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tomekkorbak

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detoxify-pile-chunk3-500000-550000

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[ "Q:\n\nValueError: can only convert an array of size 1 to a Python scalar for Numpy Select\n\nnewX and breaks are numpy ndarray of shape (24000L,) and (7L,) respectively. ", "newX is within range of (0,9). ", "yvals is a lookup table based on breaks segmented into 10000 (nsegs) samples called xvals(not used here). ", "\ndeltaX=(breaks[-1]-breaks[0])/nsegs\nxvals=[x+i*deltaX for i in range(nsegs+1)]\n\nBoth breaks and yvals are monotonically increasing. ", "Basically, I want yvals[0] to be returned when newX value is less than the breaks[0], and yvals[-1] when newX value is higher than breaks[-1]. ", "For other values I want it to generate an index for yvals corresponding to a point closest to xval (an example is shown below)\nWhen I do the following:\ncondlist=[newX<=breaks[0] , newX < breaks[-1] , newX >= breaks[-1]]\nchoicelist=[yvals[0] , yvals[((newX-breaks[0]))/deltax.astype(int).item()] , yvals[-1]]\nans = np.select(condlist,choicelist)\n\nI get the error in the choicelist line - \n\nValueError: can only convert an array of size 1 to a Python scalar\n\nHow can I fix this?", "\n\nA:\n\nNo need for numpy.select here, your goal can be simply stated\nchoicelist = yVals[ix]\n\nwhere ix is an array of indices to be computed. ", "What I see is newX being transformed linearly, rounded to integers, and clipped so that indices do not go beyond the range 0...len(yVals)-1. ", "All this is expressed by \nix = np.clip(np.around((newX-breaks[0])/deltax).astype(int), 0, len(yVals)-1)\n\nwhere \n\nnp.around((newX-breaks[0])/deltax) rounds the result of computation to nearest integer. ", "Without the rounding .astype(int) would floor it, which is less desirable.", "\nnp.clip(..., 0, len(yVals)-1) clips the results so that all indices are valid.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "[Portasystemic shunt--our twenty years experience].", "\nIt was the aim of this study to demonstrate our experiences over twenty years with portasystemic shunt surgery in patients with chronic liver disease and variceal bleeding. ", "From January 1 st, 1980 to December 31 st, 2000 we performed 90 portasystemic shunt operations (PSO). ", "The patients were divided in two groups. ", "The patients of the first group were operated upon between 1980-1988 (n = 58), patients of the second group (n = 32) between 1988-1998. ", "Both groups did not differ in age, gender and cause of hepatic disease. ", "In the first group the most performed type of shunt was the portacaval shunt, in group II the splenorenal shunt. ", "We observed an improved early and late mortality rate, encephalopathy rate and reduction of recurrent variceal bleeding in the second group: the early mortality rate decreased from 16 to 9 % (p < 0.01), the late mortality rate from 35 to 6 % (p < 0.05), the encephalopathy rate from 43 to 12 % and the variceal rebleeding rate from 10 to 6 %. ", "Selective shunts, such as the distal splenorenal shunt are significantly superior to the standard (end-to-side or side-to-side) portasystemic shunt. ", "In countries where acute treatment of recurrent variceal hemorrhage with sclerotherapy is not available in remote areas or in countries where transplantation procedures are in the very beginning and where TIPPS operations are too expensive, portasystemic shunt operations are the only possibility to save the patients life when sclerotherapy fails." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "“What happens to the child that needs his medicine on a day that the nurse is not there?” ", "queried Rabbi Avi Schnall in his testimony before the New Jersey State Assembly Budget Committee in Trenton on March 27th. “", "He is forced to stay home. ", "What happens to a child that has an allergic reaction on a day that the nurse is not there? ", "These are the scary realities which many of our schools deal with.”", "\n\nRabbi Schnall, Agudath Israel of America’s New Jersey director, emphasized the need to allocate additional funding for nursing services in nonpublic schools throughout the Garden State.", "\n\nThe latest budget introduced by Governor Phil Murphy includes a $97 per child allowance for nursing services. ", "That amount, the same as allocated last year, has left many schools unable to employ a full time registered nurse, creating significant problems for students who need medication during the school day.", "\n\nNew Jersey began allocating funding for nurses in nonpublic schools in 1991 at a rate of $60 per child. ", "Over the past 28 years, salaries have increased at a far greater pace than nonpublic school nursing allocations, leaving some schools only able to afford part-time nursing care. ", "State requirements that schools stock drugs including EpiPens and Narcan place a further financial burden on academic institutions.", "\n\nThe Agudah will continue advocating for New Jersey’s nonpublic school children in the coming weeks, asking the committee to increase funding to $125 per child. ", "Soon to be released action alerts will ask parents to contact their elected officials to request that more funds be allocated for nonpublic school nursing.", "\n\n“We are getting less value for our nursing funding now than when this first began nearly three decades ago,” said Rabbi Schnall. “", "No child should ever be told that they cannot come to school because they have an allergy and there is no nurse to care for them.”", "\n\n(AP)" ]

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[ "Something He Needs\n\nSummary: This is in response to the challenge set forth by SciNut to continue the conversation that was cut short at the end of \"Never Again.\" ", "It's written from Mulder's perspective. ", "Needless to say, it involves fourth season spoilers.----------\n\nF.B.I. Headquarters Thursday, February 6, 1997 8:15 a.m.\n\nMulder stared at his reflection in the mirror as he dried the water from his face and hands with several paper towels. ", "Drops of water still clung to the ends of his bangs, and he smoothed them back away from his face. ", "He was feeling so many emotions right now. ", "There was a part of him that had wanted to grab his partner by the arms, shake her like a rag doll and scream at her until she told him what the hell was going on. ", "There was a jealous part of him lurking just beneath his cavalier attitude that did more than just cringe at the thought of Scully being with another man. ", "The fact that the guy turned out to be homicidal as well....\n\nMulder leaned weakly against the tile wall next to the sink and closed his eyes, pained at the thought. ", "God, she could have been killed. ", "How many times does that make now? ", "A dozen or more? ", "He should never have let her go off on her own, not in the frame of mind she was in. ", "He knew something was wrong. ", "He *knew* it. ", "Ever since the Leonard Betts case, Scully had become quiet and withdrawn. ", "It had been a tough case, certainly one of the oddest. ", "But Mulder had seen his partner bounce back from worse. ", "Her being attacked by Donnie Pfaster seemed the most shattering. ", "She actually sought out counseling after that one. ", "She told him about it a year later when she was trying to talk him into seeing the same shrink after the infamous \"Gargoyles\" incident.", "\n\nBut this time was different. ", "There didn't seem to be any bouncing back in the program. ", "In truth, things seemed to be getting worse. ", "On their way back home from Pittsburgh that night, he could tell Scully was in a faraway place where he was not invited. ", "He asked a couple of times if she was all right and she answered him with, \"I'm fine, Mulder. ", "Just tired.\" ", "He felt that she simply needed time to wrestle with her own emotions and put the demons to bed herself. ", "He offered a reassuring squeeze of her hand and a tender smile that conveyed his willingness to be there for her. ", "She accepted both sedately at the time, but quickly turned inwardly after that, and that's where she's been ever since.", "\n\nHe had tried the nice approach in the beginning, nearly tiptoeing around her, speaking softly, offering a caring ear and keeping a free shoulder to cry on at the ready, but those tactics didn't work. ", "She withdrew even more. ", "So he tried the business as usual approach, pretending nothing was wrong, hoping that a new case might take her mind off her problems and spark her back to life. ", "He came up with something he felt was relatively simple. ", "Nothing that would put her life in danger, so he thought. ", "He had the wayward idea that if he dropped the whole case in her lap and took a few days vacation, that she would be too busy with work for self-absorption. ", "She would know how much this new alien sighting would mean to him and she would go out of her way to secure all the information he requested.", "\n\nHe glared up at the discolored ceiling panel and wondered how could someone with his intelligence come up with such a stupid plan? ", "He had been desperate. ", "He had been grasping at straws. ", "When he looked into those lost pools of aquamarine, he had the sinking feeling that he was losing her; that she had finally gotten enough of running behind him like a faithful puppy on a leash. ", "He thought by giving her some time alone, she might be able to get herself back on track. ", "How was he to know that she'd grab the first thing in pants that came along, or that she'd get herself a tattoo to mark the occasion?", "\n\nA *tattoo* of all things. ", "He wouldn't have believed it if he hadn't seen it with his own eyes. ", "She briefly let him examine it as part of the investigation on Edward Jerse. ", "When she held opened the back of her hospital gown, he had thought he'd find something delicate like a tiny red rose or a butterfly. ", "What he found instead only further shocked and confused him. ", "After he got a look at her new symbol of individuality, she closed her gown again and with her eyes alone, dared him to pass judgment. ", "He didn't know what to say to her then, and he still didn't know now.", "\n\nHe began a slow pace from one end of the bathroom to the other. ", "He hadn't meant to be so snippy with her, this being her first day back to work. ", "He was more angry at himself for leaving her on her own when it was obvious that she was emotionally traumatized. ", "But he was angry at her as well for shutting him out of her life. ", "He was angry at her for turning to a total stranger for comforting when she had him ready and waiting. ", "Didn't she know that? ", "Didn't she know that she was the most important person in his life?", "\n\nPerhaps not. ", "He had never told her so, although he had come uncomfortably close to telling her not ten minutes ago back in the office. ", "He'd almost said the words after she told him that this was *her* life, as if her actions or her mere existence didn't affect him deeply. ", "He almost blurted out that her life wasn't just *her* life, but that it was *his* life too. ", "He stopped himself before all the words had been formed, unsure why he felt the need to hold his tongue and shield his true feelings about his partner. ", "He saw the expectant look in her eyes, waiting for him to complete the sentence he had begun. ", "And he had almost done it. ", "Almost. ", "But his own inadequacies and insecurities leapt to the forefront and he chickened out, pure and simple. ", "After a moment of unbearable silence, he quickly excused himself from her presence and bolted for the men's room.", "\n\nHe had to go back now. ", "He had to face her, to try to come to some understanding once and for all. ", "It wasn't healthy letting this wall continue to build between them. ", "If she wanted out, wanted to get away from him and his basement office with no desk for her, so be it. ", "He wouldn't stand in her way. ", "He'd let her know that there were no hard feelings, that he would still be her friend and he'd always be just a phone call away.", "\n\nMulder stood in front of the mirror once more and straightened his tie. ", "He smoothed back a wayward lock of hair and told himself that he was ready for anything. ", "He stepped out of the men's room and walked briskly down the hall back to his office. ", "With his hand on the doorknob, he paused a few seconds to take in a couple of deep, preparatory breaths. ", "Finally, he threw open the door and strolled casually inside.", "\n\n\"Good, you're still here,\" he said upon seeing Scully pretending to read the file he had left on his desk.", "\n\nShe shrugged lazily. \"", "Where would I go?\"", "\n\n\"I don't know. ", "The local tattoo parlor maybe?\" ", "Dammit, he was doing it again. ", "He rebuked himself silently as he stopped in his tracks two feet away from the desk. \"", "I'm sorry,\" he apologized. \"", "My humor indicator has been seriously out of whack lately.\"", "\n\nWith an almost imperceptible nod of her head, she seemed to acknowledge his apology. ", "Mulder abandoned the thought of sitting behind his desk again. ", "Instead, he chose the chair that was adjacent to Scully. ", "Before sitting down, he reached beneath her chair and turned it and her to face him. ", "He sat down directly in front of her, and sandwiched her right hand between both of his.", "\n\n\"Talk to me, Scully. ", "Tell me what's wrong.\"", "\n\nShe shook her head pathetically. \"", "Mulder... I've just got a lot of things on my mind. ", "I appreciate your concern, but there's really nothing that you can do to help.\"", "\n\n\"I can listen. ", "I know I don't display that particular skill very often, but give me shot, okay? ", "I bet I'll surprise you.\"", "\n\nHe waited a moment, but his partner remained silent, seemingly mesmerized by his hands encasing hers.", "\n\n\"Scully, if you don't think you can handle working the X-File cases anymore, I'll understand. ", "If you want to leave this crummy basement office and everything that goes with it to go out and get yourself a life, I... I won't stand in your way.\"", "\n\nShe laughed. ", "Not a comical, feel good laugh, but an anguished chuckle that was only an eyelash away from tears.", "\n\n\"What?\" ", "Mulder questioned.", "\n\n\"I'd *love* to get a life, Mulder,\" she told him quietly. \"", "Preferably someone else's. ", "But this is the one I've been dealt. ", "My life can fit in the back corner of your office, in the outline of your shadow... in a file folder. ", "What does it matter?\"", "\n\nMulder searched her eyes for some kind of insight into her thoughts but she had put up a shield against such an intrusion. ", "She was focused inwardly now, her body inches away from him, but her mind in a distant land. '", "Please, Scully,' his brain was screaming out, 'tell me what it is so I can help you.'", "\n\nHe glanced about at their surroundings. ", "The posters, books, photographs, newspaper clippings, souvenirs, toys and whatnots all belonged to him. ", "Four years and Scully had never staked claim to any area in the room and personalized it for herself. ", "A flowery coffee mug with her name on it was her only contribution to the cluttered chaos. ", "Another desk *could* be added if he got rid of some of the useless junk he'd collected over the years. ", "Adding her name on the door would be a nice gesture too. ", "Why hadn't he thought of it before? \"", "What does it matter?\" ", "Her final words loomed loudly in his ears.", "\n\nNo, it wasn't the job, he decided, nor the lack of personal space that was affecting her. ", "The only thing he knew for sure now was that she wasn't simply going to tell him what was wrong. ", "She was waiting for him to figure it out on his own. ", "The problem was that he was too close to her. ", "He couldn't see the forest for all the trees in his line of view. ", "He stared down towards the floor, noticing his right, black loafer dwarfing her left, navy pump. ", "In his mind, he took a step back, thinking of Scully as an impartial file case; a tough, unflappable woman who became noticeably unnerved after subduing a murderer. ", "Granted, Leonard Betts wasn't your average felon, and at the time of his demise -- hopefully his last -- he looked like he had just stepped out of an acid bath. ", "He wasn't necessarily an evil man, merely an individual desperate to survive, and the only way he could survive....\n\nMulder's breath caught in his throat as a new theory to Scully's depression suddenly bolted to the surface. ", "His head jerked upwards as he looked at her. ", "She caught the movement and sat there in a nearly calm state watching him as the little hamster was spinning out of control in his brain.", "\n\n\"Scully... Leonard Betts... did... the reason he attacked you... was it because... you have something he needed?", "\n\nHer eyes closed slowly in relief as if a great burden had just been lifted from her shoulders. ", "Moisture flowed from beneath her lids and trailed down her cheeks.", "\n\n\"Oh, God, Scully, why the hell didn't you tell me?\"", "\n\nShe used her free hand to wipe away the tears, and sniffled as she offered him a smug reply. \"", "That's why they put the \"I\" in FBI, isn't it?\"", "\n\n\"How... how bad is it?\"", "\n\n\"I still have to undergo some more tests. ", "But... I'm already showing symptoms.\"", "\n\nScully shrugged and shook her head. \"", "I wanted to wait until I knew for sure.\"", "\n\nMulder silently dropped to one knee as he moved to embrace her. ", "Her arms slid easily about his torso and her cheek rested wearily upon his shoulder. ", "He squeezed his eyes shut to keep droplets from escaping, managing some degree of success. ", "He knew that the threat of her developing cancer had remained in the back of her mind ever since she met that group of MUFON women in Allentown. ", "They had all been abducted at one time, all had implants placed in the back of their necks, and one by one had become ill. ", "Mulder had wanted to ignore all the similarities between those women and his Scully, because there was only one final conclusion to draw in the end, and he flatly refused to even consider that deathly possibility.", "\n\n\"I'm so afraid, Mulder,\" she whimpered in his ear.", "\n\nHe drew her in tighter and whispered back. \"", "Don't be. ", "We're going to beat this, Scully. ", "We're going to beat it.\" ", "He held her close for a few moments more until her sobs faded and her breathing leveled out. ", "Gradually, he pulled away but didn't stray too far.", "\n\nScully drew in a deep, settling breath, then sat up a little straighter in her chair. ", "As she looked at her partner kneeling before her and holding her left hand, a tiny smile played across her lips. \"", "If you've got a diamond ring in your pocket, Mulder, this could be love.\"", "\n\nMulder was momentarily confused by the comment until he became aware of his Prince Charming-like pose. ", "He pulled his hands away from hers to search through all his pockets. ", "His face lit up blissfully when he came across something in the roomy pocket of his trousers. ", "He grasped her left hand with his right as he prepared to present her with what he had found.", "\n\n\"Must be fate. ", "Scully, would you... like an \"Elvis in Las Vegas\" nail clipper?\"", "\n\nHe placed it in her opened palm and watched as the tiny smile stretched and grew wider.", "\n\nMulder raised up from the floor and slid back into the chair across from her. ", "Leaning forward, his voice returned to a more serious tone. \"", "I want to go with you when you go for your tests,\" he told her.", "\n\n\"That's not necessary,\" she replied, shaking her head lightly.", "\n\n\"I *want* to be there for you, Scully. ", "I don't want you going through this alone.\"", "\n\n\"I uh... I have an appointment tomorrow at ten-thirty for a M.R.I. brain scan.\"", "\n\nShe saw an ocean of fear flicker across his face, but for her benefit, he kept his verbal apprehensions to himself. \"", "Would you like to take today off?\"", "\n\n\"No, I'm... I'm feeling better now. ", "I'd rather work.\"", "\n\nMulder had no intentions of trying further to talk her into leaving. ", "He wanted her where he could keep an eye on her. ", "He gave her one reassuring pat on the shoulder as he stood up and headed back for his chair behind the desk. ", "This time when she picked up the file folder for their new case, she actually showed some interest in it. '", "Please let her be all right,' he sent out a silent prayer to any divine entity with the power to answer it." ]

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[ "It was\nfunny how things can change depending on your surroundings. ", "When\naround their classmates and opulent members of their society,\nwho attend festive events to soak in each other's wealth and\nbrown-nose anyone who had the potential of becoming a beneficial\nasset, they put their walls up. ", "They watched the foolishly vivacious\ngroup below them, cringing at the raucous of false-chuckles\nfilling the room. ", "It was always fake. ", "A façade all aristocrats\nput up, including themselves. ", "When they were introduced to young\nwealthy girls, the two pasted charming grins on and greeted the women\naccordingly. ", "When the aforementioned girl would attempt to get to\nknow either of them, they would disclose nothing. ", "The girl had\nalready been repudiated. ", "She never stood a chance. ", "No one did.", "\nThey always played malicious mind games to push the unworthy\naway, leaving them again in their own world, just the way they liked\nit.", "\n\nIn their world, every\nwall came down, no masks, no acts. ", "There was nothing they could hide\nfrom each other when they were alone. ", "It was their own private haven.", "\n\nUnable to bear the\nparty and its guests any longer, the older boy nudged the other.", "\n\n\"Hikaru?\" ", "the\nyounger blinked up at him in question.", "\n\n\"Let's go outside,\nyeah? ", "This place is so boring, it might rub off on us.\" ", "He said\nwith a light grin, reaching for Kaoru's hand in a perfunctory\nmanner, despite anyone who would see. ", "Hikaru prudently lead to\nthe exit of the manor, Kaoru having no choice but to follow, not that\nhe would have gone with another option anyway.", "\n\nThe sounds of\naristocracy began to fade into nothing as they made their way to the\ngardens, the moment making Kaoru's heart race, getting a thrill out\nof the thought that they were running like fugitives to a place of\nacceptance. ", "Kaoru subconsciously tightened his hold on Hikaru's\nhand, sending a short jolt of electricity up his arms and a swarm of\nbutterflies to his stomach.", "\n\nThey soon reached a\nlarge fountain, and after looking it over, decided it was a valid\nspot for them to be themselves. ", "Hikaru sat on the edge of the\nfountain, Kaoru shortly following, settling next to him and resting\nhis head on the older boy's shoulder. ", "Hikaru reached for Kaoru's\nhand and linked their fingers, sitting in silence. ", "The younger boy\nallowed a ghost of a smile to grace his features, comfortable in\ntheir bubble of peace.", "\n\n\"Kaoru..?\"", "\n\n\"Hmm?\" ", "the\naforementioned boy looked up in question at his best friend.", "\n\n\"Mom has started\ntalking to me about marriage…\" he said quietly, looking back into\nhazel, almost golden, eyes. ", "Kaoru nodded, the smile from before\ncovered a small amount of contrition.", "\n\n\"Yeah…me too. ", "She\nwants me to marry into a family that'll benefit us. ", "I don't think\nshe's found one yet though.\" ", "He replied solemnly. ", "Hikaru's grip\ntightened on Kaoru's hand, a daunted look crossing his face.", "\n\n\"Kaoru, what if…\"\nhe began, but couldn't continue. ", "He instead looked away from the\nface before him in vulnerability, his hand shaking a bit in fear\nwhile clasping the other boy's.", "\n\nKaoru shook his head,\nalready knowing what his companion wanted to ask, running his thumb\nover the back of Hikaru's hand in a placating manner.", "\n\n\"We can't worry\nabout that right now. ", "When we started all this we knew that was going\nto happen eventually, didn't we?\"", "\n\n\"Well, that's crap\nif you ask me!\" ", "Hikaru spat, suddenly standing up and clenching his\nfist.", "\n\n\"Hika—\"\n\n\"Kaoru, why can't\nyou and I be together?\" ", "he said capriciously, already aware\nof the answer. ", "Kaoru looked at him, smiling sadly at the older boy.", "\n\n\"Because…our love\nstyle isn't acceptable.\"", "\n\nHikaru's eyes widened\nin shock, as if this was the first time this information had been\ndisclosed to him. ", "His face softened as he approached Kaoru, cupping\nhis face with both hands and looking into those amazing golden eyes.", "\n\n\"…But that isn't\nfair..\"\n\n\"Life isn't fair.", "\nThat's just the way things go.\" ", "Kaoru replied in a gentle\nhalf-whisper, leaning into the warmth emitted by Hikaru's hand,\nplacing his own hand over it. ", "Hikaru leaned forward, brushing his\nlips against Kaoru's in a chaste kiss. ", "He just couldn't\nunderstand it. ", "Why were they forbidden? ", "Why is it that the one person\nwho could read him like an open book and understand everything he did\nwasn't allowed to love him? ", "Because they were too much alike\nphysically? ", "Who decided what kind of love was acceptable or not? ", "Who—\n\n\"HIKARU!!\"", "\n\nThe two boys suddenly\npulled apart, jumping back from each other. ", "Hikaru looked for the\nsource of the voice, sighing in relief to find that his mother had\ncalled from further away, unable to see the boys' exchange from her\nposition.", "\n\n\"You should go.\"", "\nKaoru stated, looking away from the person he had just been showing\naffection to. ", "Hikaru nodded.", "\n\n\"Yeah. ", "Catch you\nlater?\"", "\n\n\"Yeah. ", "See you\"\nKaoru waved slightly, watching as his most important person trotted\nover to his mother. ", "And so their time together was over, he thought\nto himself, brushing a finger across his lips. ", "It was always like\nthat. ", "A fleeting, ephemeral moment in time for the two of\nthem. ", "He couldn't complain. ", "Those moments were to be cherished, for\nthey were lucky to have any in a world where you are always being\nwatched by nosy aristocrats.", "\n\n\"Hikaru! ", "There you\nare. ", "Come, there's this young lady I want you to meet. ", "She's the\ndaughter of…\"\n\nEnd.", "\n\nThe author would like to thank you for your continued support. ", "Your review has been posted." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "Subcellular distribution of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding sites in Tetrahymena pyriformis.", "\nThe subcellular distribution of calmodulin and particulate calmodulin-binding activity was studied in a eukaryotic protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1. ", "The particulate calmodulin-binding activity was found to be localized principally in microsomes and to some extent in cilia and surface membranes called pellicles. ", "Nearly all (93%) of the total amount of calmodulin was recovered in two soluble compartments, the ciliary and postmicrosomal supernatant fractions." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

[ 0.0006517106085084379, 0.0006596501334570348, 0.0007598080555908382, 0.0006926181958988309 ]

[ "Etymosphaerion\n\nEtymosphaerion unicolor is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Etymosphaerion.", "\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Elaphidiini" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

[ 0.0023645227774977684, 0.0007109538419172168 ]

[ "Q:\n\nView/undo a Hg commit?", "\n\nHow do I view commits that are about to be pushed?", "\nI'd made a local commit. ", "Pull a change. ", "And no it requires a merge.", "\nI prefer not to merge and would like to undo the commit,\nPull,\nUpdate changes,\nThen commit again.", "\n\nHow do I do it since rollback only undo the last command which is pull?", "\n\nA:\n\nThat's really the way Mercurial works, and you shouldnt fight it in the name of a straight linear history, but there are tools that can edit history. ", " Enable the rebase extension and just run hg rebase after your pull. ", "It will move your local commit to the tip automatically in the simple case you described.", "\n\nA:\n\nHow do I view commits that are about to be pushed?", "\n\nUse hg outgoing. ", "That shows what hg push would have sent to the server. ", "The opposite command is hg incoming, which shows what hg pull would have retrieved.", "\n\nI'd made a local commit. ", "Pull a change. ", "And no it requires a merge. ", "I prefer not to merge and would like to undo the commit, Pull, Update changes, Then commit again.", "\n\nLike Mark says, you're looking for the rebase extension. ", "Enable it with\n[extensions]\nrebase =\n\nin your config file and then run\n$ hg pull\n$ hg rebase\n\nto move your local work (this can be multiple changesets, not just a single as in your work around!) ", "on top of the changesets you just pulled down.", "\n\nHow do I do it since rollback only undo the last command which is pull?", "\n\nPlease don't use hg rollback as a general undo mechanism. ", "It's a low-level command that should not be used as much as it is, especially not by new users. ", "The rollback command removes the last transaction from the repository — a transaction in Mercurial is typically the last changeset you made or the last changesets (plural) you pulled into the repository.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "1. ", "Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to a receiving apparatus and method for a Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) system. ", "More particularly, the present invention relates to a receiving apparatus and method for an SC-FDMA system, whereby a multi-path channel is converted into a single path channel, channel compensation is performed in a frequency domain, and a received symbol is processed in a time domain.", "\n2. ", "Description of the Related Art\nA technique for reducing a Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) and ensuring orthogonality between users has recently emerged as an important issue for improving performance in uplink communication. ", "An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) scheme is widely used but has a demerit in that the PAPR is high. ", "In general, the PAPR is problematic when one user uses multiple carriers or multiple codes as in the case of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) scheme. ", "Therefore, in terms of PAPR performance, a method of using a single carrier is preferred. ", "A Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) scheme is a prominent single carrier scheme discussed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).", "\nFIG. ", "1A illustrates a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) receiver in a conventional SC-FDMA system.", "\nThe receiver of FIG. ", "1A includes an N-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor 100, a channel estimator 102, a linear MIMO detector 104, a plurality of Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) units 106-1 to 106-L, and a Forward Error Correction (FEC) decoder 108.", "\nThe N-FFT processor 100 converts a Radio Frequency (RF) signal received through at least one Receive (Rx) antenna into a baseband signal and converts the baseband signal into a frequency-domain signal by performing an FFT operation.", "\nThe channel estimator 102 de-maps respective data symbol signals from subcarriers, wherein the data symbol signals are converted into frequency-domain signals by the FFT unit 100 and estimates respective channels by using pilot signals from among the output signals.", "\nThe linear MIMO detector 104 compensates for the data symbol signals de-mapped from the subcarriers in a frequency domain by using respective channel estimation values estimated by the channel estimator 102. ", "Then, the linear MIMO detector 104 divides the resultant signals into L MIMO layers (e.g., corresponding to the number of flows transmitted from a transmitter) and outputs the signals to the respective IDFT units 106-1 to 106-L. An IDFT size of the IDFT unit 106 varies according to an amount of a resource allocated to each user. ", "The linear MIMO detector 104 may use a Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) scheme.", "\nThe IDFT units 106-1 to 106-L perform an IDFT operation on signals which are output for respective layers separated by the linear MIMO detector 104, and generate soft-out values for decoding.", "\nThe FEC decoder 108 decodes the soft-out values received from the IDFT units 106-1 to 106-L and performs error correction on decoded information bits.", "\nAs described above, when MIMO detection is performed, the linear MIMO receiver can separate the MIMO layers and can generate the soft-out value for decoding by using only a MIMO channel matrix irrespective of a Transmit (Tx) symbol vector. ", "Therefore, in a manner similar to the OFDMA system, the SC-FDMA system also compensates for a channel for each subcarrier in the frequency domain and separates the MIMO layers, and thereafter generates the soft-out values by performing an IDFT operation. ", "However, when the linear MIMO receiver is used in the SC-FDMA system, unlike in the OFDMA system, a Tx signal vector of the frequency domain is first separated and is then subjected to the IDFT operation to generate soft-out values for a Tx symbol vector of a time domain.", "\nMeanwhile, the performance of the linear MIMO receiver is basically inferior to that of a non-linear MIMO receiver. ", "To overcome this problem, a Maximum-Likelihood (ML)-based non-linear MIMO receiver providing excellent performance can be considered for use in the SC-FDMA system.", "\nFIG. ", "1B illustrates a conventional ML-based nonlinear MIMO receiver.", "\nThe receiver of FIG. ", "1B includes an N-FFT processor 101, a channel estimator 102, a plurality of IDFT units 103-1 to 103-NR, an ML MIMO detector 105, and an FEC decoder 107. ", "The N-FFT processor 101, the channel estimator 102, and the FEC decoder 107 are the same as the N-FFT processor 100, the channel estimator 102, and the FEC decoder 108 described in FIG. ", "1A, and thus detailed explanations thereof will be omitted.", "\nThe N-FFT processor 101 converts an RF signal received through at least one Rx antenna into a baseband signal and converts the baseband signal into a frequency-domain signal by performing an FFT operation.", "\nThe IDFT units 103-1 to 103-NR perform an IDFT operation on signals which have undergone the FFT operation and thus convert the signals into time-domain signals. ", "The time-domain signals are output to the ML MIMO detector 105. ", "An IDFT size (i.e., NIDFT) of the IDFT unit 103 varies according to an amount of a resource allocated to each user.", "\nThe channel estimator 102 de-maps respective data symbol signals from subcarriers, wherein the data symbol signals are converted into frequency-domain signals by the FFT unit 101. ", "Then, the channel estimator 102 estimates respective channels by using pilot signals from among the output signals.", "\nUnlike the linear MIMO detector 104 of FIG. ", "1A, the ML MIMO detector 105 determines an ML criterion by using a candidate Tx symbol vector and a channel matrix estimated by the channel estimator 102. ", "The ML criterion for ML-based MIMO reception in the frequency domain of the SF-FDMA system can be expressed by Equation (1) below.", "\n S ^ k = min S k ⁢  R k - H k ⁢ S k  2 = min S 0 , … ⁢ , S N DFT - 1 ⁢  R k - H k ⁢ { ∑ n = 0 N DFT - 1 ⁢ s n ⁢ exp ⁡ ( - j ⁢ 2 ⁢ ⁢ π ⁢ ⁢ nk N DFT ) }  2 [ Eqn . ", " ⁢ 1 ] \nIn Equation (1), Rk denotes an Rx signal vector, Hk denotes a channel matrix, Sk denotes a candidate Tx symbol vector in the frequency domain, NDFT denotes a DFT size, sn denotes a candidate Tx symbol vector in the time domain and k denotes a subcarrier index.", "\nThe FEC decoder 107 decodes soft-out values provided from the ML MIMO detector 105 and performs error correction on the decoded information bits.", "\nReferring to Equation (1) above, in the frequency domain of the SC-FDMA system, the ML criterion has to be determined not for a candidate Tx symbol vector but for a DFT-converted candidate Tx signal vector. ", "Therefore, if the number of Tx streams is equal to the number of Tx antennas and if the same modulation scheme is used in which a size of a signal constellation point is |C|, a computational amount is increased by (|C|Nr)NDFT to obtain a size of a candidate signal vector. ", "In the conventional ML-based MIMO receiver, the candidate signal vector of an OFDMA system has a size of (|C|Nr). ", "In comparison thereto, the candidate signal vector of the SC-FDMA system has a size that increases exponentially with NDFT with respect to complexity of the conventional ML-based MIMO receiver. ", "Disadvantageously, the ML-based MIMO receiver cannot be implemented in practice in the frequency domain of the SC-FDMA system.", "\nIn contrast, when ML-based MIMO reception is achieved in the time domain, the ML criterion for ML-based MIMO reception can be expressed by Equation (2) below.", "\n s ^ n = min s n | s n - d i r , t ⁢  r n - [ ∑ t = 1 N T ⁢ ∑ i = 0 P 1 , t - 1 ⁢ h i 1 , t ⁢ s n - d i 1 , t ⁢ ⁢ … ⁢ ⁢ ∑ t = 1 N T ⁢ ∑ i = 0 P N R , t - 1 ⁢ h i N R , t ⁢ s n - d i N R , t ] T  2 ⁢ [ Eqn . ", " ⁢ 2 ] \nIn Equation (2), rn denotes an nth sample Rx signal vector in the time domain, Sn−dir,t denotes a symbol transmitted through a Tx antenna ‘t’ prior to dir,t samples, Pr,t denotes the number of resolvable multiple paths between the Tx antenna ‘t’ and an Rx antenna ‘r’, hir,t denotes a channel coefficient of an ith path, Ts denotes a sample period, and dir,t denotes a sample unit delay of the ith path.", "\nWhen the ML-based MIMO reception is achieved in the time domain, a delay profile of a multi-path channel may vary depending on a pair of Tx/Rx antennas. ", "Eventually, a 2-dimensional space-time domain equalizer is necessary to compensate for the multi-path channel. ", "Thus, a size of a candidate symbol vector of a current sample decreases to |C|NT. ", "However, since candidate symbol vectors are required for up to\n N s = ∑ r = 1 N s ⁢ ∑ t = 1 N r ⁢ P r , t samples detected previously according to the delay profile of the multi-path channel when the ML criterion is determined, there is a shortcoming in that complexity still increases by (|C|NT)NS. ", "To compensate for such a shortcoming, the ML criterion is determined by limiting the candidate symbol vectors only for W samples existing near the current sample without having to consider all symbols in association with the multi-path delay profile.", "\nIn FIG. ", "1B, the linear MIMO reception scheme is still used to separate signals of multiple users, and the ML reception scheme is additionally considered for the purpose of removing Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) in the time domain. ", "In this case, a MIMO reception performance may still deteriorate since influence on all multiple paths are not considered. ", "A size of a candidate symbol vector required to determine an ML function is (|C|NT)2W+1. ", "Thus, complexity increases exponentially with 2W+1 with respect to |C|NT.", "\nAs described above, when the ML-based MIMO detection is performed in the SC-FDMA system, a candidate Tx symbol vector increases exponentially with a length of IDFT in the frequency domain and a computational amount of an ML criterion increases exponentially with a total sum of multiple paths in the time domain, resulting in difficult implementation." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }

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[ "Shop by Price\n\nPopular Wall Decals\n\nMusical Notes Wall Decals\n\nWhat better way to express your love of music than with our beautifully designed wall decal art? ", "Music wall decals placed in the piano room (or corner) seem to make you hear the music even when the instruments are quiet! ", "Stay \"in tune\" with your guitarist musicians in the family and decorate their space with music note wall decals -- perhaps our Guitar Music Bar Wall Decal on one wall, then paired with a \"born to rock\" wall quote decal on the other wall. ", "Since the music wall decals are customized to your size and color specifications, our sturdy vinyl, easy-to-place, easy-to-remove wall decal art expressions can enhance a small space or a whole wall!", "\n\nSet off a mirror, sliding glass door, or window with a treble clef wall decal or Music Heart Wall Decal -- get creative and dance to the beat inspired by our music wall decals!", "\n\nMusic Bar 2 Wall Decal\n\n$27.00\n\nCompare\n\nMusic Bar Guitar Wall Decal\n\n$29.00\n\nCompare\n\nMusic Bar Wall Decal\n\n$24.00\n\nCompare\n\nMusic Heart Wall Decal\n\n$18.00\n\nCompare\n\nOde to Joy Music Bar Wall Decal\n\n$29.00\n\nCompare\n\nTreble Clef Wall Decal\n\n$16.00\n\nCompare\n\nMusic Monkey Wall Decal\n\n$39.00\n\nCompare\n\nIf you are a music artist or enjoy listening to your iPod or MP3 player, then it is likely that it extends in other areas of your life too. ", "For example, you may have a keychain of small drums or a book that talks about nuances of sound. ", "You can extend your passion for the same by transforming your house into a hub of musical notes. ", "This can be done by applying music note wall decals.", "\n\nMusic wall decals are a great way to express your love for the notes of guitar or piano. ", "You can place it in your musical equipment room, to provide an ambience of impromptu jamming or spending time for creating new tunes. ", "You can also keep it as a statement piece in your bedroom or living room, instead of expensive paintings.", "\n\nThe best part about these wall stickers is that you can always change them over the time, and it will not affect your walls one bit. ", "You can also place them on the windows or glass dividers. ", "Applying and maintaining them is easy too as they are not permanent like paint, but look just as real. ", "Read further to learn of a few music decals for walls that can rock your house.", "\n\nInstrumentsIf you are a musician then this would interest you quite a bit as it involves your favorite instrument. ", "Place a guitar wall decal right in front of your bed or above your dining area for that grand look. ", "Or simply place turn tables and drums near the kitchen or music room and see the effect it provides.", "\n\nNotesMusic note symbols are the best way to show your fervor for the arts. ", "If you are just a music lover then this would work perfectly for you too. ", "In fact, it even shows your taste for the classical or basic elements of music.", "\n\nQuotesKeep quotes or images of your favorite musicians on the walls, and have a chance to admire them and remember their work everytime you enter your home.", "\n\nAt Decalmywall.com we have a whole list of stickers for music lovers. ", "Keep browsing to know more." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAsynchronous return of function in jqgrid\n\nFirst of all sorry for my english,\nI am working with jqgrid. ", "I have a table for manage clients. ", "When I want to add a new client I have an ajax validation in beforeSubmit event to check if client exists on a external system. ", "The first parameter of this function is a boolean (if true, execution of adding a client continues, if false it stops) \nbeforeSubmit: function(postdata, formid) {\n\n var form = formid[0];\n var hostId = $.trim(form.", "HOSTID.value);\n var document = $.trim(form.", "DOCUMENT.value);\n var idMurex = $.trim(form.", "IDMUREX.value);\n\n var success;\n\n processClientData(hostId, document, idMurex).done(function() {\n\n alert('OK');\n success = true;\n\n }).fail(function() {\n\n alert('KO');\n success = false;\n\n });\n\n return[success, '']; \n\n},\n\nThe ajax function returns if client exists or not. ", "If client exists it shows a confirmation dialog for continue or not depending if user is agree with the client information. ", "If client doesn´t exist it show an alert dialog showing an error message.", "\nfunction processClientData(hostId, document, idMurex) {\n\n var def = $.Deferred();\n\n //SERVER RESPONSE IF EXISTS CLIENT\n $.post('/watt/cambio_titularidad', { \n oper: 'datos_cliente', \n hostId: hostId,\n document: document,\n idMurex: idMurex\n },\n function(response){\n\n //CLIENT EXISTS (SHOW CONFIRMATION DIALOG WITH CLIENT INFO)\n if (response.success == true) {\n $(\"#dialog_info_tablas\").dialog({ \n title: \"CLIENT EXISTS\",\n modal: true,\n buttons: {\n \"Ok\": function() {\n $(this).dialog(\"close\");\n def.resolve();\n }\n \"Cancel\": function() {\n $(this).dialog(\"close\");\n def.reject();\n }\n }\n });\n\n //CLIENT DOESN´T EXIST (SHOW ALERT DIALOG WITH ERROR MESSAGE)\n } else {\n $(\"#dialog_info_tablas\").dialog({ \n title: \"CLIENT NOT EXISTS\",\n modal: true,\n buttons: {\n \"Ok\": function() {\n $(this).dialog(\"close\");\n def.reject();\n }\n }\n });\n } \n }, \n \"json\")\n\n return def.promise();\n } \n\nI use Deferred object to try to synchronize ajax call. ", "\nThe issue is that return statement is executed before var success has a correct value. ", "I don´t know how to make it synchronous, I need to delay the return until user click on dialog buttons, thus to continue adding client or not. ", "I tried to put the return statements inside done and fail functions but it didn´t work neither\nCan anyone help me??", "\nThanks in advance\n\nA:\n\nI would suggest you to use error handling inside of form submitting instead of additional server side validation implemented inside of beforeSubmit. ", "The callback beforeSubmit should be better used for client side validations.", "\nIf the submit any data to the server during editing the Ajax request will be sent to the server. ", "The server can validate the input data and return error message. ", "It's important to place any HTTP error code in the server response in the case. ", "You can use errorTextFormat callback of form editing to customize the error message displayed for the user based on the error response returned from the server.", "\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "New Zealand's 1-7 Day Group Itineraries\n\nChoose from a range of 3-7 day New Zealand Group Tour itineraries that will quench your need for a seamlessly organized, premiere travel experience. ", "Itineraries range from high adrenalin adventure to maximum relaxation...\n\nView As\n\nWant the best of elements of North Island mountain-biking and skiing or snow boarding, packing it into 5 days? ", "Two days riding New Zealand's best mountain-bike trails and two days skiing / riding and a day of optional adventure activities in Taupo – this will get your blood pumping. ", "You also have the chance to either ride Craters of the Moon, walk the Tongariro Crossing or skydive/bungy in Taupo.", "\n\nGet amongst some of the finest mountain biking that New Zealand’s North Island has to offer. ", "From the white-knuckle downhills of Rotorua and perfectly flowing single-tracks of Taupo, to the most scenic of backcountry epics near Ohakune, this tour will leave you breathless in more ways than one." ]

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[ "WKSR (AM)\n\nWKSR (1420 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a classic hits format, Licensed to Pulaski, Tennessee, United States, the station is currently owned by Roger Wright through licensee Radio 7 Media, LLC, and features programming from Citadel Media.", "\n\nThe Rocky 1420 branding was replaced by Oldies 1420 KSR as of spring 2010. ", "On March 1, 2018, the station switched from a country music format to classic hits and adopted the branding \"Classic KSR\".", "\n\nPrevious logo\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:Classic hits radio stations in the United States\nKSR (AM)\nCategory:Giles County, Tennessee" ]

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[ "Intralysosomal hydrolysis of cholesterol esters of varying fatty acid composition in cultured human skin fibroblasts.", "\nIntralysosomal accumulation of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ester was achieved during incubation of cultured human skin fibroblasts in the presence of chloroquine and the subsequent hydrolysis of the cholesterol ester was studied after removal of chloroquine. ", "The fall in the ratio of cholesterol linoleate to cholesterol oleate during recovery from chloroquine inhibition suggested preferential hydrolysis of cholesterol linoleate. ", "To verify this assumption, low density lipoprotein (labeled with [3H] cholesterol linoleate, oleate, palmitate or stearate) was sequestered in the lysosomes as described above. ", "The rate of hydrolysis of the different cholesterol esters was determined 24 and 48 h after removal of chloroquine from the medium and was found to be similar for the four cholesterol esters studied. ", "These findings indicate that enrichment in cholesterol oleate in atheromatous lesions does not result from preferential hydrolysis of intralysosomal cholesterol linoleate, but rather could be due to preferential utilization of oleic acid for the esterification in the cytoplasm of free cholesterol released from the lysosomal compartment." ]

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[ "play stop mute unmute max volume repeat\n\n[F4A] Thinking Out Loud [Teasing] [Rambling] [Hold the fap] [Creamy, shaven pussy] [Nipple play] [Beg for me] [Begging] [Pegging] [Futa] [Purring] [Some Tarkgrowls] [A land of a million \"fuck\"s] [Impreg mentions]\n\nRambling and teasing myself while teasing you by talking about what I want this month of No-Fap November." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nReorder within a group\n\nI have the following table containing data about how each group solves problems:\nPROB | GROUP | REPNO | STATUS\n-----+---------+-------+-------\n 1 | Juniors | 0 |\n 1 | Seniors | 1 |\n 1 | Juniors | 2 |\n 1 | Experts | 3 | SOLVED\n 2 | Juniors | 0 |\n 2 | Seniors | 1 | SOLVED\n\nColumn PROB defines problems that groups were solving, column GROUP defines which group was working on this prob, column REPNO defines the number of solving repetition (repeated tries until it was finally solved, 0 means first try, no repetition yet), and final column STATUS defines whether task was solved in that particular try. ", "Here I can make distribution how work was efficiently solved in each repetition by ALL GROUPS (SELECT ... GROUP BY repno).", "\nBut I want to show how efficiently probs were solvved by each particular group (distribution per group's own repetition order). ", "For example, PROB 1 was tried 2 times by group Juniors, and once by group Seniors and was not solved, and finally solved by group Experts in their first try.", "\nSo I need to make recalculation of repetition for each particular group:\nPROB | GROUP | REPNO | REPNO_J | REPNO_S | REPNO_E | STATUS\n-----+---------+-------+---------+---------+---------+-------\n 1 | Juniors | 0 | 0 | | |\n 1 | Seniors | 1 | | 0 | | \n 1 | Juniors | 2 | 1 | | | \n 1 | Experts | 3 | | | 0 | SOLVED <-- experts solved in first try\n 2 | Juniors | 0 | 0 | | |\n 2 | Seniors | 1 | | 0 | | SOLVED <-- seniors solved in first try\n\nHow to make this recalculation?", "\n\nA:\n\nUSE RANK() SQL FIDDLE\nselect \n PROB, \n GROUP1, \n REPNO,\n DECODE(GROUP1,'Juniors', rank() over (partition by prob, group1 order by repno) - 1) as REPNO_J,\n DECODE(GROUP1,'Seniors', rank() over (partition by prob, group1 order by repno) - 1) as REPNO_S,\n DECODE(GROUP1,'Experts', rank() over (partition by prob, group1 order by repno) - 1) as REPNO_E,\n STATUS\nfrom mytable\norder by prob,repno\n\n" ]

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[ "Historically, Berkshire shares have sold modestly below intrinsic business value. ", "With the price there, purchasers could be certain (as long as they did not experience a widening of this discount) that their personal investment experience would at least equal the financial experience of the business. ", "But recently the discount has disappeared, and occasionally a modest premium has prevailed.", "\n\nThe elimination of the discount means that Berkshire's market value increased even faster than business value (which, itself, grew at a pleasing pace). ", "That was good news for any owner holding while that move took place, but it is bad news for the new or prospective owner. ", "If the financial experience of new owners of Berkshire is merely to match the future financial experience of the company, any premium of market value over intrinsic business value that they pay must be maintained.", "\n\nManagement cannot determine market prices, although it can, by its disclosures and policies, encourage rational behavior by market participants. ", "My own preference, as perhaps you'd guess, is for a market price that consistently approximates business value. ", "Given that relationship, all owners prosper precisely as the business prospers during their period of ownership. ", "Wild swings in market prices far above and below business value do not change the final gains for owners in aggregate; in the end, investor gains must equal business gains. ", "But long periods of substantial undervaluation and/or overvaluation will cause the gains of the business to be inequitably distributed among various owners, with the investment result of any given owner largely depending upon how lucky, shrewd, or foolish he happens to be.", "\n\nOver the long term there has been a more consistent relationship between Berkshire's market value and business value than has existed for any other publicly-traded equity with which I am familiar. ", "This is a tribute to you. ", "Because you have been rational, interested, and investment-oriented, the market price for Berkshire stock has almost always been sensible. ", "This unusual result has been achieved by a shareholder group with unusual demographics: virtually all of our shareholders are individuals, not institutions. ", "No other public company our size can claim the same.", "\n\nYou might think that institutions, with their large staffs of highly-paid and experienced investment professionals, would be a force for stability and reason in financial markets. ", "They are not: stocks heavily owned and constantly monitored by institutions have often been among the most inappropriately valued. - ", "Warren Buffett\n\nSome stocks, more than others, obviously tend to attract what John Bogle calls \"rent-a-stock\" oriented speculators instead of long-term owners. ", "All other things being equal, a stock predominantly held by renters will swing far above and below approximate business value more often than a stock dominated by investment-oriented owners.", "\n\nConsider the shareholder demographics of a company like Pepsi (PEP) to that of Salesforce.com (CRM). ", "Which of those two companies would you bet is going to have a larger speculative premium or discount to intrinsic business value at any point in time?*", "\n\nThe fact that the average holding period of stocks is now measured in months instead of years just means the swings above and below business value are likely to be larger than ever." ]

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[ "Creatine is a nutritional supplement that is used for its potential performance enhancing (ergogenic) benefits. ", "It constitutes an important component of the immediate energy system, by which ATP is regenerated during ..." ]

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[ "Gypsy Nash\n\nGypsy Nash (previously Smith) is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away, played by Kimberley Cooper. ", "She debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 18 February 1998. ", "Gypsy and her on-screen family the Nashes were introduced to fill the void of Debra Lawrance's departure as Pippa Ross, to form the main family at the caravan park home, often described as \"the centre of Summer Bay\". ", "Cooper quit the serial in 2001 and last appeared on 15 February 2002. ", "Cooper has won two awards for her portrayal of Gypsy and is often referred to as a \"sex symbol\" of the serial. ", "In June 2011, it was announced that Cooper had reprised her role as Gypsy. ", "She returned on 9 September 2011 and departed on 13 October 2011.", "\n\nCharacter creation and casting\nIn 1997, after Debra Lawrance quit her role as Pippa Ross producers decided to introduce a new family to run the caravan park, because the household was seen as the \"centrepiece of the show\". ", "They created the Nash family consisting of Gypsy played by Cooper, sibling Tom (Graeme Squires) and their parents Natalie and Joel Nash played by Angelica la Bozzetta and David Woodley respectively. ", "The family come to Summer Bay from Hong Kong to start a new life.", "\n\nCooper later spoke fondly of the serial, stating: \"I never look at Home and Away and cringe [...] Unapologetically it's good TV for the time that it is made in.\" ", "In 2009 executive producer Cameron Welsh stated he would love to see Cooper return as Gypsy. ", "In 2010, Zac Drayson who plays Cooper's on-screen husband Will Smith revealed that Cooper wanted to return alongside him, but could not commit to filming because of her wedding commitments.", "\n\nIn June 2011, it was announced that Cooper had reprised her role as Gypsy and had returned to filming in May. Cooper confirmed that Gypsy's return would be \"dramatic, in true Gypsy style\". ", "Gypsy returned with her daughter Lily in September 2011.", "\n\nStorylines\nGypsy arrives in Summer Bay, her father's old home town, with her father Joel, mother Natalie and older brother Tom. ", "She is not used to the quieter pace of life in the bay and prefers the busy environment of a city, having grown up in Hong Kong. ", "While Rollerblading, Gypsy falls down and is helped up by Travis Nash (Nic Testoni), who Joel reveals to be her uncle. ", "She soon learns that Joel and Travis had not spoken since Joel left town after their father, Jack (John Grant), her grandfather behaved inappropriately towards Natalie. ", "Both branches of the Nashes soon reconcile. ", "Vinnie Patterson (Ryan Kwanten) takes an interest in Gypsy but she rebuffs him after learning he is involved with Justine Welles (Bree Desborough). ", "Will Smith catches Gypsy's eye and she purchases dope in order to impress him but the plan backfires when Joel and Travis find in the fridge and Gypsy reports the dealer, Lillian Reynolds (Nitya Gehl) to the school. ", "Gypsy, Justine and Tiegan Brook (Sally Marrett) form a band called the Broken Dolls, managed by Vinnie. ", "After their first performance at a school dance, Gypsy and Will sneak off to a classroom to spend time together and end up trapped in the school for the night. ", "Joel is furious when he finds out and tries to split them up. ", "However, after Joel begins to approve of Will, Gypsy loses interest. ", "They later reunite but split again after Will treats the matter of intimacy casually. ", "Gypsy briefly dates Sam Marshall (Ryan Clark) but does not see him other than a friend.", "\n\nGypsy then begins seeing her tutor Robert Perez (Tony Poli). ", "Nobody is aware that Robert is actually David D'Angelo, a criminal who Joel had imprisoned fifteen years earlier. ", "He kidnaps Gypsy and forces her to record a message, which is sent to the family. ", "Gypsy sneaks in a clue to her location and is rescued. ", "David then sets fire to the house nearly killing the family. ", "Travis saves Gypsy and David is finally arrested. ", "The Nashes move in with Travis and his wife Rebecca (Belinda Emmett) and Gypsy befriends their foster children, Justine and Peta Janossi (Aleetza Wood). ", "Gypsy and Will remain close despite not dating and Gypsy starts seeing Jesse McGregor (Ben Unwin). ", "The age difference worries a few people but her parents cautiously approve. ", "Gypsy, however, soon finds the relationship dull as Jesse is a single father. ", "She meets a man online and agrees to meet him at the surf club only to discover that her secret admirer is Tom, who in turn had no idea he was talking to Gypsy, much to their mutual horror. ", "Mitch McColl (Cameron Welsh) arrives and he and Gypsy date for a while but she backs off when he realises Hayley Smith (Bec Cartwright) likes him. ", "Gypsy later sleeps with Mitch and it causes friction with Hayley and their other friends.", "\n\nWhen Tom takes Alf Stewart's (Ray Meagher) boat out for a rich kid's party, he asks Gypsy to help out. ", "She soon takes a liking to the birthday boy, Charlie Nicholas (Toby Schmitz), and starts dating him, even though she is still seeing Will. ", "She quickly realises Charlie had a drink problem but enjoyed the party lifestyle too much. ", "Gypsy soon sobers up when she discovers Natalie has been an affair with an old friend, Glen Tanner (Craig Elliot), and he is the father of her unborn child. ", "Immediately afterwards, Charlie's drinking involves the pair in a car accident resulting in Charlie's death and Gypsy receiving serious injuries. ", "Gypsy then bonds with Natalie, who like herself is, vilified for an affair and is upset when she and Tom leave the Bay, leaving Gypsy alone with Joel.", "\n\nKieran Fletcher (Spencer McLaren), Sally's fiancé makes advances towards Gypysy and taunts her by saying no-one will believe her. ", "Gypsy remains silent until halfway through the wedding when she announces what has been going on. ", "Hayley and Colleen Smart (Lyn Collingwood) confirm this and Sally jilts Kieran. ", "Joel and Gypsy move back into Joel's old family home with Vinnie. ", "Gypsy then takes a job at the local Drop-in-center and forms a close bond with boss Shelley Sutherland (Paula Forrest) but things are made uncomfortable by the fact that her daughter, Dani (Tammin Sursok) is seeing Will. ", "Gypsy begins seeing Harry Reynolds (Justin Melvey). ", "Charlie's ex, Kirsten (Christa Nicola) makes a hoax call to Gypsy telling her Harry is dead and is arrested as a result. ", "Gypsy and Harry's relationship crumbles when she finds out he still has feeling for Shauna. ", "Gypsy finds herself developing romantic feelings for Shelley. ", "She then goes out with Desiree Upton (Simone Robertson) and shares a kiss and realises she is not a lesbian.", "\n\nGypsy later sleeps with Will and she soon falls pregnant and lies about the baby's paternity but Sally and Tom soon realise the truth. ", "Will eventually realises he is the father and Gypsy considers leaving town but eventually accepts Will has a right to choose to be involved. ", "They reunite after Will and Dani break up and Gypsy moves in with him. ", "She gives birth to a daughter, Lily by the roadside with Will supporting her. ", "Will proposes and Gypsy accepts. ", "After accepting a job in Queensland near Gypsy's family, they have a symbolic wedding ceremony as a marriage license will not be available for four weeks. ", "They later marry legally in Queensland. ", "They later adopt Jesse's Daughter, Rachel (Sarah Mumcu).", "\n\nWhen Will returns to the Bay in 2010, he reveals he had cheated on Gypsy and they have separated. ", "Gypsy returns the following year in 2011 to see Irene, following her breast cancer diagnosis. ", "Gypsy and Lily (Charlie Rose Maclennan) move in with Irene, Bianca Scott (Lisa Gormley) and April Scott (Rhiannon Fish). ", "Gypsy tells Irene she is dating a man named Mark Gilmour (Shane Emmett), but he and Lily do not get on well. ", "Gypsy tries to help care for Irene and she gets on Bianca's nerves. ", "Gypsy is attracted to Liam Murphy (Axle Whitehead) and she organises a gig for him at the restaurant. ", "Mark comes to visit Gypsy and he and Lily clash. ", "Mark later suggests sending Lily to boarding school, but Gypsy disagrees with the idea. ", "She later has sex with Liam on the beach, but they are interrupted by Bianca. ", "Lily tells Mark and he and Gypsy break up. ", "Irene tells Gypsy to leave and she and Lily pack up and go home.", "\n\nReception\nAt the 41st Logie Awards Cooper won the \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" award for her portrayal of Gypsy, she was the first ever recipient of the award. ", "Gypsy's kidnapping was nominated for \"Most Dramatic Storyline\" at the 1999 Inside Soap Awards. ", "The following year, Cooper won an award in the \"Best Aussie actress\" category.", "\n\nIn 2002, Chris Middendorp of The Age said Gypsy was a \"schoolgirl tart\" who dominated the 2000 season of Home and Away as \"she explored romantic opportunity in all the wrong places - rich playboys, schoolboys, older men. ", "She finally embraced true love with young Will, one of her first boyfriends.\" ", "Soap opera reporting website Holy Soap included Gypsy on their list of \"Sexiest Home and Away girls ever\" list. ", "They also brand her most memorable moments as \"being kidnapped and having a baby with Will Smith\". ", "The Courier-Mail include Cooper on their list of sexiest ever Home and Away characters. ", "In his book Super Aussie Soaps, author Andrew Mercado criticised the Nash family because of their Hong Kong origin, stating: \"Was Summer Bay finally turning multicultural and getting an Asian family? ", "Fat Chance. ", "They were middle-class Causasians just like everyone else in the Bay (and Neighbours''' Ramsay Street).\"", "\n\nJon Horsley of Yahoo! ", "was happy that Gypsy was returning to the serial and said \"It’s always nice to have a nostalgic favourite return.\"", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nCharacter profile at the Official Home and Away'' website\n\nCategory:Home and Away characters\nCategory:Television characters introduced in 1998\nCategory:Fictional waiting staff\nCategory:Female characters in television" ]

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[ "I didn’t think it would really work, or that it would last, but damned if it didn’t on both counts. ", "I brought it along, showed it off to my siblings that we were camping with, and my brother asked to use it. ", "Zap, ZAP, it worked. ", "The kids all had to try it. ", "My brother even touched it with his finger only to prove that two AA batteries really make a difference and are strong enough to zap your bare fingers too. ", "He teased and was teased to try it with his tongue, gross (bug guts). ", "The thing with an electric fly zapper is that the object of your annoyance, a flying insect just has to touch those wires while you are pressing down on the button that activates it and ZAP, they are fried! ", "The thing people don’t realize is that you don’t have to swat it like the old-fashioned ones, merely wave it and hope to hit the bug, even marginally will put it down and then you can swat it, ZAP and actually put it out of its misery. ", "You don’t have to bang it on the table or whatever is in the way, you can (and they have) broken the handle because of the things they hit instead of the bugs. ", "After a while I had to replace the batteries, but it took years to have to replace the first and then the second fly zapper from over-zealous children.", "\n\nLast year I was in a store and saw one, these are relatively cheap, for $5. ", "Since they are usually around $7 or various prices (my research shows) I bought one. ", "I’d thrown out the last one, god knows when. ", "I didn’t open it for months from its plastic packaging. ", "It just sat there, looking all shiny.", "\n\nWell, recently I was invaded. ", "I don’t know if they are gnats or fruit flies and I don’t know why except it’s that time of year. ", "I don’t leave out fruit or food, and my garbage is covered so why were they so prevalent? ", "I don’t have pets or a cat pan to attract them either. ", "It was just annoying when they would buzz around my head or straight at me and up my nose. ", "Especially when I’m writing! ", "I knew they had to go! ", "They seemed attracted to my screen on my laptop but I wasn’t swatting at that! ", "So, I unpackaged the shiny new fly zapper and put in two AA batteries.", "\n\nNow, I’m not saying I’m obsessive or anything but, that night, I went hunting. ", "Hitting one of those buggers (pun intended) mid-flight is so satisfying. ", "The ZAP, ZAP really does something for you when you hear it. ", "The sight of an electric charge crackling out like lightening is pretty cool too. ", "Occasionally I got two with one swipe! ", "I swear, that night, I got at least eighteen of them. ", "I knew there had to be more and carried that swatter around even after the hunt. ", "I set up a trap by putting a bucket in the middle of the room that seemed to have the most (for reasons unknown) and they were not in my plants either (for those of you that would suggest they were laying eggs or something-gross). ", "In this bucket I put a banana peel. ", "It worked. ", "Those little guys flocked to it and I must have gotten five of them by holding the zapper over the bucket and shaking it back and forth as they flew out of the bucket and directly into my screen.", "\n\nWhen my girlfriend phoned the next morning, after a night of very little sleep between hunting and work, I said in an Elmer Fudd voice, “Be berry berry qwiet, we are huntin’ bugs!” ", "I don’t think she was awake enough to appreciate my sense of humor.", "\n\nOne day while I was typing away on the computer, out of the corner of my eye I kept seeing one land on my Christmas cactus. ", "Did you know that those fronds will set off the charge too, it was neat! ", "Also, it will kill the ends of plants like spider plants if you zap them into the screen.", "\n\nI’m not proud that I had bugs (gross), but I got rid of them in a funny way. ", "Occasionally I’ll still see one fly by, I think they get through the mosquito screens and are looking for food or something this time of year, but when I do, I bring out my bug zapper! ", "Btw, purely for educational purposes, I researched this and there is a rechargeable version!", "\n\nIf you want more interesting stories than this one, read my books! ", "You can find them by clicking on the artwork below:\n\nI enjoyed ‘Vetted’ so much as it was a well written story of two interesting and strong women. ", "Alyssa had a miserable life with family members who ignored her opinions and expected her to follow the pattern of so many other girls her age and class. ", "She has an interest in animals but has […]\n\nI have a confession…I am a secret Trekkie. ", "No, I don’t go around wearing pointy ears or talking Klingon. ", "No, I have never been to any of the comic-con’s or conventions where you dress up as your favorite character(s). ", "No, I am not a furry either (gross). ", "I have, however, been a fan since the 1970’s of the original Star Trek show, with all of its overly dramatic, overly acted, kitschy kind of ambiance. ", "I can’t tell you how thrilled I was to see The Star Trek Movie come out back on December 6, 1979. ", "It was one of the few things my father and I had in common that we could share, our love of Star Trek, and later our love of Star Wars. ", "Okay, okay, I know there are those who think you shouldn’t mix the two and I’ve committed heresy by mentioning them in the same sentence, however, they all have their good points.", "\n\nI am also a cinephilia, before you all get excited about that word, it means: A person with a passionate interest in cinema is called a cinephile, cinemaphile, or, informally, a moviebuff. ", "I do collect movies and have the complete, original, tv series on VHS. ", "I also collect other movies, including GalaxyQuest, Terminator, ET (of COURSE!), ", "The Martian, The Arrival, The Abyss, Signs, and a host of other quaint and not-so-well-known science fiction movies. ", "I collect a lot of other movies as well, I love romance (no surprise there), but westerns (and I mean REAL ones with John Wayne, Gary Cooper, Jimmy Stewart, Maureen O’Hara, Katherine Hepburn, and other great actors), as well as quirky and out of circulation movies. ", "I have in my collection over 1000 movies, and, as this picture shows you, quite a display of them. ", "Since I took this picture, I have run out of room on these shelves for all my movies, even turning them sideways. ", "About one-third of them now are DVD’s.", "\n\nI never thought I could write a science fiction story. ", "I mean, I write romance. ", "I write murder-mystery. ", "I write action-adventure. ", "I usually write a lot of drama within those genre’s. ", "In 2011, I started a science fiction novel, I thought it would be a novella, but no, there was more to that story than even I anticipated. ", "It would plague me for years as I watched the movies, again and again. ", "Recently I decided to finish it. ", "I won’t tell you what I named it, or even show you the cover I made back then, because, it would defeat the purpose of this blog, and predispose you to the point of the contest. ", "After publishing many Prudence MacLeod novels for Shadoe Publishing, it made me realize, that yes, I CAN write a science-fiction novel, with lesbian characters, and I can make the story believable…thank you Pru for the inspiration!", "\n\nAnd, that’s what we get to now. ", "The point of the contest is your HELP in NAMING my science-fiction debut novel. ", "I have the meat of the story. ", "I have the two lovers who fall in love in space. ", "I have the drama. ", "I even have my synopsis, which reads: While hiking the mountains and deserts of Arizona with her best friend, D.O.G., Ryley Graham hears a whirring noise. ", "Thinking he has cornered a rattlesnake, she rushes to protect him only to be blinded by a light seemingly coming from nowhere and everywhere simultaneously.", "\n\nWaking up 510 years later, she is confused by the technology and ‘people’ that surround her. ", "Skeptical when she is informed she is aboard a spaceship that explores wormholes, it takes a great deal of effort to finally convince her she isn’t in a government-owned facility and isn’t part of some huge experiment or conspiracy.", "\n\nAdjusting to the odd lifeforms that coexist on the ship, Ryley begins to accept that she can never go back to Earth 2015, and begins to contribute her own unique knowledge and skills to their survival. ", "As Ryley makes new friends, one of them begins to stand out….", "\n\nMercédès is half human and half android. ", "She is struggling to understand her human side and the odd feelings she is developing for this Earthwoman.", "\n\nLearning about love, and learning to love will be a huge challenge as Ryley and Mercédès begin to forge a future. ", "What impact will it have when they discover the real reason Ryley was taken in the first place?", "\n\nNow, I need YOUR help in NAMING the book! ", "I have found the artwork that will help me when we are ready to go with this book in say 6-8 weeks, but…I thought I’d ask for help from the readers of fan-fiction who happen to enjoy science-fiction.", "\n\nThe winner of my last contest, Mercedes Lewis (first name only and full inflections of her name) got named in this book, so, I offer not only the possibility of the winner of NAMING this new book a chance to be named in my next book, but, I will send a paperback copy of THIS book ANYWHERE in the world (this world only, all other worlds, galaxies, and planets are excluded from this contest and if you ARE entering from any other worlds, galaxies, and planets please let me know so we can have another conversation, possibly a book deal), and, if you know anything about shipping a book out of this country, that gets expensive…so, put on your thinking caps and come up with a name for my yet, as unnamed, novel and you get to have a signed copy!", "\n\nSomething I would like to mention is yes, one of the main characters Mercédès is half human and half android. ", "No, don’t think Data from The Next Generation or even Seven of Nine from Voyager and certainly not Arnold Schwarzenegger in The Terminator, think Vanessa Williams with machine parts in her beautiful body. (", "If you don’t know who Vanessa Williams is, um, what planet are you from?) ", "With THAT in your fertile imaginations, please help me to get a title for my yet as unnamed novel!", "\n\nThis is how it works:\n\n1) you go to MY blog and SIGN UP (it’s okay if you’re already a follower, you can qualify by signing up with the other participating blogs).", "\n\n2) you go to the other blogs where you read this and SIGN UP (it’s okay if you’re already a follower, we won’t use our stun guns on you). ", "Please, if you aren’t followers of these other blogs, sign up anyway!", "\n\n3) you put in your two-cents about what YOU think the book should be named, based on the synopsis as well as what you would like to see on this cover. (", "Don’t worry, we won’t be reading your minds, you have to type out a response for us to consider). ", "Just COMMENT in the comment section at the bottom of my blog!", "\n\n4) Winner will be informed on the blog, all over social media, and, be named in my next book by being named a character (first name, or both…no financial compensation in any galaxy will be forthcoming for this honor).", "\n\n5) Here is the cover for your inspiration:\n\nGood luck!", "\n\n~K’Anne\n\n]]>https://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/10/03/contest-name-that-book/feed/13kannemeinelMy Living Room9eeb1f10132195f3c7ee1e2e24f93f39--gifted-students-first-day-of-schoolScreen-Shot-2016-12-23-at-9.02.09-AM11956562 - man and machineTaking a Kneehttps://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/26/taking-a-knee/\nhttps://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/26/taking-a-knee/#respondTue, 26 Sep 2017 07:55:20 +0000http://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/26/taking-a-knee/Mary Griggs: Sunday’s football games were eagerly anticipated by just as many people who don’t give a rat’s ass for the sport as by those who were fanatics. ", "All across the nation (and especially in the White House), people’s heads were exploding over what football players were doing (or not doing) during…]]>\n\nIt is NOT about disrespect to our anthem. ", "It IS about respectful protest…don’t let people, especially those in our White House, confuse you or the issues. ", "They are attempting slight of hand and if you fall for it, you may miss the important stuff…\n\nSunday’s football games were eagerly anticipated by just as many people who don’t give a rat’s ass for the sport as by those who were fanatics. ", "All across the nation (and especially in the White House), people’s heads were exploding over what football players were doing (or not doing) during the national anthem. ", "These are the same folks, mind you, who just a few short months ago were going completely insane over the removal of monuments dedicated to people who fought a war to destroy our country.", "\n\nLet me begin by making one thing clear: I am an army brat. ", "I am from a family with a long and proud history of service in the military. ", "I was raised on bases where everything, including traffic, stopped each night when the flag came down. ", "I was taught respect for our nation’s flag and the proper etiquette on handling it – and…\n\nMy writing buddy Niamh Murphy is here today! ", "I’m wiggling in my seat as I type this introduction. ", "Niamh is super cool. ", "She penned a lesfic novel about pirates. ", "You can’t get much cooler than that, can you? ", "Her novel Escape to Pirate Island is one of the novels discounted for the Fall in Love…\n\n]]>https://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/22/why-write-lesfic/feed/0kannemeinelPIRATE WENCHES open callhttps://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/15/pirate-wenches-open-call/\nhttps://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/15/pirate-wenches-open-call/#respondFri, 15 Sep 2017 16:00:49 +0000http://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/?p=4087]]>]]>https://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/15/pirate-wenches-open-call/feed/0kannemeinelWanted Pirate WenchesBestselling Bookhttps://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/13/bestselling-book/\nhttps://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/2017/09/13/bestselling-book/#respondWed, 13 Sep 2017 19:57:38 +0000http://kannemeinel.wordpress.com/?p=4068]]>There is a big difference from being an author to being a bestselling author. ", "Whether you do it full-time or part-time, whether you are an indie or with a publishing house, being able to call yourself a bestselling author increases your credibility. ", "But, what does it take to become a bestselling author?", "\n\nWell, that actually depends on many factors. ", "The New York Times is the most famous of these lists. ", "There are others of course including Publishers Weekly, The Boston Globe, USA Today, The LA Times, The Wall Street Journal, and even WalMart.com. ", "Some of the most important nowadays in the e-market are Amazon and Barnes & Noble.", "\n\nUsing myself as an example, some of my books have been on the Top 100 Amazon Bestselling Lesbian Fiction List for weeks on end. ", "Some, have even made it to #1 many times or remained in the top five for a while! ", "Many of my books have been in the top 300 for ever it seems. ", "However, I have to point out that Lesbian Fiction (Lesfic) is a small market and frequently Amazon throws in gay fiction which really should have a separate listing of its own (that’s a blog for another time). ", "A few of my books in recent years, I didn’t even put into Lesfic because they are good stories, everyone already knows I write Lesfic, and I wanted to see how they would do in the overall Amazon ranks. ", "They did phenomenally well. ", "Doctored and Veil of Silence blew my mind last year with their releases back to back. ", "They are both still selling well. ", "This year, Vetted is proving to be a best-seller. ", "It has never been listed a Lesfic novel, I put it into Action-Adventure and Romance…get this, in the hundreds of thousands of books that it had to compete with, it got down to the low 40’s and STAYED in that area for three SOLID weeks! ", "That’s incredible.", "\n\nWhat does this mean? ", "It means that my books, due to the rankings that fluctuate hourly (thank goodness it’s a digital age), only 39 or so books sold more copies than mine did at any given time. ", "This, competing throughout Amazon and the hundreds of thousands in those specific rankings.", "\n\nThe New York Times bestseller list is different. ", "Not better or worse, just different. ", "They do not release exactly how these books get on the list and my own research has shown some of it is by trickery, bribery, and the big five publishers. ", "I don’t think my little lesfic publishing group will ever get one of my Lesbian Fiction books onto this anointed and prestigious list…ever. ", "That’s okay, I know I’m writing good fiction. ", "I know I’m writing stories that fans will want to read over and over again…and share. ", "They will stand the test of time. ", "Also, the New York Times list counts on ratings, based on orders to brick-and-mortar stores. ", "If your books aren’t in these, chances are you won’t get noticed. ", "With the downsizing of these stores, and the homophobia that still exists in major chains, the chances decline even further. ", "One clever entrepreneur (I use that term loosely, they were con-artists if you want the real term) managed to trick the list by placing a series of orders for their book to stores that didn’t exist, calling to see if they were available, and jacking up the system…only to cancel the order a day or so later…the numbers were already reported and their book sailed up the list. ", "Apparently, the New York Times list only counts the sales, not the canceled orders or returns.", "\n\nIn my research I came across this gem:\n\nClick on the picture above for the rest of the article for more information.", "\n\nAnother difference that I am aware of is that the New York Times list is for paperbacks and they compile these lists weekly. ", "Because of its electronic system, Amazon’s list is hourly. ", "So, being on Amazon’s bestselling list is actually better! ", "It means you are SELLING more books! ", "Who doesn’t want to make MORE money this way? ", "Yes, being mentioned in the New York Times with millions of readers will get you more sales and especially more prestige over time, you are, after all, building a name…but, in the end, making money is really what it comes down to. ", "While being lauded as a New York Times bestselling author will garner you attention and I think it’s wonderful to be able to say that, there are other lists, there are other factors, and again, it comes down to money.", "\n\nAs the publishing world changes, and let’s face it, whether you love Amazon or B&N or a bajillion other outlets (mine are available on almost all of these), the e-book has changed the way we authors and publishers do business. ", "I am sad to see bookstores closing, I really am. ", "I still remember standing in the middle of a Barnes & Noble in San Luis Obispo, California and just BREATHING in the atmosphere. ", "I hope that libraries stay open and applaud the fact that they lend books that are e-books now too.", "\n\nAnother thing that I found as I researched for this blog is that literary agents, publishers, and others when looking for the next ‘rock star’ of the literary world are now sitting up and taking notice of those independent publishers and authors, and finding those ‘bestselling’ authors this way. ", "They want a piece of the pie, they don’t want to be left behind in the ‘old’ ways anymore. ", "They want to help those selling well to sell even more…so they can take their cut with their expertise.", "\n\nI rely on proof, I have seen those hawking a book as a ‘must-read’ and I cringe at that. ", "That phrase alone is like nails down a chalkboard for me. ", "My first thought when I hear it is WHY MUST I? ", "I would rather hear from their reviews, their reviewers, or the proof that shows the book is selling well. ", "Here is my screen shot of Vetted taken the other day:\n\nDon’t just take my word for it…really, I am the author and publisher, I’ll admit to being biased…but, since it’s selling so well, maybe you should just go find out yourself WHY?", "\n\nClick on the picture to be taken to Amazon.", "\n\nAs always, you can get ALL the links at my website, or download it FROM my website at www.kannemeinel.com.", "\n\nAfter the success of her books, ‘Doctored’, ‘Lawyered’, ‘Small Town Angel’, ‘Veil of Silence’ and many others, author K’Anne Meinel has announced the launch of her latest book ‘Vetted’ on Amazon.com. ", "The book has already started to receive great response from the readers. “", "loved the scene in the cafe where the two main characters entered into their partnership, and, how their love turned into something that would surely stand the test of time. ", "Personally, there’s nothing sexier than a barefoot gal in shorts, and a tee, with a rifle over her shoulder, a pistol strapped to her waist and the willingness to use both to protect those and the things she loves. ", "Great story. ", "Highly recommended”, says one of the users on Amazon.com.", "\n\nVetted brings much delight to fiction and drama book lovers who love a bit of adventure. ", "The story revolves around Alyssa, a young college student living her life to please her upper-crust family who wants her to take business courses to join her father’s business and marry the right man. ", "However, Alyssa wants to do something different and take a course that speaks to her heart but her family is unwilling to support her in doing that. ", "The story follows the life of Alyssa, a woman born into a well-to-do family yet yearning for freedom to do what she wants to do because such wealth comes with strings that she doesn’t want.", "\n\nFiona is another lead character in the story who is an older, established woman and a veterinarian working with an aim to start her own animal practice. ", "The story takes a swift turn when a young woman arrives at her doorstep one night carrying a dog she may have fatally injured with her car, leaving Fiona thrown for a loop.", "\n\nVetted is an unexpected story about two women who goes through a life that they did not anticipate but learn that they wanted it desperately. ", "The story description surely leaves the readers wanting for more and picking up the book to see what the whole suspense was about. ", "Will their families, the fates, and rustlers finally bring these women to their knees? ", "The only way they can survive is to stand strong together, but are they both ready to fight for what they want? ", "Only time will tell”. ", "The author known for her intriguing and sensuous plots in her books brings another exciting book for the readers.", "\n\nAbout Author- Author K’Anne Meinel is a bestselling author, having over 92 published works including novels, short stories, and novellas. ", "She was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and raised in Oconomowoc. ", "She reflects the love for her home state in her stories by mentioning the beautiful and realistic backgrounds set in Wisconsin. ", "She is also known as the lesbian Danielle Steel of her time and a versatile writer who brings a variety of fiction genre books.", "\n\nCustomer reviews\n\nTop customer reviews\n\nReally enjoyed this book, couldn’t put it down and read it in one night.", "\n\nI could relate to Alyssa on so many levels and wished so many times growing up that I had the nerve to stand up to my family in the way that she did.", "\n\nNo idea what I’m talking about, well then you’re just going to need to read the book for yourself!", "\n\nFiona reminds me of the vet’s I worked for whilst studying in the UK, strong, independent, determined and workaholics!", "\n\nIf you enjoy reading about strong female characters who overcome various obstacles and adversities thrown their way then this is definitely the book for you.", "\n\nThe characters are well developed, the storyline flows naturally with no unnecessary sex scenes, there’s romance and intimacy as needed but not heaped on as is the case with some f/f books these days. ", "There’s plenty of drama and gun toting city girls turned country vet / cow girl to keep you reading all night as I did.", "\n\nI loved the scene in the cafe where the two main characters entered into their partnership, and, how their love turned into something that would surely stand the test of time. ", "Personally, there’s nothing sexier than a barefoot gal in shorts, and a tee, with a rifle over her shoulder, a pistol strapped to her waist and the willingness to use both to protect those, and the things she loves. ", "Great story. ", "Highly recommend!!", "\n\nI bought this cause I liked the cover, well I have to say what a great read, makes you laugh in places, the two main characters have excellent chemistry, even as good action and I’m not talking about sex. ", "All in all I have no problem recommending this book too my friends. ", "Another great story from K’Anne.", "\n\nCharacters are very real and easy to see in the mind’s eye. ", "The families are similar to my own as is the finding the one person that will stand by you no matter what. ", "Well written. ", "Makes for a lovely evening with a bottle of wine.", "\n\nI really loved reading this book! ", "At first I wasn’t sure about the main character, she seemed very spoiled, but as I began to read the story I began to like both of the characters. ", "The author does a great job of telling their story and she doesn’t follow a predictable path with the plot. ", "It is refreshing to find a story that is a little different and keeps you guessing about what might happen next. ", "I really liked this story!" ]

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[ "Selling Out Modern Martyrs\n\nby\nThomas A. Droleskey\n\nToday is the Feast of Saint Lucy, the great saint of the early fourth century who gave up her life rather than submit herself to the spectacles of the decadent Roman Empire. ", "She is depicted in paintings and statues as holding her eyes, which were protected from having to look at various and sundry profanities, on a plate. ", "My dear wife chose her as her confirmation patroness to thank her for helping to \"see\" things clearly when she was finding her way into the Church between 1996 and 1999. ", "Our daughter is named after Saint Lucy in gratitude to this great saint's prayers for making it possible for my wife to be Catholic and thus to be ready to meet me and to be open to accepting a hard life of temporal uncertainties as she assumed the task of assisting me in the work of helping souls to see the necessity of restoring the fullness of the Immemorial Mass of Tradition and the restoration of the Social Reign of Christ the King.", "\n\nSaint Lucy gave up her eyesight and then her life in order not to compromise with one little bit of the corrupt and decadent culture that surrounded her. ", "This should teach us a lesson or two in our day. ", "Far too many Catholics, including those who assist at the Traditional Latin Mass, are far too cavalier about their blithe, if not defiant, participation the the rot of our own culture today. ", "Nothing is apparently too dangerous for the welfare of their own souls, no less that of their children, that will cause some Catholics to refrain from exposing the eyes and ears to the sounds of Hollywood movies, the unquestionably objective evil of so-called \"rock\" music, television programming, and the sordid spectacle that has become professional sports. ", "No, it is to be some sort of spoil-sport even to mention the fact that Catholics cannot and must not support the evils of the Walt Disney Company or other such \"amusement\" parks and that there are plenty of ways that Catholics can spend their time and enjoy the truly good things of this passing world that redound to the honor and glory of God and thus their own sanctification, not place into jeopardy God's rights and their very salvation. ", "No Catholic who assists at the Immemorial Mass of Tradition can read the name of Saint Lucy in the Roman Canon day in and day out and not seek to root out from his own life those sights and sounds that are inimical to God and thus the right ordering of men and their nations.", "\n\nSaint Lucy stood immovable in the midst of attempts to force her into a house of ill-repute. ", "She reproached her persecutors, predicting that the brutal reign of the Emperor Diocletian would come to an end, showing us that we must withstand the modern \"emperors,\" whether they are found in politics or the courts or corporate board rooms, when we are more or less commanded to \"get with it\" and to embrace the false values of a perverted era. ", "It is the case today that we are subjected involuntarily to assaults on our senses even when we go to the supermarket. ", "We are subjected to countless offenses to our immortal souls when driving past billboards, some of which now have the ability to transform themselves in the matter of split-second from one offensive message to another. ", "We cannot even go to the local post office or the bank in many instances without having to be bombarded with \"rock\" music and/or images. ", "All manner of evil causes are promoted by banks and now displayed on postage stamps, of all things. ", "Do we consider doing what Saint Lucy did, that is, to stand immovable and to condemn these practices and to seek the conversion of those who are offending God and contributing to the decline of social order?", "\n\nSaint Lucy's willingness to be martyred stands in face of the misuse of civil power by an evil, anti-Catholic emperor stands in sharp contrast to the willingness of many prelates in the Church, including Vatican Secretary of State Angelo Cardinal Sodano and Los Angeles Archbishop Roger Cardinal Mahony, to become supporters of the evil regime that governs the so-called People's Republic of China and to serve as apologists for the schismatic and heretical state-created \"church,\" the Chinese Patriotic Association. ", "The selling out of the modern martyrs of the underground Church in Red China has begun in earnest. ", "Far from exhibiting Saint Lucy's firm spirit of condemnation of evil rulers, Cardinals Sodano and Mahony, assisted frequently by Roger Cardinal Etchegary, have proved themselves to be appeasers of Communist oppressors of Catholics. ", "That they have been able to serve as stooges for the tyrants in the world's most populous nation without a word of papal rebuke leads one to suggest only one logical conclusion: that Pope Benedict XVI himself, following the example of the late Pope John Paul II, seeks to make an accommodation with the schismatic, heretical state-created and state-run \"church\" in Red China at the expense of those who continue to be brutalized mercilessly by the Communist warlords who want a Catholicism that serves the purposes of the state, not a Catholicism that is faithful to the Church's Invisible Head, Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.", "\n\nThe desire to effect an artificial \"unity\" in Red China, sadly, follows the modern of pan-Christianity that has been at the heart of the conciliarist novelty of ecumenism. ", "That is, sects that are truly schismatic and heretical are accorded great honor and comfort while those who adhere steadfastly to the Deposit of Faith and to the form of worship that Our Lord taught the Apostles to offer are heaped with sloganeering scorn. ", "There have been a number of recent developments that have confused and bewildered some of the most stalwart defenders of the underground Church in Red China.", "\n\nIndeed, there have been so many such developments, including reports that most of the renegade bishops of the rump church in Red China have been \"reconciled\" to Rome without being forced publicly denounce their past support of the policies of the rump church (which have included support of the government's anti-family, anti-life population policies), that Mr. Joseph Kung, the nephew of the late Ignatius Cardinal Kung, who was imprisoned by the Red Chinese for over thirty-five years prior to his release in 1991, has issued a very important review of the state of ecclesiastical affairs in Red China. ", "Although Mr. Kung, the President of the Cardinal Kung Foundation, which is based in Stamford, Connecticut, has been restrained in his criticism of the policies of the Holy See, he is nevertheless continuing to ask very pointed questions about whether the Holy See is about to sell out the modern martyrs of the true Church in Red China, the men and women who have stood as firm as Saint Lucy in their refusal to surrender to the unjust authority of an evil regime.", "\n\nMr. Kung has raised a number of questions in his annual Christmas Newsletter. ", "It is worth quoting at length. ", "The questions that he raises, many of which were discussed on this site three months ago in There is Schism and Then There is Schism, are important. ", "They go to the heart of the Vatican's refusal to require the bishops and priests of the schismatic, heretical church in Red China to renounce their adherence to abject errors and to publicly make reparation for them. ", "Here are those passages of Mr. Kung's newsletter that deal directly with the situation of the underground church in Red China:\n\nReaders of our July and Christmas 2001 newsletters will recall my extensive analysis of Cardinal Jozef Tomko’s statement, made earlier that year to the bishops of the United States — the “two groups in the Church in China” (the underground Roman Catholic Church and the Patriotic Association) “are not two Churches because we are all one Church”. ", "I pointed out at the time that Cardinal Tomko’s statement, which is erroneous, contradicts both the Church’s canon law and her basic doctrine. ", "The Patriotic Association’s claim to autonomy since its formation in 1957 conflicts with the doctrinal principle repeated again and again by the late Pope John Paul II in September 1994: “the principle of communion with the Successor of Peter…cannot be renounced by a Catholic who desires to remain such and to be recognized as such.” ", "This clearly invalidates Cardinal Tomko’s statement.", "\n\nFurthermore, I examined in 2001 the consequences and implications of Cardinal Tomko’s statement. ", "I pointed out that Cardinal Tomko’s statement effectively notifies the suffering underground Roman Catholic Church that there is nothing wrong in joining the Patriotic Association since “these groups …are all one Church.” ", "Such a merger of the underground Church into the Patriotic Association, I explained, would play right into the hands of the communist Chinese government’s plan to eliminate the Roman Catholic Church in China.", "\n\nAs recently as this past October, Bishop Joseph Zen Ze-kiun of Hong Kong essentially repeated Cardinal Tomko’s statement when he told the synod of bishops at the Vatican that “the Church in China, which appears to be divided in two —an official one recognized by the government, and an underground one which refuses to be independent from Rome — is actually a single Church, as everyone wants to stay united with Pope.”", "\n\nIs any Church’s desire “to stay united with the pope” the deciding factor and the litmus test for being qualified as a true One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman Church as Bishop Zen has proclaimed? ", "I do not believe that it requires a Ph.D. in theology to realize it is not so. ", "Rather, it is full communion with the Pope, and with the universal Church that decides whether one is the true One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman Church. ", "It is loyalty and obedience to the Pope that constitute the main ingredients of being in full communion with the Pope; certainly not simply the desire “to stay united with the Pope.” ", "One’s desire to remain in communion with the Church without the willingness to pay the price is not putting into practice the Gospel’s words: “No servant can serve two masters” (Luke 16:13). ", "What, then, did Bishop Zen mean when he announced to hundreds of bishops in the October 2005 synod that the official Church — also known as the Patriotic Association’s Church, which still has an article in its constitution since 1957 to be autonomous from the pope — by virtue of its “desire” “to stay united with the Pope,” is the same Church as the underground Church? ", "The underground Church has no need of such a “desire” because it has in fact always been united with the Pope, and for this has gone through 56 years of persecutions by the Chinese regime.", "\n\nIt boggles the mind to fathom how Bishop Zen, the Bishop of Hong Kong, could repeat Cardinal Tomko’s erroneous statement after Msgr. ", "Eugene Nugent, the Vatican representative in Hong Kong in charge of the See of China, in July 2004, issued a series of guidelines in which he bluntly states: “Obviously, the Patriotic Association has the characteristic of being in schism.” ", "Moreover, in these 2004 guidelines, widely circulated in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, Msgr. ", "Nugent reaffirms the validity and binding character of the Vatican’s guidelines issued in 1988 and authored, ironically, by none other than Cardinal Tomko. ", "Like the 2004 guidelines, the 1988 guidelines clearly refute and reject the notion that the two Churches in China are the same Church.", "\n\nTens of thousands of faithful, priests, bishops and nuns suffered and died in Chinese jails because they refused to denounce the Pope and refused to join the official Church for the last 56 years. ", "In these 56 years, the official Church has not changed in that the most important article in the constitution of the official Church — to be autonomous from the Pope — did not change. ", "The Roman Catholic Church’s canon law clearly states that refusal to submit to the authority of the Successor of Peter is nothing short of schism from the universal Church. ", "This is the same official Church or the same Patriotic Church 56 years ago when Pope Pius XII wrote with great foresight on the subject of autonomy in his encyclical Ad Sinarum Gentem in October 1954: “…They (the Chinese Communist government) seek….to establish finally among you a “national” Church, which no longer could be Catholic because it would be the negation of that universality or rather ‘catholicity’ by which the society truly founded by Jesus Christ is above all nations and embraces them one and all…”\n\nWhen Bishop Zen, Cardinal Tomko, and many other bishops, cardinals, and other people declare that these two Churches are the same Church, they are in effect declaring, in an attempt to legitimize the official Church, that the official Church or the Patriotic Association Church is also the One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church, regardless of its autonomy from the Pope. ", "As I said before, this is contrary to the basic dogma of the Roman Catholic Church. ", "Just for the sake of argument, if they were correct, why should the faithful in the underground Church continue to suffer and lay down their lives for their fidelity to the Successor of Peter and for the Church? ", "All they would have to do is to join the official Church since, as Bishop Zen and Cardinal Tomko said, it is the same Church as the underground Church. ", "If they were correct, all those numerous faithful, including Cardinal Kung and many other martyrs who suffered and died in the last 56 years since the communists took over China for refusing to join the official Church or for refusing to be independent from the Pope, would have done so in vain because if they were the same Church now, they would have been the same Church then. ", "Therefore there would be no apostasy involved in joining the official Church during the past 56 years – a sin for which they died or suffered rather than commit. ", "Their sufferings and martyrdom would have no merit for the cause of their beatification or canonization. ", "Pope Pius XII would have been very wrong when he said what I quoted above in his encyclical. ", "The late Pope John Paul II would have been also very wrong in his statement of December 3, 1996 in which he apparently referred to the official Church or the Patriotic Association as “a Church which does not respond either to the will of the Lord Jesus, or to the Catholic faith.” ", "The current Pope Benedict XVI would also be very wrong in that he has not recognized the official Church or the Patriotic Association’s Church as the One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church. ", "If the two Churches were indeed the same Church, it is only logical to conclude that the Church is willing to legitimize the official Patriotic Church in spite of its position of autonomy from the Holy See and that the Pope would have declared his recognition of the official Church. ", "However, no Pope in the last 56 years has declared so. ", "It appears that the Popes have not been willing to legitimize the official Patriotic Church as long as it is autonomous from the Pope. ", "Therefore, the official Patriotic Church cannot possibly be, as Bishop Zen and many other members of the Church's hierarchy said, the same church as the underground Roman Catholic Church.", "\n\nChina therefore has two Churches that call themselves Catholic. ", "One Church was founded by Christ 2005 years ago. ", "The other Church is established by atheist communists 48 years ago in 1957. ", "One Church has been under severe persecution for 56 years since 1949. ", "The other one is under the protection of the Chinese communist government and has not been persecuted. ", "One Church is in full communion with the Pope and with the universal Church. ", "The other one, as claimed by Bishop Zen, Cardinal Tomko and other members of the Church hierarchy, “desires” to be with the Pope, but continues serving the atheist Chinese government-founded official Patriotic Church, which is not in full communion with the Pope. ", "One Church, of course, is the underground Roman Catholic Church. ", "The other one is the Patriotic Association or official Church. ", "Don’t let anyone mislead you, even if he is a bishop or a cardinal, into thinking that these two Churches are the same Church. ", "They are not the same Church. ", "Your faith and the gospel will tell you that it is wrong to abandon a primary article of faith, the communion with the successor of St. Peter, even under the most difficult situation.", "\n\nA secret profession of faith is a contradiction in terms\n\nThe fact that a number of official Church or the Patriotic Association Church’s bishops (some say as many as 75 percent), as reported by the media but never substantiated by the official spokesperson of the Vatican, may have confessed, repented, and requested recognition from the Pope and that the Pope may have accepted them does not make the entire official Church the One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church. ", "This is a fact because the constitution — specifically its ruling that the Patriotic Church is not subject to the authority of the Pope — that governs the official Patriotic Church as a whole is contrary to the canon law and doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church. ", "Therefore, as Cardinal Roger Etchegaray said in his interview with 30 Days No. ", "4 2005): “the part of the Church recognized by the (Chinese) government is without doubt linked to and controlled by the Patriotic Association….” ", "When these bishops accepted the appointment from the Chinese government and were consecrated bishops without the approval of the Pope, they did it publicly and pledged their loyalty also publicly, not to the Pope, but to the Chinese government. ", "However, when they supposedly repented and requested recognition from the Pope, they did it secretly, not publicly. ", "They did not profess their faith publicly, but secretly. ", "How could this secret arrangement be justified in view of the damage they have done publicly to the Church and to its faithful? ", "Moreover, the word “profession” comes from Latin and means “PUBLIC PROMISE”. ", "When Christians profess their faith, BY DEFINITION they do so PUBLICLY. ", "There is no such thing as a private or secret PROFESSION of faith. ", "It is a contradiction in terms. ", "Therefore, if those official Patriotic bishops have indeed repented, such repentance, in my opinion and in generally accepted procedures and courtesy, should have been done publicly and their reciting of the Creed for professing their faith, as defined above according to the Latin meaning, should also have been recited publicly for the whole world to hear and for the Pope to judge, regardless of the risk they might have faced. ", "That is what martyrs do. ", "These Patriotic bishops have not done so. ", "The late Pope John Paul II, in his message to China on December 3, 1996, said: “The bishop must be the first witness of the faith which he professes and preaches, to the point of ‘shedding his blood’ as the apostles did and as so many other pastors have done down the centuries, in many nations and also in China.” ", "Besides, these bishops, who have supposedly repented and been recognized by the Pope, still serve on the Board of the official Church and defend its constitution that advocates autonomy from the Pope!", "\n\nIs the Vatican unwittingly helping the Chinese government\nto eliminate the underground Church?", "\n\nIn addition, numerous Vatican documents and public statements from members of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in the Vatican and elsewhere urge unity between the official and unofficial (underground) Churches. ", "In the meantime, the Chinese authority is doing all its best to force the unofficial Church to register with the authority, thereby de facto unifying the two Churches into the one official Church that is independent from the Pope. ", "Many unofficial or underground faithful resisted registering themselves with the official Church and thereby risked three years in the hard labor camp. ", "By actively urging “unity” between the two Churches and by actively proclaiming that these two Churches are the same church, before the Pope recognizes the official Church, is the Vatican actually putting the cart in front of the horse by urging for unity into a Church that the Pope has not even recognized ? ", "Is the Vatican, unwittingly perhaps, trying to help the Chinese authority to accomplish its goal to wipe out the Roman Catholic Church under the glorified name of “unity” so that the two Churches can be combined into One Patriotic and Independent Church?", "\n\nWhen one talks about the unity of the Church, it is only logical to think that the schismatic Church should combine with the true Church to become a new unified true church, in full communion with the Pope. ", "The current events described else where in this letter give the impression that the official and unofficial (underground) Churches are to be combined into one official (schismatic Patriotic) Church. ", "Why is the Vatican not saying in public that unity should be achieved by the official (schismatic) Church’s uniting with the underground (true) Church and submitting to the authority of the Pope in order to become one (true) Church, and that the one (true) Church, in communion with the Pope, must become legal in China? ", "By not saying this clearly and forcibly in public, the Vatican may be sending the wrong signal — unintentionally of course — to the Chinese government that the continuous persecution of the underground Church is tolerable because the underground Church is not cooperating to unite with the official Church. ", "Unfortunately, the Vatican does not speak out publicly to protest each time the Chinese authority arrests the underground bishops and other religious. ", "They only do it sporadically with very little public follow up. ", "If the Vatican really wants the underground Church to be merged with the official Church in order to achieve so called “unity,” why doesn’t the Pope openly and officially recognize the official Patriotic (schismatic) Church, regardless of its autonomy, so that, in obedience to the Magisterium, the underground Church’s faithful and bishops can simply cross the line and register with the official Church and thereby prevent much suffering of the ten million underground faithful? ", "However, even the Pope does not have the authority to compromise this fundamental Catholic dogma of communion with the Successor of Peter. ", "The current situation, according to which the Pope, on the one hand, does not officially recognize the official (schismatic) Church but, on the other hand, the members of his hierarchy issue proclamations or slogans such as “two Churches are the same Church” and “unity,” stop appointing underground bishops (see below), recognize the official Church’s bishops, approve new official Church bishops, and approve many other official Church projects. ", "The result is the appearance that the Pope has de-facto recognized the official Patriotic Church, and is thereby nudging the underground (true) Church to merge with the official Patriotic (schismatic) Church under the glorified name of “unity.” ", "This is beyond the comprehension of many faithful, but this is what, I am afraid, is happening.", "\n\nWhy is the Vatican not appointing new underground bishops?", "\n\nWithin the last 5 or 6 years or perhaps longer, many elderly underground bishops died from natural causes or died in jail. ", "One would have thought that the Vatican would approve new bishops to replace them. ", "Not so. ", "Not even one new underground bishop has been appointed by the Vatican in this period, regardless of the fact that many Patriotic bishops have been consecrated. ", "Some of them are reportedly consecrated with Vatican approval. ", "One has to ponder why the Vatican has not appointed new underground bishops for the last few years while in the meantime advocating “unity” by combining the official (schismatic) Church and the underground (true) Church into one official (schismatic) Church and propagating that these two Churches are the same Church. ", "It is frightening just to think about this complicated situation. ", "In the meantime, a Jesuit journal published in Italy, Civita Cattolica, whose articles are generally understood to have the prior approval of the Vatican Secretariat of State, published an article, according to Catholic World News, reporting: “The Vatican no longer needs to appoint bishops to serve the underground Catholic Church in China…” This all adds up to a scenario according to which the Vatican appears to be forsaking the 10 million proven faithful, loyal and obedient underground Roman Catholics in order to appease the four million “catholics” belonging to the official “Patriotic” Church in China. ", "St. Michael, pray for us.", "\n\nThere are many underground faithful without a bishop. ", "Otherwise, some underground faithful have bishops who are likely very elderly and ill, well beyond the retirement age, or in jail, or in house arrest, or under severe surveillance or in hiding. ", "The underground Church is therefore under such severe pressure from our own Church. ", "The underground Church is desperately in need of new bishops, but the Vatican is not appointing them. ", "It does not take much imagination to visualize that, under such pressure, any of the underground faithful might be compelled to do something in order to preserve their Catholic faith, which is certainly in conflict with the official Church that still advocates independence from the Pope in its constitution. ", "Prayers are therefore urgently needed for the survival of the underground Church, which is the only real Roman Catholic Church in China. ", "We also need to pray very hard that, by the grace of the Holy Spirit, the underground Church will have the wisdom to remain faithful to the Pope and to do what they have to do in order to preserve this faith and the courage to say no to the Chinese or any other authority.", "\nMedia speculation met by Vatican silence.", "\n\nShould the Vatican publicly express its approval or disapproval of the appointment of a new bishop in the official Patriotic Church by the Chinese Government?", "\n\nRecently, AsiaNews and many other Catholic news media have announced that the recent consecration of three official Patriotic Church’s bishops has been approved by the Pope, while the Vatican’s official spokesperson failed to speak one single word about this approval! ", "The Foundation grieves when the media reports, with the glorified phrase “from our reliable source in the Vatican” or something similar, that the Holy See has recognized certain appointment of Patriotic bishops, while the Holy See remains silent, leaving the faithful, especially those in China, confused and demoralized as they continue to suffer for their fidelity to the Successor of Peter. ", "Why is this so? ", "We faithful can only look to the Vatican’s official spokesperson for the truth of any religious matter of significance, and the consecration of three official Church’s bishops is certainly a matter of extreme importance, because it relates to the basic dogma of the Church. ", "Christ gave the authority to the Church to help us find and hold the truth about our salvation. ", "Appointing a bishop certainly has much to do with our salvation. ", "Therefore, why should we be kept in the dark by our own Church and be forced to believe or not to believe the writings or the gossip of the media about such an important matter? ", "By keeping us in the dark, does that mean the Vatican is not doing what Christ has commanded the Church to do, politics notwithstanding? ", "I am not sure. ", "Only God knows. ", "If it is the Vatican’s policy to leave people in the dark and guessing, then the Church should never blame the faithful for believing or for not believing whatever is written in the press about other matters, even though it may be detrimental. ", "How is the public supposed to know which report is true or false about any important matter regarding the Church if the Vatican fails to take a stand? ", "How can this be justified? ", "Why is this kind of treatment of our suffering brothers and sisters of the underground Church — the “stable” in the universal Church — allowed by the Holy See?", "\n\nThe underground Church deserves greater respect\nin the universal Church\n\nWe also have the news of the invitation by the Pope of three of the Chinese official Church’s bishops and one underground bishop to the synod in October and the refusal of the Chinese government to let them join the Synod plastered all over the world’s headlines. ", "Since the Cardinal Kung Foundation is strictly obedient and loyal to the Pope, we respect the Holy Father’s decision of inviting not only the official Church’s bishops, but also more of them to the synod than from the underground Church — one bishop —although we do not understand. ", "However, allow me to share with you a similar event. ", "In 1998, there was a special assembly for Asia of the synod of Bishops in Rome. ", "As the late Cardinal Kung was the acknowledged symbol of both the suffering of the underground Roman Catholic Church in China and of his loyalty, love, and obedience to the Popes, we, together with many Chinese Catholics, expected that Cardinal Kung, who was not retired and was still the reigning Bishop of Shanghai, would be invited and welcomed to the synod with enthusiasm no less than what the Vatican has shown to the four Chinese bishops at present, although it was not very certain that Cardinal Kung would be physically able to travel, just as a number of the invited Chinese bishops to the recent October Synod are known to be very elderly, ill and unable to travel. ", "Anyway, it is still beyond words to describe how disappointed and sad we were that Cardinal Kung was not only never invited to join that 1998 synod, but also never received the program, related materials and conclusions of that synod. ", "Needless to say, Cardinal Kung could not understand why he was not invited, but he accepted the fact. ", "All he had received was a three-sentence letter from Cardinal Schotte, the general secretary of the synod, and a copy of the “Message to the People of God coming from this synodal assembly.” ", "It’s history now.", "\n\nSino-Vatican Relations\n\nThere have been many times in the past when the media buzzed with speculations that the Vatican and China would soon establish diplomatic relations, only to see that this was not so. ", "However, in my opinion, as long as the Chinese government does not allow the Patriotic Association or the official Church to recognize the authority of the Pope, as long as the Chinese government does not allow the Patriotic Association or the official Church to be obedient to the Pope, and as long as the official Church consecrates its bishops without an explicit approval from the Pope, there is very little likelihood that these two countries could establish diplomatic relations. ", "Unfortunately, the Chinese government has failed on all counts. ", "The Taiwan issue is only a smokescreen.", "\n\nIn order that the Vatican be able to establish diplomatic relationships with the Chinese government, the underground Church and the Patriotic Association must become one Church, recognized by and theologically in full communion with the Pope. ", "Moreover, this one Church would have to be legal in China. ", "This has not happened.", "\n\nFor the Vatican to establish diplomatic relationships with China, which the Pope earnestly desires, the Patriotic Association would have to change its constitution so that it would acknowledge the Pope’s supreme administrative, legislative and judicial authority. ", "It would have to pledge boldly and publicly its loyalty and obedience to the Pope, not merely secretly. ", "There is no evidence that such a change of the Patriotic Association’s constitution is in the making.", "\n\nMoreover, there are too many bishops, priests, and faithful of the Roman Catholic Church who are still in jail in China. ", "These imprisoned bishops are not only Chinese, but also by definition the citizens of the Vatican. ", "They are also the soldiers of the Church. ", "Any country defends its citizens and soldiers. ", "Therefore, how could the Vatican establish diplomatic relations with China while so many of its citizens and soldiers are still in captivity there? ", "Holy Mother Church, a moral compass of the world, cannot do less than a secular government. ", "All these issues were published in my op-ed article published by the Asian Wall Street Journal on April 7 this year shortly after the death of Pope John Paul II.", "\n\nCardinal Roger Mahony:\nCelebration of Holy Mass in the Patriotic Association Church\n\nNews has just reached us from the Los Angeles Times, November 5, 2005, that Cardinal Roger Mahony publicly celebrated Mass in Shanghai at St. Peter’s Parish church belonging to the official Patriotic Association Church. ", "The China guidelines issued by the Vatican in 1988 and authored by Cardinal Tomko said clearly that all “communication in sacris” is to be avoided with the Patriotic Association Church. ", "A Cardinal, who is the prince of the Church, is supposed to set an example to follow and support the guidelines of the Church, not to publicly contradict them. ", "Cardinal Mahony’s offering the Mass in public at an official Patriotic church in China is an act of public display of contradicting and confusing the Church’s official guidelines. ", "In addition, by his public presence in an official Patriotic church, Cardinal Mahony, even if unwittingly, encourages and condones the Chinese government’s continuing its more than 50 years of persecution of the Roman Catholic underground Church without fear of reprisal from the outside world, and gives the false impression that the Cardinal supports the Chinese government’s repressive religious policy. ", "In addition, the Cardinal is also, unintentionally and unlikely as it may sound, indirectly supporting the pastoral letter issued by the official Patriotic Church’s Bishops’ Conference more than ten years ago calling for all Chinese Catholics to support China’s “Platform for the Development of Women” that we all know well includes birth control, sterilization and the one family-one child policy whereby women who are pregnant after having one child are forced by the Chinese government to abort their unborn babies. ", "We are of the opinion that Cardinal Mahony, with our due respect, is not doing justice to the Roman Catholic Church in China by publicly offering a Mass in an official Patriotic church. ", "I have written the above to Cardinal Mahony. ", "I have not so far received his response.", "\n\nObedience to Magisterium\n\nWe tried to be thorough, fair, honest and factual in reporting the information and analysis above. ", "We do so with sorrow and grief. ", "I hope that in doing so I am able to convince those persons in authority in the Vatican or in a position of influence with a different perspective that unity in the Church in China can indeed be possibly achieved after the Vatican is able to negotiate with the Chinese authority to rescind its autonomy clause in the constitution of the Patriotic Association. ", "The Vatican needs to understand that its policy for China is very unclear to the public and consequently causes great confusion. ", "The Vatican urgently needs to replace the deceased, elderly, and sick bishops of the underground Church, and those replacing them should and must come from the same underground Church, not from the official Patriotic Church as it is now happening. ", "We also want our readers to know that we are strictly obedient to the Magisterium. ", "In his article \"Beware Communists Bearing Gifts,\" published by the Tablet, the Catholic newsweekly of London, on August 6, 2005, Mr. Michael Sheridan of the Sunday Times in London concluded the article by saying, “I do hope, from their undoubted places in heaven, Cardinal Kung and Father Kavanagh (a Vincentian missionary who had suffered much at communist hands in China) will inspire the Pope and his diplomats to realize that the Vatican can afford to wait (to recognize the government in Beijing).” ", "I share the sentiment with Mr. Sheridan.", "\n\nMr. Kung, who I am honored to count as a friend and with whom I have been privileged to appear at several conferences over the years, has raised significant questions. ", "many of which have been discussed on this site in the past eight months. ", "As a gentle son of the Church, the nephew of a Catholic cardinal who said \"Long live Christ the King! ", "Long live the Pope\" when he was taken to to the microphone of a dog-track stadium in Shanghai in 1956 before being taken to prison, Mr. Kung gives much more of the benefit of the doubt to the Holy See than I do. ", "It must be remembered that the late Pope John XXIII specifically forbade any criticism of Communism at the Second Vatican Council, more or less slapping his two immediate predecessors in the Throne of Saint Peter, Popes Pius XI and XII, in the face. ", "Each had criticized Communism directly. ", "Pope Pius XII had written two encyclical letters to discuss the state of the Church in Red China. ", "Oh, yes, the policies of the Holy See at present with respect to selling out the modern martyrs in Red China are just a continuation of the appeasement begun by Pope John XXIII as the basic paradigm for the Second Vatican Council and, with a few exceptions, the whole of the Holy See's geopolitical \"strategy\" of the pat forty-five years or so.", "\n\nI believe that it is eminently clear that the Holy See is attempting the sort of sell-out of the martyrs in the underground in Red China that took place when Joseph Cardinal Mindszenty was tricked into thinking that he could resume his post as Archbishop of Budapest and the Primate of Hungary when he was coaxed to leave the American Embassy in Budapest and forced into exile. ", "Pope Paul VI and his pernicious Secretary of State, Jean Cardinal Villot, wanted Cardinal Mindszenty out of the way in order to pursue the mistaken policy of Ostpolitik, which meant to tamp down criticism of Communism and Communist regimes by Catholic bishops and priests in Eastern and Central Europe so as to \"improve\" the life of the Church there. ", "Just as pro-abortion Catholic politicians have been, for the most part, appeased by American bishops and priests in the past thirty-three years, so is it also the case that Communists were appeased in Eastern and Central Europe for a long time. ", "Communists are being appeased anew by the Holy See in Red China.", "\n\nA particularly ominous indication of the Vatican's intentions with respect to selling out the modern martyrs in the underground Church in Red China is the fact, reported by The Los Angeles Times and noted by Mr. Kung in his Christmas Newsletter, is the fact that Roger Cardinal Mahony, the nefarious Archbishop of Los Angeles who sees fit to honor pro-abortion politicians with his presence at their inaugurations, offered Mass publicly in a Shanghai, China, church run by the Chinese Patriotic Association. ", "It cannot be the case that Cardinal Mahony did this without the full foreknowledge and approval of Angelo Cardinal Sodano, the Vatican Secretary of State, and even the Holy Father himself.", "\n\nWhen you think about it, however, the fact that Cardinal Mahony should see fit to offer Mass in a schismatic, heretical church in Red China dovetails perfectly with the ethos of ecumenism that has been one of the sorriest tragedies of the Second Vatican Council and its aftermath. ", "What's the big deal about offering Mass in a Red Chinese state-sponsored church when our popes and cardinals and bishops and priests in the past forty years have offered \"joint blessings\" with heretics and schismatics without once--and I mean even once--inviting any of them publicly to convert to the true Church? ", "Cardinal Mahony's recent actions, therefore, undertaken certainly with the approval of the Holy See in direct violation of its own announced policies about relations with the Chinese Patriotic Association, are simply a continuation of the ethos of appeasement and indifferentism that has devastated the Church in her human elements ever since the pontificate of Pope John XXIII.", "\n\nSome will protest that Pope John Paul II was a foe of Communism and that he spoke out against it. ", "Well, yes, the late Pope John Paul II did denounce the tyranny of Communist rule in his native Poland. ", "He did contribute to the appearance of the \"end\" of Communism there in 1989. ", "However, his failure to consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary with all of the world's bishops in total fulfillment of Our Lady's Fatima Message made his apparent victory in Poland and elsewhere in the former Soviet bloc very hollow and very ephemeral. ", "Re-packaged Communism is still strong in Eastern and Central Europe. ", "Russian President Vladimir Putin is a former head of the Soviet K.G.B., a man who is prone to commit the typical errors of Russian rule ever since that country broke from Rome along with the other Orthodox churches.", "\n\nYou see, it is precisely the failure to consecrate Russia to Our Lady's Sorrowful and Immaculate Heart that have caused the errors of Russia, which trace their origin to the Photian errors of Russian Orthodoxy, to spread under its variant mutations, including here in the United States of America. ", "An article in the journal Chronicles noted in 2002 that most of policies of the current presidential administration have great similarities to positions advanced by one of Joseph Stalin's chief rivals for power, Leon Trotsky, who had an unfortunate end while in exile in Mexico City in 1940. ", "The Catholic Church has been given the roadmap to stop the spread of the errors of Russia: the fulfillment of Our Lady's Fatima Message. ", "The failure of one pope after another to fulfill Our Lady's Fatima Message has caused the errors of Russia to spread and countless millions of Catholics to suffer martyrdom. ", "This failure, if it continues, will result in the annihilation of entire nations, including quite possibly our own. ", "Ancient Rome lasted for about a thousand years. ", "It was wiped away as a result of its own decadence. ", "Does anyone seriously doubt that this country--with all that it owes God for its offenses against His rights and His laws--is not capable of suffering of similar fate?", "\n\nDoubt my word? ", "Consider the evidence presented by Mr. Howard Phillips in his Howard Phillips Issues and Strategies Bulletin of November 30, 2005:\n\n“Months overdue, the Pentagon’s annual report to Congress on China’s military power is a mix of happy talk, flabby strategic musings, and sobering facts. …", "\n\n“The one thing that is clear is that publication of this year’s Annual Report on the Military Power of the People’s Republic of China was delayed while its initial and more alarming conclusions about China’s strategic intent were toned down.", "\n\n“Senior administration officials overruled the report’s authors, professional analysts, and policy advisers at the Pentagon intent on providing an unvarnished account of China’s military. ", "And, contrary to conventional Washington wisdom, this was done not over the heads of the most senior ranks in the Pentagon but with their agreement.”", "\n\nEVIDENCE IGNORED\n\n“A more accurate picture would take note of China’s noncompliance with its pledges to the World Trade Organization; its failure to use its leverage with North Korea to end Pyongyang’s game of nuclear Russian roulette; its continuing refusal to abide by human rights and refugee conventions it has signed; its less-than-stellar nonproliferation record; its use of Chinese nationalism to browbeat Japan; its refusal to cooperate with the other great powers in the Proliferation Security Initiative; its obstructionist policies on Iran, Sudan, Zimbabwe, and Burma; and of course its repeated threats to use military force to unify Taiwan with the mainland – and, if need be, engage in nuclear brinkmanship to prevent the United States from intervening to stop a forcible reunification. ", "It is this fuller – but unstated – account of Chinese behavior that fits with the substantive heart of the report, documenting China’s rapid and dramatic improvements in military capabilities.”", "\n\nHOWEVER, THE FACTS SPEAK LOUDLY\n\n“What’s new in this year’s report is the finding that China’s military buildup has begun to have serious implications not only for the cross-strait balance of power but also for the region as a whole.", "\n\n“The People’s Liberation Army possesses a growing fleet of nuclear and diesel submarines, has 650-730 mobile ballistic missiles, and is working on aerial refueling for a significant percentage of its 2,600 combat aircraft.”", "\n\nJAPAN RECOGNIZES THE PROBLEM\n\n“Toss in new and improved command, control, and communication systems and over-the-horizon targeting capabilities, and the picture that emerges is a China with military capabilities that are not just Taiwan-centric. ", "While the report suggests that these capabilities ‘could pose a credible threat to other modern militaries operating in the region … over the long term, if current trends persist,’ most regional militaries are already worried. ", "When Chinese ships and subs begin making clandestine trips into Japanese home waters – as they have – the signal being sent to Japan and the region is clear enough.”", "\n\nTAIWAN MAY FALL LIKE A RIPE FRUIT\n\n“Beijing does not believe a full-fledged invasion would be necessary to accomplish its goal. ", "Rather, the PLA leadership, according to its own doctrinal papers, thinks a combination of ballistic-missile, special-operation, and aerial strikes could be sufficient to shock Taiwan’s population and leadership into accepting Beijing’s version of ‘one China.’", "\n\n“For similar reasons, China is working hard to develop the capacity to blockade Taiwan. ", "The submarine modernization program that the report details is extensive. ", "Eight new quiet KILO-class diesels will soon be added to the four already in the arsenal; China’s indigenous SONG diesel is now in serial production; and a new diesel submarine, the YUAN class, was launched last year. ", "Chinese naval journals indicate a deep interest in blockading operations, and pay close attention to the vulnerabilities of Taiwan’s island economy. …”", "\n\nU.S. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS TARGETED?", "\n\n“China’s military knows that it must be able to prevent, or, at least severely complicate, the American Navy’s use of its aircraft carriers. ", "To this end, as the new report spells out, China’s antiship cruise missile force is growing by leaps and bounds. ", "It has begun to field high-end, supersonic and subsonic cruise missiles on its new destroyers, attack boats, and submarines. ", "It has even experimented with use of maneuverable, multiple-entry MRBMs and SRBMs to hit carrier battle groups. ", "Once China solves the problem of longer-range detection and targeting, it will pose the most serious threat to American carriers in the world. …”", "\n\nPRC’S ICBMS MORE DANGEROUS THAN KATRINA\n\n“The report also details China’s programs to upgrade its intercontinental ballistic missile force with new solid-fuel, road-mobile missiles and new sea-based, submarine-launched systems. ", "The net effect will be a more survivable, more accurate, and more lethal nuclear strategic capability – aimed primarily at the United States. ", "As General Zhu Chenghu, dean of China’s National Defense University, not so subtly reminded American visitors recently: Should the United States intervene in a conflict between China and Taiwan, ‘the Americans will have to be prepared that hundreds … of [their] cities will be destroyed by the Chinese’ nuclear weapons.”", "\n\nBEIJING PREPARES TO NEUTRALIZE AND DEFEAT U.S. DEFENSE OF TAIWAN\n\n“Combine the PLA’s fascination with ‘carrier killing,’ its ability to degrade severely the operational utility of U.S. air bases in Japan through missile strikes, its aggressive pursuit of space and counterspace capabilities, and its upgraded nuclear arsenal, and you have a military that believes it has or is close to having the means to make any American president think twice before going to Taiwan’s rescue. …”", "\n\nHISTORICALLY, CAPABILITIES OFTEN BECOME INTENTIONS\n\n“But rather than face the facts presented in the report about the character and scope of China’s military buildup, the tendency in the senior ranks of the administration is to wash over them with sound bites about our relationship with China being ‘good but complex.’ ", "Or worse.", "\n\n“The day after the report was issued, in response to a question about the cross-strait military balance, Marine general Peter Pace, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs, said, ‘There’s lots of countries in the world that have the capacity to wage war,’ but ‘very few have the intent to do so. … ", "There’s absolutely no reason for us to believe there is any intent on [China’s] part.’ ", "Absolutely? …", "\n\n“[H]istory may record this as a moment when the failure to speak truth to the Chinese communists condemned the two nations to conflict later.", "\n\n“That grim prospect might just be avoided if Mr. Bush reads in the course of his Far Eastern visit the report issued last week by the congressionally mandated, blue-ribbon U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. ", "Its bipartisan conclusion is that ‘over the past year, on balance, the trends in the U.S.-China relationship have negative implications for our long-term economic and security interests.’", "\n\n“The commission backs this up with nearly 170 pages of analysis based on 14 hearings. ", "It represents the only ‘second opinion’ on China both informed by full access to classified information and available to the American people, as well as their elected representatives. …”", "\n\nAUTHORITATIVE REPORT SAYS PRC HAS A STRATEGY – USA DOES NOT\n\n“Such a review is made all the more necessary insofar as the U.S.-China Commission notes the United States lacks a ‘coherent strategic framework … grounded in a clear-eyed understanding of how the Chinese military and political leadership leads the country, how decisions are made and how their economy works…. ", "China is an authoritarian regime and a nonmarket command economy still controlled by the Communist Party. ", "The central goal of its leadership is maintaining its own power, at all costs.’ ”", "\n\nU.S. IS RED CHINA’S “MAIN ENEMY” – WAR “INEVITABLE”\n\n“It flows from this basic insight that we must be concerned about such developments as:\n\n“• The persistent assertion by the Chinese leadership to their political cadre and military officers that America is the ‘main enemy’ and that war with the United States is ‘inevitable.’", "\n\n“• Official Chinese efforts to secure energy resources from all over the world to meet its yawning needs (notably for oil, coal and natural gas) in a way that seems meant to deny such resources to the U.S. and other global competitors.”", "\n\nBEIJING USES TRADE SURPLUS TO RAVAGE U.S. INDUSTRIAL BASE\n\n“• The PRC’s predatory trade practices and intellectual property theft that continue in violation of past commitments and World Trade Organization obligations. ", "In part, the result is a bilateral trade deficit that has increased ‘over 140 percent in only four years.’ ", "The wealth thus garnered by China is used – among other things – to fuel the plundering of America’s remaining high-technology industrial base and the utter liquidation of our manufacturing sector.”", "\n\n“• Wealth transfers from the United States are underwriting Beijing’s ominous build-up of its armed forces, as well. ", "The commission says: ‘China is engaged in a major military modernization program, the motives of which are opaque and unexplained. ", "It is building a modern navy and air force, upgrading its nuclear-armed ICBM force and beginning to operate in a power-projection mode. ", "It has markedly expanded its information warfare operations to a level that is clearly designed to disrupt American systems.’ …”", "\n\nRED CHINESE ESPIONAGE IS A MOUNTING PROBLEM\n\n“• Finally, China is engaged in activities that pose a more immediate danger. ", "Two of its nationals were recently arrested trying to sell Chinese-made QW-2 man-portable surface-to-air missiles in this country. ", "Had they done so, the result could have given rise to a potentially grave threat to American airliners. ", "And Chinese micro-satellites are being readied to attack our space assets as another, potentially devastating manifestation of Beijing’s pursuit of what the Pentagon calls ‘asymmetric warfare’ capabilities against the United States.” ", "Source: Frank Gaffney, Jr., author of War Footing: 10 Steps America Must Take to Prevail in the War for the Free World (Naval Institute Press, November 2005, available at www.USNI.org), The Washington Times, 11/15/05, p. A20\n\nBUSH IS BLIND TO CHICOM CHALLENGE\n\n“In its annual report, the US China Economic and Security Review Commission said China’s growing economic might and its unfair trading practices were eroding the US manufacturing base and threatening US technological superiority.", "\n\n“It also concluded that China was building up its military power to confront US and allied forces in Asia and was expanding its global alliances, in part to ensure access to energy resources. …", "\n\n“The commission’s conclusions have generally been dismissed by the administration of President George W. Bush, who travels to China next week. ", "In spite of occasional warnings from the Pentagon about China’s military modernisation, the administration has favoured close co-operation with Beijing on fighting terrorism, opening trade and trying to persuade North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons programme.", "\n\n“The commission, set up by Congress when it approved permanent normal trade relations with China in 2000, has become increasingly influential in arguing that the administration’s view of China is far too sanguine. ", "Its findings helped to rally congressional opposition to the bid this year by CNOOC, the Chinese state-run oil company, to purchase Unocal. ", "The bid was abandoned over fears that such a deal would face a lengthy and hostile review in Washington. …”", "\n\nTARIFFS ON RED CHINESE IMPORTS WOULD REDUCE U.S. TRADE DEFICIT\n\n“It said Congress should ‘consider’ imposing across-the-board tariffs on Chinese imports, which have been proposed in legislation by Senators Charles Schumer and Lindsey Graham.", "\n\n“The report also called for a build-up of US military forces in Asia and closer military co-operation with Taiwan to make it clear that the US would defend Taiwan against an attack from the mainland.” ", "Source: Edward Alden, Financial Times, 11/10/05, p. 2\n\nCHICOMS MAY MILITARILY DOMINATE HIGHER GROUND OF SPACE\n\n“China’s second manned space launch has ignited a new round of debate over the implications of the PRC’s burgeoning space capabilities. ‘", "China is serious in investing’ in space capabilities that have ‘significant military applications in the future,’ retired Air Force China specialist Mark Stokes tells Voice of America. ‘", "Space assets, as well as countering … the U.S. use of space or other countries’ use of space, are important force multipliers that can help to even the playing field when you are going up against a technologically superior adversary.’ ", "According to Stokes, the space launch constitutes ‘a stepping stone for a longer-range program to make them a significant player in military space in the future.’ — ", "October 12” Source: Ilan Berman, China Reform Monitor, 10/20/05\n\nCHICOM GENERAL PRACTICES NUCLEAR BLINKMANSHIP\n\n“ ‘If the Americans draw their missiles and position-guided ammunition onto the target zone on China’s territory, I think we will have to respond with nuclear weapons,’ Maj. ", "Gen. Zhu Chenghu said in yesterday’s editions of the Financial Times and the Asian Wall Street Journal.”", "\n\nPRC CLAIMS TAIWAN STRAITS OWNERSHIP\n\n“The comments were the most explicit statement of strategic intent by a Chinese military official since 1995, when another officer, Gen. Xiong Guangkai, implicitly threatened to use nuclear arms against Los Angeles if the United States intervened in a Taiwan conflict.", "\n\n“ ‘If the Americans are determined to interfere … we will be determined to respond,’ said Gen. Zhu, head of China’s National Defense University. ‘", "We Chinese will prepare ourselves for the destruction of all of the cities east of Xian [in central China]. ", "Of course the Americans will have to be prepared that hundreds … of cities will be destroyed by the Chinese.’ …", "\n\n“A Pentagon official, speaking on background, said Chinese generals normally express only official positions and that Gen. Zhu’s comments represent the views of senior officers. …”", "\n\nCHINA ABANDONS “NO FIRST USE” PLEDGE\n\n“The statements contradict China’s publicly stated policy that it will not be the first nation to use nuclear weapons in a conflict. ", "Gen. Zhu was quoted as saying he believed the no-first-use policy applied only to non-nuclear states and could be changed.", "\n\n“He said Beijing is under internal pressure to change the no-first-use policy and to announce that it will use the most powerful weapons at its disposal to defend its claim on Taiwan. ", "He stated that ‘war logic’ requires weaker powers to use all means to defeat a stronger rival. …”", "\n\n45-57 RED NUKES COULD HIT U.S.\n\n“China’s current nuclear arsenal is believed by U.S. intelligence agencies to include an estimated 45 to 57 missiles that can reach American cities. ", "However, China’s military is rapidly building up its forces and is developing at least three new strategic missile systems, including the DF-31 and DF-31A road-mobile missiles, and the JL-2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles.” ", "Source: Bill Gertz, The Washington Times, 7/16/05, pp. ", "1, A5\n\nRED CHINA’S SPY NETWORK IN U.S. GROWS RAPIDLY\n\n“Back in the 1980s, David Szady was among the premier Soviet spy catchers at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, studying every aspect of the Kremlin’s mole network. ", "Today, he’s mobilizing agents across the country to sniff out spies from a new rival: Beijing.", "\n\n“ ‘China is the biggest [espionage] threat to the U.S. today,’ says Mr. Szady, now 61 years old and assistant director of the FBI’s counterintelligence division.", "\n\n“In one of their biggest initiatives after the fight against terrorism, the FBI and Justice Department have sent hundreds of new counterintelligence agents into the bureau’s 56 field offices, many with a specific focus on China. ", "There is a cloak-and-dagger element to some of this: A principal FBI team focusing on Chinese economic espionage, including some undercover operatives, occupies an unmarked floor in a Silicon Valley office park near a popular Chinese restaurant. …”", "\n\nCHICOMS HAVE AN EASIER TIME THAN DID SOVIETS\n\n“Thousands of Chinese nationals regularly come to the U.S. as students and businessmen, some working for major U.S. defense contractors – something the Russians could only have dreamed of during the Cold War. ", "They are welcomed with open arms by universities and companies who prize their technical acumen and links to capital and low-cost labor back home.”", "\n\nPRC CLAIMS OWNERSHIP OF ALL CHINESE IN U.S.\n\n“The vast majority of them are here innocently working or studying. ", "Counter-espionage experts say the trouble often starts when they are contacted by Chinese government officials or one of the more than 3,000 Chinese ‘front companies’ the FBI alleges have been set up in the U.S. specifically to acquire military or industrial technologies illegally. ", "Sometimes they are wooed with cash, but often the motivation is nationalism.”", "\n\n150,000 PRC STUDENTS IN U.S. AND 700,000 “TOURISTS”\n\n“ ‘They can work on so many levels that China may prove more difficult to contain than the Russian threat,’ Mr. Szady says. … ", "The FBI’s Business Alliance, established a year ago, has been meeting regularly with leading defense contractors to understand what technologies they’re developing and what potential threats are posed by company employees. ", "The participants include Lockheed Martin Corp., General Dynamics Corp. and Raytheon Co. …\n\n“About 150,000 Chinese students are currently studying in the U.S., according to the FBI, and the number of new admissions has been rising. ", "Nearly 64,000 Chinese students entered the U.S. last year, according to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, up from 55,000 in 1998. ", "All told, about 700,000 Chinese tourists and business executives visit the U.S. each year. …", "\n\n“In addition, the Beijing government runs an extensive, informal, decentralized spy network, counterespionage experts allege. ", "In most cases, Beijing’s spy agencies don’t send trained agents to the U.S. to penetrate companies and government agencies, but rather simply seek to glean information from the hundreds of thousands of Chinese who visit and study in the U.S. every year. ", "They also try to get Chinese-Americans to provide information, appealing to their desire to help uplift China’s economy.” ", "Source: Jay Solomon, The Wall Street Journal, 8/10/05, pp. ", "1, A4\n\nCHICOMS AFFIRM LENIN’S “DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM”\n\n“China’s government yesterday issued a report stating why the Marxist system will not be changed to allow for Western-style democracy and why democracy is limited to within the ruling Communist Party dictatorship.", "\n\n“ ‘China’s democracy is a democracy guaranteed by the people’s democratic dictatorship,’ the report said. ", "Under that dictatorship, ‘democratic centralism’ is used to rule collectively by party leaders.", "\n\n“Real power in the country is held by the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, which has five to nine members. ", "President Hu Jintao, who serves as party general-secretary, leads the committee. ", "The Communist Party also controls the Chinese military through the Central Military Commission. … ‘", "In building socialist political democracy, China has always adhered to the basic principle that the Marxist theory of democracy be combined with the reality of China …’ the report said.", "\n\n“The report states that the Communist Party regards itself as a ‘vanguard of the working class.’ ", "The party has rejected copying the ‘Western bourgeois political system’ because it ‘would lead them nowhere,’ the report said. …", "\n\n“The report said democracy is limited to the 2.8 million members of the ‘people’s congresses’ across China and that of those, 176,000 are not members of the Communist Party.” ", "Source: From Beijing, Bill Gertz, The Washington Times, 10/20/05, p. A13\n\nRED CHINA IS OUTPACING U.S. IN UNDERWATER WARFARE\n\n“American military history records many instances of poor readiness or non-availability of war-fighting equipment when conflicts broke out. (", "More on that below.)", "\n\n“In that light, consider these facts:\n\n“ American submarines perform many missions – but serve as the premier anti-submarine weapons platform in the U.S. Navy inventory today.", "\n\n“ There are 400 submarines in the world today; about half are friendly. ", "China has a larger submarine force than the United States.", "\n\n“ China is building at least five new nuclear fast attack submarines – and two new ballistic-missile nuclear submarines [today] greatly enhancing Chinese capabilities.", "\n\n“ Nineteen submarines were launched last year worldwide – nine of them in China.", "\n\n“ And the United States has launched just four submarines in the last five years.” ", "Source: Vice Adm. Albert Konetzni Jr. (served as Deputy commander and Chief of Staff, U.S. Fleet Forces Command, 2001-’04, and Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, 1998-’01), New York Post, 7/5/05, p. 27\n\nWORLD BANK USES U.S. TAXPAYER SUBSIDIES TO STRENGTHEN COMMUNIST CONTROL OF CHINA\n\n“China will remain an important client of the World Bank, Paul Wolfowitz, the bank’s president, said yesterday, despite questions over whether a country with swelling financial resources still needs development assistance as it lifts tens of millions of people out of poverty. …", "\n\n“China is still the bank’s largest client measured by outstanding loans, but has not been the largest single recipient country in recent years in terms of new borrowings. …”", "\n\nFUNGIBLE FUNDING AIDS PRC SPACE PROGRAM\n\n“But China’s own growing overseas aid programme, its ability to finance expensive programmes such as manned space flights and its huge stock of foreign exchange reserves, which are on track to reach $1,000bn (£570bn, 830bn), have prompted questions about Beijing’s need for development assistance.”", "\n\nWOLFOWITZ WIMPS OUT —\n\n“Mr Wolfowitz defended the loans, saying the bank and China had developed a mutually beneficial partnership, in which each could learn lessons from the other about poverty reduction. ‘", "I genuinely admire what they have accomplished. ", "I am not without some criticisms, but it has been good for the whole world,’ he said. … ", "Mr Wolfowitz’s trip took in a small village in Gansu in impoverished western China, which is home to a large Muslim minority.”", "\n\n— AND WORSHIPS AT THE MOSQUE\n\n“The press reported that he joined prayers at the local mosque, reciting from heart parts of the Koran. ", "He said he had first learnt the prayer as US ambassador to Indonesia, but had memorized it during three funerals he had attended for ‘Iraqi martyrs’ in recent years.” ", "Source: From Beijing, Richard McGregor, Financial Times, 10/18/05, p. 9\n\nThe Diabolical Disorientation spoken about by Sister Lucia, who was named after today's saint, Saint Lucy of Syracuse, Sicily, has metastasized so much that our prelates really believe that their grand schemes of political and \"strategic\" appeasement and accommodation will succeed. ", "The mere fact that all empirical evidence on the merely human level contradicts the expectations of these prelates is lost on them entirely. ", "Our popes and cardinals and bishops have placed their trust in their own cleverness and ability to \"dialog\" with those steeped in evil. ", "Our Lady did not say at Fatima that we had to engage those who fomented the errors of Russia in \"dialog.\" ", "She said, quite simply, it should be pointed out, that Russia had to be consecrated by a pope with all of the world's bishops to her Sorrowful and Immaculate Heart. ", "Period.", "\n\nNone of the facts cited above should frighten us one little bit. ", "No, as I noted in a commentary yesterday, December 12, 2005, we must cling to Our Lady entirely. ", "We must get ourselves to the Sacrament of Penance regularly, being ever ready to face the moment of our Particular Judgments. ", "Enrolled in the Brown Scapular and displaying Our Lady's Miraculous Medal, we, the sons and daughters of Our Lady of the Rosary, must understand that the most dangerous thing in the world is not nuclear annihilation but dying in a state of final impenitence. ", "We have nothing to fear as long as we persist in a state of grace and are assiduous about saying our prayers and embracing the crosses that come our way, both in our own personal lives and in the larger life of the Church Militant on earth and the world-at-large, and giving them freely to Our Lady's Sorrowful and Immaculate Heart as her consecrated slaves. ", "We can only hope and pray that Pope Benedict XVI will come to realize that he has it within his own power to provide the world a \"certain period of peace,\" one that will end the spread of the errors of Russia, which are the errors of Modernity in the world and Modernism in the Church, with one simple act: the consecration of Russia in perfect fulfillment of Our Lady's Fatima Message.", "\n\nIn the meantime, we call upon Saint Lucy this day and every day to help us to see the world clearly through the eyes of the true Faith and to remain as immovable as she was in the midst of temptations to renounce the Faith and to embrace the world and its diabolically disoriented belief that there is any (that means, ladies and gentleman, even one) aspect of our personal and social lives that we can afford not to reference completely and docilely to the standard of the Holy Cross that is lifted high only by the Catholic Church.", "\n\nOur Lady of Fatima, pray for us.", "\n\nSaint Lucy, pray for us.", "\n\nSaint Dominic, pray for us.", "\n\nSaint Louis de Montfort, pray for us.", "\n\nSaint Maximilian Kolbe, Advocate of the City of Mary Immaculate, pray for us." ]

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[ "What I wore…Today I thought I’d share this gorgeous look from Murdock Inc. called, “The Panther Queen” available at The Fantasy Room. ", "I had looked at it for a bit, not sure how I was going to blog the items… and finally it hit me! ", "Boom. ", "The entire look is very simple… but the overall feeling is complicated and intense. ", "I loved the rich red in the textures along with the super cool panther heads adorning the collar. ", "I paired the “Amber Harness” from Luas in Gold along with the new “Verathell” crown and “Woj’ek” horns from keystone.", "\n\nIt all went together so well and this pose form, Nantra only enhanced the creepy feeling! ", "I’ve also attached an UNEDITED photo so you guys can see what it looks like in-world. ", "Mind you, my graphics are on ultra and my wind light setting is custom… Hope you enjoy!" ]

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[ "地球の地磁気を観測している欧州宇宙機関(ESA)の人工衛星 SWARM が、地球の電離層で発生している超音速のプラズマジェット流の存在を裏付ける内容の観測に成功しています。このプラズマジェット流は地球の大気圏の上部に存在し、大気の温度を最大で約1万度にまで加熱する働きがあります。 ", "Supersonic plasma jets discovered / Swarm / Observing the Earth / Our Activities / ESA http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Swarm/Supersonic_plasma_jets_discovered この研究結果はカナダで開催された「Swarm Science Meeting」において、カルガリー大学の研究チームによって発表されたもの。研究チームは3機の人工衛星からなるSWARMを用いて、大気圏上層で発生するとされていた巨大な膜状の電流層の観測に成功しました。この電流は最大で1テラワットの電力を上部層に移動させる働きがあるとのことで、これは熱波に襲われて電力消費量が増大したニューヨーク一帯で消費される電力の30倍にもおよぶ規模だそうです。", "\n\n・関連記事\n\n地球の内側に強いジェット噴流が存在していることが判明 - GIGAZINE\n\n\n\n地球の磁場が反転する「地磁気逆転」はいつ・どこから起こるのか？数千年前の人類の痕跡からその謎を究明 - GIGAZINE\n\n\n\n独自のアルゴリズムで太陽が放つ「太陽風」の可視化に成功、コロナが太陽風に変化する理由が解明へ - GIGAZINE\n\n\n\n地球から酸素が月へと送り込まれていると判明 - GIGAZINE\n\n2017年03月24日 23時12分00秒 in サイエンス, Posted by darkhorse_log\n\nYou can read the machine translated English article here." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nFind the sum of the n terms of the series $2\\cdot2^0+3\\cdot2^1+4\\cdot2^2+\\dots$\n\nFind the sum of the n terms of the series: \n\n$2\\cdot2^0+3\\cdot2^1+4\\cdot2^2+\\dots$\n\nI don't know how to proceed. ", "Please explain the process and comment on technique to solve questions of similar type. ", "\nSource: Barnard and Child Higher Algebra. ", "\nThanks in Advance!", "\n\nA:\n\nThe formula for the sum of a geometric sequence gives\n$$\n\\sum_{k=0}^n2^kx^{k+2}=\\frac{x^2-2^{n+1}x^{n+3}}{1-2x}\\tag{1}\n$$\nDifferentiating $(1)$ yields\n$$\n\\sum_{k=0}^n(k+2)2^kx^{k+1}=\\frac{2x-(n+3)2^{n+1}x^{n+2}}{1-2x}+\\frac{2x^2-2^{n+2}x^{n+3}}{(1-2x)^2}\\tag{2}\n$$\nPlugging in $x=1$ leads to\n$$\n\\sum_{k=0}^n(k+2)2^k=(n+1)2^{n+1}\\tag{3}\n$$\n\n" ]

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[ "Academic anxiety, academic procrastination, and parental involvement in students and their parents.", "\nThe study investigated the relationship between academic anxiety and procrastination in children and parents, and parents' direct involvement in their children's schoolwork. ", "Children reported their current anxiety and procrastination and parents reported their anxiety and procrastination when they were children (a measure of indirect influence on their children's schoolwork habits), and on their current involvement in their children's schoolwork (a measure of direct influence). ", "Self-report measures were administered to 354 Israeli adolescents (ages 13, 14, and 16) and their parents. ", "Students were less anxious about homework than the other academic assignments. ", "Older adolescents were less anxious about their schoolwork overall and procrastinated more than younger on homework. ", "Parents of late adolescents were less involved in their children's schoolwork than parents of younger adolescents. ", "Parents participated equally in school-related interactions that demanded high investment of time and effort, but mothers engaged more than fathers in low investment activities. ", "These direct and indirect parental influences on their children's procrastination were of low magnitude overall, but appeared relatively stronger for mothers. ", "The more students were anxious about preparing for examinations and writing papers, the more they procrastinated on these assignments, confirming the appraisal-anxiety avoidance (AAA) model. ", "The inverse relationship of anxiety and procrastination with regard to homework led to our making a post hoc distinction between task-centred and consequence-centred anxiety." ]

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[ "Verliert die Bundesliga den vierten Startplatz?", "\n\nDie Super-League-Pläne von Uefa und Europas Klub-Verband (ECA) stießen nicht überall auf Gegenliebe.", "\n\nNun stellt die Vereinigung Europäischer Ligen, der auch die Bundesliga angehört, ein Gegenmodell vor.", "\n\nWie das aussieht, lesen Sie mit BILDplus." ]

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[ "\n214 Mich. App. ", "507 (1995)\n543 N.W.2d 34\nPEOPLE\nv.\nWEATHERHOLT\nDocket No. ", "161292.", "\nMichigan Court of Appeals.", "\nSubmitted November 2, 1994, at Grand Rapids.", "\nDecided December 12, 1995, at 9:00 A.M.\nFrank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, Dennis M. LaBelle, Prosecuting Attorney, and Alan R. Schneider, Chief Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.", "\nBrott, Kipley, Grunst & Settles, P.C. (by David M. Kipley), for the defendant.", "\nAmicus Curiae:\nDonald Martin, John D. O'Hair, and Timothy A. Baughman, for the Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan.", "\nBefore: DOCTOROFF, C.J., and McDONALD, MARILYN KELLY, CORRIGAN, BANDSTRA, MARKMAN, and O'CONNELL, JJ.", "\nMARILYN KELLY, J.\nPursuant to Administrative Order No. ", "1994-4, this panel was convened to resolve a conflict between the appellate opinion *509 previously issued in this case[1] and the opinion in People v Fish (On Remand), 207 Mich App 486; 525 NW2d 467 (1994). ", "In both cases, the defendant faced sentence enhancement for multiple OUIL convictions. ", "The issue is whether the defendant has a right to a jury for the purpose of determining if the prosecution can sustain its burden of proving defendant's prior OUIL convictions. ", "We agree with the initial appellate holding in this case that a jury has no role in determining whether defendant has been convicted of prior drunk driving offenses.", "\nDefendant was found guilty of operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor (OUIL) and with an unlawful blood alcohol level in excess of 0.10 percent by weight of alcohol, pursuant to § 625(1) of the Motor Vehicle Code, MCL 257.625(1); MSA 9.2325(1). ", "The information provided notice that defendant was being charged as a repeat offender. ", "The prosecution informed defendant that it would seek an enhanced sentence upon conviction.", "\nFollowing his conviction, defendant argued that the issue of whether he had earlier been convicted of OUIL should be submitted to the jury. ", "The trial court disagreed, found defendant guilty of OUIL-third offense and imposed an enhanced sentence in accordance with MCL 257.625(6)(d); MSA 9.2325(6) (d).[2]\nOn appeal, a panel of this Court concluded that the trial judge was correct in refusing to submit the issue to the jury. ", "However, the panel was constrained under Administrative Order No. ", "1994-4 *510 due to the earlier published decision in Fish. ", "Fish held that, before the trial court imposes an enhanced sentence, the prosecutor must prove all elements of the offense, including the prior convictions, beyond a reasonable doubt.", "\nOn January 1, 1992, Michigan's rewritten drunk driving laws took effect. ", "Subsections 11 and 12 of § 625, MCL 257.625(11) and (12); MSA 9.2325(11) and (12), established a procedure for the prosecutor to seek an enhanced sentence based upon one or more prior convictions. ", "Subsections 11 and 12 provide:\n(11) If the prosecuting attorney intends to seek an enhanced sentence under subsection (6)(b) or (d) or (10)(b) or (c) based upon the defendant having 1 or more prior convictions, the prosecuting attorney shall include on the complaint and information filed in district court, circuit court, recorder's court, municipal court, or probate court a statement listing the defendant's prior convictions.", "\n(12) A prior conviction shall be established at sentencing by 1 or more of the following:\n(a) An abstract of conviction.", "\n(b) A copy of the defendant's driving record.", "\n(c) An admission by the defendant.[[3]]\nWe analogize this statute to that involving the second offender provisions of the Controlled Substances Act, MCL 333.7413; MSA 14.15(7413). ", "The sentence enhancement sections of the Controlled Substances Act do not provide for a trial on the issue of prior convictions. ", "People v Eason, 435 Mich 228, 232; 458 NW2d 17 (1990). ", "Unlike the Habitual Offender Act which contains requirements *511 regarding fact-finding,[4] the sentence enhancement sections of the Controlled Substances Act and the drunk driving laws do not contain such requirements. ", "Therefore, in the words of Eason, \"due process neither compels a separate charge nor imposes trial-type evidentiary burdens on the sentencing process.\" ", "Id. at 244.", "\nMoreover, subsections 11 and 12 clearly state that they are applicable where the prosecutor is seeking \"an enhanced sentence.\" ", "They also provide that a defendant's prior convictions \"shall be established at sentencing.\" ", "By adding subsections 11 and 12, the Legislature demonstrated that sentence enhancement is the intended thrust of the new statutory provisions. ", "Therefore, we construe the sentence enhancement provisions of the drunk driving statute in a manner consistent with Eason.", "\nFish erroneously relied on the Supreme Court's decision in People v Bewersdorf,[5] which held that the Legislature intended to allow sentence enhancement of OUIL felonies through application of the habitual offender statute. ", "In Bewersdorf the majority stated:\nWhile the habitual offender act, which is found in the Code of Criminal Procedure, establishes a procedure for enhancing a sentence, it is clear that the OUIL provisions of the Motor Vehicle Code establish crimes. ", "Because OUIL-3 is a separate crime, the prosecutor must prove all elements of the offense, including the prior convictions. [", "Id. at 68.]", "\nWe agree with the initial panel in this case that the statement above was merely dicta. ", "Furthermore, the Bewersdorf opinion discussed the drunk *512 driving statute as it existed before its 1991 amendments, relying upon this Court's 1982 decision in People v Raisanen, 114 Mich App 840, 846; 319 NW2d 693 (1982). ", "Subsections 11 and 12, added after Bewersdorf, are relevant to the issue of whether the statute simply creates a sentence enhancement scheme or whether it establishes a separate substantive crime. ", "Given our finding that subsections 11 and 12 establish only a sentence enhancement scheme, defendant is not entitled to a jury trial on the issue of his prior convictions.", "\nAffirmed.", "\nNOTES\n[1] The opinion, along with the order vacating it and convening this conflict-resolution panel, are found at 209 Mich App 801 (1995).", "\n[2] Sentencing occurred after the amendment of § 625 by 1991 PA 98, but before the amendments made by 1993 PA 359, 1994 PA 211, 1994 PA 448, and 1994 PA 449. ", "See now subsection 7 of § 625.", "\n[3] Subsections 11 and 12 are now subsections 14 and 16. ", "The substance of the subsections remains unchanged.", "\n[4] We are referring to the Habitual Offender Act before its amendment by 1994 PA 110.", "\n[5] 438 Mich 55; 475 NW2d 231 (1991).", "\n" ]

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[ "Image copyright AFP\n\nUS retailer Walmart has apologised after a picture emerged of a gun cabinet in one of its stores beneath a sign reading \"own the school year like a hero\".", "\n\nThe retailer tweeted the display was \"horrible\" and \"truly awful,\" and said it would investigate how it came to be.", "\n\nThe image has been widely shared on Reddit and Twitter, with many users questioning how it had happened.", "\n\nIn recent years, the US has seen a number of deadly school shootings.", "\n\nYou may also like:\n\nCharles Crowson, a spokesman for Walmart, told the BBC: \"What's seen in this photograph would never be acceptable in our stores.", "\n\n\"We regret this situation and are looking into how it could have happened.\"", "\n\nOn Reddit, commentators speculated whether the sign had been placed on top of the weapons cabinet by a member of staff or a customer, and done so on purpose or by accident.", "\n\nBy the BBC UGC and Social News team" ]

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[ "How difficult is it for cyber criminals to steal our identities?", "\n\nInternet security expert James Lyne bought the stolen credit and debit card details of 13 people on the dark web as part of a Panorama investigation.", "\n\nPanorama reporter Daniel Foggo went to meet one of them.", "\n\nYou can watch Panorama: How Hackers Steal Your ID here in full" ]

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[ "i haven't created it yet. ", " I was hoping to have the link there, so that I can \nput the file in the directory tomorrow morning (before you get in). ", " It will \nbe called \"curtailments.xls\". ", " \n\nMat\n\n\n \n\tEnron North America Corp.\n\t\n\tFrom: Amanda Huble 03/22/2001 03:37 PM\n\t\n\nTo: Matt Smith/NA/Enron@ENRON\ncc: \n\nSubject: Re: web link \n\nWhere is the file located?", "\n\n\n\n\n\nMatt Smith\n03/22/2001 02:33 PM\nTo: Amanda Huble/NA/Enron@Enron\ncc: \n\nSubject: web link\n\nAmanda,\n\nPlease add add a link called \"Plant Outages (portland)\", to the Gas \nFundamentals website under the Power tab. ", " The description is as follows:\n\n\"Query of Portland's database of plant outages for yesterday and today.\"", "\n\nThanks.", "\n\nMat" ]

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[ "Philosophy of Statistical Mechanics\n\nStatistical mechanics was the first foundational physical theory in\nwhich probabilistic concepts and probabilistic explanation played a\nfundamental role. ", "For the philosopher it provides a crucial test case\nin which to compare the philosophers' ideas about the meaning of\nprobabilistic assertions and the role of probability in explanation\nwith what actually goes on when probability enters a foundational\nphysical theory. ", "The account offered by statistical mechanics of the\nasymmetry in time of physical processes also plays an important role in\nthe philosopher's attempt to understand the alleged asymmetries of\ncausation and of time itself.", "\n\nFrom the seventeenth century onward it was realized that material\nsystems could often be described by a small number of descriptive\nparameters that were related to one another in simple lawlike ways.", "\nThese parameters referred to geometric, dynamical and thermal\nproperties of matter. ", "Typical of the laws was the ideal gas law that\nrelated product of pressure and volume of a gas to the temperature of\nthe gas.", "\n\nIt was soon realized that a fundamental concept was that of\nequilibrium. ", "Left to themselves systems would change the values of\ntheir parameters until they reached a state where no further changes\nwere observed, the equilibrium state. ", "Further, it became apparent that\nthis spontaneous approach to equilibrium was a time-asymmetric process.", "\nUneven temperatures, for example, changed until temperatures were\nuniform. ", "This same “uniformization” process held for densities.", "\n\nProfound studies by S. Carnot of the ability to extract mechanical\nwork out of engines that ran by virtue of the temperature difference\nbetween boiler and condenser led to the introduction by R. Clausius of\none more important parameter describing a material system, its entropy.", "\nHow was the existence of this simple set of parameters for describing\nmatter and the lawlike regularities connecting them to be explained?", "\nWhat accounted for the approach to equilibrium and its time asymmetry?", "\nThat the heat content of a body was a form of energy, convertible to\nand from mechanical work formed one fundamental principle. ", "The\ninability of an isolated system to spontaneously move to a more orderly\nstate, to lower its entropy, constituted another. ", "But why were these\nlaws true?", "\n\nOne approach, that of P. Duhem and E. Mach and the “energeticists,”\nwas to insist that these principles were autonomous phenomenological\nlaws that needed no further grounding in some other physical\nprinciples. ", "An alternative approach was to claim that the energy in a\nbody stored as heat content was an energy of motion of some kind of\nhidden, microscopic constituents of the body, and to insist that the\nlaws noted, the thermodynamic principles, needed to be accounted for\nout of the constitution of the macroscopic object out of its parts and\nthe fundamental dynamical laws governing the motion of those parts.", "\nThis is the kinetic theory of heat.", "\n\nEarly work on kinetic theory by W. Herepath and J. Waterston was\nvirtually ignored, but the work of A. Krönig made kinetic theory a\nlively topic in physics. ", "J. C. Maxwell made a major advance by deriving\nfrom some simple postulates a law for the distribution of velocities of\nthe molecules of a gas when it was in equilibrium. ", "Both Maxwell and L.\nBoltzmann went further, and in different, but related, ways derived an\nequation for the approach to equilibrium of a gas. ", "The equilibrium\ndistribution earlier found by Maxwell could then be shown to be a\nstationary solution of this equation.", "\n\nThis early work met with vigorous objections. ", "H. Poincaré had\nproven a recurrence theorem for bounded dynamical systems that seemed\nto contradict the monotonic approach to equilibrium demanded by\nthermodynamics. ", "Poincaré's theorem showed that any appropriately\nbounded system in which energy was conserved would of necessity, over\nan infinite time, return an infinite number of times to states\narbitrarily close to the initial dynamical state in which the system\nwas started. ", "J. Loschmidt argued that the time irreversibility of\nthermodynamics was incompatible with the symmetry under time reversal\nof the classical dynamics assumed to govern the motion of the molecular\nconstituents of the object.", "\n\nPartly driven by the need to deal with these objections explicitly\nprobabilistic notions began to be introduced into the theory by Maxwell\nand Boltzmann. ", "Both realized that equilibrium values for quantities\ncould be calculated by imposing a probability distribution over the\nmicroscopic dynamical states compatible with the constraints placed on\nthe system, and identifying the observed macroscopic values with\naverages over quantities definable from the microscopic states using\nthat probability distribution. ", "But what was the physical justification\nfor this procedure?", "\n\nBoth also argued that the evolution toward equilibrium demanded in\nthe non-equilibrium theory could also be understood probabilistically.", "\nMaxwell, introducing the notion of a “demon” who could manipulate the\nmicroscopic states of a system, argued that the law of entropic\nincrease was only probabilistically valid. ", "Boltzmann offered a\nprobabilistic version of his equation describing the approach to\nequilibrium. ", "Without considerable care, however, the Boltzmannian\npicture can still appear contrary to the objections from recurrence and\nreversibility interpreted in a probabilistic manner.", "\n\nLate in his life Boltzmann responded to the objections to the\nprobabilistic theory by offering a time-symmetric interpretation of the\ntheory. ", "Systems were probabilistically almost always close to\nequilibrium. ", "But transient fluctuations to non-equilibrium states could\nbe expected. ", "Once in a non-equilibrium state it was highly likely that\nboth after and before that state the system was closer to equilibrium.", "\nWhy then did we live in a universe that was not close to equilibrium?", "\nPerhaps the universe was vast in space and time and we lived in a\n“small” non-equilibrium fluctuational part of it. ", "We could only find\nourselves in such an “improbable” part, for only in such a region could\nsentient beings exist. ", "Why did we find entropy increasing toward the\nfuture and not toward the past? ", "Here the answer was that just as the\nlocal direction of gravity defined what we meant by the downward\ndirection of space, the local direction in time in which entropy was\nincreasing fixed what we took to be the future direction of time.", "\n\nIn an important work (listed in the bibliography), P. and T.\nEhrenfest also offered a reading of the Boltzmann equation of approach\nto equilibrium that avoided recurrence objections. ", "Here the solution of\nthe equation was taken to describe not “the overwhelmingly probable\nevolution” of a system, but, instead, the sequence of states that would\nbe found overwhelmingly dominant at different times in a collection of\nsystems all started in the same non-equilibrium condition. ", "Even if each\nindividual system approximately recurred to its initial conditions,\nthis “concentration curve” could still show monotonic change toward\nequilibrium from an initial non-equilibrium condition.", "\n\nMany of the philosophical issues in statistical mechanics center\naround the notion of probability as it appears in the theory. ", "How are\nthese probabilities to be understood? ", "What justified choosing one\nprobability distribution rather than another? ", "How are the probabilities\nto be used in making predictions within the theory? ", "How are they to be\nused to provide explanations of the observed phenomena? ", "And how are the\nprobability distributions themselves to receive an explanatory account?", "\nThat is, what is the nature of the physical world that is responsible\nfor the correct probabilities playing the successful role that they do\nplay in the theory?", "\n\nPhilosophers concerned with the interpretation of probability are\nusually dealing with the following problem: Probability is\ncharacterized by a number of formal rules, the additivity of\nprobabilities for disjoint sets of possibilities being the most central\nof these. ", "But what ought we to take the formal theory to be a theory\nof? ", "Some interpretations are “objectivist,” taking probabilities to be,\npossibly, frequencies of outcomes, or idealized limits of such\nfrequencies or perhaps measures of “dispositions” or “propensities” of\noutcomes in specified test situations.", "\n\nOther interpretations are “subjectivist,” taking probabilities to be\nmeasures of “degrees of belief,” perhaps evidenced in behavior in\nsituations of risk by choices of available lotteries over outcomes.", "\nStill another interpretation reads probabilities as measures of a kind\nof “partial logical entailment” among propositions.", "\n\nAlthough subjectivist (or, rather, logical) interpretations of\nprobability in statistical mechanics have been proffered (by E. Jaynes,\nfor example), most interpreters of the theory opt for an objectivist\ninterpretation of probability. ", "This still leaves open, however,\nimportant questions about just what “objective” feature the posited\nprobabilities of the theory are and how nature contrives to have such\nprobabilities evinced in its behavior.", "\n\nPhilosophers dealing with statistical explanation have generally\nfocussed on everyday uses of probability in explanation, or the use of\nprobabilistic explanations in such disciplines as the social sciences.", "\nSometimes it has been suggested that to probabilistically explain an\noutcome is to show it likely to have occurred given the background\nfacts of the world. ", "In other cases it is suggested that to explain an\noutcome probabilistically is to produce facts which raise the\nprobability of that outcome over what it would have been those facts\nbeing ignored. ", "Still others suggest that probabilistic explanation is\nshowing an event to have been the causal outcome of some feature of the\nworld characterized by a probabilistic causal disposition.", "\n\nThe explanatory patterns of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics\nplace the evolution of the macroscopic features of matter in a pattern\nof probabilities over possible microscopic evolutions. ", "Here the types\nof explanation offered do fit the traditional philosophical models. ", "The\nmain open questions concern the explanatory grounds behind the posited\nprobabilities. ", "In equilibrium theory, as we shall see, the statistical\nexplanatory pattern has a rather different nature.", "\n\nThe standard method for calculating the properties of an\nenergetically isolated system in equilibrium was initiated by Maxwell\nand Boltzmann and developed by J. Gibbs as the microcanonical ensemble.", "\nHere a probability distribution is imposed over the set of microscopic\nstates compatible with the external constraints imposed on the system.", "\nUsing this probability distribution, average values of specified\nfunctions of the microscopic conditions of the gas (phase averages) are\ncalculated. ", "These are identified with the macroscopic conditions. ", "But a\nnumber of questions arise: Why this probability distribution? ", "Why\naverage values for macroscopic conditions? ", "How do phase averages\nrelated to measured features of the macroscopic system?", "\n\nBoltzmann thought of the proper average values to identify with\nmacroscopic features as being averages over time of quantities\ncalculable from microscopic states. ", "He wished to identify the phase\naverages with such time averages. ", "He realized that this could be done\nif a system started in any microscopic state eventually went through\nall the possible microscopic states. ", "That this was so became known as\nthe ergodic hypothesis. ", "But it is provably false on topological and\nmeasure theoretic grounds. ", "A weaker claim, that a system started in any\nstate would go arbitrarily close to each other microscopic state is\nalso false, and even if true would not do the job needed.", "\n\nThe mathematical discipline of ergodic theory developed out of these\nearly ideas. ", "When can a phase average be identified with a time average\nover infinite time? ", "G. Birkhoff (with earlier results by J. von\nNeumann) showed that this would be so for all but perhaps a set of\nmeasure zero of the trajectories (in the standard measure used to\ndefine the probability function) if the set of phase points was\nmetrically indecomposable, that is if it could not be divided into more\nthan one piece such that each piece had measure greater than zero and\nsuch that a system started in one piece always evolved to a system in\nthat piece.", "\n\nBut did a realistic model of a system ever meet the condition of\nmetric indecomposability? ", "What is needed to derive metric\nindecomposability is sufficient instability of the trajectories so that\nthe trajectories do not form groups of non-zero measure which fail to\nwander sufficiently over the entire phase region. ", "The existence of a\nhidden constant of motion would violate metric indecomposability. ", "After\nmuch arduous work, culminating in that of Ya. ", "Sinai, it was shown that\nsome “realistic” models of systems, such as the model of a gas as “hard\nspheres in a box,” conformed to metric indecomposability. ", "On the other\nhand another result of dynamical theory, the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser\n(KAM) theorem shows that more realistic models (say of molecules\ninteracting by means of “soft” potentials) are likely not to obey\nergodicity in a strict sense. ", "In these cases more subtle reasoning\n(relying on the many degrees of freedom in a system composed of a vast\nnumber of constituents) is also needed.", "\n\nIf ergodicity holds what can be shown? ", "It can be shown that for all\nbut a set of measure zero of initial points, the time average of a\nphase quantity over infinite time will equal its phase average. ", "It can\nbe shown that for any measurable region the average time the system\nspends in that region will be proportional to the region's size (as\nmeasured by the probability measure used in the microcanonical\nensemble). ", "A solution to a further problem is also advanced. ", "Boltzmann\nknew that the standard probability distribution was invariant under\ntime evolution given the dynamics of the systems. ", "But how could we know\nthat it was the only such invariant measure? ", "With ergodicity we can\nshow that the standard probability distribution is the only one that is\nso invariant, at least if we confine ourselves to probability measures\nthat assign probability zero to every set assigned zero by the standard\nmeasure.", "\n\nWe have, then, a kind of “transcendental deduction” of the standard\nprobability assigned over microscopic states in the case of\nequilibrium. ", "Equilibrium is a time-unchanging state. ", "So we demand that\nthe probability measure by which equilibrium quantities are to be\ncalculated be stationary in time as well. ", "If we assume that probability\nmeasures assigning non-zero probability to sets of states assigned zero\nby the usual measure can be ignored, then we can show that the standard\nprobability is the only such time invariant probability under the\ndynamics that drives the individual systems from one microscopic state\nto another.", "\n\nAs a full “rationale” for standard equilibrium statistical\nmechanics, however, much remains questionable. ", "There is the problem\nthat strict ergodicity is not true of realistic systems. ", "There are many\nproblems encountered if one tries to use the rationale as Boltzmann\nhoped to identify phase averages with measured quantities relying on\nthe fact that macroscopic measurements take “long times” on a molecular\nscale. ", "There are the problems introduced by the fact that all of the\nmathematically legitimate ergodic results are qualified by exceptions\nfor “sets of measure zero.” ", "What is it physically that makes it\nlegitimate to ignore a set of trajectories just because it has measure\nzero in the standard measure? ", "After all, such neglect leads to\ncatastrophically wrong predictions when there really are hidden, global\nconstants of motion. ", "In proving the standard measure uniquely\ninvariant, why are we entitled to ignore probability measures that\nassign non-zero probabilities to sets of conditions assigned\nprobability zero in the standard measure? ", "After all, it was just the\nuse of that standard measure that we were trying to justify in the\nfirst place.", "\n\nIn any case, equilibrium theory as an autonomous discipline is\nmisleading. ", "What we want, after all, is a treatment of equilibrium in\nthe non-equilibrium context. ", "We would like to understand how and why\nsystems evolve from any initially fixed macroscopic state, taking\nequilibrium to be just the “end point” of such dynamic evolution. ", "So it\nis to the general account of non-equilibrium we must turn if we want a\nfuller understanding of how this probabilistic theory is functioning in\nphysics.", "\n\nBoltzmann provided an equation for the evolution of the distribution\nof the velocities of particles from a non-equilibrium initial state for\ndilute gases, the Boltzmann equation. ", "A number of subsequent equations\nhave been found for other types of systems, although generalizing to,\nsay, dense gases has proven intractable. ", "All of these equations are\ncalled kinetic equations.", "\n\nHow may they be justified and explained? ", "In the discussions\nconcerning the problem of irreversibility that ensued after Boltzmann's\nwork, attention was focussed on a fundamental assumption he made: the\nhypothesis with regard to collision numbers. ", "This time-asymmetrical\nassumption posited that the motions of the molecules in a gas were\nstatistically uncorrelated prior to the molecules colliding. ", "In\nderiving any of the other kinetic equations a similar such posit must\nbe made. ", "Some general methods for deriving such equations are the\nmaster equation approach and an approach that relies upon\ncoarse-graining the phase space of points representing the micro-states\nof the system into finite cells and assuming fixed transition\nprobabilities from cell to cell (Markov assumption). ", "But such an\nassumption was not derived from the underlying dynamics of the system,\nand, for all they knew so far, might have been inconsistent with that\ndynamics.", "\n\nA number of attempts have been made to do without such an assumption\nand to derive the approach to equilibrium out of the underlying\ndynamics of the system. ", "Since that dynamics is invariant under time\nreversal and the kinetic equations are time asymmetric, time asymmetry\nmust be put into the explanatory theory somewhere.", "\n\nOne approach to deriving the kinetic equations relies upon work\nwhich generalizes ergodic theory. ", "Relying upon the instability of\ntrajectories, one tries to show that a region of phase points\nrepresenting the possible micro-states for a system prepared in a\nnon-equilibrium condition will, if the constraints are changed,\neventually evolve into a set of phase points that is “coarsely” spread\nover the entire region of phase space allowed by the changed\nconstraints. ", "The old region cannot “finely” cover the new region by a\nfundamental theorem of dynamics (Liouville's theorem). ", "But, in a manner\nfirst described by Gibbs, it can cover the region in a coarse-grained\nsense. ", "To show that a collection of points will spread in such a way\n(in the infinite time limit at least) one tries to show the system\npossessed of an appropriate “randomization” property. ", "In order of\nincreasing strength such properties include weak-mixing, mixing, being\na K system or being a Bernoulli system. ", "Other, topological as opposed\nto measure-theoretic, approaches to this problem exist as well.", "\n\nAs usual, many caveats apply. ", "Can the system really be shown to have\nsuch a randomizing feature (in the light of the KAM theorem, for\nexample)? ", "Are infinite time limit results relevant to our physical\nexplanations? ", "If the results are finite time, are they relativized in\nthe sense of saying that they only hold for some coarse partitionings\nof the system rather than to those of experimental interest?", "\n\nMost importantly, mixing and its ilk cannot be the whole story. ", "All\nthe results of this theory are time symmetric. ", "To get time asymmetric\nresults, and to get results that hold in finite times and which show\nevolution in the manner described by the kinetic equation over those\nfinite times, requires an assumption as well about how the probability\nis to be distributed over the region of points allowed as representing\nthe system at the initial moment.", "\n\nWhat must that probability assumption look like and how may it be\njustified? ", "These questions were asked, and partly explored, by N.\nKrylov. ", "Attempts at rationalizing this initial probability assumption\nhave ranged from Krylov's own suggestion that it is the result of a\nnon-quantum “uncertainty” principle founded physically on the modes by\nwhich we prepare systems, to the suggestion that it is the result of an\nunderlying stochastic nature of the world described as in the\nGhirardi-Rimini-Weber approach to understanding measurement in quantum\nmechanics. ", "The status and explanation of the initial probability\nassumption remains the central puzzle of non-equilibrium statistical\nmechanics.", "\n\nThere are other approaches to understanding the approach to\nequilibrium at variance with the approaches that rely on mixing\nphenomena. ", "O. Lanford, for example, has shown that for an idealized\ninfinitely dilute gas one can show, for very small time intervals, an\noverwhelmingly likely behavior of the gas according to the Boltzmann\nequation. ", "Here the interpretation of that equation by the Ehrenfests,\nthe interpretation suitable to the mixing approach, is being dropped in\nfavor of the older idea of the equation describing the overwhelmingly\nprobable evolution of a system. ", "This derivation has the virtue of\nrigorously generating the Boltzmann equation, but at the cost of\napplying only to one severely idealized system and then only for a very\nshort time (although the result may be true, if unproven, for longer\ntime scales). ", "Once again an initial probability distribution is still\nnecessary for time asymmetry.", "\n\nThe thermodynamic principles demand a world in which physical\nprocesses are asymmetric in time. ", "Entropy of an isolated system may\nincrease spontaneously into the future but not into the past. ", "But the\ndynamical laws governing the motion of the micro-constituents are, at\nleast on the standard views of those laws as being the usual laws of\nclassical or quantum dynamics, time reversal invariant. ", "Introducing\nprobabilistic elements into the underlying theory still does not by\nitself explain where time asymmetry gets into the explanatory account.", "\nEven if, following Maxwell, we take the Second Law of thermodynamics to\nbe merely probabilistic in its assertions, it remains time\nasymmetric.", "\n\nThroughout the history of the discipline suggestions have often been\nmade to the effect that some deep, underlying dynamical law itself\nintroduces time asymmetry into the motion of the\nmicro-constituents.", "\n\nOne approach is to deny the time asymmetry of the dynamics governing\nthe micro-constituents and to look for a replacement law that is\nitself time asymmetric. ", "A modern version of this looks to an\ninterpretation of quantum mechanics that seeks to explain the\nnotorious “collapse of the wave packet” upon measurement. ", "Ghirardi,\nRimini and Weber (GRW) have posited the existence of a purely\nstochastic process deeper than that of the usual quantum evolution.", "\nThis pure chance process will quickly drive macroscopic systems into\nnear eigenfunctions of position while leaving isolated micro-systems\nin superposition states. ", "The stochastic process is asymmetric in time\n(as is the collapse of the wave function upon measurement). ", "D. Albert\nhas suggested that such a GRW process, if real, might also be invoked\nto account for the time asymmetry of the dynamics of systems that\nneeds to be accounted for in thermodynamics. ", "The time asymmetry of\nthe GRW collapse might work by directly affecting the dynamics of the\nsystem, or it might do its job by appropriately randomizing the\ninitial states of isolated systems. ", "Little has yet been done to fill\nin the details to see if the posited GRW processes could, if real,\naccount for the know thermodynamic asymmetries. ", "And, of course, there\nis much skepticism that the GRW processes are even real.", "\n\nOther proposals take the entropic change of a system to be mediated\nby an actually uneliminable “interference” into the system of random\ncausal influences from outside the system. ", "It is impossible, for\nexample, to genuinely screen the system from subtle gravitational\ninfluences from the outside. ", "The issue of the role of external\ninterference in the apparently spontaneous behavior of what is\nidealized as an isolated system has been much discussed. ", "Here the\nexistence of special systems (such as spin echo systems encountered in\nnuclear magnetic resonance) plays a role in the arguments. ", "For these\nsystems seem to display spontaneous approach to equilibrium when\nisolated, yet can have their apparent entropic behavior made to “go\nbackward” with an appropriate impulse from out side the system. ", "This\nseems to show entropic increase without the kind of interference from\nthe outside that genuinely destroys the initial order implicit in the\nsystem. ", "In any case, it is hard to see how outside interference would\ndo the job of introducing time asymmetry unless such asymmetry is put\nin “by hand” in characterizing that interference.", "\n\nIt was Boltzmann who first proposed a kind of “cosmological”\nsolution to the problem. ", "As noted above he suggested a universe overall\nclose to equilibrium with “small” sub-regions in fluctuations away from\nthat state. ", "In such a sub-region we would find a world far from\nequilibrium. ", "Introducing the familiar time-symmetric probabilistic\nassumptions, it becomes likely that in such a region one finds states\nof lower entropy in one time direction and states of higher entropy in\nthe other. ", "Then finish the solution by introducing the other Boltzmann\nsuggestion that what we mean by the future direction of time is fixed\nas that direction of time in which entropy is increasing.", "\n\nCurrent cosmology sees quite a different universe than that posited\nby Boltzmann. ", "As far as we can tell the universe as a whole is in a\nhighly non-equilibrium state with parallel entropic increase into the\nfuture everywhere. ", "But the structure of the cosmos as we know it allows\nfor an alternative solution to the problem of the origin of time\nasymmetry in thermodynamics. ", "The universe seems to be spatially\nexpanding, with an origin some tens of billions of years ago in an\ninitial singularity, the Big Bang. ", "Expansion, however, by itself does\nnot provide the time asymmetry needed for thermodynamics, for an\nexpanding universe with static or decreasing entropy is allowed by\nphysics. ", "Indeed, in some cosmological models in which the universe\ncontracts after expanding, it is usually, though not always, assumed\nthat even in contraction entropy continues to increase.", "\n\nThe source of entropic asymmetry is sought, rather, in the physical\nstate of the world at the Big Bang. ", "Matter “just after” the Big Bang is\nusually posited to be in a state of maximum entropy – to be in\nthermal equilibrium. ", "But this does not take account of the structure of\n“space itself,” or, if you wish, of the way in which the matter is\ndistributed in space and subject to the universal gravitational\nattraction of all matter for all other matter. ", "A world in which matter\nis distributed with uniformity is one of low entropy. ", "A high entropy\nstate is one in which we find a clustering of matter into dense regions\nwith lots of empty space separating these regions. ", "This deviation from\nthe usual expectation – spatial uniformity as the state of\nhighest entropy – is due to the fact that gravity, unlike the\nforces governing the interaction of molecules in a gas for example, is\na purely attractive force.", "\n\nOne can then posit an initial “very low entropy” state for the Big\nBang, with the spatial uniformity of matter providing an “entropic\nresevoir.” ", "As the universe expands, matter goes from a uniformly\ndistributed state with temperature also uniform to one in which matter\nis highly clumped into hot stars in an environment of cold empty space.", "\nOne then has the universe as we know it, with its thermally highly\nnon-equilibrium condition. “", "Initial low entropy,” then, will be a state\nin the past not (as far as we know) matched by any singularity of any\nkind, much less one of low entropy, in the future. ", "If one\nconditionalizes on that initial low entropy state one then gets, using\nthe time symmetric probabilities of statistical mechanics, a prediction\nof a universe whose entropy increased in time.", "\n\nBut it is not, of course, the entropy of the whole universe with which\nthe Second Law is concerned, but, rather, that of “small” systems\ntemporarily energetically isolated from their environments. ", "One can\nargue, in a manner tracing back to H. Reichenbach, that the entropic\nincrease of the universe as a whole will lead, again using the usual\ntime symmetric probabilistic posits, to a high probability that a\nrandom “branch system” will show entropic increase parallel to that of\nthe universe and parallel to that of other branch systems. ", "Most of the\narguments in the literature that this will be so are flawed, but the\ninference is reasonable nonetheless. ", "It has also been suggested that\nif one invokes some underlying statistical dynamic law (such as the\nGRW law noted above), one need not posit a branch system hypothesis in\naddition to initial low entropy to derive the thermodynamic\nresults.", "\n\nPositing initial low entropy for the Big Bang gives rise to its own\nset of “philosophical” questions: Given the standard probabilities in\nwhich high entropy is overwhelmingly probable, how could we explain the\nradically “unexpected” low entropy of the initial state? ", "Indeed, can we\napply probabilistic reasoning appropriate for systems in the universe\nas we know it to an initial state for the universe as a whole? ", "The\nissues here are reminiscent of the old debates over the teleological\nargument for the existence of God.", "\n\nIt comes as no surprise that the relationship of the older\nthermodynamic theory to the new statistical mechanics on which it is\n“grounded” is one of some complexity.", "\n\nThe older theory had no probabilistic qualifications to its laws.", "\nBut as Maxwell was clearly aware, it could not then be “exactly” true\nif the new probabilistic theory correctly described the world. ", "One can\neither keep the thermodynamic theory in its traditional form and\ncarefully explicate the relationship its principles bear to the newer\nprobabilistic conclusions, or one can, as has been done in deeply\ninteresting ways, generate a new “statistical thermodynamics” that\nimports into the older theory probabilistic structure.", "\n\nConceptually the relationship of older to newer theory is quite\ncomplex. ", "Concepts of the older theory (volume, pressure, temperature,\nentropy) must be related to the concepts of the newer theory (molecular\nconstitution, dynamical concepts governing the motion of the molecular\nconstituents, probabilistic notions characterizing either the states of\nan individual system or distributions of states over an imagined\nensemble of systems subject to some common constraints).", "\n\nA single term of the thermodynamic theory such as\n‘entropy’ will be associated with a wide variety of\nconcepts defined in the newer account. ", "There is, for example, Boltzmann\nentropy which is the property of a single system defined in terms of\nthe spatial and momentum distribution of its molecules. ", "On the other\nhand there are the Gibbs'entropies, definable out of the probability\ndistribution over some Gibbsian ensemble of systems. ", "Adding even more\ncomplications there is, for example, Gibbs' fine grained entropy which\nis defined by the ensemble probability alone and is very useful in\ncharacterizing equilibrium states and Gibbs' coarse grained entropy\nwhose definition requires some partitioning of the phase space into\nfinite cells as well as the original probability distribution and which\nis a useful concept in characterizing approach to equilibrium from the\nensemble perspective. ", "In addition to these notions which are measure\ntheoretic in nature, there are topological notions which can play the\nrole of a kind of entropy as well.", "\n\nNothing in this complexity stands in the way of claiming that\nstatistical mechanics describes the world in a way that explains why\nthermodynamics works and works as well as it does. ", "But the complexity\nof the inter-relationship between the theories should make the\nphilosopher cautious in using this relationship as a well understood\nand simple paradigm of inter-theoretic reduction.", "\n\nIt is of some philosophical interest that the relationship of\nthermodynamics to statistical mechanics shows some similarity to\naspects uncovered in functionalist theories of the mind-body\nrelationship. ", "Consider, for example, the fact that systems of very\ndifferent physical constitutions (say a gas made up of molecules\ninteracting by means of forces on the one hand and on the other hand\nradiation whose components are energetically coupled wave lengths of\nlight) can share thermodynamic features. ", "They can, for example, be at\nthe same temperature. ", "Physically this means that the two systems, if\ninitially in equilibrium and then energetically coupled, will retain\ntheir original equilibrium conditions. ", "The parallel with the claim that\na functionally defined mental state (a belief, say) can be instantiated\nin a wide variety of physical devices is clear.", "\n\nWe have noted that it was Boltzmann who first suggested that our\nvery concept of the future direction of time was fixed by the direction\nin time in which entropy was increasing in our part of the universe.", "\nNumerous authors have followed up this suggestion and the “entropic”\ntheory of time asymmetry remains a much debated topic in the philosophy\nof time.", "\n\nWe must first ask what the theory is really claiming. ", "In a sensible\nversion of the theory there is no claim being made to the effect that\nwe find out the time order of events by checking the entropy of systems\nand taking the later event as the one in which some system has its\nhigher entropy. ", "The claim is, rather, that it is the facts about the\nentropic asymmetry of systems in time that “ground” the phenomena that\nwe usually think of as marking out the asymmetrical nature of time\nitself.", "\n\nWhat are some features whose intuitive temporal asymmetry we think\nof as, perhaps, “constituting” the asymmetrical nature of time? ", "There\nare asymmetries of knowledge: We have memories and records of the past,\nbut not of the future. ", "There are asymmetries of determination: We think\nof causation as going from past through present to future, and not of\ngoing the other way round. ", "There are asymmetries of concern: We may\nregret the past, but we anxiously anticipate the future. ", "There are\nalleged asymmetries of “determinateness” of reality: It is sometimes\nclaimed that past and present have determinate reality, but that the\nfuture, being a realm of mere possibilities, has no such determinate\nbeing at all.", "\n\nThe entropic theory in its most plausible formulation is a claim to\nthe effect that we can explain the origin of all of these intuitive\nasymmetries by referring to fact about the entropic asymmetry of the\nworld.", "\n\nThis can be best understood by looking at the very analogy used by\nBoltzmann: the gravitational account of up and down. ", "What do we mean by\nthe downward direction at a spatial location? ", "All of the phenomena by\nwhich we intuitively identify the downward direction (as the direction\nin which rocks fall, for example) receive an explanation in terms of\nthe spatial direction of the local gravitational force. ", "Even our\nimmediate awareness of which direction is down is explainable in terms\nof the effect of gravity on the fluid in our semi-circular canals. ", "It\ncomes as no shock to us at all that “down” for Australia is in the\nopposite direction as “down” for Chicago. ", "Nor are we dismayed to be\ntold that in outer space, far from a large gravitating object such as\nthe Earth, there is no such thing as the up-down distinction and no\ndirection of space which is the downward direction.", "\n\nSimilarly the entropic theorist claims that it is the entropic\nfeatures that explain the intuitive asymmetries noted above, that in\nregions of the universe in which the entropic asymmetry was\ncounter-directed in time the past-future directions of time would be\nopposite, and that in a region of the universe without an entropic\nasymmetry neither direction of time would count as past or as\nfuture.", "\n\nThe great problem remains in trying to show that the entropic\nasymmetry is explanatorily adequate to account for all the other\nasymmetries in the way that the gravitational asymmetry can account for\nthe distinction of up and down. ", "Despite many interesting contributions\nto the literature on this, the problem remains unresolved.", "\n\nMost foundational inquiry into statistical mechanics presumes a\nclassical dynamical basis for describing the dynamics of the\nconstituent components of macroscopic systems. ", "But this cannot be\ncorrect, of course, since that underlying dynamics must be quantum\nmechanical. ", "Gibbs was cautious in claiming a simple explanatory role\nfor his ensemble version of statistical mechanics, for example, since\nit led to notoriously false predictions for such macroscopic features\nof systems as their specific heat. ", "It was later realized that the\nfault here lay not in Gibbs' statistical mechanics but in assuming\nclassical dynamics at the constituent level. ", "Once systems were\nre-described on the correct quantum mechanical basis the predictive\nerrors disappeared.", "\n\nNaturally changing to a quantum mechanical basis leads to wholesale\nchanges within statistical mechanics. ", "A new notion of phase space\nwith probabilities over it is needed, for example. ", "Does this mean,\nthough, that the foundational explorations presupposing classical\nmechanics are now irrelevant?", "\n\nWe have already noted that some proposals have been made that seek for\nthe grounding of the very probabilistic nature of statistical\nmechanics in the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum\nmechanics at the dynamical level, or, rather, in some interpretation\nof how probability functions in the roots of quantum mechanics.", "\n\nEven without going that far, though, the shift to a quantum dynamical\nbasis just require some rethinking of subtle issues in the\nfoundational debates. ", "From the earliest days Poincare's Recurrence\nTheorem was a problem for statistical mechanics. ", "With a classical\ndynamical basis a reply could be made that while the Theorem held for\nindividual systems of the concern of the theory, it would not\nnecessarily hold of an ensemble of such systems. ", "Once one moves to a\nquantum mechanical basis this “way out” is no longer available. ", "In\nboth dynamical frameworks, however, a move to the thermodynamic limit\nof an infinite number of constituents for a system can eliminate the\napplicability of the theorem as an objection to the monotonicity of\nthermodynamic change being unobtainable in statistical mechanics.", "\n\nOne of the most striking macroscopic feature of systems is the\nexistence of multiple phases (gas, liquid and solid, for example, or\ndiamagnetic and ferromagnetic for another) and the transitions between\nthose phases as thermodynamic features such as temperature and\npressure or imposed magnetization are varied. ", "Early work on phase\ntransitions focused on the way in which quantities changed in a\nnon-analytic manner from phase to phase, even though statistical\nmechanics seemed to show that such non-analytic behavior was\nimpossible, at least for systems with a finite number of constituents.", "\nHere resort was often to going to the “thermodynamic limit” of an\nidealized infinite system.", "\n\nMore recently methods have been developed for dealing with some phase\ntransitions that not only supplement the standard explanatory schemes\nof traditional statistical mechanics, but that also provide insights\ninto the variety of forms scientific explanations can take. ", "The\nexplanatory program, use of the so-called “renormalization group”\ngives insight into why it is that systems of quite different physical\nnatures can show thermodynamic similarities in their transitions from\nphase to phase. ", "In some cases the nature of the transition is seen to\ndepend on a few abstract parameters and not on the physical details of\nthe system. ", "What matters are such things as the dimension of the\nsystem, the degrees of freedom of the dynamics of the constituents and\ngeneral limits on the interactions of the constituents with one\nanother such as short and very long range behavior of the relevant\nforces of interaction.", "\n\nThe trick is to look first at the interactions of nearest\nconstituents. ", "Then one moves to a block of constituents as it relates\nto nearest similar blocks. ", "The new block-to-block interaction can\nsometimes be obtained by a “scaling” of the original individual\nconstituent interaction. ", "One continues this process to the limit of\nan infinite system and looks for a limit point to the continually\nrescaled interaction. ", "From this limiting behavior the surprising\n“universal” features of the phase change can sometimes be found,\nexplaining the generality of similar phase transitions over diverse\nphysical systems.", "\n\nThe explanatory strategy here is quite unlike the usual one\nencountered in statistical mechanics and shows incisively how the\nspecifics of the physical systems crying out for explanation in\nscience can require the introduction of new methodological ploys if\nfull understanding is to be obtained. ", "In this the introduction of\nthese renormalization group methods resembles the way in which the\nneed to an atomistic account of macroscopic thermodynamic behavior\nitself required the new methods of statistical mechanics to be added\nto the older repertoire of typical dynamical explanations.", "\n\nA comprehensive treatment of the issues from a philosophical\nperspective is Sklar 1993. ", "Of important historical interest is\nReichenbach 1956. ", "An accessible and up-to-date discussion of the\nfundamental issues is Albert 2000. ", "The possible invocation of a time\nasymmetric law through the GRW approach is discussed in this book. ", "A\nspirited defense of the initial low entropy approach to time asymmetry\nis Price 1996. ", "Frigg 2008 reviews additional philosopher's work on the\nfoundational issues. ", "English translations of many original fundamental\npapers are in Brush 1965. ", "Brush 1976 provides an historical treatment\nof the development of the theory. ", "Two foundational works that are\nessential are Gibbs 1960 and Ehrenfest and Ehrenfest 1959. ", "Two works\nexplaining clearly and detail many of the technical aspects of\nfoundational statistical mechanics are Emch and Liu 2002 and Toda,\nKubo and Saito 1983. ", "These two works provide a thorough grounding on\nquantum statistical mechanics and how it differs from statistical\nmechanics grounded on classical theory. ", "An excellent introduction to\nphase change and renormalization group theory is Batterman 2002.", "\n\nFrigg, R., 2008, “A Field Guide to recent Work on the Foundations\nof Statistical Mechanics,” in D. Rickles (ed.), ", "The Ashgate\nCompanion to Contemporary Philosophy of Physics, London: Ashgate,\npp. ", "99-196." ]

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[ "Marginal cost of liberating ventilator-dependent patients after cardiac surgery in a stepdown unit.", "\nWith the recent changes in Medicare reimbursement for ventilator-dependent patients at skilled nursing facilities, hospitals may, by necessity, be required to liberate these patients from mechanical ventilation before discharge. ", "This study sought to determine the marginal cost of liberating ventilator-dependent patients in a cardiac stepdown unit. ", "By retrospective analysis, the complete billing records of all 15 ventilator-dependent patients were obtained and abstracted for each item used. ", "The drug or supply acquisition cost and direct variable cost of other items and labor were used to compute the daily and total marginal cost for each patient. ", "Of 15 patients, 13 were discharged alive and liberated from mechanical ventilation. ", "Length of stay was 28 +/- 23 days. ", "Average per diem cost was $438.77 +/- 152.34. ", "Costs were significantly higher in patients who required hemodialysis: $555.31 +/- 491.04 versus $380.54 +/- 272.25 (p < 0.01). ", "Ventilator-dependent patients can be inexpensively liberated from mechanical ventilation in a stepdown unit." ]

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[ "Insight : Season 2015 Episode 3 Leadership\n\nNews and Current Affairs\n\n53m 2015 Australia Available until 30 December 2020\n\nPlay Leadership 53m\n\nA panel of leaders from different fields sits down with host Jenny Brockie to discuss what it takes to be successful in the top job. ", "They explore how much ambition matters, the value of personal loyalty, when to listen to or ignore advice, and whether leading is innate or can be learned." ]

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[ "using UnityEngine;\nusing System.", "Collections.", "Generic;\nusing PF;\nusing Vector3 = UnityEngine.", "Vector3;\n#if UNITY_5_5_OR_NEWER\nusing UnityEngine.", "Profiling;\n#endif\n\nnamespace Pathfinding.", "RVO {\n\tusing Pathfinding.", "Util;\n\n\t/** Adds a navmesh as RVO obstacles.", "\n\t * Add this to a scene in which has a navmesh or grid based graph, when scanning (or loading from cache) the graph\n\t * it will be added as RVO obstacles to the RVOSimulator (which must exist in the scene).", "\n\t *\n\t * \\warning You should only have a single instance of this script in the scene, otherwise it will add duplicate\n\t * obstacles and thereby increasing the CPU usage.", "\n\t *\n\t * If you update a graph during runtime the obstacles need to be recalculated which has a performance penalty.", "\n\t * This can be quite significant for larger graphs.", "\n\t *\n\t * In the screenshot the generated obstacles are visible in red.", "\n\t * \\shadowimage{rvo/rvo_navmesh_obstacle.png}\n\t *\n\t * \\astarpro\n\t */\n\t[AddComponentMenu(\"Pathfinding/Local Avoidance/RVO Navmesh\")]\n\t[HelpURL(\"http://arongranberg.com/astar/docs/class_pathfinding_1_1_r_v_o_1_1_r_v_o_navmesh.php\")]\n\tpublic class RVONavmesh : GraphModifier {\n\t\t/** Height of the walls added for each obstacle edge.", "\n\t\t * If a graph contains overlapping regions (e.g multiple floor in a building)\n\t\t * you should set this low enough so that edges on different levels do not interfere,\n\t\t * but high enough so that agents cannot move over them by mistake.", "\n\t\t */\n\t\tpublic float wallHeight = 5;\n\n\t\t/** Obstacles currently added to the simulator */\n\t\treadonly List<ObstacleVertex> obstacles = new List<ObstacleVertex>();\n\n\t\t/** Last simulator used */\n\t\tSimulator lastSim;\n\n\t\tpublic override void OnPostCacheLoad () {\n\t\t\tOnLatePostScan();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic override void OnGraphsPostUpdate () {\n\t\t\tOnLatePostScan();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tpublic override void OnLatePostScan () {\n\t\t\tif (!", "Application.isPlaying) return;\n\n\t\t\tProfiler.", "BeginSample(\"Update RVO Obstacles From Graphs\");\n\t\t\tRemoveObstacles();\n\t\t\tNavGraph[] graphs = PathFindHelper.graphs;\n\t\t\tRVOSimulator rvosim = RVOSimulator.active;\n\t\t\tif (rvosim == null) throw new System.", "NullReferenceException(\"No RVOSimulator could be found in the scene. ", "Please add one to any GameObject\");\n\n\t\t\t// Remember which simulator these obstacles were added to\n\t\t\tlastSim = rvosim.", "GetSimulator();\n\n\t\t\tfor (int i = 0; i < graphs.", "Length; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tRecastGraph recast = graphs[i] as RecastGraph;\n\t\t\t\tINavmesh navmesh = graphs[i] as INavmesh;\n\t\t\t\tif (recast !", "= null) {\n\t\t\t\t\tforeach (var tile in recast.", "GetTiles()) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAddGraphObstacles(lastSim, tile);\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t} else if (navmesh !", "= null)\n\t\t\t\t{\n\t\t\t\t\tAddGraphObstacles(lastSim, navmesh);\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\tProfiler.", "EndSample();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tprotected override void OnDisable () {\n\t\t\tbase.", "OnDisable();\n\t\t\tRemoveObstacles();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t/** Removes all obstacles which have been added by this component */\n\t\tpublic void RemoveObstacles () {\n\t\t\tif (lastSim !", "= null) {\n\t\t\t\tfor (int i = 0; i < obstacles.", "Count; i++) lastSim.", "RemoveObstacle(obstacles[i]);\n\t\t\t\tlastSim = null;\n\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\tobstacles.", "Clear();\n\t\t}\n\n\t\t/** Adds obstacles for a navmesh/recast graph */\n\t\tvoid AddGraphObstacles (Pathfinding.", "RVO.Simulator simulator, INavmesh navmesh) {\n\t\t\tGraphUtilities.", "GetContours(navmesh, (vertices, cycle) => {\n\t\t\t\tvar verticesV3 = new Vector3[vertices.", "Count];\n\t\t\t\tfor (int i = 0; i < verticesV3.Length; i++) verticesV3[i] = (Vector3)vertices[i];\n\t\t\t\t// Pool the 'vertices' list to reduce allocations\n\t\t\t\tListPool<Int3>.Release(vertices);\n\t\t\t\tobstacles.", "Add(simulator.", "AddObstacle(verticesV3, wallHeight, cycle));\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n" ]

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[ "For time immemorial, humanity has looked at the world's oceans as a vast unending sea of resources, but imagine a Serengeti where the elephants and the lions are gone and the top consumers are termites and locusts. ", "That is what is happening in the ocean. ", "Join Dr. Jeremy Jackson as he considers the biological future of the oceans in the context of accelerated human disturbance. ", "Series: \"Perspectives on Ocean Science\" [7/2004] [Science] [Show ID: 8555]" ]

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[ "The major function of absorbent articles such as diapers and adult incontinence briefs is to prevent body exudates from soiling, wetting, or otherwise contaminating clothing or other articles, such as bedding, that may come in contact with the wearer. ", "In recent years, disposable diapers, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "5,151,092 issued to Buell et al., ", "have become very popular end have generally replaced durable cloth absorbent articles because of their convenience and reliability. ", "However, despite the effectiveness of such disposable absorbent articles, body exudates often still leak or are stored in the diaper such that the exudates soil and/or irritate the skin of the wearer. ", "Additionally, body exudates often adhere aggressively to skin, increasing the difficulty of cleaning and increasing the likelihood of chronic residual contamination.", "\nThe undesirable effects of leakage and/or improper containment, difficult cleanup, and/or residual skin contamination are especially evident with regard to fecal matter deposited in the diaper. ", "Feces contained in the diaper can harm the skin of the wearer over time and feces leaking from the diaper almost invariably presents unpleasant, messy clean-ups. ", "Thus, several attempts have been made to add features to diapers such as barriers, pockets, spacers, transverse barriers and the like to limit the movement of the fecal material across the topsheet and/or to better confine the fecal matter in the diaper. ", "However, such attempts have been generally unsuccessful due to their cost and complexity. ", "Several attempts have also been made to provide topsheets with large apertures through which bodily wastes can pass without resistance. (", "An example of an aperture in an article applied to the buttocks is disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application No. ", "HEI 2-31756, filed on Jul. 22, 1988 and published on Feb. 1, 1990.) ", "However, such embodiments are difficult to use because in order to provide any benefit, the caregiver must properly align the aperture with the wearer's anus and/or urethra. ", "This is an especially difficult task when diapering an active child or when fitting a garment to one's self Further, the aperture must somehow be maintained in the proper position throughout the time the diaper is worn in order to be effective.", "\nAccordingly, it would be desirable to provide an element which helps keep feces and other bodily exdates form the away from the skin of the wearer. ", "Further, it would be advantageous to provide an economical disposable article with the ability to minimize the negative effects of feces or other bodily waste on the wearer or the +caregiver. ", "It would also be advantageous to provide an article which can be used in conjunction with an absorbent article which permits bodily exudates to pass in one direction but which resists their passage in the opposite direction. ", "It would also be desirable to provide a barrier sheet which can be used in conjunction with a disposable article which provides an aperture through which bodily exudates can pass where necessary in response to the bodily exudates being expelled from the body. ", "Finally, it would be advantageous to provide such a barrier sheet which is able to be dissolved by bodily exudates moving away from the skin, but resistant to passage of such exudates back toward the skin." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHide tabbar when camera is open\n\nEveryone I am working on a tabbar-based app. ", "I open camera on a screen in order to picture. ", "But when camera is open, i cant see the Take photo button on the bottom. ", "My guess is that the button gets hidden behind the tab bar. ", "If I am right then I need to remove tab bar on the camera screen. ", "Can anyone please tell me how I can remove the tab bar on the camera screen?", "\nI am using this to display the camera:\n[self presentModalViewController:imagePickerController animated:YES];\n\nMy app is tabbar-based and this code is written in a view controller which is associated with a tab bar item.", "\nif (!", "imagePickerController) {\nimagePickerController = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];\nimagePickerController.delegate = self;\n\n// If our device has a camera, we want to take a picture, otherwise, we just pick from\n// photo library\nif ([UIImagePickerController isSourceTypeAvailable:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera])\n{\n [imagePickerController setSourceType:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera];\n}else\n{\n [imagePickerController setSourceType:UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary];\n UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@\"Attention\" message:@\"Your device does not support taking photos from camera. ", "Redirecting you to Photos Library instead.\" ", "delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@\"OK\" otherButtonTitles:nil];\n [alert show];\n}\n\n// image picker needs a delegate so we can respond to its messages\nimagePickerController.delegate = self;\n}\n// Place image picker on the screen\n[self presentModalViewController:imagePickerController animated:YES];\n\nA:\n\nPresent the image-picker controller from the tab-bar controller instead of the view controller it contains. ", "In other words:\n[self.tabBarController presentModalViewController:imagePickerController animated:YES];\n\n" ]

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[ "Officials evacuated an apartment building and closed part of the traffic circle in Winooski for hours Tuesday.", "Police and firefighters were called to the scene about 3 p.m.Watch this story | Download the WPTZ appIt was not clear how many people were evacuated from the building.", "Officials said a clandestine drug lab was found in one apartment. ", "They described the situation as an isolated incident.", "Vermont State Police said a hazmat team was called to the scene to assist with the situation.", "Officials said there was no reason to believe there was threat of explosion but weren't taking any chances.", "\"With a situation like this, safety is paramount. ", "Especially when you're dealing with a dense area like this,\" said Rick Coffey, acting city manager. \"", "We didn't want to mess around with any risks.", "\"No injuries were reported.", "The west side of the traffic circle, for travelers going south to Burlington, West Center Street and West Canal Street, was closed until after 10 p.m.A shelter was open for those unable to return to their homes. ", "It was at the O'Brien Community Center on Mallets Bay Avenue.", "Bars and restaurants were also closed. ", "Police have not said if anyone was in custody or facing charges.9233958\n\nOfficials evacuated an apartment building and closed part of the traffic circle in Winooski for hours Tuesday.", "\n\nPolice and firefighters were called to the scene about 3 p.m.\n\nAdvertisement Related Content BHO lab caused Winooski apartment evacuation, traffic circle closure\n\nWatch this story | Download the WPTZ app\n\nIt was not clear how many people were evacuated from the building.", "\n\nOfficials said a clandestine drug lab was found in one apartment. ", "They described the situation as an isolated incident.", "\n\nVermont State Police said a hazmat team was called to the scene to assist with the situation.", "\n\nOfficials said there was no reason to believe there was threat of explosion but weren't taking any chances.", "\n\n\n\n\"With a situation like this, safety is paramount. ", "Especially when you're dealing with a dense area like this,\" said Rick Coffey, acting city manager. \"", "We didn't want to mess around with any risks.\"", "\n\nNo injuries were reported.", "\n\nThe west side of the traffic circle, for travelers going south to Burlington, West Center Street and West Canal Street, was closed until after 10 p.m.\n\nA shelter was open for those unable to return to their homes. ", "It was at the O'Brien Community Center on Mallets Bay Avenue.", "\n\nBars and restaurants were also closed. ", "Police have not said if anyone was in custody or facing charges.", "\n\n9233958" ]

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[ "Extreme-sports fans offered tough compact camera\n\nDive-proof, ski-proof and frost-proof\n\nAgfaPhoto has designed a compact camera that appears to have been tailored for the needs of divers, hikers and skiers.", "\n\nAgfaPhoto's Optima 830UW: fit for sporty types\n\nThe 8Mp Optima 830UW can be submerged into water to depths of up to 10m, which is good news for fans of watersports. ", "It's also frost-proof, according to AgfaPhoto, and able survive temperatures as low as -5°C.", "\n\nIf you're up a rock face and camer falls out of your pocket, it'll survive the drop - provided you're no more than a metre above what it lands on. ", "You might feel a little shaken if you fall too, but the 830UW's on-board image stabilisation should ensure that your pictures are still in focus.", "\n\nA healthy 21 pre-set scene modes are included, including underwater and night-shot settings, and there’s also a mode for creating 360° panoramic pictures.", "\n\nEight million pixels and frost-proofing\n\nThe camera has a 3x optical zoom and top ISO sensitivity of 1600. ", "Around the back there’s a 2.5in display.", "\n\nAgfaPhoto’s Optima 830UW is available now in North America for around $350 (£248/€277). ", "A UK launch date or price hasn’t been disclosed. ", "®" ]

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[ "Robert Brenner.", "\n\n\n\nMarxist economist Robert Brenner was interviewed by Seongjin Jeong for Hankyoreh, one of South Korea’s leading daily newspapers. ", "The interview was published on January 22, 2009.", "\n\n* * *\n\nSeongjin Jeong: Most media and analysts label the current crisis as a ``financial crisis''. ", "Do you agree with this characterisation?", "\n\nRobert Brenner: It's understandable that analysts of the crisis have made the meltdown in banking and the securities markets their point of departure. ", "But the difficulty is that they have not gone any deeper. ", "From US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and US Federal Reserve chair Ben Bernanke on down, they argue that the crisis can be explained simply in terms of problems in the financial sector. ", "At the same time, they assert that the underlying real economy is strong, the so-called fundamentals in good shape.", "\n\nThis could not be more misleading. ", "The basic source of today's crisis is the declining vitality of the advanced economies since 1973 and, especially, since 2000. ", "Economic performance in the US, western Europe and Japan has steadily deteriorated, business cycle by business cycle in terms of every standard macroeconomic indicator -- GDP, investment, real wages and so forth. ", "Most telling, the business cycle that just ended, from 2001 through 2007, was by far the weakest of the postwar period, and this despite the greatest government-sponsored economic stimulus in US peacetime history.", "\n\nHow would you explain the long-term weakening of the real economy since 1973, what you call in your work ``the long downturn’’?", "\n\nWhat mainly accounts for it is a deep, and lasting, decline of the rate of return on capital investment since the end of the 1960s. ", "The failure of the rate of profit to recover is all the more remarkable, in view of the huge drop-off in the growth of real wages over the period. ", "The main cause, though not the only cause, of the decline in the rate of profit has been a persistent tendency to overcapacity in global manufacturing industries.", "\n\nWhat happened was that one after another new manufacturing powers entered the world market --Germany and Japan, the northeast Asian newly indistrialising countries (NICs), the South East Asian ``Tigers'' and, finally, the Chinese leviathan.", "\n\nThese later-developing economies produced the same goods that were already being produced by the earlier developers, only cheaper. ", "The result was too much supply compared to demand in one industry after another, and this forced down prices and in that way profits. ", "The corporations that experienced the squeeze on their profits did not, moreover, meekly leave their industries. ", "They tried to hold their place by falling back on their capacity for innovation, speeding up investment in new technologies.", "\n\nBut of course this only made overcapacity worse. ", "Due to the fall in their rate of return, capitalists were getting smaller surpluses from their investments. ", "They therefore had no choice but to slow down the growth of plant and equipment and employment. ", "At the same time, in order to restore profitability, they held down employees' compensation, while governments reduced the growth of social expenditures.", "\n\nBut the consequence of all these cutbacks in spending has been a long-term problem of aggregate demand. ", "The persistent weakness of aggregate demand has been the immediate source of the economy’s long term weakness.", "\n\nThe crisis was actually triggered by the bursting of the historic housing bubble, which had been expanding for a full decade. ", "What is your view of its significance?", "\n\nThe housing bubble needs to be understood in relation to the succession of asset price bubbles that the economy has experienced since the middle 1990s, and especially role of the US Federal Reserve in nurturing those bubbles. ", "Since the start of the long downturn, state economic authorities have tried to cope with the problem of insufficient demand by encouraging the increase of borrowing, both public and private. ", "At first, they turned to state budget deficits, and in this way they did avoid really deep recessions. ", "But, as time went on, governments could get ever less growth from the same amount of borrowing.", "\n\nIn effect, in order stave off the sort of profound crises that historically have plagued the capitalist system, they had to accept a slide toward stagnation. ", "During the early 1990s, governments in the US and Europe, led by the US administration of US President Bill Clinton, famously tried to break their addiction to debt by moving together toward balanced budgets. ", "The idea was to let the free market govern the economy. ", "But, because profitability had still not recovered, the reduction in deficits delivered a big shock to demand, and helped bring about the worst recessions and slowest growth of the postwar era between 1991 and 1995.", "\n\nTo get the economy expanding again, US authorities ended up adopting an approach that had been pioneered by Japan during the later 1980s. ", "By keeping interest rates low, the Federal Reserve made it easy to borrow so as to encourage investment in financial assets. ", "As asset prices soared, corporations and households experienced huge increases in their wealth, at least on paper. ", "They were therefore able to borrow on a titanic scale, vastly increase their investment and consumption, and in that way, drive the economy.", "\n\nSo, private deficits replaced public ones. ", "What might be called “asset price Keynesianism” replaced traditional Keynesianism. ", "We have therefore witnessed for the last dozen years or so the extraordinary spectacle of a world economy in which the continuation of capital accumulation has come literally to depend upon historic waves of speculation, carefully nurtured and rationalised by state policy makers and regulators -- first the historic stock market bubble of the later 1990s, then the housing and credit market bubbles from the early 2000s.", "\n\nYou were prophetic in forecasting the current crisis as well as the 2001 recession. ", "What is your outlook for the global economy? ", "Will it worsen, or will it recover before the end of 2009? ", "Do you expect that the current crisis will be as severe as the Great Depression?", "\n\nThe current crisis is more serious than the worst previous recession of the postwar period, between 1979 and 1982, and could conceivably come to rival the Great Depression, though there is no way of really knowing.", "\n\nEconomic forecasters have underestimated how had bad it is because they have overestimated the strength of the real economy and failed to take into account the extent of its dependence upon a build up of debt that relied on asset price bubbles. ", "In the US, during the recent business cycle of the years 2001-2007, GDP growth was by far the slowest of the postwar epoch. ", "There was no increase in private sector employment. ", "The increase in plant and equipment was about a third off the previous the postwar low. ", "Real wages were basically flat. ", "There was no increase in median family income for the first time since WWII. ", "Economic growth was driven entirely by personal consumption and residential investment, made possible by easy credit and rising house prices.", "\n\nEconomic performance was this weak, even despite the enormous stimulus from the housing bubble and the Bush administration's huge federal deficits. ", "Housing by itself accounted for almost one-third of the growth of GDP and close to half of the increase in employment in the years 2001-2005. ", "It was therefore to be expected that when the housing bubble burst, consumption and residential investment would fall, and the economy would plunge.", "\n\nMany assert that the current crisis is a typical ``Minsky crisis'' not a Marxian one, arguing that that the financial speculation bubble bust has played the central role in this crisis. ", "How would you respond?", "\n\nI don’t think it's helpful to counterpose in that way the real and financial aspects of the crisis. ", "As I emphasised, it is a Marxian crisis, in that it finds its roots in a long-term fall and failure to recover of the rate of profit, which is the fundamental source of the extended slowdown of capital accumulation right into the present. ", "In 2001, the rate of profit for US non-financial corporations was the lowest of the postwar period, except for 1980.", "\n\nCorporations therefore had no choice but to hold back on investment and employment, but this made the problem of aggregate demand worse, further darkening the business climate. ", "This is what accounts for the ultra-slow growth during the business cycle that just ended.", "\n\nNevertheless, to understand the current collapse, you have to demonstrate the connection between the weakness of the real economy and the financial meltdown. ", "The main link is the economy’s ever-increasing dependence on borrowing to keep it turning over and the governments' ever greater reliance on asset price run-ups to allow that borrowing to continue.", "\n\nThe basic condition for the housing and credit market bubbles was the perpetuation of low costs of borrowing. ", "The weakness of the world economy, especially after the crises of 1997-1998 and 2001-2002, plus East Asian governments’ huge purchases of dollars to keep their currencies down and US consumption growing, made for unusually low long-term interest rates. ", "At the same time, the US Fed kept short-term interest rates lower than at any time since the 1950s.", "\n\nBecause they could borrow so cheaply, banks were willing to extend loans to speculators, whose investments drove the price of assets of every type ever higher and the return on lending (interest rates on bonds) ever lower.", "\n\nSymptomatically, housing prices soared and the yield in real terms on US treasury bonds plunged. ", "But because yields fell ever lower, institutions the world over that depended on returns from lending, had an ever more difficult time making sufficient profits. ", "Pensions funds and insurance companies were particularly hard hit, but hedge funds and investment banks were also affected. ", "These institutions were therefore all too ready to make massive investments in securities backed by highly dubious sub-prime mortgages because of the unusually high returns they offered, ignoring their unusually high risk. ", "In fact, they could not get enough of them. ", "Their purchases of mortgage-backed securities allowed mortgage originators to keep lending to ever less-qualified borrowers.", "\n\nThe housing bubble reached historic proportions, and the economic expansion was allowed to continue. ", "But, of course, this could not go on for very long. ", "When housing prices fell, the real economy went into recession and the financial sector experienced a meltdown, because both had depended for their dynamism on the housing bubble. ", "Today, the recession is making the meltdown worse because it is exacerbating the housing crisis. ", "The meltdown is intensifying the recession because it is making access to credit so difficult. ", "It is the mutually reinforcing interaction between the crisis in the real economy and financial sector that has made the downward slide so intractable for policy makers and the potential for catastrophe so evident.", "\n\nEven if one grants that postwar capitalism entered a period of long downturn in the 1970s, it seems undeniable that the neoliberal capitalist offensive has prevented the worsening of the downswing since the 1980s.", "\n\nIf you mean by neoliberalism the turn to finance and deregulation, I do not see that it helped the economy. ", "But, if you mean by it, the stepped-up assault by employers and governments on workers' wages, working conditions and the welfare state, there can be little doubt that it prevented the fall in the rate of profit from getting worse. ", "Even so, the employers’ offensive did not wait until the so-called neoliberal era of the 1980s. ", "It began in the wake of the fall of profitability, starting in the early 1970s, along with Keynesianism. ", "It did not, moreover, result in recovery of the rate of profit and only further exacerbated the problem of aggregate demand. ", "The weakening of aggregate demand ultimately impelled economic authorities to turn to more powerful and dangerous forms of economic stimulus, the “asset price Keynesianism” that led to the current disaster.", "\n\nSome have argued that a new paradigm of ``financialisation’’ or ``finance-led capitalism’’ has sustained a so-called ``Capital Resurgent’’ (Gerard Dumenil) between the 1980s and the present. ", "What do you think of the thesis of ``financialisation’’ or ``finance-led capitalism’’?", "\n\nThe idea of a finance led-capitalism is a contradiction in terms, because, speaking generally -- there are significant exceptions, like consumer lending -- sustained financial profit making depends on sustained profit making in the real economy. ", "To respond to the fall in the rate of profit in the real economy, some governments, led by the US, encouraged a turn to finance by deregulating the financial sector. ", "But, because the real economy continued to languish, the main result of deregulation was to intensify competition in the financial sector, which made profit making more difficult and encouraged ever greater speculation and taking of risks.", "\n\nLeading executives in investment banks and hedge funds were able to make fabulous fortunes, because their salaries depended on short-run profits. ", "They were able to secure temporarily high returns by expanding their firms' assets/lending and increasing risk. ", "But this way of doing business, sooner or later, came at the expense of the executives own corporations’ long-term financial health, leading, most spectacularly, the fall of Wall Street's leading investment banks.", "\n\nEvery so-called financial expansion since the 1970s very quickly ended in a disastrous financial crisis and required a massive bail-out by the state. ", "This was true of the Third World lending boom of the 1970s and early 1980s; the savings and loans run-up, the leveraged buyout mania, and the commercial real estate bubble of the 1980s; the stockmarket bubble of the second half of the 1990s; and of course the housing and credit market bubbles of the 2000s. ", "The financial sector appeared dynamic only because governments were prepared to go to any lengths to support it.", "\n\nKeynesianism or statism seems poised to return as the new Zeitgeist. ", "What is your general assessment of resurgent Keynesianism or statism? ", "Can it help to resolve, or at least, alleviate the current crisis?", "\n\nGovernments today really have no choice but to turn to Keynesianism and the state to try to save the economy. ", "After all, the free market has shown itself totally incapable of preventing or coping with economic catastrophe, let alone securing stability and growth. ", "That’s why the world's political elites, who only yesterday were celebrating deregulated financial markets, are suddenly now all Keynesians.", "\n\nBut there is reason to doubt that Keynesianism in the sense of huge government deficits and easy credit to pump up demand can have the impact that many expect. ", "After all, during the past seven years, thanks to the borrowing and spending encouraged by the US Federal Reserve’s housing bubble and the Bush administration's budget deficits, we witnessed what was, in effect, probably the greatest Keynesian economic stimulus in peacetime history. ", "Yet, we got the weakest business cycle in the postwar epoch.", "\n\nToday, the challenge is much greater. ", "As the housing bubble collapses and credit becomes harder to come by, households are cutting back on consumption and residential investment. ", "As a consequence, corporations are experiencing falling profits. ", "They are therefore cutting back on wages and laying-off workers at a rapid pace, detonating a downward spiral of declining demand and declining profitability. ", "Households had long counted on rising house prices to enable them to borrow more and to do their saving for them. ", "But now, because of the build-up of debt, they will have to reduce borrowing and increase saving at the very time that the economy most needs them to consume.", "\n\nWe can expect that much of the money that the government places in the hands of households will be saved, not spent. ", "Since Keynesianism could barely move the economy during the expansion, what can we expect from it in the worst recession since the 1930s? ", "To have a significant effect on the economy, the Obama administration will likely have to contemplate a huge wave of direct or indirect government investment, in effect a form of state capitalism. ", "To actually accomplish this however would require overcoming enormous political and economic obstacles.", "\n\nUS political culture is enormously hostile to state enterprise. ", "At the same time, the level of expenditure and state indebtedness that would be required could threaten the US dollar. ", "Until now, East Asian governments have been happy to fund US external and government deficits, in order to sustain US consumption and their own exports. ", "But, with the crisis overtaking even China, these governments may lose the capacity to finance US deficits, especially as they grow to unprecedented size. ", "The truly terrifying prospect of a run on the dollar looms in the background.", "\n\nWhat is your general assessment of the victory of Barack Obama in the last US presidential election? ", "Do you think Obama is a ``lesser evil'', compared to the Bush administration? ", "Many regard Obama as a FDR of the 21st century. ", "Indeed, Obama promises a ``new New Deal''. ", "Do you think the anti-capitalist progressives can give critical support to some of his ``new New Deal''?", "\n\nThe triumph of Obama in the election is to be welcomed. ", "A victory for John McCain would have been a victory for the Republican Party and given an enormous boost to the most reactionary forces on the US political scene. ", "It would have been seen as an endorsement of the Bush administration’s hyper-militarism and imperialism, as well as its explicit agenda of eliminating what is left of the trade unions, the welfare state and environmental protection.", "\n\nThat said, Obama is -- like Roosevelt -- a centrist Democrat, who cannot be expected, on his own, to do much to defend the interests of the vast majority of working people, who will be subjected to an accelerating assault from corporations trying to make up for their collapsing profits by reducing employment, compensation and so forth.", "\n\nObama's backed the titanic bailout of the financial sector, which represents perhaps the greatest robbery of the US taxpayer in history, especially as it came with no strings attached for the banks. ", "He also supported the bail-out of the auto industry, even though it is conditional on massive cuts in the compensation of auto workers. ", "The bottom line is that, like Roosevelt, Obama can be expected to take decisive action in defence of working people only if he is pushed by way of organised direct action from below. ", "The Roosevelt administration passed the main progressive legislation of the New Deal, including the Wagner Act and the Social Security Act, only after it was pressured to do so by a great wave of mass strikes. ", "We can expect the same from Obama.", "\n\nAccording Rosa Luxemburg, and recently David Harvey, capitalism overcomes its tendency to crisis by way of geographical expansion. ", "According to Harvey, this is often facilitated by massive state investments in infrastructure, to back up private capital investment, often foreign direct investment. ", "Do you think that capitalism can find an exit from the current crisis, in Harvey’s terminology, by way of a ``spatio-temporal-spatial fix’’?", "\n\nThis is a complex issue. ", "I think, first of all, it's true and critically important to say that geographical expansion has been essential to every great wave of capital accumulation. ", "You might say that growth of the size of the labour force and growth of the system’s geographical space are the sine qua non, the essentials, for capitalist growth.", "\n\nThe postwar boom is a good example, as it featured spectacular expansions of capital into the US south and southwest and into war-torn western Europe and Japan. ", "Investment by US corporations played a critical role, not only in the US but in western Europe in this epoch.", "\n\nWithout question, this expansion of the labour force and the capitalist geographical arena was indispensable for the high profit rates that made the postwar boom so dynamic. ", "From a Marxist standpoint, this was a classical wave of capital accumulation and, necessarily, entailed both the sucking in of huge masses of labour from outside the system, especially from the pre-capitalist countryside in Germany and Japan, and the incorporation or re-incorporation of additional geographical space on an a huge scale.", "\n\nNevertheless, I think that by and large the pattern of the long downturn, since the late 1960s and early 1970s, has been different. ", "It is true that capital responded to falling profitability by further expansion outward, seeking to combine advanced techniques with cheap labour. ", "East Asia is of course the fundamental case, and unquestionably represents a world-historical moment, a fundamental transformation, for capitalism. ", "But, though expansion into East Asia represented a response to falling profitability, it has not, I think, constituted a satisfactory solution. ", "This is because, at the end of the day, the new manufacturing production that has emerged so spectacularly in East Asia is to a great extent duplicating the manufacturing production already taking place elsewhere, though taking place more cheaply.", "\n\nThe problem is on a system-wide scale, it's more exacerbating than resolving the problem of overcapacity. ", "In other words, globalisation has been a response to falling profitability, but because its new industries are not, basically, complementary for the world division of labour, but redundant, you have had a continuation of the problem of profitability.", "\n\nThe bottom line, I think, is that to actually resolve the problem of profitability that has so long plagued the system -- slowing capital accumulation and calling forth ever greater levels of borrowing to sustain stability -- the system requires the crisis that has so long been postponed.", "\n\nBecause the problem is overcapacity, massively exacerbated by the build-up of debt, what is still required is, as in the classical vision, a shake out from the system of high-cost, low-profit firms, the subsequent cheapening of means of production, and the reduction of the price of labour. ", "It’s by way of crisis that, historically, capitalism has restored the rate of profit and established the necessary conditions for more dynamic capital accumulation. ", "During the postwar period, crisis has been warded off, but the cost has been a failure to revive profitability leading to worsening stagnation. ", "The current crisis is about that shakeout that never happened.", "\n\nSo you think that only the crisis can resolve the crisis? ", "That's a classical Marxian answer.", "\n\nI think that that is probably the case. ", "The analogy would be this. ", "At first, in the early 1930s, the New Deal and Keynesianism were ineffective. ", "In fact, through the length of the 1930s, there was a failure to establish the conditions for a new boom, as was demonstrated when the economy fell back into the deep recession of 1937-1938. ", "But, eventually, as a result of the long crisis in the 1930s, you shook out the high cost, low profit means of production, creating the basic conditions for high rates of profit. ", "So, by the end of the 1930s, you could say that the potential rate of profit was high and all that was missing was a shock to demand. ", "That demand was provided of course by the massive spending on armaments for World War II.", "\n\nSo, during the war, you got high rates of profit and those high rates of profit provided the necessary condition for the postwar boom. ", "But I don't think that Keynesian deficits could have worked even if they had been tried in 1933, because you needed, in Marxian terms, a system-cleansing crisis first.", "\n\nDo you think that the current crisis will lead to a challenge to US hegemony? ", "World-system theorists, like Immanuel Wallerstein ... are arguing that the hegemony of US imperialism is declining.", "\n\nThis is again a very complex question. ", "Perhaps I am mistaken, but I think that many of those who believe that there has been a decline in US hegemony basically view US hegemony as mainly an expression of US geopolitical power and, in the end, US force. ", "From this standpoint, it's mainly US dominance that makes for US leadership, it's US power over and against other countries that keeps the US on top. ", "I don't see US hegemony that way. ", "I see the elites of the world, especially the elites of the capitalist core broadly conceived, as being very happy with US hegemony because what it means for them is that the US assumes the role and the cost of world policemen. ", "This is true, I think, of the elites even of most poor countries today. ", "What is the goal of the US world policeman? ", "It's not to attack other countries. ", "Mainly, it's to keep social order on a world scale, to create stable conditions for global capital accumulation. ", "It's main purpose is to wipe out any popular challenges to capitalism, to support the existing structures of class relations.", "\n\nFor most of the postwar period, there were nationalist-statist challenges, especially from below, to the free rein of capital. ", "They unquestionably were met by the most brutal US force, the most naked expressions of US domination. ", "Although within the core there was US hegemony, outside of it there was dominance. ", "But, with the fall of the Soviet Union, and China and Vietnam taking the capitalist road, and the defeat of national liberation movements in places like southern Africa and Central America, resistance to capital in the developing world was very much weakened, at least for the time being.", "\n\nSo, today, the governments and elites not only of western and eastern Europe, Japan and South Korea, but also Brazil, India and China -- most any place you can name -- would prefer the continuation of US hegemony. ", "US hegemony will fall not because of the rise of a another power capable of contending for world domination.", "\n\nAbove all, China prefers US hegemony. ", "The US is not planning to attack China and, until now, the US has kept its market wide open to Chinese exports. ", "With the US providing the role of world policeman and insuring ever freer trade and capital movements, China has been allowed to compete in terms of cost of production, on an equal playing field, and this has been incredibly beneficial to China -- it couldn't be better.", "\n\nCan the US continue its hegemony in the current crisis? ", "This is a much harder question. ", "But I think that, in the first instance, the answer is yes. ", "The world's elites want more than anything to sustain the current globalising order, and the US is key to that. ", "None of the world's elites are trying to exploit the crisis and the United States' enormous economic problems, to challenge US hegemony.", "\n\nChina keeps saying, “We're not going to continue to pay for the US to continue its profligate ways'', referring to the manner China covered record-breaking US current account deficits during the past decade and to the titanic US budget deficits now being created. ", "But, do you think China has now cut the US off? ", "Not at all. ", "China is still pouring as much money as it can into the US to try to keep the US economy going, so that China can keep developing the way it did.", "\n\nBut, of course what is desired is not always possible. ", "The depth of the Chinese crisis may be so great that it can no longer afford to finance US deficits. ", "Or, the assumption of ever greater US deficits and printing of money by the Federal Reserve could lead to the collapse of the dollar, detonating true catastrophe. ", "In either case, all bets are off. ", "If those things happened, there would have to be a construction of a new order. ", "But, under conditions of deep crisis that would be extremely difficult. ", "Indeed, under such conditions, the US, as well as other states, could easily turn to protection, nationalism, and even war.", "\n\nI think, as of this moment, the elites of the world still are trying to avoid this -- they are not ready for it. ", "What they want to is to keep markets open, keep trade open. ", "This is because they understand that the last time states resorted to protectionism to solve the problem was at the time of the Great Depression, and this made the depression way worse, because in effect, when some states started to protect, everybody moved to protection, and the world market closed down. ", "Next, of course, came militarism and war.", "\n\nThe closing of world markets would obviously be disastrous today, so elites and governments are doing their very best to prevent a protectionist, statist, nationalist, militarist outcome. ", "But politics is not just an expression of what the elites want, and what elites want changes over time. ", "Elites are, moreover, generally divided and politics has autonomy. ", "So, for example, it can hardly be ruled out that, if the crisis gets very bad -- which would not at this point be a big surprise -- you would see a return of far-right politics, a politics of protectionism, militarism, anti-immigration, nationalism. ", "This sort of politics not only could have broad popular appeal. ", "Growing sections of business might find it the only way out, as they see their markets collapse, the system in depression, see a need for protection from competition and state subsidies of demand by way of military spending.", "\n\nThis was, of course, the response that prevailed in much of Europe and Japan during the crisis of the interwar period. ", "Today, the right wing is on its heels, because of the failures of the Bush administration and because of the crisis. ", "But, if the Obama administration is unable to counter the economic collapse, the right could easily come back, especially because the Democrats are really offering no ideological alternative.", "\n\nYou spoke about a potential crisis in China. ", "What do you think of the current state of Chinese economy?", "\n\nI think the Chinese crisis is going to be a lot worse than people expect, and this is for two main reasons. ", "The first is that the US crisis, and the global crisis more generally, is much more serious than people expected, and in the last analysis, the fate of the Chinese economy is inextricably dependent on the fate of the US economy, the global economy.", "\n\nThis is not only because China has depended to such a great extent on exports to the US market. ", "It is also because most of the rest of the world is also so dependent on the US, and that especially includes Europe. ", "If I'm not mistaken, Europe recently became China's biggest export market. ", "But, as the crisis originating in the US brings down Europe, Europe's market for Chinese goods will also contract. ", "So, the situation for China is much worse than what people expect, because the economic crisis is much worse than people expected.", "\n\nSecond, in people's enthusiasm for what has been China's truly a spectacular economic growth, they have ignored the role of bubbles in driving the China's economy. ", "China has grown, basically by way of exports, and particularly a growing trade surplus with the US. ", "Because of this surplus, the Chinese government has had to take political steps to keep the Chinese currency down and Chinese manufacturing competitive. ", "Specifically, it has bought up US dollar-denominated assets on a titanic scale by printing titanic amounts of the renminbi, the Chinese currency. ", "But the result has been to inject huge amounts of money into the Chinese economy, making for ever easier credit over a long period.", "\n\nOn the one hand, enterprises and local governments have used this easy credit to finance massive investment. ", "But, this has made for ever greater overcapacity. ", "On the other hand, they have used the easy credit to buy land, houses, shares and other sorts of financial assets. ", "But this has made for massive asset price bubbles, which have played a part, as in the US, in allowing for more borrowing and spending. ", "As the Chinese bubbles burst, the depth of the overcapacity will be made clear. ", "As the Chinese bubbles burst, you will also have, as across much of the rest of the world, a huge hit to consumer demand and disruptive financial crisis.", "\n\nSo, the bottom line is, the Chinese crisis is very serious, and could make the global crisis much more severe.", "\n\nSo you think the capitalist logic of overproduction is also applied to China?", "\n\nYes, just like in South Korea and much of East Asia in later the 1990s. ", "It's not that dissimilar. ", "The only thing that hasn't happened yet is the kind of revaluation of the currency that really killed the South Korean manufacturing expansion. ", "The Chinese government is doing everything to avoid that.", "\n\nThen you do not agree with the characterisation of Chinese society as a kind of ``non-capitalist market economy''?", "\n\nNot at all.", "\n\nSo you think China is currently capitalist?", "\n\nI think it's fully capitalist. ", "You might say that China had a market non-capitalist economy maybe through the 1980s, when it had very impressive growth by means of the town and village enterprises. ", "The town and village enterprises were publicly owned, owned by local governments, but operated on a market basis. ", "That economic form, you might say, initiated the transition to capitalism. ", "So perhaps up to maybe the early 1990s, it was still a kind of non-capitalist market society, especially because there was still such a big industrial sector owned and planned by the central state. ", "But, from that point on, there was a transition to capitalism, which has certainly by now been completed.", "\n\nWhat do you think of the severity of the coming South Korean economic crisis? ", "Do you think it could be more severe than the IMF crisis of 1997-1998? ", "In order to cope with the coming crisis, the Lee Myung-bak government is now reviving Park Chung-Hee style state-led investment for the construction of huge social infrastructure, especially Korean peninsula's ``Great Canal’’, while copying Obama's green-growth policies. ", "However, Lee Myung-bak's government still tries to stick to the neoliberal deregulation policies of the post-1997 crisis period, especially by turning to the US-Korea Free Trade Agreement. ", "You might call this a hybrid approach, combining what seems to be an anachronist return to a Park Chung-Hee style state-led method of development with contemporary neoliberalism. ", "Will it be effective in combating or alleviating the coming crisis?", "\n\nI'm doubtful that it will be effective. ", "This is not necessarily because it represents a throwback to Park's state-led organised capitalism or because it embraces neoliberalism. ", "It is because, whatever its internal form, it continues to depend on globalisation at a time when the global crisis is bringing about an extraordinary contraction of the world market.", "\n\nWe were just talking about China, and I was arguing that China is likely to be in serious trouble. ", "But, China has low wages, potentially a huge domestic market, so over time it could conceivably have a better shot than South Korea of confronting the crisis, though I'm far from sure about this.", "\n\nSouth Korea, I think, will be hard hit. ", "It was hard hit in 1997-1998, but was saved by the US stockmarket bubble and the resulting growth of US borrowing, spending and imports. ", "But, when the US stockmarket bubble burst in 2000-2002, South Korea went into what promised to be an ever more serious crisis than 1997-1998. ", "Nevertheless, the US housing bubble came to the rescue of South Korea during the recent period. ", "But, now the US bubble, the second US bubble, has collapsed, and there's no third bubble to get South Korea out of the current crisis. ", "It's not necessarily because South Korea is doing the wrong thing. ", "It's because I don't think there's going to be an easy way out for any part of what has become a truly global, interdependent capitalist system.", "\n\nSo what you are saying is that external environment is far worse than ever before?", "\n\nThat's the main point.", "\n\nWhat then are the urgent tasks of progressives in South Korea? ", "South Korean progressives are very critical of Lee Myung-bak. ", "They usually support the growth of the welfare state and redistribution of income as an alternative to Lee's project of investing in Canal construction, of big social overhead capital. ", "This is the hot issue in South Korean society today. ", "South Korean progressives point out that although Lee Myung-bak talks about green growth, his construction project would destroy whole environments. ", "Do you agree with them?", "\n\nOf course, we should oppose such ecologically disastrous projects.", "\n\nDo you think that building a Swedish-type welfare state would be the reasonable strategy for South Korean progressives in the midst of the economic crisis?", "\n\nI think the most important thing South Korean progressives could do would be to restrengthen the organisations of Korean labour. ", "Only by rebuilding the South Korean working-class movement could the left build the power that it needs to win whatever demands it is advocating. ", "The only way that working people can really develop their power is through building new organisations in the course of struggle and, it's only in the course of struggle, that they are likely to come to a progressive politics, or indeed decide what a progressive politics actually should be at this moment.", "\n\nI think the best way to forge a left political response today is to help the people most affected to gain the organisation and power to decide what's collectively in their interests. ", "So, rather than try to figure out now, from above in a technocratic way, what's the best answer, the key for the left is to catalyse the reconstitution of the power of working people.", "\n\nThe South Korean labour movement has obviously been weakened a great deal since the crisis of 1997-1998. ", "At a minimum, the priority for progressives is to do what they can to improve the environment for labour organising, for restrengthening the trade unions right now.", "\n\nThat goes for everywhere around the world. ", "That's the key objective. ", "Without the revival of working-class power, the left will quickly find that most issues of government policy are truly academic. ", "I mean if the left is to affect state policy, there must be a change, a big change, in the balance of class power.", "\n\nDo you expect that there will be an opening for progressives in a world with recent failures of neoliberalism?", "\n\nThe defeat of neoliberalism is definitely creating major opportunities that the left did not have before. ", "Neoliberalism never much appealed to large parts of the population. ", "Working people never identified with free markets, free finance and all that. ", "But I think that large sections of the population were convinced that this was the only alternative, they were convinced of TINA [there is no alternative]. ", "But, now the crisis has revealed the total bankruptcy of the neoliberal mode of economic organisation, and you can already see the change.", "\n\nIt has been very powerfully manifested in the opposition by US working people to the bail-outs for the banks and financial sector. ", "What they are saying today is that, “We are told that saving the financial institutions, the financial markets, is the key to restoring the economy, prosperity. ", "But we don't believe it. ", "We don't want any more of money going to these people who are just robbing us.” ", "So there is a big vacuum ideologically. ", "Thus there is a big opening for left ideas.", "\n\nThe problem is that there is very little organisation of working people, let alone any political expression. ", "So one can say there is this very big opportunity created by the change in the political environment, or the ideological climate, but that by itself is not going to provide a progressive outcome. ", "So, again, the top priority for progressives -- for any left activists -- where they should be active is in trying to revive the organisations of working people.", "\n\nWithout the re-creation of working class power, few progressive gains will be possible, and the only way to recreate that power is by way of mobilisation for direct action. ", "Only through working people taking action, collectively and en masse, will they be able to create the organisation and amass the power necessary to provide the social basis, so to speak, for a transformation of their own consciousness, for political radicalisation." ]

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[ "Spoiler Warning!", "\n\nIt’s been a long midseason break, and it’s fantastic to have The Flash back on our screens. ", "After spending much of the first half of the season building towards the Legends of Tomorrow spinoff with elements like Hawkgirl and Hawkman being introduced alongside the Atom, The Flash finally has the time to divert its attention to the season-long arc that has been building up and Potential Energy delivers for the most part, even if it may suffer from some flaws.", "\n\nThe episode itself honed the attention on Patty and Barry’s romantic pairing, which as expected, is just a diversion from the inevitable one between Barry and Iris. ", "It went some way to put an end to the romance between the two, and thankfully, the show didn’t fall victim to the trope of killing off a superhero’s love interest. ", "Maybe something like that it would have happened on Arrow, (and it might have done in the midseason finale), but here, Patty gets a lighter farewell, at least for now. ", "The episode was all building up to the moment where Barry would confess the truth to Patty or not, with some good moments throughout the episode that put an interesting villain, The Turtle, in the spotlight.", "\n\nWhen that aforementioned villain is played by former Battlestar Galactica (Chief Tyrol!) ", "star Aaron Douglas, it certainly makes for an interesting episode even if The Flash does, by avoiding the love interest getting killed storyline, use the clichéd love interest getting captured storyline, which isn’t much better. ", "The Turtle was a good villain and not just because he was played by Aaron Douglas, but also because his power was pretty cool, with the ability to slow down time making it an effective way to negate Barry’s powers at least, until he managed to find a way to stop him. ", "The fact that The Turtle has been a long ongoing problem that Cisco and S.T.A.R. Labs only now had finally had a chance of stopping was a nice addition, especially as Barry only found out about him after multiple Central City Police Officers and Iris did.", "\n\nBryan Q. Miller will be instantly recognisable to Smallville fans for his work on the comics series and it was great to have him work on the episode with a balanced pacing script that handles action and family drama well, not overloading on one or the other and finding a nice middle ground. ", "The fact that Turtle isn’t the main focus of the episode allows for more focus on matters elsewhere, and means that his powers don’t get boring and repetitive after a while. ", "The West family drama also made a return this week as we got to meet Wally West (Keiynan Lonsdale), and it’s clear that it isn’t going to be an easy ride. ", "I didn’t like the whole Fast and Furious/Fan4tasic vibe that they had going on with Wally’s character in regards to the street racing scenario, but maybe that’s just me. ", "It was a way of showing that Wally doesn’t really care that much about what his father has to say with legal matters even though he’s a police officer, and sets up the promise of an eventual Barry/Wally interaction very well indeed. ", "It remains to be seen when Wally will inherit the powers of The Flash like his comics counterpart, but there’s a lot of potential still to be had with this storyline even if it didn’t get off to the best start.", "\n\nPatty and Barry’s breakup this week was handled well and it’s easy to see why. ", "Patty has been put in more danger since her arrival on the show than any other female protagonist, and it’s easy to see why she’s had enough. ", "But that said, she’s proved that she’s capable of handling herself, and means that the team who know about Barry’s identity doesn’t gain another member. ", "At this point, much like with Arrow, far too many people know for it to be that much of a secret anymore.", "\n\nThe final few moments of the episode also came on a welcome note as we got a nice Wells monologue. ", "He isn’t going to bow down to Zoom and is prepared to go to any means necessary to stop him, as is evidenced by his talk about his daughter. ", "He’s afraid when he loses her and it will be interesting to see if he inevitably, at some point down the line, gains the power of Reverse Flash and becomes a speedster himself like his Earth 1 counterpart. ", "There’s plenty of potential there to develop with the Wells storyline as we ask the question, is he doomed to be evil? ", "Or will he remain on Barry’s side? ", "It’s pretty clear that this is going to be a long term development though, whatever happens.", "\n\nOn the whole, this was a solid episode of The Flash. ", "The show didn’t return with the most groundbreaking episode yet, but it didn’t need to. ", "Packing a powerful punch in the storyline despite some flaws it finally got things on track as we head into the rest of the season.", "\n\nThe Flash returns next Tuesday at 8pm on the CW!" ]

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[ "\r\n\r\nMatter of Tai-Gi K. (Nadine B.) (2020 NY Slip Op 00586)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\nMatter of Tai-Gi K. (Nadine B.)\n\n\n2020 NY Slip Op 00586\n\n\nDecided on January 29, 2020\n\n\nAppellate Division, Second Department\n\n\nPublished by New York State Law Reporting Bureau pursuant to Judiciary Law § 431.", "\n\n\nThis opinion is uncorrected and subject to revision before publication in the Official Reports.", "\n\n\n\r\nDecided on January 29, 2020\r\nSUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK\r\nAppellate Division, Second Judicial Department\r\n\r\nREINALDO E. RIVERA, J.P.\r\nRUTH C. BALKIN\r\nJOHN M. LEVENTHAL\r\nANGELA G. IANNACCI, JJ.", "\r\n\r\n\n2019-01966\r\n (Docket No. ", "B-15886-17)\r\n\r\n[*1]In the Matter of Tai-Gi K. Q.-N. B. (Anonymous). ", "Heartshare St. Vincent's Services, respondent; Nadine B. (Anonymous), appellant.", "\r\n\n\nCenter for Family Representation, Inc., New York, NY (Emily S. Wall, Michele Cortese, and Vasilios Stotis of counsel), for appellant.", "\nWingate Kearney & Cullen, LLP, Brooklyn, NY (Claire Steinman of counsel), for respondent.", "\nJanet E. Sabel, New York, NY (Dawne Mitchell and Patricia Colella of counsel), attorney for the child.", "\n\nDECISION & ORDER\nIn a proceeding pursuant to Social Services Law § 384-b, the mother appeals from an order of fact-finding and disposition of the Family Court, Queens County (Diane Costanzo, J.), dated January 14, 2019. ", "The order, after fact-finding and dispositional hearings, found that the mother permanently neglected the subject child, terminated her parental rights, and transferred guardianship and custody of the child to the petitioner and the Commissioner of Social Services of the City of New York for the purpose of adoption.", "\nORDERED that the order of fact-finding and disposition is reversed, on the facts, without costs or disbursements, the petition is denied, and the proceeding is dismissed.", "\nThe subject child, who was born on January 15, 2012, entered foster care on June 15, 2012, based on allegations that starting when he was four days old, the mother left him with a neighbor for five months without making a plan for his care or providing any provisions, financial assistance, or contact information. ", "On August 7, 2017, the petitioner commenced this proceeding to terminate the mother's parental rights, alleging that the child was permanently neglected. ", "By proceeding on this ground, the petitioner was obligated to prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that the mother \"failed for a period of either at least one year or fifteen out of the most recent twenty-two months following the date [the] child came into the [petitioner's] care . . . ", "substantially and continuously or repeatedly to maintain contact with or plan for the future of the child, although physically and financially able to do so, notwithstanding the [petitioner's] diligent efforts to encourage and strengthen the parental relationship when such efforts [would] not be detrimental to the best interests of the child\" (Social Services Law § 384-b[7][a]).", "\nThe evidence at the fact-finding hearing established that in May 2016, the mother had adequate housing for the child, that in June 2016, she had completed her service plan and was having [*2]unsupervised parental access with the child, and that in July 2016, she was having overnight and weekend parental access. ", "In November 2016, the Family Court directed that the petitioner implement a trial discharge to the mother, and a trial discharge commenced on December 23, 2016. ", "Although at that time the mother resided in Manhattan and the child was attending school in Brooklyn, the petitioner did not provide any assistance with regard to transferring the child to a school closer to the mother in Manhattan, did not provide any assistance with the child's transportation to and from his school in Brooklyn, and did not provide other appropriate services to the family. ", "The trial discharge failed in April 2017. ", "According to the petitioner's witness, the trial discharge failed after the petitioner became aware that the mother had not taken the child into her full-time custody. ", "According to the mother, the child spent weeknights with the foster mother in Brooklyn, because of the long commute between the mother's apartment in Manhattan and the child's school in Brooklyn. ", "After the trial discharge failed in April 2017, the mother consistently attended her scheduled supervised parental access two hours per week until the petition was filed on August 7, 2017.", "\nUnder the circumstances presented, the petitioner failed to establish by clear and convincing evidence that, during the relevant period of time, the mother failed to maintain contact with or plan for the future of the child, and further, that it made diligent efforts to encourage and strengthen the parental relationship (see Social Services Law § 384-b[7][a], [c], [f]; Matter of Legend S. [Tawana T.], 156 AD3d 438, 439-440). ", "Accordingly, the Family Court should have denied the petition and dismissed the proceeding.", "\nRIVERA, J.P., BALKIN, LEVENTHAL and IANNACCI, JJ., ", "concur.", "\r\nENTER:\r\nAprilanne Agostino\nClerk of the Court\n\n\n" ]

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[ "A2 Key\n\nA2 Key, previously known as Cambridge English: Key and the Key English Test (KET), is an English language examination provided by Cambridge Assessment English (previously known as Cambridge English Language Assessment and University of Cambridge ESOL examinations).", "\n\nA2 Key is targeted for novice students of English. ", "It tests for proficiency in simple communication to Level A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).", "\n\nA2 Key is offered in two versions:for school-aged learners; and for general and higher education adult learners.", "\n\nHistory \n\nA2 Key (previously known as the Key English Test (KET) and Cambridge English: Key) was developed through trials conducted between 1991 and 1994.", "\n\nIt was created to offer students a basic qualification in English and provide a first step for those wishing to progress towards higher level qualifications, such as B1 Preliminary, B2 First, C1 Advanced and C2 Proficiency. ", "An updated version of A2 Key was launched in March 2004, following a review with stakeholders.", "\n\nComparison of two versions of A2 Key\n\nA2 Key is designed for adult learners. ", "It is one of the exams that make up Cambridge English Qualifications for general and higher education.", "\nA2 Key for Schools is designed for school-aged learners. ", "It is one of the exams that make up Cambridge English Qualifications for Schools.", "\n\nThe two tests have the same exam format; e.g. number of papers, number of questions, and time allowance. ", "They both help students to develop real-life communication skills, and both lead to the same certificate.", "\n\nThe exams use different topics and content:\n A2 Key is targeted at the interests and experiences of adult learners and is designed to support a wide range of learners, whether they want to get into university, start their own business or develop their career.", "\n A2 Key for Schools is designed specifically for school-aged students. ", "The topics and tasks on the exam are designed to reinforce the learning students do in class.", "\n\nFormat \nBoth versions of the exam (A2 Key and A2 Key for Schools) are made up of three papers, which cover all four language skills (Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking).", "\n\nThe Speaking paper is taken face-to-face and candidates have the choice of taking the Reading and Writing paper and Listening paper on a computer or on a paper.", "\n\n1. ", "Reading and Writing (1 hour 10 minutes – 50% of total marks)\n\nThe Reading and Writing paper has nine parts and 56 questions. ", "Candidates are expected to be able to read and understand simple written information such as signs, brochures, newspapers and magazines.", "\n\nParts 1 to 5 focus on reading skills, including underlying knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. ", "The exam includes tasks such as supplying missing words, completing gapped sentences, selecting the right sentence for each gap in a given text, and completing multiple choice questions about a given text.", "\n\nParts 6 to 9 focus on writing skills, including underlying knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. ", "The exam includes tasks such as providing a word to match a definition, supplying words to complete spaces in a text, using information in a text to complete a document, and writing a short message of 25 – 30 words.", "\n\n2. ", "Listening (approximately 30 minutes – 25% of total marks)\n\nThe Listening paper has five parts comprising 25 questions. ", "Candidates are expected to understand spoken material in both informal and neutral settings on a range of everyday topics, when spoken reasonably slowly.", "\n\nPart 1 has five short conversations and three pictures. ", "Candidates listen for information such as prices, numbers, times, dates, locations, directions, shapes, sizes, weather, descriptions etc. ", "They then answer five multiple choice questions.", "\n\nPart 2 has a longer conversation related to topics such as daily life, travel, work or free time. ", "Candidates identify simple factual information in the conversation and match together two lists of words (e.g. names of people and the food they like to eat).", "\n\nPart 3 has another conversation. ", "Candidates listen for information in the conversation and answer five multiple choice questions.", "\n\nPart 4 has a recording of a conversation between two people. ", "Candidates write down information from the conversation to complete a message or notes.", "\n\nPart 5 has a recording of one person speaking. ", "Candidates write down information from the monologue to complete a message or notes.", "\n\n3. ", "Speaking (8–10 minutes – 25% of total marks)\n\nThe Speaking test has two parts and is conducted face-to-face with one or two other candidates and two examiners. ", "Candidates are expected to demonstrate conversation skills by answering and asking simple questions.", "\n\nPart 1 is a conversation with the examiner. ", "Candidates give personal information about themselves, e.g. about their daily life, interests, etc.", "\n\nPart 2 is a collaborative task with the other candidate(s). ", "The examiner gives each candidate a prompt card and asks them to talk with the other candidate(s) and ask and answer questions related to the prompt card.", "\n\nScoring \n\nIn February 2016, Cambridge English Scale scores replaced the candidate profile and standardised scores used for pre-2016 results. ", "All candidates (pre- and post-2016) receive a Statement of Results, with those scoring high enough also receiving a certificate.", "\n\nScoring from February 2016\n\nFrom 2016, the Statement of Results and the Certificate have the following information about the candidate's performance:\n A score on the Cambridge English Scale for each of the three papers (Reading and Writing, Listening and Speaking) \n A score on the Cambridge English Scale for the overall exam\n A grade (Pass with Distinction, Pass with Merit and Pass) for the overall exam\n A CEFR level for the overall exam.", "\n\nThe candidate's overall score is averaged from the individual scores for each paper (Reading and Writing, Listening and Speaking).", "\n\nCambridge English: Key is targeted at CEFR Level A2, but also provides reliable assessment at the level above A2 (Level B1) and the level below (Level A1). ", "The following scores are used to report results:\n\nScores between 100 and 119 are also reported on the Statement of Results but candidates will not receive the Key English Test certificate.", "\n\nScoring pre-February 2016\nPre-2016, the Statement of Results had the following information, reflecting the total combined score from all three papers:\n A grade (Pass with Distinction, Pass with Merit and Pass) for the overall exam\n A score (out of 100) for the overall exam\n A CEFR level for the overall exam.", "\n\nPre-2016, the Statement of Results had a Candidate Profile, which showed the candidate's performance on each of the individual papers against the following scale: exceptional, good, borderline and weak.", "\n\nPre-2016, candidates who achieved a score of 45 or more (out of 100) received a certificate.", "\n\nTiming and results \nCandidates take the Reading and Writing and the Listening papers on the same day. ", "The Speaking paper is often taken a few days before or after the Reading and Writing and the Listening papers, or on the same day.", "\n\nThe exam is available to be taken at test centres in paper-based and computer-based formats. ", "Both versions of the exam award the same internationally accepted certificate. ", "The Speaking test is only available to be taken face-to-face with an examiner.", "\n\nThe paper-based exam and the computer-based exam are offered at test centres throughout the calendar year. ", "A directory of all global exam centres and their contact details can be accessed on the Cambridge Assessment English website.", "\n\nSuccessful candidates receive two documents: a Statement of Results and a certificate. ", "Universities, employers and other organisations may require either of these documents as proof of English language skills.", "\n\nAn online Statement of Results is available to candidates four to six weeks after the paper-based exam and two weeks after the computer-based exam. ", "Successful candidates (those scoring above 45) receive a hard-copy certificate within two months of the paper-based exam and within four weeks of the computer-based exam.", "\n\nUsage \nA2 Key demonstrates language proficiency at Level A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).", "\n\nIt is designed to show that a successful candidate has English language skills to deal with basic situations, e.g. they can understand simple written English such as short notices, understand simple spoken directions, communicate in familiar situations, use basic phrases and expressions, write short, simple notes and interact with English speakers who talk slowly and clearly.", "\n\nLearners can use this qualification for education or work purposes, as well as to progress to higher level English language qualifications, such as B1 Preliminary, B2 First, C1 Advanced and C2 Proficiency.", "\n\nMany higher education institutions around the world recognise A2 Key as an indication of English language ability. ", "This includes universities based in:\n Brazil (e.g. Universidade Católica de Brasilia)\n Chile (e.g. Universidad de Santiago de Chile)\n Egypt (e.g. Alexandria University)\n Mexico (e.g. Universidad Autonoma del Estado Mexico)\n Myanmar (e.g. University of Computer Studies, Yangon)\n Vietnam (e.g. Tra Vinh University)\n Spain (e.g. Universidad Salamanca).", "\n\nA full list of organisations can be accessed on the Cambridge Assessment English website.", "\n\nAdditionally, many global companies and brands accept A2 Key as part of their recruitment processes including Chelsea Football Club Academy.", "\n\nPreparation \nA comprehensive list of authorised exam centres can be found on the Cambridge Assessment English website. ", "Free preparation materials, such as sample tests, are available from the website for A2 Key and A2 Key for Schools . ", "There is also a wide range of official support materials, jointly developed by Cambridge Assessment English and Cambridge University Press.", "\n\nSee also \n Cambridge Assessment English\n Cambridge English Qualifications\n B1 Preliminary\n B2 First\n C1 Advanced\n C2 Proficiency\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Website for A2 Key\n Website for A2 Key for Schools\n\nCategory:Standardized tests for English language\nCategory:English-language education\nCategory:English language tests\nCategory:University of Cambridge examinations" ]

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[ "The present invention relates generally to fiber optic cables and, more particularly, to high density fiber optic cables.", "\nIn many applications, it is desirable for a fiber optic cable to include a plurality of optical fibers. ", "With the increased demand for optical communications, there has been a corresponding demand to increase the number of optical fibers, i.e., the fiber count, of a fiber optic cable. ", "By increasing the fiber count of a fiber optic cable, a single fiber optic cable would be able to support additional optical communications channels.", "\nIn order to increase the fiber count of fiber optic cables, unitized fiber optic cables have been developed. ", "As shown in FIG. ", "1, a unitized fiber optic cable 10 includes a number of bundles 12 of optical fibers 14 that are stranded about a common central strength member 16. ", "A unitized fiber optic cable 10 also includes a cable jacket 18 extruded about the bundles 12 of optical fibers 14, and an optional ripcord 22 for facilitating removal of cable jacket 18. ", "As shown in FIG. ", "1, each bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 includes at least two and, more commonly, six or twelve optical fibers that are stranded together.", "\nOptical fibers 14 are typically tight buffered optical fibers. ", "A tight buffered optical fiber 14 includes a single mode or multi-mode optical fiber surrounded by an interfacial layer. ", "The interfacial layer can be formed of a Teflon(copyright) containing material and is surrounded by a tight buffer layer. ", "The tight buffer layer is typically formed of a plastic, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). ", "As an alternative to PVC, the tight buffer layer can be formed of a non-halogenated polyolefin, such as a polyethylene or a polypropylene. ", "Still further, the tight buffer layer can be formed of EVA, nylon or polyester.", "\nEach bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 also generally includes a central strength member 26 about which the plurality of tight buffered optical fibers are stranded. ", "Each bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 further includes a jacket 28 that surrounds the plurality of optical fibers, and an optional ripcord 20 for facilitating removal of jacket 28. ", "Jacket 28 serves to protect optical fibers 14 and to maintain the bundle of optical fibers in a stranded relationship about central strength member 26. ", "Jacket 28 is typically formed of a polymer, such as PVC. ", "As an alternative to PVC, jacket 28 may be formed of a fluoro-plastic, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a fluoro-compound as disclosed by U.S. Pat. ", "No. ", "4,963,609 or blends of PVC and PVDF or PVC and polyethylene (PE). ", "Jacket 28 is typically relatively thick and, in one embodiment, has a thickness of about 0.8 millimeters.", "\nDuring fabrication, a bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 is passed through an extruder cross head and jacket 28 is extruded thereabout in order to maintain the optical fibers in position within the bundle. ", "Since the tight buffer layer of the tight buffered optical fibers 14 is typically formed of a plastic, the plastic that is extruded to form jacket 28 will tend to adhere to the tight buffer layer of the tight buffered optical fibers 14 in the absence of a barrier therebetween. ", "In this regard, the plastic that is extruded to form jacket 28 of a bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 may partially melt the outermost portion of the tight buffer layer of the tight buffered optical fibers 14 such that jacket 28 and the tight buffered optical fibers will adhere to one another as the plastic cools. ", "Unfortunately, the adherence of the tight buffered optical fibers 14 to the surrounding jacket 28 generally decreases the performance of the optical fibers. ", "In this regard, signals propagating along optical fibers 14 generally experience greater attenuation as fiber optic cable 10 is bent or flexed in instances in which the tight buffered optical fibers are adhered to jacket 28 since the optical fibers will no longer be free to move relative to jacket 28 in order to accommodate bending or flexure of fiber optic cable 10.", "\nEach bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 therefore also generally includes a barrier 30 disposed between the plurality of tight buffered optical fibers and jacket 28 in order to separate the tight buffered optical fibers from jacket 28 and to prevent adherence therebetween that otherwise would result from the extension of jacket 28 about optical fibers 14. ", "As such, optical fibers 14 can move somewhat relative to jacket 28 as fiber optic cable 10 is flexed. ", "Barrier 30 is typically formed of a layer of strength members, such as aramid yarn, that are typically stranded about the optical fibers. ", "The layer of strength members is also generally relatively thick and may have a thickness of about 0.2 mm in one embodiment.", "\nEach bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 is typically stranded about common central strength member 16 of fiber optic cable 10. ", "Like central strength member 26 of each bundle 12 of optical fibers 14, common central strength member 16 of fiber optic cable 10 is typically formed of a relatively stiff fiber or glass reinforced plastic, or a relatively flexible combination of aramid fibers that may or may not be overcoated with a plastic material. ", "Fiber optic cable 10 also includes a protective cable jacket 18 that surrounds each of the bundles 12 of optical fibers 14. ", "Cable jacket 18 is typically formed of a plastic, such as PVC. ", "As an alternative to PVC, cable jacket 18 may be formed of a fluoro-plastic, such as PVDF, a fluoride-compound or blends of PVC and PVDF or PVC and PE.", "\nAs described above in conjunction with jacket 28 that surrounds each bundle 12 of optical fibers 14, cable jacket 18 is also typically extruded over the plurality of bundles of optical fibers. ", "As a result of the plastic materials that form cable jacket 18 and the jackets 28 that surround the respective bundles 12 of optical fibers 14, cable jacket 18 and the jackets that surround the respective bundles of optical fibers may also adhere to one another following the extrusion of cable jacket 18 about the bundles of optical fibers. ", "While the adherence of cable jacket 18 to the jackets 28 of the respective bundles 12 of optical fibers 14 does not impair the performance of fiber optic cable 10 as significantly as adherence between jacket 28 of a bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 and the tight buffer layer of the tight buffered optical fibers, the adherence of cable jacket 18 and the jackets of the respective bundles of optical fibers does disadvantageously impair the flexibility of fiber optic cable 10 somewhat.", "\nAccordingly, fiber optic cable 10 can also include a surface coating on at least that portion of the exterior surface of jacket 28 of each bundle 12 of optical fibers 14 that otherwise would be in contact with cable jacket 18. ", "The surface coating is typically formed of powdered talc that serves to prevent or reduce adhesion between cable jacket 18 and the jackets 28 of the respective bundles 12 of optical fibers 14.", "\nUnitized fiber optic cable 10 as depicted in FIG. ", "1 is generally relatively large. ", "For example, unitized fiber optic cable 10 depicted in FIG. ", "1 having six bundles 12 of optical fibers 14 stranded about a central strength member 16 with each bundle of optical fibers having six tight buffered optical fibers stranded about a respective strength member 26 generally has a diameter of about 18.8 millimeters. ", "In many applications, it is desirable to minimize the size of fiber optic cable 10 while maintaining or increasing the number of optical fibers 14 within fiber optic cable 10. ", "As such, it would be advantageous to develop a unitized fiber optic cable having a relatively high fiber count while also being somewhat smaller.", "\nA fiber optic cable is provided according to one aspect of the present invention that includes at least one non-jacketed bundle of optical fibers having a plurality of optical fibers and at least one binder thread encircling the optical fibers to thereby maintain the integrity of the bundle of optical fibers without having to jacket each bundle of optical fibers. ", "The fiber optic cable of this embodiment also includes a cable jacket surrounding the non-jacketed bundle of optical fibers. ", "According to one embodiment, the binder thread is an air entangled, textured, continuous multi-filament thread having no more than 25 twists per inch. ", "In addition, the binder thread may have a TEX number between 18 and 60 and a denier between 150 and 1000, may encircle the optical fibers with a pitch between 10 mm and 70 mm. ", "Further, the binder thread may include a finish, such as a silicone wax emulsion finish, that is inert with respect to those components of the fiber optic cable with which the binder thread comes into contact.", "\nThe fiber optic cable according to another aspect of the present invention includes at least one tube assembly having an inner bundle of optical fibers, an outer non-jacketed bundle of optical fibers positioned circumferentially about the inner bundle of optical fibers, and a tubular member, such as a buffer tube, surrounding the outer non-jacketed bundle of optical fibers. ", "Each bundle of optical fibers includes a plurality of optical fibers and at least one binder thread encircling the plurality of optical fibers to maintain the integrity of the respective bundle. ", "Each optical fiber of the inner bundle includes indicia, such as an associated color, for uniquely identifying the respective optical fiber. ", "Similarly, each optical fiber of the outer bundle includes indicia for uniquely identifying the respective optical fiber. ", "Based upon the indicia of the optical fibers and the bundling of the optical fibers, each optical fiber of a respective tube assembly can therefore be uniquely identified.", "\nA fiber optic cable is provided according to yet another aspect of the present invention that includes a central member, a plurality of non-jacketed bundles of optical fibers extending along the central member with each bundle of optical fibers including a plurality of optical fibers and a binder encircling the optical fibers to maintain the optical fibers in the bundle. ", "The fiber optic cable of this embodiment also includes a cable jacket surrounding the bundles of optical fibers and a separation element for preventing adhesion between the bundles of optical fibers and the cable jacket without jacketing each bundle of optical fibers.", "\nA fiber optic cable according to a further aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of non-jacketed bundles of optical fibers with each bundle including a plurality of optical fibers and a binder thread encircling the optical fibers to maintain the optical fibers in the bundle. ", "The fiber optic cable of this embodiment also includes a separation layer surrounding the bundles of optical fibers and a cable jacket surrounding the separation layer. ", "The separation layer prevents adhesion between the bundles of optical fibers and the cable jacket without having to separately jacket each bundle of optical fibers.", "\nThe fiber optic cable of the present invention therefore includes a relatively high count of optical fibers, while reducing the size or diameter of the fiber optic cable. ", "In this regard, the fiber optic cable of the present invention preferably includes a plurality of bundles of optical fibers that are not separately jacketed, thereby permitting the diameter of the fiber optic cable to be reduced. ", "However, the fiber optic cable of the present invention can include a binder, such as a binder thread, for maintaining the integrity of the respective bundles. ", "Moreover, the fiber optic cable can include a separation element for preventing adhesion between the plurality of non-jacketed bundles of optical fibers and the cable jacket such that the optical fibers can move somewhat relative to the cable jacket as the fiber optic cable is bent or flexed such that the optical signals propagating along the optical fibers are not undesirably attenuated as a result of the flexure of the fiber optic cable." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nSQL - Remove Duplicate Rows From Table\n\nHow can I remove duplicate rows from my table? ", "I've searched the Internet, but I haven't been able to solve the issue. ", "Here's what I've written:\nWITH C As\n(\nSelect A.PatientID, A.DoctorID\nFrom Appointment As A\n)\n\nSelect Distinct A.PatientID, A2.PatientID, A.DoctorID\nFrom Appointment As A\n Inner Join C as A2\n On A.DoctorID = A2.DoctorID\nWhere A.PatientID <> A2.PatientID\nOrder By A.PatientID Asc\n\nHere's the outcome:\n\nIn the image above, you'll notice that the data in row 1 is duplicated in row 6. ", "How can I remove all the duplicate rows? ", "Any suggestions?", "\n\nA:\n\nYou dont need a CTE for this\nTry \n SELECT DISTINCT PatientId, PatientId, DoctorID\n FROM Appointment A1\n JOIN Appointment A2\n ON A1.PatientId < A2.PatientId\n AND A1.DoctorID = A2.DoctorID\n Order By A1.PatientID Asc\n\n" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nAre the logarithms of the integer polynomials discrete in $L^1$ of the unit circle?", "\n\nTautologically, the integer polynomials form a discrete set in $L^1$ of the unit circle. ", "On the other hand, a set of logarithms ordered by norm becomes generally rather denser than the original set.", "\nIs the set\n$$\n\\big\\{ \\log{|P|} \\, : \\, P \\in \\mathbb{Z}[X] \\setminus \\{0\\} \\big\\} \\subset L^1(\\mathbb{T})\n$$\nof functions on the complex unit circle $\\mathbb{T} = \\{ z \\mid |z| = 1 \\}$ discrete in $L^1$, or does it have an accumulation point?", "\nI am equally happy with the $L^2$ norm, if it makes a difference. ", "\n\nA:\n\nIt is still discrete though not uniformly. ", "Since $\\log|P|=\\frac 12\\log|p|$ where $p=P\\bar P$ is a real non-negative trigonometric polynomial with integer coefficients, it is enough to work with $p$ instead of $P$. We have\n$$\n|\\log p-\\log q|\\ge \\frac{|p-q|}{\\max(p,q)}.", "\n$$\nNow consider the outer function $f$ with $|f|=\\frac 1{\\max(p,q)}$, so \n$$\n|f(0)| = \\exp\\Big(-\\int_{\\mathbb T}\\log{\\max(p,q)}\\Big) \\ge \\exp\\Big(-\\int_{\\mathbb T}[|\\log p|+|\\log q|]\\Big).", "\n$$\nThen, denoting by $r$ the difference $p-q$ multiplied by an appropriate power of $z$ so that $r(0)\\in\\mathbb Z\\setminus\\{0\\}$ and $r$ is analytic, we get\n$$\n\\int_{\\mathbb T}|\\log p-\\log q|\\ge \\int_{\\mathbb T}\\frac{|p-q|}{\\max(p,q)}\n=\\int_{\\mathbb T}|r||f|\\ge |r(0)||f(0)| \\\\ \\ge \\exp\\Big(-\\int_{\\mathbb T}[|\\log p|+|\\log q|]\\Big)\\,,\n$$\nfinishing the story.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "S. J. Munasinghe\n\nS. J. Munasinghe was the 33rd Surveyor General of Sri Lanka. ", "He was appointed in 1973, succeeding A. M. Cumaraswamy, and held the office until 1981. ", "He was succeeded by S. D. F. C. Nanayakkara.", "\n\nReferences\n\nM" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nduring sails lift it throw error\n\nhi i am new to sails and passport js i am trying authentication using passport js in sails but while am adding passport.js in config folder it give an error..any one know how to resolve this issu.. \nHere is my error\n\nC:\\Users\\sachinn\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\sails\\node_modules\\include-all\\lib\\help-include-all-sync.js:281\n throw e;\n ^\n\n`include-all` attempted to `require(E:\\myApi\\config\\passport.js)`, but an error occurred::\nDetails:TypeError: JwtStrategy requires a function to retrieve jwt from requests (see option jwtFromRequest)\n at new JwtStrategy (E:\\myApi\\node_modules\\passport-jwt\\lib\\strategy.js:39:15)\n at Object.<anonymous> (E:\\myApi\\config\\passport.js:68:3)\n at Module._compile (module.js:570:32)\n\npassort.js\n/**\n * Passport configuration file where you should configure strategies\n */\nvar passport = require('passport');\nvar LocalStrategy = require('passport-local').Strategy;\nvar JwtStrategy = require('passport-jwt').Strategy;\n\nvar EXPIRES_IN_MINUTES = 60 * 24;\nvar SECRET = process.env.tokenSecret || \"4ukI0uIVnB3iI1yxj646fVXSE3ZVk4doZgz6fTbNg7jO41EAtl20J5F7Trtwe7OM\";\nvar ALGORITHM = \"HS256\";\nvar ISSUER = \"nozus.com\";\nvar AUDIENCE = \"nozus.com\";\n\n/**\n * Configuration object for local strategy\n */\nvar LOCAL_STRATEGY_CONFIG = {\n usernameField: 'email',\n passwordField: 'password',\n passReqToCallback: false\n};\n\n/**\n * Configuration object for JWT strategy\n */\nvar JWT_STRATEGY_CONFIG = {\n secretOrKey: SECRET,\n issuer : ISSUER,\n audience: AUDIENCE,\n passReqToCallback: false\n};\n\n/**\n * Triggers when user authenticates via local strategy\n */\nfunction _onLocalStrategyAuth(email, password, next) {\n User.findOne({email: email})\n .exec(function (error, user) {\n if (error) return next(error, false, {});\n\n if (!", "user) return next(null, false, {\n code: 'E_USER_NOT_FOUND',\n message: email + ' is not found'\n });\n\n // TODO: replace with new cipher service type\n if (!", "CipherService.comparePassword(password, user))\n return next(null, false, {\n code: 'E_WRONG_PASSWORD',\n message: 'Password is wrong'\n });\n\n return next(null, user, {});\n });\n}\n\n/**\n * Triggers when user authenticates via JWT strategy\n */\nfunction _onJwtStrategyAuth(payload, next) {\n var user = payload.user;\n return next(null, user, {});\n}\n\npassport.use(\n new LocalStrategy(LOCAL_STRATEGY_CONFIG, _onLocalStrategyAuth));\npassport.use(\n new JwtStrategy(JWT_STRATEGY_CONFIG, _onJwtStrategyAuth));\n\nmodule.exports.jwtSettings = {\n expiresInMinutes: EXPIRES_IN_MINUTES,\n secret: SECRET,\n algorithm : ALGORITHM,\n issuer : ISSUER,\n audience : AUDIENCE\n};\n\nA:\n\nOptions passed to JwtStrategy constructor must have a key jwtFromRequest.", "\nIt is missing in your code.", "\nSee https://github.com/themikenicholson/passport-jwt#usage\n\njwtFromRequest (REQUIRED) Function that accepts a request as the only\n parameter and returns either the JWT as a string or null. ", "See\n Extracting the JWT from the request for more details.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Diabetes mellitus complicating systemic lupus erythematosus - analysis of the UCL lupus cohort and review of the literature.", "\nSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often coexists with other diseases. ", "Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an example and patients with overlap SLE-DM can present with clinical features common to both disorders. ", "In this review, we describe the patients with overlap SLE-DM, focussing on the clinical features common to both diseases that these patients can present, and on the challenges of managing such complications. ", "A detailed review of the patients' notes (n = 485) was performed. ", "At every outpatient appointment the patients' urine was tested for glucose, protein and blood. ", "Patients with persistent glycosuria were investigated with fasting blood glucose and a glucose tolerance test to help make the diagnosis of DM. ", "Particular note was made of those patients whose symptoms could be due to SLE, DM or both. ", "Nine patients with DM were identified. ", "Three had type 1 DM, four had type 2 DM and two were considered to have steroid-induced DM. ", "Among these patients, three had renal involvement (two with WHO class IV lupus nephritis); two had peripheral neuropathy (one had a mixed sensory and motor neuropathy, one had a sensory peripheral neuropathy); two patients had retinopathy and cataracts and one had angina. ", "The combination of SLE and DM is uncommon but the predisposition to renal, peripheral neuropathy and retinal disease means that great care must be taken when deciding which clinical feature is due to which disease, because active SLE requires additional immunosuppression whereas DM requires optimization of the metabolic control. ", "Interestingly, although in theory patients with SLE and DM are in double-jeopardy of developing atherosclerosis, to date, only one of our overlap patients has developed angina." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "African studies\n\nAfrican studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). ", "The field includes the study of Africa's history (Pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions). ", "A specialist in African studies is often referred to as an \"africanist\". ", "A key focus of the discipline is to interrogate epistemological approaches, theories and methods in traditional disciplines using a critical lens that inserts African-centred ways of knowing and references.", "\n\nAfricanists argue that there is a need to \"deexoticize\" Africa and banalise it, rather than understand Africa as exceptionalized and exoticized. ", "African scholars, in recent times, have focused on decolonizing African studies, and reconfiguring it to reflect the African experience through African lens.", "\n\nNotable Africanists\n\nUniversity-based centers\n Austria: Institut für Afrikawissenschaften (est. ", "2007), University of Vienna\n Canada: Institute of African Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON\n China: School of Asian and African Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University\n China: School of Asian and African Studies, Shanghai International Studies University\n Ethiopia: Center for African Studies, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia\n Germany: Department of African Studies, Humboldt University, Germany\n Germany: Institute for Asian and African Studies, Humboldt University, Germany\n Germany: Institute of African Studies, University of Bayreuth, Germany\n Germany: Institute of African Studies, University of Leipzig, Germany\n Ghana: Kwame Nkrumah Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana\n Netherlands: African Studies Centre, Leiden\n Nigeria: Institute of African and Diaspora Studies, University of Lagos\n Nigeria: Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan\n Portugal: , ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon\n Portugal: African Studies Centre of the University of Porto, Porto\n South Africa: Centre for African Studies (CAS), University of Cape Town\n Sweden: Center for African Studies, Dalarna University, Sweden\n UK: Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge\n UK: Centre for African Studies (Leeds)\n UK: Centre of West African Studies (Birmingham)\n UK: School of Oriental and African Studies\n US: Department of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey\n US: African Studies Center, Boston University\n US: African Studies Center, Michigan State University\n US: African Studies Center, UCLA\n US: Africana Cultures and Policy Studies Institute\n US: University of Florida Center for African Studies\n US: Department of African Studies at Howard University\n\nNational and transnational centers\n Nordic Africa Institute\n Africa Research Institute\n\nAssociations\n AEGIS (Europe)\n African Studies Association (North America)\n African Studies Association of Australasia and the Pacific (Australasia and the Pacific)\n ASAUK\n\nProjects\n Bamum Scripts and Archives Project\n Internet library sub-saharan Africa (ilissAfrica)\n Timbuktu Manuscripts Project\n\nDegree programs\nCanada\nCarleton University, Institute of African Studies - Combined Honours Undergraduate Degrees and Collaborative Masters in African Studies\nEgypt\nCairo University, Institute of African Research and Studies\nEthiopia\nUniversity of Addis Ababa, Center for African Studies\n\nGermany\n Humboldt University, Bachelor in Area Studies Asia/Africa and Master in African Studies\n\nGhana\nUniversity of Ghana Masters and PhD in African Studies\nNetherlands\nLeiden University, African Studies Centre - MA African Studies and MPhil Research Master African Studies\nNigeria\nUniversity of Lagos, Masters in African and Diaspora Studies\nUniversity of Ibadan, Nigeria Masters and PhD in African Studies\nSwitzerland\nUniversity of Basel, Center for African Studies Basel - MA African Studies\nUnited Kingdom\nUniversity of Cambridge, Centre of African Studies - MPhil in African Studies\nUnited States of America\nBeloit College, African Studies Minor - Interdisciplinary undergraduate minor field of concentration\nFlorida International University, Masters in African Studies, African Studies Certificates \nHoward University, undergraduate minor and major in African Studies, Masters in African Studies, PhD in African Studies\nOhio University, Masters in African Studies\nRutgers University, undergraduate major and minor in African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures, with a regional focus\nUniversity of Michigan, undergraduate major and minor in Afroamerican and African Studies. ", "Also, a certificate in African Studies for graduate students.", "\n\nSee also\n\n List of africanists\n List of African studies journals\n Africa Bibliography for a categorised list of publications in the field since 1984\nAfrican demographics\nHistory of Africa\nCulture of Africa\nReligion in Africa\nEconomy of Africa\nOutline of Africa for a list of articles relating to Africa\nEthiopian studies and Ethiopian historiography\nAfricana studies\n\nReferences\n\n ASA Distinguished Africanist Award Winners\n\nFurther reading\n Gershenhorn, Jerry. “‘", "Not an Academic Affair’: African American Scholars and the Development of African Studies Programs in the United States, 1942–1960.” ", "Journal of African American History, 94 (Winter 2009), 44–68.", "\n Gershenhorn, Jerry. “", "St. Clair Drake, Pan-Africanism, African Studies, and the Politics of Knowledge, 1945-1965.” ", "Journal of African American History, 98 (Summer 2013), 422-433.", "\n\nExternal links\n African e-Journals Project, Michigan State University (Provides (1) a directory of more than 2,100 journals about Africa with their URLs, and where to find tables of contents, abstracts, and full text of articles online, and (2) a full-text archive of back issues of 11 African scholarly journals in the social sciences and humanities.)", "\n African Studies Centres worldwide (Excerpt of the website database of ilissAfrica)\n AFRICAN STUDY: African Language Publishing For Children In South Africa (This African study focuses on the dearth of teaching and learning materials in African languages required to deliver effective bilingual education, and on the potential role of translation in offering solutions for this problem.)", "\n (Bibliography)\n\nLibrary Guides for African Studies\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n African Studies Library, Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge UK\n Studying Africa. ", "A guide to the sources. ", "Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala. ", "3rd ed., ", "2014\n Open Access Guide for researchers based in Africa (ilissAfrica)\n\n*\nCategory:Ethnic studies" ]

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[ "任天堂は3月4日、Newニンテンドー3DS向けに、スーパーファミコンのタイトル「スーパーマリオワールド」「F-ZERO」「スーパードンキーコング」「ゼルダの伝説 神々のトライフォース」「MOTHER2 ギーグの逆襲」のバーチャルコンソール配信を始めた。", "\n\n「スーパーマリオワールド」「F-ZERO」「スーパードンキーコング」のダウンロード版は823円（税込）、「ゼルダの伝説」「MOTHER2」のダウンロード版は926円（同）で提供する。", "\n\n今後、「がんばれゴエモン ゆき姫救出絵巻」「超魔界村」「悪魔城ドラキュラ」「スーパーマリオカート」「ロックマンX」などのタイトルも順次追加するという。", "\n\n追加予定のタイトル\n\nまた、配信開始に合わせ、スーパーファミコンの本体をモチーフにした「Newニンテンドー3DS LL スーパーファミコン エディション」も発売する。価格は2万1600円（税込）で、4月中旬に予約受け付けを始める予定だ。", "\n\nNewニンテンドー3DS LL スーパーファミコン エディション" ]

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[ "An organic electroluminescence (EL) device is attracting as a promising display device because high-luminance intensity luminescence can be obtained with a low voltage. ", "An important characteristic value of this organic electroluminescence device is a power consumption. ", "The power consumption is represented by a product of a voltage and a current, and as the voltage value necessary for obtaining desired brightness is lower and the current value is smaller, the power consumption of the device can be more reduced.", "\nIn the production of an organic electroluminescence device, as for the method to form a thin film that is an organic layer provided between a pair of electrodes, a vapor deposition process such as vacuum deposition and a wet process such as spin coating method, printing method and an inkjet method are being performed.", "\nAmong these, when a wet process is used, an organic compound polymer whose deposition is difficult by a dry process such as vapor deposition can be used, and in the case of use for a flexible display or the like, the wet process is suitable in view of durability such as flexibility and film strength and is preferred particularly when fabricating a large-area device.", "\nHowever, an organic electroluminescence device obtained by the wet process has a problem that the luminous efficiency or device durability is poor.", "\nIn recent years, the device efficiency is progressively increased by using a phosphorescent material. ", "As for the phosphorescent material, an iridium complex, a platinum complex and the like are known (see, for example, JP-A-2001-247859 and JP-A-2007-19462), but a device satisfying both high efficiency and high durability has not yet been developed.", "\nAlso, an organic EL device where a specific phosphorescence material substituted with a specific kind of an alkyl group at a specific position with an attempt to obtain a material capable of realizing high efficiency and low voltage of a device is used as a light emitting material has been reported (see, for example, JPA-2008-210941 and US 2008-0297033). ", "In JP-A-2008-210941, an organic EL device containing a compound having a cyclopropyl group as the substituent is described, but this is insufficient in view of luminescence quantum efficiency, drive voltage and durability, and more improvements are being demanded.", "\nFurthermore, conventional devices sometimes cause a chromaticity shift after device deterioration, and also in this respect, improvements are being demanded." ]

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[ "If you didn’t understand the ‘Title’ of this blog well enough, then let us give you a small introduction. ", "Everybody is talking about how Cryptocurrencies are disrupting the current global economic scenario. ", "There is always something hot in the news about Cryptocurrency like the recent Bitcoin Fork. ", "To exchange Cryptocurrency, you need a Cryptocurrency Wallet. ", "And there are two types of wallets – Hot Wallets & Cold Wallets.", "\n\nIn the simplest terms, Hot Wallets are those which are connected to the internet and Cold Wallets are those which aren’t. ", "But why anyone even needs two different types of the wallets in the first place? ", "People use Hot Wallets & Cold Wallets like Current & Savings bank accounts. ", "Hot Wallets are used for day-to-day frequent transactions like in the case of the Current account while Cold Wallets are used for storing digital coins/digital assets safely for long-term.", "\n\nDoes this mean Hot Wallets are not safe?", "\n\nMost of the people store the majority of their assets in Cold Wallets due to the fact that they are not connected to the internet and hence are safer. ", "But that doesn’t mean that Hot Wallets aren’t safe at all. ", "The security of Hot Wallets is dependent upon the security habits of individuals and third parties. ", "But yes, they are more vulnerable to theft because they are constantly connected to the internet. ", "But keeping small amounts of assets in Hot Wallets should not be a concern since a hacker probably won’t waste resources for small amounts.", "\n\nExamples of Hot Wallets\n\nDigital asset exchanges are considered to be Hot Wallets. ", "These companies store digital currency in their infrastructure and server and If a hacker attacks these exchanges and drains out assets, then it is likely that an account holder might also lose his money. ", "Popular examples of digital asset exchanges are Coinbase, Poloniex, Bittrex etc.", "\n\nNot only exchanges, software applications like Exodus.io, Dash QT Wallet etc. ", "are also considered as Hot Wallets.", "\n\nExamples of Cold Wallets\n\nThere are different types of Cold Wallets but a typical example is Hardware Wallet, in which you upload digital currency via ATM or Online, but they are not always connected to the internet. ", "It is a physical device that is kept offline but can be plugged into a computer when needed.", "\n\nThey are safe because when you make a transaction, it asks to confirm each transaction by pressing a button on the device. ", "They are pretty much safe and hack-proof. ", "Some of the popular brands offering hardware wallets are Trezor.io, Ledger Nano S, and KeepKey. ", "They support popular Cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Dash, Ethereum, Ethereum Classic, ZCash, Litecoin, Namecoin, Dogecoin, and Testnet.", "\n\nYou can read our blog on Ethereum Vs. ", "Bitcoin\n\nProlitus technologies has been researching extensively on Cryptocurrencies and Wallets from the past 2 years. ", "We are a decade old company with a prime focus on investing in upcoming technologies. ", "We have worked with different clients, developing a complete range of Blockchain-based financial solutions for them including Cryptocurrency, Wallet and Exchange development. ", "To know more about our services, contact us at success@prolitus.com." ]

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[ "Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in an adult patient with calcific rheumatic mitral stenosis.", "\nA 75 year old man with long-standing rheumatic mitral stenosis who refused surgical intervention was treated with percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. ", "Prevalvuloplasty evaluation revealed a heavily calcified mitral valve, a mean transvalvular gradient of 18 mm Hg, a Fick cardiac index of 1.7 liters/min per m2, a mitral valve area of 0.6 cm2 and 1 + mitral regurgitation. ", "After transeptal catheterization and balloon dilation of the interatrial septum with an 8 mm angioplasty balloon, a 25 mm valvuloplasty balloon was advanced over a guide wire across the interatrial septum and positioned across the mitral anulus. ", "Subsequent balloon inflation at 3 atm pressure resulted in a reduction of the mean mitral valve gradient to 12 mm Hg, an increase in cardiac index to 2.5 liters/min per m2, an increase in mitral valve area in 1.4 cm2 and an increase in mitral regurgitation from 1 + to 2 +. ", "Valvuloplasty was well tolerated without embolization of clot or valvular debris, and resulted in marked clinical improvement with decreased dyspnea and increased exercise tolerance. ", "Repeat catheterization 2 months after valvuloplasty showed further resolution of pulmonary hypertension and no evidence of valvular restenosis or worsening mitral regurgitation, but detected a small atrial septal defect with a pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio of 1.8. ", "It is concluded that percutaneous valvuloplasty is possible in the adult patient with calcific rheumatic mitral stenosis, and may result in a significant improvement in valvular function without producing life-threatening complications." ]

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[ "\"Rotterdam Port of Europe\" \"Directed by Joris Ivens\" \"Commentary:\" \"Gerrit Kouwenaar\" \"Photography:\" \"Eduard van der Enden\" \" Etienne Becker\" \"Sound:\" \"Tom Tholen\" \" Jean Claude Laureux\" \"Film editing:\" \"C. Dourgnan-G.\" \"Louveau-A.\" \"Choty\" \"A man is looking for his way towards the shore his way back towards the shore from which he ventured out to sea 300 years ago.\" \"", "Do not ask how it is possible miracles do not occur, but the miracle of radar detects him.\" \"", "For a moment yards creak.\" \"", "For a moment sails flutter-gone.\" \"", "City on the river Maas, at the edge of Europe.\" \"", "Where Europe ends where Europe begins.\" \"", "Oil and grain and people and oil and people.\" \"", "Life is good here, or bad, but anyway, life is here.\" \"", "I'm partial, by the way, fond of revues.\" \"", "Things people go through.\" \"", "For example, yesterday at Katendrecht I saw a very peculiar old-fashioned sailor.\" \"", "As though he were already dead.\" \"", "Old age is a disease from which only the neighbor suffers.\" \"", "Youth kills time.\" \"", "The world is lying at her feet.\" \"", "City on the river Maas, at the edge of Europe.\" \"", "Where Europe ends.\" \"", "Where Europe begins.\" \"", "Office, dinner table, living room, kitchen.\" \"", "For a family that together writes the number 800,000.\" \"", "Well-oiled machine hand skilled in thinking.\" \"", "My floor is your rooftop.\" \"", "At 9: 1 5 p.m., all the rooms burst out in uniform laughter.\" \"", "Your floor is my sky.\" \"", "Every person lives in his own skin and a kiss replaces words and love exists.\" \"", "Sometimes, briefly, life is clothed in white.\" \"", "There is sun, there is rain there is a lot of night.\" \"", "All the people live in the same world.\" \"", "Every person has his own home.\" \"", "800,000 people.\" \"", "800,000 faces.\" \"", "No two hands are alike.\" \"", "No port like this one.\" \"", "I'm young and in love.\" \"", "I'm old and must die.\" \"", "Things people go through.\" \"", "Yesterday in Delftshaven I saw a very peculiar old fashioned sailor who looked as though he were already dead.\" \"", "What does a man think about when he's working?\" \"", "Another man's money?\" \"", "Freedom?\" \"", "Of nothing at all?\" \"", "Of himself?\" \"", "Of his son?\" \"", "A Sunday morning?\" \"", "Of his working hand that does, and by doing, changes?\" \"", "No matter how far the ships travel the world stays the same.\" \"", "Even if the mirrors that mirror the world break.\" \"", "Heroes, pirates, tall doers of tall deeds turned in stone, but ended except the one.\" \"", "Come on, I'll kill you, I'll blow you apart, dead.\" \"", "No, no, that's not possible.\" \"", "Yes, out you go.\" \"", "You cheat!\" \"", "The past is beautiful but the present is alive.\" \"", "Bliss is a word, but a city is a tool.\" \"", "This city I saw burning.\" \"", "This city I saw building.\" \"", "A past weighs on, but the present is of greater weight.\" \"", "One city, but how many faces?\" \"", "Bronze and lofty, the face of wisdom.\" \"", "Sweaty, the face of toil.\" \"", "Painted, the face of goodness that once a year cherishes the children.\" \"", "Masked the face of the opera hero who between décor enchants daylight warming his coldness in a fire of approval.\" \"", "Realities that push one another aside.\" \"", "Regard, strike and reveal one another.\" \"", "Sir, what are you doing here?\" \"", "How did you get in here?\" \"", "Through the hall, across the stage and, eh, up the stairs.\" \"", "Don't you know that it is forbidden to come in here?\" \"", "Forbidden, forbidden?\" \"", "Everything is always forbidden around here!\" \"", "He is your singing double.\" \"", "And I, I am Senta.\" \"", "I'm supposed to be in love with you.\" \"", "Sit down, Captain.\" \"", "Thank you.\" \"", "How do I get out of here?\" \"", "I'll escort you.\" \"", "This is also a reality, but invalid.\" \"", "No longer exchangeable with a handshake.\" \"", "Who moves in here, circles in standstill.\" \"", "Who moves from here, is a puppet in the footlights.\" \"", "The opera ends.\" \"", "Nature breathes once more.\" \"", "Night is square and awake.\" \"", "Last night, on the Lijnbaan I saw a very peculiar old-fashioned sailor, as if looking for something as if being looked for.\" \"", "It is today, I'm tired.\" \"", "The city flows right through me.\" \"", "It is today, and I'm alive.\" \"", "The city is a great peaceful number of people, of cubic meters, of distances, heights and widths.\" \"", "Of ships, tons and profits of cars, courses and deaths in one hour hundreds of deaths.\" \"", "The city is a great peaceful number.\" \"", "This city I saw burning.\" \"", "This city I saw building.\" \"", "Bliss is a word, but a city is a tool.\" \"", "Say Weena, say Spangen.\" \"", "Say Kralingen, Crooswijk.\" \"", "Say Feyenoord, Dijkzicht.\" \"", "Say Oud Mathenesse.\" \"", "Say hundreds of names.\" \"", "Say city on the river Maas.\" \"", "Say port of Europe.\" \"", "END\"" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nHow to associate a value to a function call?", "\n\nMany times I had to do stuff similar to this:\nif (value == certainValueA) call functionA()\nif (value == certainValueB) call functionB()\n\nI've always done it like this. ", "However now I have over 50 cases like this, and this way seems bad.", "\nI'd like a more efficient way to do it. ", "The solution is probably well documented, but so far the combination of words I'm using to find such a things doesn't return any interesting results.", "\nI mostly need a direction on what to look into.", "\n\nA:\n\nYou can use a Dictionary filled with delegates; something like:\nvar dispatch = new Dictionary<TypeOfValue, Action>() {\n { certainValueA, () => functionA() },\n { certainValueB, () => functionB() },\n};\n\nTypeOfValue value = // get value here \n\ndispatch[value]();\n\n" ]

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[ "[In allocating $3.8 billion for weapons, Turnbull's] attitude appears to be the rationale of every drug dealer, every provider of pornography — if I don’t do it, someone else will.' ", "~ Mungo MacCallum\n\nTHE AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT HAS, in recent years, become debased — opportunist, secretive, poll-driven, fixated on short-term political gain and unwilling to engage in serious issues when (as is always) they interfere with its internal wranglings.", "\n\nIt has been depressing and demoralising, and the public has responded by branding our parliamentarians a bunch of untrustworthy go-getters, obsessed with their own well-being rather than the public good.", "\n\nUnfair, perhaps — there are many politicians who (initially at least) seek office for the right reasons, to enhance the national interest and indulge in honest debate about increasingly complex issues, attempting to involve the voters as partners rather than mere election fodder. ", "There has been, for many of us at least, the hope and belief that the lucky country could again become what it once was — a forthright member of the world community, a vanguard for worthwhile change and reform.", "\n\nThe Turnbull Government's latest brainwave Let's make more weapons @bkampmark Not content with its brutal anti-asylum campaign and internment process Turnbull Government wants to establish a reputation as a major weapons exporter excerpt https://t.co/YxBCnVYn49 @IndependentAus — lynlinking (@lynlinking) January 30, 2018\n\nBut after last week it will be hard to maintain that sanguine proposition — we have struck a new nadir, a depth of greed and amorality that is unlikely to be beaten. ", "Malcolm Turnbull’s decision to allocate $3.8 billion (that’s $3,800,000,000 in real money) to promote the export of killing machines is the end of the road.", "\n\nSince the conclusion of the Second World War, if not before, Australia has generally been seen as a peacemaker — not a passive advocate of neutrality but an active participant in the worldwide movement for ending the arms race in a step to preventing, or at least mitigating, war and its causes.", "\n\nWe have made our mistakes, most notably the disaster in Vietnam. ", "But after that, our interventions in conflicts, although almost invariably ill-advised, have been more in the nature of holding operations than all-out assaults. ", "With all respect to our forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, they were not about belligerence but defence against fanatical and unconscionable aggression.", "\n\nAnd in the meantime, we have taken part in many genuine peacekeeping operations: Timor and the Solomons are among the most impressive but there have been others less publicised — Cyprus, to name but one. ", "And perhaps more importantly, Australia has been a significant, and at times a leading, player in the international campaign for disarmament.", "\n\nWhat is ICAN and how did it win this year's Nobel Peace Prize? ", "https://t.co/w5ibiDKQNC via @abcnews — Lynore K. Geia (@LynoreGeia) October 8, 2017\n\nAustralians have been involved in working to end nuclear proliferation, in the elimination of chemical weapons, in the abolition of landmines. ", "There have been times when we have been more zealous than others, but our default position has been on the side of peace — the side of the angels.", "\n\nAnd it is this history that Turnbull has abandoned in what can only be seen as the cynical betrayal of our (and we had thought his own) values and ideals in the desperate search for a few bucks. ", "His attitude appears to be the rationale of every drug dealer, every provider of pornography — if I don’t do it, someone else will, so why should Australia not aspire to become one of the top ten worldwide merchants of death?", "\n\nAnd of course, we (unlike every other merchant) will take stringent precautions to ensure that our guns, bombs, tanks and whatever instruments of slaughter that our scientists can devise, will never be used illegally and unethically. ", "The latter stricture may be seen as a contradiction in terms, but in fact, it hardly matters: the obvious fact is that once we hand the arsenals over we lose all effective control of them.", "\n\nPathetic: 'Turnbull Government criticised for not congratulating ICAN on Nobel Peace Prize'.", "\n\nThis is a huge vote of confidence from the global community for the brilliant work of ICAN, yet the federal gov can't acknowledge it. ", "https://t.co/qfsNXo7dCv — Friends of the Earth (@FoEAustralia) December 10, 2017\n\nTurnbull’s warriors have already signalled their willingness – eagerness, indeed – to flog the stuff to just about anyone who will pay for it. ", "Only a few weeks ago our ebullient Minister for Defence Industry Christopher Pyne was spruiking the sale of Australian weapons to Saudi Arabia — those wonderful folk who brought us 9/11 and are now committing war crimes in Yemen before moving on to subdue their own dissenting citizens by any means they deem necessary.", "\n\nBut of course, the Saudis are considered our allies – well sort of, they are the allies of our great and powerful friend, so near enough is good enough – and thus they are, by definition, worthy recipients of any horrors we can offer them – if, of course, the price is right. ", "And it needs not be added (but will be interminably among the government’s talking points) that there will be jobs involved – well, there may be a few, and there would want to be at the cost of $3.8 billion.", "\n\nAccording to a report from Human Rights Watch, Saudi Arabia has detained scholar Salman al-Awda for four months because he refused to tweet a specific message in support of the siege of Qatar. ", "@AJEnglish @hrw https://t.co/m1FV7Get4v — Megan O'Toole (@megan_otoole) January 7, 2018\n\nIn fact, we can confidently predict just 3,800 jobs, eventually. ", "We know that figure because the price of government assistance (read: taxpayer handouts) to defence procurement works out at a cool one million for every new worker employed.", "\n\nBut wait, there’s more — our killing machines will not only secure our own base for keeping up a steady supply of our own weapons (most of which are being licensed to foreigners anyway, and thus providing minimal profits to Australia) but revive our ailing manufacturing industry, the one successive governments have run into the ground. ", "The once thriving automobile sector could have been saved by a fraction of the cost to be lavished on the warmongers but that would have been economic irrationalism – picking winners – and we couldn’t have that.", "\n\nFortunately (and the only conceivable saving grace of the moral turpitude into which Turnbull is seeking to immerse us), we probably won’t have to: the experts in the field assure us that the already established merchants of death will effortlessly freeze out such a bumptious upstart in what has become a seriously cut-throat (and that is itself a euphemism) industry.", "\n\nLet’s face it, they know all about real wars, so a trade war with an uppity neophyte should be a doddle. ", "And if this happens (and frankly it should) Turnbull’s latest thought bubble will be revealed as an utter failure in every sense — not merely unforgivably depraved, but hugely wasteful and simply stupid. ", "What a way to start the new year of rewards for all.", "\n\nAs the world pushes for a ban on nuclear weapons, Australia votes to stay on the wrong side of history https://t.co/S1wqVGn7An — ODDemocracy AU (@OddemocracyA) November 15, 2016\n\nMungo MacCallum is a veteran journalist who worked for many years in the Canberra Press Gallery. ", "This article was published on 'Pearls and Irritations' and is republished with permission.", "\n\nMonthly Donation Frequency Monthly Annually Amount $ Single Donation Amount $\n\nStand for peace. ", "Subscribe to IA." ]

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[ "Immune reconstitution after combined haploidentical and umbilical cord blood transplant.", "\nUmbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells are frequently employed for allogeneic stem cell transplant, but delayed myeloid and lymphoid immune reconstitution leads to increased risk of infections. ", "We recently reported the clinical results of 45 patients enrolled on a pilot study combining UCB with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical donor with reduced-intensity conditioning who showed rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery. ", "We report here preliminary immune reconstitution data of these patients. ", "Patients were assessed for lymphocyte subsets, T-cell diversity, Cylex ImmuKnow assay and serological response to pneumococcal vaccination. ", "Natural killer (NK)-cell and B-cell reconstitution were rapid at 1 month and 3 months, respectively. ", "T-cell recovery was delayed, with a gradual increase in the number of T-cells starting around 6 months post-transplant, and was characterized by a diverse polyclonal T-cell repertoire. ", "Overall, immune reconstitution after haplo-cord transplant is similar to that seen after cord blood transplant, despite infusion of much lower cord blood cell dose." ]

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[ "DAC member profile: Poland\n\nStatistics from the Development Co-operation Report 2016\n\nIn 2015, Poland provided USD 442 million in net ODA (preliminary data), which represented 0.10% of gross national income (GNI) and a 16.8% increase in real terms from 2014. ", "Poland is committed to attain the 0.33% ODA/GNI ratio when political and financial conditions permit, and will strive to achieve it by 2030, as agreed at the EU level in 2015. ", "Poland is the 28th (last) largest Development Assistance Committee (DAC) provider in terms of official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of GNI, and the 20th largest by volume. ", "Poland’s share of untied ODA (excluding administrative costs and in-donor refugee costs) was 10.6% in 2014 (down from 62.7% in 2013), compared to the DAC average of 80.6%. ", "The grant element of total ODA was 90% in 2014. ", "At present, data on other official flows, private grants (funds raised by non-governmental organisations and foundations) and private flows at market terms from Poland to developing countries are not available." ]

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[ "A cargo container that was built to fly on NASA's space shuttles is being repurposed as a prototype for a deep space habitat.", "\n\nLockheed Martin announced it will refurbish the Donatello multi-purpose logistics module (MLPM), transforming from it from its original, unrealized role as a supply conveyor for the International Space Station to a test and training model of a living area for astronauts working beyond Earth orbit. ", "The work is being done under a public-private partnership between the aerospace corporation and NASA. [", "Orion Explained: NASA's Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (Infographic)]\n\n\"We are excited to work with NASA to repurpose a historic piece of flight hardware,\" said Bill Pratt, Lockheed Martin's program manager for the deep space habitat contract, in a statement.", "\n\nDonatello was one of three MPLMs that was designed to fly in the space shuttle payload bay to transfer cargo to the station. ", "Built by the Italian Space Agency under a contract with NASA, two modules, Leonardo and Raffaello, flew on 12 shuttle missions between 2001 and 2011.", "\n\nIn February 2011, Leonardo became a permanent storage module for the station, in part by using insulation that was stripped from the never-flown Donatello.", "\n\nLockheed Martin will build its full-scale habitat prototype in the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, where the Donatello module has been located. ", "The MPLM measures 21 feet long by 15 feet in diameter (6.4 by 4.6 meters).", "\n\nIn the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, workers help the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Donatello settle onto a work stand in February 2004. (", "Image credit: NASA)\n\nOver an 18-month period, Lockheed Martin will build upon its deep space habitat concept it developed during the first phase of NASA's Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships, or NextSTEP, program by using virtual and augmented reality prototyping in an effort to reduce costs and schedule, as well as identify and address issues while early in the design process. ", "The results, to be shared with the space agency, will help to further understanding of the systems, standards and interfaces needed to make living in deep space possible.", "\n\n\"It is easy to take things for granted when you are living at home, but the recently selected astronauts will face unique challenges,\" stated Pratt, referring to NASA's 2017 class of astronauts, who may be assigned to deep space missions. \"", "Something as simple as calling your family is completely different when you are outside of low Earth orbit.\"", "\n\n\"While building this habitat,\" Pratt continued, \"we have to operate in a different mindset that is more akin to long trips to Mars.\"", "\n\nThe deep space habitat is intended to be part of the Deep Space Gateway, a planned crew-tended spaceport in lunar orbit under development by NASA. ", "In addition to the living module, the gateway, as proposed, includes a power bus, docking capability, an airlock and a propulsion module.", "\n\nTo be launched within he first few missions of the Space Launch System (SLS) heavy-lift rocket, the gateway could also eventually serve as a staging point for a transport for astronaut missions outward into the solar system, or as a staging ground for missions to the lunar surface.", "\n\nIn addition to the deep space habitat prototype, Lockheed will also build a deep space avionics integration laboratory in Houston to demonstrate command and control between the Deep Space Gateway and the Orion spacecraft, also being developed by the company. ", "According to Lockheed Martin, the lab will \"help reduce risk associated with critical data interfaces\" between gateway elements and \"provide an environment for astronauts to train for various mission scenarios.\"", "\n\nLockheed Martin artist rendering of the NextSTEP habitat docked with Orion in cislunar orbit as part of a deep space gateway. (", "Image credit: Lockheed Martin)\n\n\"Because the Deep Space Gateway would be uninhabited for several months at a time, it has to be rugged, reliable and have the robotic capabilities to operate autonomously. ", "Essentially it is a robotic spacecraft that is well-suited for humans when Orion is present,\" said Pratt.", "\n\nIn addition to Lockheed Martin, NASA selected five other companies to develop ground prototypes and concepts for deep space habitats, including Boeing, Orbital ATK, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Bigelow Aerospace and NanoRacks.", "\n\nFollow collectSPACE.com on Facebook and on Twitter at @collectSPACE. ", "Copyright 2017 collectSPACE.com. ", "All rights reserved." ]

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[ "Q:\n\nWebpage flickers in localhost, but not when it is webhosted\n\nflicker on localhost. ", "short clip . ", "White flash observed when the page refreshes.", "\nWhile it is hosted, website link , it doesn't flicker at all.", "\nThis is really weird.", "\n\nA:\n\nIt's not up to you to determine how a browser chooses to render a page. ", " Browsers will pick which order to draw things in. ", " Sure, you can influence it in a lot of best-practice ways, but I would suggest that trying to optimize your site for loading your huge (2MB PNG!) ", "background image prior to rendering isn't the way to go.", "\nIn short, this loading order is normal and there is nothing that you should do about it.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Articles\n\nOn October 4, 2017, four U.S. Special Forces service members were killed in an ambush near the western Niger village of Tongo Tongo in an attack that has since gone unclaimed by any terrorist entity.", "\n\nU.S. military officials believe the attack came from the Islamic State (IS/ISIS) in the Greater Sahara. ", "However, if ISIS did carry out the attack, why didn't it claim it—especially the group’s claims of responsibility for attacks like Las Vegas and dozens of others which contain no direct connection to it?", "\n\nPro-ISIS media groups and channels have likewise been quiet about the attack: no celebratory graphics or social media campaign—just crickets, outside of disseminating some related news articles. ", "The silence is strange for the killing of Americans soldiers, which would in many ways be the most valuable type of attack a group like ISIS could capitalize on.", "\n\nSo, is ISIS behind the attack as US government suggests? ", "Yes and no.", "\n\nBackground of the Sahara’s Jihadi Movement\n\nTo assess what may have occurred in Niger and the confusion that followed it, one must first understand the jihadi militant groups that have developed significant clout in the region.", "\n\nFor years in the Sahara, groups connected to al-Qaeda (AQ) were the primary belligerents, though many operated under their own accord with separate leaders. ", "The main group operating in the region was Al-Murabitoun, formed in 2013 when veteran Algerian jihadi and former AQ commander Mokhtar Belmokhtar merged his forces with Tawhid wal Jihad, a group headed by Adnan Abu Waleed al-Sahrawi in West Africa.", "\n\nThe circumstances in the Sahara changed with the spread of ISIS around the world, though, especially after its arrival to Africa. ", "In March of 2015, ISIS accepted the pledge of the Nigerian-based jihadi group, Boko Haram, leading to the creation ISIS’ West Africa province.", "\n\nTwo months later, in May of 2015, Sahrawi and aligned fighters also pledged to ISIS, thus separating them from al-Murabitoun.", "\n\nBelmokhtar and remaining fighters in al-Murabitoun rejected the pledge as being made in their group’s name. ", "Years later, Belmokhtar would merge his faction with others in the region to form an official AQ affiliate called Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimeen.", "\n\nSahrawi’s Short-lived Time under ISIS\n\nOn October 30, 2016, a year and half after his pledge to ISIS, the group’s ‘Amaq News Agency released a statement and video showing Sahrawi distancing himself from any AQ affiliation, and pledging allegiance to IS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.", "\n\n'Amaq also issued a statement announcing Sahrawi's pledge:\n\nUnlike the clear transition of Boko Haram fighters into IS’ West Africa Province, the state of Sahrawi’s status as an ISIS member was murky. ", "First, ISIS never officially announced its acceptance of Sahrawi’s pledge or embraced his allegiance as it had for other pledges around the world.", "\n\nSecond, once ISIS accepts a pledge from a group, that group becomes part of ISIS, and all of its actions and media must be approved and channeled through the organization. ", "However, this was not the case with Sahrawi's group. ", "Neither ISIS nor its ‘Amaq News Agency published any releases about or from Sahrawi’s group, despite the fact that he continued to carry out attacks and issue threats in the West Africa region.", "\n\nDuring the time period between his pledge to ISIS in May of 2015 and the publication of his pledge by ‘Amaq, Sahrawi had called for attacks on the UN mission in the Greater Sahara. ", "Shortly after, on September 3, 2016, Sahrawi himself claimed an attack on a military position on the border of Niger by the “Burkina Faso branch,” calling it the “First Operation by the ‘State Organization’ in West Africa.”", "\n\nSahrawi was also attributed to a small arms attack near Intangom village in Burkina Faso on October 12, 2016 and an unsuccessful raid at the Koutoukale Prison in Niger five days later.", "\n\nWhat happened to the Sahrawi-ISIS connection is in some ways comparable to what happened with the ISIS-Boko Haram relationship following its pledge.", "\n\nBut Sahrawi’s attacks and claims were not announced by ISIS or by its ‘Amaq News Agency, but rather by a local media source used previously by Sahrawi and the other Murabitoun leaders. ", "After, Sahrawi continued on with his group of fighters to carry out attacks on the border of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso.", "\n\nWhat happened to the Sahrawi-ISIS connection is in some ways comparable to what happened with the ISIS-Boko Haram relationship following its pledge. ", "Though ISIS accepted the pledge and declared its West Africa Province, Boko Haram leader Abu Bakr al-Shekau, who instigated and executed the pledge, started releasing his own media and statements. ", "Not long after, it was clear he was no longer operating under ISIS. ", "There were many reasons that led to Shekau’s break, among them being his reluctance to accept ISIS’ control of the organization he founded.", "\n\nSomething similar happened with Sahrawi. ", "As seen after his pledge to ISIS, no real ties were created between the two: no communiques, no media, and no further acknowledgement.", "\n\nProof of Sahrawi’s separation from ISIS came in a letter dated May 13, 2017 (17 of Ramadan, 1438), in which he warned followers of the Sahara region’s Doshak and Imghad tribes against defending Niger and France. ", "Notably, the three-page letter didn’t once mention ISIS, Baghdadi, or anything related to the group.", "\n\nIt's not clear when Sahrawi’s ties with ISIS disintegrated. ", "It is possible, though, that this break may have been made before ISIS' ‘Amaq News Agency released the video of his pledge in October of 2016, which would explain why ISIS didn't follow up with any more media or acknowledgement of Sahrawi’s activities. ", "In this scenario, ‘Amaq might have used his pledge as a calculated morale booster for other supporters.", "\n\nSo was Sahrawi behind the Ambush on the US Soldiers in Niger?", "\n\nAfter the October 4 killing of four U.S. troops, U.S. military officials explained that their objective there was to find an IS leader in the region. ", "Most likely, that individual was Sahrawi, who maintains a large support network from the local tribes in the area.", "\n\nBased on the aforementioned ways Sahrawi has executed and claimed his attacks, it is not surprising that no official claim of the attack was published, but rather that local media reported: “Local sources indicated that Sahrawi executed the attack.”", "\n\nTo call Sahrawi an ISIS operative would be inaccurate, as he has clearly left behind his ties to the group. ", "But as this tragic killing of U.S. soldiers has appeared to show, he nonetheless exerts a dangerous amount of power in the region.", "\n\nNo, the Manhattan Attack is not the Result of ISIS Losing in Iraq and..." ]

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[ "Heriot-Watt University Dubai\n\nHeriot-Watt University Dubai Campus is a satellite campus of Heriot-Watt University based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. ", "Established in 2005, it was the first campus of an overseas university to open in Dubai International Academic City.", "\n\nHistory\n\nHeriot-Watt University Dubai Campus opened initially in 2005 at the Dubai International Academic City University Complex. ", "It originally started with 120 students, with plans to increase the number to 1,500 students within a 5-year time frame. ", "However, the pace of its expansion outstripped this projection, and by 2010 it had reached its original capacity of 2,000 students.", "\n\nConstruction of Heriot-Watt University's purpose-built campus in Dubai International Academic City began in 2010. ", "This state of the art campus officially opened on 3 November 2011, increasing the capacity of Heriot-Watt Dubai Campus to 4,500 students.", "\n\nIn 2013 Heriot-Watt University Dubai Campus opened its phase 2 campus extension boasting a 700-seater auditorium, male and female onsite accommodation, food court, gymnasium, indoor games room, food court, convenience store, and beauty salon.", "\n\nAs one of Dubai's most successful international higher education providers, the student population has now grown to 3,700, with students from more than 90 different countries studying at the campus.", "\n\nCampus and Campus Life\n\nHeriot-Watt University Dubai Campus is located on the Academic City Road in Dubai International Academic City, approximately 20 minutes from the city's business district. ", "Phase 1 of the campus consists of a three-floor building containing of numerous classrooms, IT lab facilities, mechanical, automotive, civil and electrical and electronic engineering labs, a library and fashion and interior design studios, in addition to outdoor sports facilities including basketball, tennis and volleyball courts.", "\n\nPhase 2 of the Campus offers a wider variety of facilities for the students, including a 700-seat auditorium, an indoor games room, a food court, a gymnasium, a convenience store, a quiet study area for students to use and onsite male and female student accommodation.", "\n\nAt the Dubai Campus, students work in a supportive and positive learning environment that will ensure they can make the best of their time at the University. ", "A range of support services are offered, with friendly and approachable staff who are able to provide students with the advice, support and information they need.", "\n\nGuaranteed tuition fee packages, interest free installment plans and opportunities for scholarships are also available to support students in the financing of their degrees.", "\n\nStudent activities and events are organized by the Student Council in collaboration with the student body at Heriot-Watt University. ", "The Student Council is headed by the Student President who is elected on an annual basis by Heriot-Watt University Dubai Campus Students. ", "The Student Council makes the major decisions regarding student activities. ", "These include the annual Watt Fest, International Days, Scottish Highland Games, charity drives, picnics etc.", "\n\nThe list of Student Presidents : \n Safiya Salim, 2010/2011\n Chris Burgoyne, 2011/2012\n Toby Toms Skaria, 2012/2013, 2013/2014\n Olivia Gonçalvès, 2014/2015\n Hrishi Ganesh K Nair, 2015/2016\n Franklin Thankachan, 2016/2017, 2017/2018\n Antony Kingston D'Santos, 2018/2019\n\nCourses\n\nOne of the first higher education providers to be licensed by the Knowledge and Human Development Authority in Dubai (KHDA), Heriot-Watt's degrees are also accredited by Royal Charter in the UK. ", "While the campus initially offered business, management, engineering and information technology programmes, it now offers more than 50 undergraduate and postgraduate (Master's degree and PhD) programmes across the following schools:\n\n The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society\n The School of Engineering and Physical Sciences\n The School of Social Sciences\n The School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences\n The School of Textiles and Design\n The Edinburgh Business School\n\nAt the Dubai Campus, students gain a degree that is taught and examined to the same exacting standards as on the university's UK campuses. ", "All of the programmes are taught by Heriot-Watt's own faculty, the majority of whom are permanently located in Dubai, supplemented by visiting experts in key fields.", "\n\nWith strong links to industry and business, the university takes pride in developing and educating future leaders, managers and innovators. ", "With many of the programmes on offer recognised by the relevant professional associations and institutes, a Heriot-Watt University degree is professionally valued and Heriot-Watt graduates are highly sought after by employers. ", "Many of the university's 77,000 alumni are working in key positions. ", "Graduates also have the benefit of 'Watt Club' membership. ", "This offers social events and networking opportunities.", "\n\nOne unusual feature of many of the degree programmes is the option of inter-campus transfers to Heriot-Watt University's other campuses. ", "Under the banner of the 'Go Global' scheme, students who commence their studies with Heriot-Watt University in Dubai can choose to spend a semester or a year at the one or more of the university's other campuses in Scotland or Malaysia. ", "Students starting courses in Scotland or Malaysia can also transfer to Dubai. ", "This is possible because Heriot-Watt University degree programmes are exactly the same at each campus.", "\n\nSee also\n\n Heriot-Watt University\n List of universities in the United Arab Emirates\n Education in Dubai\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nHeriot-Watt University\nHeriot-Watt University: Dubai study\n\nCategory:Universities and colleges in Dubai\nCategory:Heriot-Watt University\nCategory:2005 establishments in the United Arab Emirates\nCategory:Educational institutions established in 2005\nCategory:Dubai International Academic City" ]

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[ "Search\n\nSponsors\n\nDisclaimer\n\nBroncoTalk is an unofficial Denver Broncos fansite and is not affiliated with the NFL. ", "Images and articles used on this site are used under the fair use provision of the Copyright Act for purposes of comment, criticism, and news reporting.", "\n\nAbout\n\nBroncoTalk is the ultimate fan-powered Denver Broncos blog. ", "Make us your daily stop for the latest Denver Broncos news and commentary on the web!", "\n\nBlogroll\n\nRod's Wisdom\n\n\"[On Jake Plummer] We don't expect him to be some superhero. ", "If he goes out there and tries to please everybody, then we're in trouble because he can't, but he can please the 50-plus guys on this team. ", "And we're the hardest critics he's ever going to face.\"", "\n\nThe playoffs are in full swing these days but the Chicago Bears‘ season is already over. ", "In Chicago, the offseason starts now. ", "Chicago is now searching for a new head coach and Denver’s offensive coordinator, Mike McCoy, is one of the possible candidates to land the gig. ", "If McCoy does become the Bears next head […]\n\nWhen veteran safety Jim Leonhard (5-8, 188 lbs.) ", "arrived in Denver, his jersey number of choice—No. ", "36—was already taken. ", "With no complaints, Leonhard went with No. ", "45 as an alternative. ", "A month after signing and three weeks after becoming healthy again, Leonhard survived roster cuts and is currently listed as the second free safety on […]" ]

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[ "Dario Šimić ruši Šukera: Svi iz vrha HNS-a sad moraju otići...\n\n'Želim vratiti povjerenje u hrvatski nogomet, a to je moguće samo s mjesta predsjednika. ", "Naš nogomet je pun negativnosti. ", "Ostao je izgubljen između optužnica za kriminal, praznih tribina i negativne atmosfere'\n\n<p>Želim vratiti povjerenje u hrvatski nogomet, a to mogu samo kao predsjednik HNS-a. Mislim da imam dovoljno referenci za taj posao. ", "Bivši sam reprezentativac sa stotinu nastupa, nogomet obožavam i u njemu sam se puno puta dokazao. ", "Moj život je bio, i još je uvijek je širi od nogometne utakmice, s obitelji sam izgradio uspješnu poslovnu priču. ", "Uz to, podsjetit ću vas na angažman u nogometom sindikatu, prvom sportskom sindikatu u Hrvatskoj, na koji san iznimno ponosan jer je postao punopravni član FIFProa. ", "Organizirali smo pet kampova za igrače bez ugovora, pet nogometnih Oscara, besplatno zastupali igrače u preko 240 sporova. ", "Trenutno 32 studenta pohađaju UCN Sveučilište u Danskoj, što znači da smo 'uvezli' preko 700 tisuća eura znanja, jer godina studija košta 8.400 eura, a mi igračima cijeli studij omogućujemo za 300 eura, kaže <strong>Dario Šimić</strong>, najozbiljniji kandidat za mjesto novog predsjednika HNS-a.</p><p><strong>Što vas je ponukalo da se kandidirate za mjesto predsjednika HNS-a?</strong></p><p>- Želim vratiti povjerenje u hrvatski nogomet, a to je moguće samo s mjesta predsjednika saveza. ", "Naš nogomet je pun negativnosti. ", "Ostao je tijekom godina izgubljen između optužnica za ozbiljan kriminal, praznih tribina i negativne atmosfere koja ga okružuje. ", "Postali smo taoci nekolicine i njihovih parcijalnih interesa. ", "Danas je nogomet izvor društvenih podjela, a zapravo je riječ o sportu koji nas je nekad razveseljavao. ", "Sjećam se tih vremena, i želim ih vratiti.</p><p><strong>Tko vas je podržao, i tko je u vašem najužem timu?</strong></p><p>- Ne bih se u ovo upuštao da nemam jak tim ljudi iz nogometa i biznisa. ", "Svjestan sam da samo sa širim timom ljudi možemo vratiti povjerenje u hrvatski nogomet. ", "Sad su tu Mario Stanić, Stipe Pletikosa, Goran Vlaović, Mario Jurić..., vjerujem da će nam se uskoro pridružiti i brojni drugi. ", "Nogometni savez je ozbiljan posao, te stoga računam i na nekolicinu uglednih poslovnih ljudi koji će nam se također pridružiti. ", "U svom timu ne želim poslušnike i dizače ruku, već poštene i stručne pojedince.</p><p><strong>Što je sve bilo loše u radu aktualnog vodstva HNS-a, i što planirate promijeniti?</strong></p><p>- U nijednoj nogometnoj sferi vodstvo Saveza nije napravilo pozitivan pomak, a u društvenoj sferi su stvoriti atmosferu podjela i apsolutnog nepovjerenja. ", "Zbog njihovog (ne)rada ne postoji povjerenje u ligu, ne postoji povjerenje u biranje izbornika, ne postoji međusobno povjerenje klubova i drugi nogometnih dionika... Budući savez dičit će se maksimalnom transparentnošću financijskog poslovanja, te će podizati nogometnu infrastrukturu u svim dijelovima naše zemlje. ", "HNL je naša baza, i njoj ćemo posvetiti maksimalnu pozornost, te vratiti Udrugu prvoligaša. ", "Na svim razinama planiram kadrovski i financijski osnažiti timove, kako bi znali iskoristiti dostupne fondove za razvoj infrastrukture, te maksimalno iskoristiti sve marketinške potencijale koji postoje.</p><p><strong>Smatrate li da će promjene biti moguće, i u kojem roku?</strong></p><p>- Planirane projekte provest ćemo tijekom jednog predsjedničkog mandata, a povjerenje ćemo početi vraćati odmah.</p><p><strong>Kako planirate vratiti narušeno povjerenje u HNS, da to opet postane 'hrvatski' Savez, a ne Savez jedne interesne skupine ljudi?</strong></p><p>- Micanjem sporne interesne skupine ljudi.</p><p><strong>Što planirate napraviti po pitanju poboljšavanju infrastrukture?</strong></p><p>- Planiramo maksimalno iskoristiti sredstva dostupna preko međunarodnih nogometnih organizacija te fondova Europske unije. ", "Ključna infrastruktura se mora graditi ili obnavljati ravnomjerno u cijeloj zemlji, kako bi ostvarivala dva važna cilja - razvoj nogometa, te povećanje interesa za prvoligaška natjecanja. ", "Imamo 120.000 registriranih igračica i igrača, i moramo im osigurati adekvatnu infrastrukturu, te pritom prestati razmišljati megalomanski. ", "Godinama upozoravam kako su nam tereni jedan od najvećih problema. ", "Dobar dio godine prvoligaški travnjaci su gotovo pa neupotrebljivi, ponekad čak i opasni po zdravlje. ", "Možete samo zamisliti kakva je tek situacija u nižim ligama. ", "Nogomet u blatu ne zanima nikoga, te ne može izazvati veći interes gledatelja i sponzora.</p><p><strong>Hoćete li inzistirati na hitnoj implementaciji Zakona o sportu?</strong></p><p>- Savez se godinama ponašao kao država u državi i tumačio propise kako mu to u kojem trenutku odgovara. ", "Ne znam zbog kojih razloga im se to toleriralo, ali situacija je sada posve jasna. ", "Središnji državni ured za šport je izrekao svoj stav, i HNS mu se mora u potpunosti prilagoditi. ", "Treba poštovati proceduru, i nakon formiranja nove Skupštine što prije sazvati izbornu. ", "Izgubili smo dosta vremena, stoga promjene treba pokrenuti što prije.</p><p><strong>Hoćete li zatražiti reviziju poslovanja HNS-a i analizu svih troškova jer postoje sumnje u nenamjenski odljev novca?</strong></p><p>- HNS trenutno objavljuje minimum zakonski propisanih podataka. ", "To nije dobro, i to ću sasvim sigurno mijenjati. ", "U onome što je javno dostupno svi smo imali priliku vidjeti da je zadnjih godina došlo do naglog povećanja izdvajanja za pojedine stavke, poput troškova promidžbe... Sve to budi određene sumnje. ", "Ne znam gdje je taj novac odlazio, ali znam gdje nije - klubovi nisu dobili apsolutno ništa. ", "Savez mora ulagati novac u razvoj baze. ", "Vjerujem da boljim radom, privlačenjem novih sponzora, te aktivnijim povlačenjem sredstava iz europskih, FIFA-inih i UEFA-inih fondova, možemo osigurati klubovima 300 milijuna kuna u sljedećih pet godina.</p><p><strong>Kako planirate vratiti hrvatsku reprezentaciju narodu, hoće li reprezentacija igrati u svim krajevima Hrvatske, ne samo u Zagrebu?</strong></p><p>- Pod mojim vodstvom Hrvatska će igrati u svim našim gradovima, i učinit ću sve da svugdje bude lijepo dočekana. ", "Rekao sam da međusobno povjerenje moramo početi graditi odmah, a ovdje vidim dobar početak za to. ", "Reprezentacija će nam sada igrati i novonastalu Ligu nacija, bit će puno jakih utakmica kojima će domaćini biti svi naši nogometni centri.</p><p><strong>Što može ova hrvatska reprezentacija napraviti na SP u Rusiji?</strong></p><p>- Kvaliteta je tu, ali bila je i na prošlom svjetskom i europskom prvenstvu pa nismo uspjeli ostvariti zapaženiji uspjeh. ", "Za veći uspjeh potreban nam je povratak pozitivne atmosfere i naboja kojeg smo imali ranije.. Moja generacija nikad ne bi postala treća na svijetu da nismo imali osjećali potporu cijele Hrvatske.</p><p><strong>Koja je vaša poruka Hrvatima i hrvatskim nogometašima i nogometnim djelatnicima?</strong></p><p>- Uskoro će se ponovno pojaviti osmijeh na licima naših navijača, ali i igrača. ", "Bit ćemo ponovno jedno, i zajedno vratiti povjerenje u hrvatski nogomet.</p>" ]

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[ "Fountain (markup language)\n\nFountain is a free and open-source plain text markup language that makes it possible to write a formatted screenplay in any text editor, on any device, using any software that edits text files.", "\n\nFountain (which got its name from Fountain Avenue, the famous Hollywood shortcut) was inspired by John Gruber’s Markdown, and has its origins in two different and non-related projects: Scrippets, developed by John August and Nima Yousefi, and Screenplay Markdown, developed by Stu Maschwitz.", "\n\nHistory\nIn 2004, John August, who has written four screenplays for Tim Burton, was looking for a Markdown-like syntax for formatting text documents into screenplay form. ", "In 2008, he and Yousefi released Scrippets, a plug-in for WordPress and other platforms that allowed users to embed short sections of a screenplay in blog posts and forums, using formatting hinted from plain text.", "\n\nAt the same time, Maschwitz, software director of Red Giant Software and co-founder of The Orphanage, was working on a similar but more extensive project, Screenplay Markdown, that allowed plain text to be interpreted into a screenplay format.", "\n\nWhen August and Maschwitz realized they were both working on similar text-based screenplay formats, they decided to merge their projects, and the result was Fountain.", "\n\nImplementations\nFountain has since been implemented in several popular text editors, word processors and screenwriting applications, such as BBEdit, Emacs, JotterPad, Scrivener, Slugline, Storyist, Sublime Text, TextWrangler, Trelby, Vim, Visual Studio Code, Writer and many others.", "\n\nSee also\nLightweight markup language\nList of markup languages\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Fountain on MediaWiki\n Screenplay Markdown\n Scrippets\n\nCategory:Markup languages\nCategory:Screenwriting" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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[ "Bioethics: an African perspective.", "\nIn this paper I have attempted to open a window on an African approach to Bioethics -- that of the Nso' of the Bamenda Highlands of Kamerun [Cameroon] -- from the vantage position of someone who has familiarity with both African and Western cultures. ", "Because of its scientific-cum-technological sophistication and its proselytising character, Western culture, as well as Western systems of thought and practice, have greatly affected and influenced other cultures, particularly African culture. ", "But Western culture, systems of thought and practice, have been highly impervious and immune to influences from other cultures, philosophies, systems of thought and practice, even where these might have been salutary and enriching to Western culture and systems. ", "What I have here termed Nso' eco-bio-communitarianism clearly indicates a viable alternative world-view within which some of the bioethical perplexities and controversies of today might be more satisfactorily resolved than within a Western framework. ", "I have further attempted to show, by way of example, how, within such a world-view, abortion and suicide, for instance, would be disapproved of while euthanasia, in its etymological purity, is approved of." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "After a long summer of hard work in the laboratories, researchers in the Graphene Flagship are ready for two experiments this week, testing graphene technologies for space-related applications in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA).", "\n\nTwo teams of researchers will explore the benefits of graphene as a light-propulsion material in solar sails, and as a smart coating in loop heat pipes for satellites. ", "Both experiments will be performed in microgravity conditions, to simulate the extreme conditions in space. ", "The solar sails will float in microgravity in a drop tower experiment, while the research team investigating heat pipes will experience weightlessness onboard a parabolic flight.", "\n\nThe Graphene Flagship is a pan-European research consortium committed to bringing graphene technologies through research laboratories to mature applications. ", "Graphene, the single-atom thick carbon sheet, is promising for a range of applications thanks to its excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. ", "These properties will now be tested in extreme microgravity conditions, expanding graphene’s potential into new areas.", "\n\nLoop heat pipes are cooling systems used extensively in satellites and aerospace applications. ", "Cooling is achieved by converting a working liquid into gas inside a wick, drawing energy from the hot instrument to be cooled. ", "Following promising results on the ground, a team of researchers from the Graphene Flagship aim to demonstrate that coating the wicks with graphene can improve the effectiveness of the heat pipe even in microgravity conditions.", "\n\nTo test the graphene-coated wicks in microgravity conditions, the researchers will take part in a low-gravity parabolic flight operated by ESA in partnership with Novespace. ", "By performing a series of parabolic manoeuvres, microgravity is simulated in the flight, and the researchers will experience weightlessness.", "\n\n“I’m really excited, I’ve never done anything like this before,” said Dr Meganne Christian, a researcher at CNR. “", "Getting to see these materials that we’ve been working on for so long, finally work in the conditions that we want them to is really exciting.”", "\n\n\"I am excited about the experiment and looking forward to experiencing low gravity,” said Dr Yarjan Samad, a researcher at the University of Cambridge. “", "Performing the experiments in microgravity will be a challenge, but we have all done a lot of work and I think we will get great results in improving the performance.\"", "\n\nThe experiment is a collaboration between Graphene Flagship partners at the Microgravity Research Centre, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; the Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, UK; Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity and Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Italy; and Leonardo Spa, Italy, a global leader in aerospace, operating in space systems and high-tech instrument manufacturing and in the management of launch and in-orbit services and satellite services.", "\n\nDr Marco Molina (Leonardo), said \"We are happy to take part in the experiment and test the use of graphene for satellite loop heap pipes for the first time. ", "Mastering emerging technologies like graphene, and using them to develop of cutting-edge products is of prime importance for a company like Leonardo, which bases its competitiveness on innovation.\"", "\n\nLight sails can propel objects in space using pressure from light shining on a reflective surface. ", "GrapheneX, a team of PhD students from Delft Technical University (TU Delft), Netherlands, have developed an experiment to test graphene’s potential for use in light propulsion, by shining laser light onto free-floating graphene membranes in microgravity. ", "The TU Delft Space Institute, Netherlands, is also providing support to the GrapheneX project.", "\n\n“If you want to make a solar sail it’s very important that the materials you make the sail out of is very light,” said Vera Janssen (TU Delft), a PhD student involved in the GrapheneX project. “", "The ultimate lightness and the strength are really the main advantages of using graphene,”\n\nThe experiment will be performed at the ZARM Drop Tower in Bremen, Germany as part of ESA Education’s Drop Your Thesis! ", "programme, which invites students to propose ideas for microgravity experiments. ", "To create extreme microgravity conditions, down to one millionth of the Earth’s gravitational force, a capsule containing the experiment is catapulted up and down the 146 metre tower, leading to 9.3 seconds of weightlessness.", "\n\n“Facilities like the ZARM Drop Tower are something impressive, in the scale they are and the number of things that have to work together to be able to function properly. ", "I’m very honoured to go there,” said Rocco Gaudenzi (TU Delft), another PhD student who is part of the GrapheneX team.", "\n\nThese two ambitious experiments are an excellent demonstration of graphene’s diverse potential, and will lay the groundwork to expand the frontiers of graphene research.", "\n\nProf. Jari Kinaret (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden), Director of the Graphene Flagship, said “These two projects exemplify the two-fold character of the Graphene Flagship: the loop heat pipe project is targeting a specific application, while the light sail project is firmly linked to basic research and builds upon the unique combination of properties that only graphene can offer. ", "I am particularly proud of the fact that one of these projects was initiated by students working on area completely disconnected from space applications: this demonstrates the creativity of the next generation of researchers, and shows the sometimes-surprising links between different parts of our Flagship - or maybe I should say spaceship?”", "\n\nProf. Andrea Ferrari (University of Cambridge), Science and Technology Officer of the Graphene Flagship and Chair of its Management Panel added \"These are the first experiments where graphene is tested in near zero gravity conditions for space applications, and the first collaboration between the Graphene Flagship and the European Space Agency, with a clear path to applications, thanks to the Flagship Partner Leonardo, a world leading aerospace industry. ", "We have already a roadmap to take graphene further in the space industry across the next two to four years, with an additional two zero gravity campaigns already confirmed.\"" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

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[ "Anesthetic and hemodynamic interactions of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in dogs.", "\nAnesthetic doses of dexmedetomidine (DMED), a highly selective alpha 2 agonist, are not well tolerated hemodynamically. ", "The combination of an opioid with DMED might reduce the dosage requirements for each drug and thereby allow the same anesthetic depth to be achieved with lesser degrees of their individual side effects. ", "Dogs were anesthetized with enflurane. ", "One group (n = 5) received intravenous doses of DMED from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/kg. ", "Two other groups of five dogs each received fentanyl 15 micrograms/kg plus 0.05 microgram.kg-1.min-1 or fentanyl 45 micrograms/kg plus 0.2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. ", "Thereafter, they received DMED doses of 0.03-3 micrograms/kg. ", "After the effects of the last DMED dose were measured, atipamezole 0.3 mg/kg was infused intravenously and all measurements were repeated. ", "Then, naloxone (1 mg/kg) was injected intravenously and a final set of measurements obtained. ", "Anesthetic effects were assessed by determining enflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). ", "Hemodynamics and plasma fentanyl concentrations were measured at each determination of MAC. ", "DMED and fentanyl individually produced dose-related reductions of enflurane MAC. ", "During the lower rate infusion of fentanyl (plasma fentanyl concentration 1.0 +/- 0.3 ng/ml), DMED reduced enflurane MAC more than could be attributed to a simple additive interaction. ", "During the higher rate infusion of fentanyl (plasma fentanyl concentration 4.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml), DMED reduced enflurane MAC to greater degrees than were achievable by fentanyl alone. ", "DMED caused a dose-dependent increase in arterial pressure concomitantly with a decrease in cardiac output, and these changes were not modified by fentanyl. ", "The bradycardia following DMED was augmented by fentanyl. ", "There was a positive interaction, additive or synergistic, between DMED and fentanyl with respect to their enflurane-sparing effects. ", "The interaction allowed the same depth of anesthesia to be achieved by lower doses of all three drugs, potentially limiting the intensity of their individual side effects. ", "However, the presence of fentanyl increased the degree of bradycardia induced by DMED." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Safety and tolerability of concurrent natalizumab treatment for patients with Crohn's disease not in remission while receiving infliximab.", "\nNatalizumab, a humanized monoclonal IgG(4) antibody to alpha4 integrin, was investigated as a treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD). ", "The safety of natalizumab given in combination with infliximab has not previously been studied. ", "Seventy-nine adult patients with active CD (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] score > or = 150) despite ongoing infliximab treatment were randomized 2:1 to receive 3 intravenous infusions of natalizumab (300 mg; n = 52) or placebo (n = 27) every 4 weeks. ", "Patients received infliximab (5 mg/kg) every 8 weeks for at least 10 weeks before randomization and throughout the study. ", "The primary objective was to assess the short-term safety and tolerability of natalizumab in patients concurrently receiving infliximab. ", "Secondary and tertiary objectives included measures of efficacy, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and effects on inflammatory markers. ", "A subset of patients also participated in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis of the effects of concurrent treatment. ", "Incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar in the treatment groups. ", "AEs frequently reported in both groups were headache, CD exacerbation, nausea, and nasopharyngitis. ", "No patient had a hypersensitivity-like reaction to natalizumab, whereas 4 patients (5%) experienced reactions to infliximab. ", "Two patients (4%) developed anti-natalizumab antibodies; 10 patients (14%) developed anti-infliximab antibodies. ", "The mean CDAI score decreased with natalizumab plus infliximab but was unchanged with infliximab alone (-37.7 versus +3.5; P = 0.084). ", "Patients in both groups showed small increases in HRQoL (P = 0.811). ", "No drug-drug interactions were noted. ", "The combination of natalizumab plus infliximab was well tolerated. ", "Several positive trends suggested that treating patients not in remission with infliximab plus natalizumab had greater efficacy than treatment with infliximab alone." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Q:\n\nIs it possible to bind a collection of Groovy Expandos to a jasper report?", "\n\nI'm using the Grails Jasper report plugin in my application. ", "Im trying to bind a collection of Expandos to my report template. ", "\nMy Expando is built as follows \ndef calendarTask = new Expando() \ncalendarTask.title = task.name \ncalendarTask.date = new Date() \ndata.add(calendarTask)\n\nI then bind the collection in my controller\nchain(controller:'jasper', action:'index', model:[data:data], params:params)\n\nIn my report I have a field called \"title\" (type string) defined in my report template. ", "When I try and run this report I get the exception below. ", "Can you bind Groovy Expando collection to jasper reports? ", "\n\njava.lang.", "NoSuchMethodException:\n Unknown property 'title' on class\n 'class groovy.util.", "Expando'\nat\n org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean.getSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:1313)\nat\n org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean.getNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:762)\nat\n org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean.getProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:837)\n\nA:\n\nI wrote a quick test script, and it gave the same error\n@Grapes(\n @Grab(group='commons-beanutils', module='commons-beanutils', version='1.8.3')\n)\nimport org.apache.commons.beanutils.", "PropertyUtilsBean\n\ndef calendarTask = new Expando() \ncalendarTask.title = { -> 'tim' }\ncalendarTask.date = { -> new Date() }\n\nprintln new PropertyUtilsBean().getProperty( calendarTask, 'title' )\n\nSo it looks like common-beanutils and Expando don't play well together...\nHowever, if you change from using Expando to just using a plain Map, the beanutils call works, so could you try changing your code to:\ndef calendarTask = [\n title : task.name,\n date : new Date(),\n]\ndata.add(calendarTask)\n\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }

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[ "For someone based miles away from the capital in the Devon town of Exeter, Katie Hopkins seems to have a lot to say about London’s reaction to Wednesday’s terror attack on Westminster – all of it hyperbolic and false.", "\n\nContrary to Hopkin’s comments in an article for the Daily Mail and later in an interview with right-wing US news channel Fox News, Londoners have once again remained stoic in the face of terrorism and people go on with their daily businesses as they always have done.", "\n\nAl-Qaeda’s coordinated 7/7 attacks in 2005, the IRA’s reign of bomb attacks between 1970 and 1999, and carpet bombing by the Nazis during the Second World War, did little to dampen the city’s resolve to carry on. ", "A knife-wielding man driving a 4X4 is nothing.", "\n\nLondon mourns the loss of life on its streets, and police and security services will continue to work tirelessly to close the net around anyone involved in helping Khalid Masood prepare his attack. ", "But everyone was back to work on Thursday morning, with the pubs, bars, and clubs filled in the evening as they are very other day. ", "No-one in London is cowed. ", "No-one in London is nervous.", "\n\nIf Katie Hopkins feels belittled and “small”, that might be because her hate-filled attitude has never been less welcome in London – a city that feels even closer knit today than ever and resolutely open to the world. ", "Hopkins and her alt-right colleagues have the same end-game as the radical Islamists – to create a world where countries are closed and nasty to anyone with a different religion or skin-tone. ", "Sadly for them, the world is open, London is open, and their closed views have been left behind.", "\n\nA few highlights of the responses to Hopkins’ article and interview from Londoners and people around the world\n\nI should know better than to be surprised by Katie Hopkins' untrue outburst on Fox News. ", "People ARE united. ", "We're not united with you. ", "https://t.co/ioiVSERvuI — Elliot Gonzalez (@elliot_gonzalez) March 23, 2017\n\n@FoxNews @KTHopkins This gargoyle is talking nonsense. ", "I am in London. ", "No one is cowed, we are not afraid and we stand together. — ", "Jack Evans (@Jack4Evanss) March 23, 2017\n\n@FoxNews Hello Fox. ", "fyi we are not afraid, nor disunited. ", "@KTHopkins speaks for herself + tiny minority. ", "Suits your ugly narrative though. — ", "Chris T-T (@christt) March 23, 2017\n\n@FoxNews @KTHopkins Dear USA, this person is not credible. ", "A professional headline seeker. — ", "David Reid (@cnbcdavy) March 23, 2017\n\n@FoxNews @KTHopkins this is bollocks, we are fine. ", "Katie probably didn't take the tube this morning, unlike the rest of us. — ", "Rebecca Reid (@RebeccaCNReid) March 23, 2017\n\n@FoxNews @KTHopkins The vast majority of the UK despise Katie Hopkins. ", "We are not represented by her bigoted views. ", "Stop giving her airtime — Ľůķə (@EscapeMechanism) March 23, 2017\n\n.@KTHopkins went on air to say London is \"cowed\". ", "A \"patriot\" announcing defeat in the middle of the Blitz. ", "She's Lord Haw-Haw in a dress. — ", "Mark Wallace (@wallaceme) March 24, 2017\n\nISIS CLAIM RESPONSIBILITY FOR KATIE HOPKINS pic.twitter.com/bM9T1RxB0N — Mallow News (@MallowNews) March 24, 2017\n\nAt dark times like these it's heartwarming to see everyone come together in their hatred of Katie Hopkins. #", "londonattack — Kristian VanDerVliet (@kristianvanders) March 23, 2017" ]

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[ "/*\nCopyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.", "\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\nyou may not use this file except in compliance with the License.", "\nYou may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.", "\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.", "\n*/\n\n// This file was automatically generated by lister-gen\n\npackage v1\n\nimport (\n\tv1 \"k8s.io/api/core/v1\"\n\t\"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/errors\"\n\t\"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels\"\n\t\"k8s.io/client-go/tools/cache\"\n)\n\n// ServiceAccountLister helps list ServiceAccounts.", "\ntype ServiceAccountLister interface {\n\t// List lists all ServiceAccounts in the indexer.", "\n\tList(selector labels.", "Selector) (ret []*v1.ServiceAccount, err error)\n\t// ServiceAccounts returns an object that can list and get ServiceAccounts.", "\n\tServiceAccounts(namespace string) ServiceAccountNamespaceLister\n\tServiceAccountListerExpansion\n}\n\n// serviceAccountLister implements the ServiceAccountLister interface.", "\ntype serviceAccountLister struct {\n\tindexer cache.", "Indexer\n}\n\n// NewServiceAccountLister returns a new ServiceAccountLister.", "\nfunc NewServiceAccountLister(indexer cache.", "Indexer) ServiceAccountLister {\n\treturn &serviceAccountLister{indexer: indexer}\n}\n\n// List lists all ServiceAccounts in the indexer.", "\nfunc (s *serviceAccountLister) List(selector labels.", "Selector) (ret []*v1.ServiceAccount, err error) {\n\terr = cache.", "ListAll(s.indexer, selector, func(m interface{}) {\n\t\tret = append(ret, m.(*v1.ServiceAccount))\n\t})\n\treturn ret, err\n}\n\n// ServiceAccounts returns an object that can list and get ServiceAccounts.", "\nfunc (s *serviceAccountLister) ServiceAccounts(namespace string) ServiceAccountNamespaceLister {\n\treturn serviceAccountNamespaceLister{indexer: s.indexer, namespace: namespace}\n}\n\n// ServiceAccountNamespaceLister helps list and get ServiceAccounts.", "\ntype ServiceAccountNamespaceLister interface {\n\t// List lists all ServiceAccounts in the indexer for a given namespace.", "\n\tList(selector labels.", "Selector) (ret []*v1.ServiceAccount, err error)\n\t// Get retrieves the ServiceAccount from the indexer for a given namespace and name.", "\n\tGet(name string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error)\n\tServiceAccountNamespaceListerExpansion\n}\n\n// serviceAccountNamespaceLister implements the ServiceAccountNamespaceLister\n// interface.", "\ntype serviceAccountNamespaceLister struct {\n\tindexer cache.", "Indexer\n\tnamespace string\n}\n\n// List lists all ServiceAccounts in the indexer for a given namespace.", "\nfunc (s serviceAccountNamespaceLister) List(selector labels.", "Selector) (ret []*v1.ServiceAccount, err error) {\n\terr = cache.", "ListAllByNamespace(s.indexer, s.namespace, selector, func(m interface{}) {\n\t\tret = append(ret, m.(*v1.ServiceAccount))\n\t})\n\treturn ret, err\n}\n\n// Get retrieves the ServiceAccount from the indexer for a given namespace and name.", "\nfunc (s serviceAccountNamespaceLister) Get(name string) (*v1.ServiceAccount, error) {\n\tobj, exists, err := s.indexer.", "GetByKey(s.namespace + \"/\" + name)\n\tif err !", "= nil {\n\t\treturn nil, err\n\t}\n\tif !", "exists {\n\t\treturn nil, errors.", "NewNotFound(v1.Resource(\"serviceaccount\"), name)\n\t}\n\treturn obj.(*v1.ServiceAccount), nil\n}\n" ]

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[ "Impact of Childhood Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nonnotified Clinically Suspected Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Australia.", "\nFinnish studies have shown a significant impact of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) on nonnotified clinically suspected invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). ", "We used a similar vaccine probe design to estimate PCV7 and PCV13 impact in Australian children. ", "Season and age-matched pre-PCV7 cohorts (born in 2002-2004) were compared with PCV7-early and PCV7-late, and PCV13-eligible cohorts. ", "Using linked notification and hospitalization data, we calculated relative rate reductions (RRRs) and absolute rate reductions (ARRs) for notified IPD, and nonnotified clinically suspected IPD or unspecified sepsis (first hospitalization with an International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision-Australian Modification code: A40.3/G00.1/M00.1 or A40.9/A41.9/A49.9/G00/I30.1/M00, respectively). ", "Significant reductions in all outcomes were observed comparing PCV7-early and PCV7-late and PCV13-eligible to pre-PCV7 cohorts. ", "RRRs were high for both notified and nonnotified clinically suspected IPD (range 71%-91%), but ARRs were lower for nonnotified (5-6/100,000 person-years) than for notified cases (59-70/100,000 person-years). ", "RRRs for the combined outcome of nonnotified clinically suspected IPD or unspecified sepsis were lower at 21%-24% for PCV7-eligible cohorts and 36% for the PCV13-eligible cohort, but ARRs were considerable due to the high pre-PCV7 rates (ARR 37-31/100,000 person-years for PCV7-early and PCV7-late cohorts and 54/100,000 person-years for PCV13). ", "This study provides a quantitative estimate of the total burden of IPD preventable by PCV7 and PCV13 vaccination programs in Australia. ", "ARRs (compared with prevaccination) were significant but smaller than in Finland (122/100,000 for the combined outcome) and longer-term follow-up is required to determine the additional impact of PCV13 above that seen for PCV7. ", "Country-specific studies are needed to accurately estimate the burden of pneumococcal disease preventable by vaccination and cost-effectiveness of PCV vaccination programs." ]

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[ "East York\n\nEast York was a former administrative district and municipality within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ", "From 1967 to 1998, it was officially the Borough of East York, a semi-autonomous borough within the upper-tier municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. ", "The borough was dissolved in 1998 when it was amalgamated with the other lower-tier municipalities of Metropolitan Toronto to form the new \"megacity\" of Toronto. ", "Prior to its amalgamation, East York was Canada's last remaining borough.", "\n\nIt is separated by the Don River from the former City of Toronto. ", "Traditional East York is southeast of the river, and the neighbourhoods of Leaside, Bennington Heights and densely populated Thorncliffe Park are northwest of the river. ", "The heart of East York is filled with middle-class and working-class homes, with extensive high-rise developments along peripheral major streets and in Crescent Town and Thorncliffe Park.", "\n\nHistory\nEast York was originally part of York Township. ", "Following the incorporation of the Township of North York in 1922, York Township was divided by Toronto, Leaside and North Toronto. ", "With the rapid growth that followed the opening of the Bloor-Danforth (Prince Edward) Viaduct in 1918, the residents of the eastern half of York Township (as an exclave of the western half) felt they had been neglected by the township when it came to roads, sewers and other municipal services. ", "Left with the option to either join the City of Toronto or branch out on its own, 448 East Yorkers voted to incorporate a new township, while 102 voted to amalgamate with Toronto. ", "The Township of East York was incorporated on January 1, 1924 with a population of 19,849. ", "The western half of York Township retained its name.", "\n\nEast York was originally populated by working class English people who valued the opportunity to own small homes of their own, with front lawns and back gardens. ", "Many had immigrated from Lancashire and Yorkshire. ", "In 1961, 71.7% of the population identified themselves as having British origins.", "\n\nIn the late 1940s, after World War II, East York became home to many returning veterans and their families. ", "Many inexpensive homes were built, including the houses around Topham Park, by the government, to house the returning veterans and the baby boomers. ", "The local government was both socially conscious and frugal, fitting the residents' self-image of East York as filled with supportive neighbours and non-government organizations.", "\n\nFor many years, East York did not allow the serving of alcoholic beverages in any restaurants, etc. ", "The result was a heavy concentration of alcohol-serving restaurants and bars on Danforth Avenue, a main street in the city of Toronto running east–west just south of East York. ", "The prohibition of serving alcohol was eliminated in the 1970s.", "\n\nThe borough of East York was established in 1967 through the amalgamation of the former township of East York and the former town of Leaside. ", "Leaside was a planned industrial and residential community. ", "East York has over the years been a residential enclave for senior citizens, as the original owners from the 1940s age and as younger families move out to suburbs to live in larger houses. ", "East York had its own fire department with three stations, which are still in operation today under the combined Toronto Fire Services. ", "Recently, rapid and accelerated gentrification has changed many neighbourhoods. ", "Many one-story bungalows have added second floors, and many shops have been converted to more upscale shops. ", "Canada's only borough, East York was semi-autonomous within the greater municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.", "\n\nIn 1998, East York, along with North York, York, Scarborough, Etobicoke and Old Toronto, were amalgamated into the new \"megacity\" of Toronto. ", "East York's last mayor was Michael Prue who went on to become city councillor for East York, and then a Member of Provincial Parliament for Beaches—East York in 2001. ", "Between 2002 and 2005, the East York Civic Centre's \"True Davidson Council Chamber\" was used to hold the Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry/Toronto External Contracts Inquiry.", "\n\nGeography\n\nEast York is located not far from the mouth of the Don River. ", "The municipality borders Scarborough to the east, Old Toronto to the west, and North York to the north.", "\n\nDemographics\n\nEast York's population was 115,185 in 2001. ", "By the 2006 census, the population had dropped slightly (−2.7%), to 112,054.", "\n \nSince the 1970s, the population composition has changed from predominantly British, as East York has become a major arrival point for immigrants, many of whom have established their first Canadian residence in the apartments that became plentiful in Thorncliffe Park, Crescent Town and elsewhere on or near main streets. ", "Almost half of the population in 2001 (45.1%) was foreign-born, and of these, 49.0% had immigrated to the area between 1991 and 2001. ", " These groups include Bengalis, Indians, Pakistanis, Jamaicans, Filipinos and Sri Lankans. ", "East York also has a well established Greek population and a growing Chinese community. ", "In 2006 the percentage of visible minorities was 38.4%, and the percentage of immigrants was 44.4%.", "\n\nThe religious affiliations of the East York population are consistent with its ethnic composition. ", "Some 63.4% of the population adheres to Christianity, with an almost even split between Catholics (23.6%) and Protestants (25.3%). ", "Christian Orthodox and unspecified types of Christianity make up 12.0% and 2.5% respectively. ", "The largest non-Christian religious group is Muslim, who make up 12.6% of religious adherents, followed by Hinduism (3.7%), Buddhism (1.6%), and Judaism (0.9%). ", "A sizable percentage of the population (17.1%) has no religious affiliation. ", "\n\nThere is also Estonian House which is the unofficial Estonian Consulate in Toronto. ", "The building houses banquets, social events, and an Estonian school.", "\n\nWhile English is the dominant language in the area, nearly half (42.6%) of the population reports that their first language was neither English nor French.", "\n\nEducation\n\nFour public school boards provide primary and secondary education for residents of East York, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV), the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and the Toronto District School Board (TDSB). ", "CSV and TDSB operate as secular public school boards, the former operating French first language institution, whereas the latter operated English first language institutions. ", "The other two school boards, CSCM and TCDSB, operate as public separate school boards, the former operating French first language separate schools, the latter operating English first language separate schools.", "\n\nThe East York Board of Education was the former authority of English secular schools in East York, until East York was amalgamated into the City of Toronto in 1998. ", "The Metropolitan Separate School Board managed all separate schools (English and French) until 1998, when the school board was reorganized into CSCM and TCDSB.", "\n\nIn addition to primary and secondary education institutions, East York is also home to a campus operated by Centennial College. ", "The college is a post-secondary institution with campuses located throughout Toronto.", "\n\nSports\nEast York is home to various sports teams. ", "The hockey teams are the Bulldogs, playing in East York Arena, Victoria Village, playing in Victoria Village arena and the Flames, playing in Leaside Memorial Community Gardens. ", "All three leagues offer co-ed (boys and girls) entry level and competitive select hockey for various ages, being played in the North York Hockey League. ", "East York is home to East York Soccer, playing at East York Collegiate, Clairlea Soccer, playing at various locations and the Leaside-East Toronto Soccer Club, playing at Leaside High School and Flemingdon, who offer entry level and competitive soccer for all ages. ", "East York is represented by East York City FC in soccer. ", "East York is home to baseball organizations such as East York and Topham Park. ", "East York provides entry level and AAA baseball for all ages, while Topham Park provides entry level and competitive select softball. ", "East York is home to a provincially known figure skating club, a gymnastics club, a lawn bowling club, and a curling club. ", " East York has a skateboarding community group, Team EY, who collaborated with the local skateboarding community to build the East York Skatepark in 2007.", "\n\nLeaside Memorial Community Gardens, the largest recreation centre in Leaside, provides an indoor swimming pool, an ice rink, a curling rink and a large auditorium.", "\n\nSee also\n\nList of people from East York\nList of mayors of East York\nList of neighbourhoods in East York\n\nReferences\n\nNotes\n\nCitations\n\nFurther reading\nDavidson, True. ", "1976. ", "The Golden Years of East York. ", "Toronto: Centennial College Press.", "\nGillies, Marion and Barry Wellman. ", "1968. \"", "East York: A Profile.\" ", "Report to Community Studies Section, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto.", "\nWellman, Barry and Bernie Hogan, with Kristen Berg, Jeffrey Boase, Juan-Antonio Carrasco, Rochelle Côté, Jennifer Kayahara, Tracy L.M. Kennedy and Phouc Tran. \"", "Connected Lives: The Project\" Pp.", " 157–211 in Networked Neighbourhoods: The Online Community in Context, edited by Patrick Purcell. ", "Guildford, UK: Springer, 2006.", "\n\nExternal links\n\nEast York Information\nEast York Weather\n\nCategory:Populated places established in 1924\nCategory:Populated places disestablished in 1998\nCategory:Neighbourhoods in Toronto\nCategory:Metropolitan Toronto\nCategory:Former municipalities in Toronto\nCategory:Former cities in Canada\nCategory:1924 establishments in Ontario\nCategory:1998 disestablishments in Ontario" ]

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[ "Treyarch REMOVE Strange Mob of The Dead Remastered T...\n\nTreyarch's very own David Vonderhaar tweeted & deleted a tweet about Mob of the Dead :O►If you enjoyed this video, be sure to drop it a thumbs up! :)", "►TREYARCH'S OLDEST SECRET REVEALED: https://youtu.be/yA9DpX5vewU\n\nTreyarch developer David Vonderhaar tweeted a wall of Mob of the Dead Remastered memes and deleted 20 mins later. ", "The suspicion is real." ]

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[ "\nThe Death, and Life, of Reading Have Been Greatly Exaggerated (2016) - Tomte\nhttp://lj.libraryjournal.com/blogs/annoyedlibrarian/2016/08/18/the-death-and-life-of-reading-have-been-greatly-exaggerated/\n======\nasdfman123\nThe author seems to miss that there are people like me -- internet addicts who\ndon't read much anymore. ", "I was born in the mid-80s and throughout most of my\nyouth the only options were really vapid TV like reruns of Friends, very\nlimited use internet, or books. ", "For the most part, I chose books.", "\n\nI would read _constantly_. ", "Fiction, nonfiction, books on science, books on\nhistory, books on literature, you name it. ", "I read my older brother's honors\nEnglish books sitting around.", "\n\nThese days the internet is far more attractive and interesting than anything\nelse going on, and I can scratch my itch to read by skimming articles on news\naggregators without really retaining anything.", "\n\nArticles about the \"death of reading\" are about people like me who have\ntrouble unplugging to read. ", "There are still some people who do read books, so\nit's not completely dead. ", "But it is kind of sad for people like me who miss\nreading.", "\n\n(I'm actually doing much better these days, though, and at least right now I'm\ngetting some good reading done as I'm hooked on a series.)", "\n\n~~~\ndalbasal\nThat's a certain death too. ", "I'm in the same boat. ", "Reading a book has gone from\nguilty pleasure to the \" _I really need to do more reading \"_ chore.", "\n\nPeople still like Shakespeare. ", "But, it's not a guilty pleasure anymore. ", "Its\nsomething you do to \"better yourself.\" ", "You might call it a bourgeoisie\npursuit.", "\n\nA lot of art looks like this when it retires. ", "It moves up the class ladder\nwhere it is maintained for posterity.", "\n\n------\nj7ake\nI don't understand why the number of books people read a year mean anything.", "\n\nIf someone read one book a year, but they were part of the \"Art of Computer\nProgramming\" (including some exercises), it would be much more impressive than\nsomeone who read 50 books from Goosebumps series.", "\n\nReading is important, but contemplation and penetration of a subject should be\nthe goal (e.g. doing exercises in back of a book, summarizing a book,\ncritiquing a book). ", "People who are trying to finish a book every week is\nmissing the point, and will never read anything that is difficult or dense.", "\n\n~~~\nTeMPOraL\nI agree. ", "In particular, I don't think reading _fiction_ is in any way better\nthan watching TV. ", "Either way, you're doing it for entertainment, and getting\nnothing more out of it. ", "Not even shared cultural context, as these days the\nshared culture is mostly TV-oriented.", "\n\n~~~\nbena\nEven within fiction, there's wiggle room. ", "Hell, I'd even say not all TV is\n_just_ entertainment. ", "There's a big difference between reading \"Pachinko\" and\n\"50 Shades Freed\".", "\n\nBut yeah, I notice a lot of people like to brag about quantity of books read\nand claim that makes them learned. ", "It would be like going to McDonald's every\nday and saying you have a refined palate.", "\n\n~~~\nstuxnet79\n> not all TV is just entertainment\n\nCertainly, not all television is entertainment but in my experience the whole\nmedium itself tends to get looked down upon and there's a lot of ridiculous\nvirtue-signaling involved.", "\n\nCompared to the people I interact with I read a fair bit, I'd say higher than\naverage. ", "However, I also watch the occasional documentary / tv show. ", "In social\nsettings I usually don't bring up what I'm reading as I find it's not a\nsocially wise thing to do unless I'm certain the other party has similar\nreading habits to mine. ", "In general I usually bring up what I've watched\nrecently. ", "What I find amusing are the subtle jabs I get for 'wasting my time\nwatching tv' from people who I'm sure don't read as much as I do.", "\n\nTo me television is just another medium, nothing more, nothing less. ", "It has\nits advantages and disadvantages, sure, but I've learned just as much if not\nmore from extremely well done lectures / documentaries as I have from books.", "\nEven from watching regular 'tv shows' for entertainment purposes I've learned\nquite a bit as a lot of shows these days are extremely detailed (e.g. Mr.\nRobot) and there's quite a lot to learn or think about if you pay enough\nattention.", "\n\nI don't play video games as much these days, but I also find the amount of\ndisdain people hold for the entire medium is unwarranted IMHO.", "\n\nFor what I'm watching right now - I'm enjoying James Burke's Connections which\nwas recommended here on HN a while back. ", "I highly recommend others to watch it\nif they haven't!", "\n\n~~~\nbena\n> not all television is entertainment\n\nThis made me chuckle. ", "I was trying to imply that things can be more than\nentertainment. ", "Even things that are billed as straight up documentaries can\nhold some entertainment value.", "\n\nAnd I agree with you, people like to look down on television even though it's\njust another medium. ", "I've recently watched The Good Place, which is pretty\nmuch a sitcom, but they do introduce you to various philosophical concepts.", "\nBoth directly and indirectly.", "\n\nPenn Jillette said Mickey Dolenz has the best quote about video games he's\never heard: Video games are the new rock and roll. ", "It's the thing the parents\ndon't get. ", "So Penn watches his kids play Minecraft and he doesn't get it, but\nhe _knows_ he doesn't get it so he just lets them discover their own world.", "\n\n------\nlazerpants\nThe author is incorrect, at least according to polls. ", "It looks like the\nmajority of Americans read a book in 2015, with many of them reading more than\none.", "\n\n[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/27-percent-\namerica...](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/27-percent-american-\nadults-didnt-read-single-book-last-year-180957029/)\n\n~~~\nACow_Adonis\nThe median is apparently something like \"4 or 5 books\" a year.", "\n\nA YEAR.", "\n\nIn a virtue-signalling survey that will illicit higher responses than we might\notherwise expect (self reported rates of untested things seen as \"good\" tend\nto be over-report on such surveys, while rates of things seen as \"bad\" then to\nbe under-reported), i think that actually supports the authors point.", "\n\nEspecially when he/she mentions people with a stack of books on their bedstand\nor whom pack their kindles with multiple books at a time for holidaying.", "\n\n~~~\nmaneesh\nI'm confused. ", "Do you think 4 or 5 books a year is a lot, or a little?", "\n\n~~~\nACow_Adonis\nI think its appreciably close to nothing (including both the number of books\nmany people will be made to read while at compulsory schooling and education,\nand I also think its close the kind of number of books a non-reader would\nrespond to such a survey when making up an number given that they really don't\nread in any practical amount).", "\n\n~~~\nzith18\nI think the real number is close to 0-1 books read a year for most people. ", "5-6\nbooks read a year would be much more then the average person in my estimation.", "\n\n------\ntw1010\nI mostly just wish more people would read so that it'd be more likely that the\n5 people I hang out the most were avid readers, so I could get some spillover\nwisdom.", "\n\n------\nthrowawaymath\nI think this article would be better if it abstracts \"deep reading\" to\nlongform content. ", "The sort of reading the article is focusing on (novels,\nfiction) is only a small subset of the total amount of \"dense\" content\navailable. ", "The article calls itself a \"frivolous\" blog post, but many blogs\nare very insightful and intellectually stimulating. ", "If in any given year you\nread zero books, but you read several articles from The Economist and Foreign\nAffairs each week, you're still reading a substantial amount of longform\ncontent.", "\n\nEven in that (more generous) context, I think it's pretty difficult to say\nanything meaningful about how much reading the average person does. ", "The best\nwe can do is probably trade anecdotes because self-reported survey responses\ncould be unreliable. ", "That being said, in my opinion a lot of people\n(especially on websites such as this one) don't have a good awareness of how\nmany people are either inadvertently or _willfully_ uneducated because they\nsimply don't want to read. ", "It's very difficult to replace the information\ndensity of longform content when you're using a video medium, but videos are\nclearly far more popular. ", "Consider how often you search for reviews or\ninstructions and can find only videos on YouTube that say in 5 - 10 minutes\nwhat could have been written in a few paragraphs and read in maybe 2 minutes.", "\nSometimes instead of videos it's weird infographics filled with gifs.", "\n\nNote that I'm not talking about informational entertainment videos or visual\nwalkthroughs - I'm talking about strictly inefficient videos designed to be a\nlearning utility, like all those oddball ones where someone (poorly) narrates\nhow to do something on their compute by _recording themselves doing it and\ntyping instructions._ ", "Likewise, if you read through the comment threads about\na new movie in /r/movies, you'll come away with far more actionable insights\nabout the film than if you watched any given video review about it online. ", "The\nvideos that _do_ have a lot of information density are notable as exceptions\nthat prove the rule: they're generally very long, by YouTube standards, and\nnot (intentionally) funny. ", "Consider 3Blue1Brown or AltShiftX, for example. ", "The\nantithesis of this is local news or quick video snippets taking the place of\nlonger articles in the NYT, WSJ or FT.", "\n\nIf you're reading this comment, you are probably a person who likes to read.", "\nYou might not read fiction much, but you're spending your time on a forum\nspecifically devoted to discussing thought provoking content. ", "That means you\nmight be in a professional and personal bubble where all or most of the people\nyou talk to enjoy reading \"interesting\" things, for some definition of\ninteresting. ", "But most people are not scientists, entrepreneurs or software\nengineers debating the finer points of e.g. driving automation on Hacker News.", "\nMany people (especially below the poverty line) simply don't have the time to\nread anything nontrivial between taking care of their family and working one\nor more jobs. ", "Worse still, many people have become so used to video content\nthat they won't read anything. ", "One friend of mine only keeps up with the news\nby having CNN on in the background at his computer. ", "When I sent him an article\nabout something I thought he'd find interesting (the article on here recently\nabout Riot's anti-cheating systems), he simply said he wouldn't read it - not\nbecause he wasn't interested, but because, \"meh, too long.\"", "\n\nAnd this circles back to my original point - whether you consider only fiction\nor any intellectually stimulating longform content, it's clear that the vast\namount of actionable information people consume is presented to them via a\nmedium that is not designed for clarity and density. ", "If all you consider is\nfiction you might miss this point, because entertainment-driven media can be\nsubstantially thought provoking whether it's read or watches. ", "But non-fiction\nsuffers dramatically when it leaves the written medium.", "\n\n" ]

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[ "Oncogenic activation of v-kit involves deletion of a putative tyrosine-substrate interaction site.", "\nThe transforming gene of the Hardy-Zuckerman-4 strain of feline sarcoma virus, v-kit, arose by transduction of the cellular c-kit gene, which encodes the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) p145c-kit. ", "To gain insight into the molecular basis of the v-kit transforming potential, we characterized the feline c-kit by cDNA cloning. ", "Comparison of the feline v-kit and c-kit sequences revealed, in addition to deletions of the extracellular and transmembrane domains, three additional mutations in the v-kit oncogene product: deletion of tyrosine-569 and valine-570, the exchange of aspartate at position 761 to glycine, and replacement of the C-terminal 50 amino acids by five unrelated residues. ", "Examinations of individual v-kit mutations in the context of chimeric receptors yielded inhibitory effects for some mutants on both autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation functions. ", "In contrast, deletion of tyrosine-569 and valine-570 significantly enhanced transforming and mitogenic activities of p145c-kit, while the other mutations had no significant effects. ", "Conservation in subclass III RTKs and the identification of the corresponding residue in beta PDGF-R, Y579, as a binding site for src family tyrosine kinases suggests an important role for Y568 in kit signal regulation and the definition of its oncogenic potential. ", "Repositioning of Y571 by an inframe two codon deletion may be the crucial alteration resulting in enhancement of v-kit oncogenic activity." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Relationships between ten-year trends of tropospheric ozone and temperature over Taiwan.", "\nThe analyses of ten-year ozonesonde observations from 1993 till 2002, over Taipei, Taiwan show influences of climate change. ", "Despite huge increases in its precursor emissions in this region, there were little variations in tropospheric ozone. ", "Results indicate a warmer troposphere, a statistically insignificant rising tropopause, 79+/-206 m per decade, and decreasing tropopause temperature at -1.0+/-0.89 K per decade. ", "The derived mean tropospheric ozone is 40.58+/-10.99 DU, and has a statistically insignificant small trend of -0.78+/-1.7 DU per decade. ", "The derived ten-year vertical trends of temperature and ozone are inversely correlated with each other from the middle troposphere up to the lower stratosphere. ", "The averaged monthly vertical temperature trends show a generally warmer middle troposphere. ", "The tropospheric ozone monthly trend has small increases only in the lower troposphere during winter and spring. ", "Strong decreases occur in summer, from the surface up into the stratosphere. ", "For ozone variation, results suggest that influences of climate forcing are stronger than those from precursor increases. ", "More frequent and/or intense convection in summer and other climate-induced effects may contribute to the less than expected ozone observed in the troposphere." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "Effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in acutely infarcting myocardium.", "\nCellular cardiomyoplasty (CCM) is considered to be a novel therapeutic approach for post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure. ", "In this study, the functional effects of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation and the associated histopathologic changes were evaluated in a rat model of MI. ", "Rats were subjected to 5 h of coronary ligation followed by reperfusion and, 10 days after MI, animals were randomized into either the MSCs transplantation (MI-MSC, n=8) group or the control (n=8) group. ", "Allogeneic MSCs (3x10(6) cells) or media were epicardially injected into the center and the border area of the infarct scar. ", "Four weeks after the MSCs transplantation, the echocardiogram showed preserved anterior regional wall motion and increases in fractional shortening in the MI-MSC heart relative to the control heart. ", "Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure was smaller in the MI-MSC than in the control group. ", "Implanted MSCs formed islands of cell clusters on the border of the infarct scar, and the cells were positively immunostained by sarcomeric alpha-actinin and cardiac troponin T. In addition, the number of microvessels on the border area of the infarct scar was greater in the MI-MSC than in the control group. ", "Allogeneic MSCs transplanted into the MI scar formed clusters of cell grafts on the border of the infarct, expressed cardiac muscle proteins, increased microvessel formation, and improved regional and global LV function. ", "Our data indicate that CCM using MSCs may have a significant role in the treatment of post-MI heart failure." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "The regulation of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport and accessory proteins in multivesicular body sorting and enveloped viral budding - An overview.", "\nESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery drives different cellular processes such as endosomal sorting, organelle biogenesis, vesicular trafficking, maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, membrane fission during cytokinesis and enveloped virus budding. ", "The normal cycle of assembly and disassembly of some ESCRT complexes at the membrane requires the AAA-ATPase vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4p). ", "A number of ESCRT proteins are hijacked by clinically significant enveloped viruses including Ebola, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to enable enveloped virus budding and Vps4p provides energy for the disassembly/recycling of these ESCRT proteins. ", "Several years ago, the failure of the terminal budding process of HIV following Vps4 protein inhibition was published; although at that time a detailed understanding of the molecular players was missing. ", "However, later it was acknowledged that the ESCRT machinery has a role in enveloped virus budding from cells due to its role in the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway. ", "The MVB sorting pathway facilitates several cellular activities in uninfected cells, such as the down-regulation of signaling through cell surface receptors as well as the process of viral budding from infected host cells. ", "In this review, we focus on summarising the functional organisation of ESCRT proteins at the membrane and the role of ESCRT machinery and Vps4p during MVB sorting and enveloped viral budding." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }

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[ "How to draw Deadpool\n\nHow to draw Deadpool from Marvel comics. ", "Deadpool, Wade Winston Wilson, is a mercenary and anti-hero appearing in comic books published by Marvel. ", "In this tutorial, you will learn to draw Deadpool with step by step basic drawing instruction. ", "The step by step images will show you how to draw both his mask, body and the rest of the costume in a static natural standing pose with his arms crossed. ", "It is also important have some knowledge of anatomy as an artist. ", "Though you don’t have to know every muscles on the body. ", "More often than not you will have to design outfit over the body, but it is still very important to make sure that the visible anatomy is correct. ", "Best way I would suggest to learn anatomy is to go to life drawing session. ", "Quick gesture drawing will help you understand dynamic movement and poses while longer poses will help you learn anatomy and muscle structure in real life. ", "This drawing took me about thirty minutes to draw just for tutorial purpose, not a finished art or portfolio piece. ", "I usually start drawing the character with gesture lines to get the basic structure and pose of a character. ", "It is very important to get correct shape, proportion, and accuracy for initial sketch, before you start drawing with solid lines. ", "This way, when you make a final drawing, your drawing will be accurate. ", "Remember to keep it simple and correct before going on to the next step.", "\nWade Wilson’s early life is mostly unknown. ", "His mother died of cancer while he was young and his father was physically abusive. ", "Deadpool possesses a superhuman healing factor derived from that of the mutant Wolverine that allows him to regenerate damaged or destroyed areas of his cellular structure at a rate far greater than that of an ordinary human. ", "As such, he can regrow severed limbs or vital organs. ", "The speed at which this healing factor works varies in direct proportion to the severity of the damage Deadpool suffers. ", "This healing factor also affords Deadpool a virtual immunity to poisons and most drugs, as well as an enhanced resistance to diseases and an extended life span. ", "Deadpool is an extraordinary hand-to-hand combatant and is skilled in multiple unarmed combat techniques. ", "He is a master of assassination techniques, is an excellent marksman, and is highly skilled with bladed weapons.", "\n\nDeadpool\n\nBelow are step by step images how to draw Deadpool along with instruction. ", "Step one, I usually started off with basic head shape and shoulders. ", "Step two, I drew his eyes without nose or mouth because his mask covered them all. ", "I also sketched his shoulders muscles, forearms and torso. ", "Step three, I drew darker lines for his upper shoulders and upper arms. ", "Step four, I then drew the rest of his forearms and hands along with his gloves. ", "Step five, I sketch out his lower torso and utilities belt. ", "Step six, I finished up his costume along with all his gears and sword.", "\n\nAbout Xia Taptara\n\nXia Taptara (黃曉聲 Huang XiaoShēng), currently a freelance concept artist for games and films, formerly a character concept artist for ArenaNet/NCsoft (GuildWars & Guildwars 2). ", "I also work on various projects for Game of Thrones, Square-Enix, Paizo Publishing, Fantasy Fight Games, Disney Interactive, and many publishers & clients. ", "I use Wacom Tablet Intuos and Photoshop CS2,3,4,5 to do most of my professional art work. ", "I use pencil, pen, and traditional medium in my free time. ", "I founded IdrawGirls.com (TheArtClasses.com) in 2007 to motivate myself to create more and better art. ", "Also I get to draw and paint whatever the hell I want to. ", "Hopefully I can inspired some young soul and old soul alike.", "\n*QUESTIONS & COMMENT:\nPLEASE POST THEM ON THE BLOG.", "\nOr CONTACT ME via idrawgirls Facebook page. ", "DO NOT E-MAIL ME. ", "Thank you. ;-)", "\n\nAwesome! ", "I was looking for one of these! ", "Love Deadpool, and I’m aiming to draw all the Marvel’s Avengers later even though he’s not one of them I still count him in though cause he chills with Spiderman. ", "You didn’t draw his legs though so I put a tutu on him. ", "He does not look happy with it on though lol." ]

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[ "Sign Up Today at the Best Poker games in New York!", "\n\nFind the best No-Limit Texas Hold’em poker cash game in New York. ", "We are a group of people who love to play poker, have a few laughs, drink a few beers and basically just have a good time. ", "Midtown Poker is a private club located in Midtown, which means we have plenty of traffic at all stakes. ", "We only have Texas Hold’em Poker cash games at present but in future there are plans for poker tournament to be made available.", "\n\nWe use casino rules at the tables and have professional and friendly dealers. ", "We provide free food, pop, bottled water, beer and wine. ", "We are just regular people who wanted to have our own little club house to play in. ", "Our members are a mix of business professionals, doctors, lawyers, students, entertainment industry workers, night club owners and staff, shift workers, teachers, retirees and more… just regular people from all walks, who like to have a good time. ", "Most of the players at our games are friends, friends of friends or people we have found over the years with online postings for more players– most of these people have also become friends with regulars at the game.", "\n\nWe screen newbies but most are welcome to come out a first time.", "\n\nSignup Bonus:\n\nIf you are looking for a new player or Signup bonus, if so you have come to the right place. ", "Did you know you can get an incredible 10% buy-in bonus up to $30 just for playing with us?", "\n\nPros\n\nNew Player bonus which is called “Signup” bonus\n\nBring a Buddy Bonus\n\nEarly Bird Bonus\n\nWe have Professional dealers\n\nSecurity for your safety\n\nWaitress/Masseuse (**20min/$25 special**)\n\nAlcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages\n\nSnacks and treats\n\nMultiple large flat screen TVs\n\nSports, UFC & Boxing PPV event showings\n\nPoker Room Info\n\nPlayers Age Limit: 21+\nPhone: 1-347-471-1813\nRaces: All races and ages allowed just be cool.", "\nSupport e-mail: nysocialpoker@gmail.com\n\nGames:\n\nTexas Hold’em Poker\n\nPot Limit Omaha (PLO)\n\nDetails of Low stakes Contests:\n\nWhat Stake: $1/2 No limit Hold’em cash game.", "\n\nWhen: Mon – Fri @4pm. ", "Sat – Sun @2pm.", "\n\nWhere: Midtown, Manhattan.", "\n\nBuy In: Min $80 Max $500.", "\n\nNew Player: Gets 10% up to $30 bonus\n\nEarly Bird bonus: 10%.", "\n\nRegistration: It opens Up 2 hours before starting-time.", "\n\nDetails of High Stakes Contests:\n\nWhat: $2/5 No limit Hold’em cash game.", "\n\nWhen: Mon – Fri @3pm. ", "Sat – Sun @6pm.", "\n\nWhere: Midtown, Manhattan.", "\n\nBuy In: Min $300 Max $2000.", "\n\nNew Player: Gets $50 bonus\n\nEarly Bird bonus: 10% cap at 75.", "\n\nRegistration: It opens Up 2 hours before starting-time.", "\n\nCustomer Service\n\nWe offer a Hotline number (347) 471-1813 for all support queries. ", "There is also an email address (nysocialpoker@gmail.com) available if you prefer to contact us via email. ", "Responses are generally quick and helpful if you contact us via hotline." ]

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[ "UK car manufacturing grew for the second consecutive month in May, with production increasing by 1.3 per cent, official figures showed today.", "\n\nA total of 137,225 new cars emerged from UK assembly lines last month, helped by an increase in home demand of 13 per cent year on year.", "\n\nHowever, production of vehicles for export was down by 1.5 per cent in the wake of mounting concerns that the manufacturing sector would be crippled if no trade agreement is put in place with the EU by the time Brexit happens.", "\n\nCar production rebound: After months of declining manufacturing figures, May marked the second consecutive month of increased motor production at UK factories\n\nUK car factory outputs for the year so far currently stand at 705,603 units, which is still 2.9 per cent down on the same period last year.", "\n\nApril's rise of 5.2 per cent marked the first increase in vehicle manufacturing after months of dwindling demand for UK-made motors.", "\n\nThe Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) said the year-on-year increase in May was due to a 'marked decline in the same month last year' that was caused by 'several plants adjusting production schedules to prepare for a raft of new and updated models'.", "\n\nThe motor industry body also highlighted that production had sunk a year ago on the back of VED reforms that made most new models more expensive to tax.", "\n\nThis, along with fresh talk of potential crackdowns on diesel models coming to the fore at the time, heavily impacted the home demand for new motors in May 2017.", "\n\nHowever, it's concerns for exports that has sector insiders panicked today.", "\n\nProduction for overseas markets dipped by 1.5 per cent in May - though that could be just the tip of the iceberg if no trade agreement with the EU is put in place as part of Brexit discussions.", "\n\nCar production has been in decline in recent months but still remains significantly higher than it was half a decade ago\n\nAs it stands, four in five cars made in the UK are exported, showing the UK motor manufacturing industry's dependence on overseas markets.", "\n\nMike Hawes, SMMT chief executive, said: 'For this to continue, we need to ensure UK car plants are able to attract future investment, and this will depend upon maintaining the competitive conditions that have helped drive the industry’s success in recent years.", "\n\n'Given our dependency on the EU as our biggest customer and supplier, that means retaining the benefits of the single market and membership of the customs union – the minimum requirement for frictionless trade.'", "\n\nWhile home demand rose year on year, exports were marginally down\n\nThe industry body has called for the government to accelerate negotiations to implement a trade agreement with the EU as part of Brexit negotiation to safeguard the sector\n\nAccording to the motor trade representative, fresh investments in UK vehicle manufacturing has halved in the first six months of this year as car makers bulk at increasing their UK footprint while Brexit uncertainty looms.", "\n\nInvestments in facilities and model development fell to £347.3million between January and June this year, down from £647.4million in the first half of 2017, the SMMT said in a report released earlier this week.", "\n\nIt blasted Prime Minister Theresa May's government's 'slow pace of negotiations' and dubbed the proposed plans for trade after Britain leaves the EU as 'unrealistic'.", "\n\nAna Nicholls, lead automotive analyst at the Economist Intelligence Unit, said: 'There's no doubt that the automotive industry is going to be among those hardest-hit by Brexit, given the integrated nature of EU supply chains.", "\n\n'Unless there is comprehensive trade agreement, the legal and regulatory difficulties faced by the industry will span everything from environmental regulations, to workforce restrictions, research and development and product-type approvals.'" ]

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[ "Find t such that -4*t**5/3 - 313*t**4/3 - 1594*t**3 - 24728*t**2/3 - 36608*t/3 - 2560 = 0.", "\n-60, -8, -2, -1/4\nFactor -3*b**3 + 48*b**2 - 240*b + 384.", "\n-3*(b - 8)*(b - 4)**2\nWhat is z in 25*z**2 + 1590*z + 1565 = 0?", "\n-313/5, -1\nSuppose -15*d**4 + 550*d**3 - 885*d**2 + 350*d = 0. ", "What is d?", "\n0, 2/3, 1, 35\nFind u such that 4*u**4/3 - 2*u**3/3 - 2*u**2/3 = 0.", "\n-1/2, 0, 1\nLet 4*h**3 + 192*h**2 + 1872*h - 10816 = 0. ", "What is h?", "\n-26, 4\nSuppose 2*d**4/7 - 22*d**3/7 + 10*d**2/7 + 94*d/7 + 60/7 = 0. ", "Calculate d.\n-1, 3, 10\nSuppose -2*t**4/15 - 2*t**3/15 + 12*t**2/5 + 104*t/15 + 16/3 = 0. ", "What is t?", "\n-2, 5\nFactor p**3 - 39*p**2 + 399*p - 361.", "\n(p - 19)**2*(p - 1)\nSolve -2*z**2 + 40*z - 200 = 0 for z.\n10\nWhat is d in -4*d**2 - 152*d - 148 = 0?", "\n-37, -1\nSuppose 578*d**2/11 - 544*d/11 + 128/11 = 0. ", "Calculate d.\n8/17\nLet -3*k**4 - 97*k**3 - 798*k**2 - 192*k + 512 = 0. ", "Calculate k.\n-16, -1, 2/3\nWhat is z in z**4 - 6*z**3 - z**2 + 30*z = 0?", "\n-2, 0, 3, 5\nFactor 3*d**2/5 + 66*d/5 - 69/5.", "\n3*(d - 1)*(d + 23)/5\nFactor -y**4/11 + 113*y**3/11 - 1960*y**2/11 + 9300*y/11.", "\n-y*(y - 93)*(y - 10)**2/11\nDetermine f, given that f**3 - 15*f**2 + 23*f + 39 = 0.", "\n-1, 3, 13\nFactor 5*j**3 + 230*j**2 + 445*j + 220.", "\n5*(j + 1)**2*(j + 44)\nSolve 2*j**2/3 + 28*j/3 + 80/3 = 0 for j.\n-10, -4\nFactor 5*p**4 - 200*p**3 + 365*p**2 + 570*p.", "\n5*p*(p - 38)*(p - 3)*(p + 1)\nFactor -2*s**4 + 32*s**3 - 126*s**2 - 32*s + 128.", "\n-2*(s - 8)**2*(s - 1)*(s + 1)\nFind g such that g**5/5 - 19*g**4/5 + 97*g**3/5 - 9*g**2 - 162*g/5 = 0.", "\n-1, 0, 2, 9\nFind y, given that 10*y**3 + 116*y**2 + 312*y - 144 = 0.", "\n-6, 2/5\nFactor -3*v**4/2 + 69*v**3/2 - 459*v**2/2 + 1215*v/2 - 567.", "\n-3*(v - 14)*(v - 3)**3/2\nSolve -f**5 + 4*f**4 - f**3 - 10*f**2 + 4*f + 8 = 0.", "\n-1, 2\nLet -2*r**4/7 - 98*r**3 - 682*r**2/7 + 98*r + 684/7 = 0. ", "What is r?", "\n-342, -1, 1\nFactor 2*a**4 - 180*a**3 - 742*a**2 - 936*a - 376.", "\n2*(a - 94)*(a + 1)**2*(a + 2)\nLet 13*i**2/3 + 2*i/3 = 0. ", "What is i?", "\n-2/13, 0\nFactor h**5 - 8*h**4 + 7*h**3.", "\nh**3*(h - 7)*(h - 1)\nFactor 2*m**3/9 - 6*m**2 + 220*m/9.", "\n2*m*(m - 22)*(m - 5)/9\nFactor -r**3/3 - r**2/3 + 4*r/3 + 4/3.", "\n-(r - 2)*(r + 1)*(r + 2)/3\nFactor -2*u**3 - 30*u**2 - 46*u + 78.", "\n-2*(u - 1)*(u + 3)*(u + 13)\nFactor -14*v**3 + 218*v**2 - 6630*v/7 + 5202/7.", "\n-2*(v - 1)*(7*v - 51)**2/7\nFactor -4*m**5/7 + 24*m**4/7 - 48*m**3/7 + 32*m**2/7.", "\n-4*m**2*(m - 2)**3/7\nFind i, given that -26*i**3 + 88*i**2 + 74*i - 40 = 0.", "\n-1, 5/13, 4\nSolve 4*a**5 - 16*a**4 - 140*a**3 + 600*a**2 = 0 for a.\n-6, 0, 5\nLet -15*j**3 - 85*j**2 + 435*j - 135 = 0. ", "Calculate j.\n-9, 1/3, 3\nSolve -7*t**5 - 863*t**4 + 6012*t**3 - 12688*t**2 + 6784*t + 3120 = 0.", "\n-130, -2/7, 2, 3\nFactor 5*v**2 + 280*v + 3920.", "\n5*(v + 28)**2\nWhat is w in 35*w**4 + 25*w**3 - 80*w**2 + 20*w = 0?", "\n-2, 0, 2/7, 1\nFind m, given that 8*m**4/5 - 1028*m**3/5 - 25671*m**2/10 - 12449*m/10 - 154 = 0.", "\n-11, -1/4, 140\nSolve -y**4 + 120*y**3 + 245*y**2 - 120*y - 244 = 0.", "\n-2, -1, 1, 122\nFind n such that n**3 - 62*n**2 + 120*n = 0.", "\n0, 2, 60\nFactor 2*i**4 - 104*i**3/9 - 8*i**2/3.", "\n2*i**2*(i - 6)*(9*i + 2)/9\nSuppose w**5 + 3*w**4 - 3*w**3 - 7*w**2 + 6*w = 0. ", "What is w?", "\n-3, -2, 0, 1\nSuppose -2*c**5/11 - 12*c**4/11 + 296*c**3/11 + 2412*c**2/11 + 2106*c/11 = 0. ", "What is c?", "\n-9, -1, 0, 13\nSuppose 15*b**5 + 70*b**4 + 55*b**3 - 80*b**2 - 60*b = 0. ", "Calculate b.\n-3, -2, -2/3, 0, 1\nFind s such that 7*s**5/10 - 36*s**4/5 - 88*s**3/5 + 168*s**2/5 + 296*s/5 - 96/5 = 0.", "\n-2, 2/7, 2, 12\nFactor -2*u**4 + 34*u**3 - 88*u**2 + 56*u.", "\n-2*u*(u - 14)*(u - 2)*(u - 1)\nFactor 5*t**4 + 40*t**3 + 30*t**2 - 200*t + 125.", "\n5*(t - 1)**2*(t + 5)**2\nFactor 2*v**3/7 - 2*v**2/7 - 724*v/7 - 720/7.", "\n2*(v - 20)*(v + 1)*(v + 18)/7\nSolve -4*p**5 - 84*p**4 - 608*p**3 - 1440*p**2 + 1728*p + 8640 = 0.", "\n-6, -5, 2\nDetermine j so that -j**5/4 + 5*j**4/4 + 123*j**3/2 + 845*j**2/2 + 4075*j/4 + 2625/4 = 0.", "\n-5, -1, 21\nDetermine d so that d**4/6 + 5*d**3 + 157*d**2/6 - 170*d + 578/3 = 0.", "\n-17, 2\nFactor s**2/7 + 58*s/7 + 720/7.", "\n(s + 18)*(s + 40)/7\nSuppose 2*a**4 + 2*a**3 - 4*a**2 = 0. ", "What is a?", "\n-2, 0, 1\nFactor -39*z**3 - 621*z**2 - 537*z + 45.", "\n-3*(z + 1)*(z + 15)*(13*z - 1)\nSuppose s**3/3 + 2*s**2 - 7*s/3 = 0. ", "Calculate s.\n-7, 0, 1\nSuppose -x**4 - 13*x**3 + 16*x**2 + 28*x = 0. ", "Calculate x.\n-14, -1, 0, 2\nFactor 4*q**2 - 13800*q + 11902500.", "\n4*(q - 1725)**2\nDetermine q, given that 4*q**2 - 64*q/3 + 20/3 = 0.", "\n1/3, 5\nFactor 5*t**4 + 255*t**3 + 245*t**2 - 255*t - 250.", "\n5*(t - 1)*(t + 1)**2*(t + 50)\nLet 10*s**3/9 + 172*s**2/9 + 734*s/9 + 140/9 = 0. ", "What is s?", "\n-10, -7, -1/5\nFind t, given that -3*t**5 + 9*t**4 + 48*t**3 - 60*t**2 - 288*t - 192 = 0.", "\n-2, -1, 4\nFactor 5*t**2 + 350*t + 345.", "\n5*(t + 1)*(t + 69)\nSolve r**2/7 - 6*r/7 + 5/7 = 0 for r.\n1, 5\nFactor -220*f**2 - 545*f + 150.", "\n-5*(4*f - 1)*(11*f + 30)\nSuppose v**2/9 + 4*v/9 + 4/9 = 0. ", "What is v?", "\n-2\nFactor h**4 + 61*h**3 - 390*h**2 + 796*h - 536.", "\n(h - 2)**3*(h + 67)\nLet -4*k**2/5 - 28*k/5 + 32/5 = 0. ", "What is k?", "\n-8, 1\nFactor -4*g**2 + 100*g - 96.", "\n-4*(g - 24)*(g - 1)\nFactor 2*w**3/11 - 288*w**2 + 1251354*w/11 + 2515396/11.", "\n2*(w - 793)**2*(w + 2)/11\nSolve 7*y**2 - 9*y + 2 = 0 for y.\n2/7, 1\nFactor 3*l**2 - 78*l + 75.", "\n3*(l - 25)*(l - 1)\nDetermine t, given that 2*t**3 + 20*t**2 - 26*t - 44 = 0.", "\n-11, -1, 2\nSuppose -9*w**4 - 426*w**3 - 945*w**2 + 12*w + 540 = 0. ", "Calculate w.\n-45, -2, -1, 2/3\nFactor -5*h**4 + 150*h**3 - 505*h**2 - 10980*h + 11340.", "\n-5*(h - 18)**2*(h - 1)*(h + 7)\nFactor -40*i**2/9 - 2*i/9.", "\n-2*i*(20*i + 1)/9\nFactor 4*k**3 + 11344*k**2 + 8042896*k.", "\n4*k*(k + 1418)**2\nDetermine i, given that 2*i**3/9 - 86*i**2/9 + 880*i/9 + 968/9 = 0.", "\n-1, 22\nFactor -17*w**2/3 + 139*w/6 - 2.", "\n-(w - 4)*(34*w - 3)/6\nDetermine n so that -3*n**2/8 - 21*n + 531/8 = 0.", "\n-59, 3\nFind a such that 2*a**3 + 112*a**2 + 938*a + 828 = 0.", "\n-46, -9, -1\nFactor 2*s**3/15 + 736*s**2/15 + 22814*s/5 + 44652/5.", "\n2*(s + 2)*(s + 183)**2/15\nSolve 3*b**3/5 - 129*b**2/5 + 96*b - 468/5 = 0 for b.\n2, 39\nDetermine r, given that -r**2/4 - 23*r - 529 = 0.", "\n-46\nFactor 5*v**3 + 590*v**2 + 2300*v + 2280.", "\n5*(v + 2)**2*(v + 114)\nFactor 3*h**4 - 12*h**3 - 750*h**2 + 1524*h - 765.", "\n3*(h - 17)*(h - 1)**2*(h + 15)\nSolve z**2/4 - 15*z/4 - 17/2 = 0.", "\n-2, 17\nFactor 4*q**2 + 112*q + 784.", "\n4*(q + 14)**2\nFactor 3*g**2/2 + 825*g/2 + 1626.", "\n3*(g + 4)*(g + 271)/2\nFactor -5*h**3 - 1235*h**2 - 75640*h + 76880.", "\n-5*(h - 1)*(h + 124)**2\nFactor 5*k**5 + 10*k**4 - 15*k**3 - 40*k**2 - 20*k.", "\n5*k*(k - 2)*(k + 1)**2*(k + 2)\nWhat is u in u**3/6 - 197*u**2/3 + 785*u/6 - 196/3 = 0?", "\n1, 392\nSuppose -g**4/7 + 10*g**3/7 + 12*g**2/7 - 10*g/7 - 11/7 = 0. ", "What is g?", "\n-1, 1, 11\nFind b such that -2*b**2/11 - 276*b/11 - 1834/11 = 0.", "\n-131, -7\nSolve 2*u**5/13 - 4*u**4/13 - 16*u**3/13 - 4*u**2/13 + 14*u/13 + 8/13 = 0.", "\n-1, 1, 4\nFind d, given that -2*d**2/19 + 176*d/19 - 984/19 = 0.", "\n6, 82\nDetermine a so that 5*a**5 - 255*a**4 + 3790*a**3 - 17290*a**2 - 3795*a + 17545 = 0.", "\n-1, 1, 11, 29\nFactor 2*y**5/5 + 6*y**4 - 102*y**3/5 + 106*y**2/5 - 36*y/5.", "\n2*y*(y - 1)**3*(y + 18)/5\nFactor 3*i**4 - 12*i**3 + 9*i**2 + 12*i - 12.", "\n3*(i - 2)**2*(i - 1)*(i + 1)\nLet -2*r**3 + 26*r**2 - 52*r - 224 = 0. ", "Calculate r.\n-2, 7, 8\nLet 2*w**2/7 + 492*w/7 + 976/7 = 0. ", "Calculate w.\n-244, -2\nFactor -15*j**4 + 95*j**3 - 110*j**2 - 120*j.", "\n-5*j*(j - 4)*(j - 3)*(3*j + 2)\nSuppose -o**5/7 + o**4/7 + 9*o**3/7 - 13*o**2/7 - 8*o/7 + 12/7 = 0. ", "What is o?", "\n-3, -1, 1, 2\nFactor 36*l**2/7 - 3*l/7 - 138/7.", "\n3*(l - 2)*(12*l + 23)/7\nFactor -h**2 - 1185*h - 3546.", "\n-(h + 3)*(h + 1182)\nWhat is t in -7*t**5/2 + 11*t**4/2 - t**3/2 - 3*t**2/2 = 0?", "\n-3/7, 0, 1\nDetermine v, given that -v**3/7 - 69*v**2 = 0.", "\n-483, 0\nFind h, given that -h**5/5 + 6*h**4 + 83*h**3/5 - 924*h**2 - 23716*h/5 = 0.", "\n-7, 0, 22\nLet 8*c**5 + 150*c**4 - 694*c**3 - 2748*c**2 - 1384*c + 528 = 0. ", "Calculate c.\n-22, -2, -1, 1/4, 6\nFactor 4*x**3 + 4*x**2 - 64*x - 64.", "\n4*(x - 4)*(x + 1)*(x + 4)\nDetermine f, given that -3*f**3/5 + 210*f**2 - 18375*f = 0.", "\n0, 175\nFactor 169*d**3/5 - 1131*d**2/5 + 240*d + 500.", "\n(d + 1)*(13*d - 50)**2/5\nFactor 2*b**4/3 + 8*b**3/3 + 2*b**2.", "\n2*b**2*(b + 1)*(b + 3)/3\nDetermine y so that -27*y**5/5 + 1146*y**4/5 - 1571*y**3/5 - 1144*y**2/5 - 164*y/5 = 0.", "\n-1/3, -2/9, 0, 2, 41\nSuppose k**3/2 + 589*k**2/2 + 86435*k/2 - 87025/2 = 0. ", "What is k?", "\n-295, 1\nLet 4*m**2 + 168*m + 320 = 0. ", "Calculate m.\n-40, -2\nSuppose 3*n**4/7 + 12*n**3/7 + 3*n**2/7 - 18*n/7 = 0. ", "Calculate n.\n-3, -2, 0, 1\nSuppose -2*s**5/11 + 116*s**4" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }

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[ "Richa\n\nJackson\n\n#15\n\nGuard/Forward\n\nHeight:\n6'0\"\n\nYear:\nSenior\n\nCity/State:\nMidwest City, Okla.\n\nHigh School:\nMidwest City\n\nCareer Statistics &dtrif;&rtrif;\n\nBio\n\nVery versatile with the ability to play the three or four positions ... quick, athletic post player who also possesses great ball skills for her position ... healthy after suffering an ACL injury her sophomore season.", "\n\nCareer: Helped guide Duke to two ACC Tournament Championships, three ACC regular season titles and three trips to the NCAA Elite Eight over her four years ... part of 120 career wins ... suffered a torn ACL in her left knee on Feb. 15, 2012 against Virginia Tech ... played in 115 games in four years, while making 47 starts.", "\n\nAs a Senior (2013-14): Started 18 of 35 contests, while averaging 8.7 points, 3.7 rebounds, 1.5 steals and 1.4 assists ... started the final 18 games of the season ... hit 51.1 percent of her field goals ... scored a season-high 19 points against eighth-ranked Maryland ... drained a career-high nine three-pointers on the year, while hitting 36.0 percent from downtown ... totaled double-digit scoring in 16 contests ... collected a double-double at 24th-ranked Florida State with 14 points and 10 rebounds.", "\n\nAs a Junior (2012-13): Played in only two games prior to January as she was returning from an ACL injury the year before ... on the season, started nine of her 27 games played ... averaged 5.7 points, 3.3 rebounds and 1.1 steals ... notched double-figure scoring in four games, including 12 points in the NCAA Elite Eight against second-ranked Notre Dame ... had 13 points in the ACC Tournament against N.C. State ... totaled a season-high 16 points at Boston College on 6-of-8 field goals ... tallied 10 points at Wake Forest ... pulled down a season-high eight rebounds in the ACC Championship game against 15th-ranked North Carolina ... started the final six games of the season ... averaged 9.3 points, 5.7 rebounds, 2.0 assists and 1.0 steals in three ACC Tournament games.", "\n\nAs a Sophomore (2011-12): Played in 25 games before suffering a torn ACL in her left knee against Virginia Tech ... had started 17 straight contests prior to the injury ... averaged 9.4 points, 4.6 rebounds, 1.8 steals and 1.1 assists ... totaled 12 games with double-figure scoring ... posted a career-high 21 points, seven rebounds and five steals against N.C. State, while hitting 8-of-11 field goals ... hit 51.1 percent of her field goals and 37.5 percent from downtown ... collected her first career double-double with 11 points, 11 rebounds against Wake Forest ... notched double-figure scoring against her final three ranked opponents -- North Carolina (17), Connecticut (11) and Maryland (11) ... averaged 24.5 minutes ... hit 6-of-16 three-pointers, including all six over her final 12 games ... accumulated five old-fashioned three-point plays ... swiped a career-high five steals against N.C. State and Wake Forest.", "\n\nAs a Freshman (2010-11): Named a Preseason ACC Newcomer to Watch ... saw action in 28 games including earning three starting spots ... averaged 3.3 points per game ... registered 13 points, nine rebounds and one block against 18th-ranked Miami in her first collegiate start ... notched a career-high 15 points and five rebounds as she hit 6-of-9 field goals versus Wake Forest in the ACC Tournament ... all three of her starts came against ranked opponents -- 18th-ranked Miami, 13th-ranked North Carolina and 16th-ranked Maryland ... scored double-digits in two contests ... averaged 2.4 rebounds per game ...was injured in the first three minutes at Maryland and did not return ... missed five games during the regular season with a strained right shoulder ... swiped a career high three steals against UT Martin and Virginia Tech.", "\n\nHigh School/AAU: Oklahoma Gatorade Player of the Year in 2010 … a McDonald’s and WBCA All-America honoree … recorded 12 points and six rebounds in the 2010 McDonald’s All-America High School game … 2010 Parade First Team All-America … Daily Oklahoma, Oklahoma Super 5 and Tulsa World Player of the Year in 2010 … tallied career totals of 1,506 points, 499 rebounds and 275 steals … a three-time Mid-State Player of the Year honoree … twice selected to the All-State Tournament first team … averaged 17.6 points, 5.3 rebounds, 1.6 assists and 2.5 steals during her senior campaign …registered a season-high 29 points against Northside … tallied 11 games with 20 or more points … led the Bombers to the 2010 state championship, while being named MVP … recorded 12 games with 20 or more points … led her team to the 6A State Championship as a senior… a 2009 Big All-City First Team, Oklahoma Super 5 All-State and Jenks Tournament MVP selection ... a 2008 Big All-City Player of the Year honoree, while being named Mid-State Conference MVP, Jenks Tournament MVP, First Team All-State Tournament and MVP of the Springfield Tournament ... as a junior, averaged 15.6 points, 4.1 rebounds, 2.4 assists and 3.9 steals ... hit 56.6 percent of her field goals ... led her squad to a 26-1 overall record and was the runner-up at the State Championship ... selected to the Jenks All-Tournament team in 2007 and the Harrah Tournament MVP in 2006 and 2007 ... her sophomore year, averaged 17.4 points, 6.2 rebounds and 2.6 steals ... had a field goal percentage of 57.6 and tallied four double-doubles …her team finished with a 25-2 record and advanced to the final four of the State Championship ... as a freshman, averaged 15.3 points, 7.2 rebounds and 2.9 steals in only 14 games played ... led the Oklahoma Select club team to two AAU National Championships … played for the KC Selects club team in the summer of 2008 ... invited to try out for the 2010 USA U18 Women’s National Team.", "\n\nPersonal: Full name is Richa Shantel Jackson … born January 17, 1992 in Oklahoma City, Okla. … daughter of Richard Jackson and Sonja Searcy … has one brother, Richard (8), and two sisters, Shaletha (23) and Raven (8) … registered a 3.8 grade point average in high school ... majored in theater studies along with a minor in sociology and a certificate in policy journalism and media ... ACC Honor Roll selection as a sophomore." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }

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[ "//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//\r\n// //\r\n// R u n C l a s s //\r\n// //\r\n//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//\r\n// <editor-fold defaultstate=\"collapsed\" desc=\"hdr\">\r\n//\r\n// Copyright © Audiveris 2018. ", "All rights reserved.", "\r\n//\r\n// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the\r\n// GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version\r\n// 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.", "\r\n//\r\n// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;\r\n// without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.", "\r\n// See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.", "\r\n//\r\n// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this\r\n// program. ", " If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.", "\r\n//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//\r\n// </editor-fold>\r\npackage org.audiveris.omr.step;\r\n\r\nimport org.audiveris.omr.sheet.", "Book;\r\n\r\nimport java.util.", "SortedSet;\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Class {@code RunClass} is the abstract basis for specific processing.", "\r\n *\r\n * @author Hervé Bitteur\r\n */\r\npublic abstract class RunClass\r\n{\r\n\r\n /** Book involved. */", "\r\n protected Book book;\r\n\r\n /** Specific sheet IDs. */", "\r\n protected SortedSet<Integer> sheetIds;\r\n\r\n /**\r\n * Creates a new {@code RunClass} object.", "\r\n *\r\n * @param book the book to process\r\n * @param sheetIds specific sheet IDs if any\r\n */\r\n public RunClass (Book book,\r\n SortedSet<Integer> sheetIds)\r\n {\r\n this.book = book;\r\n this.sheetIds = sheetIds;\r\n }\r\n\r\n /**\r\n * The processing to be done.", "\r\n */\r\n public abstract void process ();\r\n}\r\n" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }

[ 0.02457490563392639, 0.0006133938441053033, 0.0006441560108214617, 0.0006021113367751241, 0.0005745038506574929, 0.0005847304710187018, 0.0006092393305152655, 0.0022624924313277006, 0.0007726048934273422, 0.0006516941939480603, 0.0007767199422232807, 0.0007165323477238417, 0.0009269857546314597, 0.0007034390000626445, 0.0006830448983237147 ]

[ "Колишня дружина глави Нацполіції Сергія Князєва Вікторія цьогоріч 6 разів вивозила великі суми грошей до країн ЄС.", "\n\nПро це на своїй сторінці у Facebook повідомив журналіст Євген Плінський, зазначивши, що тричі вона перетинала кордон у Закарпатській області, двічі у Волинській і ще раз у Львівській.", "\n\n\"Навесні прокуратура Польщі вже брала цю компашку на кордоні, вилучивши 500 тисяч євро і 50 тисяч доларів. ", "Але тоді Князєву вдалося утримати інформацію і забезпечити її невихід у ЗМІ\", – заявив журналіст.", "\n\n\"Тобто, ми маємо справу не з разовим проривом кордону, а з системним каналом нелегального переправлення грошової маси під крилом топспівробітника Нацполіції через різні митниці. ", "Ось вам і відповіді на питання про бурштин, сигарети, гральні зали, проституцію під крилом правоохоронців\", – додав Плінський.", "\n\nВодночас глава Національної поліції Сергій Князєв увечері 23 вересня спростував затримання ексдружини Вікторії на митниці в Польщі з 650 тисячами євро.", "\n\nВін заявив, що став об'єктом інформаційної атаки: \"Це брехня, яка не має нічого спільного з реальністю\".", "\n\nУ той же час з'явився інсайд про те, що глава МВС Арсен Аваков нібито ще тиждень тому звільнив Князєва – до того, як стало відомо про скандал із його колишньою дружиною.", "\n\nЯк писав OBOZREVATEL, раніше блогер Павло Верещагін повідомив про затримання чотирьох осіб на автопереході \"Хребенне – Рава-Руська\". \"", "Вони їхали з України до Польщі на \"Мерседес\" КА0007ВХ. ", "Причина затримання – недекларування 650 тисяч євро\", – написав Верещагін." ]

{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }

[ 0.0016972527373582125, 0.0009484265465289354, 0.001203301944769919, 0.0012850593775510788, 0.0014375061728060246, 0.001198207144625485, 0.0018652385333552957, 0.000844654394313693, 0.0015497818822041154, 0.0010150301968678832, 0.0014734743162989616, 0.0019056485034525394 ]

[ "The proposed experiments are designed to provide insight into the molecular and cellular basis for humoral (antibody mediated) immunity. ", "Such knowledge is of fundamental importance to the development of effective vaccination strategies, and for approaches to the generation of monoclonal antibodies for use in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. ", "In particular, the experiments will examine how the antibodies expressed by an immune B cell population differ from those expressed by the \"naive\" population, and whether these two populations differ in their potential for further differentiation. ", "The immune response to the hapten p-azophenylarsonate (Ars) in strain A/j mice will be used as a model system. ", "To directly examine the composition and differentiative capabilities of the Ars-induced immune B cell population in A/j mice, we will exploit the fact that this population can respond to the hapten p-azophenylsulfonate (Sulf), while the \"naive\" B cell precursors to this immune population cannot. ", "Using this approach, the following questions will be addressed: (1) Do changes in the structure and function of the antibodies expressed by the Ars-induced memory B cell population take place during secondary and higher order immune responses to Sulf? (", "2) How related in structure to Ars does a \"boosting\" epitope have to be to elicit an immune response from the Ars-induced immune B cell population? (", "3) Does the Ars-immune B cell population produce a Sulf-boosted immune response in an irradiated mouse host (radiation chimera) that differs quantitatively of qualitatively from that observed in situ? ", "and (4) Are the Ars-immune B cell population and the B cell population that generates the primary anti-Ars serum antibody response derived from different subpopulations of \"naive\" B cell precursors?" ]

{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

[ 0.0005487137823365629, 0.0005925518344156444, 0.0006027003983035684, 0.0006557725719176233, 0.0006200354546308517, 0.0006110342219471931, 0.0008457114454358816, 0.0009228459093719721, 0.0008254757849499583 ]

[ "Ziad Alaywan knows how to build an empire.", "\n\nAlaywan was one of the first employees of the California Independent System Operator, a nonprofit corporation that now runs the power grid for most of the state, overseeing 900 power plants and 26,000 miles of transmission lines that serve 30 million customers. ", "Alaywan helped launch the system operator, then left in 2005 to found ZGlobal Inc., an engineering and energy firm. ", "He set up shop in Folsom, near Sacramento, where the system operator is also based.", "\n\nZGlobal secured its first contract with the Imperial Irrigation District in November 2005. ", "The $49,950 agreement called for ZGlobal to advise the publicly owned utility — which provides electricity and water in California’s southeastern corner — on a proposed 85-mile transmission line. ", "ZGlobal’s contract with IID was extended three times, growing in value to $1,119,500.", "\n\nSince then, IID has increasingly relied on ZGlobal, giving the consultant 15 contracts that will collectively pay as much as $18 million. ", "ZGlobal has analyzed proposed power lines, helped craft IID’s energy strategy and represented the utility in communications with state and national regulators.", "\n\nThe consultant’s work has helped determine how much money developers must pay to connect their solar farms to IID’s grid, and in some cases whether their projects can get built at all.", "\n\nZGlobal has also worked as a consultant for some of those solar developers.", "\n\nOver the last few years, ZGlobal has helped private companies develop nearly a dozen solar farms in Imperial County — some of which sell electricity to IID, and some of which have connected to IID’s grid in order to sell electricity to other utilities. ", "ZGlobal’s work for IID has put the firm in a position where it could advise the utility to spend public money in ways that could ultimately benefit ZGlobal and its private-sector clients.", "\n\nIn fact, ZGlobal advised IID officials on decisions that affected at least three solar farms being developed by ZGlobal clients — one of a number of potential conflicts between the public mission of IID and the private interests of ZGlobal, a yearlong investigation by The Desert Sun has found. ", "Our findings include:\n\nZGlobal has worked on seven Imperial County solar projects developed by Green Light Energy Corp. — a company that shares offices and representatives with ZGlobal across more than a dozen limited liability companies, an exhaustive review of public records shows;\n\nAs a consultant for IID, ZGlobal conducted engineering studies for two solar projects originally developed by Green Light and a third solar project being developed by a ZGlobal client, public records show. ", "Those studies help determine how much money developers must pay to connect their projects to IID’s grid;\n\nZGlobal advised IID to build the Midway-Bannister transmission line, which cost the utility $9.4 million. ", "Midway-Bannister made possible the construction of one Green Light solar farm and one other solar farm on which ZGlobal consulted for the developer;\n\nSeveral power purchase contracts for Green Light solar projects were presented to IID’s board of directors for approval by an IID employee whose son worked for ZGlobal;\n\nIn late 2015, IID placed five senior Energy Department employees on paid administrative leave and hired more expensive ZGlobal employees to replace them, giving ZGlobal a three-year, $9.1-million consulting contract for the work. ", "A few days earlier, IID had hired Vicken Kasarjian away from ZGlobal to co-manage the utility’s Energy Department.", "\n\nZGlobal’s growing role at IID has concerned some Imperial Valley residents, who worry that the more public money flows to ZGlobal, the harder it will be for IID to keep electricity rates low. ", "IID offers some of the cheapest electricity in California, which helps the utility’s low-income, largely Latino customers in the Imperial Valley and eastern Coachella Valley stay cool during the desert’s sweltering summers without breaking the bank.", "\n\nZGlobal employees working for IID “have different interests than we do. ", "They’re trying to make money,” said Shorty Hickingbotton, a longtime member of IID’s Energy Consumers Advisory Committee, who moved to the Imperial Valley in 1954 at age 16. “", "That’s why the people own the Imperial Irrigation District’s power department — we can maintain low rates.”", "\n\nHELP US INVESTIGATE: Do you have information that could lead to further reporting? ", "Please contact the reporter at (760) 219-9679, or by email at sammy.roth@desertsun.com.", "\n\nRELATED: Ties between Green Light, ZGlobal raise questions about financial conflicts\n\nThe Desert Sun has reviewed thousands of pages of documents, many of them obtained under the California Public Records Act, and interviewed dozens of people about IID’s relationship with ZGlobal — some of whom believe ZGlobal has violated California’s conflict-of-interest law. ", "The law says elected officials, public employees and private contractors working for government agencies “shall not be financially interested in any contract made by them in their official capacity.”", "\n\nThat means ZGlobal is prohibited from using its position as a government agent to participate in the making of public contracts that could benefit ZGlobal financially.", "\n\nAlaywan, ZGlobal’s founder and president, denied having any conflicts of interest. ", "He told The Desert Sun he’s always acted in the best interests of IID and its customers, saying he’s “done a lot” for the Imperial Valley by bringing solar developers to the region and helping IID make smart investments that keep rates low.", "\n\n“I have brought a lot of work for them, I have brought a lot of projects,” Alaywan said. “", "For us, this is not just a job. ", "There is something called social justice in this.”", "\n\n“People think I’m building an empire behind all this,” Alaywan added.", "\n\nIID officials say ZGlobal’s work has benefited ratepayers. ", "At a February board meeting, an IID staffer gave a presentation on the consultant’s recent work for the utility, saying ZGlobal had analyzed or modified dozens of transmission projects, eliminated a backlog of unfinished work and cleaned up faulty data critical to the operation of the power grid.", "\n\n“I’ve seen nothing from ZGlobal but an outstanding work product, and I wouldn’t change a thing,” Kevin Kelley, IID’s general manager, said in a recent interview.", "\n\nIID officials said none of ZGlobal's work for the utility has violated the state’s conflict-of-interest law. ", "Still, IID adopted a new conflict-of-interest policy this year in response to concerns about ZGlobal. ", "The policy says consultants under contract at IID can’t also work for private-sector companies seeking to do business with the utility — the exact position ZGlobal was in for years.", "\n\nFrank Oswalt, IID’s general counsel, discussed the new policy at a March board of directors meeting. ", "He also told the board that ZGlobal had ended its business relationships with “17 or 18 other clients who have done or potentially do business in Imperial County or in our service area” to dispel concerns about conflicts of interest.", "\n\nAt a public agency like IID, Oswalt told the board at the time, “You’re constrained to operate in a manner to avoid any kind of a conflict where ZGlobal — or any consultant, for that matter — could on the one hand advise the IID, and on the other hand represent a potential outside vendor, or do work for them on a consulting basis. ", "That, under the law, creates a conflict.”", "\n\nOswalt has his own prior relationship with ZGlobal.", "\n\nFor several years, ZGlobal housed its Imperial Valley office at a building in the city of Imperial. ", "ZGlobal leased the space from Oswalt and his wife, who owned the building from 2007 through 2015, public records show, before Oswalt became IID’s general counsel.", "\n\n“When the lease was up they moved,” Oswalt said when questioned by The Desert Sun. “", "I begged them to — well, I didn’t beg them, but I talked to them and asked them to stay.”", "\n\nBut they didn’t stay. ", "Now, Oswalt says his financial relationship with ZGlobal is “in the past.”", "\n\nThe Imperial Irrigation District is better known for water than for energy. ", "The utility controls the single largest share of Colorado River water, 3.1 million acre-feet. ", "IID supplies that water to the Imperial Valley farms that produce roughly two-thirds of America’s winter vegetables.", "\n\nIID was formed in 1911 and got into the energy business in the 1930s, when it realized it could generate hydropower along the All-American Canal, which brings Colorado River water to the California desert. ", "In 1934, IID struck a deal with the Coachella Valley Water District that gave IID exclusive rights to provide power not only in the Imperial Valley, but also in the eastern Coachella Valley. ", "IID now sells electricity in the Coachella Valley cities of Coachella, Indio and La Quinta, as well as several unincorporated areas of Riverside County.", "\n\nOver the last few years, ZGlobal has quickly made a mark on the century-old utility.", "\n\nJesse Montaño — a former IID employee who now runs ZGlobal’s Imperial Valley office and is the firm’s vice president of strategic planning — has become a regular presence at IID board meetings, often presenting proposed expenditures to the board for approval. ", "ZGlobal has played a critical role in IID’s legal battle against the California Independent System Operator, the grid operator Alaywan helped found. ", "In 2013, ZGlobal advised IID’s energy manager on an Energy Department restructuring. ", "The consultant has lobbied state and federal officials on IID’s behalf.", "\n\nZGlobal has worked for several California utilities and government entities, including Anaheim Public Utilities, where ZGlobal does after-hours energy scheduling, and Marin Clean Energy in the Bay Area, where the consultant provides scheduling and other services. ", "ZGlobal also provides reliability services to the Southwest Reserve Sharing Group, a collective of 15 utilities.", "\n\nBut the consultant only has one office outside its headquarters in Folsom.", "\n\nZGlobal’s Imperial Valley office, on Main Street in El Centro, is nondescript on the outside and impressive on the inside. ", "Visitors are greeted by a waterfall bearing the name “ZGLOBAL” under a high ceiling featuring wooden beams. ", "The office’s back wall is exposed brick, leftover from the historic Barbara Worth Hotel, which burned down half a century ago.", "\n\nUpstairs, ZGlobal employees monitor screens in a high-tech control room, scheduling electricity transactions for clients. ", "Montaño said the company employs 16 people in the Imperial Valley.", "\n\nTHE CURRENT: Subscribe to The Desert Sun's energy and water newsletter\n\nMost of ZGlobal’s work for IID has involved the utility’s grid: 1,400 miles of power lines, two dozen substations and other infrastructure that carries electrons across the region.", "\n\nIID has long supported the development of solar and geothermal power plants. ", "Imperial County has powerful solar and geothermal resources, and IID officials believe they can boost their revenues by charging developers to send the new electricity through their grid. ", "ZGlobal has been central to those efforts, advising IID on where to build power lines and helping the utility address conflicts with the state grid operator that may limit its ability to export electricity to other parts of California, according to public documents and statements by utility officials.", "\n\n\n\nZGlobal has also worked on solar projects being developed by Green Light Energy Corp. — a company that shares offices and representatives with ZGlobal across more than a dozen limited liability companies, most of which are managed or owned by Alaywan. ", "ZGlobal has worked on at least seven Green Light solar projects in Imperial County, based on public records, media accounts and information on ZGlobal’s website.", "\n\nGreen Light was the initial developer of the 50-megawatt Seville solar farm in western Imperial County, which sells electricity to IID, and the 150-megawatt Solar Gen 2 project in Calipatria, which connects to IID’s grid. ", "ZGlobal “performed all engineering, permitting, project development and operations activities” for those projects, according to the consultant’s website. ", "ZGlobal also consulted for the developers of the 107-megawatt Midway solar farm in Calipatria and the 20-megawatt Sol Orchard project in El Centro, both of which sell electricity to IID.", "\n\nREAD MORE: Ties between Green Light, ZGlobal raise questions about financial conflicts\n\nSome of ZGlobal’s work for IID has directly affected Green Light solar farms.", "\n\nIn at least two cases, ZGlobal studied the impacts to IID’s grid of solar farms originally developed by Green Light. ", "As part of its consulting work for IID, ZGlobal conducted a facilities study for Green Light’s Valencia 1 project and a facilities study and a system impact study for the Imperial Water Ventures project, on which Green Light was the original developer. (", "Green Light sold that project to a company led by former IID board member Mike Abatti.) ", "ZGlobal was the “operating representative” for both projects, according to contracts IID signed in 2014 and 2015 to buy energy from the solar farms.", "\n\nThose studies, which are required for new energy generators, show how the safety and reliability of the grid would be impacted by the additional electricity flowing through the wires and what infrastructure needs to be upgraded as a result. ", "Crucially, the studies help determine how much the upgrades will cost — and how the developer and IID will divide those costs between them.", "\n\nAsked if it was appropriate for ZGlobal to study Green Light projects for IID, Alaywan initially said he didn’t think ZGlobal had studied those particular projects. ", "Told later that the information about ZGlobal having done the studies came from IID, Alaywan declined to comment further.", "\n\nZGlobal also conducted a facilities study and a system impact study for a planned 30-megawatt addition to the Midway solar project. ", "Alaywan told The Desert Sun that ZGlobal has worked both for Midway’s current developer, Solar Frontier, and for its former developer, 8minutenergy.", "\n\nA few years before ZGlobal conducted those studies, IID had paid the consultant to study the proposed Midway-Bannister power line. ", "According to ZGlobal’s website, the firm “performed cost benefit analysis, project justification studies and analyzed potential rate impacts,” before recommending that IID build the power line. ", "IID ultimately built the first phase of Midway-Bannister, spending $9.4 million in public money.", "\n\nSince Midway-Bannister came online in 2011, two solar farms that ZGlobal helped develop have hooked up to the power line: Sonora, which is part of the Solar Gen 2 project originally developed by Green Light, and Midway, for which ZGlobal was a consultant. ", "The Midway-Bannister line made those projects possible, allowing them to hook up to IID’s power grid and sell the electricity they generate.", "\n\nAlaywan said his recommendation that IID build the Midway-Bannister power line, and his subsequent work for solar companies that connected to that line, was “absolutely not” a problem. ", "He said he advised IID to build Midway-Bannister because he knew developers were willing to connect to the line and pay fees to IID for its use, meaning the economics made sense for the utility.", "\n\n“It’s a win-win situation,” Alaywan said. “", "I am sort of independent from the outcome, because I get paid regardless of whether the generator interconnects or not.”", "\n\nThree energy generators have hooked up to Midway-Bannister, an IID spokesperson said: Sonora solar, Midway solar and the Featherstone geothermal plant. ", "In addition to working on the two solar farms, ZGlobal has consulted for EnergySource, the company that built and owns the Featherstone geothermal plant, according to Alaywan.", "\n\nWhen Midway-Bannister opened in 2011, IID officials hailed the power line as a boon for the Imperial Valley’s geothermal industry.", "\n\nThe new power line “is just the beginning of our work to create a new industry that will change our future,” then-IID board president Stella Mendoza said in a statement at the time. “", "I look forward to working with the private sector on future projects that will not only help deliver green energy to outside markets, but will deliver the future of the place so many of us call home.”", "\n\nAccording to Alaywan, ZGlobal worked as a consultant for Solar Frontier, which developed the Midway solar farm, which connected to Midway-Bannister. ", "At an IID board of directors meeting in January, ZGlobal’s Montaño — acting in his capacity as an IID consultant — advised the board to waive between a quarter-million and half a million dollars in fees Solar Frontier had agreed to pay IID if it fell behind schedule building the Midway project. ", "Montaño said some of the delays were out of Solar Frontier’s control. ", "The board later followed Montaño’s advice, refunding more than $250,000.", "\n\nAlaywan and Montaño declined to answer an emailed question about the waived fees. ", "In an earlier interview, Alaywan said ZGlobal’s ongoing three-year contract with IID prohibits the ZGlobal employees assigned to IID from working for other clients, creating an “internal wall” that separates the company's IID and non-IID work.", "\n\nIt’s unclear if ZGlobal was still working for Solar Frontier when the fees were waived.", "\n\nIID and ZGlobal were also linked by a family tie.", "\n\nOn several occasions, contracts for Green Light solar projects were presented to IID’s board of directors for approval by Jamie Asbury, an IID employee whose son worked for ZGlobal. ", "Among the contracts Asbury presented to the board were agreements to buy energy from four projects originally developed by Green Light: Valencia 1, Valencia 2, Imperial Water Ventures and Seville, according to board meeting documents.", "\n\nThe contracts were all approved. ", "Once all four projects are built, the electricity will cost IID about $7 million annually.", "\n\nAsbury presented those contracts to the board while her son, Cameron Bucher, worked as a business and regulatory affairs manager for ZGlobal, according to his LinkedIn profile. ", "Bucher did work for ZGlobal on the Seville project, public records show. ", "He also used to work for IID.", "\n\nAsbury told The Desert Sun she didn’t negotiate any of the four contracts in question, and that it wasn’t unusual for her to present contracts she hadn’t worked on personally to the board, due to her role as IID’s deputy energy manager for business and regulatory affairs. (", "She’s since moved to a job in IID’s legal department.) ", "Asbury said her son wasn’t an owner of any of the parties to those contracts, and that she never worked with him directly when he was employed by ZGlobal.", "\n\n“It never occurred to me that it would be problematic,” Asbury said. ", "She added that the power purchase agreements for Valencia 1, Valencia 2 and Imperial Water Ventures were signed under IID’s feed-in tariff, a state-mandated program that requires utilities to buy electricity from small solar farms at predetermined prices.", "\n\nAsbury’s son, Bucher, didn’t respond to requests for comment.", "\n\nWhile it’s hard to say how much money ZGlobal’s private-sector clients have made by building solar projects that connect to IID’s grid, three of those projects have been sold to Fortune 500 energy companies.", "\n\nThe Solar Gen 2 project was bought in 2014 by Southern Company, which is based in Atlanta. ", "The Seville solar farm was acquired a year later by North-Carolina-based Duke Energy. (", "Green Light was the original developer of both projects, but didn’t make either sale itself; after working on the early stages of development for Solar Gen 2 and Seville, it sold them to other companies.) ", "Part of the Midway solar farm, on which ZGlobal consulted for the developers, was bought by Virginia-based Dominion Energy this year.", "\n\nZGlobal’s relationship with IID has alarmed Arn Lahde, a management consultant who has worked for IID, Westinghouse, Walt Disney Imagineering and other companies, and who has gotten to know IID employees. ", "Lahde has described ZGlobal’s work for IID as a “working both sides of the street” situation, in which ZGlobal manages work for IID that could benefit energy projects being developed by ZGlobal’s private-sector clients.", "\n\nMike Morgan, an Imperial Valley farmer and longtime critic of IID’s water policies, filed a complaint against the utility with California’s Fair Political Practices Commission, alleging conflicts of interest involving ZGlobal and several IID officials. ", "The commission rejected the complaint because it didn’t contain enough information, a spokesperson said.", "\n\n“Conflicted (consultants) like this won’t just loot you nickels and dimes and tens of thousands of dollars — they can really disrupt the whole place,” Morgan said in an interview.", "\n\nThe goal of California’s conflict-of-interest law, Government Code Section 1090, is to eliminate even the opportunity for elected officials, public employees and private contractors working for government agencies to benefit themselves using public money, said Roy Hanley, a partner at the law firm Hanley & Fleishman. ", "Hanley has written about Section 1090 and served as city attorney for several California cities.", "\n\n“This statute’s been around well over a century basically, and it stems from the idea that if you’re going to work for the public, you can only have one master — you don’t work both ends of a deal,” Hanley said. “", "If you’re a public official or employee as defined in the code, then you have to very strictly make sure you only work for the public interest, and not your own.”", "\n\nAlaywan said ZGlobal has never used its work for IID to enrich itself or its private-sector clients. ", "He said he introduced several companies that have built solar farms in Imperial County to the region, including Regenerate Power, Solar Frontier and 8minutenergy.", "\n\n“We have worked with every developer that connects to IID, virtually everyone,” Alaywan said.", "\n\nAlaywan said much of ZGlobal’s work for solar developers began between early 2009 and early 2013, during which time the consultant didn’t sign any contracts with IID.", "\n\n“During that gap was when we were able to open an office in Imperial and focus on non-IID work, and we brought in a lot of investors. ", "We told them it was a good place to invest money, we told them how. ", "And some of the investors relied heavily on us,” Alaywan said. “", "We were the owner’s engineers (for their energy projects), we were doing everything on their behalf.”", "\n\nZGlobal signed one of its last consulting contracts with IID before the gap described by Alaywan in March 2009. ", "While it’s unclear when ZGlobal did its last work for IID under that deal, the $180,000-contract was written to last through February 2012, covering much of the period during which Alaywan said ZGlobal started working for solar developers.", "\n\nIn October 2015, ZGlobal took on its most prominent role at IID yet.", "\n\nThat month, Kevin Kelley, IID’s general manager, made an announcement: He was putting several Energy Department employees on paid administrative leave, effective immediately. ", "Five senior engineers were affected. ", "Four days later, IID’s board of directors replaced those engineers with ZGlobal contractors, agreeing to pay ZGlobal $9.1 million over three years for transmission, engineering and planning services.", "\n\nAs part of that contract, ZGlobal committed to providing six full-time employees to IID in the Imperial Valley — to be paid rates ranging from $130 to $335 per hour. ", "The hourly pay of the ousted employees had ranged from roughly $65 to $95 per hour, according to publicly available salary data and information obtained from IID under the California Public Records Act.", "\n\nThe same week Kelley pushed out the five engineers, IID’s board met in closed session to hire a new employee to lead the utility’s Energy Department. ", "IID’s new energy manager for transmission and planning would be Vicken Kasarjian, who had worked at ZGlobal immediately prior. ", "Kasarjian would co-manage the department alongside existing energy manager Carl Stills.", "\n\nA few months later, Kelley reassigned Stills to another role, leaving Kasarjian in charge of IID’s Energy Department, including his former ZGlobal colleagues. ", "In August 2016, Stills retired.", "\n\nKasarjian rejected the idea that his hiring may have given ZGlobal too much influence at IID. ", "He said he’d only worked for ZGlobal for five or six months, before which he’d been employed by the Sacramento Municipal Utilities District for a decade.", "\n\n“The timing in my family life was such that I wanted to take on this opportunity” at IID, Kasarjian said in an interview.", "\n\nTwo of the five ousted employees are now suing IID: Tom King, the utility’s former deputy energy manger, and Paul Peschel, who managed the Energy Department’s planning and engineering team. ", "A third former employee, Patrick Harner — who started work as an IID engineer in October 2015 and was fired two months later — has also sued, with the same attorney as King and Peschel.", "\n\nAll three men allege — among other charges, including age discrimination — that IID unfairly retaliated against them for raising concerns about ZGlobal’s growing role at the utility.", "\n\nPeschel’s lawsuit says he brought his concerns to IID and was put on paid administrative leave shortly afterward. ", "King’s lawsuit makes similar claims. ", "Harner’s lawsuit says he was fired after complaining to his supervisors that the ZGlobal contractors hired to replace the five ousted employees were “younger, cheaper, did not require employment benefits as contractors, and lacked the knowledge and proper certification to be doing the jobs for which IID hired them.”", "\n\nKing was eventually fired. ", "Peschel retired from IID and is now general manager of the Kings River Conservation District in California’s San Joaquin Valley. ", "The attorney representing King, Peschel and Harner didn’t respond to phone calls seeking comment.", "\n\nKelley declined to comment on the lawsuits. ", "But in legal filings in Riverside and Imperial counties, IID has denied many of the former employees’ claims, arguing that they haven’t provided evidence of age discrimination or other illegal activity by IID, that five of the eight ZGlobal consultants who ultimately replaced them are older than 40, and that the utility had good reason to put them on paid leave. ", "IID also says Harner was fired during a one-year probationary period, during which he could be fired without cause.", "\n\nThe three lawsuits also claim, in similar language, that the public “has suffered a significant increase in its utility costs through IID because of IID’s improper relationship with Z-Global.” ", "IID has not specifically addressed that claim in its legal filings.", "\n\nThe staffing changes sparked a backlash.", "\n\nAt a meeting of IID’s Energy Consumers Advisory Committee, Mark Weber — a citizen representative of La Quinta, a city in the eastern Coachella Valley — said the loss of so many longtime employees could destabilize the Energy Department. ", "Weber criticized IID for not giving the committee a full explanation, especially since it’s the only place where Coachella Valley residents are represented at the utility. ", "Most of IID’s energy sales come in the Coachella Valley, but only Imperial County residents in IID’s water service territory can vote for members of the board of directors.", "\n\n“When you have a number of employees that are worried about their jobs, when you have five senior execs in the electric division being essentially terminated without being notified why — and it drags on for several months, and it appears that there’s a plan in place — then it’s of concern to the ratepayers in this area,” Weber said at a January 2016 committee meeting.", "\n\nIn response to the public outcry, Ross Simmons, IID’s general counsel at the time, released a memo explaining why the five engineers were put on leave. ", "In the April 2016 document, Simmons said the decision was made “based on the general manager’s and my view that the IID’s Transmission Planning Unit’s dysfunction was pervasive and exigent, and the Energy Department management had not taken corrective action.”", "\n\nThat view was based in part on information provided to IID management by ZGlobal — meaning ZGlobal’s analysis of IID employees contributed to IID’s decision to get rid of those employees, and ultimately to give ZGlobal a $9.1-million contract to replace them.", "\n\nIn a legal filing responding to Harner’s lawsuit, IID said it hired ZGlobal in late 2014 to determine the cause of a dispute with the California Independent System Operator. ", "IID management feared that if the dispute was not resolved, the utility’s autonomy would be threatened, potentially leading to electricity rate increases in the Imperial Valley.", "\n\nIn December 2014, IID said in the legal filing, ZGlobal identified serious data errors by the five senior engineers, “including reliance on outdated, inaccurate information in violation of” regional guidelines. ", "ZGlobal concluded that the engineers were “wholly incompetent, allowing improper studies to threaten IID’s (autonomy).” ", "That conclusion, along with a later assessment by a different consultant, informed Kelley’s decision to put the senior engineers on paid administrative leave, IID said.", "\n\nZGlobal also played a role in IID’s decision to fire Harner.", "\n\nHarner started working at IID in October 2015, a few days before the utility replaced the senior engineers with ZGlobal. ", "But his tenure was brief. ", "In a legal filing responding to Harner’s lawsuit, IID says Montaño — one of the ZGlobal consultants brought in on the three-year contract — assessed the Energy Department’s staff and was “surprised by (Harner’s) lack of experience” in the type of work he’d been hired to do a few months earlier, which involved working with the California Independent System Operator.", "\n\nMontaño shared his assessment of Harner’s qualifications with Kasarjian, the utility’s new co-energy manager and a former ZGlobal employee, according to IID’s legal filing. ", "Kasarjian made the decision to fire Harner, IID said in the filing.", "\n\nIn a recent interview, Simmons said it was “not inappropriate” for IID to replace the five senior engineers with ZGlobal, even after the consultant’s input had contributed to their ouster.", "\n\n“Under all the circumstances that we were facing at that time, I’m very comfortable with the decision that was made, the premise on which it was made, and then hiring ZGlobal in that context,” Simmons said.", "\n\nKelley said ZGlobal’s three-year, $9.1-million contract was “never intended to last longer” than its October 2018 expiration date, and that the consultant is training IID employees to run the utility’s transmission planning unit when the contract ends.", "\n\n“If I had it to do over again, I’d do it the same way,” Kelley said.", "\n\nAt the March 2017 board of directors meeting where Oswalt, IID’s general counsel, introduced the utility’s new conflict-of-interest policy, he also said members of the public had raised concerns about what they contended were two potential conflicts connected to ZGlobal.", "\n\nOne of the potential conflicts, Oswalt said, involved IID’s plan to expand its battery storage facility, which ZGlobal helped build as a subcontractor for Coachella Energy Storage Partners, or CESP. ", "CESP had proposed a $5.3-million expansion, and ZGlobal’s Montaño — in his capacity as an IID consultant — had discussed the merits of that proposal at a January 2017 meeting of IID’s board of directors. ", "In response to a board member’s question about how the battery expansion would be paid for, Montaño said IID’s investment would be paid off within five or six years.", "\n\nTwo months later, Oswalt told the board that IID should put the battery expansion out to bid rather than negotiating a contract with CESP, due to ZGlobal’s work on the original battery.", "\n\nAfter a public bidding process, CESP’s expansion proposal was chosen as the winner. ", "An IID spokesperson said it was the lowest-cost bid.", "\n\nAlaywan and Montaño declined to answer emailed questions about the battery expansion.", "\n\nREAD MORE:For a $35-million battery, IID turned to a former board member — after rejecting 3 cheaper offers\n\nSUPPORT OUR WORK: Want to support investigative journalism like this? ", "Subscribe to The Desert Sun at DesertSun.com/subscribe.", "\n\nThe other potential conflict mentioned by Oswalt in March involved IID’s plan for a community solar program, in which homes that can’t afford rooftop solar are given the opportunity to buy electricity generated by a local solar farm. ", "IID had started negotiating a contract with Regenerate Power, which would build the community solar plant.", "\n\nBut there was a problem, Oswalt said: IID had asked Alaywan for his input on the contract negotiations, and Alaywan owned the property, known as Allegretti Ranch, where Regenerate wanted to build its solar project. ", "Once that was discovered, Oswalt said, Alaywan agreed to sell the ranch to avoid a potential conflict. ", "And to be safe, IID would solicit competitive bids for a community solar farm, rather than keep negotiating with Regenerate.", "\n\nAlaywan’s ownership of the ranch wasn’t ZGlobal’s only connection to Regenerate’s planned community solar farm. ", "A state business filing from October 2016 shows that Melissa Vaa, a longtime ZGlobal employee, was the registered agent for the Regenerate subsidiary that was supposed to build the solar plant.", "\n\nAlaywan said he didn’t do anything wrong when he advised IID on the Regenerate negotiations. ", "He said he would have been better off financially had he advised IID not to sign a contract with Regenerate, since then the developer wouldn’t have exercised its fixed-price option to buy the land from him — and he would’ve been able to sell it to someone else for a higher price.", "\n\nIn May, Oswalt told the board of directors that about 10 companies had submitted bids to build a community solar farm for IID. ", "Oswalt said Regenerate Power had made the strongest offer. ", "He asked the board for authorization to negotiate a power purchase contract for Regenerate’s planned 60-megawatt solar project at Allegretti Ranch, which Alaywan says he no longer owns.", "\n\nBoard members gave their blessing. ", "Two months later, they approved a 20-year power purchase contract with Titan Solar 1, LLC, the Regenerate subsidiary that will build the solar farm. ", "IID will pay $2.5 million annually for the electricity the facility generates.", "\n\nTitan Solar 1’s most recent state business filing is still the October 2016 document that lists a ZGlobal employee as the company’s registered agent.", "\n\nSammy Roth writes about energy and the environment for The Desert Sun. ", "He can be reached at sammy.roth@desertsun.com, (760) 778-4622 and @Sammy_Roth." ]

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[ "William P. MacKinnon\n\nWilliam P. MacKinnon, an American independent historian. ", "A management consultant, MacKinnon is a historian of the American West, Mormon history, and Utah history who was described by Richard E. Turley in 2018 as \"the acknowledged expert\" and by Thomas G. Alexander in 2019 as \"the most knowledgable authority\" on what was known in its time as the American War of the Mormons' Succession (or more recently \"the Utah War\"), a topic of which MacKinnon began his study as a Yale sophomore history major in 1958. ", "In 2018, MacKinnon presented the 35th Juanita Brooks Lecture at Dixie State University: \"Across the Desert in 1858: Thomas L. Kane’s Mediating Mission and the Mormon Women who Made it Possible.\" , ", "MacKinnon lived in Santa Barbara with his wife, Patricia.", "\n\nPublications \nMacKinnon has published over thirty journal articles on the history of the American West. ", "In 2010, he contributed an article to Mormonism: A Historical Encyclopedia.", "\n (2009) \"Full of Courage: Thomas L. Kane, the Utah War, and BYU's Kane Collection as Lodestone', BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. ", "48 : Iss. ", "4, Article 6.", "\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links \n \"Author takes on 'Utah War'\" – Lee Davidson, Deseret News\n \n\nCategory:American military historians\nCategory:American male non-fiction writers\nCategory:Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement\nCategory:Historians of Utah\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:1939 births\nCategory:Yale University alumni\nCategory:Harvard Business School alumni" ]

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[ "Tag: celeb\n\nHave you ever stopped to consider the number of celebrities, stars, entertainers, artists, and writers who have reported mental health issues? ", "And, in thinking on the topic, have you ever stopped to consider how this trend...\n\nAccording to headlines Zac Efron is ‘healthy and happy’ five months after checking into rehab. ", "TMZ reports that he did not go into rehab for alcohol abuse, rather an addiction to cocaine. ", "Rumors are circulating that Zac...\n\nIt’s difficult for the average person living a relatively private life to imagine the pressure of constant public scrutiny that most celebrities live with on a daily basis. ", "However, most people also understand that these...\n\nThe Kardashians aren’t strangers to headlines and media coverage. ", "From Kim’s sex tape with Ray J to Kourtney’s son Mason not being Scott’s biological son to the media’s blatant insensitivity by continually...\n\nEveryone is aware of the problems that many celebrities have with addiction, but what about the average person that becomes obsessed or addicted to a famous individual? ", "Is this a true addiction or is it a simply a way for...\n\nAccording to People Magazine, “Since leaving rehab July 30th, Lindsay Lohan has taped appearances on Oprah’s Next Chapter and Chelsea Lately, and seems to be doing well – reportedly with help from a sober coach.”...", "\n\nBy Sherry Gaba, LCSW and Whitney Ashton Amanda Bynes parents, Lynne and Richard Bynes, have filed to gain conservatorship over their daughter. ", "According to court records, her parents are fear that she may cause harm to herself..." ]

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[ "Q:\n\njQuery Mobile: call JavaScript Function ReferenceError: Can't Find Variable\n\nMy code will work if use this:\nfor(i=0; i<listUsers.length; i++){\n if(listUsers[i] !", "= usr){\n $( \"#listHisUser\" ).append('<li><a href=\"#hist_cont\" onclick=\"getChatContent()\">'+listUsers[i]+'</a></li>').listview('refresh');\n }\n}\n\nfunction getChatContent(){\n alert(\"data\");\n}\n\nbut if I change it to this:\nfor(i=0; i<listUsers.length; i++){\n if(listUsers[i] !", "= usr){\n $( \"#listHisUser\" ).append('<li><a href=\"#hist_cont\" onclick=\"getChatContent('+listUsers[i]+')\">'+listUsers[i]+'</a></li>').listview('refresh');\n }\n}\n\nfunction getChatContent(data){\n alert(data);\n alert(\"data\");\n}\n\nIt gets error: ReferenceError: Can't find variable: tqminh at file:///android_asset/www/index.html#hist:1 where tqminh is a listview item which I clicked.", "\n<!-- ", "History -->\n<div data-role=\"page\" id=\"hist\" data-title=\"HISTORY\">\n <div id=\"a\" data-role=\"header\" data-theme=\"b\">\n <h1 style=\"text-align: left;font-size: 20px\">History Chat</h1>\n </div> \n <div data-role=\"content\" data-inset=\"true\">\n <ul data-role=\"listview\" data-theme=\"c\">\n <li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"getChatContent('tqminh')\">tqminh</a></li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n</div>\n\nA:\n\nYour function parameter is not rendered as string. ", "try to replace\n<a href=\"#hist_cont\" onclick=\"getChatContent('+listUsers[i]+')\">'+listUsers[i]+'</a>\n\nwith\n<a href=\"#hist_cont\" onclick=\"getChatContent(\\''+listUsers[i]+'\\')\">'+listUsers[i]+'</a>\n\n" ]

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[ "The invention relates to an apparatus for supplying power to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle or motorcycle. ", "The apparatus has a plurality of electrochemical storage cells and/or double-layer capacitors.", "\nKnown electrochemical storage cells are cooled from the exterior, i.e., their jackets are cooled. ", "This is complicated, and sufficient cooling cannot always be reliably ensured. ", "As a result, defects suddenly occur, which are not economically compatible with the service life requirements in automobiles.", "\nThe object of the invention is to provide a reliable apparatus for supplying power, in particular for the intermittent electric motor drive of a motor vehicle (hybrid vehicle).", "\nThis object is achieved by an apparatus for supplying power to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle or motorcycle, the apparatus having a plurality of electrochemical storage cells and/or double-layer capacitors. ", "At least one of the electrodes respectively situated in the storage cells and/or double-layer capacitors is made of metal or is provided with a metal layer essentially over its entire surface. ", "The metal electrode or the metal layer, in particular a metal foil, is connected in an electrically conductive manner via a connecting element to a terminal provided outside the storage cell or outside the double-layer capacitor. ", "A thermally conductive cooling plate is in thermal contact with essentially each of the terminals of the storage cells or double-layer capacitors. ", "The cooling plate dissipates the thermal energy, which is supplied by the metal electrodes or the metal layers on the electrodes, to the terminal via the connecting element. ", "Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described herein.", "\nThe invention provides for the refinement of a known apparatus for supplying power to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle or motorcycle, the apparatus having a plurality of electrochemical storage cells and/or double-layer capacitors, wherein at least one of the electrodes respectively situated in the storage cells is made of metal or is provided with a metal layer essentially over its entire surface. ", "The metal electrode or the metal layer, in particular a metal foil, is connected in an electrically conductive manner via a connecting element to a terminal provided outside the storage cell or outside the double-layer capacitor.", "\nAccording to the invention, a thermally conductive cooling plate, which is in thermal contact with a plurality of the terminals of the storage cells or the double-layer capacitors, dissipates the thermal energy which is supplied by the metal electrodes or the metal layers on the electrodes to the terminal via the connecting element. ", "Instead of cooling at all the terminals, it is also possible, for example, to perform one-sided cooling of the storage cells at the terminals, on the affected side of the storage cells or double-layer capacitors, whereby the terminals on the opposite side remain uncooled if this is sufficient.", "\nIn this manner, the heat may advantageously be reliably dissipated directly at the site of origin, even for use in an automobile. ", "The design complexity is relatively low, and the apparatus according to the invention is characterized by a long service life.", "\nThe electrochemical storage cells are, preferably, lithium-ion batteries or barium titanate capacitors, which are characterized by high storage capacity and low volume.", "\nThe invention provides for the use of electrochemical storage cells, double-layer capacitors, or a combination thereof. ", "The storage cells or double-layer capacitors in each case have a circular, prismatic, rectangular or square, oval, or flattened oval cross section, or have a flat-cell design in the form of a “coffee bag.” ", "Depending on the requirements, modules may be produced from storage cells or double-layer capacitors which have a high packing density without cavities, or which have fairly large cavities between the storage cells or double-layer capacitors. ", "The modules may be, for example, actively cooled using a cooling medium which is passed through, or for passive cooling, cooled by means of thermal convection.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention, the cooling plate contains a thermally conductive material, in particular metal. ", "An electrically insulating, thermally conductive layer is provided between the cooling plate and the terminals. ", "In this manner, satisfactory cooling may be achieved without the risk of short circuits.", "\nIn one refinement of the invention, the thermally conductive layer is formed from one or more superposed heat-conducting foils composed in particular of polyimide or thin PTFE. ", "It is preferred to use one or more foils having an overall thickness of preferably 0.05 mm. ", "When two or more superposed heat-conducting foils are used, the possibility that even a locally limited material defect in any of the heat-conducting foils is located directly above the other material defect may be excluded with a high degree of certainty. ", "In this manner, electrical short circuits resulting from material defects, which can never be excluded, may be effectively prevented.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention, the first side of the heat-conducting foil is fixed to the terminals, preferably by gluing. ", "The second side has a slide coating, in particular a PVDF or PTFE coating. ", "On the one hand, the position of the heat-conducting foil is spatially fixed, and on the other hand the heat-conducting foil is able to slide over the thermal contact surface for the cooling plate, so that the heat-conducting foil is not damaged, even when there are vibrations or relative motions between the storage cell or double-layer capacitor and the cooling plate. ", "In this manner, the reliability of the apparatus according to the invention is further increased, and short circuits are effectively avoided.", "\nIn one refinement of the invention a heat-conducting foil, which is plastically or elastically deformable under pressure, is provided between the terminals of the storage cells and the cooling plate. ", "According to the invention, such a heat-conducting foil is preferably electrically insulating, and preferably compensates for production tolerances in the distance; i.e., the heat-conducting foil fills gaps. ", "In this manner good thermal contact is achieved, even for customary production tolerances and in the presence of vibrations. ", "Such a heat-conducting foil preferably contains ceramic, silicone, wax, or a mixture of various thermally conductive substrates, and may have multilayer coatings.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention the cooling plate is provided with a plurality of thermally conductive spring elements. ", "Each of the spring elements thermally contacts a terminal of the storage cells via the thermally conductive layer. ", "The heat at the cooling plate is dissipated via the spring elements. ", "This measure allows good thermal contact even for customary production tolerances, which result in variation of the distance between the storage cell and the cooling plate. ", "Interruption of the thermally conductive connection as the result of vibrations is likewise effectively prevented.", "\nIn one refinement of the invention, the cooling plate has cooling channels through or around which a heat-dissipating medium, in particular a refrigerant such as R 134a or carbon dioxide R 744, water, or air, flows. ", "In this manner, the heat dissipation may consistently and reliably be ensured to a sufficient degree, even during intermittent peak loads on the storage cell.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention multiple cooling plates are consecutively positioned at a distance from one another. ", "Multiple storage cells or double-layer capacitors are provided between the covers of every two adjacent cooling plates. ", "In this manner, a compact design is achieved.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention, the storage cells or double-layer capacitors between two adjacent cooling plates are provided in the form of multiple modules of storage cells connected in series, in each case the maximum contact voltage of the modules being less than 60 volts.", "\nIn one refinement of the invention a housing cover is provided. ", "The housing cover has electrical connectors which connect the modules between the two adjacent cooling plates in series when the modules are covered by the housing cover and which interrupt the series connection when the housing cover is removed.", "\nThe above measures prevent contact by a hazardous contact voltage without reducing the compactness of the apparatus according to the invention.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention, at least some of the lateral surfaces of the cooling plates are brought into essentially perpendicular contact with a first and a second cooling wall, which extends over multiple consecutively positioned storage cells or double-layer capacitors. ", "The storage cells or double-layer capacitors are situated between the first and the second cooling wall. ", "In this manner, the storage cells or double-layer capacitors are housed compactly with good mechanical protection.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention, the first or the second cooling wall is provided with cooling channels, which are connected to the cooling channels in the cooling plates. ", "In this manner, a high degree of heat dissipation is achieved with compact dimensions of the apparatus according to the invention.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention, the connecting elements for the storage cells or double-layer capacitors are electrically connected to one another via electrical connectors such that the storage cells or double-layer capacitors are connected in series. ", "The electrical connectors are preferably dimensioned so that they greatly increase the thermal contact surface with the thermally conductive layer in comparison to the connecting elements alone. ", "The connectors are preferably strips, cables, or flexible leads, which are welded or soldered to the connecting elements. ", "Heat dissipation may be improved considerably by use of these structural measures, which have a simple design and are economically implemented.", "\nIn one exemplary embodiment of the invention, printed circuit boards containing printed conductors are provided between the electrical connectors. ", "The printed conductors electrically contact the connecting elements of each storage cell, and tap the voltage present at each of the storage cells or double-layer capacitors, the current flow, or another characteristic parameter of the storage cell such as electric capacity or capacitance. ", "To increase the service life, the characteristic parameter or voltage is supplied to a control device, which balances or compensates for the energy content of the storage cells or double-layer capacitors relative to one another.", "\nIn one embodiment of the invention the storage cells or double-layer capacitors, the cooling plates, and optionally the cooling walls are enclosed by thermal insulation. ", "In one embodiment of the invention, one or more of the cooling plates and/or the cooling walls are provided with an air conditioner device, preferably electrically operated, which dissipates the thermal energy and preferably operates according to the evaporative or Peltier process.", "\nIn this manner, the apparatus according to the invention may be reliably cooled with little expenditure of effort, uninfluenced by the surrounding temperature at the specific location in the vehicle where the apparatus according to the invention is provided.", "\nThe invention is explained below with reference to drawings, which are not necessarily to scale. ", "Identical or functionally equivalent parts are designated by the same reference numerals.", "\nOther objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings." ]

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[ "Oleksandr Lysenko\n\nOleksandr Lysenko (; born on 16 February 1956 in Hrebinka) is a former Soviet football player and currently a Ukrainian football coach.", "\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Moskalenko, D. 30 best footballers in a history of Dnipro. ", "Dnipro city portal \"Vgorode\". ", "24 May 2011\n\nCategory:1956 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:People from Hrebinka\nCategory:Ukrainian football managers\nCategory:Ukrainian Premier League managers\nCategory:FC Dnipro managers\nCategory:FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih managers\nCategory:FC Metalurh Novomoskovsk managers\nCategory:FC Dnipro-3 Dnipropetrovsk managers\nCategory:FC Dnipro-2 Dnipropetrovsk managers\nCategory:FC Elektrometalurh Nikopol managers\nCategory:FC Metalist Kharkiv players\nCategory:FC Dnipro players\nCategory:Soviet Top League players\nCategory:Soviet footballers\nCategory:Association football midfielders" ]

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[ "Q:\n\nhow to take the content of a file as a String in Java?", "\n\nI am finding some difficulties to do the following operation in Java:\nI have to take the content of an xml file and print it\nI do something like this:\nSystem.out.println(\"settings.xml: \" + ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(\"/home/andrea/Documenti/dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/dir5/dir6/dir7/dir8/src/settings.xml\"));\n\nThe problem is that the result of this statment is:\nsettings.xml: null\n\nWhy? ", "What can I do to do it?", "\nTnx\nAndrea\n\nA:\n\nYou can use this function:\nprivate String getStringFromFile(File file)\n{\n BufferedReader br = null;\n StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();\n\n String line;\n try\n {\n br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file)));\n while ((line = br.readLine()) !", "= null)\n {\n sb.append(line);\n }\n\n } catch (IOException e)\n {\n e.printStackTrace();\n }\n finally\n {\n if (br !", "= null)\n {\n try\n {\n br.close();\n }\n catch (IOException e)\n {\n e.printStackTrace();\n }\n }\n }\n\n return sb.toString();\n}\n\n" ]

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