 M^2 / \\rho g$ and $\\alpha$: $$z_0 = \\frac{4}{\\lambda_0 \\alpha}.$$ The spring constant up to leading order of $z_0$ is: $$\\begin{aligned}\nk_z(\\theta, z_0) &=& - \\frac{\\chi}{4} \\mu_0 M^2 (\\alpha + 6 \\beta {z_0}^2) \\nonumber\\\\\n&=& - \\frac{\\chi}{4} \\mu_0 M^2 \\left( \\alpha + \\frac{96\\beta}{\\lambda_0^2 \\alpha^2} \\right).\\end{aligned}$$ Confinement enhancement exists if there is an optimum angle $\\theta_{max}$ where the spring constant $k_z$ becomes maximum. ", "However there is a critical gap (or half-gap $a_c$) beyond which there is no $\\theta$ between 0 and 90$\\degree$ that yields maximum $k_z$. The condition for the critical gap is: $$\\frac{\\partial^2 k_z}{\\partial \\theta^2} = 0,$$ evaluated at optimum angle $\\theta_{max} = 35.3\\degree$. The relation between $a_c$, $R$, and $\\lambda_0$ to satisfy that condition is: $$-\\frac{7.108}{a^2} + \\frac{16.839}{aR} + \\frac{1295.442(R^2+0.021 \\lambda_0^2)}{R^2 \\lambda_0^2} = 0.$$ Hence, the solution for critical gap is: $$\\frac{a_c}{R} = \\frac{\\lambda_0 (\\sqrt{129.9R^2 + 3.74 \\lambda_0^2} - \\lambda_0)}{153.86R^2 + 3.24 \\lambda_0^2}.$$\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }

[ 0.0006465981714427471, 0.0006126950611360371, 0.0005506140296347439, 0.0007523929234594107, 0.0006084025953896344, 0.0007051440770737827, 0.0007381291361525655, 0.0008711058180779219, 0.0006297237705439329, 0.00847320444881916, 0.0007046856335364282, 0.0011395143810659647, 0.016529526561498642, 0.003153523663058877, 0.007699223700910807, 0.0007238914258778095, 0.0009392016800120473, 0.010607417672872543, 0.0011914217611774802, 0.003153523663058877, 0.15842828154563904, 0.003153523663058877, 0.00841686874628067, 0.005942877382040024, 0.008349384181201458, 0.003225059946998954, 0.003153523663058877, 0.005047233309596777, 0.003153523663058877, 0.018697215244174004, 0.003153523663058877, 0.014344174414873123, 0.007045628037303686 ]

[ "/*\nCopyright The Kubernetes Authors.", "\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\nyou may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\nYou may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.", "\n*/\n\n// Code generated by client-gen. ", "DO NOT EDIT.", "\n\npackage v1beta1\n\nimport (\n\trest \"k8s.io/client-go/rest\"\n)\n\n// TokenReviewsGetter has a method to return a TokenReviewInterface.", "\n// A group's client should implement this interface.", "\ntype TokenReviewsGetter interface {\n\tTokenReviews() TokenReviewInterface\n}\n\n// TokenReviewInterface has methods to work with TokenReview resources.", "\ntype TokenReviewInterface interface {\n\tTokenReviewExpansion\n}\n\n// tokenReviews implements TokenReviewInterface\ntype tokenReviews struct {\n\tclient rest.", "Interface\n}\n\n// newTokenReviews returns a TokenReviews\nfunc newTokenReviews(c *AuthenticationV1beta1Client) *tokenReviews {\n\treturn &tokenReviews{\n\t\tclient: c.RESTClient(),\n\t}\n}\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.000891042232979089, 0.0005655669956468046, 0.0005399590590968728, 0.0005530948983505368, 0.0006941695464774966, 0.002016739919781685, 0.0006902319146320224, 0.0005435017519630492, 0.0006509012309834361, 0.0010540838120505214, 0.00124864443205297 ]

[ "package org.stepik.android.cache.purchase_notification.dao\n\nimport android.content.", "ContentValues\nimport android.database.", "Cursor\nimport org.stepic.droid.storage.dao.", "DaoBase\nimport org.stepic.droid.storage.operations.", "DatabaseOperations\nimport org.stepic.droid.util.", "DateTimeHelper\nimport org.stepic.droid.util.getLong\nimport org.stepik.android.cache.purchase_notification.structure.", "DbStructurePurchaseNotification\nimport org.stepik.android.data.purchase_notification.model.", "PurchaseNotificationScheduled\nimport javax.inject.", "Inject\n\nclass PurchaseNotificationDaoImpl\n@Inject\nconstructor(databaseOperations: DatabaseOperations) : DaoBase<PurchaseNotificationScheduled>(databaseOperations), PurchaseNotificationDao {\n override fun getDefaultPrimaryColumn(): String =\n DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "COURSE_ID\n\n override fun getDbName(): String =\n DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "TABLE_NAME\n\n override fun getDefaultPrimaryValue(persistentObject: PurchaseNotificationScheduled): String =\n persistentObject.courseId.toString()\n\n override fun getContentValues(persistentObject: PurchaseNotificationScheduled): ContentValues =\n ContentValues(2).apply {\n put(DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "COURSE_ID, persistentObject.courseId)\n put(DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "SCHEDULED_TIME, persistentObject.scheduledTime)\n }\n\n override fun parsePersistentObject(cursor: Cursor): PurchaseNotificationScheduled =\n PurchaseNotificationScheduled(\n cursor.getLong(DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "COURSE_ID),\n cursor.getLong(DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "SCHEDULED_TIME)\n )\n\n override fun getClosestScheduledNotification(): PurchaseNotificationScheduled? ", "=\n rawQuery(\"SELECT * FROM $dbName WHERE ${DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "SCHEDULED_TIME} > ${DateTimeHelper.nowUtc()} \" +\n \"ORDER BY ${DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "SCHEDULED_TIME} LIMIT 1\", null) {\n return@rawQuery if (it.moveToFirst()) {\n parsePersistentObject(it)\n } else {\n null\n }\n }\n\n override fun getClosestExpiredScheduledNotification(): PurchaseNotificationScheduled? ", "=\n rawQuery(\"SELECT * FROM $dbName WHERE ${DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "SCHEDULED_TIME} < ${DateTimeHelper.nowUtc()} \" +\n \"ORDER BY ${DbStructurePurchaseNotification.", "Columns.", "SCHEDULED_TIME} DESC LIMIT 1\", null) {\n return@rawQuery if (it.moveToFirst()) {\n parsePersistentObject(it)\n } else {\n null\n }\n }\n}" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0008217134745791554, 0.0007663752767257392, 0.0012392215430736542, 0.0010376257123425603, 0.001350450562313199, 0.0010769350919872522, 0.0008413189207203686, 0.0010396045399829745, 0.0016113267047330737, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.0008024287526495755, 0.001229440444149077, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.001506469794549048, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.0012111351825296879, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.000765436387155205, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.0008991610375232995, 0.0007411742117255926, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.0008910218602977693, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.0018904372118413448, 0.0007411742117255926, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.0008885902934707701, 0.0007133169565349817, 0.003156081773340702 ]

[ "Structure of an exocellular polysaccharide produced by Streptococcus thermophilus.", "\nStreptococcus thermophilus strains grown on skimmed milk produced a viscosifying, exocellular, and water-soluble polysaccharide which contains D-glucose, D-galactose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine in the ratio of 1:2:1. ", "Methylation analysis identified the glycosidic linkages in the tetrasaccharidic repeating-unit, and Smith degradation and nitrous deamination after N-deacetylation gave the sequence of monosaccharides in the repeating-unit. ", "The anomeric configurations of the sugar residues were determined by oxidation of the peracetylated polysaccharide with chromium trioxide and by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. ", "spectroscopy. ", "The following structure was assigned to the repeating unit of the polysaccharide,----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----3)-[alpha-D-Galp-(1----6)]-beta- D- Glcp-(1----3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1----." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0013404205674305558, 0.0016416837461292744, 0.000746413366869092, 0.0007442611386068165, 0.0008581500733271241, 0.0006483645993284881 ]

[ "Homeless World Cup to be played in Glasgow this summer Published duration 15 February 2016\n\nimage copyright Thinkstock image caption Washinton DC played host to the tournament in 2010, where Brazil were crowned winners\n\nThe Homeless World Cup will be played in Glasgow for the first time this summer.", "\n\nThe football tournament for men and women who have no fixed address will run for seven days from 10 July.", "\n\nGeorge Square will be transformed into three football pitches with seating for an estimated 100,000 spectators.", "\n\nA total of 51 countries are expected to take part in the competition, which first took place in Graz, Austria in 2003.", "\n\nUp to 100,000 spectators are expected to attend the tournament, which will see 64 teams compete.", "\n\nEntry is free and tickets are not required.", "\n\nimage copyright PA image caption Italy beat Poland 3-2 to win the tournament in Edinburgh in 2005\n\nMel Young, the president of the Homeless World Cup Foundation, said Glasgow will be an \"amazing\" host city.", "\n\nHe said: \"This is significantly more than a football tournament - it's a real celebration of optimism.", "\n\n\"We will have 512 players with us, and every single one of them is at some stage of their journey towards a more stable future.", "\n\n\"We want people to come to George Square in their tens of thousands this July, and feel that sense of optimism, and to be inspired by it.", "\n\n\"Knowing Glasgow as we do, there are surely few better places in the world to celebrate our movement.\"", "\n\nEdinburgh hosted the event in 2005 and Scotland's men's team won the trophy in 2007 and 2011.", "\n\nOrganisers claim it has the power to change the lives of the participants who are selected to represent their country.", "\n\nimage copyright Thinkstock image caption The defending champions are Mexico, who won in Amstrdam in 2015\n\nPrevious winners of the Homeless World Cup\n\nMen's tournament\n\n2015 Mexico\n\n2014 Chile\n\n2013 Brazil\n\n2012 Chile\n\n2011 Scotland\n\n2010 Brazil\n\n2009 Ukraine\n\n2008 Afghanistan\n\nWomen's tournament\n\n2015 Mexico\n\n2014 Chile\n\n2013 Mexico\n\n2012 Mexico\n\n2011 Kenya\n\n2010 Brazil\n\n2008 Zambia\n\nSource: www.homelessworldcup.org\n\nStreet Soccer Scotland, founded in 2009, is the organisation which represents Team Scotland at the Homeless World Cup each year.", "\n\nThe programme delivers football-related personal development and training sessions for around 1,000 socially disadvantaged people every week.", "\n\nIts founder and chief executive David Duke said: \"It's great to offer our players, who will be selected from the many thousands who take part in our hundreds of football programmes across the country, with an opportunity to represent their country on home turf.\"", "\n\nGlasgow City Council depute leader Archie Graham, who was responsible within the council for the delivery of the 2014 Commonwealth Games, said: \"Sport changes lives - we know that from experience in Glasgow.", "\n\n\"It inspires and connects with people on so many levels and the Homeless World Cup is the perfect example of that.", "\n\n\"It raises awareness of the challenges faced by many people in communities across the world, but more than that, it shows what can be achieved by working together.\"" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0005803826497867703, 0.0007643375429324806, 0.000632062554359436, 0.00054272630950436, 0.0005611352971754968, 0.0006833883817307651, 0.0005734622245654464, 0.0005939495167694986, 0.0005263794446364045, 0.000522400310728699, 0.0005490501644089818, 0.000614812015555799, 0.0006647323025390506, 0.0006098298472352326, 0.0005513994256034493, 0.0005357792833819985, 0.0006149957189336419, 0.0005619432195089757, 0.0005189807270653546 ]

[ "Microsoft may not be talking officially about Windows Phone 8, at least not yet. ", "However, that isn't stopping other companies from talking about Microsoft's next major mobile OS and Verizon Wireless has already confirmed it plans to release Windows Phone 8 devices. ", "Earlier this week, a Sprint executive said that the company is \"bullish\" on Windows Phone 8.", "\n\nNow you can add Cricket Wireless to the list of companies that is strongly hinting about its plans to release Windows Phone 8 smartphones. ", "PCMag quotes Matt Stoiber, Cricket's senior vice president for devices, as saying, \"We have not committed to Windows Phone 8, but we're likely to soon. ", "I've seen Windows Phone 8, and it's pretty impressive.\"", "\n\nCricket Wireless is currently the sixth biggest wireless carrier in the US with over 6 million users. ", "The company currently does not sell a Windows Phone device; it only offers Android and Blackberry smartphones.", "\n\nStoiber wouldn't say which Windows Phone 8 phone makers would be sold on Cricket Wireless. ", "Even with sales of Blackberry phones on the decline, Stoiber said, \" ... we'll continue to have a BlackBerry product\" in the future.", "\n\nWith Verizon confirmed and Sprint and Cricket very likely to join in, it looks like there will be a lot of options for Windows Phone 8 when it launches, most likely this fall." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0005887103034183383, 0.0006430151406675577, 0.005764609668403864, 0.0006299326778389513, 0.0006114132120274007, 0.0005612733075395226, 0.0007980999653227627, 0.0007547123241238296, 0.0006920204614289105, 0.0006017725681886077, 0.0005936179077252746 ]

[ "From science to action: Principles for undertaking environmental research that enables knowledge exchange and evidence-based decision-making.", "\nEffective conservation requires knowledge exchange among scientists and decision-makers to enable learning and support evidence-based decision-making. ", "Efforts to improve knowledge exchange have been hindered by a paucity of empirically-grounded guidance to help scientists and practitioners design and implement research programs that actively facilitate knowledge exchange. ", "To address this, we evaluated the Ningaloo Research Program (NRP), which was designed to generate new scientific knowledge to support evidence-based decisions about the management of the Ningaloo Marine Park in north-western Australia. ", "Specifically, we evaluated (1) outcomes of the NRP, including the extent to which new knowledge informed management decisions; (2) the barriers that prevented knowledge exchange among scientists and managers; (3) the key requirements for improving knowledge exchange processes in the future; and (4) the core capacities that are required to support knowledge exchange processes. ", "While the NRP generated expansive and multidisciplinary science outputs directly relevant to the management of the Ningaloo Marine Park, decision-makers are largely unaware of this knowledge and little has been integrated into decision-making processes. ", "A range of barriers prevented efficient and effective knowledge exchange among scientists and decision-makers including cultural differences among the groups, institutional barriers within decision-making agencies, scientific outputs that were not translated for decision-makers and poor alignment between research design and actual knowledge needs. ", "We identify a set of principles to be implemented routinely as part of any applied research program, including; (i) stakeholder mapping prior to the commencement of research programs to identify all stakeholders, (ii) research questions to be co-developed with stakeholders, (iii) implementation of participatory research approaches, (iv) use of a knowledge broker, and (v) tailored knowledge management systems. ", "Finally, we articulate the individual, institutional and financial capacities that must be developed to underpin successful knowledge exchange strategies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0005697677843272686, 0.0005559661658480763, 0.0005886390572413802, 0.0005599852302111685, 0.0005420749075710773, 0.0006073499098420143, 0.0006162114441394806, 0.0005386369884945452, 0.0005625983467325568 ]

[ "Активист Либертарианской партии Дмитрий Клепиков, которого накануне задержали и этапировали в Смоленск, держал выходной узел сети Tor, рассказал «Медиазоне» член партии Кирилл Самодуров.", "\n\nАктивист сообщил «Медиазоне», что дело, которое возбудили против Клепикова, аналогично делу Дмитрия Богатова, обвиняемого по делу о призывах к терроризму и попытке организации массовых беспорядков. ", "По его словам, Клепиков, как и математик, поддерживал выходной узел сети Tor — это означает, что любой пользователь сети может получить зарегистрированный на него IP-адрес.", "\n\nКак рассказал активист, неустановленный пользователь Tor совершил противоправное действие с IP-адреса Клепикова. ", "Самодуров утверждает, что никакой другой связи с Клепиковым, кроме IP-адреса, у следствия нет. ", "Сам активист отрицает свою вину.", "\n\nСамодуров подчеркнул, что в интересах подозреваемого защита пока не оглашает статью, по которой против него возбудили уголовное дело. ", "Активист также уточнил, что Клепикова задержали не за противоправную публикацию, а противоправную «коммуникацию» в интернете. ", "13 февраля суд определит меру пресечения задержанному.", "\n\nНакануне стало известно, что следователь пришел домой к Клепикову в поселке Молодь Московской области и сообщил, что в отношении него возбудили уголовное дело «в связи с публикацией в социальной сети». ", "При этом следователь не уточнил, по какой статье и за какую публикацию возбудили дело. ", "При обыске у Клепикова изъяли всю технику.", "\n\nПосле этого активиста этапировали в изолятор временного содержания в Смоленске, где возбудили дело. ", "Активист отмечал, что никак не связан со Смоленском и никогда не был там зарегистрирован.", "\n\nМатематика Дмитрия Богатова задержали в начале апреля 2017 года по делу о призывах к участию в акции 2 апреля, публиковавшихся на форуме SysAdmins.ru. ", "Защита подчеркивала, что математик Богатов — оператор выходного узла сети Tor, и, следовательно, с его IP-адреса публиковались сообщения любого пользователя этой сети. ", "Кроме того, во время публикации одного из призывов математик был с супругой в магазине.", "\n\nВ конце января 2018 года проведенная экспертиза подтвердила непричастность математика Богатова к призывам к терроризму, позже его отпустили под подписку о невыезде. ", "До этого математик провел несколько месяцев в СИЗО, а с июля 2017 года находился под домашним арестом." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0047470987774431705, 0.0015621113125234842, 0.00260776630602777, 0.0016990643925964832, 0.0016816770657896996, 0.002859060186892748, 0.003046570345759392, 0.00171438860706985, 0.001121601089835167, 0.0016442656051367521, 0.0023724581114947796, 0.0011981072602793574, 0.0028101918287575245, 0.0022941420320421457, 0.005297807045280933, 0.0028291174676269293, 0.005193805787712336, 0.002138423966243863, 0.0021424642764031887 ]

[ "Celsus (disambiguation)\n\nCelsus may refer to:\n\n Celsus (or Kelsos), an opponent of Christianity quoted by Origen\n Aulus Cornelius Celsus (c. 25 BC – c. 50 AD), an encyclopedist best known for his medical writings\n Aulus Marius Celsus, a Roman senator whose career began under Nero\n Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus, commonly known as Celsus (ca. ", "45 – before ca. ", "120); Roman senator, consul. ", "Ephesus\n Publius Juventius Celsus (AD 67– AD 130), a Roman jurist, praetor, governor, consul\n Tiberius Julius Candidus Marius Celsus, aka Tiberius Julius Candidus; a Roman senator who lived during the Flavian dynasty.", "\n Saint Celsus (aka Celestinus or Cellach of Armagh), 1080–1129 AD); archbishop of Armagh\n Celsus and Marcionilla early Christian martyrs (in the time of Diocletian); Celsus, young son of Marcionilla.", "\n Celsus, a martyr; see Nazarius and Celsus: bodies discovered by Saint Ambrose.", "\n Celsus (usurper) (a.k.a. ", "Titus Cornelius Celsus), a fictional Roman usurper, who supposedly rebelled against Gallienus. ", "One of the Thirty Tyrants of Trebellius Pollio\n Library of Celsus\n\nSee also \n Celsius (disambiguation)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0012843735748901963, 0.0008080755360424519, 0.0007738721906207502, 0.0017910549649968743, 0.0013376723509281874, 0.001091875252313912, 0.0035705023910850286, 0.004802173934876919, 0.0026108180172741413 ]

[ "Nikolay Minev\n\nNikolay (or Nikolai) Nikolaev Minev (, 8 November 1931 – 10 March 2017) was a Bulgarian chess International Master (IM) and noted chess author.", "\n\nMinev was born on 8 November 1931, in Rousse, Bulgaria. ", "He was awarded the IM title by FIDE in 1960. ", " He was the champion of Bulgaria in 1953, 1965, and 1966. ", " He played for Bulgaria in the Chess Olympiad six times (1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962, and 1966). ", " Minev's best international results were: third at Varna in 1960, second at Warsaw in 1961, tie for first at Sombor in 1966, and second at Albena in 1975. ", "He contributed to early editions of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings and the Encyclopaedia of Chess Endings (see Chess endgame literature). ", " Minev and his wife emigrated to the United States in the mid-1980s and settled in Seattle, Washington. ", "He was associated with Grandmaster Yasser Seirawan and his magazine Inside Chess in the 1980s and 1990s.", "\n\nHe died on 10 March 2017 in Seattle.", "\n\nBooks\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAn extensive interview with Nikolay Minev, including personal recollections about the many champions he played over the course of his illustrious career: http://derricksblog.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/my-interview-with-nikolay-minev/\n\nbio\n\nCategory:1931 births\nCategory:2017 deaths\nCategory:Bulgarian chess players\nCategory:American chess players\nCategory:Chess International Masters\nCategory:American chess writers\nCategory:American male non-fiction writers\nCategory:People from Ruse, Bulgaria" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0007809950038790703, 0.0008155995164997876, 0.000732924381736666, 0.0005595668917521834, 0.0005831503658555448, 0.000650562928058207, 0.0006408072076737881, 0.000657585624139756, 0.0007413857383653522, 0.001010893494822085, 0.0005469545722007751 ]

[ "Q:\n\nIgnore characters in between quotes grep\n\nI'm trying to write a simple script which will find all java files in a directory and display all the log messages which match some search string. ", "For example, if a line in a java file contains \"log.info\", I'd like to stick it in a file. ", "The same goes for \"error\", \"warn\", and \"debug\". ", "Right now this is what I have:\ngrep -rn --include \\*.java \"\\b\\.error\\b\" * >> log_strings.csv\n\nThen I manually replace \".error\" with one of the other strings. ", "However, when I try to later separate the output, grep adds colon \":\" chars between the fields, and some of the log messages also contain \":\" chars, so my output gets messy. ", "I end up with:\nfilename:line_num:log.debug(\"some message:\"+whatever());\nroughly translated to:\nfilename **TAB** line_num **TAB** log.debug(\"some message **TAB** \"+whatever());\n\nIs there a way to replace the \":\" character that grep produces but ignore the one with in the string so that my java strings stay organized? ", "I imagine there must be something that can be done using sed or awk.", "\n\nA:\n\nIf you want to replace the first two colons by tabs, just replace one colon twice:\nsed 's/:/\\t/;s/:/\\t/;'\n\nIn Perl, you can avoid repeating the substitution by running it in a loop:\nperl -pe 's/:/\\t/ while ++$x % 3'\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0008908401941880584, 0.0006843186565674841, 0.0008601238369010389, 0.0007773593533784151, 0.000767458404880017, 0.0007414973806589842, 0.009760919958353043, 0.002929446753114462 ]

[ "Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis.", "\nChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) represents a subset of chronic sinusitis with various causes. ", "Some forms of the disease are driven by allergy, often in association with asthma. ", "Refractory CRSwNP can be associated with cystic fibrosis and other clinical syndromes. ", "More recent literature is presented regarding roles of innate immunity and superantigens. ", "Effective treatment of CRSwNP requires careful endoscopic sinus surgery followed by an individualized treatment plan that often includes oral and topical steroids. ", "Recidivism of polyps is common, and patients require long-term follow-up." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.13022734224796295, 0.04754285514354706, 0.0006721903919242322, 0.011078087612986565, 0.0005258814780972898, 0.05915547534823418, 0.0005836986238136888 ]

[ "Luis Chávez y González\n\nLuis Chávez y González (1901 – 1987) was the seventh Bishop and third Archbishop of San Salvador, El Salvador, and immediate predecessor of Archbishop Óscar Romero. ", " Unlike Romero, who served for three years before being assassinated in 1980, Chávez had an archbishopric that was long and low key. ", " Chávez was Archbishop of San Salvador for 38 years (1938 - 1977), longer than any other Salvadoran bishop. ", " Like his more famous successor, Chávez is also a candidate for the sainthood. ", " His beatification process was started in June 2001.", "\n\nChávez was born on April 24, 1901 in El Rosario, El Salvador in the Cuscatlán Department. ", " Chávez and Pío Romero Bosque, a future president of El Salvador, were both students of a distinguished Salvadoran master, Néstor Salamanca, in Suchitoto, where Chávez would spend his latter years. ", " He was ordained a priest at the age of 23, on November 16, 1924. ", " He was parish priest in Ilobasco, San Juan Cojutepeque and the historic La Merced church in San Salvador. ", " Fourteen years later, he was appointed Archbishop of San Salvador at the youthful age of 37. ", " He was named on September 1, and consecrated on December 12, 1938, and would reign until his resignation on February 3, 1977. ", " Chávez was an influential bishop in the region, making pastoral travels to neighboring sees, such as Matagalpa, Nicaragua, which he visited in 1942. ", " That same year, Chávez organized a eucharistic congress to celebrate the first centennial of the San Salvador archdiocese. ", "He also established a Central American Bishops' Conference. ", " In 1945, Chávez authorized veneration of the Child Jesus of Bethlehem image that reportedly appeared at the beach in Acajutla, in Sonsonate, El Salvador.", "\n\nChávez had a conservative bent, inviting Opus Dei to establish bases in El Salvador. ", "He approved the creation of a cinematic censorship office in 1963. ", " Chávez also signed a bishops' letter warning against the dangers of Communism. ", " But, Chávez was a prolific writer, and his 52 pastoral letters also included some that established a tradition of social justice in the archdiocese. ", " In August 1966, he published an influential pastoral letter, \"The responsibility of the layperson in the temporal order,\" which highlighted the Church's obligation to denounce injustice, the specific grievances of the Salvadoran people, and the attribution to those grievances to the accumulation of wealth in the hands of the few.", "\n\nAs archbishop, Chávez encouraged vocations, building the principal seminary in San Salvador, San José de la Montaña. ", " He recruited Rutilio Grande into the priesthood and supported Jose Inocencio Alas who helped to introduce Liberation Theology to the country.", "\nHe was said to have been deeply influenced by the Second Vatican Council, implementing its progressive reforms in pastoral work throughout his archdiocese. ", " Chávez is said to have attended every session of the Council, and was a member of its Central Planning Commission. ", " He established an institute to teach the Social Doctrine of the Church, and sent priests to study abroad. ", "Some of these priests came from rural families, not the urban middle class, and could have been more sympathetic to the peasant poor. ", "Chávez encouraged peasant cooperatives as alternatives to agricultural sector expansion in the 1950s. ", "He also sent priests to Canada to study the organization and function of peasants cooperatives. ", "Similar communitarian activities were later advocated by the Salvadoran Christian Democratic Party (Partido Democrata Cristiano or PDC). ", " In 1970, Oscar Romero, Chávez' eventual successor, was named auxiliary bishop of San Salvador—Chávez' second in command—but Romero was said to be cool to Chávez' reformist agenda, and was transferred out of the archdiocese in 1974. ", " Chávez' new auxiliary would be Arturo Rivera y Damas, who would later also be archbishop.", "\n\nChávez maintained largely cordial relations with the government, as typified by his blessing the legislative palace in March 1973. ", " Because of his long tenure, he had a hand in many institutions of Salvadoran Catholicism: he inaugurated the famous Savior of the World Monument at Plaza de Las Americas in western San Salvador; he presided over the reconstruction of the San Salvador Cathedral after the Old Cathedral burned in a fire in August 1951, and he established a cult to the Virgin of Fatima in El Salvador.", "\n\nChávez resigned as archbishop in 1977, the year he entered the mandatory retirement age for bishops, 75. ", " Later that same year, his sister, Carmen Chávez de Hernández, died. ", " After leaving the archdiocese, Chávez volunteered to work as parish priest of Suchitoto. ", " Archbishop Romero told the story of the elderly Chávez volunteering for the job:\n\nOur beloved predecessor, Monsignor Luis Chavez y Gonzalez, at his 75, almost 76, years of age, tells me that he is available and proposes to go work in Suchitoto. \"", "Whatever you please, Monsignor, your gesture touches me,\" I tell him. \"", "Then, I will make my Profession of Faith,\" he says. \"", "But, Monsignor, no one is going to doubt your faith!\" - \"", "No,\" he says, \"this is mandatory.\" ", "And rising to his feet before the Crucifix on my desk he prays with the humility of the most humble Christian, \"I believe in God, the Father Almighty, I believe in the Church...\" And after saying the Creed, he says to me, \"I swear allegiance to my superior.\" ", "Brothers and sisters, who was superior there? ", "I felt so small before that marvelous example! ", "\n\nIn May 1978, Chávez' work was acknowledged by an act of the Salvadoran legislature, which awarded him a special citation. ", " Chávez died on March 27, 1987 as Archbishop Emeritus of San Salvador. ", " In June 2001, the San Salvador archdiocese instituted a beatification process for Chávez. ", " It was spearheaded by the same cleric who headed the diocesan investigation of the canonization cause for Archbishop Romero. ", " In February 1996, Pope John Paul II may have bolstered the prospects of Chávez' sainthood when he called the prelate a \"model of virtues\" when he visited the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Holy Savior (Catedral Metropolitana de San Salvador) where Chávez is buried. ", " He added, referring to Chávez' and his two successors, \"I am sure that they intercede for the Church that they loved and served until the end of their days, and whom they leave a particularly eloquent message.\"", "\n\nQuotations\n\"The people of El Salvador are highly dedicated to work, and I would thank those who are responsible for maintaining peace and order if they would give these people the opportunity to emerge from the poverty in which they find themselves to a state more worthy of a human being.\" ", "\n\n\"Do you want to be a priest?\" (", "to Rutilio Grande, later an assassinated cleric).", "\n\nFootnotes\n\nCategory:1901 births\nCategory:1987 deaths\nCategory:People from Cuscatlán Department\nCategory:Roman Catholic archbishops of San Salvador\nCategory:Participants in the Second Vatican Council\nCategory:20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops\nCategory:Servants of God\nCategory:20th-century venerated Christians" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0008655206765979528, 0.0009381594718433917, 0.0007190535543486476, 0.001453612931072712, 0.0006956963916309178, 0.0008483163546770811, 0.0007618861272931099, 0.0007559655350632966, 0.0013613427290692925, 0.0007197517552413046, 0.0007262690924108028, 0.0005886935396119952, 0.000624600681476295, 0.000646037922706455, 0.0011367930565029383, 0.0007960454095155001, 0.000566944363527, 0.001103124930523336, 0.0006214636377990246, 0.0006175201269797981, 0.0007420876645483077, 0.0007711929501965642, 0.0005540181882679462, 0.0005951520288363099, 0.0007775404956191778, 0.005464219022542238, 0.0006362657877616584, 0.0008035164792090654, 0.0010653792414814234, 0.0007400361355394125, 0.0007122128154151142, 0.0006127230590209365, 0.000685214065015316, 0.0006769903120584786, 0.0024343933910131454, 0.0010113384341821074, 0.0005883777048438787, 0.0008059073588810861, 0.0007126758573576808, 0.0018688373966142535, 0.0007520850049331784, 0.004583974834531546, 0.0006587263196706772, 0.000771739927586168, 0.0005308656254783273, 0.0009629875421524048, 0.0006436209077946842, 0.0006240297807380557, 0.0005791522562503815, 0.0005927082966081798, 0.0005808018031530082, 0.008874563500285149, 0.000778663030359894, 0.0012883333256468177 ]

[ "Dutch racer Tom Coronel has announced he will dovetail his FIA World Touring Car Cup (WTCR) commitments alongside a TCR Europe assault this season.", "\n\nLast month Coronel revealed a change of car and team for his 2019 WTCR campaign, switching from a Boutsen Ginion-run Honda in which he struggled last year to a Comtoyou Racing CUPRA for the upcoming season.", "\n\n- Advertisement -\n\nThe latest news marks a return to Boutsen Ginion Racing, the squad Coronel has competed with in recent years, and a return to the Honda Civic Type R in which he completed the full WTCR season in last year.", "\n\nCoronel will be forced to miss the opening TCR Europe round as it shares a weekend with WTCR on the 27th/28th April at the Hungaroring, but expects to complete the remainder of the season thereafter.", "\n\n“It is fantastic that we are able to continue the good co-operation with Honda and the Boutsen Ginion Racing team from the past years at a European level,” said Coronel.", "\n\n“As a driver, there is nothing I want more than race as often as possible at the highest possible level. ", "With the Honda, that is certainly the case.", "\n\n“Moreover, this championship enables us to race at cool circuits like Spa-Francorchamps, Monza, Hockenheim and Barcelona.", "\n\n“The Hungaroring round at the end of April is the only one I have to miss, because regulations say that you can’t race in two different TCR competitions at the same circuit during one weekend. ", "For the rest, I am able to take part in all three races during each TCR Europe meeting.”", "\n\nCoronel’s teammate will be Belgian racer Stéphane Lémeret, with whom he raced with in 2017." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0008332668803632259, 0.0006594490259885788, 0.0005947993486188352, 0.0007365699857473373, 0.0005416573258116841, 0.0010258053662255406, 0.0006572551792487502, 0.0006885664188303053, 0.0007015764131210744, 0.0005468872841447592, 0.0006733115296810865 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to split multiple string using jQuery or javascript?", "\n\nI know this been posted here: how to split the string using jquery or javascript\nbut in my case have multiple strings. ", "It's working in a single line of string but if it's in a multiple lines it repeats the day after year. ", "and for some reason it display's only the first 'li' value. ", "Is it possible to display it this way:\n<ul>\n<li>\n <div class=\"date\">\n <p class='day'>23</p>\n <p class='month'>05</p>\n <p class='year'>2013</p>\n </div>\n</li>\n<li>\n <div class=\"date\">\n <p class='day'>25</p>\n <p class='month'>07</p>\n <p class='year'>2014</p>\n </div>\n</li>\n<li>\n <div class=\"date\">\n <p class='day'>01</p>\n <p class='month'>05</p>\n <p class='year'>2014</p>\n </div>\n</li>\n</ul>\n\nhere is my code:\nhtml\n<ul>\n <li><div class=\"date\">23-05-2013</div></li>\n <li><div class=\"date\">25-07-2014</div></li>\n <li><div class=\"date\">01-05-2014</div></li>\n</ul>\ncss:\n.day{color:#ccc;}\n.month{color:#ff0000;}\n.year{color:green;}\n\nscript:\nvar data =$('.date').text();\nvar arr = data.split('-');\n$(\".date\").html(\"<p class='day'>\"+arr[0]+\"</p>\"+\"<p class='month'>\"+arr[1]+\"</p>\"+\"<p cass='year'>\"+arr[2]+\"</p>\");\n\njsfiddle:\ndemo\nthanks Bon\n\nA:\n\nYou are getting the text from the first element, and changes all elements to contain the code for that. ", "You need to loop through the elements and convert the content in each one.", "\nYou can use a callback function in the html method to do that, it will get the original HTML code from each element, and you return the new HTML code for that element:\n$(\".date\").html(function(i, h) {\n var arr = h.split('-');\n return \"<p class='day'>\"+arr[0]+\"</p><p class='month'>\"+arr[1]+\"</p><p class='year'>\"+arr[2]+\"</p>\";\n});\n\nDemo: http://jsfiddle.net/Guffa/815c95jn/1/\n(Note the difference in function, as this will get the HTML code in each element instead of the text. ", "As long as there is no actual HTML markup in the elements, like in your example, there is no difference in the result.)", "\n\nAn alternative to splitting the text is to use replace:\n$(\".date\").html(function(i, h) {\n return \"<p class='day'>\" + h.replace(\"-\", \"</p><p class='month'>\").replace(\"-\", \"</p><p class='year'>\") + \"</p>\";\n});\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0009490710799582303, 0.0006519870948977768, 0.0007082593510858715, 0.0006854864186607301, 0.0008425113628618419, 0.0005813861498609185, 0.0006869680364616215, 0.0005985804018564522, 0.0007093664607964456 ]

[ "Post navigation\n\nPisteside thoughts\n\nFor the fainthearted . . .", "\n\n“Life is a gamble at terrible odds, if it were a bet, you would not take it.” ", "Tom Stoppard’s words from “Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead” came to mind on Friday morning. ", "Skiing down a red run towards a local village for a leisurely lunch, we paused for a moment at a corner of a field. ", "A fresh carved wooden memorial was tucked beneath the trees that bordered the field: a crucifix beneath an arched roof standing at the end of a small patch of ground enclosed by immaculate wooden rails.", "\n\nA year ago a 23 year old local man had come down the run at speed, hit ice and collided with a tree. ", "It was a sombre moment, one where there are no words to make sense of the experience. ", "What meaning or purpose could there be? ", "What great plan could possibly be fulfilled by the random, accidental death of a young man in the prime of his life?", "\n\nThe moment passed and we skied on, a little more cautious and a little less buoyant in spirits.", "\n\nThere is a randomness and an arbitrariness about life that is never explained away by Christian writers, no matter how clever they may be. ", "No-one has ever explained why my children being born in Ireland have every imaginable opportunity, while children of parents in sub-Saharan Africa struggle even to stay alive. ", "No-one has explained why one person is cut down with cancer at the prime of their life while another lives until a very ripe old age. ", "No-one has explained why silly, chance accidents happen, ending lives in a moment.", "\n\nThere is no option of not taking the bet, the gamble is the only one on offer. ", "There is ultimately a mystery about a world in which a young man goes out from his home for the simple pleasure of skiing down to a local village and ends lying dead." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0012887261109426618, 0.0044488441199064255, 0.001226813648827374, 0.0007079772185534239, 0.0006186845130287111, 0.0011514928191900253, 0.0006689365836791694, 0.0008375953766517341, 0.005198271945118904, 0.0007451127748936415, 0.00085397285874933, 0.0008282354101538658, 0.04338768497109413, 0.05232657492160797, 0.0009252570453099906, 0.0021305629052221775 ]

[ "QueueSorter.installDefaultQueueSorter=Instalando el ordenador de colas por defecto\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.015393112786114216 ]

[ "[Prevalence of ulcers in Dutch nursing homes].", "\nEarlier cross-sectional research in the Netherlands has found that one out of three nursing home patients has a pressure ulcer. ", "The prevalence of other ulcers is unknown. ", "In eight nursing homes 2295 patients were assessed with the Minimum Data Set (MDS). ", "The mean age of the patients was 82.9 years (SD 7.4) and 70% was female. ", "One third had severe cognitive impairment and only 17% had no or little ADL impairment. ", "Prevalence of pressure ulcers was: stage 1: 3,6%; stage 2: 2,5%; stage 3: 1,2%; stage 4: 0,8%. ", "Having a pressure ulcer was strongly correlated with ADL dependency: Odds Ratio (OR) 8,4 for moderate ADL-dependency, and OR 35,4 for severe ADL-dependency. ", "Patients with pressure ulcers had more often pain (OR 2,7) and depressive symptoms (OR 2,1). ", "Bowel incontinence was significantly correlated (OR 2,6) with pressure ulcers, just as the presence of an indwelling catheter (OR 3,2) and the use of diapers (OR 2,2), but urinary incontinence was not correlated with pressure ulcers. ", "The prevalence of a venous ulcers was 2,6% and 1,7% had a venous ulcer higher than stage 1. ", "The combination of foot ulcers and diabetes occurred in 1,2%, the combination of a peripheral vascular disease and ulcers in only 0,7%. ", "The use of pressure reducing interventions increased with ADL dependency, nevertheless only 44% of the very dependent patients used these interventions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0008777567418292165, 0.0009390178020112216, 0.002242035698145628, 0.0005647040670737624, 0.0008421675302088261, 0.0051435623317956924, 0.0017814458115026355, 0.002305173547938466, 0.002253339858725667, 0.03554967790842056, 0.0020195883698761463, 0.0021606693044304848, 0.0005953752552159131 ]

[ "Explanatory Notes are not included in the form found in other ABS publications. ", "Please see the Explanatory Notes contained in related ABS publications (links to source documents are provided in the summary tables)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006544661009684205, 0.0005353381857275963 ]

[ "444 F.3d 713\nTraci Lynette McCALVIN, Petitioner-Appellee,v.Joan YUKINS, Warden, Respondent-Appellant.", "\nNo. ", "05-1111.", "\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.", "\nArgued: February 1, 2006.", "\nDecided and Filed: April 5, 2006.", "\n\nARGUED: Debra M. Gagliardi, Office of the Attorney General, Criminal Appellate Division, Lansing, Michigan, for Appellant. ", "Neil H. Fink, Law Offices of Neil H. Fink, Birmingham, Michigan, for Appellee. ", "ON BRIEF: Debra M. Gagliardi, Office of the Attorney General, Criminal Appellate Division, Lansing, Michigan, for Appellant. ", "Neil H. Fink, Kimberly W. Stout, Law Offices of Neil H. Fink, Birmingham, Michigan, for Appellee.", "\nBefore: COLE, GIBBONS, and ROGERS, Circuit Judges.", "\nROGERS, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which GIBBONS, J., joined.", "\nCOLE, J. (pp. ", "722-725), delivered a separate dissenting opinion.", "\nOPINION\nROGERS, Circuit Judge.", "\n\n\n1\nAt issue in this habeas case is the voluntariness of Traci L. McCalvin's confession. ", "McCalvin was convicted of second-degree murder. ", "During her trial, McCalvin moved to suppress her confession, but the trial court denied the motion as untimely because under Michigan law such motions generally must be filed before trial unless special circumstances are present. ", "The district court granted McCalvin a writ of habeas corpus, ruling that there existed cause and prejudice sufficient to excuse her procedural default because she had established that her counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to file the motion to suppress before trial. ", "The district court then found McCalvin's confession involuntary because, among other things, a detective told McCalvin that, if she were convicted of first-degree murder, she would not have contact with her family, including her children. ", "We reverse.", "\n\nI.\n\n2\nAround midnight on February 14, 1998, McCalvin visited the home of Lidell Smith, her former boyfriend and the father of her son. ", "Smith and McCalvin talked in Smith's driveway for approximately 35-40 minutes. ", "McCalvin got into her car to leave, however, when Markecia Branch, Smith's current girlfriend, walked out of the house. ", "As Branch stood on Smith's lawn, McCalvin's car pulled forward and hit her. ", "Branch became trapped under the car and died.", "\n\n\n3\nPolice officers escorted McCalvin to the police station around 1:30 a.m. Officers informed McCalvin of her Miranda rights, and McCalvin signed a waiver form. ", "McCalvin stated that she had no medical problems, was not under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and understood English. ", "McCalvin was twenty-seven years old and had never been in jail before. ", "She was a high school graduate.", "\n\n\n4\nBetween approximately 5:00 a.m. and 7:30 a.m., Detectives Palmer and Shadwell interrogated McCalvin. ", "The interrogation began with McCalvin giving her version of how Branch died. ", "McCalvin told the detectives that Branch's death was an accident. ", "McCalvin stated that she had only attempted to back her car out of Smith's driveway. ", "She thought that she put the car into reverse, but instead she accidentally put it into drive. ", "When McCalvin pressed the gas pedal, her car lunged forward and hit Branch. ", "After the first forty-five minutes of the interrogation, the detectives allowed McCalvin a twenty-minute break. ", "McCalvin drank coffee.", "\n\n\n5\nWhen the interrogation resumed, the detectives had McCalvin repeat her story. ", "During this portion of the interrogation, the detectives permitted McCalvin to take several breaks. ", "McCalvin was able to use the restroom and call her mother. ", "Before ending the interrogation, the detectives had McCalvin write down her version of what happened that night. ", "McCalvin's story never changed during this stage of the interrogation.", "\n\n\n6\nDetective Helgert then took over the interrogation for approximately the next one and one-half hours. ", "McCalvin declined any food, coffee, or water. ", "For the first thirty to forty-five minutes, McCalvin continued to maintain that Branch's death was an accident. ", "During this time, however, Helgert became more confrontational. ", "He told McCalvin that the officers did not believe her. ", "He gave her a \"hook,\" a question that aims to get a defendant to admit to a crime while simultaneously shifting the blame away, by asking McCalvin if she had merely tried to scare Branch by driving towards her. ", "McCalvin testified at her trial that Helgert told her that if she changed her story, the prosecutor might drop the charges. ", "She also testified that Helgert told her that she could go home if she changed her story to say that she had intended to only scare Branch. ", "Helgert never admitted to promising McCalvin anything, see J.A. at 648-49, but he testified that he told McCalvin that if she went to prison for first-degree murder, she would spend the rest of her life in prison and would not have contact with her family, including her children, J.A. at 613-15.1\n\n\n7\nAccording to Helgert, McCalvin suddenly looked at him and said, \"I did it.\" ", "McCalvin stated that she drove her car towards Branch to scare her. ", "Helgert then reduced McCalvin's admissions to written questions and answers. ", "According to Helgert, he never threatened McCalvin or told her what to write. ", "He maintained that McCalvin was \"quite unemotional\" during the interrogation. ", "Before the interrogation ended at approximately 10:00 a.m., McCalvin had not asked for the interrogation to stop.", "\n\nII.", "\n\n8\nMcCalvin was charged with first-degree murder, and a jury trial began in September 1998. ", "After Detective Palmer, Detective Helgert, and McCalvin testified, the defense moved to suppress McCalvin's confession on the ground that it was coerced and therefore involuntary. ", "Defense counsel explained at the time why he had not made such a motion earlier: he had made a \"calculated decision\" not to file a motion to suppress before the trial for two reasons. ", "First, he did not want Helgert \"to gather his forces ... and to respond to the inquiry regarding the voluntariness of the confession in a manner other than he would if confronted by a jury.\" ", "Second, because of the judge's \"conservative\" nature, he had thought that a pre-trial motion to suppress would not have been successful.", "\n\n\n9\nThe trial court denied McCalvin's motion to suppress. ", "The court gave four reasons for its denial: (1) the court did not want to declare a mistrial; (2) defense counsel's cross-examination of Helgert was \"very effective;\" (3) defense counsel spent so much time on the issue of the confession that a curative instruction would have been futile; and (4) McCalvin waived the issue by failing to raise it before trial. ", "The jury convicted McCalvin of second-degree murder, and the court sentenced her to fifteen to thirty years of imprisonment.", "\n\n\n10\nMcCalvin appealed her conviction, arguing that the trial court erred in refusing to suppress her confession, and, if her trial counsel was deemed to have waived the right to file a motion to suppress, that waiver amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel. ", "The Michigan Court of Appeals nevertheless affirmed her conviction. ", "People v. McCalvin, No. ", "215150, 2000 WL 33385191, at *4 (Mich.Ct.", "App. ", "Dec.26, 2000). ", "The court of appeals held that, under Michigan law, no special circumstances justified defense counsel's delay in bringing the motion to suppress. ", "Id. at *1. ", "The trial court thus did not abuse its discretion in denying McCalvin's motion. ", "Id.\n\n\n11\nIn the alternative, the Michigan Court of Appeals held that the trial court's denial was not plain error because McCalvin had made her statement voluntarily. ", "Id. at *3. ", "The court based this decision on the totality of the circumstances surrounding McCalvin's confession, noting that McCalvin signed a Miranda waiver; McCalvin was of sufficient maturity to understand her rights because she was in her mid-twenties, a high school graduate, not ill or injured, and not under the influence of alcohol or drugs; the police did not question McCalvin for an inordinate amount of time; McCalvin received several breaks during the interrogations; the police offered McCalvin food and drink; and Helgert testified that McCalvin was unemotional during the interrogation. ", "In addition, the court held that McCalvin's interrogation differed from the interrogation deemed coercive in Lynumn v. Illinois, 372 U.S. 528, 83 S.Ct. ", "917, 9 L.Ed.2d 922 (1963), where police explicitly told the defendant that her children would be taken from her if she did not cooperate. ", "McCalvin, 2000 WL 33385191, at *2. ", "Unlike in Lynumn, Helgert admitted only to discussing the consequences of a first-degree murder conviction. ", "Id.\n\n\n12\nFinally, the Michigan Court of Appeals held that McCalvin's trial counsel had not rendered ineffective assistance of counsel. ", "Id. at *4. ", "Counsel's decision to wait to bring a motion to suppress was not objectively unreasonable because the decision constituted a trial strategy and such a strategy was reasonable as a pre-trial motion likely would have been denied. ", "Id. at *3. ", "Because a pre-trial motion would have been denied, the court also held that counsel's actions did not prejudice McCalvin. ", "Id. at *4. ", "The Michigan Supreme Court denied discretionary review.", "\n\n\n13\nIn August 2002, McCalvin filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254, as amended by the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), raising two grounds for relief. ", "First, McCalvin argued that the Michigan Court of Appeals' determination that her confession was voluntary was contrary to clearly established federal law as set forth in Lynumn v. Illinois, 372 U.S. 528, 83 S.Ct. ", "917, 9 L.Ed.2d 922 (1963), and United States v. Tingle, 658 F.2d 1332 (9th Cir.1981). ", "Second, McCalvin argued that the Michigan Court of Appeals' determination that her attorney provided effective assistance of counsel was also contrary to federal law. ", "The matter was referred to a magistrate, who filed a Report and Recommendation, recommending that the district court deny McCalvin's petition.", "\n\n\n14\nIn December 2004, the district court granted McCalvin's request for habeas relief on both grounds. ", "McCalvin v. Yukins, 351 F.Supp.2d 665, 674 (E.D.Mich.2005). ", "The court ruled that it could reach the merits of McCalvin's coercion claim because, under the four-factor test set forth in Maupin v. Smith, 785 F.2d 135, 138 (6th Cir.1986), her procedural default was excused. ", "McCalvin, 351 F.Supp.2d at 670-74. ", "Cause and prejudice sufficient to excuse the procedural default existed because McCalvin's counsel had rendered ineffective assistance by failing to file a pretrial motion to suppress.2 Id. at 671-73. ", "The court ruled that, under Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), it was objectively unreasonable for counsel to wait to file a motion to suppress merely because he did not want to give the prosecutor time to \"gather his forces\" and because he thought that a motion would not succeed due to the trial court judge's \"conservative\" nature. ", "Id. at 671-72, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052. ", "In addition, McCalvin had demonstrated prejudice because the admission of her confession made the inference of malice more likely and rendered the jury verdict suspect. ", "Id. at 672-73, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052.", "\n\n\n15\nReaching the merits of the coercion claim, the district court ruled that McCalvin's confession was involuntary. ", "Id. at 669-70, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052. ", "The court likened the circumstances surrounding McCalvin's confession to those deemed coercive in Lynumn v. Illinois and United States v. Tingle:\n\n\n16\nPetitioner was in a more vulnerable position than was the petitioner in Lynumn, because she was alone in an unfamiliar surrounding when Helgert made the statements regarding visitation. ", "Even if Petitioner did not appear to Helgert to be in distress, as did the petitioner in Tingle, Helgert's statements cannot be deemed innocuous. ", "He admitted telling her that, if she were convicted of first-degree murder, she would never again have contact with her children.... Most significantly, Petitioner had been in custody for approximately eight or nine hours—all the while maintaining that Decedent's death was an accident—when she made the confession. ", "The statements definitely played upon Petitioner's maternal instinct and were coercive.", "\n\n\n17\nId. at 669-70, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052 (footnote omitted). ", "The district court held that, because McCalvin's confession was coerced, the decision of the Michigan Court of Appeals affirming the trial court's denial of the motion to suppress was unreasonable and contrary to established federal law. ", "Id. at 670, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052. ", "The district court found that these constitutional errors were not harmless, and it therefore granted McCalvin's petition for a writ of habeas corpus. ", "Id. at 674, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052.", "\n\n\n18\nThe State now appeals, arguing that it was neither contrary to, nor an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal law for the Michigan Court of Appeals to hold that McCalvin's trial counsel had rendered effective assistance.3\n\nIII.", "\n\n19\nThe district court erred in granting McCalvin's habeas petition because it was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, clearly established federal law for the Michigan Court of Appeals to hold that McCalvin's confession was voluntary. ", "Upon weighing the totality of the circumstances surrounding McCalvin's confession, it was objectively reasonable for the Michigan Court of Appeals to hold that McCalvin's will was not overborne. ", "Moreover, the interrogation of McCalvin is distinguishable from the interrogation deemed coercive in Lynumn v. Illinois, 372 U.S. 528, 83 S.Ct. ", "917, 9 L.Ed.2d 922 (1963). ", "Because McCalvin's due process voluntariness claim fails, her ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim also must fail because she could not have suffered prejudice from her counsel's failure to make a timely motion to suppress her confession.", "\n\n\n20\nMcCalvin filed her habeas petition in August 2002; thus, her case is governed by 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d), as amended by the AEDPA of 1996. ", "See Smith v. Stegall, 385 F.3d 993, 997 (6th Cir.2004). ", "Section 2254(d) provides, in relevant part, that a petition for a writ of habeas corpus shall be denied by the district court unless the state court's decision:\n\n\n21\n(1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States ....\n\n\n22\n28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). \"", "Clearly established federal law,\" refers to the \"holdings, as opposed to the dicta, of [the Supreme] Court's decisions as of the time of the relevant state-court decision.\" ", "Williams v. Taylor, 529 U.S. 362, 412, 120 S.Ct. ", "1495, 146 L.Ed.2d 389 (2000). ", "A state-court decision constitutes an \"unreasonable application\" of clearly established federal law if the court invokes a Supreme Court case and unreasonably extends its legal principle to a new context where it should not apply or fails to extend it to where it should apply. ", "Id. at 407, 120 S.Ct. ", "1495. ", "A \"federal habeas court making the `unreasonable application' inquiry should ask whether the state court's application of clearly established federal law was objectively reasonable.", "\"4 Id. at 409, 120 S.Ct. ", "1495. ", "In this case, the district court held that the decision of the Michigan Court of Appeals was unreasonable because it was coercive for Detective Helgert to tell McCalvin, after she had been in custody for eight to nine hours, that she would not have contact with her family, including her children, if she were convicted of first-degree murder.5\n\n\n23\nUnder the deference to state-court determinations required by AEDPA, however, we cannot say that the Michigan Court of Appeals unreasonably applied federal law as reflected in Supreme Court precedents. ", "Under clearly established Supreme Court law, \"certain interrogation techniques, either in isolation or as applied to the unique characteristics of a particular suspect, are so offensive to a civilized system of justice that they must be condemned under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.\" ", "Miller v. Fenton, 474 U.S. 104, 109, 106 S.Ct. ", "445, 88 L.Ed.2d 405 (1985). ", "The question in each of these cases is whether a defendant's will was overborne at the time she confessed. ", "Reck v. Pate, 367 U.S. 433, 440, 81 S.Ct. ", "1541, 6 L.Ed.2d 948 (1961). ", "In determining whether a defendant's will was overborne, the Court looks at the totality of the circumstances surrounding the confession. ", "Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 226, 93 S.Ct. ", "2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973). ", "Factors considered in assessing the totality of the circumstances include the age, education, and intelligence of the defendant; whether the defendant has been informed of his Miranda rights; the length of the questioning; the repeated and prolonged nature of the questioning; and the use of physical punishment, such as deprivation of food or sleep. ", "Id. Based upon the totality of the circumstances in this case, it was objectively reasonable for the Michigan Court of Appeals to hold that McCalvin's confession was voluntary. ", "As the court of appeals noted, (1) McCalvin signed a Miranda waiver; (2) McCalvin was of sufficient maturity to understand her rights because she was in her mid-twenties, a high school graduate, not ill or injured, and not under the influence of alcohol or drugs; (3) McCalvin received several breaks during the interrogations; (4) the detectives offered McCalvin food and water; and (5) Helgert testified that McCalvin was unemotional during the interrogation. ", "In addition, McCalvin (6) was permitted to call her mother, (7) never asked for an attorney, and (8) never said anything indicating that she wished for the interview to stop. ", "Together, these circumstances support a finding that McCalvin's will was not overborne.", "\n\n\n24\nAlthough some of the circumstances surrounding McCalvin's confession were perhaps coercive, they do not warrant a conclusion that the Michigan Court of Appeals' decision was objectively unreasonable. ", "The following factors could provide support for a finding of coercion: McCalvin had no experience with jail or interrogation; McCalvin was held for eight to nine hours (though only interrogated for four); the detectives repeated the same questions several times until McCalvin confessed; two different teams of detectives were used; and Helgert stated that McCalvin would not have contact with her children if convicted of first-degree murder. ", "Yet, even under these circumstances, it was not objectively unreasonable for the Michigan Court of Appeals to hold that McCalvin's will was not overborne. \"[", "A] federal habeas court may not issue the writ simply because that court concludes in its independent judgment that the state-court decision applied [the law] incorrectly.\" ", "Woodford v. Visciotti, 537 U.S. 19, 24-25, 123 S.Ct. ", "357, 154 L.Ed.2d 279 (2002) (per curiam). ", "Under the deference required by AEDPA, and given the factors supporting a finding that McCalvin's confession was voluntary, the decision of the Michigan Court of Appeals was a reasonable application of federal law.", "\n\n\n25\nThe district court largely grounded its decision on the similarity between this case and Lynumn v. Illinois, 372 U.S. 528, 83 S.Ct. ", "917, 9 L.Ed.2d 922 (1963), but Lynumn is distinguishable. ", "In Lynumn, the defendant, who had never been in trouble with the law, was interrogated in her apartment while surrounded by three police officers and a police informant. ", "Id. at 529-30, 83 S.Ct. ", "917. ", "The officers told her that \"state financial aid for her infant children would be cut off, and her children taken from her, if she did not `cooperate.'\" ", "Id. at 534, 83 S.Ct. ", "917. ", "If she did cooperate, the officers promised that the prosecutor would go light on her. ", "Id. at 532-34, 83 S.Ct. ", "917. ", "The Supreme Court held that these circumstances made the defendant's confession involuntary. ", "Id. at 534, 83 S.Ct. ", "917.", "\n\n\n26\nThe circumstances surrounding the confession in Lynumn, however, differ from those surrounding McCalvin's confession in a number of ways. ", "First, the defendant in Lynumn was interrogated while surrounded by three police officers and \"a twice convicted felon who had purportedly `set her up.'\" ", "Id. at 534, 83 S.Ct. ", "917. ", "Here, McCalvin was never interrogated by more than two officers. ", "Second, because Lynumn preceded the Court's decision in Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. ", "1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), the police never read the defendant her constitutional rights. ", "In this case, McCalvin signed a Miranda waiver and never asked to see her attorney or for the interrogation to stop. ", "A confession is much more likely to be voluntary when it is given after a person knowingly and voluntarily waives his Miranda rights. ", "As the Supreme Court stated in Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420, 433 n. 20, 104 S.Ct. ", "3138, 82 L.Ed.2d 317 (1984), \"cases in which a defendant can make a colorable argument that a self-incriminating statement was `compelled' despite the fact that the law enforcement authorities adhered to the dictates of Miranda are rare.\"", "\n\n\n27\nMost importantly, the officers' statements in Lynumn are different from Helgert's statement that McCalvin would not have contact with her family, including her children. ", "The officers in Lynumn not only threatened that the defendant would lose contact with her children but also that the aid to the her children would be cut off. ", "372 U.S. at 534, 83 S.Ct. ", "917. ", "Such a statement is especially sinister because it implicates the children's livelihood. ", "In addition, the police in Lynumn explicitly promised leniency if the defendant confessed. ", "Id. at 532-34, 83 S.Ct. ", "917. ", "Helgert never admitted to promising McCalvin anything. ", "Helgert testified that he merely informed her of the consequences of a first-degree murder conviction. ", "We are not prepared to forbid police from conveying to suspects the seriousness of the crime for which they are being investigated.", "\n\n\n28\nThis court noted a similar distinction in Ledbetter v. Edwards, 35 F.3d 1062 (6th Cir.1994). ", "Although only Supreme Court case law is relevant under AEDPA in deciding what federal law is clearly established, lower federal court decisions may be used to the extent we have already reviewed and interpreted the relevant Supreme Court law. ", "Hill v. Hofbauer, 337 F.3d 706, 716 (6th Cir.2003). ", "In Ledbetter, we held that several misrepresentations by police officers, such as a staged victim identification and a fingerprint that the officers falsely claimed to have matched to the defendant, had not overborne the defendant's will. ", "35 F.3d at 1070. ", "In doing so, we distinguished the officers' conduct from that in Lynumn:\n\n\n29\nIn Lynumn, the concern was outright fear of adverse consequences, elimination of government benefits, which may be just as real as the physical fear of adverse consequences in outright torture.... In our case, the only adverse consequences being presented to the defendant were the results of ultimately being convicted of the crime. ", "A defendant who is completely innocent might well confess in the circumstances of Spano or Lynumn, for fear of the extraneous adverse consequences. ", "By contrast, an innocent defendant in the circumstances in our case would have little incentive to render a false confession.", "\n\n\n30\nId. Similarly, McCalvin was not made to fear more than the result of being convicted of first-degree murder, which included not seeing her children. ", "It was therefore objectively reasonable for the Michigan Court of Appeals to distinguish Lynumn and find that this fear did not overcome McCalvin's will.6\n\n\n31\nBecause it was a reasonable application of federal law for the Michigan Court of Appeals to hold that McCalvin's confession was voluntary, it was also a reasonable application for it to hold that her trial counsel had not rendered ineffective assistance of counsel. ", "To prevail on an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, a defendant must demonstrate both deficient performance and prejudice. ", "Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). ", "To establish prejudice, a defendant must show a reasonable probability that, \"but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.\" ", "Id. at 694, 104 S.Ct. ", "2052. ", "McCalvin cannot show that her motion to suppress would have succeeded had it been timely filed, and thus she cannot satisfy the prejudice requirement of her ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim.", "\n\nIV.", "\n\n32\nThis case is difficult, and our decision should not be read as approving the interrogation techniques used. ", "Under the deference to state-court legal determinations required by AEDPA, however, we cannot say that the Michigan Court of Appeals unreasonably applied federal law as reflected in Supreme Court precedents. ", "For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the judgment of the district court.", "\n\n\n\nNotes:\n\n\n1\n The district court concluded that \"[t]his statement was false, given that the Department of Corrections' visitation policy does not distinguish between those who are convicted of first-degree murder and other types of offenders.", "\"McCalvin v. Yukins, 351 F.Supp.2d 665, 669 n. 3 (E.D.Mich.2005). ", "However, this statement was not necessarily false. ", "It does not say that McCalvin would never have contact with her family. ", "It only says that she \"would not\" have contact with her family. ", "Most people would hardly consider prison visitation \"contact\" with one's family in the normal sense.", "\n\n\n2\n The district court opinion is not entirely clear as to whether the court granted habeas relief on two grounds—the coerced confession and ineffective assistance of counsel—or only one ground—the coerced confession, with a finding of ineffective assistance only to excuse the procedural default. ", "In our view, there were two grounds for relief. ", "McCalvin raised the coerced confession and ineffective assistance as two separate claims in her habeas petition. ", "In addition, the district court's own language supports this interpretation: \"Ineffective assistance of counselis also a substantive claim which gives rise to an independent constitutional violation.\" ", "McCalvin, 351 F.Supp.2d at 670 (emphasis added).", "\n\n\n3\n Rather than asserting the voluntariness of McCalvin's confession as a freestanding argument, the State appears to raise voluntariness as part of its challenge to the district court's ineffective-assistance-of-counsel ruling. ", "The State argues that, because the trial court would have found McCalvin's confession voluntary even had her counsel timely filed the motion to suppress, McCalvin cannot satisfy theStrickland prejudice requirement. ", "Thus, we properly examine the voluntariness of McCalvin's confession regardless of whether on appeal the State presented it independently or as part of its ineffective-assistance-of-counsel argument.", "\n\n\n4\n InWilliams, the Supreme Court clarified that the \"contrary to\" or an \"unreasonable application of\" clauses are independent tests and must be analyzed separately. ", "529 U.S. at 407, 120 S.Ct. ", "1495. ", "Because the district court's decision rested upon the \"unreasonable application\" prong, see McCalvin v. Yukins, 351 F.Supp.2d 665, 674 (E.D.Mich. ", "2005), we examine whether the decision of the Michigan Court of Appeals was objectively reasonable.", "\n\n\n5\n Although McCalvin testified that Helgert promised her leniency if she changed her story, the district court did not rely on that testimony in its decision. ", "The state-trial court did not make any factual findings regarding Helgert's statements because it ruled that McCalvin's motion to suppress was untimely. ", "Thus, the only support in the record for McCalvin's allegations is her testimony\n\n\n6\n The district court also relied on the Ninth Circuit's decision inUnited States v. Tingle, 658 F.2d 1332 (9th Cir.1981), but Tingle is distinguishable as well. ", "In Tingle, an FBI agent told the defendant that she would not see her child \"for a while\" if she went to prison. ", "Id. at 1336. ", "However, unlike this case, the agent promised the defendant that her cooperation would be communicated to the prosecutor, but if the defendant refused to cooperate the agent threatened to tell the prosecutor that she was \"stubborn or hard-headed.\" ", "Id. Finally, the defendant sobbed and was noticeably shaking for at least ten minutes before confessing. ", "Id. at 1334. ", "In this case, Helgert testified that McCalvin appeared unemotional.", "\nMoreover, even if Tingle had been decided by this court instead of another circuit, its holding would be formally less relevant than our holding in Ledbetter. ", "Our holding in Ledbetter that certain actions were constitutional logically implies that such actions were at least reasonable applications of Supreme Court precedent. ", "In the other direction, however, a holding like Tingle that certain actions were not constitutional does not logically imply that a state court could not reasonably conclude that they were.", "\n\n\n\n33\nR. GUY COLE, Jr., Circuit Judge, dissenting.", "\n\n\n34\nI disagree with the majority's resolution of this appeal, and I would affirm the district court's grant of the writ of habeas corpus.", "\n\nI. Coercion claim\n\n35\nThe district court granted the writ based upon its conclusions that McCalvin's confession was coerced and that the untimeliness of McCalvin's suppression motion was excused by the ineffective assistance of McCalvin's counsel. ", "The majority opinion addresses only the question of whether McCalvin's confession was coerced, and in answering in the negative rejects the coercion claim both as an independent ground for habeas relief and as a basis to satisfy the prejudice prong of McCalvin's ineffective assistance of counsel claim. ", "Yet the government's brief presents only the following issue for our review: \"Whether the district court erred in finding that the Michigan Court of Appeals' application of federal law was unreasonable and contrary to established Sixth Amendment law under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d) where defense counsel's tactical decision to delay a motion to suppress Petitioner's confession was part of a reasoned trial strategy.\" ", "Resp.-Appellant's Br. ", "at 2. ", "The government cites the two-part Strickland test for determining ineffective assistance of counsel — namely, deficiency in counsel's performance and resulting prejudice — but devotes its brief to arguing that counsel's performance was not deficient. ", "Resp.-Appellant's Br. ", "at 13-19. ", "The entirety of the government's argument pertaining to the prejudice prong reads as follows:\n\n\n36\nPetitioner is also unable to establish prejudice given the fact that the statements made to the detective were properly admissible. ", "Petitioner cannot demonstrate that, but for counsel's alleged error in not raising the motion to suppress earlier in the proceedings, the outcome of her trial would have been different. ", "This is especially true given the overwhelming evidence of Petitioner's guilt even absent her statements to the police.", "\n\n\n37\nResp.-Appellant's Br. ", "at 19. ", "Even in this short paragraph, the only portion that can be characterized accurately as an argument that McCalvin's confession was not coerced is the bare assertion that \"the statements made to the detective were properly admissible.\"", "\n\n\n38\nIt is well established that issues not raised by an appellant in its opening brief, or issues \"adverted to in a perfunctory manner [without] some effort at developed argumentation,\" are deemed waived. ", "United States v. Johnson, 440 F.3d 832, 846 (6th Cir.2006). ", "Some of our decisions go so far as to suggest that waived arguments are \"not reviewable\" by this court; e.g. Dixon v. Ashcroft, 392 F.3d 212, 217 (6th Cir.2004); Robinson v. Jones, 142 F.3d 905, 906 (6th Cir. ", "1998); Boyd v. Ford Motor Co., 948 F.2d 283, 284 (6th Cir. ", "1991); while elsewhere we suggest that this court has the option of considering or ignoring the waived arguments as we see fit; e.g., Priddy v. Edelman, 883 F.2d 438, 446 (6th Cir.1989). ", "Even assuming we have complete discretion to entertain or to ignore the coerced confession argument, I do not believe addressing the issue is appropriate here.", "\n\n\n39\nAt oral argument this panel sought an explanation from the government as to why the coerced confession issue, to which a substantial portion of the government's oral argument was devoted, was absent from the government's brief. ", "The government responded that it focused on the district court's determination of deficient performance because it believed the court's analysis of this issue to be more obviously flawed, but stated that it did not intend to waive the argument that McCalvin's confession was not coerced. ", "I do not believe such an explanation can excuse the government's failure to brief the issue. ", "The government may not depend upon this court to assume that it is advancing every available argument; the petitioner certainly enjoys no such benefit. ", "In cases where a district court has granted relief to a habeas petitioner, it is not this court's place, as a neutral adjudicatory body, to search the record for grounds upon which to reverse a grant of the writ.", "\n\n\n40\nEven if the issue of the voluntariness of McCalvin's confession had been properly preserved for appeal, I would affirm the district court's determination of the issue. ", "McCalvin was taken into custody around 1:30 a.m. and her interrogation began some time between 3:30 and 5:00 a.m. JA 857-58, 861. ", "During several hours of interrogation conducted by Detectives Palmer and Shadwell, McCalvin consistently maintained, both orally and in a written statement of her own drafting, that she accidentally pulled her car forward while thinking it was in reverse. ", "Detective Helgert took over the interrogation at approximately 7:30 or 8:00 a.m. and proceeded to interrogate McCalvin for another hour and a half. ", "JA 570-71. ", "Detective Helgert testified that he told McCalvin that \"it was very important ... to explain why she did what she did,\" because if they believed she intended to kill the victim she would be charged with murder. ", "JA 578. ", "He suggested she provide a statement that she intended only to scare or hurt the victim. ", "JA 577. ", "Detective Helgert told McCalvin that if she were convicted of first degree murder she would go to jail for life and have \"no contact\" with her family, including her children. ", "JA 650. ", "Helgert testified that he posed a question to McCalvin along the lines of, \"Did you intend to kill her, or were you just intending to scare her, or just to hurt her? ", "Those various choices.\" ", "He testified that \"her answer was the least of several, `I just intended to scare her.'\" ", "JA 641. ", "Detective Helgert eventually wrote out a list of questions, to which McCalvin provided very brief written responses. ", "In response to the question, \"Did you intend to kill anyone with your BMW last night?\", ", "McCalvin wrote, \"No.\" ", "In response to the immediately following question, \"What was the reason for accelerating your BMW so fast up Linell's driveway?\", ", "McCalvin wrote, \"To scare.\" ", "McCalvin had no opportunity to sleep during the course of her time in police custody and her interrogation (from approximately 1:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m.). ", "JA 513. ", "She testified that during the interrogation she was \"in shock\" and \"numb.\" ", "JA 861. ", "Given the totality of the circumstances, including the lateness of the hour and McCalvin's lack of sleep, the length of the interrogation and repetitive nature of the questioning, the explicit threat of the loss of contact with her children, and the implicit suggestion that if she chose the \"least\" of three choices regarding intent then she would escape these consequences, the facts support a conclusion that McCalvin's will was overborne. ", "See Schneckloth v. Bustamonte, 412 U.S. 218, 226, 93 S.Ct. ", "2041, 36 L.Ed.2d 854 (1973) (listing deprivation of sleep, length of interrogation, and repetitive nature of questioning among factors to consider in evaluating coerciveness); Lynumn v. Illinois, 372 U.S. 528, 532-34, 83 S.Ct. ", "917, 9 L.Ed.2d 922 (1963) (considering threats involving defendant's children in finding coercion).", "\n\n\n41\nAt the very least, McCalvin is entitled to a remand for an evidentiary hearing as to whether her confession was coerced. ", "The record contains several discrepancies between McCalvin's and Detective Helgert's recollections of the events, including statements that would go to the heart of her coercion claim. ", "For instance, McCalvin testified, \"[Helgert] just kept telling me that he was trying to help me, and I had to change my story ... because [the victim] was dead ... And they were going to charge me with First Degree Murder ... And he told me that I wouldn't see my family or my kids, and that the People was going to contact my kids the next day.\" ", "JA 865-66. ", "She stated, \"I was scared, I was numb, I didn't know what to do, and I asked him ... what did he want me to do?\" ", "She further stated, \"He told me that — you know, if I change my statement and say I meant to scare her then I could go home ... And the Prosecutor probably would just throw it out and wouldn't charge me with anything.\" ", "JA 868. ", "The majority opinion emphasizes that \"Helgert never admitted to promising McCalvin anything.\" ", "Majority Opinion at 7. ", "But neither the Michigan Court of Appeals's opinion nor the district court's opinion contains findings of fact crediting either witness's testimony above the other's. ", "I believe that McCalvin's assertions, if true, describe a situation that is not reasonably distinguishable from the promises of leniency found to be coercive in Lynumn, 372 U.S. at 532-34, 83 S.Ct. ", "917, 9 L.Ed.2d 922 (1963). ", "Upon the record available to this court, I believe we cannot conclude that the district court erred in granting McCalvin habeas relief.", "\n\n\n42\nII. ", "Procedural default and ineffective assistance of counsel\n\n\n43\nAlthough the majority opinion does not reach the issue, I also believe that the district court correctly concluded that McCalvin's coercion argument was not procedurally barred under AEDPA. ", "A petitioner may overcome a state procedural bar to habeas review by demonstrating both an external cause for the procedural default, e.g., constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel, and actual prejudice. ", "Maupin v. Smith, 785 F.2d 135, 138 (6th Cir.1986). ", "Although a failure to file a suppression motion does not constitute per se ineffective assistance of counsel, the decision must reflect a sound trial strategy and not counsel's mistaken understanding of the law. ", "Kimmelman v. Morrison, 477 U.S. 365, 384-85, 106 S.Ct. ", "2574, 91 L.Ed.2d 305 (1986).", "\n\n\n44\nThe Michigan Court of Appeals's conclusion that McCalvin's counsel was not ineffective is impossible to square with its conclusion that McCalvin's suppression motion was untimely and procedurally barred under state law. ", "Counsel's postponement of his suppression motion until the motion was procedurally barred by state law cannot reflect a sound trial strategy. ", "The attorney's professed \"strategy\" of eliciting more truthful testimony from the officer under cross-examination regarding the voluntariness of the confession, see JA 113-15, is useless if the confession cannot be excluded after the jury has heard the officer's testimony. ", "It may be argued that the trial judge had the discretion under Michigan law to grant the defense counsel's motion at the end of the witness's testimony, and that defense counsel took a reasonably calculated risk that the motion would be granted given the circumstances. ", "If this were so, then Michigan law did not supply an adequate and independent procedural ground for barring habeas review of McCalvin's motion, see Deitz v. Money, 391 F.3d 804, 810-11 (6th Cir.2004) (holding rule giving discretion to court to grant delayed appeals without specifying criteria for exercising discretion is not adequate state ground to deny habeas review), and a finding of ineffective assistance is unnecessary to reach the merits of McCalvin's coerced confession claim.", "\n\nIII. ", "Conclusion\n\n45\nGiven the obvious deficiency of McCalvin's counsel and the government's waiver of the issue of whether McCalvin's confession was coerced, I would affirm the district court's grant of the writ. ", "Even if this court were to revisit the merits of McCalvin's coercion claim despite the government's waiver of the issue, I would vacate and remand for a full and fair evidentiary hearing on the issue. ", "I therefore respectfully dissent from the majority's decision to reverse the judgment of the district court.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.0011602593585848808, 0.0013787426287308335, 0.0009158139582723379, 0.0008395162876695395, 0.0006451637018471956, 0.0005957995890639722, 0.0006370576447807252, 0.0006273144972510636, 0.0006158577161841094, 0.000638608995359391, 0.0006306797149591148, 0.0007079910137690604, 0.0006886995979584754, 0.0006346789887174964, 0.0007163129630498588, 0.0010229158215224743, 0.01899375580251217, 0.0009388551115989685, 0.0010915077291429043, 0.0010035134619101882, 0.0007374735432676971, 0.000859077787026763, 0.0006703981198370457, 0.005008128471672535, 0.005588019732385874, 0.07567106187343597, 0.0006471395026892424, 0.0008447497966699302, 0.024698983877897263, 0.0010223999852314591, 0.0006539224414154887, 0.0007090619765222073, 0.001019200892187655, 0.0017562245484441519, 0.0007487654220312834, 0.0016040954506024718, 0.0006764427525922656, 0.0009632371948100626, 0.0006082843174226582, 0.0005889623425900936, 0.0033869619946926832, 0.0006833089282736182, 0.0006390035268850625, 0.000703951925970614, 0.0008738908800296485, 0.0010380825260654092, 0.000669953238684684, 0.0014916827203705907, 0.0011701175244525075, 0.0007342124590650201, 0.0007889361586421728, 0.0017404203535988927, 0.0022122967056930065, 0.0008320497581735253, 0.0008962725405581295, 0.0006188753177411854, 0.000633731484413147, 0.0011521351989358664, 0.002788796089589596, 0.0012936698039993644, 0.0006425740430131555, 0.001301972079090774, 0.0009084490593522787, 0.0009683098178356886, 0.000781135750003159, 0.006875180173665285, 0.0008985084714367986, 0.0007021750789135695, 0.0008505446021445096, 0.0008352255681529641, 0.0008479401003569365, 0.0007318753632716835, 0.0007845766376703978, 0.28730520606040955, 0.0008962447755038738, 0.000726071186363697, 0.37284135818481445, 0.0006981528713367879, 0.0008189415675587952, 0.0011577195255085826, 0.0008042618283070624, 0.0012063742615282536, 0.000739810464438051, 0.35224732756614685, 0.0007939900970086455, 0.37284135818481445, 0.0007772059761919081, 0.35224732756614685, 0.000710923399310559, 0.000810194353107363, 0.0008226982899941504, 0.0008165645413100719, 0.0007082042866386473, 0.0006468422943726182, 0.0007284480379894376, 0.0008386236731894314, 0.000773370498791337, 0.0007599862874485552, 0.0009112395928241313, 0.0009383140131831169, 0.0007675845990888774, 0.0008964625303633511, 0.0008705303771421313, 0.0007863894570618868, 0.0009332452900707722, 0.0008705303771421313, 0.0007149192388169467, 0.0009623547084629536, 0.0008705303771421313, 0.0007031705463305116, 0.0006565126241184771, 0.0017092834459617734, 0.000611106981523335, 0.0009885921608656645, 0.0006247691926546395, 0.0008407523273490369, 0.0010542148957028985, 0.0008705303771421313, 0.0010470648994669318, 0.0009378716349601746, 0.0008706137305125594, 0.0007129206787794828, 0.0008747251704335213, 0.0006230678991414607, 0.000820729008410126, 0.0007414341671392322, 0.0009523863554932177, 0.0007217102684080601, 0.0006531902472488582, 0.0007168630254454911, 0.0005830908776260912, 0.0008951004128903151, 0.0007047003600746393, 0.0006301957182586193, 0.0010274872183799744, 0.0009987254161387682, 0.0007016299641691148, 0.0008291414123959839, 0.0009987254161387682, 0.0006658301572315395, 0.000562345318030566, 0.0009665207471698523, 0.0006826690514571965, 0.0005978805129416287, 0.0009888417553156614, 0.0007235858938656747, 0.0005873106420040131, 0.0009508663788437843, 0.0007271389476954937, 0.0005665948265232146, 0.0007037115283310413, 0.0006833082297816873, 0.0007567104185000062, 0.0006301626563072205, 0.0006362927379086614, 0.0007504788227379322, 0.000655327457934618, 0.0007214479264803231, 0.0010673307115212083, 0.0006472973618656397, 0.0006162727950140834, 0.0007329373038373888, 0.0007124280091375113, 0.0007633533678017557, 0.0009648623527027667, 0.001113755744881928, 0.009701537899672985, 0.0010502642253413796, 0.001113755744881928, 0.0007234903168864548, 0.0009778323583304882, 0.001113755744881928, 0.0006352566415444016, 0.0010502642253413796, 0.001113755744881928, 0.0006487518548965454, 0.001939013134688139, 0.0010502642253413796, 0.001113755744881928, 0.0007755458354949951, 0.0008317508618347347, 0.000745620985981077, 0.0006924961344338953, 0.0007007798994891346, 0.0008342499495483935, 0.0006797884707339108, 0.0007927241967990994, 0.005972829181700945, 0.0008140865829773247, 0.001113755744881928, 0.0007794310804456472, 0.0006741921533830464, 0.0009778323583304882, 0.001113755744881928, 0.000974237744230777, 0.0008569398778490722, 0.0009729285375215113, 0.0006746150320395827, 0.0005646332865580916, 0.0007069961866363883, 0.0006544302450492978, 0.0007790916715748608, 0.0006980018806643784, 0.0006547577795572579, 0.0006982087506912649, 0.0021346979774534702, 0.0007206014124676585, 0.0009839957347139716, 0.001027186750434339, 0.0007117209024727345, 0.0005866955034434795, 0.0009837571997195482, 0.0008706137305125594, 0.0008924211724661291, 0.0013311950024217367, 0.0005635934066958725, 0.0005813675234094262, 0.0005545063177123666, 0.0009479342261329293, 0.0007673026993870735, 0.0007103910320438445, 0.0008445091661997139, 0.0008097995305433869, 0.0006213958258740604, 0.0006989124231040478, 0.0006565949297510087, 0.0009942983742803335, 0.000620233709923923, 0.0006463064346462488, 0.0007373906555585563, 0.0008162082522176206, 0.0006275946507230401, 0.0006421423749998212, 0.0007890050183050334, 0.0009987254161387682, 0.0007445726078003645, 0.0005810875445604324, 0.000665958970785141, 0.0009045363985933363, 0.0006318028899841011, 0.0010161303216591477, 0.0024140519089996815, 0.0177023783326149, 0.002013013930991292, 0.004776953719556332, 0.0006475269328802824, 0.0006088492809794843, 0.0006667461711913347, 0.000641082355286926, 0.0007767569040879607, 0.0007031380664557219, 0.000892306852620095, 0.0007692852523177862, 0.0006143911741673946, 0.0007137011270970106, 0.0007382399635389447, 0.0006335672806017101, 0.0007137011270970106, 0.0006774695357307792, 0.0006980373873375356, 0.0007005512015894055, 0.0007292468217201531, 0.0007201438420452178, 0.0007847463130019605, 0.0006680730148218572, 0.0005999868735671043, 0.0007674412336200476, 0.0006639686762355268, 0.0007162668625824153, 0.0006598705076612532, 0.000621731742285192, 0.0005805975524708629, 0.0006466434570029378, 0.0008319339831359684, 0.0007113483152352273, 0.0007921279757283628, 0.0006857438711449504, 0.0008881844114512205, 0.0005940248374827206, 0.0007217484526336193, 0.0007991730235517025, 0.023045802488923073, 0.0009785313159227371, 0.005701902322471142, 0.0009695409098640084, 0.13176032900810242, 0.0010291708167642355, 0.0333116315305233, 0.0006396560929715633, 0.0021511262748390436, 0.000965403625741601, 0.0007049374398775399, 0.1924370676279068, 0.0007089579594321549, 0.0007473293226212263, 0.002286443253979087, 0.000878400111105293, 0.0010138979414477944, 0.001702386885881424, 0.0009442276204936206, 0.0007205629372037947, 0.000791915983427316, 0.0007163436384871602, 0.0008976511307992041, 0.0007263888837769628, 0.0008647091453894973, 0.0012680388754233718, 0.0008297192398458719, 0.0008661377360112965, 0.002365906722843647, 0.000994006171822548, 0.0006969778332859278, 0.0006946134963072836, 0.0006923776818439364, 0.0007139875087887049, 0.0007414341671392322, 0.0006811778875999153, 0.0011442395625635982, 0.0006579784094356, 0.0008164980681613088, 0.0008902272093109787, 0.0007215957739390433, 0.0008259069290943444, 0.0007060498464852571, 0.0007189034367911518, 0.0006900819134898484, 0.0007583762053400278, 0.0006269869627431035, 0.0007884679362177849, 0.001242899103090167, 0.0006127216038294137, 0.0006966793444007635, 0.0007200861582532525, 0.001996299484744668 ]

[ "Q:\n\nPHP: End and start a new after 6 rows\n\nI want to make a table, and then for each 6 rows should have a tr, and then the rows are inside td.", "\nSo example:\n<tr>\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td> // 1\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td> // 2\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td> // 3\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td> // 4\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td> // 5\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td> // 6\n</tr> <tr> // start new tr after 6 rows\n...repeat the tds\n\nHow can i do something like this?", "\nI have tried myself doing\n<tr> \n<?", "php\nwhile ($show == mysql_fetch_array($query)){ ?", ">\n<td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td>\n<?", "php } ?", ">\n</tr>\n\nBut as you can see this just inserts everything in one tr..\nThank you\n\nA:\n\n<tr> \n<?", "php\n$c = 0; // Our counter\n$n = 6; // Each Nth iteration would be a new table row\nwhile ($show = mysql_fetch_array($query))\n{\n if($c % $n == 0 && $c !", "= 0) // If $c is divisible by $n...\n {\n // New table row\n echo '</tr><tr>';\n }\n $c++;\n ?", ">\n <td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td>\n <?", "php\n} ?", ">\n</tr>\n\nRelated links:\n\nModulus operator (%) on php.net\n\nA:\n\nCount the number of lines if the modulo 6 is null then echo the </tr><tr>\n<tr> \n<?", "php\n$i=0;\nwhile ($show == mysql_fetch_array($query)){ ?", ">\n <td><?php echo $show[id]; ?", "></td>\n <?", "php if(++$i%6 == 0) echo '</tr><tr>'; ?", ">\n<?", "php } ?", ">\n</tr>\n\nA:\n\nYou can do:\n<tr>\n<?", "php\n$count = 0;\nwhile ($show = mysql_fetch_array($query)){ \n if($count == 6) {\n $count = 0;\n echo \"</tr> <tr>\";\n }\n echo \"<td>\".$show[id].\"</td>\";\n $count++;\n}\n</tr>\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0011756097665056586, 0.0008263092604465783, 0.0008873435435816646, 0.0008881907560862601, 0.0008887372096069157, 0.0008896526414901018, 0.0008982722065411508, 0.0011792626464739442, 0.0006866227486170828, 0.0007263639126904309, 0.0008567676413804293, 0.0009711902239359915, 0.0009003423620015383, 0.0005886965664103627, 0.0022875030990689993, 0.0011237341677770019, 0.0008567676413804293, 0.0009711902239359915, 0.0009003423620015383, 0.0013037794269621372, 0.0011511397315189242, 0.0008567676413804293, 0.0009711902239359915, 0.0010920994682237506, 0.0010391660034656525, 0.0009003423620015383, 0.0012343322159722447, 0.0011663873447105289 ]

[ "Alabama Shakes Tickets - Alabama Shakes Tour\n\nAlabama Shakes delivers their bluesy, rock n' roll sound in tunes like \"Hold On,\" \"You Ain't Alone\" and \"I Ain't the Same.\" ", "Audiences have been clamoring for tickets to see Alabama Shakes LIVE in concert before they ever released an album! ", "Buy your Alabama Shakes concert tickets now!", "\n\nAlabama Shakes tickets are currently unavailable. ", "Be the first to get email alerts and exclusive discounts\nfor Alabama Shakes tickets. ", "Complete the form below and click 'Subscribe'.", "\n\nFirst time subscribers! ", "Get 10% off Alabama Shakes tickets when you sign up for Insider Alerts.", "\n\nAlabama Shakes Concert Tickets\n\nA number of standout bands emerged during 2012, but Alabama Shakes was the top of many critics' lists. ", "The blues and garage rock-influenced foursome brought a sound not heard for years and Alabama Shakes tickets have become some of the most popular items around.", "\n\nAlabama Shakes owes its powerful sound to the lead vocals of Brittany Howard, who provides a throwback vibe that mixes well with the modern spin the band puts on blues. ", "Howard formed the band with bassist Zac Cockrell in 2009, and after adding two more talented musicians, Alabama quickly developed a loyal fan following. ", "By the end of 2011, it was clear they were destined for big things. ", "Before the band dropped their first album their wide appeal already saw them sharing the stage with names like Gotye and Kendrick Lamar.", "\n\nThe band released its debut album, Boys & Girls, in 2012 and it was an immediate hit among both critics and fans. ", "The record featured a number of soon-to-be classic tracks including \"Hang Loose\" and \"Hold On,\" which earned the band a Grammy nomination for best rock performance.", "\n\nAlabama Shakes have become renowned for being one of the best live bands touring today. ", "Howard and the gang established themselves as a music festival staple in 2012, something which will certainly continue into the future.", "\n\nTicketsNow is the Internet's best source for premium sports, concert and theater tickets. ", "Since 1999, TicketsNow has provided consumers a safe and easy way to purchase tickets to the world's top events." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0011392093729227781, 0.0007525610271841288, 0.0026772816199809313, 0.0005924202268943191, 0.0006832145154476166, 0.0006172915454953909, 0.0009294849587604403, 0.0027464136946946383, 0.000612632546108216, 0.0007230017217807472, 0.000752018706407398, 0.0006487184436991811, 0.0006083695334382355, 0.000703410420101136, 0.0006702888058498502, 0.0007220098632387817, 0.0006636495818383992, 0.0006167120300233364, 0.0006679078214801848, 0.0005932581843808293 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to send SMS through Asp.net Web Application\n\nHow to send SMS from asp.net web application?", "\nIs it necessary to buy from any provider?", "\nIs there any limitation of number of SMS can be sent?", "\nShould sending SMS code be written in different thread so that in case of any exception/delay main thread will not be affected?", "\nCan anybody please provide code sample as well as concept of how it works?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou will need to utilize some sort of telephony provider to achieve this. ", "I personally am a big fan of Twilio. ", "They are very reasonable rates and expose an API with language specific API wrappers. ", ".NET in particular has several, including an official one.", "\nCode samples and walkthroughs are available here.", "\nThe performance impact is minimal, as you essentially construct an XML message that gets passed to a Twilio endpoint. ", "The heavy lifting is off your shoulders as its more a system of passing and receiving XML messages.", "\nHope that helps, it is a very easy platform to work with.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0007577076321467757, 0.0008628967334516346, 0.0007416136213578284, 0.0007240732084028423, 0.0005932276253588498, 0.0005977052496746182, 0.0009896367555484176, 0.0005869315355084836, 0.0006004130118526518, 0.0006113959243521094, 0.0006402233266271651, 0.0012213157024234533, 0.0005420465022325516, 0.001996299484744668 ]

[ "Notes From the Margins…\n\nMain menu\n\nPost navigation\n\nGaza: Who Won?", "\n\nAfter seven weeks of horrendous violence, the third Gaza war is over, leaving an eye-wateringly lop-sided audit of destruction. ", "On the Palestinian side, more than 2,143 people have been killed, included more than 400 children, and thousands injured. ", "17, 200 homes have been destroyed, and 100, 000 Palestinians made homeless.", "\n\nIsrael has levelled high rise apartment blocks and whole neighborhoods. ", "It has attacked schools, agriculture, camel herds, hospitals, sewage and electricity plants, in a callous and ruthless campaign of destruction that would have earned universal condemnation had it been carried out by any other state.", "\n\nAgainst this, Hamas and the other Palestinian organizations have killed 70 Israelis, 64 of them soldiers, and damaged the Israeli economy and tourist industry. ", "Despite the immense firepower unleashed on Gaza, Israel’s strategic position is little different now than it was when the war began. ", "The rockets have stopped firing, but then they wouldn’t have been fired in the first place had Netanyahu not done everything in his power to provoke them.", "\n\nDespite Israel’s attempts to ‘degrade’ Hamas and its ‘terror infrastructure’, Hamas and the Islamist fighting organizations were not crushed, but emerged from the war with their prestige enhanced amongst Palestinians, and also in the wider world, through a tenacious, courageous and skilful resistance that was not present in the two previous confrontations.", "\n\nHamas could not have resisted for so long without the support of the Gazan population, which continued to support the armed fighters day after day through one of the most ferocious and unrelenting assaults in modern times – an assault that was deliberately designed to turn ordinary Gazans against them. ", "In doing so, Gaza won a moral and political victory that will resonate for years to come, and will make it much harder for Israel and its international allies to re-impose the corrupt and compliant Palestinian Authority on its population.", "\n\nThis outcome does not amount to a Hamas ‘victory’ however, and such claims are overstated. ", "The ceasefire agreement has not ended the siege of Gaza. ", "Despite the apparent commitments that it entails, such as the extension of fishing limits, further discussions on the opening of a seaport and airport etc, there is no clear framework for implementation, and no guarantee that Israel will not renege on them in the months to come, or make them conditional on the demilitarisation of Hamas – something that would be political suicide for the latter to accept.", "\n\nThe destruction and suffering endured by the Gazans during the last seven weeks has been too widespread, intense and traumatic to call this outcome a victory, even by the criteria of ‘asymmetrical’ conflict. ", "It is true that ‘battlefield’ victories are not the most significant factor in such confrontations, but moral and political victories in conflicts against a militarily more powerful opponent are only significant when such an opponent no longer has the political will to continue fighting, either because its population won’t support the war or because its allies desert it.", "\n\nNeither of these conditions applies to Israel, despite its inability to crush Hamas in three major wars, and despite the enormous groundswell of popular sympathy from the Palestinians worldwide. ", "On the contrary, the Gaza war received massive support from the Israeli population that was more overtly racist than in any of its predecessors. ", "It is now clear that many – perhaps most – Israelis are prepared to accept with equanimity some of the more extreme and genocidal proposals that were once limited to the hard Zionist fringe, from the complete destruction of the Gaza Strip to a new population ‘transfer’.", "\n\nIt is also clear that many of Israel’s allies would also accept it. ", "Despite some mild criticism and a great deal of handwringing, neither the US, the EU or Britain, did anything significant to stop the destruction. ", "As in Lebanon in 2006, the ‘international community’ effectively colluded with the devastation, while pretending to be horrified by it, in the hope that Israel would achieve its war aims and destroy Hamas.", "\n\nIsrael’s supporters, from Hollywood actors to liberal columnists in the Guardian, were equally willing to support even the most ‘disproportionate’ violence – while bearing their aching hearts on their sleeves as always – by spuriously invoking Israel’s ‘right to self-defense’ and denying such a right to the occupied population, or endlessly blaming Hamas and reproducing Hasbara fictions about ‘human shields.’ ", "This will continue, one suspects, even if Israel were to completely destroy the Gaza strip.", "\n\nOfficially, the Arab world has been even more pathetic than usual. ", "Throughout the conflict, no Arab government lifted a finger to help the Palestinians, and Egypt and its Saudi backers were clearly more concerned with defeating Hamas. ", "This means that, unlike the Algerians against the French, or the Vietnamese, say, the Gazans are extremely isolated, perhaps more so than ever before – at the level of the state. ", "at least\n\nHamas knows all this, otherwise it would not have agreed to a ceasefire that gave it so little, and which can so easily be undermined.", "\n\nThat said, the political balance of the war is definitely tilted towards the Palestinians. ", "They are the ones cheering in the streets of Gaza City, while the Israeli public is turning on Netanyahu – a politician who combines recklessness, incompetence and cynicism in equal measure. ", "They are the ones who stood up to a military superpower and gave a demonstration of resistance that recalls the defense of Grozny and –uncomfortably for Israel – the Warsaw Ghetto.", "\n\nThe condemnations of Israel’s actions from Latin American governments, politicians like Sayeeda Warsi, and Holocaust survivors, and worldwide demonstrations in support of the Palestinians – all these developments are only part of a wider shift in international public opinion that may well define Operation Protective Edge as a watershed moment in the history of the occupation, and one day lead to real political pressure of the type that once helped bring about the collapse of apartheid.", "\n\nHopefully, Netanyahu’s savage war may also galvanize and reinvigorate Palestinian resistance both in the Occupied Territories and inside Israel itself – in ways that can mobilize the whole population not just armed fighters. ", ".Again and again the Palestinians have demonstrated a stubborn unwillingness to do what Israel, the ‘international community’ and the Arab world demands of them. ", "They know that justice – and their survival as a people – depends on their own efforts.", "\n\nGaza has pushed such resilience to the outer limits. ", "But no people can continue to resist indefinitely against military assaults of such intensity. ", "The Gazans have no safe havens or bases of support and resupply. ", "Another war like this could break Gaza to pieces. ", "So we really can’t say that ‘Hamas won’ – or that Israel lost.", "\n\nThe outcome of this war will be decided not only by what the Palestinians have done, or will do, but by the international solidarity that can be mobilized to break down the walls that have kept Gazans imprisoned for the last ten years, that can help them survive the coming weeks and months and rebuild their shattered society once again, that can ultimately isolate Israel bring down the edifice of support that has enabled its leaders to get away with so much for so long, and ensure that the most terrible of the three Gaza wars is the last." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007466918905265629, 0.010960626415908337, 0.010807085782289505, 0.049930814653635025, 0.010617941617965698, 0.0018630363047122955, 0.02402735874056816, 0.0019748802296817303, 0.0013004755601286888, 0.0013675009831786156, 0.002129758009687066, 0.03385656327009201, 0.0007655677036382258, 0.0006397859542630613, 0.0007040798082016408, 0.0008636550628580153, 0.0008482649573124945, 0.0009447576012462378, 0.0038384797517210245, 0.002658515702933073, 0.0007579781231470406, 0.000694219081196934, 0.0030620452016592026, 0.0020003914833068848, 0.04649714380502701, 0.27288734912872314, 0.0011168166529387236, 0.0008851387538015842, 0.0007006711093708873, 0.0008513615466654301, 0.0088557293638587, 0.002365618711337447, 0.0007459816988557577, 0.012200779281556606, 0.01203668862581253, 0.001122897258028388, 0.0007892276044003665, 0.0006822928553447127, 0.008108834736049175, 0.3792271614074707, 0.012269709259271622, 0.002247971249744296 ]

[ "Subscribe to our newsletter and you will be the first to know about our exciting new arrivals, awesome special offers, competitions and exclusive, tailored rewards.", "\n\nThank You for Signing Up!", "\n\nREWARD\n\nYou can change your mind at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link in the footer of any email you receive from us, or simply contact us at info@dotmaison.com. ", "By subscribing you are agreeing to our privacy policy which is available on our website. ", "We respect your privacy, we do not sell, rent or abuse our customer email list. ", "We use Mailchimp as our marketing platform. ", "By clicking above to subscribe, you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing. ", "Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here.", "\n\nContact us\n\nContact us\n\nPlease fill in the form below and we will usually get back to you within 1 business day.", "\n\nPlease fill in the form below and we will usually get back to you within 1 business day.", "\n\nTowels & Robes\n\nGet ready for bed with children’s towels and bathrobes from designers such as Descamps. ", "Discover lovely luxurious, soft cotton, super-absorbent bath towels and robes, perfect for wrapping your little treasures in after their bedtime bubble bath.", "\n\nYou've recently looked at....Recently viewed....\n\nOUTSTANDING SERVICEOUTSTANDING SERVICE\n\nExcellent service and the towels arrived on time. ", "Great quality and would purchase from Dotmaison again.", "\nRead More" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005580680444836617, 0.0005473621422424912, 0.0007070066058076918, 0.0006501125753857195, 0.001179229118861258, 0.000707110099028796, 0.0005533299990929663, 0.0007053958252072334, 0.0005765408859588206, 0.0005569900968112051, 0.0393194854259491, 0.001512640854343772, 0.0005600051954388618, 0.0006608907133340836, 0.0007912317523732781 ]

[ "Posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and psychological distress in adolescent survivors of cancer.", "\nOnly recently have researchers begun to empirically examine positive outcomes such as posttraumatic growth in adolescent cancer. ", "This article examines associations between posttraumatic growth, coping strategies, and psychological distress in adolescent cancer survivors. ", "Adolescents who finished cancer treatment 2 to 10 years prior (N = 31) completed self-report measures of posttraumatic growth, coping, symptomatology, and disease-related characteristics. ", "Younger age at diagnosis and less use of avoidant coping strategies predicted lower levels of psychological distress. ", "Adolescents' beliefs that they were more likely to relapse and the use of more acceptance coping strategies predicted higher levels of posttraumatic growth. ", "Adolescent cancer survivors may be capable of experiencing posttraumatic growth. ", "Those who believe they are more prone to relapse and use more acceptance coping strategies are likely to have higher levels of posttraumatic growth. ", "As health care professionals encourage adolescent cancer survivors to use fewer avoidant coping strategies, they can also encourage survivors to use more acceptance coping strategies." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.001186392386443913, 0.0009681644733063877, 0.0008132871589623392, 0.0006854959647171199, 0.0007459745975211263, 0.0006766990991309285, 0.0010625057620927691, 0.0006686271517537534, 0.0008211882668547332 ]

[ "# about captcha image\nIMAGE_HEIGHT = 48\nIMAGE_WIDTH = 128\nCHAR_SETS = 'abcdefghijklmnpqrstuvwxyz123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ'\nCLASSES_NUM = len(CHAR_SETS)\nCHARS_NUM = 5\n# for train\nRECORD_DIR = './data'\nTRAIN_FILE = 'train.tfrecords'\nVALID_FILE = 'valid.tfrecords'" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0015972605906426907 ]

[ "India should tax air tickets to pay for AIDS drugs - UN\n\nNEW DELHI, June 5 (AlertNet) - Millions of the world's poorest people could have easier access to life-saving drugs if India introduces an air ticket tax to help fund purchases of cheap medicines for HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, a senior U.N. official said.", "\n\nUNITAID, a U.N. agency which negotiates for cheap medicines from pharmaceutical manufacturers to treat deadly diseases, is lobbying countries such as India to join its air ticket levy initiative which began in 2006.", "\n\nUnder the programme, countries put a nominal amount on the cost of air tickets which funds UNITAID to buy drugs for patients in the developing world. ", "Ten countries have imposed the levy, generating $200 million annually for cheap medicine.", "\n\n\"What we want in India is a similar system by which a very small contribution which is painless to the traveller can be applied to large numbers of travellers,\" UNITAID Executive Director Denis Broun told AlertNet in an interview.", "\n\n\"Since air traffic is very high in India, the small amount of levy makes a huge difference to the amount of drugs that we can purchase and the number of poor who can benefit from them.\"", "\n\nHIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis kill 4.4 million people each year, UNITAID says. ", "Approximately 14.2 million people are in need of anti-retroviral drugs globally, yet more than half cannot afford them.", "\n\nIndia's airlines are reeling under a debt load of $20 billion and lost $2 billion last year, as high fuel prices, a weakening rupee and competition kept fares low and costs high.", "\n\nBut the country boasts the fastest growing air passenger market of major economies with 61 million people travelling last year, and still growing.", "\n\n\"People are saying I am coming at the wrongest possible moment. ", "You hear all these arguments, but they are absolutely bogus. ", "It has no impact on government budgets, airline traffic or the economy.\"", "\n\nWIN-WIN FOR INDIA\n\nBroun, who met civil aviation and health officials, said he was proposing a tax of 10 rupees (18 U.S. cents) on domestic tickets and $1 on international flights. ", "He said discussions were at a very early stage.", "\n\nChile charges $1 per ticket as their levy, while Brazil charges $2 for international flights, he said. ", "French passengers pay one euro for domestic and four euros for international tickets.", "\n\nMali, Mauritius, Madagascar, Cameroon, Congo, Niger and South Korea had also implemented air-ticket levies, said Broun.", "\n\nHe said it was a win-win situation for India as 80 percent of the drugs bought by UNITAID are from Indian pharmaceutical firms and some of which were for Indian patients.", "\n\n\"It would be a good thing for India. ", "First of all, Indian patients benefit - 35,000 Indian children are treated for HIV using drugs paid for by UNITAID,\" he said.", "\n\n\"We buy most of our drugs from India so in a sense what would the tax do? ", "It would go back into the Indian economy into the pharmaceutical sector. ", "So it's difficult to find arguments to say it would be bad.\" (", "AlertNet is a humanitarian news service run by Thomson Reuters Foundation. ", "Visit www.trust.org/alertnet)" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.009482859633862972, 0.0006227478734217584, 0.0006023765308782458, 0.0006993904826231301, 0.0005937152309343219, 0.0045617613941431046, 0.2267688512802124, 0.0016142090316861868, 0.0007333736284635961, 0.0005828338908031583, 0.0006316310027614236, 0.008009840734302998, 0.0006648416165262461, 0.0008291142294183373, 0.0005501670530065894, 0.0006476114504039288, 0.0007320497534237802, 0.0006249159923754632, 0.0006701729143969715, 0.0005329580162651837, 0.007869399152696133, 0.0014322801725938916, 0.0006591590354219079, 0.0006503595504909754, 0.0007305698236450553, 0.0006177912000566721 ]

[ "Fedoseyev\n\nFedoseyev or Fedoseev () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Fedoseyeva or Fedoseeva. ", "It may refer to\nDmitry Fedoseev (born 1965), Russian football player \nLidiya Fedoseyeva-Shukshina (born 1938), Russian actress, wife of Vasily Shukshin\nNikolai Fedoseev (1871–1898), pioneer of Marxism in Russia\nOleg Fedoseyev (1936–2001), Russian long jumper\nVladimir Fedoseyev (born 1932), Russian classical conductor\nVladimir Fedoseev (born 1995), Russian chess grandmaster\n\nSee also\n7741 Fedoseev, a minor planet\n\nCategory:Russian-language surnames" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0008826807024888694, 0.0006444234750233591 ]

[ "This post focuses on the results of adding turbochargers to an otherwise naturally aspirated Z32. ", "We look at two setups, one of which a full blown NA-T build stock internals and stock turbos . ", "The other is a a budget minded NA-T conversion. ", "Both had interesting results on normal 93 octane gas however we were completely surprised by what E85 could do on a NA-T setup with full breather mods. ", "We will be testing several such combinations in the near future and will post them up\n\nThe Budget NA-T\n\nThis car simply had all the stock twin turbo setup bolted on to a NA block. ", "The only upgrades were\n\n2.5 inch turboback exhaust\n\nSingle Pop JWT intake\n\nThe stock TT components were\n\nStock Intercoolers\n\nStock Intercooler piping\n\nStock 370cc twinturbo injectors.", "\n\nStock twinturbo pump\n\nWhat we found rather quickly was that even running a fairly lean 12:1 AFR we were maxing out the 370 cc injectors at wastegate pressure of around 7 psi or so. ", "The car made decent power topping over 300whp while remaining extra conservative on timing. ", "I feel at the very least anyone venturing a NA-T swap should definitely consider upgrading injectors if the want to take full advantage of the upgrade. ", "We found that the power builds progressively and does not fade at all. ", "We hit target boost rather quickly by 2800 rpm. ", "We also found as the revs increased we had a bit of boost creep with the boost climbing by 2.5 psi by redline. ", "since there was no boost controller in play I assume this is simple creep due to the efficiency of the high compression setup.", "\n\nDyno\n\nThe full breather NA-T\n\nThis car has it all. ", "Fresh built NA compression Z32 motor with the following upgrades as listed below.", "\n\nStock NA bottom (pistons and rods) with TT wrist pins.", "\n\nStock 48 P heads gasket matched\n\nStock cams d egreed with bde exhaust cam gears\n\nNissan Stanza throttle bodies\n\nAsh planar intake piping\n\nAsh 2.5 IC piping\n\nAsh massives intercoolers\n\nNismo 740cc\n\nGreddy Profec 2 boost controller\n\nSelin dual intake\n\nD w300 e85 fuel pump\n\nS tock manual turbos\n\nMSP manifolds\n\n3inch Downpipes\n\n3 inch test pipes\n\n3 inch catback\n\nMax pump gas vs E85 and same boost as max pump gas\n\nPump gas topped out around 408 whp and 382 ftlbs at 13 psi. ", "That’s the max we could run before knock. ", "E85 on the same boost allowed us to feed back timing and pick up plenty of power are evidenced above. ", "460whp and 406 ftlbs. ", "Interestingly torque stayed a bit low at the lower boost levels. ", "In my opinion that maybe due to the Greddy profec 2 boost controller which has documented issues controlling boost on twin turbo Z32’s.", "\n\nWith the boost turned up on E85\n\nThis was the result that shocked us. ", "I knew we would make power but to blow away the stock turbo record by a mile was astounding. ", "Its a shame the single fuel pump we were running was not capable of supplying more fuel otherwise with a little tweaking we would have broken the 600 whp mark. ", "Regardless 581 whp and 600 ftlbs was beyond what we expected. ", "It took a well put together motor and a little out of the box thinking to crack this barrier. ", "The owner will be back with additional fuel upgrades to crack 600whp level. ", "As you can see the turbos are unable to keep up with the airflow requirements with the boost dropping quickly after 5500 rpm.", "\n\nIn conclusion, it appears with E85 here to stay NA-T setups are going to be more common and should be here to stay. ", "Stay tuned for more results" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0007675096276216209, 0.0009354646899737418, 0.013279159553349018, 0.0007247065077535808, 0.0008823045645840466, 0.004015943966805935, 0.0007300425786525011, 0.0006703479448333383, 0.0007173427729867399, 0.000597868231125176, 0.0005902301054447889, 0.0006188313709571958, 0.0006272667087614536, 0.11398142576217651, 0.0006166787934489548, 0.0007067621336318552, 0.002469827653840184, 0.03665916621685028, 0.0005986226024106145, 0.0007292725495062768, 0.0006306926370598376, 0.0007586848805658519, 0.000628734240308404, 0.009958796203136444, 0.0101070087403059, 0.0009636745671741664, 0.0006418765988200903, 0.0007706966134719551, 0.000640092184767127, 0.000972328067291528, 0.0006200165371410549 ]

[ "It’s hard to imagine going a day without Google. ", "Directions to a restaurant, a recipe for dinner or a search for a news story you’re curious about – Google’s resourcefulness has become ubiquitous with modern living. ", "There’s a reason ‘Google’ is a verb recognized by the Oxford English Dictionary. ", "While innocuous online interactions might seem forgettable to the individual user, collectively, they can provide deep insight, signal larger trends and even predict offline behaviour.", "\n\nThe first iteration of Google Trends was launched in 2006, and has been continually upgraded since. ", "Its current version allows users to track news stories and the words and phrases used in searches, breaking them down by time and location. ", "Google Trends also provides data on the type of search (web, image, news, Google Shopping or YouTube) and related top and rising topics and queries.", "\n\nThis resource has inspired researchers of all kinds to apply its open data to their fields of study. ", "Sociologists have used to it examine parents’ curiosity surrounding their child’s weight or intelligence, while investors have tried to find connections between behavioural changes with searches and stock prices. ", "News editors and producers can use the tool to map out how stories and pop culture trends are resonating. ", "After Donald Trump’s success on Super Tuesday, The Globe and Mail, as part of its analysis, reported that Americans searching ‘moving to Canada’ spiked.", "\n\nIn all cases, this data enables researchers or curious members of the general public with the ability to monitor and understand regional breakdowns and related searches. ", "The ﾑmoving to Canada’ sentiment was most popular in Norfolk, Virginia, and related searches mentioned Donald Trump or Raven Symone, a celebrity whose musing on the subject grabbed headlines. ", "Further, the ﾑmoving to Canada’ search has skyrocketed since the beginning of February and the volume is still strong moving into March.", "\n\nBeyond exploring trends, can Google actually forecast the future? ", "Could it, for example, predict the outcome of an election?", "\n\nRecent updates to Google Trends now provide enough granular, real-time data to allow users to track behaviour in key regions and correlate it with expected electoral outcomes. ", "The New York Times recently examined Google searches in states prior to their caucuses and primaries, finding that electoral results in New Hampshire, South Carolina and Nevada closely aligned with their respective shares of search volume.", "\n\nObvious doubts about this predictive model persist: just because someone Googles Donald Trump, doesn’t mean they’ll vote for him. ", "However, with recent data showing the power earned media coverage can have on popular appeal, it’s not hard to see why someone’s interest in a candidate on Google can correspond with real-life support at the ballot box. ", "Here in Canada, Google Trends accurately forecasted Justin Trudeau’s win in October. ", "While Stephen Harper began the campaign as the most searched leader, Trudeau ended the campaign far ahead of his Conservative and NDP counterparts. ", "Notably, despite leading public opinion polling in August, Thomas Mulcair remained a distant third in Google Trends for the duration of the campaign, forecasting his party’s relegation to third party status.", "\n\nWhile promising and certainly interesting, Google Trends creates what some experts call ‘Big Data Hubris’, the false assumption that new tools can replace, rather than complement, traditional research methods. ", "One notable example of this is Google Flu Trends. ", "First launched in 2009, it tracked regional searches of flu-related terms and was able to predict outbreaks two weeks before the United States Center of Disease Control was able to do so. ", "However, shortly after, this predictive model was found to be deeply flawed, as it was unable to predict the swine flu epidemic and missed the peak of the 2013 flu season by 140 per cent.", "\n\nBut why was Google so wrong? ", "Simply put, because humans are the ones doing the searches. ", "In understanding how Google Trends failed, researchers concluded that people weren’t as sick as they thought. ", "Indeed, only 8.8 per cent of people who exhibit flu-like symptoms actually have the virus – explaining why doctor’s offices are unnecessarily clogged during flu season and a user who Googles flu remedies isn’t necessarily inflicted.", "\n\nUntil the crystal ball is perfected, amateur and professional researchers alike will experiment with and refine methodologies. ", "Sourced data will still require human analysis, extraction and perspective for proper qualification and application. ", "At Navigator, we use a library of digital tools to augment our traditional research. ", "While social media listening, Google Trends and other online analytics do not replace our quantitative and qualitative research methods, they do provide insight into how our client’s issues are being consumed and discussed in the age of Twitter and the 24/7 news cycle — insight that many can ill afford to live without." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.00107435486279428, 0.0007733333040960133, 0.0008464834536425769, 0.00056501041399315, 0.0005619836156256497, 0.0005891290493309498, 0.0005608396022580564, 0.0005526221939362586, 0.0006172097637318075, 0.0005788840935565531, 0.0005932027706876397, 0.0005657095462083817, 0.0006029497017152607, 0.0006588183459825814, 0.0006769293686375022, 0.0006219000206328928, 0.00057618209393695, 0.0005656200810335577, 0.0007873601280152798, 0.0005600551376119256, 0.0005698978202417493, 0.0006825308664701879, 0.0006211287691257894, 0.0006078520091250539, 0.0006913184770382941, 0.0005730778211727738, 0.0008211385575123131, 0.0008637942373752594, 0.001519800629466772, 0.004316468257457018, 0.003458722960203886, 0.0006439639255404472, 0.0005215925630182028, 0.0005955026717856526, 0.0007311562658287585 ]

[ "Laura Ashley\n\nLaura Ashley (7 September 1925 – 17 September 1985) was a Welsh fashion designer and businesswoman. ", "She originally made furnishing materials in the 1950s, expanding the business into clothing design and manufacture in the 1960s. ", "The Laura Ashley style is characterised by Romantic English designs — often with a 19th-century rural feel — and the use of natural fabrics.", "\n\nEarly life\nBorn in Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, her Welsh parents lived in London, her mother returned home to allow Laura Mountney to be born in Wales at her grandmother's home, 31 Station Terrace, She was raised in a civil service family as a Strict Baptist. ", "The chapel she attended in Dowlais (Hebron) was Welsh language and although she could not understand it, she loved it, especially the singing. ", "Educated at Marshall's School in Merthyr Tydfil until 1932, she was then sent to the Elmwood School, Croydon. ", "She was evacuated back to Wales aged 13, but with so many World War II evacuees there were no school places left and she attended Aberdare Secretarial School.", "\n\nIn 1942, at age 16, she left school and served in the Women's Royal Naval Service. ", "During this period she met engineer Bernard Ashley at a youth club in Wallington. ", "After the war, Bernard was posted to India with the Gurkhas, and the pair corresponded by letter. ", "From 1945 to 1952, she worked as a secretary for the National Federation of Women's Institutes in London, marrying Bernard in 1949.", "\n\nThe company\n\nWhile working as a secretary and raising her first two children, Ashley undertook some development work for the Women's Institute on quilting. ", "Revisiting the craft she had learnt with her grandmother, she began designing headscarves, napkins, table mats and tea-towels which Bernard printed on a machine he had designed in their attic flat at 83 Cambridge Street, Pimlico.", "\n\nThe couple had invested £10 in wood for the screen frame, dyes and a few yards of linen. ", "Ashley's inspiration to start producing printed fabric came from a Women's Institute display of traditional handicrafts at the Victoria & Albert Museum. ", "When Ashley looked for small patches carrying Victorian designs to help her make patchworks, she found no such thing existed. ", "Here was an opportunity, and she started to print Victorian style headscarves in 1953.", "\n\nThe scarves quickly became successful – retailing both via mail order and at high street chains such as John Lewis – and Bernard left his City job to print fabrics full-time. ", "The company was originally registered as Ashley Mountney (Laura's maiden name), but Bernard changed the name to Laura Ashley because he felt a woman's name was more appropriate for the type of products they were producing. ", "The new company moved to Kent in 1955, but when the third of their four children was born, the family moved to Wales in 1960.", "\n\nLaura Ashley's first shop was opened at 35 Maengwyn Street, Machynlleth, Montgomeryshire, in 1961. ", "The Laura Ashley association is commemorated by a small plaque. ", "The shop sold locally produced honey, walking sticks as well as the couple's own products. ", "Here Laura worked with a seamstress to introduce their first forays into fashion, producing smock like shirts and gardening smocks. ", "The family lived above the shop until moving to Carno, Montgomeryshire. ", "They first set up in the vacant social club, but moved in 1967 to the local railway station, which had been closed two years earlier.", "\n\nPersonal life\nLaura and Bernard Ashley had four children who were all involved with the business. ", "David (born 1954/55), the eldest son, designed the shops; one of the daughters, Jane, was the company photographer; another daughter, Emma, and their second son, Nick, were part of the company's fashion design team. ", "Bernard was the company chairman and Laura kept a close eye on fabrics. ", "The astonishing success of what proved to be the ultimate cottage industry meant that the Ashleys could afford a yacht, a private plane, the French Château de Remaisnil in Picardy, a town-house in Brussels, and the villa Contenta in Lyford Cay, New Providence, Bahamas, later purchased for $8.5 million by T. J. Maloney.", "\n\nDeath\nIn 1985, just after her 60th birthday, Laura Ashley fell down the stairs of her daughter's home in the West Midlands and was taken to hospital in Coventry, where she died ten days later of a brain haemorrhage. ", "She is buried in the churchyard of St John the Baptist, in Carno, Wales.", "\n\nLegacy\nTwo months after her death in 1985, Laura Ashley Holdings went public in a flotation that was 34 times oversubscribed. ", "A memorial plaque to Laura Ashley, at the family's former home 83 Cambridge Street, Pimlico was unveiled on 5 July 1994.", "\n\nSir Bernard Ashley died of cancer on 14 February 2009.", "\n\nFoundation\nThe Laura Ashley Foundation was set up in 1987, to help individuals realise their potential and release talent. ", "The Ashley family are actively involved in its day-to-day running.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nLaura Ashley company (requires Macromedia Flash)\nin the FMD Ashley's entry in the Fashion Model Directory\nNational gallery portraits\nFunding Universe article on Laura Ashley plc\nDesigner portrait on Rosenthalusa.com\n\nCategory:1925 births\nCategory:1985 deaths\nCategory:Accidental deaths from falls\nCategory:Accidental deaths in England\nCategory:People from Dowlais\nCategory:British textile designers\nCategory:British fashion designers\nCategory:20th-century Welsh businesspeople\nCategory:Welsh fashion designers\nCategory:Women company founders\nCategory:Burials in Wales\nCategory:Welsh women in business\nCategory:20th-century businesswomen" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0009762508561834693, 0.0006454010726884007, 0.0006816714885644615, 0.001038272399455309, 0.0006028980715200305, 0.000851365621201694, 0.001469056704081595, 0.0013957256451249123, 0.0006040037842467427, 0.001050670980475843, 0.0006071600364521146, 0.0007051619468256831, 0.0007366548525169492, 0.0005755808670073748, 0.0006559378816746175, 0.0005671348772011697, 0.0009164127986878157, 0.0009401884162798524, 0.0005921255797147751, 0.000636288255918771, 0.0006856831023469567, 0.0006108880625106394, 0.0006639969069510698, 0.005170236807316542, 0.0007952636806294322, 0.0007735087419860065, 0.0006283694528974593, 0.0006435230607166886, 0.0005912576452828944, 0.0006210163119249046, 0.006493045017123222, 0.0008049801690503955, 0.000658706238027662, 0.000614205258898437, 0.006799775641411543, 0.0005471381009556353, 0.0005744408699683845, 0.0006948290392756462 ]

[ "Section 92(10) of the Constitution Act, 1867\n\nSection 92(10) of the Constitution Act, 1867, also known as the works and undertakings power, grants the provincial legislatures of Canada unless otherwise noted in section (c), the authority to legislate on:\n\nSection 92(10)(a) and (b) grants federal jurisdiction over modes of interprovincial and international transportation and communication, leaving intraprovincial transportation and communication to the provinces. ", "Section 92(10)(c), however, applies to works of all types. ", "The Parliament of Canada exercises authority over these three matters under section 91(29), which states:\n\nExtent of jurisdiction\n\nThe Judicial Committee of the Privy Council held that:\n\n \"These works are physical things not services.\"", "\n \"'Undertaking' is not a physical thing but is an arrangement under which of course physical things are used.\"", "\n\nA work or undertaking will be under government control under section 69(10) where it is connecting the province with something outside of the province. ", "This does not mean that physical connection is sufficient. ", "An undertaking will be considered \"connecting\" where business operations extend beyond the provincial border, or has a close operational relationship with an inter-provincial undertaking \n\nThe reference to \"Telegraphs\" has been held to include telephones and radio broadcasting. ", "In the latter case, radio broadcasting was held to have no provincial dimension, and was therefore exclusively a federal matter. ", "That has since been extended to include television and cable television.", "\n\nDeclaratory power under section 92(10)(c)\n\nIn general terms, works declared by the Parliament of Canada to be \"for the general Advantage of Canada\" or \"for the Advantage of Two or more of the Provinces\" tend to be part of the national infrastructure.", "\n\nWhenever parliament invokes the power, it gains not only jurisdiction over the work but also any necessarily incidental operations. ", "In Ontario Hydro v. Ontario (1993), such a declaration had been made with respect to Ontario Hydro's nuclear plant. ", "The Supreme Court held that that declaration gave Parliament the authority to regulate the work \"as a going concern\" which included jurisdiction over workers at the plant and their labour unions. ", " \n\nThe declaration must be made by the passing of legislation, but in addition to declaring specific works, whole classes of work can be defined as being \"for the general advantage of Canada\" by default; the Atomic Energy Control Act, for example, deemed all nuclear power plants to fall into this category. ", "From 1867 to 1961 there were 470 uses of the declaratory power, of which 84% related to railways.", "\n\nAs of 2006, the declaratory power has been invoked at least 422 times, but not since 1961, and of which 64% was related to railways.", "\n\nNotes\n\nFurther reading\n\n \n \n\nCategory:Constitution of Canada\nCategory:Federalism in Canada" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0005856457282789052, 0.0006803785800002515, 0.000576771970372647, 0.0006227701669558883, 0.0005340146599337459, 0.0007004187209531665, 0.0005270452238619328, 0.0006432587979361415, 0.0005706422380171716, 0.000573424797039479, 0.0007099761278368533, 0.0005799581995233893, 0.0006930045201443136, 0.000560159794986248, 0.0006022924208082259, 0.0005882991827093065, 0.0006071661482565105 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHelp with \"Cannot find ContentTypeReader BB.HeightMapInfoReader, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral.\" ", "needed\n\nI have this irritating problem in XNA that I have spent my Saturday with:\n\nCannot find ContentTypeReader\n BB.HeightMapInfoReader, BB,\n Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral.", "\n\nIt throws me that when I do (within the game assembly's Renderer.cs class):\nthis.terrain = this.game.", "Content.", "Load<Model>(\"heightmap\");\n\nThere is a heightmap.bmp and I don't think there's anything wrong with it, because I used it in a previous version which I switched to this new better system.", "\nSo, I have a GeneratedGeometryPipeline assembly that has these classes: HeightMapInfoContent, HeightMapInfoWriter, TerrainProcessor. ", "The GeneratedGeometryPipeline assembly does not reference any other assemblies under the solution.", "\nThen I have the game assembly that neither references any other solution assemblies and has these classes: HeightMapInfo, HeightMapInfoReader.", "\nAll game assembly classes are under namespace BB and the GeneratedGeometryPipeline classes are under the namespace GeneratedGeometryPipeline.", "\nI do not understand why it does not find it. ", "Here's some code from the GeneratedGeometryPipeline.", "HeightMapInfoWriter:\n /// <summary>\n /// A TypeWriter for HeightMapInfo, which tells the content pipeline how to save the\n /// data in HeightMapInfo. ", "This class should match HeightMapInfoReader: whatever the\n /// writer writes, the reader should read.", "\n /// </summary>\n [ContentTypeWriter]\n public class HeightMapInfoWriter : ContentTypeWriter<HeightMapInfoContent>\n {\n protected override void Write(ContentWriter output, HeightMapInfoContent value)\n {\n output.", "Write(value.", "TerrainScale);\n\n output.", "Write(value.", "Height.", "GetLength(0));\n output.", "Write(value.", "Height.", "GetLength(1));\n foreach (float height in value.", "Height)\n {\n output.", "Write(height);\n }\n foreach (Vector3 normal in value.", "Normals)\n {\n output.", "Write(normal);\n }\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Tells the content pipeline what CLR type the\n /// data will be loaded into at runtime.", "\n /// </summary>\n public override string GetRuntimeType(TargetPlatform targetPlatform)\n {\n return \"BB.HeightMapInfo, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral\";\n }\n\n /// <summary>\n /// Tells the content pipeline what worker type\n /// will be used to load the data.", "\n /// </summary>\n public override string GetRuntimeReader(TargetPlatform targetPlatform)\n {\n return \"BB.HeightMapInfoReader, BB, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral\";\n }\n }\n\nCan someone help me out?", "\n\nA:\n\nThe problem was that the assembly name contained a space.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006940127350389957, 0.0011187838390469551, 0.0007438191096298397, 0.0006732424953952432, 0.0005973840598016977, 0.0007233421201817691, 0.0006181734497658908, 0.000763403601013124, 0.0007891144487075508, 0.0007650622283108532, 0.0008328020921908319, 0.0006744180573150516, 0.0007028154213912785, 0.0010371824027970433, 0.000925626081880182, 0.0006983171915635467, 0.000925626081880182, 0.0008349872077815235, 0.0008457142394036055, 0.000925626081880182, 0.0008348861592821777, 0.0006690245936624706, 0.0007147418218664825, 0.0008788861450739205, 0.000803516071755439, 0.000738196715246886, 0.000772797386161983, 0.0008477445808239281, 0.0008902593399398029, 0.001995587022975087 ]

[ "Q:\n\nAndroid - ProgressBuilder goes behing my RoboDialogFragment?", "\n\nI have the following Dialog progress. ", "This dialog progress is being Injected into the activity/fragments as needed. ", "When I display this in an Activity it works perfectly fine.", "\nBut when I try to show it inside a fragment in an activity it shows up below the dialog.", "\nAny way to fix this class to show the progress dialog correctly, without having to manually pass the context to this class?", "\nProgress Dialog Class\npublic class ProgressBuilder implements IProgressBuilder {\n\n private ProgressDialog progressDialog;\n\n @Inject\n public ProgressBuilder(Provider<Context> contextProvider) {\n this.progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(contextProvider.get());\n }\n\n public void show() {\n this.show(\"Loading...\", null);\n }\n\n public void show(String message) {\n this.show(null, message);\n }\n\n public void show(String title, String message) {\n this.progressDialog.setTitle(title);\n this.progressDialog.setMessage(message);\n this.progressDialog.show();\n }\n\n public void dismiss() {\n this.progressDialog.dismiss();\n }\n}\n\nActivity Class\npublic class MyActivity extends RoboFragmentActivity {\n\n@Inject IProgressBuilder progress\n\n}\n\nThis Fragment is shown on MainActivity\npublic class MyActivity extends RoboDialogFragment {\n\n@Inject IProgressBuilder progress\n\n}\n\nA:\n\nYou really should be using a DialogFragment for this. ", "\nThere's a ton of examples in the documentation: \ndeveloper.android.com/reference/android/app/DialogFragment.html\nYou would simply wrap a ProgressDialog with a subclass of a DialogFragment. ", "Use the example from the docs where they are wrapping an AlertDialog, and replace that with a ProgressDialog and you're set.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.13149221241474152, 0.0005905879661440849, 0.0005569818895310163, 0.0005524386651813984, 0.0005938369431532919, 0.000645358522888273, 0.0012743438128381968, 0.0005803455715067685, 0.000726277765352279, 0.001995587022975087 ]

[ "After Hidden Agenda, here's this week's second entry in the \"sub-David Cage\" category of cinematic narrative games - although that categorisation is halfway unfair to both. ", "Hidden Agenda is boring and misconceived, but structurally innovative; Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier, by contrast, has its storytelling head screwed on, but only pays lip service to player choice. ", "As easy as it is to poke holes in Cage's barmy plots, his vainglory and his clumsy gravitas, playing a couple of less successful imitators is a quick way to remind yourself that Quantic Dream has a rare mastery of the smoke and mirrors required to make a player feel involved in a scene.", "\n\nPlanet of the Apes: Last Frontier Developer: Imaginati Studios\n\nImaginati Studios Publisher: FoxNext Games\n\nFoxNext Games Platform: Reviewed on PlayStation 4\n\nReviewed on PlayStation 4 Availability: Out now for PS4. ", "Announced but not dated for Xbox One and PC\n\nLast Frontier is a spin-off from the recent movie series, set between 2014's Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and this year's War for the Planet of the Apes. ", "There's no direct connection to the plot of the films: the game follows a breakaway tribe of talking apes who settle in the Rocky mountains and cross paths, violently, with a local enclave of human survivors of the flu that has ravaged the world's population. ", "This game, though, is not just a spin-off in the narrative sense - there's a direct link here to the film productions. ", "Last Frontier was developed by London's Imaginati Studios and published by The Imaginarium, a production company specialising in performance capture technology, which captured and rendered the impressively subtle and expressive ape performances in the movies (including studio co-founder Andy Serkis as Caesar).", "\n\nFor the Imaginarium and the Apes license-holders at Fox, then, this game is about seeing if the technology used in the movies' making can be used (or, probably, \"leveraged\") to make what are doubtless being referred to in boardrooms as \"cross-media experiences\". ", "What it means for you and me is that this game was made by people who could draw directly on a wealth of experience in acting, rendering and animating totally believable and empathetic characters who just happen to be chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans. ", "It really shows - to the extent that the human characters seem wooden and unrelatable by comparison, and the decision to dedicate equal amounts of screen time to the primate and human communities feels like a mistake.", "\n\nAn elder chimp called Khan has led his tribe into the mountains, where they are safe from human persecution, but where food is in too short supply and the winter is closing in. ", "You follow Khan's middle son Bryn, who is torn between his aggressive elder brother Tola, fearful younger brother Juno, and the wise but perhaps timid counsel of an orangutan called Clarence as he tries to chart a future course for the tribe. ", "Meanwhile, in a barricaded town in the valley below, a widow called Jess inherits the leadership of the community from her husband and faces a similar food shortage and a similar dissenting chorus: a compassionate medic, an ornery rancher and a suspicious pair of drifters who claim to be expert ape hunters. ", "When Tola leads a disastrous raid on the humans' cattle, conflict is inevitable.", "\n\nThere are a few ways this story can go depending on the choices you make. ", "You steer Bryn and Jess through their murky political and ethical waters with a simple left or right tap to choose conversational options, and are occasionally offered a button press to act - or not - during an action scene. ", "As with Hidden Agenda, you can use Sony's PlayLink tech to do all this via your phone and to involve friends in the decision-making in a multiplayer mode. ", "This is simpler than Hidden Agenda's, requiring unanimous agreement but giving players an override option in turn to resolve any deadlocks; it works OK, but considerably slows down an already very low-key game. ", "Also, I found the PlayLink implementation was unreliable. ", "I lost control completely during one crucial action sequence, and thereafter fell back on using a pad for playing the game solo. (", "The game will be coming to platforms other than PlayStation 4 later, hence the conventional control option.)", "\n\nThe interaction is extremely basic, although there is a lot of it, with options coming thick and fast and offering what seems quite a granular level of control over the flow of conversation. ", "But much of this is illusory. ", "Apart from at a handful of set-piece junctures, events have a way of unfolding the way they were always going to, regardless of your input, and it can be hard to sustain your interest when it doesn't feel like your choices are having any impact on a pretty tightly controlled story.", "\n\nOn the other hand, that story does at least offer characters and situations that are drawn with enough delineation and warmth that you will care about them and feel able to make choices based on gut feeling, conscience and a sense of who the character is. ", "This is truer of the ape plotline, partly because the performances are so well captured and translated, and partly because the stark context of the ape tribe cuts through to the core of the characters and the elemental themes of the drama: family, the ethics of survival, the civilised use of power. ", "The human drama, meanwhile, comes freighted with so many layers of reference and influence, from circle-the-wagons Westerns to The Walking Dead, that you struggle to see the wood for the clichés.", "\n\nIt's harder to care about the humans in the Planet of the Apes films, too, despite them being incorporated by real live actors of the calibre of John Lithgow and Woody Harrelson. ", "The novelty and spectacle of seeing such soulful and delicate performances brought to digitised life is distracting, to be sure, but you also can't fail to notice the ironical and compassionate treatment of the apes as more human than human, and mankind as less. ", "There is even a provocative political dimension to the apes' struggle for consciousness and freedom from the physical and spiritual sickness of human civilisation.", "\n\nPlanet of the Apes: Last Frontier doesn't exactly explore these themes - in fact, it's careful to look for equivalence between ape and man - but it does inherit the surprisingly serious moral tone of the films, and this fits its simple survival storyline well. ", "What an irony and a shame, then, that the person who is left dehumanised by this game - pushing buttons to no effect, thinking and responding to what's happening, but feeling ignored - is the player." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0006625537644140422, 0.00125401490367949, 0.005550740752369165, 0.0009734334307722747, 0.0007365092169493437, 0.0007931318250484765, 0.0005953304353170097, 0.0006445159087888896, 0.0005867157015018165, 0.00853645708411932, 0.0007226145244203508, 0.0024753790348768234, 0.00116290885489434, 0.0009309487650170922, 0.021993737667798996, 0.0005521628190763295, 0.0006909228977747262, 0.0005668171215802431, 0.0006813681684434414, 0.0006474312976934016, 0.0006090625538490713, 0.0006284910487011075, 0.000583733431994915, 0.0007050832500681281, 0.0005635044653899968, 0.000631496193818748, 0.000638773082755506, 0.000709100509993732, 0.0012679784558713436, 0.0007165877032093704, 0.0007437670137733221, 0.0006101554608903825, 0.031052423641085625 ]

[ "Beyond the class, Duckietown’s leaders have larger ambitions: to work with roboticists around the world to incorporate their open-source teaching materials and $100 “Duckiebot” design into other schools’ programs.", "\n\nThis spring, a hands-on course housed at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) took students on a trip to “Duckietown.” ", "The class’ goal was to create a fleet of 50 duckie-adorned self-driving taxis that can navigate the roads of a model city with just a single on-board camera and no pre-programmed maps.", "\n\nMIT has offered courses on everything from pirate training to “ street-fighting math ,” but a new robotics class is truly one for the birds.", "\n\nThis spring, a hands-on course housed at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) took students on a trip to “Duckietown.” ", "The class’ goal was to create a fleet of 50 duckie-adorned robo-taxis that can navigate roads with just a single on-board camera and no pre-programmed maps.", "\n\n“We believe a tool like this will help create a common platform and language for researchers to build on,” says CSAIL postdoc Liam Paull, who co-leads the new course with research scientist Andrea Censi from the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS). “", "We hope this will make it easier for computer scientists to continue to work together to bring autonomous vehicles into the real world.”", "\n\nPaull has also been using the platform to prototype algorithms as part of his work for CSAIL’s recently announced $25 million collaboration with Toyota on autonomous cars.", "\n\nThe class will unveil the meticulously rendered city of Duckietown at Saturday’s MIT Open House. ", "Taking place from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., the event will feature several other CSAIL demos in and around the Stata Center, including a robotic garden, a voice-controlled calorie counter, and projects related to MIT App Inventor and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).", "\n\nDuckietown engineering\n\nAs its founders will tell you, Duckietown is much more than a class. ", "Like any tech startup, Duckietown Engineering Company has its own email server, human resources department, board of trustees, and team of coders with titles like “Master of Traffic Lights.” ", "As “COO” and “CTO,” Paull and Censi even bought duck-ties for the whole staff and developed an elaborate company origin story involving Canadian karaoke bars and sake.", "\n\nThe course’s core challenges center around perception, object detection, and tracking. ", "Students developed algorithms to read traffic signs and notice pedestrian-ducks, and learned to integrate different disciplines like control theory, machine learning, and computer vision into their systems.", "\n\nTo create a consistently accurate system, the students had to make various tradeoffs with respect to computation, sensor resolution, and speed. ", "For example, is it better to have sophisticated algorithms with cheaper hardware, or simpler algorithms with more reliable hardware?", "\n\n“We thought about key problems like integration and co-design,” says Censi. “", "How do we make sure that systems that developed separately will work together? ", "How do we design systems that maximize performance while sharing resources? ", "It’s a delicate balancing act in weighing the relative importance of different infrastructure elements.”", "\n\nDuckietown was a collaborative effort involving more than a dozen people from CSAIL and LIDS, as well as three departments: Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. ", "The course was overseen by professors Jonathan How, John Leonard, and Daniela Rus, who said that students are expected to eventually write research papers on their projects.", "\n\nDuckietown was funded, in part, by the National Science Foundation." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0011938808020204306, 0.0016582239186391234, 0.00130850775167346, 0.0007848967215977609, 0.0016582239186391234, 0.0014431750169023871, 0.0005416519124992192, 0.0005631869425997138, 0.0005582558806054294, 0.0014851847663521767, 0.0007215341902337968, 0.005723889917135239, 0.0009781733388081193, 0.0010066446848213673, 0.0006152407731860876, 0.0006180070340633392, 0.0005745060625486076, 0.0006159510230645537, 0.0005695142317563295, 0.000609917042311281, 0.0006899297004565597, 0.0005513395299203694, 0.0009214006713591516, 0.0005386138800531626, 0.00215873122215271 ]

[ "Like a Homecoming\n\nHe has, if the truth be told, been putting it off for months: the moment when he must face the blank page, strike the first note, see what he is worth. ", "-J.M. Coetzee (Disgrace)\n\nMay, the Emerald month, has arrived in all of its glory, bringing with it its usual companions of bright colors, blossoms, sunshine, strawberries and asparagus. ", "Time seems to have catapulted forward to get us here. ", "The Greek’s parents, who it seemed had only just arrived, have sadly gone again. ", "The mouse, too, seems to have departed for good; there are no longer any traces of midnight perambulations. ", "Really, after all of the struggles of the past months, the semester is now over and I feel that I have finally attained some semblance of freedom.", "\n\nBut there is no time to rest on my laurels; while I will turn 30 (!!!) ", "this Thursday and walk in the graduation ceremony on the following Thursday, there is much work to be done. ", "I am in the process of applying for a job–one that I would very much like to have–and there is still the Big Old Dissertation, my eternal companion, to consider. ", "I was so tired this week, though, that these things didn’t really register; this was a time of healing from the rapid pace of the semester. ", "For most of the week, the Greek and I were eating all kinds of leftovers, from Greek Easter to the farewell Chinese meal that his parents requested; the thought of going into the kitchen, which was still in a state of disarray because of both our midnight visitor and the recent holiday, proved too much to bear.", "\n\nBut on Thursday night, I was feeling inspired. ", "I set aside A Feast for Crows(yes, my Game of Thrones obsession is now back in full force) aside in favor of more elegant bedtime reading, Nigel Slater’s Tender. ", "I received this book for Christmas from my aunt and had looked through it many times; despite my love of reading it bit by bit–I find the way the book is divided by vegetable and also how it incorporates gardening tips for each vegetable to be incredibly illuminating–I had yet to cook from it.", "\n\nI found myself in the beet section, since, no matter what the season, beets remain a constant favorite of mine. ", "I love eating them, raw or roasted, on toast smeared with ricotta for breakfast, sliced thinly in a salad with oranges and walnuts, or just plain with a bit of salt and pepper. ", "This time, however, I was drawn to the Greek way of preparing them–perhaps in a way to keep the memory of all the good Greek flavors I enjoyed with the Greek’s parents alive–in a garlickly, lemony yogurt tzatziki. ", "This tzatziki was intended for crispy and herbed chickpea fritters; if you didn’t know this about me, I adore chickpeas (as Nigel so aptly puts it, “The chickpea possesses a dry, earthy quality and a knobbly texture that I find endlessly useful and pleasing to eat,” 46) and will put them in almost anything. ", "Also, say the word fritter and you will find a friend in me.", "\n\nThese secrets aside, this is the kind of meal that I want on a Friday night or for a weekend lunch. ", "Not only is it simple, but, with the tzatziki on the side, it hits all the right notes in terms of flavor and texture: you’ve got your crunchy root vegetable in a tangy condiment, roughly shaped patties with mint and parsley and a bit of lemon to bring to mind the Mediterranean.", "\n\nI deviated from Nigel’s directions quite a bit, though. ", "In addition to using fresh, instead of canned chickpeas, I also skipped the hot paprika in favor of sumac and added lemon zest to both the tzatziki and the fritter mix, wanting more lemony notes than spice. ", "I also found, with trial and error, that one egg didn’t quite cut it for me and my fritters; the first night I made these (yes, I’ve since made them twice), the one egg led to crunchy and tasty, yet broken fritters; with two eggs, however, I got the texture and wholeness I craved. ", "But even with two eggs, I found Nigel’s advice to “flip [the fritters] confidently but tenderly” invaluable since these fritters are, at best, quite delicate. ", "The extra required effort aside, this was just the right meal for my return to the kitchen.", "\n\nP.S. A happy mother’s day to all the mothers out there!", "\n\nChickpea Fritters with a Lemony Beet Tzatziki\n\nadapted from Nigel Slater’s Tender\n\nyieldsabout 8-10 smallish fritters, with enough tzatziki to go around (the perfect dinner for 2)\n\nFor the lemony beet tzatziki:\n\none large raw beet (preferably a Chioggia, an heirloom variety with white and pink rings, which makes for a pretty tzatziki)\n\nzest and juice of half a lemon\n\none clove garlic, crushed\n\n200 grams (3/4 cup) plain Greek yogurt\n\nsea salt and freshly ground pepper, to taste\n\na few fresh mint leaves, torn, for garnish\n\n-Grate the beet roughly in a bowl and then stir in the lemon zest, juice and crushed garlic.", "\n\nPost navigation\n\n10 thoughts on “Like a Homecoming”\n\nYum. ", "I love fritters in every form, but I perhaps love chickpea fritters most of all. ", "Gorgeous pink tzatziki, too. ", "PS It warms my heart to know that The Greek Parents requested Chinese food for their farewell meal 🙂\n\nThe two ingredients that remind me most of my grandmother are beets and parsley. ", "She put parsley in everything. ", "I use it just as much. ", "The beet I can't come around to. ", "It tastes too much like dirt to me LOL. ", "I do like horseradish in beet juice, however. ", "Now, I have to go and look up the right term for that stuff. ", "Much love, J\n\nHow do I feel about A Feast of Crows? ", "That's an excellent question; I'm liking it, but I'm missing the people who aren't in it (Daenerys, Jon Snow, who I hope is Rhaegar's and Lyanna's son, the Starks–I know Arya and Sansa are there, but only just)….and I really want to know what's going to happen with Margaery and Cersei, whose plot lines most likely won't be resolved until Book 6 (unless I'm mistaken?). ", "When I call you back and I will soon, most likely next week–the weekend is already rather full–we can talk about all of these things and more.", "\n\nHi Jess, thanks for your comment. ", "I don't know how I came around to beets either. ", "I hated them in childhood, but started to like them in college. ", "Maybe it was because of all the Russian studies (how can you study Russian and hate their national vegetable?) ", "or maybe it all started with a particularly good beet salad in New York? ", "I can't remember; I'm just glad I came around to them.", "\n\nAnd I'm a huge parsley fan; I think your grandmother and I would have had a lot to talk about. ", "🙂\n\nI don't know how I didn't respond to this–old age?–but, yes, it did look and sound like zucchini fest. ", "My oh my, how much has changed since then! ", "I should remake those fritters; they were beyond delicious! ", "The experience probably wouldn't be the same without you, though (especially considering the all-but-the-kitchen-sink cake we made as dessert. ", "I should remake that thing again and see if it comes out the same!)." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0011215326376259327, 0.001167562324553728, 0.0008523428114131093, 0.0011277426965534687, 0.0012153034331277013, 0.0007076575420796871, 0.001665158779360354, 0.000605545996222645, 0.0008619168656878173, 0.0006175716989673674, 0.0008567035547457635, 0.0005546179017983377, 0.005257145501673222, 0.0005415832274593413, 0.012358680367469788, 0.0011959414696320891, 0.0010696453973650932, 0.007251053582876921, 0.003213709220290184, 0.0007739319698885083, 0.0007988254074007273, 0.0007714071543887258, 0.0011129454942420125, 0.000747308658901602, 0.0008710311376489699, 0.0007796837016940117, 0.013818023726344109, 0.0017911564791575074, 0.0006756032817065716, 0.0032962393015623093, 0.0047501204535365105, 0.0011199729051440954, 0.001212113769724965, 0.0006512697436846793, 0.03551406413316727, 0.19891108572483063, 0.0077508119866251945, 0.0005943012074567378, 0.017688140273094177, 0.0007642104174010456, 0.0006647979025729001, 0.0005598771385848522, 0.007984254509210587, 0.0020974213257431984, 0.004929960239678621, 0.0007265446474775672, 0.0006368193426169455, 0.02165815606713295, 0.0026405074167996645, 0.0012299434747546911, 0.0025525519158691168, 0.0008200793527066708, 0.000665557396132499 ]

[ "Siblings Articles\n\nFor the last couple of weeks, it seems that every single day there’s a new story about the Royal Girl Sh-t that’s supposedly going on between Catherine Cambridge and Meghan Markle. ", "The latest, I think, is that Princess Kate read Royal Meghan for being a bitch to her staffFull Story\n\nThe Times reported this weekend that we are about to see a major change in the young royal ecosystem. ", "They have long appeared to be the closest of brothers, bonded in tragedy and an inseparable element in the worldwide appeal of the royal family. ", "Full Story\n\nHave you noticed an uptick in Mary-Kate and Ashley headlines these past few days? ", "It’s all because of one interview, with the WSJ, in which the twins discuss their new menswear line for The Row. ", "The main headline coming out is that they are in a sibling “marriage. ", "Full Story\n\nMalia Obama turned 20 on July 4th. ", "It’s fitting that one of the only first daughters I recognise was born on Independence Day. ", "It may not have been a birthday celebration but Malia Obama was photographed living her best life in Paris on Sunday, strolling around with her boyfriend Rory FarquharsonFull Story\n\nPrince Harry and Meghan Markle are getting married in 5 days. ", "After this, we won’t be seeing a major senior royal wedding in a while. ", "Big G, Charlotte, and Trey Louis are tiny. ", "It’ll be years before it’s their time. ", "And, yes, while Princess Eugenie’s wedding is happening later in the fall, it certainly won’t approach the spectacle of what we’re about to get on Saturday in Windsor. ", "Full Story\n\nAlexis Olympia Ohanian Jr, daughter of the greatest of all time, won her first Australian Open a year ago. ", "Twelve months later, she’s on the cover of VOGUE, in her ma’s arms, with one fist raised as if to declare I AM HERE. ", "As if she had to. ", "We know! ", "Serena Williams, mother of Alexis Olympia Ohanian Jr, is the on the cover of VOGUE for the third time, although she’s appeared in the magazine more times than that, and most recently in the September 125 anniversary issueFull Story\n\nPrince Harry and Meghan Markle stepped out on official assignment for the first time this year today in London at POP Britain for a visit to Reprezent 107.3. ", "Prince Harry and Ms. Meghan Markle will this afternoon visit @ReprezentRadioFull Story" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.014894192107021809, 0.1789335459470749, 0.0006561545887961984, 0.0007225505542010069, 0.0007127600838430226, 0.004860241897404194, 0.0009674521861597896, 0.0006987855304032564, 0.0008223334443755448, 0.0008216915302909911, 0.022262291982769966, 0.004645303823053837, 0.0006804090808145702, 0.0008390629081986845, 0.0031237362418323755, 0.0023373698350042105, 0.0014129087794572115, 0.0006767268059775233, 0.000881619518622756 ]

[ "Pharmacokinetics of a low dose and FDA-labeled dose of diclazuril administered orally as a pelleted topdressing in adult horses.", "\nThe purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of the FDA-approved labeled dose of diclazuril and compare it to a low dose in plasma and CSF in adult horses. ", "During each research period, six healthy adult horses received 0.5 mg/kg of 1.56% diclazuril pellets (Protazil(TM) , Merck Animal Health) compared to the approved labeled dose of 1 mg/kg orally once in two separate phases. ", "A dose of 0.5 mg/kg was calculated to each horse's weight. ", "Blood was then collected immediately before diclazuril administration and then at regular intervals up to a 168 h. After the last blood collection following the single dose at hour 168, a once daily oral dose was administered for the next 10 days to ensure the drug's concentration reached steady-state. ", "To determine the CSF concentration at steady-state, CSF samples were collected after the 9th oral dose. ", "Blood was then collected after the 10th dose and then at regular intervals up to 168 h. A washout period of 4 weeks was allowed before repeating this protocol for the FDA-labeled dose at 1 mg/kg. ", "Plasma and CSF samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. ", "A one-compartment pharmacokinetic model with first-order oral absorption was fitted to the single administration data. ", "Steady-state pharmacokinetics was performed using noncompartmental analysis for steady-state analysis. ", "The mean (standard deviation) concentration of diclazuril in CSF following the low dose was 26 ng/mL (5 ng/mL), while CSF in the FDA-labeled dose was 25 ng/mL (4 ng/mL), P = 0.3750. ", "Substantial accumulation in plasma occurred at steady-state after the 10th dose for both doses. ", "The results of this study show that diclazuril pellets given at the approved label dose and a lower dose both produce similar plasma drug concentrations at steady-state and attain plasma and CSF concentrations known to inhibit Sarcocystis neurona in cell culture." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0027072110679000616, 0.0006774062640033662, 0.0007515358738601208, 0.0009276973432861269, 0.0011324158404022455, 0.0005445943679660559, 0.0017885027918964624, 0.0006124813808128238, 0.000819474458694458, 0.0014680848689749837, 0.0006779168033972383, 0.000604798726271838, 0.0006281948881223798 ]

[ "This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). ", "The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. ", "For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER.", "\n\nBased on fair evidence, vaccination against HPV-16/HPV-18 is effective to avoid HPV infection, and thus cervical cancer.", "\n\nMagnitude of Effects: Vaccination against HPV-16 and HPV-18 reduces incident and persistent infections with efficacy of 91.6% (95% CI, 64.5–98.0) and 100% (95% CI, 45–100), respectively. ", "Efficacy beyond 6 to 8 years is not known.", "\n\nStudy Design: Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials.", "\n\nInternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nConsistency: Not applicable.", "\n\nExternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nScreening via Gynecologic Examinations and Cytologic Screening\n\nBased on solid evidence, screening via regular gynecologic examinations and cytologic test (Papanicolaou [Pap] smear) with treatment of precancerous abnormalities decreases the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. ", "Screening is not beneficial in detecting invasive cancer in women younger than 25 years because of the low prevalence of invasive disease, and the harms outweigh the benefits. ", "Screening is not beneficial in women older than 60 years if they have had a history of recent negative tests.", "\n\nMagnitude of Effect: Estimates from population studies suggest that screening may decrease cancer incidence and mortality by more than 80%.", "\n\nStudy Design: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control studies.", "\n\nInternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nConsistency: Good.", "\n\nExternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nCigarette Smoke\n\nBased on solid evidence, cigarette smoking, both active and passive, increases the risk of cervical cancer.", "\n\nMagnitude of Effect: Among HPV-infected women, current and former smokers have approximately two to three times the incidence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive cancer. ", "Passive smoking is also associated with increased risk but to a lesser extent.", "\n\nStudy Design: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control studies.", "\n\nInternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nConsistency: Good.", "\n\nExternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nReproductive Behavior\n\nHigh parity\n\nBased on solid evidence, high parity is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer.", "\n\nMagnitude of Effect: Among HPV-infected women, those who have had seven or more full-term pregnancies have approximately four times the risk of squamous cell cancer compared with nulliparous women, and two to three times the risk of women who have had one or two full-term pregnancies.[1]\n\nStudy Design: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control studies.", "\n\nInternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nConsistency: Good.", "\n\nExternal Validity: Good.", "\n\nLong-term use of oral contraceptives\n\nBased on solid evidence, long-term use of oral contraceptives is associated with increased risk of cervical cancer.", "\n\nMagnitude of Effect: Among HPV-infected women, those who used oral contraceptives for 5 to 9 years have approximately three times the incidence of invasive cancer, and those who used them for 10 years or longer have approximately four times the risk.[2]\n\nDescription of Evidence\n\nIncidence and Mortality\n\nAn estimated 12,360 new cervical cancers and 4,020 cervical cancer deaths will occur in the United States in 2014.[1] An additional 1,250,000 women will be diagnosed with precancers annually by cytology using the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. ", "A continuum of pathologic changes may be diagnosed, ranging from atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) to invasive cancer. ", "The precancerous conditions LSIL and HSIL are also referred to as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, and 3. ", "Lesions can regress, persist, or progress to an invasive malignancy, with LSIL (CIN 1) more likely to regress spontaneously and HSIL (CIN 2/CIN 3) more likely to persist or progress. ", "The average time for progression of CIN 3 to invasive cancer is estimated to be 10 to 15 years.[2]\n\nThe incidence of cervical cancer has decreased dramatically with the advent and widespread adoption of screening via gynecological examinations and Pap smears (refer to the PDQ summary on Cervical Cancer Screening for more information). ", "Regular screening, however, is associated with large numbers of diagnostic procedures to evaluate abnormal tests, and the treatment of low-grade lesions may adversely affect subsequent fertility and pregnancy. ", "Prevention of cancer may be more efficient, with fewer adverse consequences.", "\n\nNearly all cases of cervical cancer are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection,[3,4] which is transmitted during sexual activity. ", "Therefore, cervical cancer is seen more frequently in women with sexual activity at an early age and with multiple partners. ", "Barrier contraception and/or spermicidal gels may offer some protection (refer to the Human Papillomavirus section of this summary for more information).", "\n\nCigarette smoking or exposure to environmental smoke is also associated with increased risk among HPV-infected women,[5] suggesting that components of tobacco are promoters of abnormal growth of viral-infected cells.", "\n\nEvidence of Benefit\n\nHuman Papillomavirus\n\nEpidemiologic studies to evaluate risk factors for the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and cervical malignancy demonstrate conclusively a sexual mode of transmission of a carcinogen.[1] It is now widely accepted that human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary etiologic infectious agent.[2,3,4] Other sexually transmitted factors, including herpes simplex virus 2 and Chlamydia trachomatis, may play a cocausative role.[1] The finding of HPV viral DNA integrated in most cellular genomes of invasive cervical carcinomas supports epidemiologic data linking this agent to cervical cancer.[5] More than 80 distinct types of HPV have been identified, approximately 30 of which infect the human genital tract. ", "HPV types 16 and 18 are most often associated with invasive disease. ", "Characterization of carcinogenic risk associated with HPV types is an important step in the process of developing a combination HPV vaccine for the prevention of cervical neoplasia. ", "In a population-based study of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia in Costa Rica, 80% of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and invasive lesions were associated with HPV infection by one or more of 13 cancer-associated types.[6] In this study, the risk of about half of HSIL and invasive cervical cancer was attributable to HPV-16. ", "HPV-18 was associated with 15% of invasive disease but only 5% of HSIL, suggesting that HPV-18 may have a role in more aggressive cases of cervical malignancy.", "\n\nBarrier methods of contraception are associated with a reduced incidence of SIL presumptively secondary to protection from sexually transmitted disease.[7,8] The effectiveness of condom use for the prevention of HPV infections has been evaluated in a prospective study of women aged 18 to 22 years who were virgins.[9] The number of vulvovaginal HPV infections was reduced with consistent condom use, and HPV infection rate was 37.8 infections per 100 patient-years among women whose partners used condoms 100% of the time in the 8 months before testing, compared with 89.3 infections per 100 patient-years among women whose partners used condoms less than 5% of the time (P trend = .005). ", "No cervical SIL were detected among women reporting 100% condom use by their partner.[9]\n\nGiven the etiologic role of HPV in the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia, vaccines to immunize against HPV infection would offer a primary prevention strategy for cervical cancer. ", "A quadrivalent (HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine using a late protein L1 construct to induce antibody-mediated immunity was approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006; a bivalent (HPV 16, 18) vaccine was approved in 2009.", "\n\nVaccine to prevent HPV infection\n\nPersistent infection with oncogenic types of HPV such as HPV-16 and HPV-18 is associated with the development of cervical cancer.[10] A vaccine to prevent HPV infection with oncogenic-type viruses has the potential to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. ", "A vaccine against HPV-16 using empty-viral capsids called virus-like particles (VLP) was developed and tested for efficacy in preventing persistent infection with HPV-16.", "\n\nA multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 2,391 women aged 16 to 23 years and randomly assigned them to receive either 40 µg of HPV-16 L1 VLP vaccine or placebo on day 1, at 2 months, and at 6 months. ", "Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and genital samples for HPV-16 DNA were obtained on day 1, at 7 months, and every 6 months for 48 months. ", "Colposcopy and cervical biopsies were obtained when clinically indicated at study exit. ", "Serum HPV-16 antibody titers were obtained at study entry, at 7 months, and then every 6 months. ", "A total of 1,505 women (755 receiving vaccine and 750 receiving placebo) completed all three vaccinations and had follow-up after month 7. ", "After immunization, HPV titers peaked at month 7, declined through month 18, and then stabilized in months 30 through 48. ", "There were no cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the vaccine-treated women, but there were 12 cases in the placebo group (six CIN 2 and six CIN 3). ", "HPV-16 infection that persisted for at least 4 months was seen in seven vaccine-treated women versus 111 placebo-treated women.[11]\n\nAn international, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a bivalent HPV-16/HPV-18 VLP vaccine was performed in 1,113 women aged 15 to 25 years with normal cervical cytology who were seronegative for HPV-16, HPV-18, and 12 other oncogenic HPV types at enrollment. ", "Women received either vaccine or placebo at 0, 1, and 6 months and were assessed by cervical cytology and self-obtained cervicovaginal samples for at least 18 months. ", "A masked treatment allocation follow-up study was performed for an additional 3 years, for a combined analysis of up to 6.4 years of follow-up. ", "The 12-month persistent infection rate of HPV-16 or HPV-18 in an \"according-to-protocol\" cohort (i.e., women who received all three doses of vaccine or placebo on the correct schedule) was 0 of 401 women in the vaccine arm versus 20 of 372 women in the placebo arm, with a vaccine efficacy of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 81.8–100). ", "Diagnoses of CIN 2 or higher in a \"total vaccinated\" cohort (i.e., women who received at least one dose of vaccine or placebo) were 0 of 481 women in the vaccine arm versus 9 of 470 women in the placebo arm, with a vaccine efficacy of 100% (95% CI, 51.3–100). ", "Adverse events were similar in vaccinated and placebo-treated women. ", "It is important to note that neither analysis was intention-to-treat (ITT), making it difficult to know what the true vaccine efficacy for either virological or cytohistological endpoints would be in the routine clinical setting. ", "Furthermore, cytohistological outcomes were reported only as composite endpoints (CIN 2+), making it impossible to distinguish the vaccine's efficacy against invasive cervical cancer alone and potentially inflating the observed efficacy by including lesions with a relatively high probability (approximately 50% for CIN 2 [12]) of spontaneous regression.[13]\n\nA quadrivalent vaccine (HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18) was evaluated in a multinational, double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 17,622 women aged 15 to 26 years (FUTURE I and II).[14] Women received either the HPV vaccine or placebo at 0, 2, and 6 months; participants were assessed by clinical exam, Pap test, and HPV DNA testing for 4 or more years. ", "Two analyses were reported. ", "One group was considered to be HPV naive: negative to 14 HPV types. ", "The second group was an ITT analysis, which approximates a sexually active population. ", "The composite endpoint for cervical disease included the incidence of HPV-16/18-related, CIN 2, CIN 3, adenocarcinoma in situ, or invasive carcinoma. ", "Outcomes were reported as follows:\n\nThis study also demonstrated decreased rates of abnormal Pap tests and subsequential diagnostic procedures. ", "No cases of invasive cervical cancer were identified during the trial.", "\n\nAs largely expected based upon their mechanism of action, L1/2 HPV vaccines do not appear to impact pre-existing infections. ", "The FUTURE II trial demonstrated a markedly lower vaccine efficacy rate in the total randomized study population, which included individuals positive for HPV at baseline, versus the \"per-protocol\" population (44% for lesions associated with HPV 16 or 18 and 17% for lesions associated with any HPV type vs. 98%, see table above).[14] Additionally, an intermediate analysis of a randomized controlled trial primarily evaluating the efficacy of the HPV-16/18 vaccine in preventing infection found no effect on viral clearance rates in women aged 18 to 25 years who were positive at the time of study enrollment.[15]\n\nThe type-specific vaccines, if successful in preventing invasive cancer, will offer protection for only a subset of cases, the proportion of which will vary worldwide.[16] Using data from a multicenter case-control study conducted in 25 countries, it was estimated that a vaccine containing the seven most common HPV types could prevent 87% of cervical cancers worldwide. ", "A vaccine with HPV-16 and HPV-18 types, the two most common strains, would prevent 71% of cervical cancers worldwide.[16]\n\nAnal HPV infection\n\nAnal cancer occurs rarely: the international age-adjusted annual incidence is about 1.5 cases per 100,000 women.[17] However, rates have been increasing in Europe and the United States over the past few decades. ", "As with cervical cancer, HPV-16 and HPV-18 are associated with a majority of anal cancer cases. ", "To estimate the efficacy of the bivalent vaccine against anal HPV infections in women, investigators examined a subset of women participating in a randomized controlled trial principally designed to assess vaccine efficacy against persistent cervical HPV-16/18 infections and associated precancerous lesions. ", "In the original trial,[15] 6,352 women aged 18 to 25 years received three doses of the bivalent vaccine or a control hepatitis A vaccine and were followed for 4 years after the first administration. ", "Women that attended the 4-year study visit, consented to provide anal specimens, and completed a survey regarding anal sexual behaviors (n = 4,210) were included in this secondary analysis.[18] The efficacy of the vaccine against prevalent HPV-16/18 anal infections was 62% (95% CI, 47.1–73.1) for an ITT cohort. ", "Limitations of this study include an inability to assess the baseline anal HPV infection rate in the population or to use HPV persistence as the endpoint of interest; given a high rate of spontaneous resolution of HPV infection, the endpoint of HPV prevalence will overestimate the efficacy of the vaccine. ", "Additionally, there was a high attrition rate: the subgroup represented 56% of the original trial participants, of which 27% were lost due to noncompliance with anal sampling. ", "The study provides no information about the efficacy of the vaccine against precancerous anal lesions or anal cancer.", "\n\nCigarette Smoking\n\nCigarette smoking by women is associated with an increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma.[1,19,20] This risk increases with longer duration and intensity of smoking and may be present with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, being as high as four times that of women who are nonsmokers and are not exposed to environmental smoking.[1] Case-control studies of women infected with HPV have examined the effect of various types and levels of tobacco exposure and found similar results.[20,21]\n\nReproductive Behavior\n\nHigh parity has long been recognized as a risk factor for cervical cancer, but the relation of parity to HPV infection was uncertain. ", "A meta-analysis of 25 epidemiologic studies, including 16,563 women with cervical cancer and 33,542 women without cervical cancer, showed that the number of full-term pregnancies was associated with increased risk, regardless of age at first pregnancy. ", "This finding was also true if analyses were limited to patients with high-risk HPV infections (relative risk = 4.99 [3.49–7.13] for seven or more pregnancies versus no pregnancies; linear trend test x2 = 30.69; P < .001).[22]\n\nLong-term use of oral contraceptives has also been known to be associated with cervical cancer, but its relation to HPV infection was also uncertain. ", "A pooled analysis of HPV-positive women from the studies described above was undertaken. ", "Compared with women who have never used oral contraceptives, those who have used them for fewer than 5 years did not have an increased risk of cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.52–1.03). ", "The OR for women who used oral contraceptives for 5 to 9 years was 2.82 (1.46–5.42), and for 10 or more years, the OR was 4.03 (2.09–8.02).[23] A meta-analysis of 24 epidemiological studies confirmed the increased risk associated with oral contraceptives, which is proportionate to the duration of use. ", "Risk decreases after cessation and returns to normal risk levels in 10 years.[24]\n\nChanges to This Summary (10 / 17 / 2014)\n\nThe PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. ", "This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.", "\n\nEditorial changes were made to this summary.", "\n\nThis summary is written and maintained by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of NCI. ", "The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or NIH. ", "More information about summary policies and the role of the PDQ Editorial Boards in maintaining the PDQ summaries can be found on the About This PDQ Summary and PDQ NCI's Comprehensive Cancer Database pages.", "\n\nQuestions or Comments About This Summary\n\nIf you have questions or comments about this summary, please send them to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. ", "We can respond only to email messages written in English.", "\n\nAbout This PDQ Summary\n\nPurpose of This Summary\n\nThis PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about cervical cancer prevention. ", "It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. ", "It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions.", "\n\nReviewers and Updates\n\nThis summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). ", "The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).", "\n\nBoard members review recently published articles each month to determine whether an article should:\n\nbe discussed at a meeting,\n\nbe cited with text, or\n\nreplace or update an existing article that is already cited.", "\n\nChanges to the summaries are made through a consensus process in which Board members evaluate the strength of the evidence in the published articles and determine how the article should be included in the summary.", "\n\nAny comments or questions about the summary content should be submitted to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form. ", "Do not contact the individual Board Members with questions or comments about the summaries. ", "Board members will not respond to individual inquiries.", "\n\nLevels of Evidence\n\nSome of the reference citations in this summary are accompanied by a level-of-evidence designation. ", "These designations are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches. ", "The PDQ Screening and Prevention Editorial Board uses a formal evidence ranking system in developing its level-of-evidence designations.", "\n\nPermission to Use This Summary\n\nPDQ is a registered trademark. ", "Although the content of PDQ documents can be used freely as text, it cannot be identified as an NCI PDQ cancer information summary unless it is presented in its entirety and is regularly updated. ", "However, an author would be permitted to write a sentence such as \"NCI's PDQ cancer information summary about breast cancer prevention states the risks succinctly: [include excerpt from the summary].\"", "\n\nImages in this summary are used with permission of the author(s), artist, and/or publisher for use within the PDQ summaries only. ", "Permission to use images outside the context of PDQ information must be obtained from the owner(s) and cannot be granted by the National Cancer Institute. ", "Information about using the illustrations in this summary, along with many other cancer-related images, is available in Visuals Online, a collection of over 2,000 scientific images.", "\n\nDisclaimer\n\nThe information in these summaries should not be used as a basis for insurance reimbursement determinations. ", "More information on insurance coverage is available on Cancer.gov on the Coping with Cancer: Financial, Insurance, and Legal Information page.", "\n\nContact Us\n\nMore information about contacting us or receiving help with the Cancer.gov Web site can be found on our Contact Us for Help page. ", "Questions can also be submitted to Cancer.gov through the Web site's Contact Form.", "\n\nGet More Information From NCI\n\nCall 1-800-4-CANCER\n\nFor more information, U.S. residents may call the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Time. ", "A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.", "\n\nChat online\n\nThe NCI's LiveHelp® online chat service provides Internet users with the ability to chat online with an Information Specialist. ", "The service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday. ", "Information Specialists can help Internet users find information on NCI Web sites and answer questions about cancer.", "\n\nWrite to us\n\nFor more information from the NCI, please write to this address:\n\nNCI Public Inquiries Office\n\n9609 Medical Center Dr.\n\nRoom 2E532 MSC 9760\n\nBethesda, MD 20892-9760\n\nSearch the NCI Web site\n\nThe NCI Web site provides online access to information on cancer, clinical trials, and other Web sites and organizations that offer support and resources for cancer patients and their families. ", "For a quick search, use the search box in the upper right corner of each Web page. ", "The results for a wide range of search terms will include a list of \"Best Bets,\" editorially chosen Web pages that are most closely related to the search term entered.", "\n\nThere are also many other places to get materials and information about cancer treatment and services. ", "Hospitals in your area may have information about local and regional agencies that have information on finances, getting to and from treatment, receiving care at home, and dealing with problems related to cancer treatment.", "\n\nFind Publications\n\nThe NCI has booklets and other materials for patients, health professionals, and the public. ", "These publications discuss types of cancer, methods of cancer treatment, coping with cancer, and clinical trials. ", "Some publications provide information on tests for cancer, cancer causes and prevention, cancer statistics, and NCI research activities. ", "NCI materials on these and other topics may be ordered online or printed directly from the NCI Publications Locator. ", "These materials can also be ordered by telephone from the Cancer Information Service toll-free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237).", "\n\nThis information does not replace the advice of a doctor. ", "Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. ", "Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use.", "\nHow this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.", "\n\nHealthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006308648153208196, 0.0005458088126033545, 0.0009637828334234655, 0.0009324720595031977, 0.0006324999849312007, 0.0006348217721097171, 0.0005607484490610659, 0.0006190856220200658, 0.0006163409561850131, 0.0006246810080483556, 0.0013588822912424803, 0.0014868624275550246, 0.004156589042395353, 0.0007228353060781956, 0.0005582247395068407, 0.0006190856220200658, 0.0005960799171589315, 0.0006246810080483556, 0.00923252385109663, 0.01230503898113966, 0.003974500112235546, 0.0005582247395068407, 0.0006190856220200658, 0.0005960799171589315, 0.0006246810080483556, 0.001435115234926343, 0.0013846403453499079, 0.0006190856220200658, 0.0005960799171589315, 0.0006246810080483556, 0.001753315213136375, 0.0013513234443962574, 0.0007783147157169878, 0.0006742891273461282, 0.0007361338357441127, 0.0007353899418376386, 0.0006114324205555022, 0.0007681084680370986, 0.0033948190975934267, 0.06581711769104004, 0.007255304139107466, 0.01738038845360279, 0.000848298950586468, 0.000675579474773258, 0.0005801740917377174, 0.0006283188122324646, 0.0008277485612779856, 0.00749568548053503, 0.0029201311990618706, 0.0005874965572729707, 0.0008693363633938134, 0.0008076690719462931, 0.0010340169537812471, 0.0006557385204359889, 0.0005573188536800444, 0.0005675379652529955, 0.0009022734011523426, 0.000651830225251615, 0.0007372268592007458, 0.0008921410772018135, 0.0011139276903122663, 0.0005254974821582437, 0.0006464533507823944, 0.0009613439324311912, 0.004560902249068022, 0.0005662142066285014, 0.0006133491406217217, 0.0005621759919449687, 0.0006451482768170536, 0.0022319876588881016, 0.0006191765423864126, 0.0005814354517497122, 0.0007065893732942641, 0.0005810299189761281, 0.0006597488536499441, 0.010657863691449165, 0.030501849949359894, 0.006141470279544592, 0.0008109984337352216, 0.03177248686552048, 0.002411027904599905, 0.0006297057843767107, 0.03844117373228073, 0.0032689685467630625, 0.0007392156985588372, 0.0006479932926595211, 0.0007381323375739157, 0.004392928909510374, 0.0020139627158641815, 0.0006084817578084767, 0.0005592760280705988, 0.000577381404582411, 0.0005879256059415638, 0.0005467590526677668, 0.0006370931514538825, 0.0017813185695558786, 0.0005968616460449994, 0.0006089261150918901, 0.001111819059588015, 0.0006784276920370758, 0.0005554185481742024, 0.0005482064443640411, 0.0005441945977509022, 0.0005470030591823161, 0.001126541174016893, 0.0007619666866958141, 0.0006233722670003772, 0.0005622046301141381, 0.000535537488758564, 0.0005779165658168495, 0.0006649670540355146, 0.0005943063297308981, 0.0005738392355851829, 0.0005719926557503641, 0.000597887032199651, 0.0005628828657791018, 0.0008577617118135095, 0.0006967101944610476, 0.0010599469533190131, 0.001108170603401959, 0.0006820756825618446, 0.0009718613582663238, 0.0005465089925564826, 0.0007317780400626361, 0.0011718955356627703, 0.000539066328201443, 0.0005987056065350771, 0.0005556713440455496, 0.0006512822001241148, 0.0006497861468233168, 0.0005948304897174239, 0.0006468095816671848, 0.0005797938210889697, 0.0005694417632184923, 0.0007228517788462341, 0.0006270697340369225, 0.0005976633983664215, 0.000540412962436676, 0.0005543234874494374, 0.0006055003614164889 ]

[ "A statistical pattern recognition approach for determining cellular viability and lineage phenotype in cultured cells and murine bone marrow.", "\nCellular binding of annexin V and membrane permeability to 7-aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) are important tools for studying apoptosis and cell death by flow cytometry. ", "Combining viability markers with cell surface marker expression is routinely used to study various cell lineages. ", "Current classification methods using strict thresholds, or \"gates,\" on the fluorescent intensity of these markers are subjective in nature and may not fully describe the phenotypes of interest. ", "We have developed objective criteria for phenotypic boundary recognition through the application of statistical pattern recognition. ", "This task was achieved using artificial neural networks (ANNs) that were trained to recognize subsets of cells with known phenotypes, and then used to determine decision boundaries based on statistical measures of similarity. ", "This approach was then used to test the hypothesis that erythropoietin (EPO) inhibits apoptosis and cell death in erythroid precursor cells in murine bone marrow. ", "Our method was developed for classification of viability using an in vitro cell system and then applied to an ex vivo analysis of murine late-stage erythroid progenitors. ", "To induce apoptosis and cell death in vitro, an EPO-dependent human leukemic cell line, UT-7(EPO) cells were incubated without recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) for 72 h. Five different ANNs were trained to recognize live, apoptotic, and dead cells using a \"known\" subset of the data for training, and a K-fold cross validation procedure for error estimation. ", "The ANNs developed with the in vitro system were then applied to classify cells from an ex vivo study of rhEPO treated mice. ", "Tg197 (human tumor necrosis-alpha transgenic mice, a model of anemia of chronic disease) received a single s.c. ", "dose of 10,000 U/kg rhEPO and femoral bone marrow was collected 1, 2, 4, and 8 days after dosing. ", "Femoral bone marrow cells were stained with TER-119 PE, CD71 APC enable identification of erythroid precursors, and annexin V FITC and 7AAD to identify the apoptotic and dead cells. ", "During classification forward and side angle light scatter were also input to all pattern recognition systems. ", "Similar decision boundaries between live, apoptotic, and dead cells were consistently identified by the neural networks. ", "The best performing network was a radial basis function multi-perceptron that produced an estimated average error rate of 4.5% +/- 0.9%. ", "Using these boundaries, the following results were reached: depriving UT-7(EPO) cells of rhEPO induced apoptosis and cell death while the addition of rhEPO rescued the cells in a dose-dependent manner. ", "In vivo, treatment with rhEPO resulted in an increase of live erythroid cells in the bone marrow to 119.8% +/- 9.8% of control at the 8 day time point. ", "However, a statistically significant transient increase in TER-119(+) CD71(+) 7AAD(+) dead erythroid precursors was observed at the 1 and 2 day time points with a corresponding decrease in TER-119(+) CD71(+) 7AAD(-) Annexin V(-) live erythroid precursors, and no change in the number of TER-119(+) CD71(+) annexin V(+) 7AAD(-) apoptotic erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. ", "A statistical pattern recognition approach to viability classification provides an objective rationale for setting decision boundaries between \"positive\" and \"negative\" intensity measures in cytometric data. ", "Using this approach we have confirmed that rhEPO inhibits apoptosis and cell death in an EPO dependent cell line in vitro, but failed to do so in vivo, suggesting EPO may not act as a simple antiapoptotic agent in the bone marrow. ", "Rather, homeostatic mechanisms may regulate the pharmacodynamic response to rhEPO." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0005827058921568096, 0.0006334513309411705, 0.0005655710119754076, 0.0005895509384572506, 0.0005521220155060291, 0.0005904579302296042, 0.0009045441984198987, 0.0006526671932078898, 0.0007886310922913253, 0.0006595259765163064, 0.0007588656735606492, 0.003272515954449773, 0.0011810411233454943, 0.0006310897879302502, 0.0006053552497178316, 0.0006197846378199756, 0.0006301188259385526, 0.0007636575028300285, 0.0007089623250067234, 0.0005708160460926592, 0.0006176013848744333, 0.0038179780822247267 ]

[ "OBJECTIVE: To explore maternal near miss and death after emergency cesarean delivery in Somaliland, including the impact of the prerequisite for family consent.", "\n\nMETHODS: A facility-based, mixed-methods study was conducted to assess all maternal near misses and deaths recorded at a referral hospital that provided services to women from all regions of Somaliland. ", "The data sources comprised a quantitative prospective cross-sectional study using the WHO near-miss tool (performed from August 1 to December 31, 2015) and qualitative interviews with 17 healthcare providers working at the referral hospital who were in direct contact with the women in labor (performed from January 15 to March 15, 2015).", "\n\nRESULTS: Of the 138 maternal near misses and deaths recorded, 50 (36%) were associated with emergency cesarean delivery. ", "The most frequent maternal complication was severe pre-eclampsia (n=17; 34%), and the most frequent underlying causes were hypertensive disorders (n=31; 62%) and obstetric hemorrhage (n=15; 30%). ", "Healthcare providers were often prevented from performing emergency cesarean delivery until the required consent had been received from the woman's extended family.", "\n\nCONCLUSION: Maternity care in Somaliland must be improved, and the issue of legal authority for consent examined, to ensure both safe and timely provision of emergency cesarean delivery. ", "This article is protected by copyright. ", "All rights reserved.", "\n\nAim: The aim of this literature review was to, from a patient point of view, identify factors within the specialized palliative care that constituted good care from the.", "Method: A systematic literature review was undertaken. ", "Fifteen articles were reviewed. ", "Thirteen of these were qualitative and two were quantitative.", "Results: Four categories were identified: self determination, capability of the nurse, nursing relations and maintaining dignity.", "The patients self determination was a central part of nursing. ", "Delegating control and self determination from a patient to a nurse is also a form of self determination.", "Capable nurses instill trust and gave patients the opportunity of more alternatives when it came to choices concerning the care of the patient.", "A good relation with the nurse could give the patient a feeling of being important and being a part of something bigger, despite lack of family or friends. ", "Important factors regarding patient-nurse relations were continuity and nurse accessibility.", "Maintaining dignity included being seen as the human being that the patient was before the terminal illness was diagnosed.", "Conclusion: Patients noted several factors as important for good palliative care. ", "These could be summarized as self determination, nurse capability, nursing relations and maintaining dignity.", "\n\nSuicides by drowning have received limited attention by researchers. ", "A recent finding that almost one-third of all drowning deaths in Sweden were classified as suicide instigated this study. ", "We identified 129 cases of suicide by drowning in Northern Sweden and analyzed the circumstances and the psychiatric history prior to the suicide. ", "Information was obtained from autopsy, police and medical records, as well as from the National Inpatient Register. ", "One-third of the suicide victims had previously attempted suicide and half of the victims had been hospitalized due to mental health problems. ", "One-third of these had left the hospital less than one week before the suicide. ", "Alcohol and psychoactive drugs were present in 16% and 62% of the cases, respectively. ", "A history of mental disorder and previous suicide attempt (s), especially by drowning, is an ominous combination necessitating efficient clinical identification, treatment and follow-up if a complete suicide is to be prevented.", "\n\nBackground: Pain is a major problem in nursing homes. ", "Dementia is a disease that causes humans lose their ability to communicate their pain to their surroundings. ", "People with dementia express their pain through behavioral changes because they can’t verbalize their pain experiences. ", "As a consequence of this leads to that dementia patients are not receiving adequate pain management.", "\n\nAim: The aim of this study is to explore how nurses identify pain in dementia patients in nursing homes.", "\n\nMethod: The study was conducted as a literature survey. ", "In total, 15 articles were used in this study that consists of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. ", "Articles have been sought in the databases Cinhal and PubMed.", "\n\nResults: The results of this study shows that according to nurses is pain identification among dementia patients an extreme challenge and requires more knowledge. ", "Patients with mild to moderate dementia can self-report their pain to a certain extent. ", "The most useful clues to discovering pain among dementia patients who are limited in their speaking skills is to observe facial expressions, body language and behavior changes.", "\n\nConclusion: The authors conclude that it is important to create and develop a relationship between caregivers and demented patients. ", "This is to get to know the patient and knowing his usual habits and behavior changes as to facilitate the identification of pain\n\n12.", "\n\nAkhter, Halima\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nAkter, Dalia\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nExtensive demands are placed on midwives in their professional role. ", "The midwifery education is obligated to answer to these professional requirements. ", "ountry specific, feasible and acceptable accreditation toolkit for institution/collages/universities is, therefore, relevant to develop.", "\n\nObjective:\n\nThe objective was to map the existing situation of the midwifery education sites in Dhaka division and to explore acceptable and feasible requirements to be included in an accreditation toolkit for Bangladesh.", "\n\nMethods:\n\nA questionnaire study with open and closed response alternatives was used.", "\n\nResults\n\n: Six nursing diploma institute and one nursing college were included in the mapping. ", "The theory in relation to practice (theory/practice) in the education was 40%/60% for 5 institution/colleges and 50%/50% for one institute. ", "Both qualitative open questions and closed questions based on ICM Global standards revealed that the acceptable and feasible requirements for a nationwide accreditation tool for midwifery educations needs clearly written admission and student policies, supportive staffs and formally prepared and globally oriented competent unbiased teachers who maintain their standard by participating in professional development activities.", "\n\nConclusion:\n\nImplementing globally standard accreditation tool for educating and training competent midwives is not a far-fetched idea in the context of Bangladesh. ", "The clinical applicability of this essay lies in the fact that competent midwives can profoundly provide suggestions for improvements of midwifery educations with support of an accreditation tool.", "\n\n13.", "\n\nAkhter, Shirina\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nBegum, Momtaz\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nFamily planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. ", "It is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility. ", "It secures the well-being and autonomy of women while supporting the health and development of the communities. ", "A midwife can support people having family planning facilities and thus reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity and unnecessary interventions, and improve psychosocial and public health.", "\n\nObjective:\n\nThe objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards family planning among future midwives in Bangladesh.", "\n\nMethods:\n\nA cross-sectional study was conducted among final year midwifery students (n=141) of 16 public midwifery nursing institutes and colleges of Bangladesh. ", "A structured questionnaire was used and data analyzed by descriptive statistics in Excel.", "\n\nResults:\n\nAlmost all respondents agreed on the statement that women should be treated with respect when seeking family planning services. ", "One third disagreed or strongly disagreed that unmarried women should abstain rather than use family planning. ", "Almost half of the respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed that women should be free to choose if and when they want to become a pregnant. ", "Majority of the respondents had inadequate knowledge about effectiveness regarding different FP methods and misconceptions regarding hormonal family planning methods.", "\n\nConclusion:\n\nThis study showed that diverse attitudes related to family planning and women’s right to access family planning services exist among future midwives. ", "The study also found misconceptions regarding side effects of family planning methods and inadequate knowledge regarding effectiveness and appropriateness of different family planning methods.", "\n\nClinical implications:\n\nTo increase knowledge, midwifery curriculum should have a special emphasis on the effectiveness of different contraceptive methods and effects of hormonal contraceptives, and particularly the link to clinical practice. ", "Value clarification training can be a way to address attitudes in relation to family planning. ", "Further qualitative research should be conducted to gain a deeper understanding of midwifery students’ attitudes and perceptions.", "\n\n14.", "\n\nAktar, Renoara\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nYesmin, Syeada\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nHigh demands are placed on midwives in their professional role. ", "The midwifery education is obligated to answer to these professional requirements. ", "Country specific, feasible and acceptable requirement accreditation toolkit for institution/collages/universities to achieve is therefore relevant to develop. ", "This study is part of a survey mapping 25 midwifery education sites in seven divisions in Bangladesh. ", "This is to provide a baseline assessment for possible requirement for the ongoing development of an accreditation toolkit for institutes and collages providing midwifery education.", "\n\nObjective:\n\nThe objective was twofold. ", "First, to map five midwifery education sites in Dhaka and Mymensingh divisions as a baseline in the process of developing an accreditation toolkit in Bangladesh. ", "Secondly, to explore nursing instructors’ suggestions of acceptable and feasible requirements for an accreditation toolkit for midwifery education in Bangladesh.", "\n\nMethods:\n\nThe design was a questionnaire study. ", "The total number of participants was 36. ", "Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with both open and closed response options, which were analyzed through essentially non-parametric statistics and systematic text condensation.", "\n\nResults\n\n: The mapping showed that the students enrolled at the midwifery programs were young, being lectured by comparably few faculty members compared to the number of students, a faculty with an extensive experience of nursing but with less experience in midwifery. ", "Suggestions for the development of an accreditation toolkit were that the assessor should be Bangladeshi, and that posts for clinical teachers and mentors should be one assessment criteria. ", "Further findings showed that 40 normal births were less important to achieve in core competences for midwifery students than other requirements related to midwifery skills.", "\n\nConclusion:\n\nAn accreditation tool can\" close the gap\" between the curricula in text and implementation of the same. ", "Mapping of existing education sites amongst partners provides a potential for development of a Bangladeshi national and a global midwifery education accreditation toolkit. ", "The clinical applicability of this essay lies in a development of an accreditation tool that can support institutes to achieve the goal that a Midwifery Diploma curriculum is being implemented that support student’s learning, and the goal that the students will become \"Midwives\" according to global standards and ICM definition.", "\n\n15.", "\n\nAkum, Bertha\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nRusu, Violeta\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nThe aim of this study was to evaluate tracking performance when an extra reference block is added to a basic block-matching method, where the two reference blocks originate from two consecutive ultrasound frames. ", "The use of an extra reference block was evaluated for two putative benefits: (i) an increase in tracking performance while maintaining the size of the reference blocks, evaluated using in silico and phantom cine loops; (ii) a reduction in the size of the reference blocks while maintaining the tracking performance, evaluated using in vivo cine loops of the common carotid artery where the longitudinal movement of the wall was estimated. ", "The results indicated that tracking accuracy improved (mean - 48%, p<0.005 [in silico]; mean - 43%, p<0.01 [phantom]), and there was a reduction in size of the reference blocks while maintaining tracking performance (mean - 19%, p<0.01 [in vivo]). ", "This novel method will facilitate further exploration of the longitudinal movement of the arterial wall.", "\n\nThe aim of this study is to analyze if the precision of a shot and a pass differs between professional youth players (16-18 years) and senior players (22+ or older).", "\n\nMethod\n\nA total of 30 elite players which were 16 males and 14 females performed tests in shooting and passing precision. ", "The set-up on the test days were a total of 60 shots(30 lying still and 30 half volley) and 80 passes (20 lying still best foot, 20 rolling best foot, 20 lying still next best foot and 20 rolling next best foot). ", "The test results were analyzed using Excel and Kinovea. ", "In these programs the mean value and standard deviation for each player and test group could be calculated.", "\n\nResults\n\nThe result shows that there were only significant differences in one of six parts regarding precision on the men's side. ", "On the women's side, there was no significant difference in any of the six moments.", "\n\nConclusions\n\nThe authors of this study identified a plateau between players aged 16-18 and senior players in terms of accuracy in passing and shooting. ", "Players between the ages of 16-18 is as good as a senior player at the individual skills passing and shooting. ", "This plateau can be the result of too little individual training so called isolated training in terms of precision. ", "If the club coaches follow the training SvFF educate, only two minutes per training session goes to each individual skill (SvFF names 13 skills). ", "The lack of time for these skills can be a decisive factor for why the development of precision stands still today.", "\n\nBackground: Diabetes is a major worldwide public health problem and the number of affected people will increase substantially in the next 10-15 years. ", "Early efforts should be made as instructions inself-care and lifestyle changes to prevent the development of complications. ", "Purpose: The purpose is to describe diabetic nurse's training of self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. ", "Method: The study was conducted as an empirical study with a qualitative approach in which ten diabetic nurses were interviewed. ", "The interview guide included semi-structured questions and the data were processed using qualitative content analysis. ", "Results: Diabetes Nurse's Role in the teaching of patient self-care is to be supportive and provide the patient a sense of confident as many patients are unmotivated to change their lifestyle. ", "The first theme that emerged were diabetic nurse's role to sensitize the patient's self-care responsibilities and it consisted of four categories that she/he will serve as an advisor. ", "However, due to lack of personal, insufficient contact time with the patients can lead to deficiencies in quality of the medical care. ", "Diabetes nurse can use National Diabetes Register for competence development or as guidelines in teaching. ", "Second theme that emerged was the need for education in diabetic patients and consisted of four categories in which the diabetes nurses adapt the teaching to the level of individual skills of the patient inorder to make the patient aware of healthier lifestyles. ", "The patient requires motivation for lifestyle changes as well as to participate in group work sessions on the subject. ", "Conclusion: Diabetes Nurse was trying to teach self-care, adapted to the patient's level of expertise. ", "However, increased resources, i.e. increased number of nurses, and is required to conduct education in diabetes care in accordance with the guidelines. ", "The diabetes nurses require more time to keep up with the latest research performed in the subject diabetes.", "\n\n25.", "\n\nAndersson, Camilla\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nTranlund, Cecilia\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nBackground: Higher physical capacity is correlated with increased health. ", "Knowledge in this area regarding psychiatric diseases is sparse.", "\n\nPurpose: The aim was to study aerobic and several strength capacities in a physical activity project for persons with depression or anxiety.", "\n\nMethods: Eighty-four persons (56 women and 28 men) with depression or anxiety were recruited from psychiatric out-patient clinics in Stockholm. ", "Their mean age and BMI was 46 (21-80) years and 26 (17-41) kg/m2, respectively. ", "50% were sick-listed. ", "50% had BMI>25. ", "Aerobic and strength tests were chosen by each subgroup´s project leaders. ", "Directed physical activity was given, in groups 10-15, 1 hour twice/week during 8-12 weeks.", "\n\nResults: Significant changes (p<0.05, of all n=84) between pre- and post tests were seen in submaximal cycle test (11% enhanced values, n=56) and distance of 6 minutes walk test (16%, n=15) as well as in strength tests for the back for the back (i.e. time in static horizontal belly-back, 40%, n=44), abdominal and hip flexors (i.e. number of hip flexionsit-ups, 45%, n=38), leg (i.e. standing with 90O in hips and knees, 48%, n=56) and arm with shoulder muscles (i.e. number of raising weights alternately with the arms, 46%, n=32). ", "Hand grip tests, BMI or blood pressure values did not change significantly.", "\n\nAim: The aim was to investigate the quality of life experience within patients with chemotherapy-treatment.", "\n\nMethods: The study was conducted as a literature review. ", "Twelve articles were included with 7 qualitative approach and 5 with quantitative approach. ", "Article was searched for in the database CINAHL.", "\n\nResults: The quality of life experience within patients’ undergoing chemotherapy were compiled from five different categories - Side effects from chemotherapy, the social experience, the physical and cognitive experience, then mental and emotional experience and the need for information and advice. ", "The result shows that the experience of side effects within patients undergoing chemotherapy affected the quality of life negatively. ", "The nurse can help improve the quality of life experience within patients undergoing chemotherapy by adequate information and advice.", "\n\nConclusion: Information about potential side effects of chemotherapy is an important part of caring. ", "The prevention work on anxiety and to advise patients to socializing with family and friends can contribute to improving the experience of quality of life within patients suffer from chemotherapy treatment.", "\n\n32.", "\n\nAndersson, Jessica\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nAndersson, Mirja\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nAt the end of life, the nurse's goal is to improve the quality of life for patients with incurable disease or injury. ", "The nurse with a nursing responsibility plays an important and central role and meets palliative patients in all health care departments in a hospital. ", "One of the most challenging experiences might be providing care to a patient in the final phase of life, and one of the biggest difficulties may be to talk about death and sorrow. ", "It is therefore of great importance to study how nurses experience caring for palliative patients in hospital awards.", "\n\nAim:\n\nThe purpose of the study is to describe nurses' experiences of caring for palliative patients at general hospitals.", "\n\nMethod:\n\nThis study was conducted as a literature study and 13 articles were included in the results. ", "The studies had both qualitative and quantitative approach.", "\n\nResult:\n\nThe results show that nurses have varied experiences of caring for palliative patients. ", "Experience of inadequacy and stress is something that most nurses have in common, and it is important when patient needs and wishes can be met. ", "More education is something that is considered necessary if you want to work with palliative care, and areas such as communication, pain and emotional support are considered desirable. ", "Nurses also considered that a hospice is a better suited place for patients to spend their last time in life.", "\n\nConclusion:\n\nNurses working with palliative patients consider it to be stressful and difficult many times since they do not always have sufficient knowledge.", "\n\n33.", "\n\nAndersson, Katrin\n\net al.", "\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nBackground: Deliberate self-harm is a symptom of mental illness that ever since the turn of the millennium has been increasingly highlighted. ", "The first contact with healthcare a person with deliberate self-harm often takes place via the somatic emergency medical care. ", "Patients testify to negative experiences in the meeting with these care instances. ", "Therefore, it may be useful to investigate how nurses perceive the meeting with patients with deliberate self-harm. ", "Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe nurses’ experiences of meeting patients with deliberate self-harm in somatic emergency medical care. ", "Method: The study was conducted as a literature review where 15 scientific articles were sought via the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. ", "The articles were quality-reviewed, analyzed and compiled into a result. ", "Results: In the process of describing nurses’ experiences, three main categories emerged which were: The nurse's thoughts and feelings; Competence and knowledge; Factors that affect the meeting and care. ", "Conclusion: The result showed that nurses in somatic emergency medical care had both positive and negative experiences in the meeting with patients with deliberate self-harm which evoked different feelings and thoughts among nurses. ", "Common to the studies was that nurses stated that they had a lack of competence and knowledge about this patient group.", "\n\nOne percent of Sweden’s population suffers from venous leg ulcers. ", "The risk of recurrence is high at a 70 % recurrence rate. ", "The compliance to performing recommended self-care activities is often low.", "\n\nThe aim of this study was to highlight evidence based self-care activities, and what factors that influenced the adherence to follow the recommended self-care activities in order to minimize the risk of recurrence in patients with venous leg ulcers. ", "The Method was a literature study based on 15 research articles. ", "The result showed that wearing compression hosiery, performing leg exercises, physical activity and resting with the legs elevated was evidence based methods that lowers the risk of recurrence of venous leg ulcers. ", "Factors found that influenced the compliance to self-care activities among patients with venous leg ulcers were: Information, trust, pain, body image, depression, self-efficacy and restricted mobility. ", "The conclusion was that recommending individualized evidence-based self-care activities to patients with on-going or previous venous leg ulcers lowers the risk of recurrence. ", "A trusting relationship should be established between the nurse and the patient, and interventions aimed towards increasing the patient compliance to recommended self-care activities should be prioritized. ", "By adapting a preventive approach in order to decrease recurrences of venous leg ulcers, the suffering of the patients are minimized as well as the health-care costs of society.", "\n\n41.", "\n\nAndersson, Maria\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nBackground: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease that is increasing in the population worldwide. ", "The disease can cause severe complications that affect patient health. ", "An important part is to change unhealthy habits. ", "Purpose: The aim was to describe the district nurse's experience of how they motivate patients with type 2 diabetes to lifestyle changes. ", "Method: A qualitative approach with semistructured interviews were conducted and five district nurses were interviewed. ", "The material was analyzed according to Graneheim and Lund's content analysis. ", "Results: The study revealed that it was important that the district nurse created a good relationship with the patient to motivate lifestyle changes. ", "Study participants highlighted the importance of support in the patient's environment by involving family and other patients. ", "It also emerged that the participants motivated by being a good teacher and to work with other professionals. ", "Personalized information and different kinds of pedagogical methods were used to increase the patient's motivation. ", "Conclusion: To be able to motivate their patients to lifestyle changes the district nurse must provide information individually to their patients which can be done through various teaching methods. ", "It´s also important to create a good relationship with their patients by establish trust.", "\n\nBackground: Heart failure is a common and serious condition with high mortality rate, morbidity and impaired quality of life. ", "It is estimated that about a quarter of a million Swedish people have chronic heart failure. ", "The creation of a specialist nurse-led heart failure clinic with medical assistance has improved the treatment of patients with heart failure.", "\n\nAim: The aim of this study was to examine patients’ perceptions of the factors that are important in the care on specialist nurse-led heart failure clinics.", "\n\nMethod: Interviews with semi- structured questions were used. ", "A qualitative manifest content analysis was used to analyze the material found during the interviews. ", "The informants were selected through a strategic selection.", "\n\nResults: The result showed that a functional relationship between patient and specially trained nurses at the heart failure clinic, and sufficient information to manage their own care, was of the most importance to the patients. ", "A good healthcare relationship are described by the patients as containing continuity, trust to the nurse, friendly treatment, cooperation’s with healthcare staff and availability as needed.", "\n\nConclusion: The care of a specialist nurse-led heart failure clinics are important for patient safety. ", "It seems important to know whom heart failure patients should contact if necessary help and support to deal with their situation. ", "To have the ability to contact a nurse when needed was very meaningful. ", "The informants found the information on how to handling their own care as important and as a support in their daily life.", "\n\nSupporting the woman and her partner is a major part of the midwifery role during delivery. ", "As the number of newly arrived women increases in Sweden, with varied backgrounds and languages, the demands on midwives’ skills increase. ", "Both migration and childbirth can be described as transitions, which can lead to positive development but also to increased challenges. ", "Migration can be a stressful life process for newly arrived woman and the situation of childbirth can contribute to further vulnerability and uncertainty. ", "The midwife has to understand the needs of newly arrived women in order to support and contribute to a positive experience.", "\n\nAim:\n\nThe aim of this study is to describe midwives' experiences and strategies in the meeting with newly arrived women at childbirth, focusing on interaction, trust and context.", "\n\nThe results of the study provided information on strategies that the midwives use to create interaction, trust and context, as well as their experiences. ", "Common to all midwives was that they experienced that good communication with the patient was very important for creating interaction. ", "Ahead of the meeting with a newly arrived woman, the midwives made sure of that they were well prepared. ", "Strategies used to create trust were to show consideration, be present and take time to listen to the woman. ", "By listening to the woman's wishes, providing information and trying to make the woman feel active and making active choices during her childbirth, midwife creates a context for the woman.", "\n\nConclusion:\n\nThe study has shown that midwives have conscious strategies for meetings with immigrated women. ", "There is, however, a need for clearer routines\n\nregarding the work of immigrated women in the delivery room, increased cultural skills of midwives and more resources to allow more time for these women.", "\n\nClinical application:\n\nThis study, through the strategies of midwives, can guide other midwives to support newly arrived women during childbirth. ", "The study provides suggestions for areas of improvement and aids to improve the meeting and hence the quality of care for these women.", "\n\n48.", "\n\nAnderstedt, Chatrine\n\nDalarna University, School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Caring Science/Nursing.", "\n\nWith the purpose of getting an overview of the current research and development in information systems and terminology for nursing practice and outline strategies for the future, an initiative for a workshop was taken at the national level in Sweden by the Section for Nursing Informatics, the Society of Nursing and the Association of Health Professionals in 2007. ", "For the workshop around 30 nurses were invited, representing clinical practice, education, and research. ", "The workshop resulted in recommendations for future strategies to support the development of nursing informatics in Sweden." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006571393460035324, 0.0009005989413708448, 0.0005556303076446056, 0.0006200638017617166, 0.0011695391731336713, 0.0006160549819469452, 0.0005565042956732213, 0.0005972565268166363, 0.0006134815630502999, 0.0006697933422401547, 0.0005641219904646277, 0.0005971253267489374, 0.0007605683640576899, 0.0005550440982915461, 0.0006071817479096353, 0.0007922979420982301, 0.0005515905213542283, 0.0005877336952835321, 0.000553595891688019, 0.0008073924691416323, 0.0006139702745713294, 0.0005352927837520838, 0.007460505701601505, 0.0007220642291940749, 0.0007022587233223021, 0.0005503857391886413, 0.008752773515880108, 0.0022216548677533865, 0.0011057035299018025, 0.006269379518926144, 0.0009057843708433211, 0.006982523947954178, 0.0007172203622758389, 0.0006759417010471225, 0.0006736824871040881, 0.0005664376658387482, 0.0005538307595998049, 0.0005916012451052666, 0.0005976551328785717, 0.0008116450626403093, 0.0008535270462743938, 0.000679259654134512, 0.0006754555506631732, 0.0007435930310748518, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.000636475975625217, 0.0007759665022604167, 0.0009014119277708232, 0.0005518097896128893, 0.0005530176567845047, 0.0005688786623068154, 0.0005507494206540287, 0.0005810747388750315, 0.0005805306136608124, 0.0005831170128658414, 0.0006046972703188658, 0.0011606633197516203, 0.0007700902642682195, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.000707430939655751, 0.0009162530186586082, 0.003325141966342926, 0.001054475549608469, 0.00165496114641428, 0.0005556890973821282, 0.000592167372815311, 0.0005798156489618123, 0.000848444877192378, 0.0012339854147285223, 0.004671384114772081, 0.0006389791960828006, 0.0008978763944469392, 0.000654525647405535, 0.000572016928344965, 0.0006172335706651211, 0.0005995530518703163, 0.00137059495318681, 0.0007515973993577063, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.0006291136960498989, 0.0010273330844938755, 0.0009014119277708232, 0.0005128351622261107, 0.000577117083594203, 0.0005733558791689575, 0.000658476201351732, 0.0005613851244561374, 0.0005950097111053765, 0.0006069057853892446, 0.0006871334044262767, 0.0005593930836766958, 0.0005729541298933327, 0.0005818118806928396, 0.0006817828980274498, 0.0005909990868531168, 0.0005615467089228332, 0.0005748516414314508, 0.001324129174463451, 0.013982717879116535, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.0006122415070421994, 0.0005528437322936952, 0.0005924614379182458, 0.0005748718976974487, 0.0005464178393594921, 0.0006131544942036271, 0.0009744048584252596, 0.0009404177544638515, 0.000569136522244662, 0.0005462834960781038, 0.0005600095028057694, 0.0008755615563131869, 0.0006624830421060324, 0.0010909707052633166, 0.0006084605702199042, 0.0005889359163120389, 0.0005825023981742561, 0.0006457058480009437, 0.0005689659155905247, 0.0032032413873821497, 0.0011991348583251238, 0.0005561898578889668, 0.0005528482142835855, 0.0014744546497240663, 0.0006696988712064922, 0.0005620664451271296, 0.0008706531370989978, 0.0005497649544849992, 0.0006084536435082555, 0.0005557582480832934, 0.0005818617646582425, 0.0011517960811033845, 0.0006585781229659915, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.0005832985043525696, 0.0005886006983928382, 0.0008319831104017794, 0.0007506333058699965, 0.0007321815937757492, 0.0006470956723205745, 0.056895069777965546, 0.001345511176623404, 0.0005416211788542569, 0.0006154809962026775, 0.0006556997541338205, 0.0006447542691603303, 0.0005493662902154028, 0.0005466087604872882, 0.0005732146673835814, 0.0006674929172731936, 0.0005342137301340699, 0.0005941768758930266, 0.0005389931611716747, 0.0005471287295222282, 0.0006617472390644252, 0.0011282966006547213, 0.0006504568737000227, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.0005843527032993734, 0.0010870570549741387, 0.0006912775570526719, 0.0006068690563552082, 0.000606934423558414, 0.000668429012876004, 0.0005576838739216328, 0.0005631702952086926, 0.0008112491923384368, 0.0007750216755084693, 0.0007497939513996243, 0.0009466841001994908, 0.000664824154227972, 0.0011525902664288878, 0.0007191408076323569, 0.0005926918820478022, 0.0017372063593938947, 0.0006943355547264218, 0.0005407966091297567, 0.0007017984753474593, 0.0006456978153437376, 0.0005727441748604178, 0.0005608053761534393, 0.0005603557801805437, 0.0006411932990886271, 0.0005689258105121553, 0.6634383201599121, 0.0008429157896898687, 0.0006911738310009241, 0.0018627730896696448, 0.0005987429758533835, 0.006582362111657858, 0.0014506563311442733, 0.002273697406053543, 0.0005345353856682777, 0.0015323703410103917, 0.001106762676499784, 0.0006014410755597055, 0.0007179640815593302, 0.001076804823242128, 0.016983136534690857, 0.0006020651198923588, 0.0006013044039718807, 0.000575331854633987, 0.0005436119390651584, 0.0005216067074798048, 0.0005201814929023385, 0.0013745380565524101, 0.000591263291426003, 0.0005052349879406393, 0.006373690906912088, 0.046937234699726105, 0.0009829383343458176, 0.0006814915686845779, 0.0005824845866300166, 0.0005632322863675654, 0.0005346487741917372, 0.0005749280680902302, 0.0005024464335292578, 0.001063307747244835, 0.0008602180168963969, 0.0007781413150951266, 0.0006398003315553069, 0.0007807438378222287, 0.0010403551859781146, 0.0005277959862723947, 0.0006500676972791553, 0.0009497214341536164, 0.0005737601313740015, 0.0005190519732423127, 0.0006555066793225706, 0.0006910487427376211, 0.0005287487292662263, 0.0005857680225744843, 0.0010344081092625856, 0.0006316084763966501, 0.0010926921386271715, 0.004722164012491703, 0.0011280542239546776, 0.0006037740968167782, 0.0005057543748989701, 0.0005108104669488966, 0.0005351247382350266 ]

[ "Background {#Sec1}\n==========\n\nWhen examining a patient's spine shape and posture it is important to perform and evaluate quantitative measurements of the curvature of the spine. ", "The spine is physiologically curved in the sagittal plane. ", "However, pathological spinal curvatures in the frontal plane combined with a spinal rotation in the transversal plane are called scoliosis. ", "This is defined as a lateral deviation on the postero-anterior (PA) X-ray image of the spine of more than 10° together along with trunk rotation \\[[@CR1]\\]. ", "The ability to accurately identify the presence of scoliosis in adolescents and interpret the back pain conditions in adults is important in order to provide better treatment, which can consequently improve quality of live.", "\n\nThe most common form of scoliosis is called idiopathic adolescent scoliosis, which affects from 2 to 4 % of the adult population. ", "It is equally common in men and women; however, the probability of an increase in scoliotic curvatures is 10 times higher in women \\[[@CR2]\\]. ", "Scoliosis can cause health problems, such as back pain, and life-threatening functional disorders of the chest organs in cases of severe forms of curvature. ", "Scoliotic curvatures may increase during the growth period; therefore, it is important to monitor the dynamics of the changes. ", "Since 1966, the established method for measuring scoliotic curvature has been a measurement of the Cobb angle on a spinal PA X-ray image of the patient in the upright, standing position \\[[@CR3]\\]. ", "This measurement of the Cobb angle is also used for the sagittal curvature of the spine. ", "Certain X-ray methods can be used to measure the rotation of individual vertebra in the transversal plane \\[[@CR4]\\]. ", "However, repeated X-ray examinations represent a higher risk of cancer genesis \\[[@CR5]\\].", "\n\nNon-invasive methods, which are harmless to a person's health, are based on 3D image scanning of the surface of the back and an analysis of the course of the spinous processes. ", "The determined spatial curves of the spine are not identical to the curves determined by the X-ray imaging method; however, they are comparable, which also makes it possible to follow the course of the scoliosis with these 3D methods \\[[@CR6]\\].", "\n\nA 3D computer image of the surface of the back makes it possible to carry out several analyses. ", "The basis is a reliable determination of the course of the spinous processes, and then further analyses of the acquired spatial spinal curves are possible \\[[@CR7]\\]. ", "In this study we employed the cranio-caudal perspective of the spine, which enabled a horizontal, graphical presentation and a calculation of the deviation of the spine in the sagittal and frontal planes. ", "The aim of this study was to develop a new, non-invasive laser based method for differentiating between scoliotic and healthy subjects which could be useful in clinical work with scoliotic patients.", "\n\nMethods {#Sec2}\n=======\n\nIn this research all the participating subjects were distributed in two groups:The scoliosis group, consisted of 28 patients (mean age 41.6 years, range 16--82 years, 23 females and 5 males) with clinically confirmed scoliosisThe control group, consisted of 247 subjects (mean age 42.0 years, range 20--69 years, 123 females and 124 males) with clinically confirmed physiological spinal curvatures\n\nThe 3D measurements of the human backs were performed using a 3D laser profilometer, which is based on the translational movement of one laser plane across the measuring surface. ", "The measuring principle of the system is based on laser triangulation \\[[@CR8]\\]. ", "This principle was also used in one of our previous articles \\[[@CR9]\\]. ", "The measuring protocol for each patient was as follows: the patient is measured in the upright, standing position. ", "During each measurement the patient is leaning against some foam that is attached to the wall, with their arms released near the body, while they hold their breath. ", "This posture is one of the four standard positions for the subject that makes it possible to acquire reliable 3D data for the human torso; it is described in the ISO 20685:2010 standard.", "\n\nIn addition, three characteristic anatomical landmarks are manually determined and marked on the back of the individual patient by palpating the spinous process. ", "This task is carried out by a physiatrist:C point -- the cervicothoracic (C7-Th1) transition spine zoneTh point -- the thoracolumbar (Th12-L1) transition spine zoneL point -- the lumbosacral (L5-S1) transition spine zone\n\nThe accuracy of the spinous-processes palpation is estimated from the width of the spinous processes. ", "Based on data found in literature, the accuracy of the palpation was determined to be 9.8 mm in the frontal plane \\[[@CR10]\\].", "\n\nThe most important procedure step is the determination of the thoracic and lumbar spatial spinal curve between the C and L point by detecting the surface curvature extremes from the 3D measurement of the shape of the back, which is thoroughly described in \\[[@CR7]\\]. ", "In the last step the determined curve of the spine is translated and rotated using the rotation matrix \\[[@CR11]\\]. ", "As a result the curve of the spine is presented in the transversal plane, which is perpendicular to a line segment that is defined by the initial point and the end point of the spinal curve. ", "Curvatures of the spine in the cranio-caudal view are presented by projecting the automatically determined spatial curve of the spine on the diagram shown in Fig.", " [1](#Fig1){ref-type=\"fig\"} with the following properties:The diagram is positioned in a plane that is perpendicular to the CL segmentThe C and L points are positioned at an arbitrary point (0, 0) of the coordinate systemThe abscissa -- the axis Y represents the scatter of the spinal curve points in the left-right (LR) viewThe distance between the minimum and maximum points in the left-right view is represented by the LR parameterThe ordinate -- the axis Z represents the scatter of the spinal curve points in the anterior-posterior (AP) viewThe distance between the minimum and maximum points in the anterior-posterior view is represented by the AP parameterThe course of the spinal curve points is marked by two colours: the thoracic spinal curve points between the C and Th points are marked with red, while the lumbar spinal curve points between the Th and L points are marked with green.", "Fig. ", "1Diagram showing the course of the spine curve in the cranio-caudal view. ", "Besides, the measured distances between the extreme points, denoted as AP and LR are shown. ", "The red-coloured spinal curve denotes the thoracic spinal curve points, while the green-coloured spinal curve denotes the lumbar spinal curve points\n\nFor all the subjects the following parameters were calculated:A standardized range of scatter of the spinal curve points in the anterior-posterior view: AP/CL. ", "Since the patients had different body heights, the parameter AP was normalised by dividing by the length of the thoracic and lumbar spine, i.e., the distance between the points C and L.A standardized range of scatter of the spinal curve points in the left-right view: LR/CL.The value of the range of scatter in the left-right view divided by the range of scatter in the anterior-posterior view LR/AP\n\nAll the measured parameters were compared between the scoliotic and control groups using the statistical tests. ", "The test of normality was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk Test. ", "In order to determine whether two samples of both groups were coming from the same two populations with the same mean, the Student's *t*-Test was used for the normal data. ", "In the case of the non-normal data, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used as a non-parametric method for testing whether the samples originated from the same distribution.", "\n\nIn order to emphasize the difference between the patients with differently expressed scoliosis, an illustrative comparison with the graphs and the calculated parameters for three subjects are shown. ", "The first patient had physiological spinal curvatures. ", "The second patient had mild scoliosis with a Cobb angle of around 20°, and the third patient had moderately severe scoliosis with a Cobb angle of around 40°. ", "Pictures of the backs with an automatically determined spinous-processes line are presented, together with the diagrams and the calculated parameters.", "\n\nThe presented research was presented to the Republic of Slovenia National Medical Ethics Committee, which stated that there is a compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. ", "The committee made a positive declaration and approved the carrying out of the presented research (reference number 30/02/09). ", "All the patients consented to participate in the presented research and gave an informed written consent also regarding the publication of this paper including accompanying images. ", "In the case of a child's participation in the research, the informed written consent was obtained from either the parent or the guardian.", "\n\nResults {#Sec3}\n=======\n\nThe proposed method, based on laser triangulation principle enables exact determination of the spatial spine curve in the first step. ", "The second step of the method is based on detection and following the spine curvatures. ", "The results of comparison of the AP and LR distances between the maximum points, divided by the CL distance are presented in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The statistical calculations showed a normal distribution of the results for the AP/CL parameter for both groups (*p* \\> 0.05). ", "The LR/CL and LR/AP parameters are not normally distributed in both groups (*p* \\< 0.05).Table 1The probability of the normally distributed calculated parameters AP/CL, LR/CL and LR/AP in the scoliosis and control groupsScoliosis groupControl groupParameterStatistical test*P* valueStatistical test*P* valueAP/CLShapiro-Wilk0.95Shapiro-Wilk0.42LR/CLShapiro-Wilk\\<0.001Shapiro-Wilk\\<0.001LR/APShapiro-Wilk\\<0.001Shapiro-Wilk\\<0.001\n\nThe comparison of the range of the calculated parameters of the scatter of the spinal curve points between the observed groups is presented in Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The differences between the average range of the LR/CL parameter in the subjects with scoliosis is statistically significantly larger (*p* \\< 0.05). ", "The significance of the difference is also confirmed by comparing the average values of LR/AP, which are larger for the patients with scoliosis (*p* \\< 0.05).Table 2The average values, the standard deviation and the differences between the calculated parameters (AP/CL, LR/CL and LR/AP) in the scoliosis and control groupsParameterScoliosis groupControl groupStatistical test*P* valueMean ± SDMean ± SDAP/CL12.41 ± 4.2410.99 ± 2.47Student's t0.1LR/CL4.33 ± 2.241.43 ± 0.55Kruskal--Wallis\\<0.001LR/AP0.40 ± 0.280.13 ± 0.06Kruskal--Wallis\\<0.001\n\nThe applicability of the graphical presentation and the mathematical analysis of the thoracic and lumbar spinal curves are illustrated using the following three examples, shown in Figs.", " [2](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [3](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}.Fig. ", "2Example of three automatically determined spatial spine curves for the three subjects. ", "Greyscale images of the backs with automatically determined spine curves (purple colour) for the three subjects. **", "a** Subject 1 -- subject with a physiological curve of the spine; (**b**) Subject 2 -- subject with mild scoliosis; (**c**) Subject 3 -- subject with moderately severe scoliosisFig. ", "3Example of three diagrams of scatter of the spinal curve points for the three subjects. **", "a** Subject 1 -- subject with a physiological curve of the spine; (**b**) Subject 2 -- subject with mild scoliosis; (**c**) Subject 3 -- subject with moderately severe scoliosisTable 3Measured and calculated parameters for three subjectsParameterSubject 1Subject 2Subject 3Cobb angle \\[°\\]02040AP/CL \\[/\\]11.9810.8312.97LR/CL \\[/\\]1.013.337.37LR/AP \\[/\\]0.080.310.57LR \\[cm\\]0.421.293.05AP \\[cm\\]5.004.215.38Subject 1 -- the subject with a physiological spinal curve, Subject 2 -- the subject with mild scoliosis, Subject 3 -- the subject with moderately severe scoliosisThe LR and AP values are absolute measures that are expressed in centimetres\n\nBased on Figs.", " [2a](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [3a](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"} in the case of Subject 1 -- the subject with a physiological curvatures of the spine -- a large degree of AP scatter can be seen. ", "The scatter in the LR view is minimal, which excludes the important side deviation. ", "The LR/AP quotient shows that the LR scatter is only 8 % of the AP scatter. ", "The red part of the curve indicates the direction and expression of the thoracic kyphosis, i.e., the scatter of the points in the P view, and the green part represents the much smaller lumbar lordosis curve, i.e., the scatter of the points in the A view.", "\n\nFor Subject 2 -- the subject with mild scoliosis -- the diagram also shows a side scatter of the points in the LR view, which is shown on Figs.", " [2b](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [3b](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The LR scatter is about 31 % of the scatter in the AP view. ", "The red part of the curve indicates the size of the thoracic kyphosis (P view), which deviates to the right (R view). ", "The green curve presents a relatively smaller AP curve of the lumbar spine, which is in the direction of lordosis (A view), but the deviation is still to the right (R view), i.e., right thoracolumbar scoliosis.", "\n\nAn even more expressed scoliosis is indicated by an even larger increase in the LR scatter. ", "In the case of Subject 3 -- the subject with moderately severe scoliosis -- the LR scatter is about 57 % of the AP scatter, which is shown on Figs.", " [2c](#Fig2){ref-type=\"fig\"}, [3c](#Fig3){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type=\"table\"}. ", "The diagram also shows the increased side scatter of points in the LR view. ", "The red part of the curve demonstrates the size of the expressed thoracic kyphosis, which is deviated to the left. ", "The green curve is oriented slightly to the left and the transitions from kyphosis to lordosis are in the direction of the L point.", "\n\nDiscussion {#Sec4}\n==========\n\nThe paper aims to improve the analysis and quantification of scoliotic curvatures. ", "A scoliotic spine is characterized by a lateral curvature in the frontal plane along with a vertebral rotation in the transversal plane. ", "In terms of different imaging methods and analyses that are frequently used in clinical practise, the deformation is mostly observed and measured based on a posterior and lateral view \\[[@CR6], [@CR12]\\].", "\n\nThe Cobb angle is the established method for measuring the scoliotic curvature and requires an X-ray image of the spine. ", "The Cobb angle defines the deviation in the frontal plane; however, it does not include any information about 3D positional changes of the adjacent vertebrae. ", "In our case the comparison between the method based on Cobb angle determination and the presented method, based on cranio-caudal analysis of the spine curvatures was not performed, since the X-ray imaging method needed for Cobb angle determination was not used in our research. ", "More recent approaches also consider the inclination and deviation of the spine from its natural position in various other positions and provide a cranio-caudal view of the spine \\[[@CR13]\\]; however, it is not quantitatively analysed \\[[@CR12]\\]. ", "The EOS imaging system provides a cranio-caudal view of the spine as a series of vertebrae, which is imposed on the basis, represented as a line between two femoral heads \\[[@CR14]\\]. ", "The vertebrae representing the transitional zones in the scoliosis measurement are marked with a different colour. ", "Since complete vertebras are drawn, the transparency is somewhat reduced and the position of the vertebras is depicted by the pointed vectors. ", "The measurement procedure requires X-ray imaging, with a reduced intensity of ionizing radiation; however, the real risk reduction for the patients has not yet been proven \\[[@CR15]\\].", "\n\nNew, non-invasive, 3D methods, based on optical metrology, allow us to analyse the course of spinous processes, which indirectly show the course of the spine and kyphosis or lordosis of the spine in the sagittal plane and the scoliosis in the frontal plane. ", "The spatial distribution of the points in both planes can be provided by the third dimension -- the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal course of the spine. ", "The view in this plane makes it possible to present the whole thoracic and lumbar spine in a simple, clear and informative graphical way. ", "The diagram enables measurements of the most extensive range of points in the AP and LR views. ", "The range of points in the AP view provides the size of the sagittal curves, whereas the LR view provides the scoliotic curvatures. ", "The quotient of both ranges shows the proportion of the LR range in the AP range. ", "The study has shown a statistically significant higher LR/AP quotient (*p* \\< 0.001) in the subjects with scoliosis (0.40 ± 0.28) compared to the subjects with physiological spinal curvatures (0.13 ± 0.06). ", "A comparison of the acquired results and the data available in the literature was not possible because a review of the medical records showed that such an approach to calculating scoliosis was not used.", "\n\nTo compare the range of scatter of the spinal points in the AP and LR views between the differently sized subjects we standardized the measurement by considering the length of the observed spine, i.e., the length CL. ", "Both points were positioned at the starting point of the diagram to make the diagram more illustrative. ", "In subjects with physiological spinal curvatures, the median drops from C1 onto the S1 plate, the CL line being vertical \\[[@CR16]\\]; therefore, the projection of the spine curve is positioned in the horizontal plane. ", "In the case of scoliosis, the direction of the CL line deviates to some extent because the C point is not projected vertically above the L point. ", "The projection of the spine curve is therefore positioned in the plane, which is not completely horizontal. ", "Consequently, the information of the spatial position of the C and L point is lost, but the display still clearly demonstrates the scatter of the points in the AP and LR views and the presence of the scoliosis.", "\n\nConclusion {#Sec5}\n==========\n\nThe main innovation of the proposed method is the ability to differentiate between scoliotic and healthy subjects, based on cranio-caudal analysis of the spatial spine curve, determined by laser triangulation. ", "The method showed statistically significant differences between the scoliosis and the control group. ", "In addition, longitudinal monitoring of developed scoliotic curvatures of spine in individuals can be performed. ", "This can be beneficial in the process of making decisions for referring a patient to more accurate as well as more aggressive diagnostic procedures, which show the course and 3D orientation of the vertebrae in a scoliotic spine. ", "Therefore, the proposed method can be useful for human posture diagnostics and for monitoring scoliotic spine curvatures in preventive and curative clinical practice at all levels of health care.", "\n\nPA\n\n: Postero-anterior\n\nAP\n\n: Antero-posterior\n\nLR\n\n: Left-right\n\n**Competing interests**\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.", "\n\n**Authors' contributions**\n\nDČ performed the measurements, interpreted measurement data and wrote the manuscript. ", "BJP provided administrative support. ", "PP carried out the measurement analysis, statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. ", "JM proposed the research and revised the manuscript. ", "All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.", "\n\nThe authors would like to express their thanks to Dr. Drago Bračun, PhD, for the hardware and software development of the device used and Miro Palfy, PhD, for all the technical assistance in performing the measurements. ", "This research was conducted as a part of the project Laser Triangulation in Medicine (LASTRIM -- L7-4274), financed by the Slovenian Research Agency.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Central" }

[ 0.0006305481074377894, 0.0035721363965421915, 0.0007268936606124043, 0.0006530741229653358, 0.0006883963942527771, 0.013286065310239792, 0.0008190968655981123, 0.0039087869226932526, 0.0005558633711189032, 0.0006117290467955172, 0.0010296449763700366, 0.0008544428856112063, 0.0008614623220637441, 0.0007274348754435778, 0.0005870545865036547, 0.0005833744071424007, 0.0005749858682975173, 0.0007981464150361717, 0.0006014990503899753, 0.0006347415619529784, 0.0006705892155878246, 0.0006167299579828978, 0.0005418445216491818, 0.0008059112587943673, 0.0005836007185280323, 0.0006157435127533972, 0.0008608232019469142, 0.0005902804550714791, 0.000590149371419102, 0.0006193340523168445, 0.0006402309518307447, 0.0006683795945718884, 0.0006238762871362269, 0.0008293872233480215, 0.0009033198584802449, 0.0005620814044959843, 0.0006159331533126533, 0.0007004541112110019, 0.0006973399431444705, 0.0015565421199426055, 0.000606973422691226, 0.0005581563455052674, 0.0006023274036124349, 0.0009543415508233011, 0.0005660949391312897, 0.0005191073869355023, 0.000505204894579947, 0.0005104021402075887, 0.0006052000680938363, 0.00062563520623371, 0.0006303528207354248, 0.0005454658530652523, 0.0005883928388357162, 0.0007541325176134706, 0.0007481334614567459, 0.0008188619976863265, 0.0007384239579550922, 0.0005979391862638295, 0.0006541362381540239, 0.018146241083741188, 0.0007131680031307042, 0.0033640216570347548, 0.001881760312244296, 0.0006972355768084526, 0.001512383809313178, 0.0007998152868822217, 0.0006516494322568178, 0.000704780628439039, 0.0013096729526296258, 0.0016103320522233844, 0.0006372304051183164, 0.0012694388860836625, 0.0009054232505150139, 0.0007032693247310817, 0.0006331806653179228, 0.0013954153982922435, 0.0006279901717789471, 0.0007143801776692271, 0.0006924060289748013, 0.0006018729181960225, 0.0006182612851262093, 0.0005579228745773435, 0.000582471489906311, 0.0006785851437598467, 0.0010017066961154342, 0.000574040284845978, 0.0006140577606856823, 0.0005768101545982063, 0.0007930588908493519, 0.0005546157481148839, 0.0007532003219239414, 0.0005560849094763398, 0.0007209081668406725, 0.0006444295286200941, 0.0007110087317414582, 0.0005780892679467797, 0.0006323035340756178, 0.0005907582817599177, 0.0006394049269147217, 0.0006265389383770525, 0.000624930311460048, 0.000669011555146426, 0.0006754001951776445, 0.0005918496754020452, 0.0006035169353708625, 0.000566831964533776, 0.0005601143930107355, 0.000638478493783623, 0.0006042819004505873, 0.0006246667471714318, 0.0005597440176643431, 0.0005879743839614093, 0.000526997959241271, 0.0005223829066380858, 0.0005788832786493003, 0.001995587022975087 ]

[ " in 0.2, -1/2, 135262?", "\n0.2\nWhich is the nearest to 1? ", " (a) 2 (b) -2/3 (c) 0.136 (d) 91.58\nc\nWhich is the closest to 12? ", " (a) -3 (b) 3 (c) -5 (d) -2/1449 (e) 2/83 (f) -1\nb\nWhat is the nearest to -0.8 in -1951, 1, -4, 1/5?", "\n1/5\nWhat is the closest to -1 in 4, -2, 1, 0.05, 40, 596?", "\n-2\nWhat is the closest to -2/3 in -4, -2/11, -2, 0.3, -4/85, 1598?", "\n-2/11\nWhich is the nearest to -0.03913? ", " (a) -1/4 (b) -86 (c) -4\na\nWhat is the closest to 0.1 in 0, 30156/1933, 3?", "\n0\nWhat is the closest to -40 in -2.1, 5, 3437?", "\n-2.1\nWhat is the nearest to -2/9 in -155, 2, 3/4, -40?", "\n3/4\nWhich is the nearest to -13/4? ", " (a) -0.3 (b) -1492/17 (c) 3\na\nWhat is the nearest to -2/3 in -3, 7/4, -2940, 1/4?", "\n1/4\nWhat is the closest to -11191 in 1, -0.04, 14/11?", "\n-0.04\nWhich is the closest to 21.22? ", " (a) 3 (b) 0.3 (c) 9 (d) -4 (e) 0.4\nc\nWhat is the nearest to 11/5 in 2, -2, -103, -10.6, -6?", "\n2\nWhat is the nearest to -0.084 in 0.5, -1, 1185, -1/4?", "\n-1/4\nWhat is the closest to 406 in -0.06, -16/5, 11/3?", "\n11/3\nWhat is the closest to 33 in 0, 1/4, 8, -12671?", "\n8\nWhat is the closest to -2 in 81, -1/3, 4, -10, 48?", "\n-1/3\nWhich is the closest to 13627? ", " (a) 3 (b) -924/5 (c) 0.05\na\nWhat is the nearest to -0.4 in -6, -4/11, -632.3, -2/5?", "\n-2/5\nWhat is the nearest to 35 in -0.5, -68, -0.4, 131/5, 0.02?", "\n131/5\nWhich is the closest to -1/12? ", " (a) -3 (b) 8.0244 (c) 5\na\nWhat is the nearest to 0.13 in 0.5, 24568/7, 1/11, -0.4, 0.2?", "\n1/11\nWhat is the closest to -7 in 0.1, -0.5, -3961, 2/5, 4/21?", "\n-0.5\nWhat is the closest to 20/27 in 3, -1/6, 31155.9?", "\n-1/6\nWhich is the closest to 1/5? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) 5 (c) 4/7 (d) -4734/17\nc\nWhich is the closest to -0.1? ", " (a) 0.3 (b) -0.2 (c) 529 (d) 51 (e) 0.38 (f) -2/3\nb\nWhich is the nearest to 7/4? ", " (a) -10 (b) 150 (c) 1\nc\nWhich is the closest to 26/31? ", " (a) 4318 (b) -43 (c) -1/7\nc\nWhich is the closest to -4? ", " (a) 0.04 (b) -0.4 (c) -0.468 (d) -0.3 (e) -21 (f) 6\nc\nWhat is the closest to 2/5 in -42, -727, -2282?", "\n-42\nWhich is the nearest to 0.1? ", " (a) 8/3 (b) 100 (c) -0.012 (d) -1 (e) 2/3 (f) -0.2\nc\nWhat is the nearest to 90 in -0.03, -2/3, 4305/4, -0.4, -0.2?", "\n-0.03\nWhich is the nearest to -0.05? ", " (a) 21 (b) 3 (c) -1450 (d) -21 (e) 5\nb\nWhich is the closest to -1? ", " (a) -0.0366 (b) 2/17 (c) -1 (d) 0.3098 (e) -1/4\nc\nWhich is the closest to -2/7? ", " (a) -2 (b) -0.8 (c) 2 (d) -1313\nb\nWhich is the nearest to -7/3? ", " (a) -2/53 (b) 0.762 (c) -4\nc\nWhich is the closest to 12? ", " (a) 4.02 (b) 0 (c) -5 (d) 1.3 (e) 11\ne\nWhat is the nearest to -2 in 10, 8.5, 0.03, -7, -12?", "\n0.03\nWhich is the nearest to -0.2? ", " (a) -2 (b) 1 (c) -3 (d) 3/4 (e) -36265/3 (f) -2/47\nf\nWhich is the nearest to 1/8? ", " (a) -660 (b) -10.18 (c) 1 (d) 0.5 (e) -1/3\nd\nWhat is the nearest to -0.1 in 1/222, 1, -6897?", "\n1/222\nWhat is the closest to 1.46 in -148/15, -4, -1, -1/2?", "\n-1/2\nWhat is the closest to -2 in 17, -5, 2, -297, -1/9?", "\n-1/9\nWhich is the nearest to 1/63? ", " (a) 0.4 (b) 3 (c) 168207\na\nWhat is the closest to 2 in 1/6, -7, -1, -326, -5?", "\n1/6\nWhat is the nearest to -0.1 in 8, -4, 2/15, 39/8, 1/9?", "\n1/9\nWhich is the nearest to 2? ", " (a) 3/2 (b) -5.03 (c) 0.02 (d) 0\na\nWhich is the nearest to 3? ", " (a) -1/6 (b) -2145 (c) 0.038 (d) 5 (e) 0.3 (f) 21\nd\nWhat is the nearest to 0.2 in -0.04, 17663, -23?", "\n-0.04\nWhat is the closest to 0.2 in -2/109, 15, 0.5, -4166?", "\n-2/109\nWhich is the closest to -0.2? ", " (a) 1/4 (b) 0.4 (c) 392 (d) -1 (e) -62\na\nWhich is the closest to -2? ", " (a) 6 (b) -3/5 (c) -1.1 (d) 646 (e) -1\nc\nWhat is the nearest to 301/3852 in -2, 0.1, -2/3?", "\n0.1\nWhat is the nearest to 0.2 in 0.06, -0.4, 1/7, -1.193, -0.1?", "\n1/7\nWhich is the closest to -209? ", " (a) 0.3 (b) -1/2 (c) 29 (d) 0.1\nb\nWhat is the closest to 0.03 in -2/3, -110, 35?", "\n-2/3\nWhich is the nearest to 14/5? ", " (a) -0.55 (b) -3 (c) -328 (d) 0 (e) 2/9\ne\nWhich is the nearest to -9? ", " (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) -496/27\nb\nWhich is the closest to -39? ", " (a) 0.4 (b) 1/19 (c) 258 (d) -3/2\nd\nWhat is the nearest to -3 in -2/9, -0.1, 148, 1/5, 985, -1/5?", "\n-2/9\nWhich is the closest to -53? ", " (a) 3 (b) -2.4 (c) -2/5 (d) -4.3 (e) -76\ne\nWhat is the nearest to 0 in -115.74, 1, -0.1, 0.4, -3, 408?", "\n-0.1\nWhat is the closest to -3 in 0, -2, 990, -489, 2/11?", "\n-2\nWhat is the nearest to 175 in -2, 0.5, 8?", "\n8\nWhich is the closest to -9? ", " (a) 13/9 (b) -3/5 (c) 26.7 (d) 6\nb\nWhich is the nearest to 0.1? ", " (a) -3/2 (b) -0.3 (c) 5127 (d) 3/2\nb\nWhat is the closest to 1 in 0.146, 5, -1/156?", "\n0.146\nWhat is the closest to 39/667 in -2/13, -3, -0.2, 1/3, -3/4?", "\n-2/13\nWhat is the closest to 2 in 2/3, -4, 20/9, -1, 3/2, -2873?", "\n20/9\nWhat is the closest to -0.4 in 3/7, -1283, 2/3, 0.33, -0.2?", "\n-0.2\nWhich is the closest to 3? ", " (a) -5 (b) 1 (c) -1/2 (d) 844 (e) -3/5\nb\nWhich is the closest to 5/92? ", " (a) -0.5 (b) -0.3 (c) 3/2 (d) -3/2 (e) 1\nb\nWhich is the nearest to 1.64? ", " (a) 3/8 (b) -1 (c) -68 (d) 1/819\na\nWhich is the nearest to 10.2? ", " (a) -0.1 (b) 0.07 (c) 8/7 (d) -3 (e) -31\nc\nWhich is the closest to 5? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) 2/15 (c) -2/131 (d) 22 (e) 0.5\ne\nWhat is the nearest to -1 in 114, 144824, 0.1, -0.3?", "\n-0.3\nWhich is the closest to -381? ", " (a) -1 (b) -1/2 (c) 3 (d) 1/6 (e) 42\na\nWhich is the nearest to -30? ", " (a) 60 (b) 8 (c) 155/3 (d) 0.05\nd\nWhich is the nearest to 9/4? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) -16.2 (c) 4 (d) -0.04 (e) 2/23\nc\nWhich is the closest to -2? ", " (a) 0.881 (b) -1 (c) -0.1 (d) 1/7 (e) 0.2 (f) -23\nb\nWhich is the closest to 7012? ", " (a) -0.2 (b) -36 (c) -1 (d) -3.54\na\nWhat is the closest to 91 in -0.4, 0, 2/3, 299, -3/2, 5?", "\n5\nWhich is the closest to 0? ", " (a) 10/3 (b) -1.6 (c) 96 (d) -3/4\nd\nWhich is the nearest to 58? ", " (a) -77 (b) -2 (c) 6\nc\nWhich is the nearest to 1.369? ", " (a) 0 (b) -276 (c) -36\na\nWhat is the nearest to -3 in -50, -4/701, 0.1, -2/15, -4/7?", "\n-4/7\nWhat is the closest to 5 in 3, 1/5, 28.9195?", "\n3\nWhat is the nearest to 1 in -0.2, -1245, 649, 2/9?", "\n2/9\nWhich is the closest to 0.04? ", " (a) -3/19 (b) -5 (c) 9/490\nc\nWhat is the closest to -3 in -4, 0.2, 1/2, -4/22555, 0?", "\n-4\nWhich is the closest to 0.07? ", " (a) 3/5 (b) -83 (c) -25/12\na\nWhat is the closest to -2 in -1/4, 549, -2/133, 0.1, -0.1, -2/7?", "\n-2/7\nWhat is the nearest to 1/3 in 10/3, -4426, 1/6, -5, 1?", "\n1/6\nWhat is the closest to 0.1 in -0.23, -3, 3, -6678?", "\n-0.23\nWhich is the closest to -0.1? ", " (a) -1 (b) -0.6 (c) -5324/305\nb\nWhat is the nearest to -1/239 in 1, -0.3, -1, 0.9, -0.16?", "\n-0.16\nWhich is the nearest to -0.1? ", " (a) -0.4 (b) 2/41 (c) -3 (d) -1/7 (e) 102 (f) 0.02\nd\nWhat is the nearest to -2 in 2/7, 12.2, -4/9, 8, 10?", "\n-4/9\nWhich is the closest to -178.387? ", " (a) 4/3 (b) -147/11 (c) 4\nb\nWhat is the closest to 1/4 in -66/25, -1/264, -4, 1/10?", "\n1/10\nWhat is the closest to -1 in 53, -1, -2, -5, -443?", "\n-1\nWhich is the closest to 69? ", " (a) 2/13 (b) 4 (c) 0.073 (d) -3\nb\nWhat is the closest to 1/6 in -13/11, -3/5, -6, 5?", "\n-3/5\nWhich is the closest to 2? ", " (a) -2/9 (b) 9 (c) -6 (d) 0 (e) 73\nd\nWhat is the closest to 6 in -11.64, -0.08, 4, -2/5?", "\n4\nWhat is the closest to 0.1701 in 3/5, 29, -26?", "\n3/5\nWhich is the closest to 18240? ", " (a) 2/3 (b) -5/7 (c) -29\na\nWhat is the closest to 2 in -1/7, 1896/31, -11, -0.4?", "\n-1/7\nWhat is the closest to -1/2 in -3, -888, -0.4, 686, 3?", "\n-0.4\nWhich is the closest to 1? ", " (a) -1/48 (b) 0.68 (c) -1/4 (d) -0.03\nb\nWhat is the closest to 2552 in 2/13, -27, -1/5, -1?", "\n2/13\nWhat is the closest to -1/4 in -22615, -1/4, 417?", "\n-1/4\nWhich is the closest to 2? ", " (a) -27 (b) -18 (c) 1.736 (d) -1/4\nc\nWhat is the closest to -7/41 in 11/17, 8/7, 0?", "\n0\nWhat is the closest to -0.3 in 24644, 1/5, -3, 5?", "\n1/5\nWhich is the nearest to 2? ", " (a) -12840 (b) -0.2 (c) -6521 (d) -3\nb\nWhat is the nearest to 1 in -54, 0.5, 3.3, 0.2392?", "\n0.5\nWhat is the closest to -5 in -3, -0.063, 4182?", "\n-3\nWhich is the closest to 74/17? ", " (a) 19 (b) -0.6 (c) 4/9\nc\nWhich is the nearest to 5? ", " (a) -0.1 (b) -43 (c) -2/5 (d) -50 (e) 2/7 (f) 10\ne\nWhich is the closest to 0.419? ", " (a) 33 (b) -1/18 (c) -114\nb\nWhat is the nearest to 0.14 in -4, 1140, -2/9, 1/2?", "\n1/2\nWhich is the closest to -26/9? ", " (a) 2 (b) 107 (c) -2 (d) -3 (e) 16 (f) -6\nd\nWhich is the nearest to 5? ", " (a) 130.82 (b) 3 (c) -7/4\nb\nWhat is the nearest to 0.01 in 4, -4, 6623?", "\n4\nWhich is the nearest to -0.4? ", " (a) -1/23 (b) -189.01 (c) -4 (d) -0.4\nd\nWhich is the nearest to -1/38? ", " (a" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

[ 0.0007197411032393575, 0.00106812606099993, 0.0007254832307808101, 0.0009779739193618298, 0.0010123796528205276, 0.0008448383305221796, 0.0008692187839187682, 0.0007006179657764733, 0.0008781975484453142, 0.00088774278992787, 0.0008325176313519478, 0.0007941111689433455, 0.0007858028984628618, 0.0007742985617369413, 0.000986019498668611, 0.0010330844670534134, 0.0007010307745076716, 0.0007565070409327745, 0.0008096413221210241, 0.0006897805142216384, 0.0009401965071447194, 0.0010107827838510275, 0.000729488383512944, 0.000867124239448458, 0.0008935707155615091, 0.0007237420650199056, 0.0007297636475414038, 0.0007167099975049496, 0.0010103966342285275, 0.000669553002808243, 0.000650912057608366, 0.000921917031519115, 0.0010120338993147016, 0.0011531630298122764, 0.000959794910158962, 0.0007402970804832876, 0.0007686287863180041, 0.0007788648945279419, 0.0006828385521657765, 0.0010135845514014363, 0.00102332909591496, 0.0011090285843238235, 0.0008185624028556049, 0.0008351380238309503, 0.0006793046486563981, 0.0008102302672341466, 0.0009196110186167061, 0.0011992176296189427, 0.0009287882712669671, 0.0008587258635088801, 0.0010645610745996237, 0.000879217404872179, 0.0007622329285368323, 0.0008313716971315444, 0.0007813310949131846, 0.0012077039573341608, 0.0007855562726035714, 0.000909684575162828, 0.0007704748422838748, 0.0008541070856153965, 0.0007189935422502458, 0.0009339333628304303, 0.000725951511412859, 0.0010403036139905453, 0.0009274172480218112, 0.0008969068294391036, 0.0008059925748966634, 0.0008554881205782294, 0.0009022583835758269, 0.0008300695335492492, 0.0007527834386564791, 0.0008022571564652026, 0.0007793107652105391, 0.000735139474272728, 0.0009766146540641785, 0.000759576098062098, 0.000760731112677604, 0.0009164686780422926, 0.0007437808671966195, 0.000947995635215193, 0.0024800992105156183, 0.000778389279730618, 0.0008126248721964657, 0.0009309257147833705, 0.0009904635371640325, 0.000791906553786248, 0.0008130957721732557, 0.0008183612371794879, 0.0008184805628843606, 0.0012007487239316106, 0.0008594536338932812, 0.0007367662037722766, 0.000805780291557312, 0.0007629410247318447, 0.000882444903254509, 0.0009148881654255092, 0.0008138476405292749, 0.0008798715425655246, 0.0009485630434937775, 0.0009640519856475294, 0.0007742219022475183, 0.0007530893781222403, 0.0009616338647902012, 0.0007671553175896406, 0.0008537546964362264, 0.0007432306883856654, 0.0009945755591616035, 0.0007660222472622991, 0.0009107916848734021, 0.0007837546872906387, 0.0008218054426833987, 0.000799253408331424, 0.0007920917705632746, 0.0007157581276260316, 0.0007439095061272383, 0.0007412289269268513, 0.000756902270950377, 0.0009564009960740805, 0.0008917603990994394, 0.000864181958604604, 0.000712627312168479, 0.0008651953539811075, 0.0010097908088937402, 0.0009379810653626919, 0.0007426985539495945, 0.0010263142175972462, 0.0008502775453962386, 0.0009645252139307559, 0.0007722901646047831, 0.0007159856613725424 ]

[ "Juan Pablo García (racing driver)\n\nJuan Pablo García (born October 4, 1987) is a Mexican racing driver.", "\n\nRacing career\n\nEarly career\nGarcia began his professional career in Formula Renault 2000 de America in 2006. ", "He made two A1 Grand Prix starts for A1 Team Mexico that winter and then drove in the British Formula 3 Championship National Class, finishing 7th. ", "In 2008 he drove in Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup, finishing 16th, and Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup where he failed to score.", "\n\nIndy Lights\nIn August 2009 he signed on to make his Indy Lights debut for HVM Racing at Infineon Raceway after being inactive for much of the year. ", "He returned to the team in 2010 and made two late-season road course starts, finishing 6th at Infineon. ", "For 2011 he signed to drive full-time in the series for Jensen MotorSport. ", "However, he left the team and the series after the fourth race of the season, the Freedom 100, with a best finish of eighth. ", "He returned to Indy Lights in 2012 racing with the Jeffrey Mark Motorsports team. ", "Garcia finished 9th in points with a best finish of 7th (twice). ", "He returned to the series in 2013 with Team Moore Racing for ten races, switching to Belardi Auto Racing for the final two races of the season. ", "He finished eighth in points with a best finish of fourth in the season opener at St. Petersburg.", "\n\nRacing record\n\nAmerican open–wheel racing results \n(key)\n\nIndy Lights\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1987 births\nCategory:Mexican racing drivers\nCategory:A1 Team Mexico drivers\nCategory:Latin America Formula Renault 2000 drivers\nCategory:Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers\nCategory:Formula Renault Eurocup drivers\nCategory:British Formula Three Championship drivers\nCategory:Indy Lights drivers\nCategory:Living people" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0009047911735251546, 0.0006358011160045862, 0.0007329464424401522, 0.0008147222106344998, 0.0006178495823405683, 0.0006805371376685798, 0.0006204223027452826, 0.0008236446883529425, 0.000700076692737639, 0.0007859534816816449, 0.0007112289895303547, 0.0007566804997622967, 0.0006272382452152669 ]

[ "Raul Mendoza\n\nRaúl Mendoza (born November 25, 1990) is a Mexican professional wrestler currently signed to WWE, where he performs on both the NXT and 205 Live brands.", "\n\nProfessional wrestling career\nMendoza made his professional wrestling debut on September 16, 2006. ", "Over the next ten years, Mendoza would primarily compete on the Mexican independent circuit, most notably appearing for independent promotions Desastre Total Ultraviolento (DTU), Perros del Mal (PdM), and the International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), while also appearing for national promotion Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (AAA) and Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Noah.", "\n\nIn June 2016, Mendoza was announced as a participant in the WWE Cruiserweight Classic, a 32-man single-elimination tournament featuring competitors 205 lbs. ", "and under, as a representative from Mexico. ", "Mendoza was eliminated from the tournament in the first round by The Brian Kendrick. ", "Following the Cruiserweight Classic, Mendoza was signed by WWE, who assigned him to compete in the NXT developmental territory. ", " Mendoza made his NXT debut on the May 25, 2017 episode, being defeated by Velveteen Dream. ", "On February 9, 2018 at an NXT live event, Mendoza won a battle royal to become the number one contender to the NXT Championship. ", "The following day on February 10, Mendoza was defeated by NXT Champion Andrade \"Cien\" Almas. ", "Mendoza made his 205 Live debut on the July 23, 2019 episode of 205 Live, where he teamed with Humberto Carrillo to defeat Kalisto and Gran Metalik. ", "On the November 1 episode of 205 Live, Mendoza unsuccessfully challenged the NXT Cruiserweight Champion Lio Rush.", "\n\nChampionships and accomplishments\nDesastre Total Ultraviolento\nDTU Alto Impacto Championship (1 time)\n Pro Wrestling Illustrated\n Ranked No. ", "309 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2016\n Pro Wrestling Noah\n Noah Wrestling Camp (2014)\nXtrem Mexican Wrestling\n XMW International Cup (2012)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nWWE profile\nCagematch profile\n\nCategory:1990 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Mexican male professional wrestlers\nCategory:Masked wrestlers" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0012466374319046736, 0.0008997789700515568, 0.0009665894322097301, 0.0009272788884118199, 0.0005805693799629807, 0.0007216081721708179, 0.0012135769939050078, 0.0011800577631220222, 0.0009099935996346176, 0.0018888255581259727, 0.0008167925989255309, 0.0012876347173005342, 0.0009729077573865652, 0.0007781597669236362 ]

[ "On July 29, 1941, Auschwitz deputy commander Karl Fritzsch ordered that 10 men be starved to death as retribution after three inmates were believed to have escaped. ", "Upon hearing that he was sentenced to die, Franciszek Gajowniczek - a sergeant in the Polish army and father of two - burst into tears, prompting the Franciscan Maximilian Kolbe to approach the commander. \"", "I am a Catholic priest from Poland,\" Kolbe said, according to inmates who were present. \"", "I would like to take his place because he has a wife and children.\"", "\n\nFritzsch accepted Kolbe's offer, and the priest went to Auschwitz's notorious starvation bunker with the nine other inmates, whom he tried to console. ", "Two weeks later, Kolbe and three other prisoners who were still alive were finished off with gas. ", "Their bodies were burned.", "\n\nThe future saint was born Raymund Kolbe in 1894, in the Lodz region of the Kingdom of Poland, a territory of the Russian Empire. ", "Devout but poor Catholics, Kolbe's German father and Polish mother sent him and his brother to a Franciscan seminary in Lviv, where he was given the religious name Maximilian. ", "Later, he studied philosophy and theology in Rome. ", "He was no stranger to death: Two brothers died before they were 5, and his father was executed for fighting for Poland's independence from Russia.", "\n\nAs a priest, Kolbe founded a monastery near Warsaw that included housing, seminar space, workshops, a printing and publishing house, and its own broadcaster. ", "The complex was soon well-known throughout the region and was home to more than 700 Franciscans by the end of the 1930s.", "\n\nGermany's invasion of Poland ended Kolbe's work in 1939. ", "The Nazis turned the monastery into a jail and turned its inhabitants out to the streets. ", "Kolbe was arrested, freed and in 1941 arrested again and sent to Auschwitz. ", "He was 47 when he died.", "\n\nFrancis said a prayer on his visit to Kolbe's cell earlier this year\n\n'Radical' compassion\n\nKolbe's horrific death inspired his fellow inmates, as well as future resistance. \"", "Among the destruction, terror and evil, he restored hope,\" Michal Micherdzinski, who was there when Kolbe made his stand, told an interviewer before his death in 2006.", "\n\nGottfried Bohl, the head of news at Germany's KNA Catholic news agency, said Kolbe's act of self-sacrifice \"stands for compassion in the most radical form. ", "He sacrificed his life to save that of another. ", "This shows us that humanity persists even in the darkest and most inhumane moments.\"", "\n\nIn the early 1960s, while postwar and Cold War relations between Germany and Poland were tense, bishops from both countries pushed for Kolbe's canonization. \"", "They worked for reconciliation when no one else did,\" Bohl said. \"", "And they were greeted with hostility for it.\" ", "Kolbe was beatified by Pope Paul VI in 1971 and canonized as a martyr in 1982 by Poland's John Paul II and later paid tribute to by Germany's Benedict XVI.", "\n\nBoth ceremonies were attended by Franciszek Gajowniczek, who lived to 93 thanks to Kolbe. ", "He then traveled around Europe and the United States to promote Kolbe's work.", "\n\nKolbe is the patron saint of drug users, prisoners and journalists. ", "In Poland this summer, Pope Francis prayed in the cell where Kolbe was martyred.", "\n\nTwo active organizations carry on the saint's work in Germany today. ", "Founded in 1973, the Maximilian-Kolbe-Werk is based in the southern city of Freiburg and serves as a relief organization for the survivors of Nazi concentration camps and ghettos, regardless of their faith. ", "And a Berlin-based foundation that bears Kolbe's name supports reconciliation projects in Europe.", "\n\nLudwig Schick, the archbishop of Bamberg, considers Kolbe a symbol of German-Polish reconciliation. ", "Schick is the chairperson of the Kolbe foundation and the German head of the contact group for the German and Polish bishops' conferences. ", "Schick told KNA that the work of reconciliation remains unfinished. ", "His foundation seeks to encourage young people to \"promote reconciliation and peace in their countries.\" ", "Kolbe is an example that can inspire acts of reconciliation throughout the world, he said, especially in Ukraine, Rwanda and Sudan." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.08085829764604568, 0.010783732868731022, 0.0012324777198955417, 0.0056984396651387215, 0.021067792549729347, 0.05664350837469101, 0.5446329116821289, 0.000700684089679271, 0.03108184039592743, 0.0007951909792609513, 0.03158419951796532, 0.0007123051327653229, 0.0006654856842942536, 0.0010492390720173717, 0.14999675750732422, 0.04413019120693207, 0.0037537512835115194, 0.0006566819502040744, 0.0010537077905610204, 0.0008135293610394001, 0.021955424919724464, 0.0017872430616989732, 0.0006001690053381026, 0.0006662837695330381, 0.0009893298847600818, 0.001433041412383318, 0.0006381699931807816, 0.0006134373834356666, 0.03112916648387909, 0.0007453556754626334, 0.0005647220532409847, 0.0008828805875964463, 0.0005561636062338948, 0.0007710414938628674, 0.0007107486017048359, 0.0006876653642393649, 0.0005343619268387556, 0.0005453585181385279 ]

[ "[Effect of the nucleic acids from the ascitic fluid of Ehrlich's tumor on its transplantability].", "\nThe effect of nucleic acids isolated from ascitic fluid of Ehrlich tumor and Zaidela's hepatoma on the survival rate of C3Ha mice inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells was studied. ", "While nucleic acid preparations suppressed the cytotoxicity of immune lymphocytes in vitro, they failed to increase frequency of tumor inoculation in vivo. ", "The addition of nucleic acid preparation to tumor cells mixed with syngeneic lymphocytes did not block immune defense against tumor growth either. ", "The differences in the effects of nucleic acid preparations in vivo and in vitro are discussed." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006276072235777974, 0.0006788975442759693, 0.0011451866012066603, 0.0010897170286625624, 0.0005664711352437735 ]

[ "Concealed Carry: The Criminal’s Companion Executive summary\n\nThis executive summary is taken from the November 1995 study Concealed Carry: The Criminals Companion. ", "For a copy of the complete study, please send a check or money order for $10.00 to the Violence Policy Center, 1730 Rhode Island Ave NW, Suite 1014, Washington, DC, 20036.", "\n\nExecutive Summary\n\nIntroduction\n\nIn state legislatures across the country, pitched battles are being waged to relax laws regarding the carrying of concealed handguns. ", "During the 1994—1995 legislative session, states that passed relaxed “carrying concealed weapons” or “CCW” laws included Texas, Virginia, and Utah. ", "Other states, including Illinois and California, rejected them. ", "Meanwhile, the battle over such laws continues in Michigan, Ohio, and other states. ", "In every state, however, proponents of relaxed concealed carry laws, led by the National Rifle Association of America (NRA), hold up the state of Florida’s concealed weapons law as a model to be replicated throughout the nation. ", "This study examines how the Florida law actually functions and arrives at an inescapable conclusion: Florida’s concealed weapons law puts guns into the hands of criminals.", "\n\nThe NRA rests its arguments in favor of relaxed concealed weapons laws on three articles of faith: criminals do not apply for concealed carry licenses; criminals do not receive concealed carry licenses; and, concealed carry license holders do not commit crimes. ", "Yet, a review of records obtained by the Violence Policy Center (VPC) from the Florida Division of Licensing and the state’s Board of Executive Clemency reveals that:\n\nCriminals do apply for concealed carry licenses.", "Section I of the study reveals that hundreds of criminals—convicted of crimes ranging from firearm violations to kidnapping and aggravated rape—have applied for concealed carry licenses in Florida.", "Criminals do receive concealed carry licenses.", "Section II of the study details both the legal and illegitimate routes convicted criminals exploit to receive concealed carry licenses in Florida.", "\n\nConcealed carry license holders do commit crimes.", "Section III of the study details cases of concealed carry license holders in Florida who have had their licenses revoked or suspended for various crimes—including firearm and drug violations.", "\n\nAs of July 1995 a total of 469 individuals have been identified as having committed a wide variety of crimes—including assault with intent to murder, kidnapping/attempted kidnapping, and shooting with intent to wound—either before obtaining the Florida concealed carry license or after licensure.", "\n\nUntil 1987, Florida, like most states, had a discretionary system for issuing concealed carry licenses, commonly referred to as “may-issue” licensing. ", "Under such systems, state authorities such as a county sheriff, judge, or local police official retain discretion as to whom to grant the license. ", "In 1987, as the result of a campaign by the NRA and its Florida affiliate, the Unified Sportsmen of Florida, the Florida legislature enacted a non-discretionary system under which state authorities must provide a concealed carry license to any applicant who meets specific criteria. ", "Such systems are commonly known as “shall-issue” licensing.", "\n\nThe criteria to obtain a license under Florida’s concealed weapons law are minimal. ", "The state is required to grant a concealed carry license within 90 days to any qualified adult who has taken a firearms safety or training course and does not possess a disqualifying trait. ", "Such traits include: a history of drug or alcohol abuse; any felony conviction; adjudication withheld on a felony charge; some misdemeanor convictions involving violence; state commitment for mental illness; or physical inability to use a gun. ", "In addition to firearms training documentation, the following is required for first-time applicants: a fingerprint check, photograph, $117 fee, review of Florida statutes relating to weapons and firearms, and a completed application. ", "Unless a violation occurs, the license is valid for three years.", "\n\nFlorida’s concealed weapons law delineates eligibility for applicants with a criminal record based on the crime committed and its disposition. ", "Individuals who have been convicted of a state felony are ineligible to receive a concealed carry license unless their civil rights and firearm authority have been restored by the Florida Office of Executive Clemency. ", "Individuals who have had adjudication withheld on a felony charge, and some persons convicted of one or more violent misdemeanors, are ineligible to receive a concealed carry license unless three years have elapsed since completion of any conditions set by the court or their record has been sealed or expunged. ", "In addition, individuals guilty of crimes related to controlled substances or who have chronically and habitually abused alcoholic beverages or other substances within three years of their application are ineligible.", "\n\nSince 1987, more than 206,400 Floridians have applied for new concealed carry licenses. ", "As of July 31, 1995, 200,241 have received them.", "\n\nThe NRA’s greatest success in lobbying for looser concealed weapons laws has been through framing the issue in terms of self-defense against crime. ", "Yet the NRA has not been able to offer much in the way of hard evidence to support its assertion that armed citizens make for a safer society.", "\n\nRecent numbers from Dade County, Florida do not offer a comforting picture. ", "According to information first reported in U.S. News & World Report, the Metro-Dade Police Department tracked 63 incidents involving concealed carry license holders in a five-year period (1987 to 1992) after the law went into effect; 25 incidents involved arrests. ", "The 25 arrest incidents included such crimes as: aggravated assault with a firearm, aggravated battery with a firearm, reckless display and discharging a firearm in public, armed trespass, and cocaine possession. ", "Despite the arrests, in at least 12 of the 25 cases the arrestee was able to retain his concealed carry license—including one incident in which an armed license holder was arrested for misdemeanor battery on his spouse. ", "The remaining 38 non-arrest incidents included: four accidental shootings (resulting in two injuries); three cases in which the license holder’s gun was stolen; two cases of unauthorized carrying in restricted areas; and six disputes that escalated to the point where a gun was pulled. ", "A review of the Dade County information reveals that in a broad sense 16 of the 63 incidents could be classified as attempts at defense of person or property, or efforts to intercede during the commission of a crime. ", "And while there do appear to be legitimate self-defense uses detailed by the Metro-Dade police, in many of the 16 incidents the actual threat is unclear, possession of a concealed carry license may not have been necessary (because the license holder did not leave his or her home), or it is unclear whether the license holder was legally justified in brandishing or firing the weapon. (", "Please see Appendix One of the full study for the complete list of incidents.)", "\n\nRelaxed concealed carry laws offer financial benefits to all members of the gun lobby. ", "For the firearms industry they offer the opportunity to increase the sale of handguns and such accessories as holsters and holster-purses. ", "In the April 1995 issue of the industry newsletter Firearms Business, Gene Lumsden, Interarms, Inc. marketing vice president, “called the increased number of states considering carry laws the ‘most important star on the horizon. ", "Both in terms of sales and our freedoms….'” ", "From the NRA’s perspective, concealed carry training requirements offer NRA-approved firearm instructors a new pool of students (and increased recruitment opportunities for the organization.)", "\n\nFinally, the Florida law allows individuals with lengthy criminal histories access to concealed carry permits. ", "Section IV of the study explains how the Florida system offers distinct advantages to criminals who have plea-bargained their cases.", "\n\nThe NRA vigorously touts relaxed concealed carry laws as a mechanism to arm law-abiding citizens against predatory criminals. ", "And in each state where it battles to “reform” concealed carry laws the organization points to Florida as proof that such laws work. ", "The Violence Policy Center’s analysis of how Florida’s concealed weapons law actually operates reveals the NRA’s faith in it to be, at best, misplaced.", "\n\nSection I: Criminals Do Apply for Concealed Carry Licenses\n\n[E]xperience shows that only honest citizens are willing to submit to the permitting process, the background check, and the training requirements to receive a permit.", "National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action\n\nBetween October 1, 1987 and July 31, 1995, 691 Florida concealed carry applicants were denied licensure due to a criminal history. ", "The VPC reviewed 22 of the denials (Please see Chart A) filed between October 1, 1987 and May 31, 1995—those in which the applicant requested a public hearing. (", "More detailed descriptions of some of the incidents detailed in Chart A are offered in Section I of the full study.)", "\n\nChart A: Concealed Carry License Denials Disputed at Public Hearings\n\nName\n\nApparent Crime and Date of Conviction\n\nJames Nicholas Ansay\n\nConvicted of a felony–Aggravated Battery\nWith a Deadly Firearm (July 25, 1993)\n\nJames Vincent Balestire\n\nMay have been convicted of a felony–Attempted\nRape, Endangering the Welfare of a Child and\nAssault (May 9, 1974)\n\nTheodore Geza Barath\n\nPetitioner may have been convicted of a felony–\nPossession of Marijuana (August 4, 1979)\n\nMichael Boscarino\n\nConvicted of a felony–Carrying a Concealed\nFirearm and Possession of Marijuana (November 21, 1992)\n\nLenon Raymond Butler, Jr.\n\nConvicted of a felony–Use of a Motor Vehicle Without\nOwner’s Permission, also served an extra year for parole\nviolation in connection with the motor vehicle charge (April 3, 1963)\n\nSection II: Criminals Do Receive Concealed Carry Licenses\n\nFlorida’s system trusts the people, and Florida citizens have proven themselves responsible and worthy of that trust.", "NRA First Vice President Marion Hammer\n\nHow Criminals Illegitimately Obtain Concealed Carry Licenses\n\nCriminals illegitimately obtain licenses by denying criminal histories on license applications. ", "The Florida data shows that of the 549 revocation records filed by the Florida Division of Licensing between October 1, 1987 and May 31, 1995, 167 were against individuals who had committed crimes prior to licensure. ", "For these 167 cases, the VPC obtained the records for the 63 revocations (please see Chart B) where public hearings were conducted. (", "More detailed descriptions of some of the incidents detailed in Chart B are offered in Section II of the full study.)", "\n\nLicense revocation, however, is not the end of the road for some licensees with criminal records. ", "Some criminals illegitimately obtain licenses either because they neglect to include relevant criminal history information on their applications or perhaps as the result of bureaucratic oversight. ", "Their licenses are revoked when the criminal history information eventually comes to the attention of the licensing authority, but they nevertheless later go on to legally acquire a license. ", "For example:\n\nThomas J. Thompson was issued a concealed carry license in October 1992. ", "Three months later the Division of Licensing sent Mr. Thompson an administrative complaint to revoke his license. ", "Criminal history information received by the division revealed that Mr. Thompson had been convicted of a felony, burglary-conspiracy in July 1978. ", "On March 15, 1995 Mr. Thompson was granted the authority to own, possess, or use firearms by the Office of Executive Clemency in the state of Florida. ", "He has subsequently reapplied and received a new license to carry a concealed weapon.", "\n\nHow Criminals Legally Obtain Concealed Carry Licenses\n\nIn Florida, convicted felons are generally prohibited from possessing a firearm. ", "Yet they may apply to have their firearms privileges restored at taxpayer expense—and subsequently legally obtain a license to carry a concealed weapon.", "\n\nAccording to the Florida Office of Executive Clemency, each year approximately 300 felons apply for the specific authority to own, possess, or use firearms. ", "From March 1994 to March 1995, 117 felons were granted this specific authority, while an additional 66 convicted felons were granted a full pardon which includes the ability to own, possess, and use firearms. ", "In total, 183 convicted felons had their firearm privileges restored (please see Chart C) between March 1994 and March 1995. (", "More detailed descriptions of some of the incidents detailed in Chart C are offered in Section II of the full study.)", "\n\nHomicide and Attempted Homicide\n– Assault with Intent to Murder\n– Hit and Run Resulting in Death\n– Manslaughter\n\n4\n1\n1\n2\n\n13\n5\n4-13\n\nKidnapping/Attempted Kidnapping\n\n1\n\n4\n\nMiscellaneous[3]\n\n3\n\n3-25\n\nRobbery\n\n4\n\n3-10\n\nTheft\n\n9\n\n1-18\n\nChart C: Felony Crime Convictions of Individuals Who Were Granted Restoration of Firearm Privileges During the Period March 1994 to March 1995\n\nFelony Crime[4]\n\nNumber of Convictions\n\nAssault\n\n7\n\nBurglary\n\n40\n\nDrugs\n– Import\n– Possession\n– Sale or Distribution\n\n82\n3\n48\n31\n\nEmbezzlement\n\n2\n\nEscape\n\n6\n\nFirearms/Weapons\n– Attempted Criminal Possession of a Weapon\n– Carrying a Concealed Weapon/Firearm\n– Carrying a Loaded Firearm in a Public Place\n– Conspiracy to Transfer Unregistered Machine Guns\n– Illegal Transfer of Machine Gun\n– Possession of 22 Caliber Silencer Not Registered to\nPossessor\n– Possession of 22 Caliber Silencer Which Did Not Bear\na Serial Registration Number\n– Possession of a Firearm by a Convicted Felon\n– Possession of a Sawed-Off Shotgun\n– Possession of Unregistered Machine Gun\n– Unlawful Possession of a Pistol\n\nOf the 183 convicted felons who had their firearm privileges restored between March 1994 and March 1995, 29 felons went on to obtain concealed carry licenses. ", "As of September 1995 another six had applications pending. ", "For example:\n\nCharles Wesley Parrot was convicted in September 1958 of assault and battery of a high and aggravated nature. ", "He was sentenced to serve three years in a state penitentiary. ", "His sentence was suspended after 18 months and he was placed on three years probation. ", "In March 1983 Mr. Parrot was convicted of unlawful possession of a pistol. ", "He was sentenced to serve two years in the state penitentiary. ", "After nine months his sentence was suspended and he was placed on probation for 18 months and fined $512.25. ", "He was granted a full pardon in the state of South Carolina in January 1989. ", "On March 15, 1995 Charles Wesley Parrot was granted the specific authority to own, possess, and use firearms by the state of Florida’s Office of Executive Clemency. ", "Mr. Parrot has subsequently applied for, and obtained, a license to carry a concealed firearm.", "\n\nSection III: Concealed Carry License Holders Do Commit Crimes\n\nLaw-abiding citizens who pay the fee, undergo background checks, take the training classes or prove their proficiency—decent folks who believe they have the fundamental right to protect themselves and their loved ones from deadly attack—these citizens don’t commit violent crimes.", "\nNRA Institute for Legislative Action Executive Director Tanya Metaksa\n\nSince the law’s enactment, the Division of Licensing has revoked the licenses of 292 individuals convicted of a crime after licensure. ", "For these 292 cases, the VPC obtained the records for the 14 revocations (please see Chart D) where public hearings were conducted. (", "More detailed descriptions of some of the incidents detailed in Chart D are offered in Section III of the full study.)", "\n\nSection IV: When Is A Criminal Not A Criminal\n\nA major loophole in the Florida law is the way it defines a “criminal” for the purpose of denying a concealed carry license. ", "The statute sets up a hierarchy of offenses, each of which is treated differently. ", "The end result is a system that judges eligibility for a license based not on the severity of the crime committed, but rather on the technical disposition of the charge. ", "Moreover, no matter what crime an applicant may have committed, or how that crime is disposed of by the criminal justice system, there is an avenue available to virtually every applicant to attempt to obtain a concealed carry license.", "\n\nPersons convicted of a felony are generally ineligible to receive a concealed carry license. ", "However, felons convicted under state law may apply through the Office of Executive Clemency for restoration of their firearm privileges. ", "Many individuals convicted of serious felonies have used the clemency process to obtain a concealed carry permit.", "\n\nPersons with adjudication withheld on a felony are eligible to apply for a concealed carry license once three years have elapsed since probation or any other conditions set by the court have been met.", "\n\nPersons convicted of a violent misdemeanor are eligible to apply for a concealed carry license once three years have elapsed since probation or any other conditions set by the court have been met.", "\n\nPersons with adjudication withheld on a violent misdemeanor are eligible to receive a concealed carry license through the normal licensing process.", "\n\nPersons convicted of, or who have had adjudication withheld on, a non-violent misdemeanor are eligible to receive a concealed carry license through the normal licensing process.", "\n\nThe Florida legislation makes keeping licenses out of the hands of criminals virtually impossible. ", "The NRA’s “model” concealed carry legislation creates incentives for individuals to plea bargain and rewards those who do so. ", "This is an ironic aspect of the law in light of the fact that the NRA has repeatedly and vehemently condemned plea bargaining. ", "In April 1989 James Jay Baker, former executive director of the NRA Institute for Legislative Action, testified before a subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary on the “Semiautomatic Assault Weapons Act of 1989.” ", "Baker’s testimony is typical of the NRA’s attacks on plea bargaining. ", "Baker cited the practice as the true villain in Patrick Purdy’s 1989 fatal assault-weapon attack on a playground-full of schoolchildren in Stockton, California, stating that Purdy:\n\nhad been arrested for the crimes of drug possession, solicitation of sex, illegal possession of dangerous weapons, receipt of stolen property, attempted robbery, criminal conspiracy, firing a pistol in a national forest, and resisting arrest. ", "His plea bargains on some of these charges resulted in misdemeanor convictions only, not the felonies with which he was charged and should have been prosecuted. ", "His last contact with the criminal justice system resulted in probation, even though his own probation report described him as a danger to himself and others. ", "Because of the repeated failures of the criminal justice system, Purdy’s lack of a felony record meant he could and did comply with and pass the 15-day waiting period and police background check required under California law to purchase five pistols. ", "It was criminal justice that failed those five schoolchildren, and resulted in the tragic incident in Stockton, California.", "\n\nAs noted by Baker, Purdy had never been convicted of a felony. ", "Under the NRA’s “model” law in Florida, Patrick Purdy’s criminal history would not have prevented him from eventually obtaining a concealed carry license.", "\n\nSection V: Conclusion\n\nSince 1987 the NRA has successfully conducted a state-by-state campaign to loosen concealed weapons laws, holding up the Florida statute as themodel of how such laws work. ", "Florida’s concealed carry law is in fact an example—one not to be followed.", "\n\nCareful evaluation of the Florida concealed weapons law demonstrates that such statutes increase the availability of guns to individuals with criminal records and do not result in any significant benefit to society. ", "Also, although the Florida system is designed to be self-financed, it produces ancillary costs that burden the state’s budget as well as those of other states. ", "In light of these findings, the Violence Policy Center recommends strongly against the adoption of “shall-issue” licensing in any more states and urges that states that currently have “shall-issue” licensing repeal such laws. ", "Short of this, the Violence Policy Center offers the following recommendations to address the loopholes in the Florida statute or similar laws.", "\n\nThe list of disqualifying crimes should be comprehensive enough to capture all potentially dangerous applicants. ", "At a minimum, all felonies and clearly defined violent misdemeanors should be automatic disqualifiers.", "\n\nThe licensing authority must be granted sufficient time to perform an adequate background check based on the actual time it takes a state to respond to requests for information on an applicant’s criminal record. ", "The law should also stipulate a suspension of that time limit in cases where the department receives criminal history information with no final disposition of a crime.", "\n\nApplicants who misrepresent their criminal histories or any other material facts should be prosecuted and prohibited from reapplying for a concealed carry license.", "\n\nStates with clemency programs similar to Florida’s should eliminate the ability of felons to regain their firearm privileges. ", "Clemency should not be employed as a mechanism for felons to obtain a concealed carry license.", "\n\nA criminal record attributable to a plea bargain or “adjudication withheld” should not be distinguished for licensing purposes from a conviction and should provide grounds for disqualification from licensure.", "\n\nThe process for revoking licenses of persons found to have criminal records and of those who commit crimes subsequent to licensure should be streamlined.", "\n\nLicense fees should be set at a level that ensures that applicants bear all costs of license issuance including background checks performed by out-of-state law enforcement agencies.", "\n\nAn evaluation mechanism must be established to closely examine the effects of the licensing system. ", "The mechanism should identify and track all denials, revocations, and suspensions. ", "In addition, a system for identifying all uses of licensed weapons should be established. ", "Such a mechanism is essential in evaluating the effect of concealed carry laws on public and personal safety.", "\n\nEndnotes\n\nThe Violence Policy Center requested revocation files from the Florida Department of State, Division of Licensing for the period October 1987 to May 1995. ", "Criminal history information was removed on almost all the files to comply with the Hser Agreement with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement and 28 CFR 20. ", "The 63 cases analyzed in this chart are those cases which involved public hearings.", "\n\nThis classification quantifies the time in number of months between the date the license was issued to the date an administrative complaint was sent by the Division of Licensing to revoke the license. ", "In order to calculate the “Duration of License in Months” the following standard was established. ", "If a person received the license before the 15th day of the month a full month was counted. ", "Also, if an administrative complaint was sent to revoke a license on or after the 15th day of the month a full month was counted. ", "For crime categories in which there was more than one case, a range from the shortest duration of license to the longest duration of license was noted.", "\n\nThe Violence Policy Center requested revocation files from the Florida Department of State, Division of Licensing for the period October 1987 to May 1995. ", "Criminal history information was removed on almost all the files to comply with the User Agreement with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement and Section 28 CFR 20 (Federal Code). ", "Criminal history utilized at public hearings was included. ", "The 14 cases analyzed in this chart are those cases which involved public hearings.", "\n\nFor a copy of the full 47-page study, please send a check or money order for $10.00 to:\n\nThe study from which this executive summary is taken, Concealed Carry: The Criminal’s Companion, was authored by Susan Glick, MHS. ", "Research Assistance was provided by Caroline Bar, Janet Corry, Theresa Kim, Kristen Rand, and Kyla Weisman. ", "The study was edited by Paul Lavrakas. ", "Additional editing was provided by Josh Sugarmann and Kristen Rand.", "\n\nThe Violence Policy Center is a national non-profit educational foundation that conducts research on violence in America and works to develop violence-reduction policies and proposals. ", "The Center examines the role of firearms in America, conducts research on firearms violence, and explores new ways to decrease firearm-related death and injury.", "\n\nThe Violence Policy Center is a national tax-exempt educational organization working for a safer America through research, investigation, analysis, and advocacy. ", "The VPC provides information to policymakers, journalists, organizations, advocates, and the general public. ", "Click here to learn more." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006795141962356865, 0.0005497830570675433, 0.0005655416753143072, 0.0006282140384428203, 0.0007609174936078489, 0.0006431343499571085, 0.0006261219386942685, 0.0011767951073125005, 0.0008774908492341638, 0.0006377918180078268, 0.0007013591821305454, 0.0017052687471732497, 0.0005901633994653821, 0.00150591554120183, 0.0005836780765093863, 0.001067346427589655, 0.0008249568054452538, 0.0006475556292571127, 0.0006283715483732522, 0.000759247865062207, 0.0006388156907632947, 0.000934656651224941, 0.003113039769232273, 0.0005378369241952896, 0.0006581640336662531, 0.0006333559867925942, 0.0013673427747562528, 0.0008878983790054917, 0.0008954036165960133, 0.000722165685147047, 0.0006571906269527972, 0.0017249730881303549, 0.0006420582649298012, 0.0005823888932354748, 0.0005737664760090411, 0.003302149008959532, 0.0008392035961151123, 0.0009140744223259389, 0.0005770708085037768, 0.0006237449706532061, 0.0005432024481706321, 0.0010104125831276178, 0.0006288808071985841, 0.0005941565032117069, 0.0006317436345852911, 0.0005616066628135741, 0.0006902512977831066, 0.0005983553710393608, 0.001061157789081335, 0.0006943392218090594, 0.0006185686797834933, 0.0006149151595309377, 0.000655628798995167, 0.0005522317951545119, 0.0005516957025974989, 0.0007505624671466649, 0.0012756681535393, 0.0006134652066975832, 0.0005418261862359941, 0.0005512333591468632, 0.0009120070026256144, 0.0007901267963461578, 0.0006617535836994648, 0.0006282679387368262, 0.0007940789801068604, 0.0008688195957802236, 0.0006994601571932435, 0.0011329737026244402, 0.001246902858838439, 0.0016352774109691381, 0.0024084351025521755, 0.00659156683832407, 0.0015580091858282685, 0.0005521874991245568, 0.00707221869379282, 0.0005856331554241478, 0.0007287230691872537, 0.006561778020113707, 0.004804918542504311, 0.004476828034967184, 0.003989164251834154, 0.0014906269498169422, 0.0006775502697564662, 0.0008042000699788332, 0.0006912851822562516, 0.001462650252506137, 0.0005975412204861641, 0.0005319176707416773, 0.0005492210038937628, 0.0009243385284207761, 0.0006579630426131189, 0.0006502991891466081, 0.0006691269227303565, 0.0021305305417627096, 0.0007366380305029452, 0.0008936338126659393, 0.0012514860136434436, 0.0017241521272808313, 0.0010038634063676, 0.0010367975337430835, 0.0008768873522058129, 0.0006469408981502056, 0.0006127802771516144, 0.0005942083080299199, 0.0011069719912484288, 0.004627732094377279, 0.004293250385671854, 0.0011602041777223349, 0.0008831300656311214, 0.0016569304279983044, 0.0019811266101896763, 0.000915873795747757, 0.0006535623106174171, 0.0011623114114627242, 0.0006108140805736184, 0.0007140330853872001, 0.0005902269622310996, 0.0005685845972038805, 0.0006411810754798353, 0.007184517104178667, 0.0005926749436184764, 0.0006438810378313065, 0.005738239269703627, 0.0025495828595012426, 0.00826089084148407, 0.0010249990737065673, 0.0006896647973917425, 0.0005845351261086762, 0.0005200808518566191, 0.000657467870041728, 0.0005873683257959783, 0.000701325130648911, 0.0005823108367621899, 0.0006024893373250961, 0.0005980073474347591, 0.0006412605289369822, 0.0005636471323668957, 0.0006390820490196347, 0.0006888597854413092, 0.0005815190961584449, 0.0005859279772266746, 0.0005820076330564916, 0.000579232641030103, 0.0005986171890981495, 0.000685258477460593, 0.0006270879530347884, 0.000632414361461997, 0.0006263720570132136, 0.0007370758103206754, 0.000646117958240211, 0.0006449718493968248, 0.0005758930929005146, 0.0006643276428803802 ]

[ "Reduced glucocorticoid receptor expression and function in airway neutrophils.", "\nChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a glucocorticoid resistant condition characterised by airway neutrophilia. ", "Reduced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in COPD airway neutrophils may be a mechanism that contributes to glucocorticoid resistance. ", "Our objective was to investigate the expression and function of GR within COPD airway neutrophils. ", "Dual-label immunofluorescence was used to analyse airway neutrophil expression of GR within peripheral lung tissue samples (11 COPD patients, 7 healthy non-smokers [NS]) and induced sputum (7 COPD patients, 7 NS). ", "TNFα and CXCL8 release were measured in neutrophils isolated from induced sputum and peripheral blood (7 COPD patients) in the presence of dexamethasone. ", "In lung tissue, GR was abundantly expressed in macrophages and lymphocytes, but very low expression was observed in neutrophils (means 6.8% and 4.3% in COPD patients and NS respectively). ", "Similarly low expression was observed in sputum neutrophils (means 3.8% and 6.9% in COPD patients and NS respectively). ", "In contrast, GR was expressed by 100% of blood neutrophils. ", "Dexamethasone had less suppressive effect on TNFα and CXCL8 production in vitro by neutrophils from induced sputum compared to neutrophils from paired blood samples. ", "Airway neutrophils have low expression of GR in both COPD patients and controls. ", "The effects of glucocorticoids on cytokine production from airway neutrophils are reduced. ", "Increased numbers of airway neutrophils lacking GR may contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in COPD patients." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.006666151806712151, 0.006117630284279585, 0.0019004669738933444, 0.0011357712792232633, 0.004211686551570892, 0.002613850636407733, 0.0009333817870356143, 0.0030207671225070953, 0.013568216934800148, 0.002772523555904627, 0.0013517020270228386, 0.0032264934852719307, 0.0029814052395522594 ]

[ "According to archaeologists, humans who lived during the Stone Age presumably enjoyed same-sex sex. ", "The Kangjiashimenji Petroglyphs, a series of rock carvings found in northeast China, clearly depict bisexuality in more than 100 figures. ", "The drawings clearly show ithyphallic (an archaeological term for “erect penis”) males engaging men and women in sexual acts.", "\n\nFast forward approximately 3,000 years.", "\n\nIn a hysterical sketch written and directed by John McKeever, we’re transported to the not-no-distant past in the middle of a heated debate. ", "In the video, the male members of a caveperson community discuss their dwindling population.", "\n\nRelated: 7 Places That Love and Worship Penises\n\nThe apparent alpha male frustrates the entire group when he suggests a hypothesis to the cause of their dilemma. “", "When men are with men, and women are with women — basically when we do samesies — no people come out. ", "So we can’t do samesies for awhile,” he says.", "\n\nThe theory infuriates the cavemen, and they quickly attempt to come up with alternative solutions. ", "One young caveman suggests they, “still do samesies, but we take the people juice, and we throw it on the opposite.”", "\n\nNonetheless, the alpha male asserts his dominance saying, “You waste the people juice when you do it samesies.” ", "Clearly, man love was a big deal in caveman communities. ", "Watch the funny video below!", "\n\nH/T: NewNowNext" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0023025835398584604, 0.0006653027376160026, 0.48401302099227905, 0.0005842290702275932, 0.0009451147052459419, 0.001420442364178598, 0.16960696876049042, 0.2223261147737503, 0.0024087524507194757, 0.0028626483399420977, 0.000860071275383234, 0.0576370432972908, 0.000933797680772841, 0.0014701734762638807, 0.0009169927798211575 ]

[ "Q:\n\nFixing the decimals on y axis to 5 places\n\nI am trying to solve the following three problems\n\nDecimal Places on Y Axis (all Axis) - should be constant 5 \nDecimal Places on Tooltip - should be constant 5 \nAdding a Suffix to all points on the tooltip\n\nI need to keep the values shown on the on Y Axis fixed to 5 decimal places ( say 0.96724 or 1.55400 ) as received from the data feed.", "\nI have forked and created a new jsfiddle to highlight the problem. ", "This shows only upto two digits.", "\nFrom various examples, I tried to create a tooltip, but it did not worked.", "\nAny help or pointers would be highly appreciated. ", "Created a jsfiddle below\nRegards\nAmit\nhttp://jsfiddle.net/amonga141/tgz469a5/2/\n// Some styling options for yAxis\nHighcharts.theme = {\n yAxis: {\n gridLineWidth: 1,\n gridLineColor: \"rgb(240, 240, 240)\",\n minorGridLineColor: 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07)',\n lineColor: \"rgb(241, 141, 5)\",\n lineWidth: 1,\n tickColor: \"rgb(241, 141, 5)\",\n tickWidth: 1,\n showEmpty: false,\n labels: {\n style: {\n color: 'rgb(102, 102, 102)',\n fontWeight: 'bold'\n }\n },\n title: {\n style: {\n color: 'rgb(229, 64, 40)',\n font: \"bold 12px Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\"\n }\n }\n }\n};\n\n// Apply the styling options\nHighcharts.setOptions(Highcharts.theme);\n\nHighcharts.setOptions({\n global: {\n useUTC: false\n }\n});\n\n// Data generator helper\nfunction data(start, end, samples, min, max) {\n var temp = [];\n var range = ~~ ((end - start) / samples);\n for (var i = 1; i < samples; i++) {\n temp.push([start.getTime() + range * i, min + Math.random() * (max - min)]);\n }\n return temp;\n}\n\n// \nvar tooltipSuffix ='<br> TTIP Sufix:Suffix';\n// Create a timer\nvar now = new Date();\nvar start = new Date(now - 60000);\n\nvar example_data = [{\n name: 'Signal 1',\n data: data(start, now, 20, 1.55478, 1.55481),\n yAxis: 0\n}, {\n name: \"Signal 2\",\n data: data(start, now, 20, 1.32419, 1.13253),\n yAxis: 1\n}, {\n name: \"Signal 3\",\n data: data(start, now, 20, 0.97456, 0.97545),\n yAxis: 2\n}];\n\n//////////////////////\n// Chart definition //\n//////////////////////\nvar chart = $(\"#chart\").highcharts({\n legend: {\n enabled: true\n },\n chart: {\n animation: Highcharts.svg,\n events: {\n load: function () {\n // set up the updating of the chart each second\n var chart = this,\n series = chart.series;\n\n setInterval(function () {\n var x = new Date(); // current time\n\n series[0].addPoint(data(x, x, 2, 1.55678, 1.59133)[0], false, true);\n series[1].addPoint(data(x, x, 2, 1.33456, 1.39921)[0], false, true);\n series[2].addPoint(data(x, x, 2, 0.95989, 0.99092)[0], false, true);\n\n chart.redraw();\n }, 2000);\n }\n }\n },\n yAxis: [{\n opposite: false,\n showRects: true,\n offset: 40,\n title: {\n text: 'Scale 1'\n }\n }, {\n opposite: true,\n showRects: true,\n offset: 90,\n title: {\n text: 'Scale 2'\n }\n }, {\n opposite: false,\n showRects: true,\n offset: 140,\n title: {\n text: 'Scale 3'\n }\n }],\n xAxis: {\n type: 'datetime'\n },\n// tooltip: {\n// xDateFormat: '%A, %b %e, %H:%M:%S', // Shows only [Day, Mon dd, hh:mi:ss]\n// shared: true,\n// pointFormat: ' <span style=\"color:{series.color}\">{series.name}</span>: <b>{point.y}</b> <br/>'+tooltipSuffix,\n// valueDecimals: 5,\n// crosshairs: true\n// } ,\n series: example_data\n});\n\n<div id=\"chart\"></div>\n\nA:\n\nSee Working fiddle with your code here\nFor labels use following in your options of yAxis.", "\n labels: {\n format: '{value:.5f}',\n }\n\nfor tooltip see the formatter function below\n tooltip: { \n shared: true,\n pointFormat: ' <span style=\"color:{series.color}\">{series.name}</span>: <b>{point.y:.5f}</b>'+tooltipSuffix+' <br/>',\n\n }\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.0006642953376285732, 0.0008063498535193503, 0.0005993687664158642, 0.0006077804137021303, 0.0005135196843184531, 0.0007708967896178365, 0.0006354800425469875 ]

[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\n[The starting point of the present invention is represented by an arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1. ", "Such an arrangement is described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,212,304.] ", "The invention relates to an arrangement for the insertion of a ureter tube into the ureter or renal pelvis comprising a ureter tube, an auxiliary tube and a movable mandrin.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nAn arrangement comprising a ureter tube, an auxiliary tube and a mandrin is described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,212,304.", "\nWith such an arrangement, it is possible to insert the ureter tube into the ureter with the aid of a massive mandrin. ", "After removal of the massive mandrin the arrangement remains in the ureter because of an inherent curvature in the form of a hook at both ends (also called \"memory\") at the renal pelvis and the inner wall of the bladder. ", "However, the introduction of an X-ray contrast [media] medium into the ureter was not possible. ", "The necessary X-ray contrast media had to be introduced first into the ureter by separate measures before the ureter tube could be introduced. ", "Such a procedure of introducing an arrangement twice is time-consuming for the physician and troublesome for the patient.", "\nIt is an object of this invention to improve the arrangement as described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,212,304 in such a way that the introduction of an X-ray contrast [media] medium can be carried out faster and simpler for the patient and by requiring less actions by the physician.", "\n[It has been found that starting with the arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1, such an object can be achieved by using] It has been found that such an improved arrangement for the insertion of a ureter tube into the ureter or renal pelvis comprising a ureter tube, an auxiliary tube and a mandrin, each having an upper or distal and a lower or proximal end and a mandrin, which mandrin is movable in longitudinal direction relative to the ureter tube and the auxiliary tube, and the auxiliary tube and the ureter tube are slidable over the mandrin, can be achieved if the mandrin of the arrangement is a hollow mandrin, in which the cross-section of the hollow space inside of the mandrin is open for the injection of an X-ray medium, the hollow space inside of the mandrin has in the section of its upper (distal) tip at least one outlet opening for the passage of an X-ray contrast medium which outlet opening has an entry to the ureter, and if the hollow space inside of the mandrin has at its other (proximal) end, projecting from the auxiliary tube, a connecting-piece or opening for the introduction of the X-ray contrast medium, and if the ureter tube has a front-side opening at its upper (distal) tip. ", "In the arrangement, it is of advantage to use a hollow single mandrin, i.e. a mandrin with a hollow space inside of it. ", "The cross-section of the hollow space inside of the mandrin is, throughout its length, [always] open for the injection of X-ray contrast media, and has in the area of its upper (distal) tip or end at least one opening or outlet for the passage of X-ray contrast media. ", "The opening - preferably by a front-face opening of the tip of the ureter tube - has an entry to the ureter. ", "The hollow space inside of the mandrin has, at its other (proximal) end, [a connection or opening for introducing an X-ray contrast media (claim 1) projecting over the auxiliary tube.] ", "projecting over the auxiliary tube, a connecting-piece or opening for introducing an X-ray contrast medium. ", "The hollow space inside the mandrin provides a sufficiently large through hole for the passage of an X-ray contrast media. ", "A physician can permanently introduce an X-ray contrast media into the ureter during the insertion of the ureter tube, auxiliary tube and the single hollow mandrin which stiffens the ureter tube. ", "The position of the ureter tube and in particular of its distal tip can be controlled via X-ray radioscopy during the insertion procedure. ", "The advantages for both the physician and the patient are the shortening of the insertion procedure as well as a lower number of manipulations that are endured by the patient.", "\nA [proximal] distal opening of the tip of the ureter tube is described in the German Utility Model 9,0 15,815. ", "This [proximal] distal opening is described only in connection with, inter alia, a double mandrin. [", "The present invention, on the other hand, concerns a single mandrin as claimed in claim 1.]", "\n[Furthermore, the invention starts from an arrangement as given in the preamble of claim 2 which is particularly suitable for the insertion of the ureter tube and its execution by the physician. ", "Such an arrangement is described with a double mandrin in German Utility Model 90 15,815.] ", "In an embodiment of the described arrangement, it is possible to inject X-ray contrast [media] medium through the inner hollow-cylindrical cavity of the outer mandrin and the central opening at the [face] front-side of the upper (distal) tip of the ureter tube into the ureter, after pulling out the inner mandrin, whereby an X-ray contrast [media] medium can reach the renal pelvis.", "\nHere and in the following description, the term upper tip of the ureter tube shall refer to the [proximal] distal end of the ureter tube which is inserted into the ureter. ", "The term tip of the mandrin resp. ", "inner mandrin shall refer to the [proximal] distal end of the mandrin resp. ", "inner mandrin which is directed toward the patient.", "\nThough the [described] arrangement described in German Utility Model 90 15 815 represented an essential improvement of the then existing prior art, e.g. as described in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,212,304, it had a disadvantage in that the physician has to pull out the inner mandrin from the ureter tube respectively the outer mandrin first before an X-ray contrast [media] medium could be introduced, and then has to reinsert the inner mandrin again into the outer mandrin in order to stiffen and to straighten the inherent curvature of the tip of the ureter tube. ", "These are two time-wasting steps for the physician which risks the danger of an undesired migration of the position of the ureter tube, as well as incurring unpleasant and time-consuming manipulations for the patient.", "\nAs alternative embodiment, German Utility Model 9,015,815 discloses enlarging the lumen, i.e. the cylindrical space between the inner mandrin and the outer mandrin, to such a degree, that when the inner mandrin is not pulled out, the X-ray contrast [media] medium can be introduced via the enlarged lumen and via the central side opening of the tip of the ureter tube into the ureter or into the renal pelvis. ", "This alternative embodiment, however, has a disadvantage in that the production costs of such equipment increases due to the necessity of a reproducible and reliable precision of manufacturing a lumen of such dimensions. ", "A further disadvantage is that there is not much room, with respect to the cross-section difference, for the lumen to allow the flow of an X-ray contrast media. ", "Hence, the X-ray contrast media must be injected with very high pressure. ", "This is so because the outer diameter of the ureter tube must not exceed a certain size.", "\n[According to the preamble of claim 2,] In one embodiment of an arrangement according to this invention a double mandrin with an outer mandrin and a hollow inner mandrin can be used. ", "The inner mandrin is movable in longitudinal direction relative to the outer mandrin and the ureter tube and auxiliary tube are slidable over the double mandrin. ", "The hollow space inside of the inner mandrin has in the section of its upper (distal) tip at least one upper outlet opening for the passage of X-ray contrast medium and at its other (proximal) end a connecting-piece or opening for the introduction of the contrast medium. ", "The outlet openings have an entry tg the ureter which can be direct or via the front-side or front-face opening of the upper (distal) tip of the ureter tube. ", "In one embodiment of this invention the upper (distal) outlet opening (23;9) of the mandrin (21) or inner mandrin (4) is formed by the upper (distal) tip (22;4b) of the mandrin and is in the insertion position flush to or slightly below the front-side opening (11) of the upper (distal) tip of the ureter tube. ", "Mandrin and inner mandrin of the arrangement are preferably a metal tube or plastic tube. ", "In a preferred arrangement of this invention, the ureter tube and mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin are in a configuration for insertion in that they are releasably but firmly connected. ", "They can be clamped together in the (proximal) end section of the [auxiliary] ureter tube. ", "The term \"insertion position\" [in the preamble of claim 2] shall mean the configuration of the ureter tube, mandrin and auxiliary tube relative to each other during the insertion of the total arrangement into the ureter and also during the introduction of an X-ray contrast media. ", "Such a releasable connection between the mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin and ureter tube is described in the German Patent Application DE-OS 3,900,738 filed by the Applicant. ", "After additional use of a clamping connection for the mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin at the (proximal) end section of the auxiliary tube, the ureter tube, the mandrin resp. ", "double mandrin and the auxiliary tube form a functional unit. ", "For facilitating the insertion the functional unit allows forward, backward and rotational movements of the ureter tube and of the curvatures of the tip of the ureter tube and allows after proper positioning of the ureter tube an easy removal of the mandrin and auxiliary tube. ", "The disclosure of German Patent Application DE-OS 3,900,738 is incorporated herewith by reference, in particular with respect to the therein described different possibilities for a releasable connection between ureter tube and mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin like the clamping by means of a thickening of the mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin which increase the diameter (there claims 4, 5 and 6 and FIGS. ", "2, 3 and 4), or of the ureter tube (there claims 1 and 2 and FIG. ", "1) or by using an insert between the mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin and the ureter tube (there claim 8 and FIGS. ", "7 and 8) in such a way that when setting the arrangement in the insertion configuration, the ureter tube and the mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin are connected by clamping. ", "The clamping or friction between mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin and ureter tube can be released by pulling the mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin in a longitudinal direction while at the same time the auxiliary tube avoids movement of the ureter tube. ", "The mentioned friction can be increased by roughening the surfaces or providing them with grooves. ", "A releasable connection between mandrin resp. ", "outer mandrin and ureter tube is also possible by the use of a releasable screwing as described in the German Patent Application DE-OS 3,824,244 the disclosure whereof is also incorporated herewith by reference. ", "The releasable screwing gives a functional unit of the two parts allowing said rotational, forward and backward movements of the arrangement.", "\nIt is a further object to improve the [arrangement of the preamble of claim 2] known arrangements for the insertion of a ureter tube in such a way that more functions are given to the mandrin, in particular to use it for a simpler and less expensive introduction of X-ray contrast media.", "\nThese further objects can be achieved by an arrangement [according to claim 2] comprising ureter tube, auxiliary tube and mandrin like a double mandrin and having the above described characteristics of the arrangement according to this invention. ", "The cylindrical hollow-space inside of the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin forms a passage for an X-ray contrast medium from the inlet opening of the mandrin, positioned outside of the body, to the ureter. ", "This results in some advantages. ", "The cylindrical hollow-space inside of the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin has a relatively large cross-section and thereby enables the fast passage of a sufficient amount of X-ray contrast medium to the ureter respectively to the renal pelvis under relatively low pressures. ", "There is no need to pull out the inner mandrin from the ureter tube for the transport of an X-ray contrast medium to the ureter, the inner mandrin can stay in its insertion position. ", "Hence, the surgeon saves valuable time. ", "Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, it is possible to move the arrangement of ureter tube, mandrin and auxiliary tube and to bring the tip of the ureter tube into the final position in the renal pelvis during the introduction of an X-ray contrast media to the ureter. ", "If necessary, there is also the possibility to move the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin relative to the ureter tube. ", "By pulling back the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin, the inherent curvature of the tip of the ureter tube will be no more straightened, thereby allowing the curvature of the tip of the ureter tube to adapt, if necessary, to the curvature of the ureter. ", "Other advantage are very important for the physician because the ureter and the renal pelvis can be examined and the ureter tube can simultaneously be moved. ", "This is especially important for the proper positioning of the curved tip of the ureter tube within the renal pelvis.", "\n[The preferred embodiment of the invention given in claim 3 allows] In a preferred embodiment of this invention where the upper (distal) outlet opening (23,9) of the mandrin (21) or inner mandrin (4) is formed by the distal tip (22;4b) of the mandrin (21) or inner mandrin (4) and where in the insertion position the opening is flush to or slightly below the front-side opening (11) of the upper (distal) tip (12) of the ureter tube, the hollow-space (10) of the ureter tube forms a passage of the X-ray contrast medium from the outlet opening (23;9) of the tip (22) of the mandrin or of the tip of the inner mandrin (4b) to the opening (11) of the tip (12) of the ureter tube. ", "Such arrangement allows an optimal straight-line flow of an X-ray contrast medium from the inlet of the medium to the ureter.", "\n[An alternative embodiment of the invention, according to claims 4, 5 and 6, show further possibilities of the position of the upper outlet opening or openings.]", "\n[The embodiment of the invention according to claim 7 offers the further] In another embodiment of the invention the inner mandrin (4) or mandrin (21) projects above the front-side opening of the upper (distal) tip of the ureter tube in the insertion position and has in such upper (distal) end of the mandrin or inner mandrin an inherent curvature or memory. ", "Such arrangement has a steering wire (18) in the hollow-space (8) inside of the inner mandrin (4) or mandrin (21) which is essentially stiff against bending and movable in the longitudinal direction. ", "Preferably the upper (distal) tip of the inner mandrin can be closed against passage of the steering wire and against passage of the X-ray contrast medium. ", "It is an advantage to provide also the upper section of the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin with an inherent curvature, sometimes also called \"memory\". ", "Such an inherent curvature is in particular known for the tip of the ureter tube where the curvature can be straightened by use of the mandrin during the insertion of the ureter tube. ", "After having reached the final position, in which the upper tip of the ureter tube is in the renal pelvis and its lower tip is in the bladder, the mandrin is pulled out. ", "The tips of the ureter tube then take the shape of its inherent curvature which keep themselves at the inner wall of the bladder or in the renal pelvis thereby avoiding migration. ", "A similar inherent curvature in the tip area of the mandrin, which essentially surpasses the tip of the ureter tube, is possible too. ", "Here it is an advantage that a special steering wire of the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin compensates the inherent curvature and thus effects a straightening of the tip of the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin. ", "Such tip of the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin which surpasses the tip of the ureter tube can have a variable inherent curvature and can easily bypass obstructions, pass narrow passages and follow twisty courses of the ureter and make its way to the renal pelvis much easier than the thicker tip of the ureter tube. ", "The ureter tube being thicker than the inner mandrin resp. ", "mandrin can then follow the prepared way.", "\nFurther advantages and characteristics of the present invention can be seen in or easily derived from [the claims, from] the following description and from the drawings relating thereto." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0009392039501108229, 0.0006511083920486271, 0.0008505430305376649, 0.0013787426287308335, 0.0008381382212974131, 0.0009864879539236426, 0.0011860732920467854, 0.001089853118173778, 0.0013787426287308335, 0.0009393520304001868, 0.0015234816819429398, 0.0008860720554366708, 0.0006293539190664887, 0.0006640788051299751, 0.0006900585722178221, 0.0006981019978411496, 0.0013787426287308335, 0.0006418921984732151, 0.0006528899539262056, 0.0006971847615204751, 0.0005886427243240178, 0.0009689332218840718, 0.0005985276075080037, 0.0006779164541512728, 0.0006500753806903958, 0.001146992901340127, 0.0006306986324489117, 0.0006360429688356817, 0.0007200392428785563, 0.0006684701074846089, 0.0006369043258018792, 0.0006062854663468897, 0.0006201210781000555, 0.0007120126392692327, 0.002219576621428132, 0.0007056912872940302, 0.0006682443199679255, 0.0009932630928233266, 0.00062812544638291, 0.0013787426287308335, 0.0009073758847080171, 0.008775051683187485, 0.005495953373610973, 0.001201082719489932, 0.0025998037308454514, 0.0006515339482575655, 0.0008798862108960748, 0.0007791823009029031, 0.0008781006326898932, 0.0006187361432239413, 0.0009271923336200416, 0.0007561406237073243, 0.0007543776300735772, 0.0006443706224672496, 0.0008375435718335211, 0.0006542204064317048, 0.0006189207197166979, 0.0009090070961974561, 0.0006546532968059182, 0.0006854583625681698, 0.000747575075365603, 0.0007202574633993208, 0.0007239983533509076, 0.0005899466341361403, 0.0020347200334072113, 0.0006153967697173357, 0.0008350548450835049, 0.0007507072878070176, 0.0007661150302737951, 0.0006646027904935181, 0.0016050433041527867, 0.000684392056427896, 0.004090897273272276, 0.0006869196076877415, 0.0005347371916286647, 0.0007143336115404963, 0.0007497507613152266, 0.0007590660243295133, 0.0006467131315730512, 0.0006732348119840026, 0.0006954066921025515, 0.0007410901598632336, 0.0006094164564274251, 0.0006954066921025515, 0.000669244269374758, 0.0008884328417479992, 0.000585996953304857, 0.0006604855298064649, 0.0006116926087997854, 0.0017723459750413895, 0.0008434062474407256, 0.0006463147583417594, 0.0031199611257761717, 0.0040254308842122555, 0.0007319601718336344, 0.0005965567543171346, 0.0005556530668400228, 0.0006787154707126319, 0.0006331161130219698, 0.0007309222128242254, 0.0006438242853619158, 0.0006162766367197037, 0.000715472677256912, 0.004679158795624971, 0.0008191503584384918, 0.0006570177501998842, 0.0006512943073175848, 0.0006150100962258875, 0.0009790656622499228, 0.001229712157510221, 0.0010195212671533227, 0.0009802412241697311, 0.0006224120734259486, 0.0005352316075004637 ]

[ "Ardatovo\n\nArdatovo () is the name of several rural localities in Russia.", "\n\nModern localities\nArdatovo, Republic of Bashkortostan, a village in Maksyutovsky Selsoviet of Kugarchinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan\nArdatovo, Republic of Mordovia, a selo in Ardatovsky Selsoviet of Dubyonsky District of the Republic of Mordovia\n\nHistorical names\nArdatovo, former name of the town of Ardatov in Ardatovsky District of the Republic of Mordovia" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.000756062800064683, 0.0010520943906158209 ]

[ "Laker Lines for Students, Monday, Jan. 7, 2013\n\nThis Week\n\nClayton State Gospel Choir: Appointed Generation Event, Meeting, Jan. 8\nIf you are interested in being a part of Clayton State’s Gospel Choir, come out to rehearsals which will be every Tuesday, starting Jan. 8, at 8 p.m. in room UC 327 of the James M. Baker University Center.", "\nFor more information, contact Christian Smith at csmith105@student.clayton.edu.", "\nSBDC Starting a Business Workshop, Jan. 11 at Clayton State – Fayette\nThe first installment of the Clayton State Small Business Development Center’s (SBDC) popular “Starting a Business” workshop for 2013 will be held on Friday, Jan. 11, from 9 a.m. to noon at the University’s Clayton State – Fayette instructional site, 100 World Dr., Ste. ", "100, Peachtree City, Ga.\nPowerPoint handouts and a book, “How to Start a Business: A Guide for Georgia Entrepreneurs” are provided as part of the $69 registration fee.", "\nTo register, go to: http://www.georgiasbdc.org. ", "or call (678) 466-5100.", "\nCurrent Clayton State students and staff receive a 50 percent discount if they contact SBDC’s Heather Chaney at (678) 466-5100 for the discount code.", "\nBasketball Doubleheader, Jan. 12\nThe Lakers will take on North Georgia in a Peach Belt basketball doubleheader on Saturday, Jan. 12 in the Athletics & Fitness Center. ", "The women’s game starts at 5:30 p.m., followed by the men’s game around 7:30 p.m.\nFirst Lego League Super Regional Qualifier, Jan. 12\nClayton State, specifically the College of Information and Mathematical Sciences, will once again be hosting the First Lego League Super Regional Qualifier.", "\nThe event will be held on Saturday, Jan. 12, 2013, in the Baker Center (largely on Main Street and the Commons Area) from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. CIMS’ Jay Terry is heading up the organization of the event. ", "For details will be forthcoming.", "\n\nAnnouncements\n\nClass Attendance During First Two Weeks of Semester\nHappy New Year, and welcome to a new semester at Clayton State University! ", "As you know, weekend classes began Saturday, Jan. 5, and weekday classes begin today, Monday, Jan. 7. ", "We want you to have a successful start of the spring semester, and we know this is also important to you!", "\nTherefore, it is imperative that you attend class during the first week and no later than the second week of the semester. ", "A registered student who does not attend at least one class session in each course by Thursday, Jan. 17 is a “no show.” ", "If you are enrolled in an online course, the instructor will provide details on how online attendance will be verified.", "\nRegistration will be cancelled for any course in which a student is submitted to the Registrar’s Office as a “no show.” ", "The “no show” student will not be charged tuition for the cancelled course. ", "However, there may be serious financial aid consequences for students who are receiving financial aid, since this will reduce the number of enrolled credit hours. ", "The complete No Show Policy including the appeal process is available at http://www.clayton.edu/registrar/noshowpolicy.", "\nSpring 2013 Enrollment Reminder Dates\nJanuary 3 Registration for TAP Students and Senior Citizens\nJanuary 5 First Day of Weekend Classes\nJanuary 7 First Day of Weekday Classes\nJanuary 7-10 Drop/Add and Late Registration ($100 late fee if not already registered)\nJanuary 10 Final Tuition/Fee Payment Deadline\nJanuary 17 No Show Deadline – must attend class by this date\nJanuary 21 Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday (No Classes)\nThe complete spring 2013 academic calendar is available at http://www.clayton.edu/calendar.", "\nStudy Abroad Sign Ups\nTime is running out for students to sign up for 2013 Maymester and Summer semester study abroad programs.", "\nStudents should consider the applicable deadlines in making their decisions; most important, many students may need to sign up for the programs and make deposits while they still have available financial aid.", "\nClayton State this year is offering a broad array of Clayton State Faculty-led study abroad programs for 2013, including the following:\nCosta Rica -– “Tropical Ecology”\nFrance – “Teacher Ed. - ", "Language, Religion, and Immigration: Comparative Multiculturalism”\nHaiti – “Nursing/Service Learning Study Abroad”\nItaly – “Honors – Social Sciences” (spring break – enrollment is filled)\nJamaica – “Social Sciences and Caribbean Literature”\nMexico – Guadalajara – “Healthcare Spanish”\nPanama -- “International Business / Global Management”\nTurkey – “International Business / Global Management”\nThrough Clayton State’s participation in USG consortia (European and Asia Councils), there are also summer semester programs to Scotland (Maymester); London; Waterford, Ireland; Madrid; St. Petersburg, Russia; Berlin; Paris; China and Korea.", "\nFor additional information, please consult the Office of International Programs website http://www.clayton.edu/international-programs/home.", "\nWomen’s Forum Scholarships\nClayton State Women’s Forum is accepting applications for the organization’s annual scholarship awards. ", "Applications for the General Student Scholarship are due to the Scholarship Committee by Feb. 15. ", "For more information visit http://www.clayton.edu/womens-forum/scholarships or contact Dr. Angelyn Hayes.", "\nInformation on Clayton State’s Emergency Weather Procedures\nDuring emergency weather situations, information about Clayton State’s plans will also be available on the University’s web page (www.clayton.edu), through emails sent directly to all faculty, staff and students, on the University Relations Facebook and Twitter accounts, and through the University’s main telephone number (678) 466-4000. ", "In addition, the four major Atlanta network television stations (ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox), All-News 106.7 WYAY-FM and WSB-AM (750) radio will also be notified for their school closing announcements. ", "The current contact list for these media outlets is as follows. ", "Please advise the Office of University Relations if there are any changes in contact names/numbers and/or codes.", "\nClayton State's \"Stay Safe\" weather policy is as follows…\n\"At times of bad weather or other emergencies, University officials make decisions on whether or not to close the campus based on public safety reports and other considerations. ", "In such cases, the safety and security of the majority of students is a prime consideration. ", "If the University is closed, then classes are cancelled for all students.", "\n\"If the institution remains open, we recognize that there may be special circumstances that pertain to individual students that are more serious than those that apply to the majority. ", "So, students are advised to use their best judgment about their safety and that of their families in those situations, and to consult with individual faculty members about making up lost time.", "\n\"University closure also applies to all University faculty and staff except those designated by their supervisors as essential personnel. ", "If the institution remains open, staff should consult with their supervisor and make them aware of any individual circumstances that may exist that prevents them from reporting to duty.\"", "\nThe opening/closing policy for Clayton State – Fayette and the Academy for Advanced Studies in McDonough is as follows… basically, the rule will be, if the main campus is closed, Clayton State – Fayette will be closed and Clayton State classes in McDonough will not be held.", "\nAlso, if the Henry County schools are closed, Clayton State classes in McDonough will not be held. ", "If Clayton State is open during inclement weather, the status of Clayton State – Fayette will be determined independently.", "\nWhen in doubt, check the Clayton State website for details.", "\nDonate a Textbook, Earn Study Bucks\nThe Office of Orientation & New Student programs need your help! ", "Please consider helping other Clayton State students who might need some temporary assistance with textbooks. ", "We are collecting textbooks from core classes taught at Clayton State for the upcoming fall 2013 BookSMART program.", "\nTextbooks collected will be used to start a small book program, BookSMART (Success. ", "Motivation, Academics, Retention, Transition) in which students can visit our office and utilize the books in-house to study in our Resource Center.", "\nBookSMART will serve as a resource for students who may be experiencing temporary financial obstacles in securing core course textbooks (typically at the beginning of each semester), but desire to maintain their academic success in their courses.", "\nStudents who do not plan to sell their textbooks can drop off their books to our office, located in the Student Center, room 218. ", "Donate a book and earn Study Bucks (limited supply) for your donation!", "\nPlease make sure the book is in fair condition and can be used in core classes. ", "Please contact Darius Thomas, programs assistant, at DariusThomas@clayton.edu or (678) 466-5443.", "\nLakerCard Center Upgrades SmartPrint\nThe LakerCard Center has just completed an upgrade to our SmartPrint system to include a new server and the newest version of the software. ", "This upgrade should increase the efficiency and performance of the system. ", "We appreciate your patience while we work out the kinks in the upgraded system.", "\nAt this time, all printers and copiers should be working properly for most faculty and staff and students. ", "There may be a few exceptions to this. ", "They are as follows:\n\nSome students, who have an older version of the SmartPrint driver installed on their laptop, will be unable to print now. ", "They must uninstall the old driver and install the new driver. ", "The HUB is in the process of crafting communication to all students to let them know that they make be affected by the change and how to install the new drivers.", "\n\nDuring the upgrade, we performed a clean-up of the user database. ", "If you experience any issues using your LakerCard to copy, please contact the LakerCard Center at lakercard@clayton.edu and we will add you back to the database.", "\n\nAgain, your patience and corporation during this transition is greatly appreciated.", "\nSoftware Installation Appointments\nSoftware installation appointments are now available for spring semester. ", "Software installations and Microsoft Windows are available by appointment only during the first week of the spring semester, Jan. 7 to Jan. 11.", "\nTo access the software appointment calendar, log into the SWAN, click on the HUB's tab and look for the calendar on the left. ", "Tuition and fees must be paid. ", "Prior to making an appointment, computers must function properly to receive service. ", "Rescheduling may be necessary for computers that need repair or maintenance.", "\nWalkup installations will begin on Jan. 14.", "\nStudents who are interested in installing the software themselves can do so by using LANDesk. ", "Simply log into the SWAN, click the HUB's tab and follow the instructions in the CSU Software Portal.", "\nContinuing Education Schedules Winter Program Information Sessions\nThe Division of Continuing Education at Clayton State University has announced its schedule of Program Information Sessions for the winter of 2013.", "\nThe Information Sessions will start on Monday, Jan. 7 (Voice Over Certificate) and run through Wednesday, Mar. 27 (Professional Investigator Certificate.) ", "In the intervening 12 weeks, Clayton State will be offering certificate programs in a wide variety of fascinating professions that can make almost everyone’s dreams real, including; Event & Meeting Planning, Special Events and Program Planning, Medical Coding Specialist, Commercial and Film/TV Audition Workshop, Six Sigma, Project Management, Certified Nurse Aide, Phlebotomy Technician, Graphic Design, Animation Writing, Computer Support Technician, Professional Digital Photography, Web Design Business, Light Commercial HVAC, and Pharmacy Technician.", "\n“This is a great opportunity for potential students to come to meet instructors, hear more about the programs and plan to have success with enhanced skills, valuable certification or a new career,” says Clayton State Continuing Education Executive Director Janet Winkler.", "\nFor specific dates and times for the Information Sessions, go to http://conted.clayton.edu/ or call (678) 466-5050.", "\nShowcase Your Singing Talent: Clayton State Idol Auditions; Who’s Next?", "\nThe Office of Orientation & New Student Programs is hosting the second annual 2013 Clayton State Idol on Monday, Feb. 4, at 7 p.m. in the Student Activities Center. ", "This event kicks off the Homecoming 2013 Week.", "\nCalling all students who think they have what it takes to become the next Clayton State Idol! ", "Clayton State Idol is a singing competition and auditions will be held on Thursday, Jan. 17, from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m., and Friday, Jan. 18, from noon to 1:30 p.m. in the Student Activities Center Ballroom. ", "Contestants should be in line 30 minutes prior to the audition time on the day of auditions. ", "The top seven contestants will advance to the semi-finals round and will showcase their talent on the night of the event. ", "Monetary and gift prizes will be awarded to winner!", "\nVisit http://www.clayton.edu/orientation for more information and to download official rules and the registration form. ", "Contact: Darius Thomas, Program Assistant, at DariusThomas@clayton.edu or (678) 466-5443.", "\nSpring 2013 Intramural Sports\nDid you play sports in high school? ", "Do you miss the thrill of competition or the environment of fitness, socializing, and fun all at the same time? ", "Sign up for an intramural sport!", "\nThe Clayton State University Department of Recreation & Wellness will host three new intramural sports leagues this spring.", "\nIntramural sports are free, organized recreational sports leagues that allow both students and staff to participate. ", "This semester, there are multiple leagues available in each sport to meet the competitive and recreational needs of our intramural athletes.", "\nStarting in January, the department will be hosting 5v5 basketball, indoor soccer, and volleyball. ", "Teams may be comprised of students, faculty, and/or staff so get your friends together and sign up a team. ", "Don’t have a team? ", "Sign up as a free agent and we will assist you with finding teammates.", "\nThese leagues start the week of Jan. 21, and end on the week of Feb. 25. ", "Teams will play 1 game per week and the season will conclude with playoffs and a championship game.", "\nTeams may register for the intramural sports leagues by signing up at the SAC front desk and attending a captains meeting on Tuesday, Jan. 15.", "\nIf you have any questions or need more information about how to register, contact Christen Ruff at christenruff@clayton.edu or ext. ", "4973.", "\nLoch Shop and LakerCard Operating Hours for the Beginning of Spring 2013\nOperating hours for the Loch Shop and LakerCard Center are available at:\n- Loch Shop Hours\n- LakerCard Hours\n\nUpcoming\n\nKing’s Celebration 2013, Jan. 15 to Jan. 21\nThe Annual Dr. Martin Luther King (MLK), Jr. Celebration is a collaborative effort between the Department of Campus Life, AmeriCorps, Diversity Education Experiences for Peers (D.E.E.P.) Educators, the Tau Epsilon Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., and the Sigma Sigma Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc., to commemorate the life of Dr. King and significant events that occurred during the Civil Rights movement.", "\nJan. 15 — MLK Rally\nCampus Life, in collaboration with AmeriCorps and D.E.E.P. Educators, will sponsor a rally at Forest Park High School to educate students about Dr. King’s dream, vision, and life as well as celebrate his legacy.", "\n2 p.m. – 3 p.m., Forest Park High School\nSponsored by: AmeriCorps and D.E.E.P. Peer Educators\nJan. 15 — I Have A Dream March and Candlelight Vigil\nStudents, faculty and staff are invited to participate in the annual MLK March in honor of individuals that fought for civil rights of all mankind. ", "The MLK March procession will end at the Lawson Amphitheatre with a candlelight vigil in remembrance of Dr. King’s birthday, legacy and dream.", "\n4:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m., James M. Baker University Center Quad and Lawson Amphitheatre\nSponsored by: Campus Life, D.E.E.P. Peer Educators, and Tau Epsilon Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., Sigma Sigma Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.\nJan. 20 — King’s Sunday Supper\nInspired by the legacy of Dr. King, America's Sunday Supper invites people from diverse backgrounds to come together to share a meal, discuss issues that affect our community and highlight our shared values and strengths.", "\n4 p.m. – 6 p.m., Student Activities Center Ballroom\nSponsored by: Campus Life, Tau Epsilon Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. and Sigma Sigma Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.\nJan. 21 — MLK Day of Service and MLK March\nThe campus community will engage in a series of volunteer projects in the Atlanta area in tribute to the work and life of Dr. King. ", "Transportation will be provided for 25 participants. ", "For more information regarding registration for this event, please contact LaShanda Hardin at LaShandaHardin@clayton.edu.", "\n8 a.m. – 3 p.m., Atlanta\nSponsored by: Department of Campus Life\nRun Clayton State 5K Run/Walk, Feb. 9\nThe Clayton State Department of Athletics and the Atlanta Southside Runners, a local running club, will team up to hold the second 5K Run/Walk, “Run Clayton State.”", "\nThe race, which will take place in conjunction with Clayton State’s Homecoming festivities, will be held on Saturday, Feb. 9, and will run entirely on the University’s campus, starting and finishing in front of the Harry S. Downs Center.", "\nCheck-in for the race will begin at 7:45 a.m. in front of the Downs Center with the race beginning at 9 a.m. All runners will receive a T-shirt and age group winners will be recognized with awards. ", "A special grand prize will be awarded to the top female and male winners. ", "The race will also include admission to the Annual Alumni Breakfast, which starts at 9:30 a.m., also at the Harry S. Downs Center.", "\nIn addition, participants will receive complimentary tickets to the Saturday afternoon’s NCAA Division II women’s and men’s basketball games at Clayton State’s Athletics & Fitness Center. ", "Clayton State’s women’s team will play Montevallo at 3:30 p.m. on Saturday, followed by the men’s game against Montevallo at 5:30 p.m.\nThe entry fee for the race is $15 per person with the registration fee increasing after Feb. 6 to $20 per person. ", "The race day entry fee is $25. ", "A family rate (minimum of three, maximum of six participants) is also available. ", "The family rate is $40 and increases to $55 after Feb. 6. ", "The race day family rate is $75. ", "To be guaranteed a race T-shirt, participants must be registered by Feb. 1.", "\nFor more information about the 5K Race/Walk or to register online, please visit www.claytonstatesports.com\\RunClaytonState.", "\nProceeds from the race will benefit the fundraising efforts of the Clayton State Department of Athletics. ", "Gifts — regardless of the size — support student- athlete success both on and off the playing fields, and helps Laker teams compete in the elite Peach Belt Conference of NCAA Division II.", "\nRecreation & Wellness to Host AFAA’s APEX Event, Feb. 8 to Feb. 10\nThe Clayton State University Department of Recreation & Wellness is proud to host the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America’s (AFAA) semi-annual APEX event in the University’s Student Activities Center from Feb. 8 to Feb. 10, 2013.", "\nDuring APEX, AFAA, the world's largest fitness and TeleFitness® educator, offers certifications and workshops in multiple cities for the special price of only $99 per day, per program. ", "The training is targeted to primary group exercise instructor and kickboxing instructors seeking certification for the first time, or renewing a certification.", "\nThe primary group exercise instructor certifications will take place on Friday, Feb. 8, and Sunday, Feb. 10, 2013, while the kickboxing instructor certification will take place on Saturday, Feb. 9, 2013.", "\nRegistration is currently available on AFAA’s website http://www.afaa.com by clicking on the APEX link and searching the Atlanta area.", "\nFor more information, please visit AFAA.com or contact Williamson at (678) 466-4975 or email lisawilliamson@clayton.edu." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005610708612948656, 0.0006830621277913451, 0.0006250017904676497, 0.0005927879246883094, 0.0006045203772373497, 0.0008257196168415248, 0.0006319411331787705, 0.0008580470457673073, 0.0006725210696458817, 0.0005982540897093713, 0.0005366008263081312, 0.0006020166329108179, 0.0005830894806422293, 0.0005712683196179569, 0.0006417410913854837, 0.0010146835120394826, 0.0005409922450780869, 0.0007182148983702064, 0.0007236589444801211, 0.0006133347633294761, 0.0005825992557220161, 0.0005716945743188262, 0.000608607311733067, 0.0005141290021128953, 0.0005657077417708933, 0.0005509746843017638, 0.0005417438223958015, 0.0008636316633783281, 0.0005503941792994738, 0.0006069870432838798, 0.0005522894207388163, 0.0005777367041446269, 0.0005514640943147242, 0.0005628748331218958, 0.000598656537476927, 0.0006109087262302637, 0.0008866011048667133, 0.0005186405032873154, 0.0005456795915961266, 0.0005742459907196462, 0.0005410608137026429, 0.0005728681571781635, 0.0008019430097192526, 0.0006705099367536604, 0.0005803334061056376, 0.0011512887431308627, 0.0005584448226727545, 0.0005951489438302815, 0.0005914985667914152, 0.0005469467723742127, 0.0005249669775366783, 0.0008396299672313035, 0.002774226013571024, 0.0005363671807572246, 0.0006028155330568552, 0.0005814082687720656, 0.000595542136579752, 0.0005629971856251359, 0.0005534869851544499, 0.0006015108083374798, 0.0005901181721128523, 0.003024743404239416, 0.0005505520384758711, 0.0005820936639793217, 0.0005986479809507728, 0.0005535128293558955, 0.0005921887350268662, 0.0005629531806334853, 0.0006092512630857527, 0.0035828296095132828, 0.000609869952313602, 0.0006789684412069619, 0.0006019676220603287, 0.0006109066889621317, 0.0006480477168224752, 0.0005834900657646358, 0.0005482272827066481, 0.0005850733141414821, 0.0005503080901689827, 0.000567489885725081, 0.0008324279333464801, 0.0006177541217766702, 0.0006941218744032085, 0.0029077816288918257, 0.0006983574712648988, 0.0007058231276459992, 0.0008739724871702492, 0.0006089142407290637, 0.0005369316204451025, 0.0006673758616670966, 0.0008859024383127689, 0.0008613625541329384, 0.0008257093722932041, 0.0006978439050726593, 0.0006988864042796195, 0.0006530035170726478, 0.0007629901519976556, 0.0005897315568290651, 0.0011043918784707785, 0.0006711549940519035, 0.0007274699164554477, 0.0008214375120587647, 0.0005761785432696342, 0.0012301784008741379, 0.0011063378769904375, 0.0005808336427435279, 0.0005656162975355983, 0.00065084476955235, 0.000733591674361378, 0.0005829620058648288, 0.0005872902693226933, 0.0005352121661417186, 0.000644323299638927, 0.0006451981025747955, 0.0007112299790605903, 0.0005956128006801009, 0.0009539065649732947, 0.000637158693280071, 0.000699767202604562, 0.0009470982477068901, 0.0006532942061312497, 0.0005612914683297276, 0.0006531628896482289, 0.0007988642901182175, 0.0007248823530972004, 0.0005967139732092619, 0.0005733135621994734, 0.0006707563297823071, 0.0005937361856922507, 0.0006165559752844274, 0.0006239351932890713, 0.0006063692271709442, 0.0005392611492425203, 0.0006727829459123313 ]

[ "Reviews\n\nMost Helpful\n\nEven though there was an ingredients mix-up (since corrected) and I only used 1 chocolate square instead of 1-1/2, these squares turned out perfectly! ", "I made them up for the \"Go Irish - Go Green\" cook-a-thon on March 16/17 (2002) and made them green by adding a few drops green food colouring to the cream cheese portion. ", "I also added 3/4 tsp mint extract to the chocolate portion. ", "These are not hard to prepare, smell heavenly as they bake, and taste divine. ", "Be prepared -- you get a lot! ", "Thanks so much for posting this!" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0005879760137759149, 0.0006045647314749658, 0.0005711896810680628, 0.001276311813853681, 0.002306010341271758, 0.0006561055197380483 ]

[ "Nessaea aglaura\n\nNessaea aglaura, the common olivewing, northern nessaea or Aglaura olivewing, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. ", "It is found from Mexico to Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia. ", "It is found in evergreen tropical forest and in semi-deciduous tropical forest.", "\n\nThe length of the wings is 31–34 mm for males and 28–36 mm for females. ", "Adults are on wing nearly year round.", "\n\nThey are notable for the presence of blue pigments in their wings, as opposed to blue created by physical structures.", "\n\nThe larvae feed on Alchornea costaricensis and Plukenetia volubilis.", "\n\nSubspecies\nNessaea aglaura aglaura (Mexico to Panama and Ecuador)\nNessaea aglaura regina (Salvin, 1869) (Venezuela, Colombia)\nNessaea aglaura thalia Bargmann, 1928 (Colombia, Ecuador)\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Biblidinae\nCategory:Nymphalidae of South America\nCategory:Butterflies described in 1848" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.004469607956707478, 0.0006966255605220795, 0.0007232966599985957, 0.0017094885697588325, 0.0010243410943076015, 0.0005830319714732468, 0.0014873656909912825, 0.0006308726733550429 ]

[ "Are you a weekend renovator? ", "Many of us are, but sometimes we can bite off a little more than we can chew for the weekend. ", "DIY flooring installation can be tricky to pull of if you don’t choose the right..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.025348611176013947, 0.006739876698702574, 0.000993324094451964 ]

[ "\n951 So.2d 1157 (2007)\nSTATE of Louisiana\nv.\nTron HUGHES.", "\nNo. ", "2004-KA-1797.", "\nCourt of Appeal of Louisiana, Fourth Circuit.", "\nJanuary 24, 2007.", "\nEddie J. Jordan, Jr., District Attorney, Zata W. Ard, Assistant District Attorney, New Orleans, LA, for Plaintiff/Appellee.", "\nSherry Watters, Louisiana Appellate Project, New Orleans, LA, for Defendant/Appellant.", "\n(Court composed of Judge CHARLES R. JONES, Judge JAMES F. McKAY III, Judge EDWIN A. LOMBARD).", "\nEDWIN A. LOMBARD, Judge.", "\nThis case is once again before us on remand from the Louisiana Supreme Court for consideration of defendant/appellant Tron Hughes' second assignment of error. ", "See State v. Hughes, XXXX-XXXX (La.11/29/06) 943 So.2d 1047 reversing State v. Hughes, XXXX-XXXX (La.App. ", "4 Cir. ", "3/16/05) 900 So.2d 168.", "\nIn his second assignment of error, the defendant claims that his sentence is illegally excessive. ", "First, he argues that the court erred when it imposed the sentence without benefit of parole, probation, or suspension of sentence, noting that these prohibitions are required under the manslaughter statute only when the victim is under the age of ten years. ", "La.Rev. Stat. ", "14:31(B). ", "This contention is correct, and because the victim was not under age ten, the court erred in stating that the sentence must be served without benefits.", "\nNext the defendant argues that the sentence of twenty years, one-half the *1158 maximum that could be imposed, is excessive. ", "However, we are unable to review this issue because the court reporter has certified that she is unable to locate the necessary notes or audiotapes of the sentencing proceeding, and therefore the sentencing transcript is not included in the appellate record. ", "See State v. Diggs, 93-0324 (La.App. ", "4 Cir. ", "6/29/05) 657 So.2d 1104, (unavailability of an officer's complete testimony necessitated a new trial because it could not be determined whether the missing testimony was substantial or inconsequential, or whether any objections or motions had been made during the officer's testimony); see also State v. Bright, 00-1255 (La.App. ", "4 Cir. ", "2/6/02), 809 So.2d 1112 (the trial transcript containing numerous mistakes and omissions not sufficient for review).", "\nIn this case, the minute entry of sentencing indicates that counsel orally objected to the sentence and moved for a reconsideration of sentence, and thus the issue of excessive sentence was preserved. ", "The appellant's sentence is one-half of the maximum. ", "The record does not indicate that he was more than a first offender. ", "The trial court obtained a presentence investigation report and ordered it sealed for the record. ", "However, when this Court requested the report from the Property and Evidence Room, the sealed envelope that was sent contained a copy of the jury verdict and not the presentence investigation report. ", "Thus, without the sentencing transcript, this Court is not in a position to know what information the trial court relied upon in sentencing the defendant. ", "Because of the lack of the transcript of the sentencing proceeding, this assignment of error cannot be considered.", "\nAccordingly, the defendant's sentence is vacated and the matter is remanded to the district court for resentencing, reserving to the appellant the right to appeal his new sentence.", "\nSENTENCE VACATED; REMANDED.", "\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.0007618007366545498, 0.0013787426287308335, 0.0006943984190002084, 0.0007116893539205194, 0.0007122558890841901, 0.0006759269163012505, 0.000582616776227951, 0.0005933791981078684, 0.0007720712455920875, 0.0006273216567933559, 0.0007796030258759856, 0.0015111458487808704, 0.0008973876829259098, 0.0008845123229548335, 0.001066463766619563, 0.0009310427121818066, 0.0007428217213600874, 0.0010358301224187016, 0.0008743731305003166, 0.0005699953762814403, 0.0007258286932483315, 0.0015111458487808704, 0.0007491168798878789, 0.0015111458487808704, 0.0006759839016012847, 0.0005641053430736065, 0.0006863644230179489, 0.0014799053315073252, 0.0005743472138419747, 0.0006128664826974273, 0.0006412550574168563, 0.0006604393129236996, 0.000846321287099272, 0.0006872703088447452, 0.001994825666770339 ]

[ "1. ", "Field\nThe technological field relates to a secondary battery pack, and more specifically, to a secondary battery pack that includes a removable cell balancing system to be reused.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Technology\nGenerally, a secondary battery can be recharged and formed in a small size and large capacity. ", "With the development of the lightweight and high functional portable radio devices, such as a mobile phone, a PDA, or a notebook computer, developments have been made on the use of a secondary battery as a driving power supply for portable radio devices.", "\nIn particular, the capacity of the secondary battery should be large to be used for an electric car, a hybrid car, or the like.", "\nIn order to make the capacity of the secondary battery large, a pack of a multi cell, not a single cell, is used, such that a high voltage can be applied to the secondary battery and the capacity of the secondary battery can be increased. ", "However, the voltage of each multi cell tends to be unbalanced with the passage of time since the cell itself has charge and discharge characteristics.", "\nThe voltage difference between the cells in the secondary battery pack leads to unbalancing between the batteries, thereby resulting in the loss of the capacity of the secondary battery pack.", "\nTherefore, various cell balancing systems and methods for balancing each cell have been developed so that all the cells of the secondary battery can be uniformly charged while preventing overcharging.", "\nHowever, for cell balancing, to be performed, a cell balancing system should be attached to the secondary battery. ", "In this case, the manufacturing cost of the secondary battery increases. ", "Therefore, there is a problem in that the cost of the secondary battery is increased." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0009392039501108229, 0.0005540509591810405, 0.0011860732920467854, 0.0005512769566848874, 0.0005719515029340982, 0.0006396362441591918, 0.0006546638323925436, 0.0006035503465682268, 0.0007104082615114748, 0.0006288532167673111, 0.0005576908588409424, 0.0005874352063983679, 0.0007251030765473843 ]

[ "Q:\n\nHow to Stop Scratching\n\nWhen I apply some lotion onto my skin to prevent it from being dry (I am already seeing side effects...), my skin just gets really, really, itchy. ", "I can't resist scratching even though I'm not supposed to. ", "That would just remove the lotion and make my skin's condition worse.", "\nWhat is the best way to stop yourself from scratching yourself when you are really itchy? ", "As to the comments, how to stop the itchiness?", "\n\nA:\n\nI tend to find that I need to do something else to the afflicted area to relieve / or distract me from the itchiness.", "\nA couple of things that I have done before with varying success are:\n\nApply cold to the area - Just rubbing over a cool glass or chilled drinks can can do wonders to relieving the itching sensation\nInflict pain on or around the area - This can vary from a firm slap to me stabbing it with something sharp like a pen or pencil (I'm not a sadist or anything, only do it if you're comfortable and don't do any serious damage to yourself)\nBathe the area in warm or cold water - I sometimes get really itchy eyes so opt for putting them under running cold water to try and relieve some of the irritation. ", "Experiment with both cold and warm water to see what works for you best\nCover the area - If you are unable to stop the urge to scratch, then you can just employ a physical barrier to completely stop you from being able to scratch. ", "Unless of course you just remove said barrier to get the itchy goodness but then you must really love to scratch\nPut pressure on it - Sometimes I just find the most simple thing is to put a deal of pressure on it either by sitting on (if possible) or laying on it. ", "This is usually the most effective for me personally so it might work for you too.", "\n\nJust as an extra note - if it is the lotion that is causing the itchiness you might have an allergy to it or something so I would suggest trying a different brand or product. ", "Just something to think about as it could remove the problem all together!", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

[ 0.015445893630385399, 0.0008098419639281929, 0.06038585677742958, 0.5606407523155212, 0.03529481217265129, 0.016530293971300125, 0.0035734842531383038, 0.0009391609928570688, 0.0007202135166153312, 0.0005701904301531613, 0.02541688270866871, 0.0007940562791191041, 0.001994825666770339 ]

[ "A wide variety of consumables (e.g., foods, beverage, cosmetics, etc.) ", "contain contaminants, toxins, allergens, and/or other substances that are of interest to all or specific types of consumers. ", "In particular, in recent years, an increase in the number of consumers with an identified allergy (e.g., gluten allergy, dairy allergy, fish allergy, nut allergy, soy allergy, cosmetic allergy, etc.) ", "has contributed to a number of products that omit ingredients having an associated allergen; however, such consumers are still at risk for consuming items with a harmful substance when the items do not have adequate labeling or documentation. ", "Various systems and methods exist for detection of toxins and harmful substances present in a sample; however, current systems and methods are deficient due to one or more of: a time-intensive manner of receiving test results, a labor-intensive manner of receiving test results, a non-automated manner of processing samples, system bulk, system non-portability, and other factors that contribute to inconveniencing a consumer using such systems.", "\nDue to these and other defects of current systems and methods for detecting harmful substances in consumables, there is thus a need for an improved system and method for detecting target substances. ", "This invention provides such a system and method." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0005644100019708276, 0.0009190700948238373, 0.0008979217964224517, 0.0006616918253712356, 0.000588139402680099, 0.0005443990230560303, 0.000612255244050175 ]

[ "# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n# This file is part of Archivematica.", "\n#\n# Copyright 2010-2013 Artefactual Systems Inc. <http://artefactual.com>\n#\n# Archivematica is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by\n# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n# (at your option) any later version.", "\n#\n# Archivematica is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ", " See the\n# GNU General Public License for more details.", "\n#\n# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n# along with Archivematica. ", " If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.", "\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import\n\nimport collections\nimport logging\nimport os\nimport shutil\nimport subprocess\n\nfrom django.conf import settings as django_settings\nfrom django.core.urlresolvers import reverse\nfrom django.contrib import messages\nfrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import user_passes_test\nfrom django.db.models import Max, Min\nfrom django.http import Http404, HttpResponseNotAllowed, HttpResponseRedirect\nfrom django.shortcuts import redirect, render\nfrom django.template import RequestContext\nfrom django.template.defaultfilters import filesizeformat\nfrom django.utils.translation import ugettext as _\n\nfrom main import models\nfrom components.administration.forms import (\n AgentForm,\n HandleForm,\n GeneralSettingsForm,\n StorageSettingsForm,\n ChecksumSettingsForm,\n TaxonomyTermForm,\n)\nimport components.administration.views_processing as processing_views\nimport components.decorators as decorators\nimport components.helpers as helpers\nfrom installer.steps import setup_pipeline_in_ss\nimport storageService as storage_service\n\nfrom version import get_full_version\n\n\nlogger = logging.getLogger(\"archivematica.dashboard\")\n\n\n\"\"\" @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@\n Administration\n @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ \"\"\"\n\n\ndef administration(request):\n return redirect(\"components.administration.views_processing.list\")\n\n\ndef failure_report(request, report_id=None):\n if report_id is not None:\n report = models.", "Report.objects.get(pk=report_id)\n return render(request, \"administration/reports/failure_detail.html\", locals())\n else:\n current_page_number = request.", "GET.get(\"page\", \"1\")\n items_per_page = 10\n\n reports = models.", "Report.objects.all().order_by(\"-created\")\n page = helpers.pager(reports, items_per_page, current_page_number)\n return render(request, \"administration/reports/failures.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef delete_context(request, report_id):\n report = models.", "Report.objects.get(pk=report_id)\n prompt = \"Delete failure report for \" + report.unitname + \"?\"", "\n cancel_url = reverse(\"components.administration.views.failure_report\")\n return RequestContext(\n request, {\"action\": \"Delete\", \"prompt\": prompt, \"cancel_url\": cancel_url}\n )\n\n\n@decorators.confirm_required(\"simple_confirm.html\", delete_context)\ndef failure_report_delete(request, report_id):\n models.", "Report.objects.get(pk=report_id).delete()\n messages.info(request, _(\"Deleted.\"))", "\n return redirect(\"components.administration.views.failure_report\")\n\n\ndef failure_report_detail(request):\n return render(\n request, \"administration/reports/failure_report_detail.html\", locals()\n )\n\n\ndef atom_levels_of_description(request):\n if request.method == \"POST\":\n level_operation = request.", "POST.get(\"operation\")\n level_id = request.", "POST.get(\"id\")\n\n if level_operation == \"promote\":\n if _atom_levels_of_description_sort_adjust(level_id, \"promote\"):\n messages.info(request, _(\"Promoted.\"))", "\n else:\n messages.error(\n request, _(\"Error attempting to promote level of description.\")", "\n )\n elif level_operation == \"demote\":\n if _atom_levels_of_description_sort_adjust(level_id, \"demote\"):\n messages.info(request, _(\"Demoted.\"))", "\n else:\n messages.error(\n request, _(\"Error attempting to demote level of description.\")", "\n )\n elif level_operation == \"delete\":\n try:\n level = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.get(id=level_id)\n level.delete()\n messages.info(request, _(\"Deleted.\"))", "\n except models.", "LevelOfDescription.", "DoesNotExist:\n messages.error(request, _(\"Level of description not found.\"))", "\n\n levels = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.order_by(\"sortorder\")\n sortorder_min = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.aggregate(min=Min(\"sortorder\"))[\n \"min\"\n ]\n sortorder_max = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.aggregate(max=Max(\"sortorder\"))[\n \"max\"\n ]\n\n return render(\n request,\n \"administration/atom_levels_of_description.html\",\n {\n \"levels\": levels,\n \"sortorder_min\": sortorder_min,\n \"sortorder_max\": sortorder_max,\n },\n )\n\n\ndef _atom_levels_of_description_sort_adjust(level_id, sortorder=\"promote\"):\n \"\"\"\n Move LevelOfDescription with level_id up or down one.", "\n\n :param int level_id: ID of LevelOfDescription to adjust\n :param string sortorder: 'promote' to demote level_id, 'demote' to promote level_id\n :returns: True if success, False otherwise.", "\n \"\"\"\n try:\n level = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.get(id=level_id)\n # Get object with next highest/lowest sortorder\n if sortorder == \"demote\":\n previous_level = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.order_by(\n \"sortorder\"\n ).filter(sortorder__gt=level.sortorder)[:1][0]\n elif sortorder == \"promote\":\n previous_level = models.", "LevelOfDescription.objects.order_by(\n \"-sortorder\"\n ).filter(sortorder__lt=level.sortorder)[:1][0]\n except (models.", "LevelOfDescription.", "DoesNotExist, IndexError):\n return False\n\n # Swap\n level.sortorder, previous_level.sortorder = (\n previous_level.sortorder,\n level.sortorder,\n )\n level.save()\n previous_level.save()\n return True\n\n\ndef storage(request):\n \"\"\"Return storage service locations related with this pipeline.", "\n\n Exclude locations for currently processing, AIP recovery and SS internal\n purposes and disabled locations. ", "Format used, quota and purpose values to\n human readable form.", "\n \"\"\"\n try:\n response_locations = storage_service.get_location()\n except:\n messages.warning(\n request,\n _(\n \"Error retrieving locations: is the storage server running? \"", "\n \"Please contact an administrator.\"", "\n ),\n )\n return render(request, \"administration/locations.html\")\n\n # Currently processing, AIP recovery and SS internal locations\n # are intentionally not included to not display them in the table.", "\n purposes = {\n \"AS\": _(\"AIP Storage\"),\n \"DS\": _(\"DIP Storage\"),\n \"SD\": _(\"FEDORA Deposits\"),\n \"BL\": _(\"Transfer Backlog\"),\n \"TS\": _(\"Transfer Source\"),\n \"RP\": _(\"Replicator\"),\n }\n\n # Filter and format locations\n locations = []\n for loc in response_locations:\n # Skip disabled locations\n if not loc[\"enabled\"]:\n continue\n # Skip unwanted purposes\n if not loc[\"purpose\"] or loc[\"purpose\"] not in list(purposes.keys()):\n continue\n # Only show usage of AS and DS locations\n loc[\"show_usage\"] = loc[\"purpose\"] in [\"AS\", \"DS\"]\n if loc[\"show_usage\"]:\n # Show unlimited for unset quotas\n if not loc[\"quota\"]:\n loc[\"quota\"] = _(\"unlimited\")\n # Format bytes to human readable filesize\n else:\n loc[\"quota\"] = filesizeformat(loc[\"quota\"])\n if loc[\"used\"]:\n loc[\"used\"] = filesizeformat(loc[\"used\"])\n # Format purpose\n loc[\"purpose\"] = purposes[loc[\"purpose\"]]\n locations.append(loc)\n\n # Sort by purpose\n locations.sort(key=lambda loc: loc[\"purpose\"])\n\n return render(request, \"administration/locations.html\", {\"locations\": locations})\n\n\ndef usage(request):\n \"\"\"Return page summarizing storage usage.", "\n\n To avoid timeouts on the first load of this page, the usage data is only\n calculated when the `calculate` get parameter is evaluated as `True` (true\n values are \"true\", \"yes\", \"on\" and \"1\", case insensitive). ", "When the usage data\n is not calculated, the page shows a description and a button to reload the page\n calculating the usage. ", "When the usage is calculated, the page will display a\n general information section and a table of clearable directories from within\n the shared path.", "\n \"\"\"\n calculate = request.", "GET.get(\"calculate\", \"\")\n calculate_usage = calculate.lower() in [\"true\", \"yes\", \"on\", \"1\"]\n if calculate_usage:\n root_path = _get_mount_point_path(django_settings.", "SHARED_DIRECTORY)\n root = {\n \"path\": root_path,\n \"size\": _usage_check_directory_volume_size(root_path),\n \"used\": _usage_get_directory_used_bytes(root_path),\n }\n shared = {\n \"path\": django_settings.", "SHARED_DIRECTORY,\n \"used\": _usage_get_directory_used_bytes(django_settings.", "SHARED_DIRECTORY),\n }\n usage_dirs = _get_shared_dirs(calculate_usage=True)\n\n return render(request, \"administration/usage.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef _get_shared_dirs(calculate_usage=False):\n \"\"\"Get shared directories information.", "\n\n Get information about directories that can be cleared manually whitin the\n SHARED_DIRECTORY setting path.", "\n\n :param bool calculate_usage: True if usage should be calculated.", "\n :returns OrderedDict: Dict where key is a descriptive handle and value is a\n dict with the path, description and optionally usage.", "\n \"\"\"\n shared_path = django_settings.", "SHARED_DIRECTORY\n dirs = collections.", "OrderedDict(\n (\n (\n \"transfers\",\n {\n \"description\": \"Transfers\",\n \"path\": os.path.join(shared_path, \"completed\", \"transfers\"),\n },\n ),\n (\n \"dip_backups\",\n {\n \"description\": \"DIP backups\",\n \"path\": os.path.join(shared_path, \"DIPbackups\"),\n },\n ),\n (\n \"failed\",\n {\"description\": \"Failed\", \"path\": os.path.join(shared_path, \"failed\")},\n ),\n (\n \"rejected\",\n {\n \"description\": \"Rejected\",\n \"path\": os.path.join(shared_path, \"rejected\"),\n },\n ),\n (\n \"sip_backups\",\n {\n \"description\": \"SIP backups\",\n \"path\": os.path.join(shared_path, \"SIPbackups\"),\n },\n ),\n (\n \"tmp\",\n {\n \"description\": \"Temporary file storage\",\n \"path\": os.path.join(shared_path, \"tmp\"),\n },\n ),\n (\n \"uploaded_dips\",\n {\n \"description\": \"Uploaded DIPs\",\n \"path\": os.path.join(\n shared_path, \"watchedDirectories\", \"uploadedDIPs\"\n ),\n },\n ),\n )\n )\n\n if calculate_usage:\n for id, dir_spec in dirs.items():\n dir_spec[\"used\"] = _usage_get_directory_used_bytes(dir_spec[\"path\"])\n\n return dirs\n\n\ndef _get_mount_point_path(path):\n \"\"\"Get the mount point path from a directory.", "\n\n :param str path: path to check.", "\n :returns: mount point path.", "\n \"\"\"\n path = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(path))\n while path !", "= os.path.sep:\n if os.path.ismount(path):\n return path\n path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, os.pardir))\n return path\n\n\ndef _usage_check_directory_volume_size(path):\n \"\"\"Check the size of the volume containing a given path.", "\n\n :param str path: path to check.", "\n :returns: size in bytes, or 0 on error.", "\n \"\"\"\n try:\n # Get volume size (in 1K blocks)\n output = subprocess.check_output([\"df\", \"--block-size\", \"1024\", path]).decode(\n \"utf8\"\n )\n # Second line returns disk usage-related values\n usage_summary = output.split(\"\\n\")[1]\n # Split value by whitespace and size (in blocks)\n size = usage_summary.split()[1]\n return int(size) * 1024\n except OSError:\n logger.exception(\"No such directory: %s\", path)\n return 0\n except subprocess.", "CalledProcessError:\n logger.exception(\"Unable to determine size of %s\", path)\n return 0\n\n\ndef _usage_get_directory_used_bytes(path):\n \"\"\"Check the space used at a given path.", "\n\n :param string path: path to check.", "\n :returns: usage in bytes.", "\n \"\"\"\n try:\n output = subprocess.check_output(\n [\"du\", \"--one-file-system\", \"--bytes\", \"--summarize\", path]\n ).decode(\"utf8\")\n return output.split(\"\\t\")[0]\n except OSError:\n logger.exception(\"No such directory: %s\", path)\n return 0\n except subprocess.", "CalledProcessError:\n logger.exception(\"Unable to determine usage of %s.\", path)\n return 0\n\n\ndef _usage_clear_context(request, dir_id):\n \"\"\"Confirmation context for emptying a directory from _get_shared_dirs.", "\n\n :param dir_id: Key for the directory in _get_shared_dirs.", "\n \"\"\"\n usage_dirs = _get_shared_dirs()\n dir_info = usage_dirs.get(dir_id, None)\n if not dir_info:\n raise Http404\n\n prompt = _(\"Clear %(dir)s?\") % {\"", "dir\": dir_info[\"description\"]}\n cancel_url = reverse(\"components.administration.views.usage\")\n return RequestContext(\n request, {\"action\": _(\"Clear\"), \"prompt\": prompt, \"cancel_url\": cancel_url}\n )\n\n\n@user_passes_test(lambda u: u.is_superuser, login_url=\"/forbidden/\")\n@decorators.confirm_required(\"simple_confirm.html\", _usage_clear_context)\ndef usage_clear(request, dir_id):\n \"\"\"Clears a directory from _get_shared_dirs.", "\n\n :param dir_id: Descriptive shorthand for the dir, key for _get_shared_dirs.", "\n \"\"\"\n if request.method !", "= \"POST\":\n return HttpResponseNotAllowed()\n\n usage_dirs = _get_shared_dirs()\n dir_info = usage_dirs.get(dir_id, None)\n if not dir_info:\n raise Http404\n\n try:\n for entry in os.listdir(dir_info[\"path\"]):\n entry_path = os.path.join(dir_info[\"path\"], entry)\n if os.path.isfile(entry_path):\n os.unlink(entry_path)\n else:\n shutil.rmtree(entry_path)\n message = _(\"Cleared: %(path)s\") % {\"path\": dir_info[\"path\"]}\n messages.info(request, message)\n except OSError:\n message = _(\"No such file or directory: %(path)s\") % {\"path\": dir_info[\"path\"]}\n messages.error(request, message)\n logger.exception(message)\n\n return redirect(\"components.administration.views.usage\")\n\n\ndef processing(request):\n return processing_views.index(request)\n\n\ndef handle_config(request):\n \"\"\"Display or save the Handle configuration form, which allows for the\n specification of configuration values for Handle PID creation and binding\n using the ``bindpid`` module. ", "State is stored in DashboardSettings table.", "\n \"\"\"\n if request.method == \"POST\":\n form = HandleForm(request.", "POST)\n if form.is_valid():\n models.", "DashboardSetting.objects.set_dict(\"handle\", form.cleaned_data)\n messages.info(request, _(\"Saved.\"))", "\n else:\n settings_dict = models.", "DashboardSetting.objects.get_dict(\"handle\")\n settings_dict[\"pid_request_verify_certs\"] = {\"False\": False}.get(\n settings_dict.get(\"pid_request_verify_certs\", True), True\n )\n form = HandleForm(initial=settings_dict)\n return render(request, \"administration/handle_config.html\", {\"form\": form})\n\n\ndef premis_agent(request):\n agent = models.", "Agent.objects.get(pk=2)\n if request.", "POST:\n form = AgentForm(request.", "POST, instance=agent)\n if form.is_valid():\n messages.info(request, _(\"Saved.\"))", "\n form.save()\n else:\n form = AgentForm(instance=agent)\n\n return render(request, \"administration/premis_agent.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef api(request):\n if request.method == \"POST\":\n whitelist = request.", "POST.get(\"whitelist\", \"\")\n helpers.set_setting(\"api_whitelist\", whitelist)\n messages.info(request, _(\"Saved.\"))", "\n else:\n whitelist = helpers.get_setting(\"api_whitelist\", \"\")\n\n return render(request, \"administration/api.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef taxonomy(request):\n taxonomies = models.", "Taxonomy.objects.all().order_by(\"name\")\n page = helpers.pager(taxonomies, 20, request.", "GET.get(\"page\", 1))\n return render(request, \"administration/taxonomy.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef terms(request, taxonomy_uuid):\n taxonomy = models.", "Taxonomy.objects.get(pk=taxonomy_uuid)\n terms = taxonomy.taxonomyterm_set.order_by(\"term\")\n page = helpers.pager(terms, 20, request.", "GET.get(\"page\", 1))\n return render(request, \"administration/terms.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef term_detail(request, term_uuid):\n term = models.", "TaxonomyTerm.objects.get(pk=term_uuid)\n taxonomy = term.taxonomy\n if request.", "POST:\n form = TaxonomyTermForm(request.", "POST, instance=term)\n if form.is_valid():\n form.save()\n messages.info(request, _(\"Saved.\"))", "\n else:\n form = TaxonomyTermForm(instance=term)\n\n return render(request, \"administration/term_detail.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef term_delete_context(request, term_uuid):\n term = models.", "TaxonomyTerm.objects.get(pk=term_uuid)\n prompt = \"Delete term \" + term.term + \"?\"", "\n cancel_url = reverse(\n \"components.administration.views.term_detail\", args=[term_uuid]\n )\n return RequestContext(\n request, {\"action\": \"Delete\", \"prompt\": prompt, \"cancel_url\": cancel_url}\n )\n\n\n@decorators.confirm_required(\"simple_confirm.html\", term_delete_context)\ndef term_delete(request, term_uuid):\n if request.method == \"POST\":\n term = models.", "TaxonomyTerm.objects.get(pk=term_uuid)\n term.delete()\n return HttpResponseRedirect(\n reverse(\"components.administration.views.terms\", args=[term.taxonomy_id])\n )\n\n\ndef _intial_settings_data():\n return dict(models.", "DashboardSetting.objects.all().values_list(\"name\", \"value\"))\n\n\ndef general(request):\n initial_data = _intial_settings_data()\n initial_data[\"storage_service_use_default_config\"] = {\"False\": False}.get(\n initial_data.get(\"storage_service_use_default_config\", True), True\n )\n general_form = GeneralSettingsForm(\n request.", "POST or None, prefix=\"general\", initial=initial_data\n )\n storage_form = StorageSettingsForm(\n request.", "POST or None, prefix=\"storage\", initial=initial_data\n )\n checksum_form = ChecksumSettingsForm(\n request.", "POST or None, prefix=\"checksum algorithm\", initial=initial_data\n )\n\n forms = (general_form, storage_form, checksum_form)\n if all([form.is_valid() for form in forms]):\n for item in forms:\n item.save()\n messages.info(request, _(\"Saved.\"))", "\n\n dashboard_uuid = helpers.get_setting(\"dashboard_uuid\")\n\n not_created_yet = False\n try:\n pipeline = storage_service.get_pipeline(dashboard_uuid)\n except Exception as err:\n if err.response is not None and err.response.status_code == 404:\n # The server has returned a 404, we're going to assume that this is\n # the Storage Service telling us that the pipeline is unknown.", "\n not_created_yet = True\n else:\n messages.warning(\n request,\n _(\n \"Storage Service inaccessible. ", "Please\"\n \" contact an administrator or update\"\n \" the Storage Sevice URL below.\"", "\n \"<hr />%(error)s\" % {\"error\": err}\n ),\n )\n\n if not_created_yet:\n if storage_form.is_valid():\n try:\n setup_pipeline_in_ss(\n storage_form.cleaned_data[\"storage_service_use_default_config\"]\n )\n except Exception as err:\n messages.warning(\n request,\n _(\n \"Storage Service failed to create the\"\n \" pipeline. ", "This can happen if\"\n \" the pipeline exists but it is\"\n \" disabled. ", "Please contact an\"\n \" administrator.\"", "\n \"<hr />%(error)s\" % {\"error\": err}\n ),\n )\n else:\n messages.warning(\n request,\n _(\n \"Storage Service returned a 404 error.\"", "\n \" Has the pipeline been disabled or is\"\n \" it not registered yet? ", "Submitting\"\n \" form will attempt to register the\"\n \" pipeline.\"", "\n ),\n )\n\n return render(request, \"administration/general.html\", locals())\n\n\ndef version(request):\n version = get_full_version()\n agent_code = models.Agent.objects.get(\n identifiertype=\"preservation system\"\n ).identifiervalue\n return render(request, \"administration/version.html\", locals())\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0006729589658789337, 0.0006368278991430998, 0.0006103150662966073, 0.0005876774084754288, 0.0005984987947158515, 0.0006093313568271697, 0.0010452648857608438, 0.0006919284933246672, 0.0008235163986682892, 0.0006600711494684219, 0.0008908563759177923, 0.0007108623976819217, 0.000990775995887816, 0.0006497570429928601, 0.0007904412923380733, 0.0006756876828148961, 0.0006481118616648018, 0.0006271525053307414, 0.0006493862019851804, 0.0008737260359339416, 0.0011166176991537213, 0.0006840481655672193, 0.0008036511717364192, 0.0006719256052747369, 0.0007201771368272603, 0.0007799838786013424, 0.0007561110542155802, 0.0007372508407570422, 0.0008166513289324939, 0.0007573095499537885, 0.0010585925774648786, 0.0009381227428093553, 0.0008038863888941705, 0.0008036511717364192, 0.0008143759914673865, 0.0006491863168776035, 0.0005862701218575239, 0.0006416979595087469, 0.0009577696328051388, 0.0006152006099000573, 0.0006875061080791056, 0.0007061416981741786, 0.0005918519455008209, 0.0005608660285361111, 0.0006592252757400274, 0.000711505941580981, 0.0006649752613157034, 0.0006605727830901742, 0.0007476694881916046, 0.0010003629140555859, 0.0006808452890254557, 0.000694777409080416, 0.0006333704805001616, 0.0006789020844735205, 0.0008091014460660517, 0.0008003130787983537, 0.0006256108172237873, 0.002162779914215207, 0.0008368131821043789, 0.0008003130787983537, 0.000743602926377207, 0.0011648406507447362, 0.0009098176378756762, 0.0006593022844754159, 0.0006352965719997883, 0.0011218901490792632, 0.0009077913709916174, 0.0007274043746292591, 0.0007202958804555237, 0.0006759758689440787, 0.000633551215287298, 0.0007529499125666916, 0.0010740121360868216, 0.0005826386623084545, 0.000647021341137588, 0.0006591144483536482, 0.0006072413525544107, 0.0006372188800014555, 0.000759385759010911, 0.0009104355704039335, 0.0006642671651206911, 0.0006421620491892099, 0.0007226110901683569, 0.000636605778709054, 0.0006614080630242825, 0.0006390524795278907, 0.0007228811737149954, 0.0007004364160820842, 0.0007486908580176532, 0.0006830674246884882, 0.0006556960288435221, 0.0006541898474097252, 0.00067049142671749, 0.0008998539997264743, 0.0006733951740898192, 0.0008158478303812444, 0.0007167902658693492, 0.0005915465299040079, 0.000690221379045397, 0.0006584784132428467, 0.0006471372907981277, 0.0007167725125327706, 0.0006218976341187954, 0.0007048594998195767, 0.0008341812063008547, 0.0010184271959587932, 0.0008143159211613238, 0.0008553588413633406, 0.0005867276922799647, 0.000681529869325459 ]

[ "Tuesday, August 08, 2017\n\nDr. Bennet Omalu Comes To New York\n\nOn Monday, August 7, Dr. Bennet Omalu, the pioneering forensic pathologist who discovered the link between the disease of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and American football, and whose life and work were dramatized in the 2015 film \"Concussion\" starring Will Smith, made the media rounds in New York. ", "He was there to promote his new book, Truth Doesn't Have a Side, which has just been released.", "\n\nI was able to attend his presentation and the question-and-answer session that followed, hosted by the New York Press Club and held at the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism. ", "I also got a one-on-one interview with Dr. Omalu, specifically focusing on the issue of head trauma and combat sports which have no striking, such as the various styles of wrestling and grappling.", "\n\nAudio of the presentation and the interview will be posted shortly on No Holds Barred." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006310572498477995, 0.00069316232111305, 0.0005444986163638532, 0.0006224660319276154, 0.0005679021123796701 ]

[ "var Symbol = require('./_Symbol'),\n getRawTag = require('./_getRawTag'),\n objectToString = require('./_objectToString');\n\n/** `Object#toString` result references. */", "\nvar nullTag = '[object Null]',\n undefinedTag = '[object Undefined]';\n\n/** Built-in value references. */", "\nvar symToStringTag = Symbol ? ", "Symbol.toStringTag : undefined;\n\n/**\n * The base implementation of `getTag` without fallbacks for buggy environments.", "\n *\n * @private\n * @param {*} value The value to query.", "\n * @returns {string} Returns the `toStringTag`.", "\n */\nfunction baseGetTag(value) {\n if (value == null) {\n return value === undefined ? ", "undefinedTag : nullTag;\n }\n return (symToStringTag && symToStringTag in Object(value))\n ? ", "getRawTag(value)\n : objectToString(value);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = baseGetTag;\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.0008226069039665163, 0.0007602495606988668, 0.0008673365809954703, 0.0008013747283257544, 0.0007818614249117672, 0.0008080705883912742, 0.006973965559154749, 0.0008824659162200987, 0.002874905476346612 ]

[ " United States Court of Appeals\n For the First Circuit\n\nNos. ", "17-1052\n 17-1053\n\n\n UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,\n\n Appellee,\n\n v.\n\n JOSÉ LAUREANO-SALGADO, a/k/a Geo;\n PEDRO L. RAMÍREZ-RIVERA, a/k/a Peter Pai,\n\n Defendants, Appellants.", "\n\n\n\n ERRATA SHEET\n\n The opinion of this Court, issued on August 2, 2019, is\namended as follows:\n\n On page 9, footnote 7, line 2 of the footnote, change \"Andio\"\nto \"Andino\"\n\n On page 14, footnote 12, line 4 of the footnote, change\n\"compete\" to \"complete\"\n\f" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }

[ 0.0008840918890200555, 0.000661720463540405, 0.0006202927906997502 ]

[ "I recently had something told to me by my sister in-law’s step-father that has really burrowed itself into my day-to-day routine. ", "He told me as a boy, his father would say to him:\n\n“It doesn’t matter if you’re wearing the most expensive suit in the world… If your shoes aren’t polished, you look like a bum.”", "\n\nSo naturally now I find myself as I’m running out the door headed to work everyday giving my shoes a quick once over to make sure they look presentable.", "\n\nThere is something almost romantic about the ritual of shining your own shoes. ", "Gone are the days of Spit-Shine Tommy and his Shine Box, and the only places these days you tend to see shoe shiners are in the airport (in Buffalo anyways) so it’s pretty much up to you to do the work yourself.", "\n\nThere are two ways you can go about this. ", "The first is the quick, running-out-the-door once over using Kiwi Express Shine or something of that nature to give your shoes a quick shine. ", "This is great, like I said, for a quick solution but won’t really help protect your shoes or make them last any longer. ", "When you actually have the time, say on a weekend, you’ll want to give your shoes a proper polish. ", "This not only conditions the leather, it also helps prolong the life of your shoes by protecting them from the elements.", "\n\nYou’ll need the following: Newspaper, a cloth or old T-shirt, shoe polish, a horsehair brush and a chamois.", "\n\n1. ", "Start by laying down some newspaper and removing the laces. ", "This way, you won’t have to worry about any polish getting on the laces and you can get into smaller areas better. ", "Plus, the tongue of the shoe won’t end up a different color over time.", "\n\n2. ", "Next, use a damp cloth or shirt to clean the shoe and remove any loose dirt. ", "Allow the shoes to dry.", "\n\n3. ", "Using a circular motion, apply the polish over the shoe, making sure to get into creases and applying ample coverage to the heal and toe, as these areas tend to wear most. ", "Set the shoe aside and allow the wax to set in while beginning work on the second shoe.", "\n\n4. ", "Once the shoe is cloudy in color, it’s time to remove the polish. ", "Using a horsehair brush, brush the shoe vigorously with medium pressure. ", "The ideal motion you want to use is a rapid movement of the wrist rather than the arm, using quick, short motions. ", "These shorter strokes generate more heat on the surface of the shoe, which helps the polish sink in more.", "\n\n5. ", "Once the polish is removed, use a chamois to buff your shoe to a glorious shine. ", "Pay particular attention to the tops of the shoe because any polish that you miss could end on your pant cuff and leave you looking rather un-Dandy.", "\n\nLifestyle blogging from Buffalo where I live with my beautiful wife, our adorable french bulldog, a son who has a penchant for wearing capes and a beautiful baby girl who is practicing to be a debutante." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006141273770481348, 0.6067367792129517, 0.0015204629162326455, 0.0007884522783569992, 0.011784321628510952, 0.0006132482667453587, 0.0010523288510739803, 0.0010342997265979648, 0.018728133291006088, 0.001153661753050983, 0.003236234188079834, 0.0009392039501108229, 0.001460433704778552, 0.0011528213508427143, 0.0008262643241323531, 0.0011860732920467854, 0.004166768863797188, 0.00861970242112875, 0.0011743707582354546, 0.000824175716843456, 0.0006667795241810381, 0.0012898282147943974, 0.0010974151082336903, 0.0008214187109842896, 0.0007275780662894249, 0.0009616296738386154, 0.0013668719911947846, 0.06132446601986885, 0.03140510618686676, 0.0013637089869007468 ]

[ "A company with 50 graphic designers are working on the same file server. ", "They are using mainly Indesign.", "\nA typical project is a 60 pages indesign document with 1.5GB of linked files (something like ...\n\nI have Win2k8R2 file servers set up around the globe to distribute files using JAMF's Casper Suite to Mac OS X systems. ", "However I've been noticing some very slow server responses lately. ", "For example. ...", "\n\nWe have an Ubuntu server that we intend to use to share videos and other content over AFP to our client Macs. ", "AFP works flawlessly by setting the allow list to one single user. ", "The problem arises when ...\n\nI'm just setting up freenas with ZFS and was wondering which file sharing protocol / data transfer protocol is the best to use? ", "Has anyone experiences?", "\nI guess i have a very typical business setup. ", "I ...\n\nOSX by default mounts AFP to /Volumes. ", "I'd like to tell it to mount it somewhere else, specifically somewhere in the logged-in users' profile, like /Users/[username]/Desktop, or something like that. ...", "\n\nWe are trying to figure out how to best mount a network share on OSX machines (only).", "\nWe went with WebDAV initially which does what expected but it's extremely sluggish.", "\nAlso the Finder seesm to have ...\n\nI'm trying to copy files from an AFP share to an SMB share.", "\nSeveral files on the AFP share have a ? ", "in the name. ", "If I try to copy them, I get invalid argument'.", "\nI don't know how the files got the ? ...", "\n\nRunning OSX Lion Server (10.7.4), and about once a week or so the Apple File Sharing service stops letting clients connect to its shares. ", "On the client we will see a dialog box stating \"There was a ...\n\nI have a home file server running FreeNAS 8. ", "A few days ago I used rsync to upload my entire iTunes library from Mac so that I could load my library over the network instead of off a slow USB drive. ...", "\n\nRunning Apple's Lion Server (10.7.3). ", "I am trying to get VPN clients (clients on another subnet) to see the server's Apple File share. ", "I know that Bonjour doesn't route over a VPN or subnet, so I am ...\n\nI just set up a FreeNAS 8.0.3 server and am trying to use its AFP (Netatalk) service to access it via a Mac OS X Lion system. ", "I created the ZFS volume, set its permissions to include my user in its ...\n\ni've a QNAP Nas, but at the moment the AFP protocol seems to be bugged. ", "I've an office with 5 mac who saves data into a Mac Server. ", "I want to backup data via Samba protocol to the Qnap Nas Server EXT4 ...\n\nI have a client that has a mixed environment of Windows XP and 7, and Mac Lion and Snow Leopard. ", "We recently upgraded their server from Windows 2k3 to Windows 2k8 and realized Microsoft has dropped ...\n\nWe're moving all our Mac's from local logins to OpenDirectory logins in an effort to keep everything secure and to also solve issues we have with a Tiger server buggering permissions on an AFP shared ...\n\nCurrently, I have a central server that is accessed by many users through AFP sharing. ", "Sometimes, multiple users may have the same Word document open, while other times it may just be one user and one ...\n\nI have a simple setup of netatalk afp server on my OpenSolaris box. ", "And I also have samba on that box.", "\ntransfers from netatalk to my mac mini with Snow Leopard 10.6.8 go at speed 2-3 Mbytes/sec\nbut ...\n\nI got a FreeNAS Server running (FreeNAS 8RC2) with a raidz1 ZFS pool that shares a volume with both AFP and SAMBA to multiple Mac (All running Snow Leopards 10.6.6).", "\nAfter some testing, I've noticed ...\n\nfollowing scenario:\nIn my webapp, my customers are using Firefox as target browser. ", "They have the need to open afp:// folders via Javascript. ", "To make a long story short, this really works. ", "You need ...\n\nI am running an Ubuntu 10.04.1 LTS server. ", "Frequently I open up files using AFP from my Mac. ", "Inevitably this created .DS_Store files on the server (although for some reason they are named :2eDS_Store. ...", "\n\nI'm trying to use a TurnKey LAMP server as a sandbox web-development environment for a project with components in php and binary executables. ", "My host machine is OS 10.6. ", "I want to use AFP to serve a ...\n\nI have a share point for the shared applications folder. ", "This auto-mounts on clients correctly but when a file is created the permissions are such that the owner can't write to it (locally: root:wheel ...\n\ni have a netatalk server running on ubuntu server 10.04.1. ", "connecting and moving files works generally, but, when connecting / authenticating the server needs so much time. ", "when i connect using my mac ...\n\nMac OS X Server 10.4.11 connected to an AD domain system serving AFP shares to Mac OS X 10.5.8.", "\nIf I create a share on the the internal RAID of the server with an ACL that allows RW to all (\"Domain ...\n\nI am way out of my depth, and I am trying to get all of my nodes on a cluster to mount a drive on my head node. ", "I am using OS X 10.6.", "\nI've got /etc/auto_master and /etc/auto_afp configured according ..." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0006192157161422074, 0.0009660659707151353, 0.0007674057851545513, 0.0006172818830236793, 0.0009411039063706994, 0.0008607030031271279, 0.0006121410988271236, 0.0006546407821588218, 0.0006900914595462382, 0.0006049287621863186, 0.0006680908263660967, 0.0006273572216741741, 0.0005759106134064496, 0.0006413788069039583, 0.00086090067634359, 0.0007068426348268986, 0.0006735476781614125, 0.0008028907468542457, 0.0008628457435406744, 0.0006667115376330912, 0.0006594150909222662, 0.0008532318170182407, 0.0006709382287226617, 0.0007316526025533676, 0.0007468530675396323, 0.0006845532334409654, 0.0007278075208887458, 0.0007073948509059846, 0.0006725995917804539, 0.0005911387270316482, 0.0006332805496640503, 0.0008788643172010779, 0.0006904345354996622, 0.000661107711493969, 0.0006053717224858701, 0.0010589275043457747, 0.000743136100936681, 0.0007357716094702482, 0.0006873285165056586, 0.0007066691759973764, 0.0005581731675192714, 0.0008324367227032781, 0.000583453627768904, 0.0008298674365505576, 0.0008395254844799638, 0.0007170338067226112, 0.0006228775600902736 ]

[ "EES received a margin call for $4.3MM on Nov 19th from Niagara Mohawk for EES gas business to cover settlement and imbalance risk for NIMO's \"Supplier Select\" Program. ", " The Enron Corp. gaurantee is no longer acceptable at our current rating. ", " Legal has confirmed NIMO's rights under its gas tariff. ", " \n\nRegards\nMolly\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tMihalik, Teresa \nSent:\tWednesday, November 21, 2001 9:55 AM\nTo:\tFite, Rebecca; Kingerski, Harry; Steffes, James D.; Leff, Dan; Hughes, Evan; Harris, Molly\nCc:\tOgenyi, Gloria; Sharp, Vicki; Herndon, Rogers; Black, Don; Richter, Jeff\nSubject:\tRE: Performance / Surety Bonds\n\nMolly - Would you please add the request you are now working on from Niagara Mohawk. ", " Thanks, Teresa\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tFite, Rebecca \nSent:\tWednesday, November 21, 2001 9:27 AM\nTo:\tKingerski, Harry; Steffes, James D.; Leff, Dan; Hughes, Evan\nCc:\tOgenyi, Gloria; Sharp, Vicki; Herndon, Rogers; Black, Don; Richter, Jeff; Mihalik, Teresa\nSubject:\tRE: Performance / Surety Bonds\n\nOne more.", "\n\n- Washington Gas: EES has parental guaranty. ", "Due to current financial status, Washington Gas has requested Bond instead. ", "RAC contact indicated no bond available - EES has 30 days to respond.", "\n\nA note on the Con-Ed - Services/Operations has a work around for the few Mid-market deals origination is closing which will prevent us from increasing our security (Straight Dual Billing). ", "Mass Market volume increase will drive any security increase in this market.", "\n\nThanks,\nRebecca\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tKingerski, Harry \nSent:\tWednesday, November 21, 2001 9:17 AM\nTo:\tSteffes, James D.; Leff, Dan; Hughes, Evan\nCc:\tFite, Rebecca; Ogenyi, Gloria; Sharp, Vicki; Herndon, Rogers; Black, Don; Richter, Jeff; Mihalik, Teresa\nSubject:\tRE: Performance / Surety Bonds\n\n... and just to be clear, here are the recent or current issues I am aware of and their status:\n\nCon Ed, request for $1 million security in lieu of parental guaranty: complete. ", " $1 million sent prior to 11/14 deadline. ", " Request for additional security likely to come when Con Ed sees our increasing load.", "\nSoCal Gas, request for margin sharing agreement in lieu of parental guaranty: complete. ", " New contract signed and delivered 11/16. ", " Retail and wholesale gas desks to work together to avoid occurence of margin call for credit over $5 million daily.", "\nPeoples Gas of IL, request for letter of credit for $40k in lieu of parental guaranty: deferred. ", " Peoples agreed to suspend demand for l/c if further downgrade does not occur.", "\nVirginia license for EES gas: complete, for now. ", " Services served copy of application to other parties. ", " Their comments due back to VA SCC by Dec 7.", "\nMaryland license for EEMC gas: scheduled to be approved on provisional basis today. ", " MD PSC will be reviewing generic requirement that parental guarantees be unconditional, unlimited, and unrestricted.", "\nPennsylvania, request for update to EES and EPMI bonds and request for increase in EES bond from $250k to $3.8m: Under review. ", " New bond language has been sent to Mary Grisaffi. ", " Trying to whittle down (or eliminate) increase.", "\nCG&E, request for deposit associated with Transmission Service Agreement: being processed. ", " Service request reduced from 100 MW to 25 MW to reduce cash outlay.", "\nFirst Energy, requested new security in lieu of parental guaranty. ", " deferred. ", " First Energy agreed to continue accepting parental guaranty in absence of further downgrade.", "\n\nIf there are others we should know about, please let me know.", "\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tSteffes, James D. \nSent:\tWednesday, November 21, 2001 8:31 AM\nTo:\tLeff, Dan; Hughes, Evan; Kingerski, Harry\nCc:\tFite, Rebecca; Ogenyi, Gloria; Sharp, Vicki; Herndon, Rogers; Black, Don; Richter, Jeff\nSubject:\tRE: Performance / Surety Bonds\n\nAfter talking with Dan, I intend to set up a meeting to provide complete matrices on licensing and utility contracts sometime early during the week beginning Dec 3. ", " \n\nAlso, just to make sure everyone is clear, Harry, Gloria, and Rebecca are on point during the next few weeks to ensure that that EES and/or EPMI responds timely to any request for info, additional security, or other utility matters. ", " This, of course, will continue to require help from legal, credit, and operations.", "\n\nIf anyone has any other questions, please give me a call.", "\n\nThanks.", "\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tLeff, Dan \nSent:\tTuesday, November 20, 2001 6:08 PM\nTo:\tSteffes, James D.; Hughes, Evan; Kingerski, Harry\nSubject:\tRE: Performance / Surety Bonds\n\nwhen can we discuss this?", "\n\nthanks\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tSteffes, James D. \nSent:\tTuesday, November 20, 2001 8:24 AM\nTo:\tLeff, Dan; Hughes, Evan; Kingerski, Harry\nSubject:\tRE: Performance / Surety Bonds\n\nDan --\n\nI will get with Evan and his team and pull this together. ", " Of course, much of the activity with Utilities is driven by their requirements and judgements (which change over time).", "\n\nJim\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tLeff, Dan \nSent:\tTuesday, November 20, 2001 8:19 AM\nTo:\tHughes, Evan; Steffes, James D.\nSubject:\tPerformance / Surety Bonds\n\nJim / Evan - \n\nAs you are probably aware, the performance and surety bond market is difficult for us to navigate in and around in our current situation. ", " As an example, EFS has been shut out of getting access to new bid and performance / payments bonds for its business that requires these. ", " We are addressing this with the bonding companies now. ", " All of their existing bonds are in place and in force.", "\n\nIn light of this, I wanted to make sure that we are absolutely current in all aspects of all bonding requirements with UDC's and LDC's.", "\n\nPlease send me the most current copy of your matrix that illustrates where we have existing bonds in place, what drives the capacity requirements, status, renewal / expiration date, current payment status, etc. ", " I would like to make sure that we are all clear on how these work, what triggers increases / decreases in capacity, and other issues impacting our ability to continue to flow electricity and natural gas to our clients.", "\n\nThanks - Dan" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Enron Emails" }

[ 0.0005878207739442587, 0.0008968221955001354, 0.0006193919107317924, 0.0005889491294510663, 0.0006292249308899045, 0.0011695781722664833, 0.0005901409895159304, 0.0006365320296026766, 0.0005452976329252124, 0.0006040101288817823, 0.0006347204325720668, 0.0006046845810487866, 0.0006583199719898403, 0.0005851335590705276, 0.0005766073591075838, 0.00070902582956478, 0.0006611169083043933, 0.0006179084302857518, 0.0006541081238538027, 0.0005890874890610576, 0.0006497471476905048, 0.0005676280707120895, 0.0005474010249599814, 0.0006291988538578153, 0.000582328881137073, 0.0009276337223127484, 0.0005763625958934426, 0.0006931154639460146, 0.0006015503313392401, 0.0007349597290158272, 0.0006128285313025117, 0.000534334743861109, 0.0006091269897297025, 0.0005741083878092468, 0.0005543924635276198, 0.0006458225543610752, 0.0006075192359276116, 0.0006271169404499233, 0.0006231361185200512, 0.0005615700501948595, 0.0006185241509228945, 0.0007681589922867715, 0.0005305148079060018, 0.0005952056380920112, 0.0005196772399358451, 0.0005249662790447474, 0.0005264106439426541, 0.0006442720768973231 ]

[ "As is well known, termites, carpenter ants, and other wood eating insects annually cause hundreds of millions of dollars in damage to homes and similar buildings. ", "Fleas and ticks similarly cause injury to pets, working animals such as hunting dogs, livestock, and humans. ", "Insects such as roaches and houseflies, while not causing direct damage, are considered to be disease carriers. ", "For these and other reasons the total exclusion of insects from residences and similar buildings is considered to be highly desirable.", "\nHeretofore insect control has generally been accomplished by spraying or otherwise applying insecticides and similar chemical agents in and around the building to be protected. ", "Termites and similar insects are sometimes controlled by applying chemical agents beneath the surface of the soil surrounding free standing buildings such as homes, and the like. ", "However, notwithstanding numerous advances in the art of insect control over the years, insects continue to cause substantial problems for owners and occupants of homes and similar buildings. ", "Thus, the need exists for still further improvements in the art.", "\nAs is also well known, the presence of microorganisms within homes and other buildings can lead to serious problems. ", "For example, over the past several years damage caused by black mold has resulted in millions of dollars in insurance claims. ", "Prior to the present invention there has not been an effective means of preventing the entry of microorganisms into buildings.", "\nIn accordance with the broader aspects of the present invention, one or more insect and/or microorganism controlling chemical agents are incorporated into plastic film, plastic sheeting, nonwoven fabrics formed from plastic materials, woven fabrics formed from plastic materials, and other plastic materials. ", "The plastic materials having the insect and/or microorganism controlling chemical agents contained therein are then used in the construction and maintenance of homes and similar buildings. ", "For example, plastic material having insect and/or microorganism controlling chemical agents contained therein can be utilized as a vapor barrier between the foundation of the building and the structure constructed thereon. ", "Plastic material having insect and/or microorganism controlling agents contained therein can also be used as a wrap surrounding the exterior walls of the building. ", "Plastic material having insect and/or microorganism controlling agents contained therein can also be used within the interior of the building for applications such as flooring materials, wall coverings, insulation materials, etc. ", "Plastic material having insect and/or microorganism controlling agents contained therein may also be deployed as a wrap around the insulation batts that are installed in the building.", "\nIn accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, plastic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, etc. ", "are doped with the insect controlling chemical agent Fipronil, the chemical formula for which is 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4-[(1,R,S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1-H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile and are thereby rendered insecticidal. ", "The insect controlling chemical agent is preferably added to the resin which is utilized in the manufacture of plastic building materials prior to the manufacturing steps which are employed to convert the resin into the desired plastic product. ", "Subsequently, the plastic material having the insect controlling chemical agent contained therein is utilized in the construction and maintenance of homes and similar buildings. ", "When properly employed, the insect controlling plastic materials of the present invention can be successful in totally excluding insects from homes and similar buildings.", "\nIn accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, plastic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, etc. ", "are doped with the insect controlling chemical agent sold by Techmer PM, LLC under the designation PM 12211E63 and are thereby rendered insecticidal. ", "The insect controlling chemical agent is preferably added to the resin which is utilized in the manufacture of plastic building materials prior to the manufacturing steps which are employed to convert the resin into the desired plastic product. ", "Subsequently, the plastic material having the insect controlling chemical agent contained therein is utilized in the construction and maintenance of homes and similar buildings. ", "When properly employed, the insect controlling plastic materials of the present invention can be successful in totally excluding insects from homes and similar buildings.", "\nIn accordance with a third embodiment of the invention, plastic materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, etc. ", "are doped with the microorganism controlling chemical agent sold by Techmer PM, LLC under the designation PM 12224E63 and are thereby rendered antimicrobial. ", "The microorganism controlling chemical agent is preferably added to the resin which is utilized in the manufacture of plastic building materials prior to the manufacturing steps which are employed to convert the resin into the desired plastic product. ", "Subsequently, the plastic material having the microorganism controlling chemical agent contained therein is utilized in the construction and maintenance of homes and similar buildings. ", "When properly employed, the microorganism controlling plastic materials of the present invention can be successful in totally preventing damage to homes and similar buildings due to black mold and other microorganisms." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

[ 0.0075747244991362095, 0.015726514160633087, 0.0007420894107781351, 0.0006455372786149383, 0.0006652938318438828, 0.0011313644936308265, 0.0006431800429709256, 0.0006017879932187498, 0.0007205388974398375, 0.0007810918032191694, 0.0007229858310893178, 0.0005913024651817977, 0.0006781629635952413, 0.0006122560589574277, 0.0006190932472236454, 0.0006068957154639065, 0.0006811606581322849, 0.0007406322401948273, 0.0023592698853462934, 0.0005670489044860005, 0.0006178210023790598, 0.0008720596088096499, 0.0007578632212243974, 0.0009737061336636543, 0.0005670489044860005, 0.0006178210023790598, 0.0008720596088096499, 0.0007538052159361541, 0.0008341537904925644, 0.0005617292481474578, 0.0006012410740368068, 0.001030591083690524 ]

[ "It was set up to help vulnerable people in the city and reduce street begging and the money has been divided between Winchester Churches Nightshelter, Trinity Winchester and the Salvation Army.", "\n\nEmma Shotter, crime reduction manager at Winchester BID, said: “No matter how small the donation, it all adds up. ", "The donations could provide a much needed hot cooked meal or basic essentials like toiletries, something that we all take for granted. ", "On behalf of the three charities I would like to thank everyone for their continued support.”", "\n\nShare article\n\nThe scheme also received more than £200 during Poverty & Homelessness Action week earlier this year, along with blankets and electrical goods.", "\n\nIpsoregulated\n\nThis website and associated newspapers adhere to the Independent Press Standardards Organisations's Editors' Code of Practice. ", "If you have a compaint about editorial content which relates to inaccuracy or intrusion, then please contact the editor here. ", "If you are dissatisfied with the response provided you can contact IPSO here" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.0007741735316812992, 0.0006328744348138571, 0.0010115046752616763, 0.000509655917994678, 0.0005585762555710971, 0.0006238371133804321, 0.0005698864697478712, 0.0013775653205811977 ]

[ "Eulepte vogli\n\nEulepte vogli is a moth in the family Crambidae. ", "It was described by Hans Georg Amsel in 1956. ", "It is found in Venezuela.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Moths described in 1956\nCategory:Spilomelinae\nCategory:Moths of South America" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.007599436677992344, 0.0006965239299461246, 0.0006865115137770772, 0.0005919091636314988 ]

[ "Benidorm Stag Party\n\nSo you’re thinking of heading abroad for your Stag Party? ", "Why not head away on a Benidorm Stag Party? ", "We’ve got a package for Benidorm, so let’s talk a little about it!", "\n\nHave you thought about a Benidorm Stag Party in Spain? ", "There is no doubt that your Stag will have some craic here! ", "One of Spain’s hot spots for fun, craic and a good laugh The city has everything a Stag Party needs, but most of all it has a fun and energetic atmosphere!", "\n\nSo each and every one of our packages are tailor made to each groups individual needs. ", "When it comes to accommodation we can organise anything from self-catering to hotels, and all will be located in the centre of Benidorm. ", "The central location will also make things a lot easier for your Stag Party as everything will be nearby.", "\n\nWith plenty of activity options available like a Jeep Safari, a trip to the Theme Park, a Catamaran Cruise, Quad Biking and many more, you’ll have a lot of choice for what to do in Benidorm. ", "So lads, email us today on info@stagparty.ie and we’ll send you a full list of available activities.", "\n\nMaybe you just simply want to chill by the pool? ", "Or maybe the beach or by the bar while taking in some sun and heat. ", "Because how often do you get to chill in the sun with the beer? ", "Definitely not often enough in Ireland! ", "So this is another option for you to do on a Benidorm Stag Party!", "\n\nSo what are you waiting for lads? ", "Book with us today!", "\n\nFinally, contact us today for more information about a Benidorm Stag Party!", "\n\nSo for more information on the city of Benidorm or maybe on the above activities, check out our website and follow us onFacebook." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

[ 0.09107207506895065, 0.08190436661243439, 0.000660428311675787, 0.004992740694433451, 0.3788755536079407, 0.005892590619623661, 0.0005796719342470169, 0.0005371327861212194, 0.030348138883709908, 0.0005407417193055153, 0.0010575242340564728, 0.0007944116368889809, 0.0007755358819849789, 0.0011587776243686676, 0.0007437500753439963, 0.08208973705768585, 0.0015528853982686996, 0.002081191400066018, 0.005782932508736849, 0.0005820933729410172 ]