theojolliffe/welsh-trans-1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

source stringlengths 2 497	target stringlengths 2 430
Originally published by the Welsh Language Board	Cyhoeddwyd yn wreiddiol gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg
A living language:	Iaith fyw:
a language for living7	iaith byw7
But these figures need to be treated with caution.	Eto i gyd, dylid trin y ffigurau hyn yn ofalus.
It seems that over half of these young people are learning Welsh as a second language.	Ymddengys fod dros hanner o’r bobl ifanc hyn yn dysgu Cymraeg fel ail iaith.
As such their exposure to the language and their level of fluency is likely to be limited compared to children who receive Welsh-medium education.	O’r herwydd, mae’n debygol bod eu hymwneud â’r iaith, ynghyd â lefel eu rhuglder, yn gyfyngedig o’u cymharu â phlant sy’n derbyn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg.
Not unsurprisingly, fluency and use are intrinsically linked.	Nid yn annisgwyl, mae rhuglder a defnydd yn mynd law yn llaw.
According to the Language Use Surveys 2004–06 commissioned by the Welsh Language Board, a little over half (58 per cent) of those who said they speak Welsh count themselves as fluent.	Yn ôl Arolygon Defnydd Iaith 2004–06 a gomisiynwyd gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg, ychydig dros hanner (58 y cant) o’r rheini a ddywedodd eu bod yn siarad Cymraeg sy’n eu cyfrif eu hunain yn siaradwyr rhugl.
Of those who said they were fluent the vast majority (87 per cent) used the language on a daily basis.	O blith y rheini sy’n dweud eu bod yn siaradwyr rhugl, mae’r rhan fwyaf (87 y cant) yn defnyddio’r iaith yn feunyddiol.
The challenge we face is to provide the opportunities for all Welsh speakers, whatever their fluency level, to use the language in every sphere of life and to encourage them to do so.	Yr her a wynebwn yw creu cyfleoedd i bawb sy’n siarad Cymraeg, pa mor rhugl bynnag ydynt, ddefnyddio’r iaith ym mhob agwedd ar eu bywyd a’u hannog i wneud hynny.
We have undertaken broad estimates of the annual adjustment in the number of fluent Welsh speakers in Wales, and have concluded that between 1,200 and 2,200 fluent Welsh speakers are being lost each year.	Rydym wedi gwneud amcangyfrifon bras o’r newid blynyddol yn nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg rhugl yng Nghymru, gan gasglu bod rhwng 1,200 a 2,200 o siaradwyr Cymraeg rhugl yn cael eu colli bob blwyddyn ar hyn o bryd.
This results predominantly from the difference between the number of fluent Welsh speakers who migrate out of Wales and the number returning.	Mae hynny yn bennaf yn sgil y gwahaniaeth rhwng nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg rhugl sy’n allfudo o Gymru a’r nifer sy’n dychwelyd.
Welsh-speaking communities	Cymunedau Cymraeg eu hiaith
There is further cause for concern for the sustainability of the language in its traditional Welsh-speaking heartlands.	Mae cynaliadwyedd yr iaith yn ei broydd Cymraeg traddodiadol yn destun gofid.
Inward and outward migration has had a profound effect on these areas.	Mae mewnfudo ac allfudo wedi cael cryn effaith ar yr ardaloedd hyn.
Many Welsh-speaking young people have moved from their communities to seek work in urban areas and this is coupled with the inward migration of people unable to speak Welsh.	Mae llawer o bobl ifanc sy’n siarad Cymraeg wedi gadael eu cymunedau i geisio gwaith mewn ardaloedd trefol, ac mae pobl nad ydynt yn medru’r Gymraeg wedi mewnfudo i’r cymunedau hyn.
The geographical profile of Welsh in the 2001 Census confirmed this pattern, with a decrease in the percentage of those able to speak Welsh in traditional heartlands such as Anglesey, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire and Gwynedd.	Gwnaeth proffil daearyddol y Gymraeg yng Nghyfrifiad 2001 gadarnhau’r patrwm hwn, gan fod canran y siaradwyr Cymraeg wedi lleihau mewn broydd Cymraeg traddodiadol fel Ceredigion, Conwy, Gwynedd, Sir Ddinbych, Sir Gaerfyrddin ac Ynys Môn.
The number of communities where over 70 per cent of the population was able to speak Welsh dropped to 54 in the 2001 census, compared with 92 in 1991.	Bu gostyngiad yn nifer y cymunedau lle’r oedd dros 70 y cant o’r boblogaeth yn medru’r Gymraeg i 54 yng Nghyfrifiad 2001 o’i gymharu â 92 ym 1991.
It has long been argued that such a density of speakers is required in order for Welsh to be an everyday language of the community.	Dadleuwyd ers tro bod angen dwysedd o siaradwyr ar y lefel honno er mwyn i’r Gymraeg fod yn iaith feunyddiol o fewn y cymunedau hynny.
8A living language:	8Iaith fyw:
a language for living	iaith byw
This strategy attempts to address these significant challenges facing the Welsh language.	Mae’r strategaeth hon yn ceisio mynd i’r afael â’r heriau sylweddol hyn y mae’r Gymraeg yn eu hwynebu.
Source:	Ffynhonnell:
2001 Census, table CAS146.	Cyfrifiad 2001, tabl CAS146.
Crown copyright 2009	Hawlfraint y Goron 2009
Licence number C02W0002635.	Trwydded rhif C02W0002635.
Source:	Ffynhonnell:
2001 Census, table CAS146.	Cyfrifiad 2001, tabl CAS146.
Crown copyright 2009	Hawlfraint y Goron 2009
Licence number C02W0002635.	Trwydded rhif C02W0002635.
Number able to speak Welsh by Community 2001	Nifer sy’n gallu siarad Cymraeg fesul Cymuned 2001
Number able to speak Welsh by Community 2001	Nifer sy’n gallu siarad Cymraeg fesul Cymuned 2001
Number of Welsh speakers	Nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg
Number of Welsh speakers	Nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg
3,000	3,000
1,500	1,500
300	300
3,000	3,000
1,500	1,500
300	300
Local Authority Boundary	Ffin Awdurdod Lleol
Local Authority Boundary	Ffin Awdurdod Lleol
Originally published by the Welsh Language Board	Cyhoeddwyd yn wreiddiol gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg
The status of the Welsh language	Statws y Gymraeg
The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 confirmed the official status of the Welsh language in Wales and created a new legislative framework for the Welsh language.	Cadarnhaodd Mesur y Gymraeg (Cymru) 2011 statws swyddogol y Gymraeg yng Nghymru a chreodd fframwaith deddfwriaethol newydd ar gyfer y Gymraeg.
This followed over fifty years of language planning that has raised the status of the language.	Dilynodd hyn dros hanner can mlynedd o gynllunio ieithyddol sydd wedi codi statws yr iaith.
This included the Welsh Language Act 1993, the work of the Welsh Language Board and its partners, the growth of Welsh-medium education, and the establishment of S4C, BBC Radio Cymru and the Welsh Books Council.	Mae’r datblygiadau hyn yn cynnwys Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993, gwaith Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg a’i bartneriaid, twf mewn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg, a sefydlu S4C, BBC Radio Cymru a Chyngor Llyfrau Cymru.
A living language:	Iaith fyw:
a language for living9	iaith byw9
In recent years, a strong political consensus has developed in relation to the need to safeguard and promote the Welsh language for the future.	Dros y blynyddoedd diwethaf mae consensws gwleidyddol cadarn wedi datblygu ynghylch yr angen i ddiogelu a hybu’r Gymraeg i’r dyfodol.
This has intensified since the creation of the National Assembly for Wales, and cross-party support was given to the Welsh Assembly Government’s first strategic framework for the promotion of the Welsh language, Iaith Pawb:	Mae’r angen hwn wedi dwysáu ers sefydlu Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru. Cafwyd cefnogaeth drawsbleidiol i fframwaith strategol cyntaf Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru ar gyfer hybu’r Gymraeg sef Iaith Pawb:
A National Action Plan for a Bilingual Wales, which was published in 2003.	Cynllun Gweithredu Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Cymru Ddwyieithog a gyhoeddwyd yn 2003.
In addition, opinion polls suggest that support for the Welsh language exists among the majority of the Welsh public, be they Welsh speakers, learners or non-Welsh speakers.	Yn ogystal, mae arolygon barn yn awgrymu bod trwch poblogaeth Cymru yn gefnogol i’r Gymraeg, boed yn siaradwyr Cymraeg, yn ddysgwyr neu yn ddi-Gymraeg.
For example, in a survey commissioned by the Welsh Language Board in 2008, over 80 per cent of respondents saw the language as ‘something to be proud of’ and almost 75 per cent saw the language as ‘something belonging to everyone in Wales’.	Er enghraifft, mewn arolwg a gomisiynwyd gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg yn 2008, dywedodd dros 80 y cant o’r rheini a ymatebodd eu bod yn ystyried yr iaith yn ‘rhywbeth i fod yn falch ohono’ a dywedodd bron i 75 y cant eu bod yn ystyried yr iaith yn ‘rhywbeth sy’n perthyn i bawb yng Nghymru’.
The growth in Welsh-medium education over the past twenty years is testament to the support that exists for the language.	Mae’r twf mewn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg dros yr ugain mlynedd diwethaf yn tystio i’r gefnogaeth sy’n bodoli tuag at yr iaith.
The response to the consultation on this strategy also shows there is wide-ranging support for the need to take concerted action to promote the use of Welsh and that various organisations and individuals remain very committed to continuing that work.	Roedd yr ymateb i’r ymgynghoriad ar y strategaeth hon hefyd yn dangos bod cefnogaeth eang i’r angen i weithredu mewn modd bwriadus er mwyn hybu’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg. Dangosodd hefyd fod sefydliadau ac unigolion amrywiol yn ymrwymedig iawn o hyd i barhau â’r gwaith hwnnw.10Iaith fyw:
Our aim as the Welsh Government is to build on the existing consensus by taking increased responsibility for the promotion and facilitation of the use of Welsh.	Ein nod fel Llywodraeth Cymru yw manteisio ar y consensws sy’n bodoli a’i ddatblygu, gan dderbyn mwy o gyfrifoldeb am hybu a hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.
Looking back:	Edrych yn ôl:
the impact of past activities	effaith gweithgareddau’r gorffennol
Looking back:	Edrych yn ôl:
the impact of past activities	effaith gweithgareddau’r gorffennol
Since its establishment as a statutory body under the Welsh Language Act 1993, the Welsh Language Board has held two roles.	Ers ei sefydlu fel corff statudol o dan Ddeddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993, bu gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg ddwy rôl.
The Board has simultaneously operated as a regulator, agreeing and monitoring public bodies’ Welsh language schemes, and as a language champion, promoting and facilitating the use of Welsh more broadly.	Mae’r Bwrdd wedi gweithio fel corff rheoleiddio, gan gymeradwyo a monitro cynlluniau iaith Gymraeg cyrff cyhoeddus, ac fel hyrwyddwr iaith, gan hybu a hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg yn fwy eang.
The Board developed a good reputation in Wales and beyond through its innovative work in the area of language planning, and it has provided guidance on an international level in minority language development.	Datblygodd y Bwrdd enw da yng Nghymru a thu hwnt o safbwynt ei waith arloesol yn y maes cynllunio ieithyddol, ac mae wedi rhoi arweiniad ar lefel ryngwladol mewn perthynas â datblygu ieithoedd lleiafrifol.
When Iaith Pawb was published in 2003 the Board received additional investment from the Welsh Assembly Government to increase its capacity to implement projects at a grass-roots level.	Pan gyhoeddwyd Iaith Pawb yn 2003 derbyniodd y Bwrdd fuddsoddiad ychwanegol gan Lywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru er mwyn gallu gweithredu rhagor o brosiectau ar lawr gwlad.
The Board developed partnerships with a number of bodies across Wales such as the mentrau iaith, Urdd Gobaith Cymru, the National Eisteddfod, Young Farmers’ Clubs, Merched y Wawr, Mudiad Meithrin and other bodies operating to promote the Welsh language.	Datblygodd y Bwrdd bartneriaethau gyda nifer o gyrff ar draws Cymru fel y mentrau iaith, Urdd Gobaith Cymru, yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, y Clybiau Ffermwyr Ifanc, Merched y Wawr, y Mudiad Meithrin a chyrff eraill sy’n gweithredu er lles y Gymraeg.
In addition, the Board developed the innovative Twf project to encourage parents/carers to speak Welsh with their children.	Yn ogystal, datblygodd y Bwrdd brosiect arloesol Twf er mwyn annog rhieni/gofalwyr i siarad Cymraeg â’u plant.
The investment, coupled with the work undertaken by the Board and its partners, has led to the provision of a broader range of Welsh-language activities at a community and national level.	Yn ddi-os mae’r buddsoddiad a’r gwaith a wnaed gan y Bwrdd a’i bartneriaid wedi arwain at ddarparu llawer iawn mwy o weithgareddau Cymraeg amrywiol ar lefel gymunedol a chenedlaethol.
In addition, the Board has approved, under the Welsh Language Act, over 550 Welsh language schemes with bodies from different sectors, and has worked with the private and third sectors to increase their use of Welsh.	Yn ogystal, mae’r Bwrdd wedi cymeradwyo, o dan Ddeddf yr Iaith Gymraeg, dros 550 o gynlluniau iaith Gymraeg gyda chyrff o wahanol sectorau, ac wedi gweithio gyda’r sector preifat a’r trydydd sector i gynyddu eu defnydd o’r Gymraeg.
That has led to ensuring that more Welsh-language services are available to the public.	Mae hyn oll wedi llwyddo i sicrhau y gall pobl Cymru fanteisio ar ragor o wasanaethau Cymraeg.
In preparing this strategy, we have considered what evidence exists to measure the effectiveness of the activities undertaken by the Welsh Government, the Board and its partners over the years, in terms of increasing the use of Welsh.	Wrth baratoi’r strategaeth hon, rydym wedi ystyried pa dystiolaeth sy’n bodoli i fesur effeithiolrwydd gweithgareddau Llywodraeth Cymru, y Bwrdd a’i bartneriaid dros y blynyddoedd o safbwynt cynyddu’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.
We have also looked at activities beyond Wales, in the context of other minority languages.	Rydym hefyd wedi edrych ar weithgareddau y tu hwnt i Gymru yng nghyd-destun ieithoedd lleiafrifol eraill.
For the most part, the work undertaken for our evidence review, published alongside this strategy, suggested that there was a significant deficit in the empirical evidence in relation to the impact of individual programmes on increasing the use of Welsh.	Yn gyffredinol, awgrymodd y gwaith a gyflawnwyd ar gyfer ein hadolygiad o’r dystiolaeth, a gyhoeddwyd ar y cyd â’r strategaeth hon, fod diffyg arwyddocaol yn y dystiolaeth empirig ynglˆyn ag effaith rhaglenni unigol ar gynyddu’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.
This makes it difficult to form an objective assessment of how effectively these have worked, either alone or together, and to evaluate appropriately the likely success of activity of this nature in the future.	Mae hyn yn ei gwneud hi’n anodd i asesu’n wrthrychol pa mor effeithiol y mae’r rhaglenni hyn wedi gweithio, naill ai ar eu pennau eu hunain neu gyda’i gilydd, ac i werthuso’n briodol lwyddiant tebygol rhaglenni o’r fath yn y dyfodol.
We need, therefore, to develop a sound evaluation framework to sit alongside this strategy.	Mae angen i ni felly ddatblygu fframwaith gwerthuso cadarn a fydd yn ategu’r strategaeth hon.
This is discussed in the next section (see pages 14–24).	Trafodir hyn ymhellach yn yr adran nesaf (gweler tudalennau 14–24).
A living language:	Iaith fyw:
a language for living11	iaith byw11
However, the evidence that exists suggests the following.	Fodd bynnag, mae’r dystiolaeth sydd yn bodoli yn awgrymu’r canlynol.
Continual exposure through the lifespan to any language may be necessary for the individual to maintain that language.	Mae’n bosib bod angen cael cyswllt parhaus, gydol bywyd, ag unrhyw iaith fel y gall unigolyn gynnal yr iaith honno.
The population most at risk of abandoning the Welsh language is families with only one Welsh-speaking parent/carer and that the perceived status of the language in the community affects parents’/carers’ attitudes towards using the language.	Y boblogaeth sydd fwyaf tebygol o gefnu ar y Gymraeg yw teuluoedd lle nad yw ond un rhiant/gofalwr yn siarad Cymraeg. Credir hefyd fod amgyffrediad y gymuned o statws yr iaith yn effeithio ar agweddau rhieni/gofalwyr tuag at ddefnyddio’r iaith.
The language of a child’s ‘community’ of speakers which includes parents/carers, grandparents, siblings, teachers and school, influences the language spoken by the child.	Mae iaith ‘cymuned’ siaradwyr plentyn, sy’n cynnwys rhieni/gofalwyr, neiniau a theidiau, brodyr a chwiorydd, athrawon a’r ysgol, yn dylanwadu ar yr iaith a siaredir gan y plentyn.
The language of interaction with friends correlates highly with the language the child speaks, and is influential in children’s attitudes towards either or both languages.	Mae iaith rhyngweithio â ffrindiau yn cydberthyn yn glos â’r iaith y mae’r plentyn yn ei siarad, ac mae’n dylanwadu ar agweddau plant tuag at y naill iaith neu’r llall neu at y ddwy.
Initiatives such as Twf have been successful in bringing bilingualism into the mainstream work of midwives and health visitors.	Mae cynlluniau megis Twf wedi llwyddo i ddod â dwyieithrwydd i waith prif ffrwd bydwragedd ac ymwelwyr iechyd.
It has also helped raise awareness of the advantages of bilingualism.	Mae hefyd wedi helpu i godi ymwybyddiaeth ynglˆyn â manteision dwyieithrwydd.
The literature suggests that there could be an enhanced role for Early Years providers in providing parents/carers with more practical and intensive support to create a stimulating home learning environment which promotes and facilitates the use of Welsh.	Awgryma’r llenyddiaeth y gallai darparwyr y Blynyddoedd Cynnar chwarae rôl fwy drwy gynnig rhagor o gymorth ymarferol a chymorth dwys i rieni/gofalwyr, gan greu amgylchedd dysgu ysgogol yn y cartref sy’n hybu ac yn hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.
Early and teenage years are seen as a crucial period in developing a positive behaviour towards a minority language and in determining whether the language is maintained and transferred.	Ystyrir bod y blynyddoedd cynnar a blynyddoedd yr arddegau yn gyfnod hollbwysig o ran datblygu ymddygiad ffafriol tuag at iaith leiafrifol ac o ran pennu a yw’r iaith yn cael ei chynnal a’i throsglwyddo.
However, learning and speaking Welsh at school is not enough on its own;	Serch hynny, nid yw dysgu a siarad Cymraeg yn yr ysgol yn ddigon;
the language needs to be used and supported in the home (if possible) and through wider social and cultural activities.	mae angen i’r iaith gael ei defnyddio a’i chefnogi yn y cartref (os oes modd) a thrwy weithgareddau cymdeithasol a diwylliannol ehangach.
12A living language:	12Iaith fyw:
a language for living	iaith byw
Lack of confidence was found to be one of the main obstacles preventing staff from using their Welsh language skills at work.	Canfuwyd bod diffyg hyder yn un o’r prif rwystrau a oedd yn atal staff rhag defnyddio eu sgiliau Cymraeg wrth eu gwaith.
Language-awareness training appears to be a successful means of increasing positive attitudes towards Welsh among staff.	Ymddengys i hyfforddiant ynglˆyn ag ymwybyddiaeth ieithyddol fod yn gyfrwng llwyddiannus i gynyddu agweddau positif tuag at y Gymraeg ymhlith staff.
There is little explicit evidence that the provision of services in minority languages increases language status or use.	Ychydig o dystiolaeth benodol sydd yna fod darparu gwasanaethau mewn ieithoedd lleiafrifol yn cynyddu defnydd o iaith neu ei statws.
However there is a body of evidence that shows that languages will thrive only if there are opportunities for use in all spheres of life.	Fodd bynnag, ceir corff o dystiolaeth sy’n dangos na fydd ieithoedd ond yn ffynnu os ceir cyfleoedd i’w defnyddio ym mhob agwedd ar fywyd.
Support by the population in Wales for Welsh-language service provision is well evidenced.	Ceir tystiolaeth helaeth fod pobl Cymru’n cefnogi gwasanaethau a ddarperir yn y Gymraeg.
Over nine out of ten Welsh speakers (with a range of fluency levels) take the view that Welsh-language service provision is important to keep the language alive.	Mae dros naw o bob deg siaradwr Cymraeg (gydag amrywiol lefelau o ruglder) o’r farn bod darparu gwasanaethau yn yr iaith Gymraeg yn bwysig er mwyn cadw’r iaith yn fyw.
Since the Welsh Language Act, evidence shows that barriers to accessing services in Welsh remain.	Ers Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg, dengys tystiolaeth fod rhwystrau i’w cael o hyd o ran manteisio ar wasanaethau yn y Gymraeg.
Main barriers include a lack of supply of services in Welsh, a lack of demand for services due to lack of confidence among non-fluent Welsh speakers and a lack of awareness that services are provided in Welsh.	Mae’r prif rwystrau’n cynnwys diffyg cyflenwad o wasanaethau yn y Gymraeg, diffyg galw am wasanaethau oherwydd diffyg hyder ymhlith siaradwyr nad ydynt yn rhugl yn y Gymraeg a diffyg ymwybyddiaeth fod gwasanaethau’n cael eu darparu yn y Gymraeg.
Evidence on the effectiveness of specific ways of addressing these barriers is lacking, although there is some evidence to suggest that marketing of the availability of Welsh-language services can lead to increased uptake.	Prin yw’r dystiolaeth ynglˆyn ag effeithiolrwydd gwahanol ffyrdd o fynd i’r afael â’r rhwystrau hyn, ond ceir peth tystiolaeth sy’n awgrymu y gall marchnata’r gwasanaethau Cymraeg sydd ar gael gynyddu’r nifer sy’n eu defnyddio.

Originally published by the Welsh Language Board

Cyhoeddwyd yn wreiddiol gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg

A living language:

Iaith fyw:

a language for living7

iaith byw7

But these figures need to be treated with caution.

Eto i gyd, dylid trin y ffigurau hyn yn ofalus.

It seems that over half of these young people are learning Welsh as a second language.

Ymddengys fod dros hanner o’r bobl ifanc hyn yn dysgu Cymraeg fel ail iaith.

As such their exposure to the language and their level of fluency is likely to be limited compared to children who receive Welsh-medium education.

O’r herwydd, mae’n debygol bod eu hymwneud â’r iaith, ynghyd â lefel eu rhuglder, yn gyfyngedig o’u cymharu â phlant sy’n derbyn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg.

Not unsurprisingly, fluency and use are intrinsically linked.

Nid yn annisgwyl, mae rhuglder a defnydd yn mynd law yn llaw.

According to the Language Use Surveys 2004–06 commissioned by the Welsh Language Board, a little over half (58 per cent) of those who said they speak Welsh count themselves as fluent.

Yn ôl Arolygon Defnydd Iaith 2004–06 a gomisiynwyd gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg, ychydig dros hanner (58 y cant) o’r rheini a ddywedodd eu bod yn siarad Cymraeg sy’n eu cyfrif eu hunain yn siaradwyr rhugl.

Of those who said they were fluent the vast majority (87 per cent) used the language on a daily basis.

O blith y rheini sy’n dweud eu bod yn siaradwyr rhugl, mae’r rhan fwyaf (87 y cant) yn defnyddio’r iaith yn feunyddiol.

The challenge we face is to provide the opportunities for all Welsh speakers, whatever their fluency level, to use the language in every sphere of life and to encourage them to do so.

Yr her a wynebwn yw creu cyfleoedd i bawb sy’n siarad Cymraeg, pa mor rhugl bynnag ydynt, ddefnyddio’r iaith ym mhob agwedd ar eu bywyd a’u hannog i wneud hynny.

We have undertaken broad estimates of the annual adjustment in the number of fluent Welsh speakers in Wales, and have concluded that between 1,200 and 2,200 fluent Welsh speakers are being lost each year.

Rydym wedi gwneud amcangyfrifon bras o’r newid blynyddol yn nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg rhugl yng Nghymru, gan gasglu bod rhwng 1,200 a 2,200 o siaradwyr Cymraeg rhugl yn cael eu colli bob blwyddyn ar hyn o bryd.

This results predominantly from the difference between the number of fluent Welsh speakers who migrate out of Wales and the number returning.

Mae hynny yn bennaf yn sgil y gwahaniaeth rhwng nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg rhugl sy’n allfudo o Gymru a’r nifer sy’n dychwelyd.

Welsh-speaking communities

Cymunedau Cymraeg eu hiaith

There is further cause for concern for the sustainability of the language in its traditional Welsh-speaking heartlands.

Mae cynaliadwyedd yr iaith yn ei broydd Cymraeg traddodiadol yn destun gofid.

Inward and outward migration has had a profound effect on these areas.

Mae mewnfudo ac allfudo wedi cael cryn effaith ar yr ardaloedd hyn.

Many Welsh-speaking young people have moved from their communities to seek work in urban areas and this is coupled with the inward migration of people unable to speak Welsh.

Mae llawer o bobl ifanc sy’n siarad Cymraeg wedi gadael eu cymunedau i geisio gwaith mewn ardaloedd trefol, ac mae pobl nad ydynt yn medru’r Gymraeg wedi mewnfudo i’r cymunedau hyn.

The geographical profile of Welsh in the 2001 Census confirmed this pattern, with a decrease in the percentage of those able to speak Welsh in traditional heartlands such as Anglesey, Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Conwy, Denbighshire and Gwynedd.

Gwnaeth proffil daearyddol y Gymraeg yng Nghyfrifiad 2001 gadarnhau’r patrwm hwn, gan fod canran y siaradwyr Cymraeg wedi lleihau mewn broydd Cymraeg traddodiadol fel Ceredigion, Conwy, Gwynedd, Sir Ddinbych, Sir Gaerfyrddin ac Ynys Môn.

The number of communities where over 70 per cent of the population was able to speak Welsh dropped to 54 in the 2001 census, compared with 92 in 1991.

Bu gostyngiad yn nifer y cymunedau lle’r oedd dros 70 y cant o’r boblogaeth yn medru’r Gymraeg i 54 yng Nghyfrifiad 2001 o’i gymharu â 92 ym 1991.

It has long been argued that such a density of speakers is required in order for Welsh to be an everyday language of the community.

Dadleuwyd ers tro bod angen dwysedd o siaradwyr ar y lefel honno er mwyn i’r Gymraeg fod yn iaith feunyddiol o fewn y cymunedau hynny.

8A living language:

8Iaith fyw:

a language for living

iaith byw

This strategy attempts to address these significant challenges facing the Welsh language.

Mae’r strategaeth hon yn ceisio mynd i’r afael â’r heriau sylweddol hyn y mae’r Gymraeg yn eu hwynebu.

Source:

Ffynhonnell:

2001 Census, table CAS146.

Cyfrifiad 2001, tabl CAS146.

Hawlfraint y Goron 2009

Licence number C02W0002635.

Trwydded rhif C02W0002635.

Source:

Ffynhonnell:

2001 Census, table CAS146.

Cyfrifiad 2001, tabl CAS146.

Hawlfraint y Goron 2009

Licence number C02W0002635.

Trwydded rhif C02W0002635.

Number able to speak Welsh by Community 2001

Nifer sy’n gallu siarad Cymraeg fesul Cymuned 2001

Number able to speak Welsh by Community 2001

Nifer sy’n gallu siarad Cymraeg fesul Cymuned 2001

Number of Welsh speakers

Nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg

Number of Welsh speakers

Nifer y siaradwyr Cymraeg

3,000

1,500

300

3,000

1,500

300

Local Authority Boundary

Ffin Awdurdod Lleol

Local Authority Boundary

Ffin Awdurdod Lleol

Originally published by the Welsh Language Board

Cyhoeddwyd yn wreiddiol gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg

The status of the Welsh language

Statws y Gymraeg

The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 confirmed the official status of the Welsh language in Wales and created a new legislative framework for the Welsh language.

Cadarnhaodd Mesur y Gymraeg (Cymru) 2011 statws swyddogol y Gymraeg yng Nghymru a chreodd fframwaith deddfwriaethol newydd ar gyfer y Gymraeg.

This followed over fifty years of language planning that has raised the status of the language.

Dilynodd hyn dros hanner can mlynedd o gynllunio ieithyddol sydd wedi codi statws yr iaith.

This included the Welsh Language Act 1993, the work of the Welsh Language Board and its partners, the growth of Welsh-medium education, and the establishment of S4C, BBC Radio Cymru and the Welsh Books Council.

Mae’r datblygiadau hyn yn cynnwys Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993, gwaith Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg a’i bartneriaid, twf mewn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg, a sefydlu S4C, BBC Radio Cymru a Chyngor Llyfrau Cymru.

A living language:

Iaith fyw:

a language for living9

iaith byw9

In recent years, a strong political consensus has developed in relation to the need to safeguard and promote the Welsh language for the future.

Dros y blynyddoedd diwethaf mae consensws gwleidyddol cadarn wedi datblygu ynghylch yr angen i ddiogelu a hybu’r Gymraeg i’r dyfodol.

This has intensified since the creation of the National Assembly for Wales, and cross-party support was given to the Welsh Assembly Government’s first strategic framework for the promotion of the Welsh language, Iaith Pawb:

Mae’r angen hwn wedi dwysáu ers sefydlu Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru. Cafwyd cefnogaeth drawsbleidiol i fframwaith strategol cyntaf Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru ar gyfer hybu’r Gymraeg sef Iaith Pawb:

A National Action Plan for a Bilingual Wales, which was published in 2003.

Cynllun Gweithredu Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Cymru Ddwyieithog a gyhoeddwyd yn 2003.

In addition, opinion polls suggest that support for the Welsh language exists among the majority of the Welsh public, be they Welsh speakers, learners or non-Welsh speakers.

Yn ogystal, mae arolygon barn yn awgrymu bod trwch poblogaeth Cymru yn gefnogol i’r Gymraeg, boed yn siaradwyr Cymraeg, yn ddysgwyr neu yn ddi-Gymraeg.

For example, in a survey commissioned by the Welsh Language Board in 2008, over 80 per cent of respondents saw the language as ‘something to be proud of’ and almost 75 per cent saw the language as ‘something belonging to everyone in Wales’.

Er enghraifft, mewn arolwg a gomisiynwyd gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg yn 2008, dywedodd dros 80 y cant o’r rheini a ymatebodd eu bod yn ystyried yr iaith yn ‘rhywbeth i fod yn falch ohono’ a dywedodd bron i 75 y cant eu bod yn ystyried yr iaith yn ‘rhywbeth sy’n perthyn i bawb yng Nghymru’.

The growth in Welsh-medium education over the past twenty years is testament to the support that exists for the language.

Mae’r twf mewn addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg dros yr ugain mlynedd diwethaf yn tystio i’r gefnogaeth sy’n bodoli tuag at yr iaith.

The response to the consultation on this strategy also shows there is wide-ranging support for the need to take concerted action to promote the use of Welsh and that various organisations and individuals remain very committed to continuing that work.

Roedd yr ymateb i’r ymgynghoriad ar y strategaeth hon hefyd yn dangos bod cefnogaeth eang i’r angen i weithredu mewn modd bwriadus er mwyn hybu’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg. Dangosodd hefyd fod sefydliadau ac unigolion amrywiol yn ymrwymedig iawn o hyd i barhau â’r gwaith hwnnw.10Iaith fyw:

Our aim as the Welsh Government is to build on the existing consensus by taking increased responsibility for the promotion and facilitation of the use of Welsh.

Ein nod fel Llywodraeth Cymru yw manteisio ar y consensws sy’n bodoli a’i ddatblygu, gan dderbyn mwy o gyfrifoldeb am hybu a hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.

Looking back:

Edrych yn ôl:

the impact of past activities

effaith gweithgareddau’r gorffennol

Looking back:

Edrych yn ôl:

the impact of past activities

effaith gweithgareddau’r gorffennol

Since its establishment as a statutory body under the Welsh Language Act 1993, the Welsh Language Board has held two roles.

Ers ei sefydlu fel corff statudol o dan Ddeddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993, bu gan Fwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg ddwy rôl.

The Board has simultaneously operated as a regulator, agreeing and monitoring public bodies’ Welsh language schemes, and as a language champion, promoting and facilitating the use of Welsh more broadly.

Mae’r Bwrdd wedi gweithio fel corff rheoleiddio, gan gymeradwyo a monitro cynlluniau iaith Gymraeg cyrff cyhoeddus, ac fel hyrwyddwr iaith, gan hybu a hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg yn fwy eang.

The Board developed a good reputation in Wales and beyond through its innovative work in the area of language planning, and it has provided guidance on an international level in minority language development.

Datblygodd y Bwrdd enw da yng Nghymru a thu hwnt o safbwynt ei waith arloesol yn y maes cynllunio ieithyddol, ac mae wedi rhoi arweiniad ar lefel ryngwladol mewn perthynas â datblygu ieithoedd lleiafrifol.

When Iaith Pawb was published in 2003 the Board received additional investment from the Welsh Assembly Government to increase its capacity to implement projects at a grass-roots level.

Pan gyhoeddwyd Iaith Pawb yn 2003 derbyniodd y Bwrdd fuddsoddiad ychwanegol gan Lywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru er mwyn gallu gweithredu rhagor o brosiectau ar lawr gwlad.

The Board developed partnerships with a number of bodies across Wales such as the mentrau iaith, Urdd Gobaith Cymru, the National Eisteddfod, Young Farmers’ Clubs, Merched y Wawr, Mudiad Meithrin and other bodies operating to promote the Welsh language.

Datblygodd y Bwrdd bartneriaethau gyda nifer o gyrff ar draws Cymru fel y mentrau iaith, Urdd Gobaith Cymru, yr Eisteddfod Genedlaethol, y Clybiau Ffermwyr Ifanc, Merched y Wawr, y Mudiad Meithrin a chyrff eraill sy’n gweithredu er lles y Gymraeg.

In addition, the Board developed the innovative Twf project to encourage parents/carers to speak Welsh with their children.

Yn ogystal, datblygodd y Bwrdd brosiect arloesol Twf er mwyn annog rhieni/gofalwyr i siarad Cymraeg â’u plant.

The investment, coupled with the work undertaken by the Board and its partners, has led to the provision of a broader range of Welsh-language activities at a community and national level.

Yn ddi-os mae’r buddsoddiad a’r gwaith a wnaed gan y Bwrdd a’i bartneriaid wedi arwain at ddarparu llawer iawn mwy o weithgareddau Cymraeg amrywiol ar lefel gymunedol a chenedlaethol.

In addition, the Board has approved, under the Welsh Language Act, over 550 Welsh language schemes with bodies from different sectors, and has worked with the private and third sectors to increase their use of Welsh.

Yn ogystal, mae’r Bwrdd wedi cymeradwyo, o dan Ddeddf yr Iaith Gymraeg, dros 550 o gynlluniau iaith Gymraeg gyda chyrff o wahanol sectorau, ac wedi gweithio gyda’r sector preifat a’r trydydd sector i gynyddu eu defnydd o’r Gymraeg.

That has led to ensuring that more Welsh-language services are available to the public.

Mae hyn oll wedi llwyddo i sicrhau y gall pobl Cymru fanteisio ar ragor o wasanaethau Cymraeg.

In preparing this strategy, we have considered what evidence exists to measure the effectiveness of the activities undertaken by the Welsh Government, the Board and its partners over the years, in terms of increasing the use of Welsh.

Wrth baratoi’r strategaeth hon, rydym wedi ystyried pa dystiolaeth sy’n bodoli i fesur effeithiolrwydd gweithgareddau Llywodraeth Cymru, y Bwrdd a’i bartneriaid dros y blynyddoedd o safbwynt cynyddu’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.

We have also looked at activities beyond Wales, in the context of other minority languages.

Rydym hefyd wedi edrych ar weithgareddau y tu hwnt i Gymru yng nghyd-destun ieithoedd lleiafrifol eraill.

For the most part, the work undertaken for our evidence review, published alongside this strategy, suggested that there was a significant deficit in the empirical evidence in relation to the impact of individual programmes on increasing the use of Welsh.

Yn gyffredinol, awgrymodd y gwaith a gyflawnwyd ar gyfer ein hadolygiad o’r dystiolaeth, a gyhoeddwyd ar y cyd â’r strategaeth hon, fod diffyg arwyddocaol yn y dystiolaeth empirig ynglˆyn ag effaith rhaglenni unigol ar gynyddu’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.

This makes it difficult to form an objective assessment of how effectively these have worked, either alone or together, and to evaluate appropriately the likely success of activity of this nature in the future.

Mae hyn yn ei gwneud hi’n anodd i asesu’n wrthrychol pa mor effeithiol y mae’r rhaglenni hyn wedi gweithio, naill ai ar eu pennau eu hunain neu gyda’i gilydd, ac i werthuso’n briodol lwyddiant tebygol rhaglenni o’r fath yn y dyfodol.

We need, therefore, to develop a sound evaluation framework to sit alongside this strategy.

Mae angen i ni felly ddatblygu fframwaith gwerthuso cadarn a fydd yn ategu’r strategaeth hon.

This is discussed in the next section (see pages 14–24).

Trafodir hyn ymhellach yn yr adran nesaf (gweler tudalennau 14–24).

A living language:

Iaith fyw:

a language for living11

iaith byw11

However, the evidence that exists suggests the following.

Fodd bynnag, mae’r dystiolaeth sydd yn bodoli yn awgrymu’r canlynol.

Continual exposure through the lifespan to any language may be necessary for the individual to maintain that language.

Mae’n bosib bod angen cael cyswllt parhaus, gydol bywyd, ag unrhyw iaith fel y gall unigolyn gynnal yr iaith honno.

The population most at risk of abandoning the Welsh language is families with only one Welsh-speaking parent/carer and that the perceived status of the language in the community affects parents’/carers’ attitudes towards using the language.

Y boblogaeth sydd fwyaf tebygol o gefnu ar y Gymraeg yw teuluoedd lle nad yw ond un rhiant/gofalwr yn siarad Cymraeg. Credir hefyd fod amgyffrediad y gymuned o statws yr iaith yn effeithio ar agweddau rhieni/gofalwyr tuag at ddefnyddio’r iaith.

The language of a child’s ‘community’ of speakers which includes parents/carers, grandparents, siblings, teachers and school, influences the language spoken by the child.

Mae iaith ‘cymuned’ siaradwyr plentyn, sy’n cynnwys rhieni/gofalwyr, neiniau a theidiau, brodyr a chwiorydd, athrawon a’r ysgol, yn dylanwadu ar yr iaith a siaredir gan y plentyn.

The language of interaction with friends correlates highly with the language the child speaks, and is influential in children’s attitudes towards either or both languages.

Mae iaith rhyngweithio â ffrindiau yn cydberthyn yn glos â’r iaith y mae’r plentyn yn ei siarad, ac mae’n dylanwadu ar agweddau plant tuag at y naill iaith neu’r llall neu at y ddwy.

Initiatives such as Twf have been successful in bringing bilingualism into the mainstream work of midwives and health visitors.

Mae cynlluniau megis Twf wedi llwyddo i ddod â dwyieithrwydd i waith prif ffrwd bydwragedd ac ymwelwyr iechyd.

It has also helped raise awareness of the advantages of bilingualism.

Mae hefyd wedi helpu i godi ymwybyddiaeth ynglˆyn â manteision dwyieithrwydd.

The literature suggests that there could be an enhanced role for Early Years providers in providing parents/carers with more practical and intensive support to create a stimulating home learning environment which promotes and facilitates the use of Welsh.

Awgryma’r llenyddiaeth y gallai darparwyr y Blynyddoedd Cynnar chwarae rôl fwy drwy gynnig rhagor o gymorth ymarferol a chymorth dwys i rieni/gofalwyr, gan greu amgylchedd dysgu ysgogol yn y cartref sy’n hybu ac yn hwyluso’r defnydd o’r Gymraeg.

Early and teenage years are seen as a crucial period in developing a positive behaviour towards a minority language and in determining whether the language is maintained and transferred.

Ystyrir bod y blynyddoedd cynnar a blynyddoedd yr arddegau yn gyfnod hollbwysig o ran datblygu ymddygiad ffafriol tuag at iaith leiafrifol ac o ran pennu a yw’r iaith yn cael ei chynnal a’i throsglwyddo.

However, learning and speaking Welsh at school is not enough on its own;

Serch hynny, nid yw dysgu a siarad Cymraeg yn yr ysgol yn ddigon;

the language needs to be used and supported in the home (if possible) and through wider social and cultural activities.

mae angen i’r iaith gael ei defnyddio a’i chefnogi yn y cartref (os oes modd) a thrwy weithgareddau cymdeithasol a diwylliannol ehangach.

12A living language:

12Iaith fyw:

a language for living

iaith byw

Lack of confidence was found to be one of the main obstacles preventing staff from using their Welsh language skills at work.

Canfuwyd bod diffyg hyder yn un o’r prif rwystrau a oedd yn atal staff rhag defnyddio eu sgiliau Cymraeg wrth eu gwaith.

Language-awareness training appears to be a successful means of increasing positive attitudes towards Welsh among staff.

Ymddengys i hyfforddiant ynglˆyn ag ymwybyddiaeth ieithyddol fod yn gyfrwng llwyddiannus i gynyddu agweddau positif tuag at y Gymraeg ymhlith staff.

There is little explicit evidence that the provision of services in minority languages increases language status or use.

Ychydig o dystiolaeth benodol sydd yna fod darparu gwasanaethau mewn ieithoedd lleiafrifol yn cynyddu defnydd o iaith neu ei statws.

However there is a body of evidence that shows that languages will thrive only if there are opportunities for use in all spheres of life.

Fodd bynnag, ceir corff o dystiolaeth sy’n dangos na fydd ieithoedd ond yn ffynnu os ceir cyfleoedd i’w defnyddio ym mhob agwedd ar fywyd.

Support by the population in Wales for Welsh-language service provision is well evidenced.

Ceir tystiolaeth helaeth fod pobl Cymru’n cefnogi gwasanaethau a ddarperir yn y Gymraeg.

Over nine out of ten Welsh speakers (with a range of fluency levels) take the view that Welsh-language service provision is important to keep the language alive.

Mae dros naw o bob deg siaradwr Cymraeg (gydag amrywiol lefelau o ruglder) o’r farn bod darparu gwasanaethau yn yr iaith Gymraeg yn bwysig er mwyn cadw’r iaith yn fyw.

Since the Welsh Language Act, evidence shows that barriers to accessing services in Welsh remain.

Ers Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg, dengys tystiolaeth fod rhwystrau i’w cael o hyd o ran manteisio ar wasanaethau yn y Gymraeg.

Main barriers include a lack of supply of services in Welsh, a lack of demand for services due to lack of confidence among non-fluent Welsh speakers and a lack of awareness that services are provided in Welsh.

Mae’r prif rwystrau’n cynnwys diffyg cyflenwad o wasanaethau yn y Gymraeg, diffyg galw am wasanaethau oherwydd diffyg hyder ymhlith siaradwyr nad ydynt yn rhugl yn y Gymraeg a diffyg ymwybyddiaeth fod gwasanaethau’n cael eu darparu yn y Gymraeg.

Evidence on the effectiveness of specific ways of addressing these barriers is lacking, although there is some evidence to suggest that marketing of the availability of Welsh-language services can lead to increased uptake.

Prin yw’r dystiolaeth ynglˆyn ag effeithiolrwydd gwahanol ffyrdd o fynd i’r afael â’r rhwystrau hyn, ond ceir peth tystiolaeth sy’n awgrymu y gall marchnata’r gwasanaethau Cymraeg sydd ar gael gynyddu’r nifer sy’n eu defnyddio.