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Good example of godly living! 1. Don’t blame God when troubles come your way! 2. Keep doing right and do not do your own will! 4. Show respect and listen well to those that work for you! 6. Never trust in gold or riches. 7. Don’t get excited because you have lot’s of money or are earning a lot. 8. Never worship another god or fall into superstition. 9. Don’t rejoice when bad things happen to those that have done you wrong nor curse them. 12. Don’t take advantage of others and get money by harming others. Choose God’s blessing or cursing! Cursed for not doing all the Law! Is it all about me! Not who we used to be!

21st street is a relatively quiet street in Union city that offer a memorable Mexican restaurant known as El Migueleno. The carnitas were excellent, as was the service, but the prices were a little high. Although the street offers little else to do, I do give this street four stars for it's Mexican restaurant, as there are not many good Mexican places in Union City!

Walter Butler Cheadle was born on 15 October 1835 in Colne, Lancashire, the son of James Cheadle, Vicar of Bingley, Yorkshire. Cheadle was educated at Bingley Grammar School, before proceeding to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in 1855. He graduated BA in 1859, and then MB two years later, having studied medicine at both Cambridge and St George's Hospital, London. In 1862 he accompanied William Fitzwilliam, Viscount Milton, on an expedition to explore a route through the Rocky Mountains in Canada. On their return to England in 1864 he authored the popular and successful account of their adventures, The North-West Passage by Land (1865), which ran to nine editions. Indeed the 1892 expedition conducted by Sir Sandford Fleming through the Rocky Mountains to plan the Canadian Pacific Railway, was largely guided by Cheadle's track. Cheadle became one of the earliest fellows of the Royal Geographic Society. In 1865 he proceeded MA and MD at Cambridge, and became a member of the Royal College of Physicians. In the same year he was elected physician to the Western General Dispensary. In 1866 Cheadle was appointed as assistant physician to St Mary's Hospital, where he lectured on pharmacology, pathology, medicine and clinical medicine, and was for many years a dermatologist. He was also Dean of the medical school for four years, 1869-73, during which time the number of students more than doubled. In 1869 he became assistant physician at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street. In 1870 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, and began an extended connection with the College. Cheadle acquired a considerable reputation as a consultant on children's diseases. Indeed in his private practice most of his patients were children. He pioneered work on the artificial feeding of infants and on childhood rheumatism. In 1877 he was the first to define a then mysterious childhood disease, which he named 'infantile scurvy'. It was characterised by pain and tenderness of the limbs, haemorrhages, and swellings of the gums. He ascribed the condition to artificial foods that possessed no anti-scorbutic properties. Described as `a radical in politics', Cheadle advocated the admission of women into the medical profession, and was one of the first lecturers at the London Medical School for Women (DNB, 1912, p.358). It is said that he was `at his best as a clinical teacher of senior and postgraduate students' (Munk's Roll, 1955, p.176). It was his example of regard for his patients that was `one of the greatest benefits he conferred upon his students' (BMJ, 1910, p.908). A series of his postgraduate lectures on feeding infants was published under the title, On the Principles and Exact Conditions to be observed in the Artificial Feeding of Infants; the Properties of Artificial Foods; and the Diseases which arise from Faults of Diet in Early Life (1889). His medical writings were considered `essentially terse and practical', and none more so than his Occasional Lectures on the Practice of Medicine (1900), which was `full of practical hints from a mature judgment' (The Lancet, 1910, p.962). In 1884 Cheadle visited Canada with the British Association, where he contracted dysentery which permanently injured his health. In 1885 he became physician to in-patients at St Mary's. Between 1885-88 he acted as examiner in medicine in the Royal College of Physicians. Cheadle became a councilor at the College in 1889-91, censor in 1892-93, and senior censor in 1898. In 1892 he left the active staff of Great Ormond Street, and became honorary consulting physician. In 1898 he endowed the Cheadle prize and a gold medal for proficiency in clinical medicine at St Mary's. He delivered the Lumleian Lectures at the College in 1900, on cirrhosis of the liver. In 1904 he retired from active service at St Mary's, and became honorary consulting physician. Cheadle was married twice, first in 1866 to Anne Murgatroyd, by whom he had four sons, all of whom survived him, and secondly in 1892 to Emily Mansel Mansel, Inspector of Queen Victoria's Jubilee Institute for Nurses. In 1909 Cheadle was operated upon for intestinal obstruction. He died in London on 25 March 1910, and was buried in Eastbourne. Cheadle's papers, 1877-1934, include his notes on the use of anti-scorbutic treatment for scurvy in young children, includes notes of six cases, with temperature charts, 1877-88. Also includes explanatory notes from J.F. Poynton, 1910; Original paintings and photograph of infantile scurvy by Cheadle, from the cases of Sir Thomas Barlow, to accompany Cheadle's original records of the cases, [1877-79], with letter presenting paintings to the College from Poynton, 1934. Cheadle's journal and papers relating to Canada, 1862-64, are held at the National Archives of Canada. See the National Register of Archives for details. Sources: Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1826-1925, compiled by G.H. Brown (London, 1955) [Munk's Roll, 1955, pp.176-77]; Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, Vol. I, Sir Sidney Lee (ed.) (London, 1912) [DNB, 1912, pp.357-58]; `Obituary - Walter Butler Cheadle', British Medical Journal, 1910 Vol. I [BMJ, 1910, pp.908-9]; `Obituary - Walter Butler Cheadle', The Lancet, 1910 Vol. I, pp.962-64; Historical Manuscripts Commission On-Line National Register of Archives.

While it was a challenge to get into Harvard, it was not as much of a challenge staying there. I quickly found out that professors are mostly focused on research, and do not care as much about students. This was disappointing enough that I considered transferring to another school, but making the right connections is still worth it. Some individuals you'll meet are self-centered and arrogant. Others are friendly and sensible. Consider that reputation is not everything, and that other universities may offer more than Harvard in the areas where it matters, such as acquiring knowledge. I would NOT recommend Harvard University to a friend.

Find the related word/letters/numbers to complete the analogy? 1. 1 : 1 :: 25 : ? Answer - (b) 625. 12 = 1, 252 = 625. 2. French : France :: Dutch : ? 3. Problem : Solution :: Task : ? 4. Cuba : Havana :: Cyprus : ? 5. Wall : Brick :: Roof : ? 6. Ink : Pen :: Paint : ? 7. Australia : Kangaroo :: Siberia : ? 8. ACEG : JLNP :: BDFH : ? Answer - (a) KMOQ. A --> B, C --> D, E --> F, G --> H, thus, ACEG --> BDFG. Similarly, JLNP --> KMOQ. Answer - (c) 4. 82 = 64, 42 = 16, 22 = 4. 10. Rashtrapati Bhavan : India, Downing Street : UK, White House : USA, Kremlin : ? 11. Amnesia : Memory :: Paralysis : ? 12. AFKP : BGLQ :: CHMR : ? Answer - (a) DINS. A + 1 = B, F + 1 = G, K + 1 = L, P + 1 = Q, hence, CHMR = DINS. 13. PREMONITION : MONITIONERP :: LINSEEDOIL : ? Answer - (c) SEEDOILNIL. First 3 letters move last in reverse order. Hence, LINSEEDOIL = SEEDOILNIL. 14. 18 : 162 :: 36 : ? Answer - (d) 648. 18 * 18 = 324, 324/2 = 162. Hence, 36 * 36 = 1296, 1296/2 = 648. 15. 9536 : 6203 :: 5873 : ? Answer - (a) 2540. 9536 = 5873, In 9536, 9 - 1 = 8, 6 + 1 = 7, thus, 9536 becomes 8537, now 8 and 5 interchange their places, and 3 and 7 interchange their places. Similarly, 6203 = 2540. 16. Vigilant : Alert :: Viable : ? 17. 112 : 222 :: 442 : ? Answer - (c) 64. 23 = 8, 32 = 9, 43 = 64, 52 = 25. 19. Produce : Waste :: Contrast : ? Answer - (c) Similar. Opposite of Produce is Waste, similarly, opposite of Contrast is Similar. 20. Knife : Chef :: ? Answer - (b) Plough : Farmer. 21. FILM : ADGH :: MILK : ? Answer - (a) HDGF. F - 5 = A, I - 5 = D, L - 5 = G, M - 5 = H. Following the same pattern MILK gives HDGF. 22. NIATRUC : CURTAIN :: ENILUCSAM : ? 23. Wine : Grapes :: Whiskey : ? Answer - (b) 5600. 20 x 30 = 600, 40 x 50 = 2000, 70 x 80 = 5600, 90 x 100 = 9000. 25. XZG : CAT :: DOG : ? Answer - (b) WLT. The pairs of letter have same positions from the beginning and the end in the English alphabet. 26. Eye : Cataract :: Skin : ? Answer - (c) Eczema. Cataract is the disease of eye, Eczema is the disease of skin. 27. Vitamin A : Carrot :: Vitamin C : ? Answer - (d) Orange. Carrot is the source of Vitamin A, Orange is the source of Vitamin C. 28. ACF : GIL :: MOR : ? Answer - (a) SUX. A + 6 = G, C + 6 = I, F + 6 = L, Similarly, MOR = SUX. 29. 32 : 66 :: 134 : ? Answer - (c) 270. 32 x 2 + 2 = 66,, 134 x 2 + 2 = 270. 30. Waves are related to Air in the same way as Ripples are related to? 31. Distill is related to Whiskey in the same way as Brew is related to? 32. Earth is related to Axis in the same way as Wheel is related to?

(CNN) -- The CIA has in its hands the critical parts of a key piece of Iraqi nuclear technology -- parts needed to develop a bomb program -- that were dug up in a back yard in Baghdad, CNN has learned. The parts, with accompanying plans, were unearthed by Iraqi scientist Mahdi Obeidi who said he had hidden them under a rose bush in his garden 12 years ago under orders from Qusay Hussein and Saddam Hussein's then son-in-law, Hussein Kamel. But U.S. officials emphasized that this was not evidence Iraq had a nuclear weapon -- but it was evidence the Iraqis concealed plans to reconstitute their nuclear program as soon as the world was no longer looking. The parts and documents Obeidi gave the CIA were shown exclusively to CNN at CIA headquarters in Virginia. Obeidi told CNN the parts of a gas centrifuge system for enriching uranium were part of a highly sophisticated system he was ordered to hide to be ready to rebuild the bomb program. "I have very important things at my disposal that I have been ordered to have, to keep, and I've kept them, and I don't want this to proliferate, because of its potential consequences if it falls in the hands of tyrants, in the hands of dictators or of terrorists," said Obeidi, who has been taken out of Iraq with the help of the U.S. government. Obeidi also said he was not the only scientist ordered to hide that type of equipment. "I think there may be more than three other copies. And I think it is quite important to look at this list so they will not fall into the hands of the wrong people," he said. David Kay, who led three U.N. arms inspection missions in Iraq in 1991-92 and now heads the CIA's search for unconventional weapons, started work two days ago in Baghdad. CNN spoke to him about the case over a secure teleconferencing line. "It begins to tell us how huge our job is," Kay said. "Remember, his material was buried in a barrel behind his house in a rose garden. "There's no way that that would have been discovered by normal international inspections. I couldn't have done it. My successors couldn't have done it." Kay said he had mixed emotions when he saw the centrifuge components: "It was a realization that I hadn't gotten all the parts [of Iraq's nuclear program]. So there was a moment of regret, but there was also an exhilaration that now maybe we have a chance to take this to the very bottom." CNN learned of the discovery last week but made a decision to withhold the story at the request of the U.S. government, which cited safety and national security concerns. The U.S. government told CNN the security and safety issues have been dealt with and there is no risk now in telling the story fully. The gas centrifuge equipment dates to Iraq's pre-1991 efforts to build nuclear weapons. Experts said the documents and pieces Obeidi gave the United States were the critical information and parts to restart a nuclear weapons program, and would have saved Saddam's regime several years and as much as hundreds of millions of dollars for research. David Albright, who was a U.N. nuclear weapons inspector in Iraq in the 1990s, said inspectors "understood that Iraq probably hid centrifuge documents, may have had components, and so it is very important that those items be found." "What it is that Obeidi was ordered to keep was all the information and some centrifuge components, so that if he was given the order, he could restart the centrifuge program," said Albright, president of the Institute for Science and International Security in Washington. "In a sense, the program was in hibernation. He was the key to the restart of this centrifuge program, and he never got the order. So in that sense it doesn't show at all that Iraq had a nuclear program. And Obeidi told me that he never worked on a nuclear program after 1991." Obeidi said he felt unsafe in Iraq after the U.S.-led invasion and that he was getting pressure from different corners of the country. He also said other Iraqi scientists were watching to see if he was safe after he cooperated with the U.S. government. Now that he and his family are safely out of Iraq, Obeidi said he believes other scientists would come forward with other components of Iraq's weapons program. Before the Iraq war, U.S. officials said Iraq tried to purchase aluminum tubes that could be used in centrifuges that enrich uranium. U.S. officials, including President Bush, also had cited British intelligence documents indicating Iraq may have tried to buy 500 tons of uranium from Niger, but the IAEA said the documents were obvious fakes. CNN correspondents Mike Boettcher and David Ensor and producer Maria Fleet contributed to this story.

kaç? how much? or how many? Gazete çıkarmak zor bir iş. Bu gazeteyi çıkarmak zor bir iş. -li with or with the quality of or belonging to sulu = "with water" -siz without susuz = "without water" -çi, -ci The professional gazeteci = "journalist", çaycı = "tea seller", dişçi = "dentist" -[y]ici The habitual yazmak = "to write", so yazıcı = "writer" -çe -ish or as for çocukça = "childish[ly]" bence = "as for me" -(i)msi, -(i)mtrak, -si -ish or -like duvarımsı = "wall-like" -daş fellow- okuldaş = "schoolmate" -lik abstract noun formation büyüklük = "largeness" or "size" susuzluk = "waterlessness" or "thirst" Granted, susuzluk is rather stilted, a Turk would more likely ask "Susadın mı?" for "Are you thirsty?" -sel abstract adjective formation tarih = "history", tarihsel = "historic" -ki abstract adjective formation sabahki hava = "morning weather" Bu kalem benimki değil. = "This pencil is not mine (I do have a pencil, but this one is not it)." Bu köpek benimki. = "This dog is mine." -çik, -cik, -ceğiz, -ce Diminutive Ahmetçik = "my pal Ahmet" Köyceğiz = "the dear little village" and a lakeside town in southwestern Turkey. -[y]iş Add to a verb stem for the noun form girmek = "to enter", so giriş = "entrance" çıkmak = "to exit", so çıkış = "exit" -leyin by or at geceleyin = "by night" -ken while yazarken = "while writing" -oğlu son of Köseoğlu Bey = "Mr Son-Of-The-Bald-Man" ablative measure benden büyük = "bigger than me" benden iyi = "better than me" close to the speaker Bu köpek benimki. further away Şu dağ Ağrı Dağı. That mountain is Mount Ararat. o that O Ağrı Dağı. burada here orade there nerede? where? buradan from this place oradan from there nereden? from where? buraya to this place oraya to there nereye? to where? Filim büyük. = My elephant is big. Bu benim büyük filimdir. = Hey, this is my big elephant, get your own! filim would mean "my elephant", while benim filim would very adamantly make the case that the elephant was, in fact, mine, and not anyone else's. Sahip means "owner" or "master", and halı means "rug". Note the logic of "the owner of the rug", where the rug has an owner, and thus "rug" is the possessor (of an owner) and the owner is the thing possessed (by the rug). Thus halının sahibi for "the rug's owner". Finally, note that çocukların bahçeleri is ambiguous, it could mean either "the garden of the children" or "the gardens of the children". It must be derived from context (about the number of gardens), or by intentionally malforming the possessed item as çocukların bahçesi to explicitly mean the one garden of the multiple children. They work somewhat as prepositions do in English, and fall into three classes depending on the declension of the modified word. Kebapçıdan içiri girdik = We went into a kebap shop. Cumadan itibaren her gün, kebapçıya gideceğiz. Every day starting from Friday, we will go into a kebap shop. Bu yol İstanbul'a doğru gitiyor. Gazeteye göre, hava güzel olacak. According to the newspaper, the weather is going to be nice. Bir saat kadar otobüse bindim = I rode the bus for one hour. Halk İndiana'da filler kadar şişman. = People in Indiana are as fat as elephants. Kediye nazaran filim daha büyük. = Compared to a cat, my elephant is larger. Elmayı kilo ile satıyorum. = I sell apple by the kilogram. bazı, kimi some bazı adam, kimi adam = "some man" bazı adamlar, kimi adamlar = "some men" her every Bu tren her gün Istanbul'a gidiyor. = "This train goes to Istanbul every day." from az, little Az şarapı içerim. = I drink little wine. Ahmet Bey dedi, "Biraz içerim". = "Mr. Ahmet said, 'I drinks a bit'". or no one in the negative Bir kimse size arıyordu. = "Someone was looking for you." Kimse aldırış etmiyor. = "No one is paying attention." veya or Kedisiniz kara veya ak? Is your cat black or white? de too, also Biz de mi gidelim? Shall we too go?

How much Caffeine is there in Coffee,Tea, Colas & Sodas etc.? Caffeine is the only drug that is present naturally or added to widely consumed foods. Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug. The caffeine levels listed below are for 8 oz. ≈ 236 ml servings. The variability in the amount of caffeine in a cup of coffee or tea is relatively large even if prepared by the same person using the same equipment and ingredients day after day.

In Part one I touched on a bit of the history of the British Virgin Islands. Part two is all about the more notable characters that plied their waters. The untouched beauty of the BVIs were not lost on "gentlemen of fortune." Many of the hidden bays and sheltered coves were discovered by some of the most famous pirates and privateers of this era such as Black Beard, Norman, Sir Francis Drake, John Hawkins, Captain Morgan, and Jost Van Dyke. Several of the islands here, including Norman, Jost Van Dyke and Great and Little Thatch, are named after these legendary characters. It's no wonder that the English crown referred to the BVIs as the "pirate's nest." Pirates kept their activities as secret as possible, so there is little "official" record of their goings on in the BVIs. But, it is a known fact that pirates used the Virgin Islands as a place to hide and rest after long sea voyages and to muster their crews before battle. The lay of the islands and the bays that make up the BVIs would have been perfect for hiding large ships and crews. Famous pirates like Blackbeard and his ship the "Queen Ann's Revenge" was only one in a long list of pirates and vessels in the BVIs. In 1685, a Spanish pirate ship called the Longue attacked Tortola and captured an English ship and its crew, but killing only one. The next year, another Spanish pirate flotilla led by an English doctor of all things, attacked and successfully held Tortola for days. Plantations were raided and Thomas Bisse, the Deputy Governor's son, was taken and beaten. The damage was so great that the small colony on Tortola was in total ruin and nearly collapsed. Pirates took much from the BVIs but in the process, stamped them solidly in the history books. The last recorded act of piracy in the islands was actually as recently as 1869, with a ship called the Telegrafo. One of the most infamous Pirates in British Virgin Island history was Edward Teach (or Thatch ... nobody knows his last name for certain), who became better known as Blackbeard. By all reports, his very long and unruly beard covered the majority of his face, which, presumably, had never been introduced to a razor. When in the British Virgin Islands Blackbeard was known to hold up in a natural large deep water harbor in the west end of Tortola now called Sopers Hole. His fleet of ships could lay in wait, hidden from the shipping channel where Spanish treasure ships frequently sailed through. Both Thatch Islands (Great Thatch and Little Thatch) are said to be named by him. His ship the "Queen Ann's Revenge" has recently been discovered off the coast of the Carolinas. A wealth of historical artifacts lifted from his ship (including cannons fired by Blackbeard himself) are now on display in museums there. One of the most famous and well documented pirates of the BVIs was Owen Lloyd. Lloyd commanded a ship of mutineers from the treasure gallon Nustra Senora de Guadelope. They stole a portion of her highly valuable cargo and fled first to St. Croix where they hid a portion of the ill gotten booty. From St. Croix, Lloyd set sail for Norman Island where the rest was buried. With the majority of treasure hidden way, they took off for St. Eustatius, but it was a bad move. They were apprehended on arrival. Lloyd's treasure could not be kept secrete for long. Word had spread though the Tortola colony that there was treasure on Norman Island. The president of the Tortola Colony, Abraham Chalwill, and a group of local planters headed to Norman Island and recovered the treasure. Though some say they did not find nearly all of it, they split up the treasure but their joy was short lived. Upon hearing of the treasure find, the Lieutenant Governor of the British Leeward Islands sent a British naval ship to recover the treasure from the local planters. The planters didn't get left completely high and dry, they received a small amount of the treasure each, as an "old world finders fee." You can still view a copy of the British receipt of payment to the planters on Tortola. His name is known by all modern-day British Virgin Island sailors thanks to the island channel named after him. But even with this name recognition, not much is known about Drake's background. Even the year of his birth is in question. Best guesses range from 1538 through 1542. What we do know is that when Drake got older, his family moved to Kent where they lived in the hull of an old ship. Ironically, Edmund Drake, Francis Drakes father, was a preacher to naval sailors. Living by the sea and hearing stories told by sailors was fascinating to Drake. Some say it was this move to Kent that set him on his path to the sea. As a young man, he apprenticed with a man who owned a small freighter. It worked out well for him when the man died. He willed Drake the boat having no family of his own. This first boat would be one of many, setting in motion his voyaging future. For his accomplishments Drake was knighted and became very wealthy. His old home in Buckland Abbey in Devon is still the building where "Drake's Drum" can be found. Legend says that when the drum is drumming, England is in danger. Drake sailed around the world between 1577 and 1580. This achievement earned him a place in the English history books. These English accolades meant little to the Spanish; to them he was nothing more than a murderous pirate. To them he was one who apprenticed under John Hawkens no less. Drake was feared by the Spanish, they called him "El Draque" (the Dragon). Drake's fleet of ships were a constant trouble for Spanish bullion ships departing out of what is now Mexico and South America. Spanish ships were either sunk or were boarded and their valuable cargo taken. The queen did not "officially" endorse Drake's escapades, but she didn't put a stop to them either. Nor did she mind the treasure and jewels Drake brought back for her. He bolstered his reputation to near legend status when he sailed his fleet into Cadiz in 1587, and attacked the Spanish fleet on their home waters. The fleet Drake destroyed was to have been part of the Spanish Armada of 1587. The damage he and his men inflicted on them delayed the Armada for over a year. Sir Francis Drake died in 1596 in the Caribbean after a respite in the North Sound (Gorda Sound) British Virgin Islands. He continued his fight against the Spanish in the North. He caught fever (some say of the "bloody flux") and died on January 28th of that year. He was buried at sea in a lead coffin off of Puerto Bello, Panama. Hawkins was a regular in British Virgin Islands. He sailed with his former apprentice Francis Drake in a "military operation," the goal of which was to intercept the Spanish treasure fleet. The voyage ended in failure, but it gave the idea to many other English pirates who followed in their footsteps. What some might not know is that Hawkins is also know for the improvements he pioneered in ship construction and rigging. He found ways to keep worms from eating holes in the ships hulls, he introduced detachable mast tops that could be taken down in rough weather and hoisted up in fair weather. Hawkens also stepped masts further forward and cut his sails flatter. Compared to other ships of the day, his were racers, with longer waterlines and smaller fore and aft castles. It was this inventiveness that gave the edge to the English in the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Pirate or not, Hawkins was knighted for his part in the "great battle." Captain 'Jost Van Dyke' was a 17th Century Dutch pirate who used the harbors of his namesake island as a hideout and to attack ships passing North of the island on way to Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, and Cuba. In "traditional" pirate fashion his choice of prey was the treasure galleons of the Spanish. Yes indeed. BVI Islanders also partook in the "sweet trade" during the Seven Years War and the American War of Independence. The British issued letters of Marque to expand their own naval ranks to Caribbean planters who became known as privateers. But they didn't just attack enemies of England. Attacks on neutral countries were just as common. They had to be careful in these "other" attacks. If caught, their letter of Marque became meaningless. Those were considered acts of piracy, carrying a penalty of death. The BVI islanders attacked so many neutral countries though that their letters of mark were all recalled by England. The last "recorded" act of piracy in the BVIs was in 1869, with local pirates aboard the Telegrafo. The ship and her crew were held in Tortola but were released because the legal system at the time could not prosecute such a case. There is a mysterious history of piracy in the BVIs. Fact and legend can become blurry when discussing the subject. But there is one fact that can't be disputed. Pirates sailed the BVI waters and left their mark. And some of what they left, may yet to be discovered. Original Dead Mans Chest "Diddy" Fifteen men on a dead man's chest. Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum. Drink and the devil had done for the rest. Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum. This Revised version was originally created 1891 added to in 1901 and used in the original play and movie "Treasure Island." Fifteen men on a dead man's chest/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Drink and the devil had done for the rest/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/The mate was fixed by the bosun's pike/The bosun brained with a marlinspike/And cookey's throat was marked belike/It had been gripped by fingers ten/And there they lay, all good dead men/Like break o'day in a boozing ken/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum. Fifteen men of the whole ship's list/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Dead and be damned and the rest gone whist/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/The skipper lay with his nob in gore/Where the scullion's axe his cheek had shore/And the scullion he was stabbed times four/And there they lay, and the soggy skies/Dripped down in up-staring eyes/In murk sunset and foul sunrise/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum. Fifteen men of 'em stiff and stark/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Ten of the crew had the murder mark/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Twas a cutlass swipe or an ounce of lead/Or a yawing hole in a battered head/And the scuppers' glut with a rotting red/And there they lay, aye, damn my eyes/Looking up at paradise/All souls bound just contrariwise/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum. Fifteen men of 'em good and true/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Ev'ry man jack could ha' sailed with Old Pew/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/There was chest on chest of Spanish gold/With a ton of plate in the middle hold/And the cabins riot of stuff untold/And they lay there that took the plum/With sightless glare and their lips struck dumb. While we shared all by the rule of thumb. Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum! More was seen through a sternlight screen/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Chartings undoubt where a woman had been/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/'Twas a flimsy shift on a bunker cot/With a dirk slit sheer through the bosom spot/And the lace stiff dry in a purplish blot. Oh was she wench or some shudderin' maid. That dared the knife and took the blade. By God! she had stuff for a plucky jade/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum. Fifteen men on a dead man's chest/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/Drink and the devil had done for the rest/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum/We wrapped 'em all in a mains'l tight/With twice ten turns of a hawser's bight/And we heaved 'em over and out of sight/With a Yo-Heave-Ho! and a fare-you-well/And a sudden plunge in the sullen swell/Ten fathoms deep on the road to hell/Yo ho ho and a bottle of rum!

What led to the formation of labor unions during the Industrial Revolution? Due to some businesses taking advantage of their workers, many workers banded together to demand fair pay and safe working conditions. Depreciation is a way to represent the fact that technology becomes obsolete, the government allows companies to deduct a portion of the assets value over its useful life. What are the three major components of any business? Marketing, Operations, and Finance. Marketing tells the customer they need to use the company, operations figures out how to do it, and finance finds the money to do it.

I want to download and review the HTML5 SDK, but am using a Linux workstation. Will the Mac OS version install properly? What alternatives do I have to review the SDK? The SDK installer makes you accept a license agreement, and then unpacks a zip file locally on your computer, but no program is installed. You can download the install on Mac OS or Windows, and then copy the files to your Linux computer. Or, you can use wine on Linux to run the Windows installer (http://www.winehq.org/).

The manufacture's very first flying tourbillon is dressed to kill. The tourbillon has been around since the dawn of the 19th century (as any dyed-in-the-wool horological enthusiast knows, Breguet's patent is from 1801) but until the year 1986, it was largely confined to pocket watches. 1986 was the year that Audemars Piguet created the first series-produced wristwatch tourbillon, the reference 25643, which represented a whole fistful of firsts including being both the first tourbillon wristwatch produced in series and the thinnest automatic tourbillon wristwatch (a record it held, incredibly, until this year, when Bulgari introduced the Octo Finissimo Tourbillon Automatic). That watch revolutionized tourbillon design – prior to the ref. 25643, the watch industry largely regarded the tourbillon as an experimental device for (possibly) improving rate stability, and only a handful existed. The ref. 25643 was the first use of the tourbillon as an unapologetically design-oriented element, rather than as an enhancement to chronometry, and the 401 watches produced made AP instantly synonymous with the tourbillon – the company had produced only four tourbillons prior to that, in its entire history – and made the tourbillon synonymous with forward-thinking horological design. The Audemars Piguet Ladies' Royal Oak Concept Flying Tourbillon is the first flying tourbillon from Audemars Piguet, and like the ref. 25643, the Concept Flying Tourb is an exercise in the tourbillon as an element in a visual and mechanical composition, rather than in the exploration of chronometry per se. The flying tourbillon as it's generally seen in modern watches was invented by Alfred Helwig, at the Glashütte School of Watchmaking, in 1920, although the first flying tourbillon – albeit with a different arrangement than the Glashütte flying tourbillon – appears to have been patented by one Robert Benson North in 1904. There's no particular advantage chronometrically to the flying tourbillon; its chief advantage over the standard tourbillon is that the absence of an upper bridge for the tourbillon cage allows a flatter construction, all other things being equal. From a design standpoint, the flying tourbillon offers more visual drama, as there's no upper bridge partly blocking the view. One glance at the Concept Flying Tourbillon makes it abundantly clear that design in general, and drama in particular, was the goal. The watch comes in two versions; one with baguette-cut diamonds, and one with brilliant-cut diamonds; what you see here is the latter. The design of the watch rather reminded me of Fiona Krüger's Mechanical Entropy watch – there is the same sense of looking at a freeze-frame image of a detonation in progress, and the movement of the Concept Flying Tourbillon seems to be exploding out of the case, breaking the dial open like a brick through a plate glass window. If this is an act of vandalism, though, it's a pretty elegant one – the sharp angles of the dial aperture are in contrast to the extremely precise diamond-setting. It's often overlooked, but horological gem-setting presents its own specific challenges, and the Royal Oak Concept Flying Tourbillon is a wonderful example of the craft at a very high level. Thanks to the proximity of each stone to the next, matching color and clarity is critical, and the stones have to be cut to very exact sizes to fit properly in the overall composition. In horological gem-setting, there can be as much as a 90% loss in carat weight of a stone when it's cut for use in a particular location on a particular watch; that extreme generally obtains when colored stones are being used, not clear diamonds, but the fact remains that high precision is as much a feature of diamond-setting – at least, at the high end – as it is a feature of the movement. The view through the back is also visually powerful, but considerably more austere thanks to the absence of diamonds. It's always interesting to see high-end horological finishing applied to an unconventional movement design, and the Royal Oak Concept Flying Tourbillon definitely makes a case for such finishing being more versatile than it's generally considered. We're accustomed to seeing things like highly polished angles and countersinks in the context of classic Swiss movement design, with its fondness for sinuous curves and delicate sweeps and arcs of metal, but these features work just as well as a way of emphasizing the stylized crystal-motif execution of the movement bridges. Unfortunately, this is one of those watches the impact of which is almost entirely lost in press images, which flatten both its contours and character; in the proverbial metal (I always wonder who coined that expression and where, and why) it's as immediately impactful as an asteroid strike. It's a fascinating watch in that despite its giving off a lot of signals oriented towards traditional codes of femininity in Swiss watch design, it's also got a counter-element of angular aggressiveness that keeps the whole thing from collapsing into just another rote execution of a so-called ladies' watch, and it's a very logical extension of the basic design language of the classic Royal Oak as well. You'd probably no more wear this as an everyday timepiece than you would wear your Met Gala outfit to a spin class, but under the right circumstances and worn with sufficient elan, it, and you, are going to turn heads like they've never turned before. As shown, this watch is priced at $196,700, while the baguette-set version is currently "price on request" (our Introducing post quotes a figure of about CHF 395,000). Both versions are AP boutique exclusives too. For more info, visit AudemarsPiguet.com. In-Depth Does The Tourbillon Have Any Real Benefits In A Wristwatch?

Women who have had a cesarean delivery and subsequently plan a vaginal delivery have an elevated risk of having an infant who is stillborn or dies within four weeks after birth, according to a retrospective cohort study conducted in Scotland.1 Among singleton infants born to such women after an uncomplicated term pregnancy, the perinatal death rate is 12.9 per 10,000 births. The odds of perinatal death for this group are more than 11 times those associated with a planned repeat cesarean birth and more than twice those among infants born to other multiparous women who do not plan a cesarean delivery; however, the odds are similar to those among infants of nulliparous women who do not expect to deliver by this method. Researchers studied outcomes of all births, as well as clinical and demographic characteristics of women who delivered, from January 1992 through December 1997 by analyzing linked data from two national databases. Of the singleton births, 313,238 met the following criteria: They occurred at 37-43 weeks' gestation, the fetus presented head-down, any stillbirth during labor or neonatal death was not due to congenital conditions and delivery was not by planned cesarean section unless there was a history of this birth method. Five percent of the mothers had had at least one prior cesarean delivery but did not plan a surgical delivery for the current pregnancy, 3% had previously had a cesarean section and intended to undergo this procedure again, 48% were multiparous and had no history of cesarean delivery, and 44% were nulliparous. Among women who had had a cesarean section, those who did not schedule a repeat procedure had an average age of 30 and a median height of 161 cm; those who did so were significantly older (31) and shorter (159 cm). Nulliparous and other multiparous women, by contrast, were significantly younger (26-29) and taller (162-163 cm). There were some differences among the four groups of women in terms of smoking status; level of socioeconomic deprivation; proportion of infants who had low birth weight; and infant's gestational age at birth, median birth weight and five-minute Apgar score. These factors were corrected for in subsequent analyses. The rate of perinatal death among infants born to women with a history of cesarean section who did not schedule a repeat procedure was 12.9 per 10,000 births; for infants born by planned repeat cesarean delivery, the rate was 1.1 per 10,000. Among infants born to women with no history of cesarean delivery, the rates were 5.9 and 9.8 per 10,000 births to multiparous and nulliparous women, respectively. The results were similar in analyses that included only births for which complete records were available and in analyses restricted to births that occurred at or after 40 weeks' gestation (to exclude any women who had planned a cesarean delivery at term but had undergone an emergency procedure before the scheduled date). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of perinatal death among infants born to women with a history of cesarean section who did not intend to deliver by this method were more than 11 times those among infants born by a scheduled repeat cesarean delivery (odds ratio, 11.6) and more than twice those among infants born to other multiparous women (2.2). However, the odds among infants born to women who had previously undergone a cesarean section but did not schedule a repeat procedure were not significantly different from those among infants of the nulliparous women studied. In analyses that included only births for which complete records were available, adjustment for maternal characteristics, gestational age at birth and birth weight had no effect on the odds ratios. The most common causes of perinatal mortality among infants born to women who had had a cesarean section but expected a vaginal delivery were mechanical factors (uterine rupture, umbilical cord compression or prolapse, birth trauma and asphyxia) and oxygen deprivation during birth: The rate for each was 4.5 deaths per 10,000 births. The odds of neonatal death due to mechanical factors for this group of women were more than eight times those for both multiparous women with no history of cesarean birth and nulliparous women (odds ratios, 8.5 and 8.8, respectively); the odds of neonatal death due to oxygen deprivation were about three times those for the other multiparous women (2.8). The investigators note that infants born to women by planned repeat cesarean delivery had the lowest risk of perinatal death among the four study groups. However, because only one such death was identified, multivariate comparisons were "problematic"; the researchers recommend that larger studies be conducted in the future. According to their estimates, at most one in 500 women who have a history of cesarean section and plan a vaginal birth will have an infant who is stillborn or dies soon after birth. The researchers state that their findings "provide essential information for [these] women to make an informed choice," especially given that obstetricians face "pressure from government and health care insurers to advocate vaginal birth after cesarean delivery as one strategy to reduce the overall rate of cesarean delivery." 1. Smith GCS et al., Risk of perinatal death associated with labor after previous cesarean delivery in uncomplicated term pregnancies, Journal of the American Medical Association, 2002, 287(20):2684-2690.

Looking For A Home Or Investment Property? Are you looking for a new home or investment property? Before deciding which property to buy, you need to think about your lifestyle, your current and anticipated housing needs, and your budget. It's a good idea to create a list of features you want in your new home in order of priority - you'll soon discover that finding the right property involves striking a balance between your "must-haves" and your "nice-to-haves". If you are looking to purchase a new home to live in, a good place to start is to consider your lifestyle. For example, if you love to cook, you will want a well-equipped kitchen. If you enjoy gardening, you will want a backyard. If you work from home, you may want an extra room to have as a study or work space. If you have several cars, you may require a larger garage. A list of such requirements will form your search guide. It is also important to think about what you might need in the future. As you consider your housing needs, it's important to think about how long you may live in your home. If you're newly married, you might not be concerned with living close to schools right now, but you could be in a few years' time. If you have older parents or relatives, you may want to look at homes that offer living arrangements for them as well. It is important to think about a property's location just as carefully as you do its features. Location is a big consideration in any move. In addition to thinking about the distance from your place of work, you need to evaluate the availability of shopping, police and fire protection, medical facilities, school and child-care, traffic and parking, waste collection services and recreational facilities. Another key decision is the type of property you want. Do you want an apartment or a house? A townhouse or a semi-detached property? What type of construction materials are you after? Would you prefer a brand new property or is age not necessarily a large consideration? Stand-alone homes offer the opportunity to have a garden, provide more privacy and are generally quieter. However, they are usually more expensive than apartments and generally require more maintenance. Alternatively, apartments are typically less expensive than comparable stand-alone houses and may not require any backyard or exterior maintenance. However, they may offer less privacy, could be noisier, have common walls, floors and/or ceilings, and usually require additional expenses such as body corporate fees and strata levies. Alternatively, if you are looking to purchase an investment property these considerations are important along with others including the ability of a property to be rented out, and the types of tenants you wish to attract. Be sure to talk to your real estate agent about where you want to live and the property features that are important to you. While many buyers are using the Internet to search for properties for sale, it is still a good idea to talk to a real estate agent. The agent can guide you through the entire home buying process; he or she can provide and analyse data, answer questions, share professional expertise, and handle much of the real estate transaction. I am a real estate professional and have the know-how to help clients narrow down their purchase choices by sharing market trends and local information and offering accessible, clear and expert advice. Now that you have a better idea about what you're looking for, the next step is to determine how much you can afford to spend when buying a property. A review of your income, savings, monthly expenses and debt will be necessary to set an appropriate budget. An early step in the process is to gain pre-approval for a home loan. In sitting down with a mortgage professional you will also be able to get a better idea as to how much you can afford to spend on a property. Gaining pre-approval will enable you to move swiftly when you find the right home, especially when there are other interested buyers. Having mortgage pre-approval also indicates to the seller that you are serious and can afford to buy the property. Pre-approval for a mortgage is granted by a lender and tells you the amount you will be able to finance through a loan and what your monthly repayments will be. When you find a property to buy, this pre-approval reassures the seller that you have the financial means to purchase the home. Understanding how much you can afford is the first rule of home buying, and the amount depends on how much income and how much debt you have. It pays to visit several lenders before you start searching for a property to purchase. Alternatively, you can sit down with a mortgage broker, who should have access to a variety of different mortgage packages from many different lenders that will be appropriate for your circumstances. Every buyer is unique and a mortgage professional can help you to determine just how much you can afford. Your income and debts will typically play the biggest role in determining the appropriate price range. Make use of calculators that show what your repayments would be per month on a certain loan figure. Shop around for the loan that suits your lifestyle but always factor in the possibility of interest rate increases - could you still afford to make your repayments at a higher interest rate? When you buy a property, you're also investing in a community. You will likely spend a significant amount of time and money supporting the schools, community organisations and businesses in the surrounding areas. Before you make your final decision, make sure you have a good look at the location to ensure that it suits your needs. Evaluate the property's proximity to other important locations that you visit on a regular basis. How long will your commute to work be? Is there a hospital or doctor located nearby? Are you close to schools, child-care, shopping facilities, and family and friends? Consider all of your transportation options. Are you close to appropriate modes of public transport? It can be useful to take the time to drive from your potential new home to destinations to which you must commute to understand the time required and the impact the commute will have on your lifestyle. Visit and understand the schools in the area you will be moving to. Even if you don't have children now, you may some day. It is also possible that your proximity to schools could have an impact on the price of your future home should you decide to sell at a later date. Make sure you feel comfortable in the area. Drive/walk around the neighbourhood at different times of the day or night on both weekdays and weekends to observe activity and noise levels. Discovering noisy traffic conditions may have an impact on your decision to purchase a property. I am a real estate professional and am a expert in the entire Auckland area. Ask me for a list of schools, shopping centres, parks and other important amenities. Buying a new home or investment property is about more than just the physical property itself - it is about lifestyle as well. Buying a new home and selling an existing property at the same time can have its own set of challenges. But with planning you can ensure everything goes smoothly. Before putting your current home on the market or committing to buying a new one, you should consider the prices of properties in the areas in which you will be both buying and selling. You will need a realistic idea of sales prices for comparable properties so that you can assess both your buying and selling position. I can help you with this part by providing you with these details and to get an idea of what your home could be worth in the current market. What happens if you are unable to perfectly time the sale of one property with the purchase of another? You may find yourself in a temporary situation of not owning a property at all for a period of time, in which case you will need to find a temporary place to live. In this situation you will need to consider short-term housing possibilities, which could include staying with family and friends, or in a rental property. You may also need to look at how to store furniture and other wares. Alternatively, you may find yourself owning two properties at once, whereby you may need to look at financing options that allow you to pay a deposit on your new purchase before you have access to the funds required to pay for the property in full, which will become available once your previous property has successfully sold. Purchasing a second home (in addition to owning your first property) is not too different from buying your first property. Your ability to afford it usually depends on your ability to gain mortgage approval. The benefits of purchasing a second property include having a holiday getaway, a future retirement home, receiving rental payments which can be put towards paying off a mortgage, or adding to your investment portfolio. Many people see buying a second property as an investment opportunity. In order to make the purchase successfully you will need to identify funding sources for a deposit, as you won't be selling your current home and using the proceeds, and you will also be required to pay a large monthly amount to cover the mortgage repayments of both homes and other necessary expenses. Once you have a good idea about the features you require from a property you will be in a good position to start investigating potential purchase options. Such options can be found by visiting a real estate agency in the area in which you are interested, or by conducting a search online or in a newspaper. Once you have identified some properties of interest, you can contact the relevant real estate agent to arrange an inspection, or alternatively visit the property at the advertised public inspection time. After touring each property, note what you liked and didn't like about it. It may be helpful to develop a rating system that will help you to compare properties. For example, pick the property you like most on day one and compare all subsequent properties to it. Once you find a superior property, use this new favourite as the standard. Another way of approaching the research process is to appoint a buyer's agent to help you find a suitable property. This agent can represent your interests in a real estate transaction and can guide you through the process of identifying properties that meet your criteria. Before making a decision however, have a real estate agent explain the pros and cons of using a buyer's agent. Buying a property is one of the most important decisions you will ever make. For this reason it is in your best interests to choose an experienced real estate agent to work with who listens to and understands your needs, and has a thorough knowledge of the area in which you want to live or own property. When you work with me, you can trust you will be dealing with a professional who understands your concerns and will provide you with a level of personalised service that makes the buying process that bit easier. The global Harcourts Real Estate network will help you to navigate the life changes that real estate decisions can bring. What should you expect from your first meeting with me? I will typically talk to you about the neighbourhood in which you want to live, dwelling values, schools, transportation, and the surrounding commercial and residential areas. Purchasing your first home can be a daunting experience and is most likely the largest financial commitment you have made thus far. Although the initial outlay may seem like a lot, by paying off a mortgage each month you are actually building equity and essentially setting yourself up for the rest of your life. The first step to buying your first property is to save for the money for a deposit. Depending on your current spending patterns, this could be quite an easy or difficult task. There are countless tips on how to cut back on your expenditure, including creating a budget, using cash instead of credit and paying off your credit card in full each month to avoid paying interest, however you will find that what is really needed is often an attitude change whereby your focus changes to simply saving as much as you can. First home buyers should try to do as much research as possible. When buying a property it is essential to be aware of all the costs involved beyond the property itself. There are usually legal fees, home loan application fees that must be paid and thus factored into your budget. Be aware that these costs may have an impact on the amount you can afford to spend on the actual property. Although the process of buying your first home can sometimes prove to be a stressful time, try to enjoy it. You have worked hard and may have sacrificed much to save the money to get to this point and you should be very proud of your new purchase. As like a home purchase, preparation is paramount when buying an investment property and a great deal of homework is required to ensure you capitalise on your purchase. The rental market is a serious consideration when determining where to purchase an investment property. By speaking to local real estate agents in locations where you are interested in purchasing you should be able to get a better idea of local factors that may influence your decision, including vacancy rates and average rental prices. When buying an investment property it is important to keep in mind factors that will be attractive to potential tenants. These can include closeness to transportation, shops, education facilities and common working locations (such as CBD areas). As well as tenant appeal, location is also an important consideration for ensuring capital gain and return on investment. Investors could do well to research areas that remain relatively viable to buy into, yet are still experiencing growth in values. Another prime consideration for investors often concerns whether to purchase a house or an apartment. The difference between the two dwelling types is usually financially significant. Often an apartment could be a better option than a house for investment purposes given that an apartment may require less maintenance. However, apartments could require investors to pay various strata levies and body corporate fees, and will generally achieve less capital growth than houses.

"An online store can have the best products and marketing in the industry, but if the design doesn’t build user trust, it will bleed revenue". This one sentence sums up this article and should be the first thought of the day for every e-commerce manager. Once you have developed a great product, make sure you are presenting it in the best format possible.

Until recently cosmologists could not explain why elliptical galaxies did not appear to have dark matter haloes surrounding them, which is known to exist in other types of galaxies. Analyzing data from a simulation performed on one of the most advanced supercomputers in the world, an Israeli cosmologist showed that the existing model of elliptical galaxies was wrong, proving that dark matter was there all along. The research that started the debate was published in 2003 in the journal Science by Aaron J. Romanowsky and his colleagues. In that article Romanowsky claimed that he found a surprising fact: dark matter, which is thought to be surrounding galaxies across the universe, is absent from one type of galaxy known as an "elliptical" (or rounded) galaxy. Romanowsky's research puzzled physicists since, until that time, it was commonly thought that dark matter surrounds every galaxy in the universe and causes the further stars in each galaxy to move much faster then they would have normally. Avishai Dekel, Professor of Physics at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, decided to address this cosmological puzzle. Drawing on highly advanced computer simulations he was able to calculate that, contrary to the 2003 paper, the stars in the outskirts of elliptical galaxies do not move slower than those in spiral galaxies. This suggests the existence of dark matter haloes surrounding elliptical galaxies similar to those surrounding spiral galaxies. The reason why Romanowsky and his team believed elliptical galaxies do not posses dark matter haloes was because of observations which showed a slow movement of stars at the outskirts of elliptical galaxies contrary to the fast moving stars at the outskirts of spiral galaxies. The velocity of distant stars is measured using an effect called red shift (the reddening of light from a star that is moving away from us). The limitation of this method is that it is only possible to measure the component of velocity which is along the observer's line of sight. This limitation would not be a problem if the orbits of the observed stars in the elliptical galaxies were randomly oriented with respect to the line of sight, as it was commonly assumed. However, the analysis performed by Professor Dekel and his team showed that the stars in elliptical galaxies that are farthest from the center are likely to be moving in elongated, eccentric orbits in such a way that most of their motion is perpendicular to the line of sight. Therefore, they could be moving at high velocities without exhibiting much motion toward or away from the observers. This phenomenon is the result of the way elliptical galaxies are formed as a violent merger of two spiral galaxies. ''In the merger process that produces these galaxies, a lot of the stars get flung out to fairly large distances, and they end up in highly elongated orbits that take them far away and then back, close to the center,'' explains Dekel. Professor Dekel's research was based on simulations carried out by fellow researchersat the University of California, Santa Cruz. The simulations were conducted using the third fastest supercomputer in the worldthe NASA Columbia supercomputerwhich became operational in 2004. The Colombia supercomputer is built with 10,240 Intel Itanium 2 processors running at 1.5 gigahertz with 20 terabytes of shared memory and 10 petabytes (10 million gigabytes) of shared storage space. This behemoth was used to calculate the violent collision and merger of the spiral galaxies that lead to the formation of the elliptical galaxies. The existence of dark matter was first suggested in the early 1930's by the Swiss physicist Fritz Zwicky who calculated that the radial velocities of eight galaxies was 400 times greater than that expected by the shared gravity of luminous matter in those galaxies. The explanation given by Zwicky to his extraordinary find was to suggest the existence of what he called "dark matter", or matter which cannot be directly observed but can be inferred indirectly by its gravitational influence on visible matter. Analogously, imagine a caveman, who never saw a modern city, looking at New York at night. Naturally he will assume that New York is just a collection of light sources since all he can see is a variety of bright dots. Just like New York, space has much more then meets the eye. Since the 1930's more and more evidence accumulated in support of the dark matter theory. Since the 1970's several different explanations were suggested by physicists in order to explain the nature of dark matter. One suggestion was that dark matter is basically just a large amount of ordinary matter also called Baryonic matter which consists of protons and neutrons. Various forms of Baryonic matter were suggested in order to account for the dark matter in the universe: black holes, neutron stars, brown dwarfs and even planets were all possible candidates. But a more intriguing option for the missing matter in the universe was also suggest by physicistsNon-Baryonic matter. Two distinct forms of Non-Baryonic matter were proposedhot Non-Baryonic matter and cold Non-Baryonic matter. Hot Non-Baryonic matter is made of particles moving very fast, such as neutrinos, cold Non-Baryonic matter is possibly composed of what is known as WIMPS or weakly interacting massive particles. In 2001 NASA launched the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP). Apart from calculating the age and size of the universe more accurately than ever before, WMAP also helped scientists to understand the composition of the universe more clearly and its findings only served to aggravate the already problematic dark matter question. WMAP discovered (with about 5% margin of error) that the universe is composed of 4% ordinary matter, 23% of an unknown type of dark matter, and 73% of an even more mysterious dark energy.

How can I delete entries from the guest book? You can delete entries from your guest book by logging on and going to 'guest book' in your personal admin area. You can delete entries from the overview, just click on the rubbish bin.

Injuries sustained during sporting events, either as a participant or a spectator, are quite common. However, lawsuits for these injuries are not always successful because participation in many sports carries a risk of injury, and that the participant usually assumes that risk. What does "assumption of risk" mean? Assumption of risk means that you may not be able to recover damages for an injury resulting from someone else’s actions if you voluntarily assumed the risk of harm when engaging in a particular activity. If I sign a waiver before participating in a sports event, do I have any recourse if I am injured? Your ability to sue and win depends on several factors. Was the language in the waiver that released the other party from liability conspicuous? Did you understand what the waiver meant when you signed it? Did you have enough time to read it before you signed it? Basically, the waiver should be fair and reasonable. The exculpatory language should be easy to understand and should stand out in the document; it should not be in fine, hard-to-read print. Before signing the waiver, you should be able to read and understand it; you should not be rushed into signing it. TIP: Make sure you carefully read and understand any waiver before signing it. If a particular clause does not make sense to you, you should ask to have it explained. I injured my leg skiing. Will the ski resort pay my medical bills? It depends on the cause of your injury. Generally, skiing has an inherent risk of injury, and you assume that risk every time you hit the slopes. This means that if you are injured because you ran into a tree (which you possibly could have avoided) or fell because you did not know how to stop, the ski resort is not liable for your injury because those types of injuries are inherent in the sport of skiing. However, the ski resort must not increase your risk of injury by improperly maintaining the slopes. What does this mean? If the cause of your injury was, for example, an improperly placed sign, or one that was not visible to you, the ski resort is liable. Are reckless skiers liable for their actions? Yes. Reckless skiers can be held civilly and criminally liable for injuries to others. If they are civilly liable (e.g., negligent), they will have to pay damages. If they are criminally liable, they will probably pay a fine and face possible imprisonment. A foul ball hit my son at a baseball game. Can I sue the team or stadium for his injuries? No. By attending the baseball game, your son assumed the risk of being hit by a ball during the game. Depending on his age, you might be able to argue that he did not understand the nature of that risk, but it is not a very strong argument. If my golf ball leaves the course and breaks a picture window, will I have to pay to replace it? No. You are not liable for injuries to persons or property that are outside of your line of play. A picture window (presumably one on a house alongside the golf course) is not within your line of play, and therefore you are not liable for its replacement. Does yelling "fore" on the golf course protect me from a lawsuit if my ball hits someone? Yes. When playing golf, golfers must exercise care toward the safety of nearby persons from being hit with a ball (this duty does not apply to persons outside the golfer’s line of play). This is usually done by yelling out a warning ("fore") either before hitting the ball, or after the ball is hit if it appears to be errant (i.e., a stray ball). If the ball hits another person, and the golfer had yelled out an adequate warning, he will not be liable for the injury. Are the "male-only" tee times at my golf club illegal? Yes. Gender discrimination at golf country clubs is illegal, and male-only tee times are discriminatory toward women.

There are three main things to keep in mind as you plan a remodel with green intentions: materials, resource consumption, and design sustainability. These three elements work together to create a sustainable, eco-friendly remodeling project. A green remodel should try to use as many eco-friendly products as possible. Choose long-lasting and toxin-free materials that are sustainably produced, found, or recycled. Fabrication: The way a product is produced is where its sustainability starts. Look for products made from renewable materials that were sustainably harvested or manufactured. Choose local or regional manufacturers that use renewable energy for production and don’t require long shipping distances. Longevity. A sustainable product has superior quality and construction that will help it last for a long time. Products are also more sustainable when they can be repaired instead of replaced when they malfunction. Choose easily repairable products for which replacement parts will be available for years to come. Toxin-free materials. Choose products with low-VOC finishes that won’t off-gas once they’re installed in your home. Low-maintenance products that don’t need regular refinishing or resealing are easier to take care of and don’t require the application of chemical products for maintenance. Long-term sustainability. An eco-friendly material can help make the entire home more sustainable. A material like a dual-flushing toilet becomes a permanent fixture in the home that saves water on a daily basis for years to come. A remodel is an opportunity to implement features that lower a home’s resource consumption and monthly and long-term operating costs. Before you remodel, think about how you can implement materials, features, and designs that save resources in one or more of the following areas. Lighting: Add natural light with a window, skylight, or solar tube. Switch to dimmable LED fixtures and add task lighting in high-use rooms to reduce energy consumption. Water. Switch to low-flow fixtures and replace outdated appliances with water-saving models. Consider systems that collect rainwater or filter and reuse household water. Install drip irrigation in landscaping. Replace water heaters with tankless units. Heating/cooling. Can you convert your HVAC to a system that consumes fewer resources by installing a heat pump or ductless units? A sustainable design is a universal one that appeals to a wide range of users in both style and use. Universal designs are less likely to need future remodeling because they lean toward established conventions rather than passing trends. An eco-friendly remodel is one that chooses long-lasting, universally appealing designs that will save on future resources by requiring little to no alterations down the road. Keep these three elements in mind during your next home remodel, and hire a contractor that’s committed to sustainability like Murray Lampert Design, Build, Remodel. This is a great opportunity to do our part to reverse the impact modern living has on the environment while keeping construction on the forefront of progress and innovation.

What are the main points of purchasing a high-speed mixer? 1. For materials with finer grain size, special attention should be paid to the sealing of production equipment, and the residual amount should be carefully considered. For example, when mixing flour with a two-axis paddle-free gravity mixer, a 90° full-length large-opening door, a spray self-cleaning system, a slanting discharge door and a shaft end gas seal structure are simultaneously selected to better ensure the seal and Reducing the residue, and replacing the return air duct with the upper bag air exhaust to prevent the fine flour from being sprayed from the return air pipe too much during mixing. Second, for materials with different specific gravity, high-speed mixer equipment, in addition to structural strength and power, its production parameters such as discharge gate, rotor, body and other structural forms and even rotational speed are often quite different, can not simply look at it For local enhancement or power scaling. For example, a ribbon blender hops generally adopts a double-headed double-belt wide ribbon, while a mixed iron-red powder is usually a single-layer staggered spiral ribbon, and the remaining structures of the two are also significantly different, and the rotational speed difference is also large. Third, multi-faceted consideration of the impact of other special physical properties on the selection of equipment. For materials with poor fluidity or liquid addition, the coulter, flying knife, crushing roller and other mechanisms with strong shear mixing effect can be reasonably selected according to the specific conditions; the mechanism with faster wear should be wear-resistant or designed. It can be adjusted and replaced; the equipment that needs to be cleaned frequently due to material bonding should be provided with self-cleaning device and convenient and quick cleaning door; if the shape or particle state is not allowed to destroy the material, it is suitable to use the container rotary mixer. Mainly rely on convection mixing and diffusion mixing and mixing process softer equipment and so on. 4. For the high-speed mixer of materials that require heating or accompanying chemical reactions, in addition to selecting the appropriate material and temperature control structure, it is also necessary to pay attention to the influence of temperature changes on the equipment mechanism itself. If the discharge door adopts a small opening door structure, if it is necessary to use a large opening door structure, it is necessary to adopt a discharge structure such as a slanting type discharge door with automatic compensation capability, so as to avoid the reliability of the sealing due to the heat deformation of the discharge part. At the same time, the equipment such as the main shaft and the rotor should be designed to take the necessary line expansion compensation measures.

PHILADELPHIA (CNN) -- Democrats kick off their convention Monday under the cloud of party chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz's resignation and Donald Trump's 6 point bounce coming out of last week's GOP convention. The big question as the convention gavels in at 4 p.m. ET: Will Wasserman Schultz address her fellow Democrats? And if so, will she be booed, even if she's only present for a brief three minute speech? It will be an early bit of drama ahead of a convention lineup that's packed with star power -- with two presidents, a vice president and the first lady serving as warm-up acts for Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine. Clinton's primary rival, Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, will have his moment -- with his 1,900 delegates to cheer him on. The speech is all the more important due to the DNC email controversy and will be watched closely for how Sanders addresses any intra-party issues. Sanders is one of several headliners on the first day's prime-time lineup. Also on the list: First lady Michelle Obama, who's expected to speak about the role the president plays in the lives of American children in shaping their values and aspirations -- and how she sees Clinton as best to fill that role. Later in the evening, Bill Clinton, the first of two former presidents to address the convention, will make the case for his wife's election. The theme of the day, though, will be driven by the "Mothers of the Movement" -- a group of speakers that includes the mothers of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland and more, all men and women who died in police custody or as a result of police actions. Trayvon Martin's mother, whose son died at the hands of neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman, will also speak. President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden will both be on hand to make their case for Clinton -- potentially overshadowing the rest of the evening's roster. But also introducing himself to the nation Wednesday night will be Kaine, just days after being tapped by Clinton as her running mate. He's a former Richmond mayor, Virginia governor and senator, and Democratic National Committee chairman, but he's never run nationally before. Clinton will accept the Democratic nomination and deliver one of the biggest speeches of her political life -- on par with declaring in China that "women's rights are human rights" and more important than her 2008 concession speech in which she declared she'd placed "18 million cracks" in the glass ceiling. She'll take a page from Trump's book in doing so. Retired Gen. John Allen, who led the war in Afghanistan, will also be among the night's marquee speakers.

Alexandre-Pierre Georges "Sacha" Guitry (French: [gitʁi]; 21 February 1885 – 24 July 1957) was a French stage actor, film actor, director, screenwriter, and playwright of the Boulevard theatre. He was the son of a leading French actor, Lucien Guitry, and followed his father into the theatrical profession. He became known for his stage performances, often in boulevardier roles, in the many plays he wrote, of which there were more than 120. He was married five times, always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered. Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932. Guitry's plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies. Some have musical scores, by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn. When silent films became popular Guitry avoided them, finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact. From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema, making as many as five films in a single year. The later years of Guitry's career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War. The charges were dismissed, but Guitry, a strongly patriotic man, was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots. By the time of his death his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris. Guitry was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, Russia, the third son of the French actors Lucien Guitry and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest (1858–1902). The couple had eloped, in the face of family disapproval, and were married at St Martin in the Fields, London, in 1882. They then moved to the Russian capital, where Lucien ran the French theatre company, the Théâtre Michel, from 1882 to 1891. The marriage was brief. Guitry senior was a persistent adulterer, and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888. Two of their sons died in infancy (one in 1883 and the other in 1887); the other surviving son, Jean (1884–1920) became an actor and journalist. The family's Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierre's name to the Russian diminutive "Sacha", by which he was known all his life. The young Sacha made his stage debut in his father's company at the age of five. Lucien Guitry, considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin, was immensely successful, both critically and commercially. When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot, overlooking the Place Vendôme. and the Rue de la Paix. The young Sacha lived there, and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement. He did not stay long there, and went to a succession of other schools, both secular and religious, before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen. After giving up school Guitry embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page, with a score by Ludo Ratz, premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902. Eighteen months later he joined his father's company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance. At first he appeared under the stage name "Lorcey"; the pseudonym deceived no-one, as the press immediately announced the debutant's real identity. His first role was in L'Escalier, by Maurice Donnay in November 1904. He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as Guitry's lack of professionalism. In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another. A member of Lucien Guitry's company was a young actress, Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune, whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès (1877–1956). In April 1905 she and Sacha set up home together in the rue d'Anjou (now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré). For her he wrote his play, Le KWTZ, premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins. In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins. When the leading man in Guitry's 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over, and in the words of a critic, "proved to be his own definitive interpreter". The pattern of his career was set: he remained an actor-author, and later manager, for the rest of his life. For the next five years Guitry's plays were, at best, moderate successes, but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit (1911), Un Beau mariage (1912), Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom (1912), La Pèlerine écossaise (1912), and Les Deux converts (1914), the last of which was staged by the Comédie Française. In 1915, Guitry made his first cinema film,[n 1] Ceux de chez nous ("Those of our home"), a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day, including Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Auguste Rodin, Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns. He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film, regarding dialogue as the essence of drama; he did not make a full-length film until 1935. In 1915 he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps, with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce. Guitry started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies. Guitry was reconciled with his father in 1918. Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps, including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit l'histoire. They played together not only in Paris, but in the West End of London. All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920. Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband "returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage." Guitry developed a charming, witty stage persona, often appearing in period-dress light comedies, for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart, about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris. To compose the score he approached André Messager, with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps, L'amour masqué. Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn, who accepted the commission. The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy, but it proved highly popular. Printemps, in a breeches role, played and sang the young Mozart, with Guitry as the composer's patron, Baron Grimm. Gielgud recalled, "she seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig, black knee breeches and buckled shoes, while Sacha hovered over her with avuncular authority, not attempting to try to sing himself, but contributing a kind of flowing, rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches, delivered in a deep caressing voice." After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII, the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926. [n 2] After the London production, Guitry and Printemps took the piece to Broadway, Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927. They returned to the US and Canada in 1929. In 1931, Guitry was awarded the Legion of Honour, and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet, with dishes named after some of his greatest successes. Later in 1932 his marriage to Printemps broke up. He took a six-month break from the theatre, returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne, which co-starred his new protégée, Jacqueline Delubac, whom he married on his fiftieth birthday. During the 1930s he turned his attention once more to the cinema, as writer, director and star, while not neglecting his theatrical career. Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone Guitry made five films and also wrote five plays. Among the latter was his hundredth play, Le Mot de Cambronne. In 1938 Guitry wrote a one-act play, Dieu sauve le roi, to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace. When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year Guitry wrote a short comedy in English, You're Telling Me, in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it. As the war approached, Guitry managed to do something which would be of far greater significance. On 16 August 1939, when visiting London Guitry smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park. His next play, Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac, who, in Morley's phrase, "could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic". Within months of her leaving him he married for a fourth time; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville, who had been in the cast of his London play. Guitry's career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France. He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis. Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy. He conceived his book and associated film, De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne d'Arc à Philippe Pétain ("1429 to 1942, or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain") as a tribute to France's past glories, but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France, Marshal Pétain. In 1944 Guitry's fourth wife left him. In 1942 Guitry was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war, or tried after it. On the liberation of France, Guitry was among the first arrested, by a self-appointed militia. He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy, and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home. He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration, but the experience left him disillusioned. In 1947 Guitry married for the fifth and last time; he was sixty-two and his bride, Lana Marconi, was twenty-eight. He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948, when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux. For the London season in 1953, celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II, Guitry starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien, messieurs, a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman, played (in English) by Heather Thatcher. Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu. He continued to make films until 1957, when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system. Guitry died in Paris at the age of seventy-two. Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin, and he was buried, like his father, in the Cimetière de Montmartre, Paris. Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of Guitry's films. In 2011, an auction of Guitry memorabilia, including manuscripts, drawings, paintings and photographs, was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris; with more than eight hundred items, it was considered the most important collection of material relating to Guitry since the playwright's death. It may be objected that in all the work of Sacha Guitry there is nothing nearer to idealism than an occasional pretty fancy in sentiment – a sentiment which was always entirely mundane and as entirely selfish as sentiment can well be. It may be objected that characters are nearly always trivial. and their motives at least sensual when they are not base; that his world is inhabited by an idle, cynical, and pretty disreputable crew; that he is obviously contemptuous of his audience, and that his plays are composed with a carelessness which argues a very frail artistic conscience, while literary purists can prove that the language in which they are written is execrable French. It may be objected that all he did as an author was to exploit, with some agility and discretion, his own limited gifts as a performer and the gifts, also limited, of his five successive wives – although the success of Le Blanc et le Noir and other plays, in which neither he nor any of his wives acted, is enough to disprove this last charge. Indeed, there are answers to many of the objections which have been made. For instance, Pasteur and Un Sujet de Roman are based on themes by no means trivial and are developed with sincerity and power. At the same time, most of the objections are well founded, and it is with all the weight of their truth against him that Sacha Guitry remained a great artist. ^ The previous year he had made a film for his family, Oscar rencontre Mlle Mamageot; it lasted less than four minutes and remained unpublished. ^ The critic James Agate wrote, "It is not exaggerating to say that on Monday evening people were observed to cry, and by that I mean shed tears, when Music's heavenly child appeared at the top of the stairs. At that moment of her entrance this exquisite artist made conquest of the house, and subsequently held it in thrall until the final curtain." ^ deRochemont, Richard (24 August 1942). "The French Underground". LIFE. Keit, Alain (1999). Le cinéma de Sacha Guitry. Liege: Céfal. ISBN 2871300704. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sacha Guitry. This page was last edited on 20 March 2019, at 10:56 (UTC).

Life on Europa? The moon with life in a subsurface ocean? This moon of Jupiter might have life in a subsurface ocean. Life on Europa: Water from a subsurface ocean on Jupiter's moon, Europa, could reach the surface through seeps or erupt from hot water vents. This water would reveal the chemistry of the subsurface ocean and may contain microbes that live below. Artist's concept image by NASA / JPL. Subsurface structure of Europa: This image shows the internal structure of Europa. It has an icy crust supported by a subsurface ocean. Below that is the rocky layer surrounding an iron core. Image by NASA / JPL. For the past several centuries, everyone believed that Mars was the most likely body in our solar system to support life beyond Earth. But after centuries of telescope observation, decades of spacecraft exploration, and several robots exploring its surface, the promise of discovering life on Mars remains elusive. Now, scientific attention is being focused on Europa, the fourth-largest of Jupiter's 67 confirmed moons. It may be an even better candidate for finding life than Mars. For life to be present the three basic requirements are: 1) liquid water; 2) chemical building blocks; and, 3) a source of energy. Europa is thought to have all three. The surface of Europa is very cold and covered with ice. This ice forms a "crust" on the moon that is thought to be several kilometers thick. Beneath the crust, a subsurface ocean of liquid water up to 100 kilometers deep is thought to exist. Investigators believe that the ocean is rich in dissolved ions, particularly magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chlorine. Organisms on Earth live in ion-rich solutions, so there is a good chance that they live in them on Europa. Video: Europa - Cool Destination for Life, produced by NASA / JPL News. Spacecraft observations determined that the surface of Europa is covered with water ice. That ice and other materials on Europa's surface are bombarded with radiation from Jupiter that could alter them into some of the chemical building blocks of life. These include: free oxygen (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). If these compounds reach the subsurface ocean, they can be valuable nutrients to start and sustain life. The ocean water can react with the rocks and minerals of the subsurface ocean's floor to liberate other nutrients to support life. Video: The Europa-Jupiter System Mission, produced by NASA / JPL News. Video: Hubble Directly Images Possible Plumes on Europa, produced by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson. Europa's position in space is within the powerful gravitational field of Jupiter. This strong gravitational "pull" has the moon locked into an orbit with one hemisphere constantly facing Jupiter. The elliptical orbit takes Europa alternatively closer to and farther away from the planet. This alternating increase and decrease of gravitational force on Europa results in the moon elongating and relaxing with each trip around the planet. This internal movement, combined with gravitational forces exerted by neighboring moons, produces internal friction and heat within Europa. Europa's internal heat could be the energy source that keeps the subsurface ocean from freezing and sustains any life that exists there. There could be hot water vents on the floor of the subsurface ocean that deliver energy and nutrients from the planet's interior. Organisms on Earth have been discovered in the subglacial lakes of Antarctica and in the hot ion-rich waters of hydrothermal vents. Life in Europa's subsurface oceans could be supported in similar ways. Europa from Galileo: An image of the trailing hemisphere of Europa. It shows very few impact structures but numerous ridges and fractures that suggest a rigid crust moving over a mobile layer below. Image by NASA. NASA gives three pieces of evidence that strongly support the presence of Europa's subsurface ocean. 1) Magnetometer surveys done by the Galileo spacecraft discovered an induced magnetic field near Europa's surface. This suggests a large body of conductive material (salty water) at a depth of 30 kilometers (about 20 miles) or less. 2) The surface of Europa has bands, ridges, fractures and multi-ringed impact structures that suggest the presence of mobile material below. 3) The surface of Europa has large-scale fractures and ridges similar to those that bound Earth's tectonic plates. These suggest a mobile layer below Europa's crust that supports the crust and allows it to move. A Window into Europa's Ocean Right at the Surface: Website article by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, March 2013. Europa & Titan: Moons With Life?: Article from the Earthguide section of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego website, last accessed October 2016. Europa Could Have the Ingredients Needed for Life: Article from the NASA website, March 2013. What Makes Us Think There is an Ocean Beneath Europa's Icy Crust?: Article from the NASA website, March 2013. The presence of magnesium compounds on the surface of Europa suggests that water from the subsurface ocean reaches the surface through springs or vents. If this occurs these eruptions would deliver up ions and microbes from the ocean below. So, if there is life in Europa's subsurface ocean, it could be scattered about the surface of the planet where landers or rovers might find it. A mission to the surface of the Europa might easily find evidence of life or even some of the microbes by sampling surface materials. This makes Europa a very interesting target in the search for extraterrestrial life. Some researchers believe that it is a much better target than Mars.

The novel idea of using PBR instead white wine for a fondue night in Golden, Colo., birthed this fun and appetizing recipe. After the first run, I realized how amazing this tasted and the next logical step for me would be to turn this recipe into an infused one. This is the perfect recipe to try while visiting a legal marijuana state because it is easily prepared. This recipe is designed for you to pick what type of strain you want that will pair well with the cheeses listed below. I would recommend running to your local dispensary and picking up one of these strains as a bubble hash: Exodus Cheese, Buddha’s Sister, Sweet Cheese, Cheese, Platinum Cheese or Big Buddha Cheese. The earthy yet sweet and cheesy/funky tones of the strains mentioned above really will bring out the flavors of the cheese and the PBR. The cannabis plant is a cousin to hops plant, which is used to make beer. The beautiful flavors of the hops and cannabis dance well together on your tongue creating a most savory meal when combined with Gruyere and Swiss cheeses. The beauty of this recipe is that you can eat as much as you want and have a very comfortable buzz that will float with you. This fondue is best suited for consumption during the evening so that you can enjoy time spent with friends reflecting on a day of fun or while enjoying a dinner party. To decarboxylize your cannabis bubble hash of choice, preheat your oven to 220° F. Spread the bubble hash out evenly onto a baking sheet. Place into the oven and bake for 25 minutes. In a fondue pot, add most of the PBR, reserving 4 tablespoons in a ramekin. Add the decarboxylized bubble hash to the beer. In a ramekin, gently warm the PBR reserve, add in the cornstarch and stir until completely dissolved. Add this to the fondue pot. When this mixture begins to bubble but not boil, slowly and gradually add in the cheeses while constantly stirring. Once all of the cheese has melted, add in the fresh squeezed lemon juice then season to taste with garlic and cracked pepper. Continue to constantly stir in a figure eight motion, until all of the ingredients have come together. Before serving, season with more cracked pepper to taste. Cut up a fresh French baguette, slice a few Gala apples, cut up some sweet bell peppers, and even throw some broccoli into the mix. If you want more protein, add in meats such as grilled sausage, ham, hard salami, grilled chicken or your favorite cut of grilled steak. This recipe serves six people depending on how hungry you are. Enjoy! Dosing: 3.5 grams of bubble hash equates into roughly 300mg THC. Shared by six people evenly this is roughly 0.58mg or a little over 50mg each.

My 17 year old son, who has had diabetes since he was 7 months old, wants a tattoo. I heard somewhere that the dyes travel through the kidneys. Is there any danger of damage to the kidneys of a diabetic person from a tattoo? The dye from a tattoo would stay under the skin. The major risk factor would be if the tattoo were not done in a clean place in an aseptic manner. This could put your son at risk for a skin infection. These are factors that need to be addressed, along with monitoring afterwards to look for high sugars, which could be the first signs of an infection.

Making corned beef for St. Patrick's Day? Here are nine ways to enjoy this comforting classic, from traditional corned beef and cabbage to next-day corned beef and fontina sandwiches. Chilling the corned beef overnight allows it to become even more flavorful before it's shredded for the hash. You'll need to plan ahead for this one: The classic recipe takes at least eight days to brine, which tenderizes the meat and infuses it with plenty of flavor. St. Patrick's Day in a flash: A zesty glaze makes corned beef from the supermarket deli your own. Make these gooey sandwiches with St. Patrick's Day leftovers. Serve with dill pickles and plenty of coleslaw. Simmer corned beef with beer, citrus, and spices to make a broth you'll want to drink by the bowlful. A quick dried-chile salsa adds heat to this rich, meaty hash. This corned beef is made in a slow cooker, which means it couldn't be easier to throw together. Use leftover corned beef to enrich this earthy-sweet soup.

Equine healthcare products are the drugs, vaccines and supplemental feed additives used for the therapeutics purposes for the equine (horses, foals, mares etc.) species. The global equine healthcare market is driven by the undying trend of horse-racing, high incidence of equine infections, and global animal health development management programs. The market is likely to face a challenge from the decreasing population of equine species in worldwide. Rising demand for pet insurance will open up new avenues for the global equine healthcare market to grow in the near future. According to the report, the global equine healthcare market is likely to expand at a CAGR of 4.2% from 2017 to 2025, rising to an estimated valuation of US$862.7 mn in 2025. Based on product type, the equine healthcare market has been segmented into drugs, vaccines and supplemental feed additives. The drugs segment is anticipated to hold the largest share in 2016, followed by vaccines and supplemental feed additives, owing to high market requirements of drugs for the treatments of equines. By drugs type, the anti-infectives sub-segment is expected to hold the largest share in 2016, followed by anti-inflammatory, parasiticides and others sub-segments, owing to high incidence of infections among equines and strong efficacy of anti-infective drugs to cure the infectious diseases occurring in equines. In terms of vaccines type, the inactivated sub-segment is anticipated to hold the largest share in 2016, followed by live attenuated, recombinant and others sub-segments, as inactivated vaccines are considered as the safest and show strong efficacy over types of vaccines. By supplemental feed additives type, the minerals and vitamins sub-segments are estimated to hold significant shares in 2016 followed by proteins and amino acids, enzymes and others, due to the high requirements of minerals and vitamins as nutritional supplements for equines. Geographically, the global equine healthcare market is divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa regions. The North America and Europe equine healthcare markets are expected to grow during the forecast period due to the significant adoption rate of equines per households, high interest in equine care, impressive animal healthcare expenditure, and strong business operation of the brand companies in these two regions. The Asia Pacific equine healthcare market is expected to hold the third largest share in 2016 but anticipated to increase with the highest rate during the forecast period due to the emerging trend of equine care, rising focus on animal healthcare, increased expenditure on healthcare products for animals, and the increased popularity of racing sports. High incidence rate of equine infections such as Potomac horse fever, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis is the primary reason to navigate the Latin America equine healthcare market during the forecast period. The Middle East and Africa equine healthcare market is the least contributor in the global equine healthcare market due to less population of horses in Middle East region and nominal animal healthcare expenditure in the region. Some of the most prominent players in the global equine healthcare market are Bayer AG (Bayer Animal Health), Boehringer Ingelheim, Ceva Santé Animale, Sanofi (Merial), Eli Lilly and Company (Elanco), Equine Products UK Ltd, Merck & Co. (Merck Animal Health), Purina Animal Nutrition LLC., Vetoquinol S.A., and Zoetis.

What should I wear the day of the exercise stress test? The exercise stress test -- also called a stress test, exercise electrocardiogram, treadmill test, graded exercise test, or stress ECG -- is a test used to provide information about how the heart responds to exertion. It usually involves walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike at increasing levels of difficulty, while your electrocardiogram, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored. Stress echocardiogram: An echocardiogram (often called "echo") is a graphic outline of the heart's movement. A stress echo can accurately visualize the motion of the heart's walls and pumping action when the heart is stressed; it may reveal a lack of blood flow that isn't always apparent on other heart tests. Do not drink or eat foods containing caffeine for 12 hours before the test. Caffeine will interfere with the results of your test. Do not take the following heart medications on the day of your test unless your doctor tells you otherwise, or if the medication is needed to treat chest discomfort the day of the test: Isosorbide dinitrate (for example, Isordil, Dilatrate SR); Isosorbide mononitrate (for example, ISMO, Imdur, Monoket); Nitroglycerin (for example, Deponit, Nitrostat, Nitro-bid). Your doctor may also ask you to stop taking other heart medications on the day of your test. If you have any questions about your medications, ask your doctor. Do not discontinue any medication without first talking with your doctor. If you use an inhaler for your breathing, please bring it to the test. If you take insulin to control your blood sugar, ask your doctor what amount of your medication you should take the day of the test. Often, you will take only half of your usual morning dose and eat a light meal 4 hours before the test. If you take pills to control your blood sugar, do not take your medication until after the test is complete. If you own a glucose monitor, bring it with you to check your blood sugar levels before and after your exercise stress test. If you think that your blood sugar is low, tell the lab personnel immediately. Plan to eat and take your blood sugar medication following your stress test. On the day of your stress test, wear soft-soled shoes suitable for walking and comfortable clothes. Do not bring valuables. First, during a stress test, a technician will gently clean 10 small areas on your chest and place electrodes (small, flat, sticky patches) on these areas. The electrodes are attached to an electrocardiograph monitor (ECG or EKG) that charts your heart's electrical activity during the test. Learn the causes, symptoms, and treatments of the common heart abnormality known as atrial fibrillation (A-fib). Coronary angiogram is an angiogram (an X-ray image of blood vessels filled with contrast material) used to diagnose coronary artery disease responsible for heart attacks, strokes, angina, and other coronary artery diseases. Coronary angiogram assists the physician in diagnosing and recommending treatment for coronary artery disease.

This table lists the international rankings of Chad, in all categories that are published in the CIA World Factbook, and those that we derived from them. Additional international rankings of Chad, can be found in the main country ranks menu. Telephones - main lines in use 149 23,600 2014 est. Budget expenditures 149 $2,163,000,000 2016 est. Budget revenues 148 $1,626,000,000 2016 est. Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) 74 -5.10 2016 est. Commercial bank prime lending rate (%) 31 15.50 31 Dec 2016 est. Current account balance 121 -$907,000,000 2016 est. Debt - external 153 $1,875,000,000 31 Dec 2016 est. Distribution of family income - Gini index 43 43.3 2011 est. Exports 114 $4,053,000,000 2016 est. GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services (%) 123 25.30 2016 est. GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption (%) 135 4.40 2016 est. GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption (%) 59 71.40 2016 est. GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services (%) 54 -32.30 2016 est. GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital (%) 28 30.80 2016 est. GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture (%) 5 53.00 2016 est. GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry (%) 151 12.80 2016 est. GDP - composition, by sector of origin – services(%) 176 34.20 2016 est. GDP - official exchange rate 127 $13,590,000,000 2013 est. GDP - per capita (PPP) 163 $2,600 2016 est. GDP - purchasing power parity 130 $30,590,000,000 2016 est. GDP - real growth rate (%) 73 -1.10 2016 est. Gross national saving (% of GPD) 80 18.40 2016 est. Imports 138 $3,075,000,000 2016 est. Industrial production growth rate (%) 82 -5.00 2016 est. Inflation rate(consumer prices) (%) 51 3.80 2016 est. Labor force 73 5,457,000 2016 est. Labor force - by occupation – agriculture (%) 8 80.00 2006 est. Labor force - by occupation – services (%) 131 20.00 2006 est. Population below poverty line (%) 1 80.00 2001 est. Public debt (% of GPD) 115 35.40 2016 est. Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 137 $627,500,000 31 Dec 2016 est. Stock of broad money 157 $1,976,000,000 31 Dec 2014 est. Stock of domestic credit 154 $1,324,000,000 31 Dec 2016 est. Stock of narrow money 136 $1,741,000,000 31 Dec 2016 est. Taxes and other revenues 141 15.6 2016 est. Crude Oil - exports 33 105,000 2013 est. Crude Oil - production 40 120,000 2015 est. Crude Oil - proved reserves 36 1,500,000,000 1 Jan 2016 est. Electricity – consumption (kWh) 135 200,000,000 2014 est. Electricity - installed generating capacity 130 41,000 2014 est. Refined petroleum products - consumption 152 2,200 2014 est. Refined petroleum products - imports 186 2,215 2013 est. Land use - agricultural land (%) 93 39.60 2011 est. Land use - arable land (%) 128 3.90 2011 est. Land use – other (%) 44 51.30 2011 est. Land use - permanent pasture (%) 38 35.70 2011 est. Population density - Persons per sq km 215 9.41 Jul 2016 est. Age structure 0-14 years - female 69 2,549,035 2016 est. Age structure 0-14 years - male 69 2,622,700 2016 est. Age structure 0-14 years (%) 13 43.63 2016 est. Age structure 15-24 years - female (%) 73 1,285,150 2016 est. Age structure 15-24 years - male (%) 75 1,225,731 2016 est. Age structure 15-24 years(%) 18 21.18 2016 est. Age structure 25-54 years - female (%) 93 1,830,530 2016 est. Age structure 25-54 years - male (%) 102 1,525,208 2016 est. Age structure 25-54 years(%) 213 28.31 2016 est. Age structure 55-64 years - female (%) 105 256,936 2016 est. Age structure 55-64 years - male (%) 114 202,044 2016 est. Age structure 55-64 years(%) 189 3.87 2016 est. Age structure 65 years and over - female (%) 114 208,171 2016 est. Age structure 65 years and over - male (%) 117 146,957 2016 est. Age structure 65 years and over (%) 190 3.00 2016 est. Birth Rate (births/1,000 population) 15 36.10 2016 est. Death Rate (deaths/1,000 population) 5 14.00 2016 est. Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio (%) 120 4.90 2015 est. Dependency ratios - potential support ratio 15 20.30 2015 est. Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio (%) 3 100.70 2015 est. Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio (%) 3 95.80 2015 est. Drinking water source - Improved – rural 119 44.8 2015 est. Drinking water source - Improved – total 117 50.8 2015 est. Drinking water source - Improved – urban 83 71.8 2015 est. Drinking water source - UnImproved – rural 11 55.2 2015 est. Drinking water source - UnImproved - total 5 49.2 2015 est. Drinking water source - UnImproved - urban 9 28.2 2015 est. HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate (%) 24 2.53 2014 est. HIV/AIDS - deaths 21 11,700 2014 est. HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS 24 215,000 2014 est. Infant mortality rate – female (deaths/1,000 live births) 4 81.30 2016 est. Infant mortality rate – male (deaths/1,000 live births) 6 92.50 2016 est. Infant mortality rate – total (deaths/1,000 live births) 6 87.00 2016 est. Life expectancy at birth – female (years) 151 51.50 2016 est. Life expectancy at birth – male (years) 154 49.00 2016 est. Life expectancy at birth – total (years) 151 50.20 2016 est. Literacy – female (%) 106 31.90 2015 est. Literacy – male (%) 108 48.50 2015 est. Literacy – total (%) 127 35.40 2011 est. Median age – total (years) 159 17.60 2016 est. Mother's mean age at first birth (years) 77 18.20 2004 est. Population 77 11,852,462 Jul 2016 est. Population growth rate (%) 44 1.88 2016 est. Sanitation facility access - Rural Improved (% of population) 157 6.5 2015 est. Sanitation facility access - Total Improved (% of population) 154 12.1 2015 est. Sanitation facility access - Urban Improved (% of population) 136 31.4 2015 est. Total fertility rate (children born/woman) 26 4.45 2016 est. Urbanization - urban population (%) 175 22.5 2010-15 est. NOTE: The information regarding the international rankings of Chad on this page is derived from the CIA World Factbook 2017. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of international rankings of Chad contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about international rankings of Chad should be addressed to the CIA.

I would like to recommend a wonderful book that should be a must read for those of us who are striving to give our children a true Catholic Education. The book title is: "Public School Education" by Father Michael Muller. A hard copy can be purchased here: http://www.allthesaintsbooks.com/index.html or you can read an e-book here: http://archive.org/details/publicschooleduc28036gut. It is an amazing book.

Why Do Eggs Float in Salt Water? Eggs float in salt water because salt water has a higher density than fresh water. Density is defined as the amount of matter, in this case salt, in a given amount or medium. The more matter, the denser it is. The salt water egg experiment is one of the easiest ways to demonstrate how density works. The components of this experiment are two raw eggs, table salt, two containers deep enough for an egg and tap water. First, each container should be filled almost to the top with tap water. Add 6 tablespoons of salt in one container stir until completely dissolved, and then place one egg in each container. The egg in the salt water will sink while the one in the container with only tap water will float. In this experiment, the egg sinks in plain water because the egg is denser than the water. It pushes the water particles out of the way and sinks to the bottom of the container. In the other container, the salt ions and the water ions have bonded together, which makes the water more dense than the egg. These new particles essentially hold the egg up in the water, causing it to float.

Computer science is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications. It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information, whether such information is encoded as bits in a computer memory or transcribed in genes and protein structures in a biological cell. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems. Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines. Some fields, such as computational complexity theory (which explores the fundamental properties of computational and intractable problems), are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory considers various approaches to the description of computation, while the study of computer programming itself investigates various aspects of the use ofprogramming language and complex systems. Human–computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers and computations useful, usable, and universally accessible to humans. The earliest foundations of what would become computer science predate the invention of the modern digital computer. Machines for calculating fixed numerical tasks such as theabacus have existed since antiquity, aiding in computations such as multiplication and division. Further, algorithms for performing computations have existed since antiquity, even before sophisticated computing equipment were created. The ancient Sanskrit treatiseShulba Sutras, or "Rules of the Chord", is a book of algorithms written in 800 BCE for constructing geometric objects like altars using a peg and chord, an early precursor of the modern field of computational geometry. Blaise Pascal designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator, Pascal's calculator, in 1642. In 1673 Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator, called the 'Stepped Reckoner'. He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist, for, among other reasons, documenting the binary number system. In 1820, Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industry when he released his simplified arithmometer, which was the first calculating machine strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment. Charles Babbage started the design of the first automatic mechanical calculator, his difference engine, in 1822, which eventually gave him the idea of the first programmable mechanical calculator, his Analytical Engine. He started developing this machine in 1834 and "in less than two years he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer. A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the Jacquard loom" making it infinitely programmable. In 1843, during the translation of a French article on the analytical engine,Ada Lovelace wrote, in one of the many notes she included, an algorithm to compute theBernoulli numbers, which is considered to be the first computer program. Around 1885,Herman Hollerith invented the tabulator, which used punched cards to process statistical information; eventually his company became part of IBM. In 1937, one hundred years after Babbage's impossible dream, Howard Aiken convinced IBM, which was making all kinds of punched card equipment and was also in the calculator business to develop his giant programmable calculator, the ASCC/Harvard Mark I, based on Babbage's analytical engine, which itself used cards and a central computing unit. When the machine was finished, some hailed it as "Babbage's dream come true". Although many initially believed it was impossible that computers themselves could actually be a scientific field of study, in the late fifties it gradually became accepted among the greater academic population. It is the now well-known IBM brand that formed part of the computer science revolution during this time. IBM (short for International Business Machines) released the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709 computers, which were widely used during the exploration period of such devices. "Still, working with the IBM [computer] was frustrating ... if you had misplaced as much as one letter in one instruction, the program would crash, and you would have to start the whole process over again". During the late 1950s, the computer science discipline was very much in its developmental stages, and such issues were commonplace. Time has seen significant improvements in the usability and effectiveness of computing technology. Modern society has seen a significant shift in the users of computer technology, from usage only by experts and professionals, to a near-ubiquitous user base. Initially, computers were quite costly, and some degree of human aid was needed for efficient use - in part from professional computer operators. As computer adoption became more widespread and affordable, less human assistance was needed for common usage. Despite its short history as a formal academic discipline, computer science has made a number of fundamental contributions to science and society - in fact, along with electronics, it is a founding science of the current epoch of human history called the Information Age and a driver of the Information Revolution, seen as the third major leap in human technological progress after the Industrial Revolution (1750-1850 CE) and the Agricultural Revolution (8000-5000 BCE). The start of the "digital revolution", which includes the current Information Ageand the Internet. Computer graphics and computer-generated imagery have become ubiquitous in modern entertainment, particularly intelevision, cinema, advertising, animation and video games. Even films that feature no explicit CGI are usually "filmed" now on digital cameras, or edited or postprocessed using a digital video editor. Artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly important as it gets more efficient and complex. There are many applications of the AI, some of which can be seen at home, such as robotic vacuum cleaners. It is also present in video games and on the modern battlefield in drones, anti-missile systems, and squad support robots. The term "computer science" appears in a 1959 article in Communications of the ACM, in which Louis Fein argues for the creation of a Graduate School in Computer Sciences analogous to the creation of Harvard Business School in 1921,justifying the name by arguing that, like management science, the subject is applied and interdisciplinary in nature, while having the characteristics typical of an academic discipline. His efforts, and those of others such as numerical analystGeorge Forsythe, were rewarded: universities went on to create such programs, starting with Purdue in 1962. Despite its name, a significant amount of computer science does not involve the study of computers themselves. Because of this, several alternative names have been proposed. Certain departments of major universities prefer the term computing science, to emphasize precisely that difference. Danish scientist Peter Naur suggested the term datalogy, to reflect the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, while not necessarily involving computers. The first scientific institution to use the term was the Department of Datalogy at the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1969, with Peter Naur being the first professor in datalogy. The term is used mainly in the Scandinavian countries. Also, in the early days of computing, a number of terms for the practitioners of the field of computing were suggested in theCommunications of the ACM – turingineer, turologist, flow-charts-man, applied meta-mathematician, and appliedepistemologist. Three months later in the same journal, comptologist was suggested, followed next year by hypologist.The term computics has also been suggested. In Europe, terms derived from contracted translations of the expression "automatic information" (e.g. "informazione automatica" in Italian) or "information and mathematics" are often used, e.g.informatique (French), Informatik (German), informatica (Italy, The Netherlands), informática (Spain, Portugal), informatika(Slavic languages and Hungarian) or pliroforiki (πληροφορική, which means informatics) in Greek. Similar words have also been adopted in the UK (as in the School of Informatics of the University of Edinburgh). A folkloric quotation, often attributed to—but almost certainly not first formulated by—Edsger Dijkstra, states that "computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes."[note 1] The design and deployment of computers and computer systems is generally considered the province of disciplines other than computer science. For example, the study of computer hardware is usually considered part of computer engineering, while the study of commercial computer systems and their deployment is often called information technology or information systems. However, there has been much cross-fertilization of ideas between the various computer-related disciplines. Computer science research also often intersects other disciplines, such as philosophy, cognitive science, linguistics, mathematics, physics, biology, statistics, andlogic. Computer science is considered by some to have a much closer relationship with mathematics than many scientific disciplines, with some observers saying that computing is a mathematical science. Early computer science was strongly influenced by the work of mathematicians such as Kurt Gödel and Alan Turing, and there continues to be a useful interchange of ideas between the two fields in areas such as mathematical logic, category theory, domain theory, andalgebra. The relationship between computer science and software engineering is a contentious issue, which is further muddied bydisputes over what the term "software engineering" means, and how computer science is defined. David Parnas, taking a cue from the relationship between other engineering and science disciplines, has claimed that the principal focus of computer science is studying the properties of computation in general, while the principal focus of software engineering is the design of specific computations to achieve practical goals, making the two separate but complementary disciplines. As a discipline, computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies of algorithms and the limits of computation to the practical issues of implementing computing systems in hardware and software. CSAB, formerly called Computing Sciences Accreditation Board – which is made up of representatives of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and the IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS) – identifies four areas that it considers crucial to the discipline of computer science: theory of computation, algorithms and data structures, programming methodology and languages, and computer elements and architecture. In addition to these four areas, CSAB also identifies fields such as software engineering, artificial intelligence, computer networking and telecommunications, database systems, parallel computation, distributed computation, computer-human interaction, computer graphics, operating systems, and numerical and symbolic computation as being important areas of computer science. The famous "P=NP?" problem, one of the Millennium Prize Problems, is an open problem in the theory of computation. Information theory is related to the quantification of information. This was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communicating data. Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes (systems for converting information from one form to another) and their fitness for a specific application. Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error detection and correction, and more recently also for network coding. Codes are studied for the purpose of designing efficient and reliabledata transmission methods. Software engineering is the study of designing, implementing, and modifying software in order to ensure it is of high quality, affordable, maintainable, and fast to build. It is a systematic approach to software design, involving the application of engineering practices to software. Software engineering deals with the organizing and analyzing of software— it doesn't just deal with the creation or manufacture of new software, but its internal maintenance and arrangement. Both computer applications software engineers and computer systems software engineers are projected to be among the fastest growing occupations from 2008 and 2018. Leibniz's, Boole's, Alan Turing's, Shannon's, & Morse's insight: There are only 2 objects that a computer has to deal with in order to represent "anything" All the information about any computable problem can be represented using only 0 & 1 (or any other bistable pair that can flip-flop between two easily distinguishable states,such as "on"/"off", "magnetized/de-magnetized", "high-voltage/low-voltage", etc.). Alan Turing's insight: There are only 5 actions that a computer has to perform in order to do "anything" Böhm and Jacopini's insight: There are only 3 ways of combining these actions (into more complex ones) that are needed in order for a computer to do "anything" Some universities teach computer science as a theoretical study of computation and algorithmic reasoning. These programs often feature the theory of computation, analysis of algorithms, formal methods, concurrency theory, databases, computer graphics, and systems analysis, among others. They typically also teach computer programming, but treat it as a vessel for the support of other fields of computer science rather than a central focus of high-level study. The ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force "Computing Curriculum 2005" (and 2008 update) gives a guideline for university curriculum. Other colleges and universities, as well as secondary schools and vocational programs that teach computer science, emphasize the practice of advanced programming rather than the theory of algorithms and computation in their computer science curricula. Such curricula tend to focus on those skills that are important to workers entering the software industry. The process aspects of computer programming are often referred to as software engineering. While computer science professions increasingly drive the U.S. economy, computer science education is absent in most American K-12 curricula. A report entitled "Running on Empty: The Failure to Teach K-12 Computer Science in the Digital Age" was released in October 2010 by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA), and revealed that only 14 states have adopted significant education standards for high school computer science. The report also found that only nine states count high school computer science courses as a core academic subject in their graduation requirements. In tandem with "Running on Empty", a new non-partisan advocacy coalition - Computing in the Core (CinC) - was founded to influence federal and state policy, such as the Computer Science Education Act, which calls for grants to states to develop plans for improving computer science education and supporting computer science teachers. Within the United States a gender gap in computer science education has been observed as well. Research conducted by the WGBH Educational Foundation and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) revealed that more than twice as many high school boys considered computer science to be a "very good" or "good" college major than high school girls.In addition, the high school Advanced Placement (AP) exam for computer science has displayed a disparity in gender. Compared to other AP subjects it has the lowest number of female participants, with a composition of about 15 percent women. This gender gap in computer science is further witnessed at the college level, where 31 percent of undergraduate computer science degrees are earned by women and only 8 percent of computer science faculty consists of women. According to an article published by the Epistemic Games Group in August 2012, the number of women graduates in the computer science field has declined to 13 percent. A 2014 Mother Jones article, "We Can Code It", advocates for adding computer literacy and coding to the K-12 curriculum in the United States, and notes that computer science is not incorporated into the requirements for the Common Core State Standards Initiative.

Whether a person's designated living space is a dorm room or a fancier master bedroom, he or she will find no form of decor more versatile than the all-powerful poster. AllPosters provides the wall hangings needed to spice up the most drab-looking room, and at a surprisingly affordable price. Name any category and there is most likely a poster available at AllPosters that is related to that topic. One of the more popular categories is music, with shoppers of all ages flocking to the site to find large posters of their favorite bands. Favorite bands and musicians featured at AllPosters include Jimi Hendrix, Nirvana, Wiz Khalifa, Lady Gaga, Queen, Pink Floyd and Blondie. Several vintage posters of Woodstock are also available for the hippie at heart. Movie posters are also popular among the shoppers at AllPosters. Customers love displaying their favorite movies for friends and family members to see, whether they're into classics, such as "It's a Wonderful Life" and "Gone With The Wind," or new favorites, like "The Hangover" and "The Hunger Games." Another popular movie poster sold at AllPosters is the list of 101 greatest movie quotes. This contains gems from the "Wizard of Oz," "Titanic," "Airplane" and several other movie favorites. Popular television shows can also be found displayed on the AllPosters website. Some of these just feature pictures of the cast, while others have wacky quotes and interesting bits of trivia. One favorite poster features main character Dwight Schrute from the popular TV show "The Office." On this poster, Dwight offers some of his greatest lines uttered on the show, including one all-time favorite: "How would I describe myself? Three words: hardworking, alpha male, jackhammer, merciless, insatiable." Another popular TV show featured on AllPosters is "Family Guy." The posters from "Family Guy" are every bit as goofy as the show itself. For example, on one poster, an angry mug shot of Stewie looks out at the viewer. The poster's then talks about all of Stewie's past crimes, including matrocide and possession of death rays and the like. The "Family Guy" lover will love showing off his or her knowledge of all things to do with Stewie Griffin. Pop culture references such as movies, television and music are great for some people, but others prefer to nurture their inner artists. AllPosters nurtures this love for art with a huge collection of prints and posters that feature some of the greatest artists of the last millennium. Featured artists include Pablo Picasso, Georgia O'Keeffe, Norman Rockwell, Claude Monet, Andy Warhol and hundreds of others, some of them still undiscovered by the general population. The prints offered at AllPosters cover a wide range of artistic styles. Every art lover will find the perfect poster at this versatile website. Share what you think about AllPosters, and your favorite ways to save there!

Proper capital gains treatment on your investments is essential to assure you earn the maximum amount possible after taxes. There are two types of capital gains tax: short-term and long-term. There are also different rates for different types of investments. Therefore, you must monitor your capital gains treatment to assure you are securing the lowest possible tax rates as well as deferring taxes as necessary or practical. As you can see, in every scenario, it is best to hold onto an investment until it reaches the long-term capital gains tax rate when possible. Unfortunately, you may not always have this option if you would like to maximize your profit. There are some investments that present the best opportunity for gains after just a few months. In this case, you can still sell but lower your tax through deferment. Deferment offers a highly advantageous tax structure. Instead of cashing out your profit, you can reinvest it into another form of capital investment. Then, the IRS will continue to roll over the taxes until you finally, upon deciding the time is right to do so, make a sale and collect the profit fully. Since your capital gains tax relates to your income tax bracket, it is best to wait until you are at a low bracket in order to cash out. Retirement, for example, provides a great opportunity to cash out at a low taxable rate. You can defer short-term gains, but you should note that this will not help you avoid the short-term tax all together. If you should have owed short-term gains tax on an investment but cashed out at a long-term rate, you may owe the difference between the two taxes upon ultimately selling your investments. One strategy some investors use is to reapply short-term investments to other short-term investments. This will not allow you to escape short-term gains tax, but you will be able to cash out once you are at the lowest tax bracket possible in the future.

In biology a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate the difficulty of defining species is known as the species problem. Species hypothesized to have the same. All species are given a two part name a binomial name or just binomial .the first part of a binomial is the generic name and genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called specific name or specific epithet. A usable definition of the word "species" and reliable methods of identifying particular species are essential for stating and testing biological theories and for measuring biodiversity though other taxonomic levels such as families may be considered in broad-scale studies. A journal is a periodical publication intended to further progress of science, usually by reporting new research. Most journals are highly specialized, although some of the oldest journals publish articles, reviews, editorials, short communications, letters, and scientific papers across a wide range of scientific fields. Journals contain articles that peer reviewed, in an attempt to ensure that articles meet the journal's standards of quality, and scientific validity. Each such journal article becomes part of the permanent scientific record.

My TV or recorder has no SCART socket! Do you want to connect a digital TV set-top box to a telly that doesn't have a SCART socket, or to a video recorder that doesn't have a spare SCART socket? You should be able to connect a set top box via the TV aerial socket, or using a different connector on your TV or recorder. Use a digital TV set-top box that has a modulated output that connect to your TV or recorder's standard aerial socket. Some set-top boxes, including Sky and older BT Vision boxes have a modulated output that can connect via an aerial lead. If you have a set-top box with a modulated output, you can connect it to a TV or recorder using an aerial lead, then tune your TV set or recorder into the output channel of the set-top box. Many of the basic Freeview boxes don't have a modulated output and only support connecting by SCART. If your TV or recorder doesn't have a spare SCART socket, consider the Icecrypt T5000, pictured below - this is a Freeview receiver box that is designed to work on TV sets and recorders that don't have a SCART socket - it just uses the standard aerial socket. Most video cassette recorders have a "modulator", which means a VCR can be connected to a TV that doesn't have a SCART socket. If you have a digital TV box that can only connects to a TV via SCART, then what you can do, is route the box through a video recorder to the TV. To do this, plug the digital TV receiver into the video recorder using a SCART lead. Next, connect the video recorder to your TV via the aerial lead. Then, tune your TV in to the output of the video recorder. Finally, set the video recorder to use the SCART (possibly labeled Line 1, AV1, Ext, AUX on the VCR remote). This way, you're passing the output of the digital receiver through the video recorder to the TV - the video recorder has to stay switched on for this to work. Option 3 - "Get an RF Modulator Box" Connect a set-top box through an RF modulator box. If you have an existing set-top box that doesn't have a modulated output, you can use one of these boxes to convert SCART outputs to an aerial feed (see below). If you've got a Freeview set-top box or a DVD player, and you want to connect it to a TV set or video recorder that doesn't have a SCART socket, then you can buy something called an RF modulator. This has a SCART socket on it, and converts SCART signals from equipment with a SCART socket, into a signal that can be transmitted through a TV aerial lead. Plug your Freeview box or DVD recorder into one end using a SCART lead, and the other end into your telly or old video recorder using an aerial cable. You then need to tune your telly or recorder into the channel that the Modulator box creates. Some TV sets and video recorders have other 'Line In / AUX' connectors that can be used to connect a box to - such as S-Video, composite video or component video sockets. With an appropriate cable, you may be able to make a connection. You can get SCART converters at maplin.co.uk or tvcables.co.uk.

He even hired his own team of priests with their own extravagant rituals. On January 24, 41 AD, a group of guards attacked Emperor caligula after a sporting event. Caligula was widely accused of promiscuity, incl. Anyone who wanted to shake his hand could do it one time, but that was all you got. In 33 CE Tiberius gave Caligula an honorary quaestorship. Philo's works, On the Embassy to Gaius and Emperor caligula, give some details on Caligula's early reign, but mostly focus on events surrounding the Jewish population in Judea and Egypt with whom he sympathizes. Pliny the Elder 's Natural History has a few brief references to Caligula. He abused his power to satisfy his sexual needs, and at the same time he vented the love for ridiculing others, regardless of their position, merit or knowledge. Caligula was the third Emperor of the Roman Empire. See Article History Alternative Titles: Caligula had the heads removed from various statues of gods located across Rome and replaced them with his own. His wife, Caesonia, and his daughter were also killed. Caligula invited Ptolemy to Rome and then suddenly had him executed. He lived in a marble stable, walked in a harness decorated with precious stones, and ate from an ivory manger. His hair was sparse, his crown being completely bald, while the rest of his body was hairy. I woke up every day expecting to be assassinated, just like the rest of my family. He began appearing in public dressed as various gods and demigods such as Hercules, Mercury, Venus and Apollo. There were rumors in the city, that Caliber and Macro contributed to the death of Tiberius. The lake was additionally connected with the capital with the famous Via Appia. However, it is not known whether they are speaking figuratively or literally. Historiography[ edit ] Fanciful renaissance depiction of Caligula The history of Caligula's reign is extremely problematic as only two sources contemporary with Caligula have survived — the works of Philo and Seneca. After his accession Caligula quickly squandered the vast sums Tiberius had accumulated in the state treasury. Hair grew everywhere on his body except for the top of his head, where he had a bald spot. The philosopher Seneca claimed that he once saw Caligula threaten Jupiter. Some say he was driven to madness by the events in his life, while others say he may have been mentally ill or suffering the effects of a disease. He put a lot of his effort into ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself. In his short life of only 29 years he experienced horrific tragedy, a deep hatred for the man who killed his family, great power as the Emperor of Rome, and eventually, a brutal death. In Rome, another conspiracy to murder the reigning emperor began. He may not have built his famous floating bridge, but he did launch pleasure barges in Lake Nemi. The vessels were filled with massive statues and golden cups. It was to be led by a. The emperor of Rome had temples constructed where people could worship him. He was severely ill seven months after his accession. Seneca was almost put to death by Caligula in AD 39 likely due to his associations with conspirators. Tiberius had gone there five years earlier. After a soldier, Gratusfound Claudius hiding behind a palace curtain, he was spirited out of the city by a sympathetic faction of the Praetorian Guard to their nearby camp. Such a move would have left both the Senate and the Praetorian Guard powerless to stop Caligula's repression and debauchery. He ordered the execution of Chaerea and of any other known conspirators involved in the death of Caligula. He ordered the construction of a bridge between his palace and the Temple of Jupiter, so that he could meet with the deity.Feb 25, · Watch video · Gaius Caesar, nicknamed Caligula or "Little Boot," was born on August 31, in 12 A.D. He succeeded Tiberius as Roman emperor in 37 A.D., and adopted the name Gaius Caesar Germanicus. Records depict him as a cruel and unpredictable leader. He restored treason trials and put people to palmolive2day.com: Aug 31, Malcolm McDowell played Caligula in the film about the third Roman emperor. Although it was subsequently released in the U.S., officials here banned the film because of its gratuitous content. 映画『ニンジャバットマン』 New York Comic Con公開映像【年6月15日劇場公開】 - Duration: 2 minutes, 4 seconds. In the film “Caligula,” directed by Tinto Brass and starring Malcolm McDowell, shocked the world with its explicit portrayal of the emperor’s cruel and salacious escapades. Caligula was the third Emperor of the Roman Empire. He was born on August 31, 12 AD in Antium, Italy (now known as Anzio, Italy). His parents were Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, and he was one of six children, with siblings named Nero, Drusus, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla. Aug 21, · Watch video · When the emperor died in 37, Caligula’s Praetorian ally Marco arranged for Caligula to be proclaimed sole emperor. A year later, Caligula would order both Marco and .

The Ağ Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans (Persian: آق‌ قویونلو‎‎ Āq Quyūnlū), was a Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled present-day Azerbaijan, Armenia, Eastern Turkey, part of Iran, and northern Iraq from 1378 to 1501. According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, the Ag Qoyunlu are first attested in the district of Bayburt south of the Pontic mountains from at least the 1340s, and most of their leaders, including the dynasty's founder, Qara Osman, married Byzantine princesses. The Ağ Qoyunlu Turkomans first acquired land in 1402, when Timur granted them all of Diyar Bakr in present-day Turkey. For a long time, the Ağ Qoyunlu were unable to expand their territory, as the rival Kara Koyunlu or "Black Sheep Turkomans" kept them at bay. However, this changed with the rule of Uzun Hassan, who defeated the Black Sheep Turkoman leader Jahān Shāh in 1467. After the defeat of a Timurid leader, Abu Sa'id, Uzun Hassan was able to take Baghdad along with territories around the Persian Gulf. He expanded into Iran as far east as Khorasan. However, around this time, the Ottoman Empire sought to expand eastwards, a serious threat that forced the Ağ Qoyunlu into an alliance with the Karamanids of central Anatolia. As early as 1464, Uzun Hassan had requested military aid from one of the Ottoman Empire's strongest enemies, Venice. Despite Venetian promises, this aid never arrived and, as a result, Uzun Hassan was defeated by the Ottomans at the Battle of Otlukbeli in 1473, though this did not destroy the Ağ Qoyunlu. When Uzun Hassan died early in 1478, he was succeeded by his son Khalil Mirza, but the latter was defeated by a confederation under his younger brother Ya'qub at the Battle of Khoy in July. Ya'qub, who reigned from 1478 to 1490, sustained the dynasty for a while longer. However, during the first four years of his reign there were seven pretenders to the throne who had to be put down. Following Ya'qub's death, civil war again erupted, the Ağ Qoyunlus destroyed themselves from within, and they ceased to be a threat to their neighbors. Historical Hasankeyf in Ağ Qoyunlu territory. The early Safavids, who were followers of the Safaviyya religious order, began to undermine the allegiance of the Ağ Qoyunlu. The Safavids and the Ağ Qoyunlu met in battle in the city of Nakhchivan in 1501 and the Safavid leader Ismail I forced the Ağ Qoyunlu to withdraw. In his retreat from the Safavids, the Ağ Qoyunlu leader Alwand destroyed an autonomous state of the Ağ Qoyunlu in Mardin. The last Ağ Qoyunlu leader, Murad, brother of Alwand, was also defeated by the same Safavid leader. Though Murād briefly established himself in Baghdad in 1501, he soon withdrew back to Diyar Bakr, signaling the end of the Ağ Qoyunlu rule. The leaders of Ağ Qoyunlu were from the Begundur or Bayandur clan of the Oghuz Turks and were considered descendants of the semi-mythical founding father of the Oghuz, Oghuz Khan. The Bayandurs behaved like statesmen rather than warlords and gained the support of the merchant and feudal classes of Transcaucasia (present day Azerbaijan). With the conquest of Iran, not only did the Ağ Qoyunlu center of power shift eastward, but Iranian influences were soon brought to bear on their method of government and their culture. In the Iranian provinces Uzun Hassan maintained the preexisting administrative system along with its officials, whose families had in some cases served under different dynasties for several generations. There were only four top civil posts, all held by Iranians, in Uzun Hassan's time: those of the vizier, who headed the great council (divan); the mostawfi al-mamalek, who was in charge of the financial administration; the mohrdar, who affixed the state seal; and the marakur "stable master", who looked after the royal court. In letters from the Ottoman Sultans, when addressing the kings of Ağ Qoyunlu, such titles as Arabic: ملك الملوك الأيرانية‎‎ "King of Iranian Kings", Arabic: سلطان السلاطين الإيرانية‎‎ "Sultan of Iranian Sultans", Persian: شاهنشاه ایران خدیو عجم‎‎ Shāhanshāh-e Irān Khadiv-e Ajam "Shahanshah of Iran and Ruler of Persia", Jamshid shawkat va Fereydun rāyat va Dārā derāyat "Powerful like Jamshid, flag of Fereydun and wise like Darius" have been used. Uzun Hassan also held the title Padishah-i Irān "Padishah of Iran", which was re-adopted again in the Safavid times through his distaff grandson Ismail I, founder of the Safavid Empire. Ağ Qoyunlu Castle in Diyâr-ı Bekir. Amidst the struggle for power between Uzun Hassan's grandsons Baysungur (son of Yaqub) and Rustam (son of Maqsud), their cousin Ahmed Bey appeared on the stage. Ahmed Bey was the son of Uzun Hassan's eldest son Uğurlu Muhammad, who, in 1475, escaped to the Ottoman Empire, where the sultan, Mehmed the Conqueror, received Uğurlu Muhammad with kindness and gave him his daughter in marriage, of whom Ahmed Bey was born.

The Communist chap with the rather large corsage on the left (where else would I place him?) is Zhou Nan. For the early 1990s, he was the head of Xinhua News Agency in Hong Kong, and the de facto Chinese leader in the territory. 'Territory'. The enigmatic word that we've had to use all our lives to describe Hong Kong, not a colony, not merely a city, not quite a country, one that foreign journalists have stumbled over to the annoyance and consternation of their editors. The role for which he shall go down in history, however, is the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on September 26th, 1984, along with Her Majesty's representative, Sir Richard Evans. The negotiations that had begun tentatively in 1982 with Margaret Thatcher attempting to renew the lease on the New Territories (which ran out in 1997, unlike the rest of the territory) ended two years later with Britain agreeing to give back every square foot, including Kowloon and Hong Kong island which had been ceded to them in perpetuity. Today, we take for granted the relatively smooth (let's face it, it could have been a lot, lot worse) function of 'One Country, Two Systems' and the irrevocability of China's reforms toward a capitalist system of private enterprise. But we must remember that in 1984, when Britain signed away all rights to their old Colony, the reforms in China were nascent and far from irreversible. At that point, the imprisoning of Mao's wife Jiang Qing and the 'Gang of Four' was just five years old. What made the British sign away their last vestige of empire? "The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the People's Republic of China have reviewed with satisfaction the friendly relations existing between the two Governments and peoples in recent years and agreed that a proper negotiated settlement of the question of Hong Kong, which is left over from the past, is conducive to the maintenance of the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and to the further strengthening and development of the relations between the two countries on a new basis." To me, the key words are, "left over from the past", and "on a new basis." While politely disguised in Chinese diplomatic English, they are both an acknowledgement that Britain Age of Empire was long over, and that the only way for China to be able to deal with Britain as a new equal partner (or should it be said that the tables are turned?) would be for Hong Kong to be returned. No doubt the Chinese of Hong Kong did not miss these nuances, holding their collective breath as they were on every word. Given Britain's poor bargaining position, however, they did extract concessions from the Chinese about giving reassurances that Hong Kong would be able to continue with its way of life under Deng Xiaoping's "One Country, Two Systems" formula. And China has been good on its word. There have of course been low points (June 1989 comes to mind), but all things considered, the pragmatism of the Hong Kong Chinese and their mainland masters have by and large put Hong Kong on a course that probably exceeded the expectations of Sir Richard, Lord (David) Wilson or any of the British delegation in 1984. Of course democracy remains a major sticking point, but keeping that date in September 26, 1984 when this article came out, we are very obviously much better off and perhaps sometimes could benefit from this perspective when making our mundane complaints. My dearest Uncle, - I thank you very much for your letter of the 9th, received yesterday. I think, dear Uncle, that you would find the East not only as 'absurd' as the West, but very barbarous, cruel and dangerous into the bargain. The Chinese business vexes us much, and Palmerston is deeply mortified at it. All we wanted might have been got, if it had not been for the unaccountably strange conduct of Charles Elliot who completely disobeyed his instructions and tried to get the lowest terms he could... The accounts of the cruelty of the Chinese to one another are horrible. Albert is so much amused at my having got the Island of Hong Kong, and we think Victoria ought to be called Princess of Hong Kong in addition to Princess Royal. Fellow lovers of history, perhaps we do not live in such a terrible age after all. I would like to point out, HK Dsve, that I've been to some ''barbarous'' bars in East Tsim Tsa Tsui. But that was fun, and days are better now. oh, and that was by Doug. Thank you. And, after reading the mickey mao section on blog the talk, I take back what i said on simon's site. i see it clearly now. Hi Doug, glad to see I didn't bend Geoffrey's ideas too far out of shape.

STEP 1 - Begin in Warrior II with your right leg forward, toes facing the front edge of the mat and back toes rotating slightly inward. Keep your torso facing the left edge of the mat and start to bring the torso down over the front leg. STEP 2 - Drop your right hand to the mat or a block on the inside or outside of the foot. Externally rotate your left arm, bringing the left arm overhead and reaching the fingers towards the front of the mat. Keep your inner left arm alongside your ear. Draw your shoulders down your back and broaden through your collar bones. STEP 3 - Spin the left palm down to face the ground. Direct your right sitting bone back towards the inner left heel. Engage the left thigh by internally rotate your left thigh, and rotate your rib cage and heart towards the sky. Repeat the pose on your second side. Lengthens spine, torso, inner thighs, and calf muscles. To find the modified version of the pose, drop your right elbow on the right thigh just above the knee. Press down into the the right elbow to lift up out of the shoulder and create space. Reach the left hand up towards the sky.

Who is a fitness trainer? Who he really is? What does he need to know, what skills should he have and what are his duties? The given topic is so extensive that for its disclosure I will need several articles.

Science often advances through improvements in our ability to measure and observe. Just take the example of migrating storks. In the beginning, the Egyptians had a mystery: storks appeared in Africa during winter and disappeared in the summer. As explorers travelled the world, they saw the storks pop up in middle Europe during the summer months and so the idea of a migration was born. Then scientists began marking individual storks, and they discovered multiple migration routes. With modern GPS trackers, scientists can even study how many storks coordinate their joint flight and how the storks take advantage of thermal updrafts to save energy. With each advance in methods of observation came along new discoveries. Inspired by this history, our laboratory has been interested in developing tools for improved measurement of behavior. A good understanding of animal behavior is a key component on which other fields like neuroscience, molecular biology or evolutionary biology can build on. Only when we understand the behavior can we truly study how that behavior is produced in the brain or what the survival benefits of a particular behavior are. Behavior is a difficult thing to study because it is variable and we need to gather very large data sets before we get an accurate picture of what is going on. In the past, such data sets were often gathered by painstaking human labor: someone had to go through many hours of video data and annotate what was going on in the video at every moment. In our case, we were studying fighting in zebrafish, where a typical fight can take up to a week for a human to annotate. We wanted to automate this process with the help of AI. Using recent advances in a field of artificial intelligence known as deep learning, we trained 1neural networks to imitate the annotations of a trained human. Once we had a trained network, a new video of a zebrafish fight could now be annotated in a matter of a few minutes rather than in a week as was previously required. Computer vision pipeline. 1: Raw video. 2: Unmarked animals after identification with idtracker.ai and a short span of the trajectory of each animal overlaid. 3: Preprocessing of a local portion of trajectory for neural network analysis. 4: Schematic of the neural network classifier which was trained to mimic human annotations. 5: Time series of attack scores for two animals as produced by the neural network classifier. High attack score values indicate a high internal confidence of the network that an attack is taking place. 6: Automatic ethogram calculated by thresholding the attack score. After we had completed our new high throughput measurement system, we set about using it to learn more about the rules of fighting. In particular, we wished to know more about the energy costs involved when fish are performing the various manoeuvres that make up a fight. Just like a sports coach cannot optimize an athlete’s strategy without knowing how much energy various athletic maneuvers take, it is similarly difficult to understand the logic of a fish fight if you do not know the energy costs involved in the process. Our measurement system allowed us to keep track of the speed and acceleration patterns of fighting fish. We found that zebrafish fight at a runner’s pace. A fighting zebrafish swam almost two and a half times faster than an exploring or calmly strolling zebrafish. The zebrafish also liked to punctuate their sprints with violent flips. During one of these flips, a zebrafish can completely reverse its movement direction faster than the blink of an eye. A fighting zebrafish can complete a full body jump (a full body U-turn in space) in just 50 milliseconds- that is two times faster than one tenth of a second. A human could never pull off a maneuver this fast. While the above findings told us that fighting was obviously a strenuous and dangerous activity, we also learned that zebrafish liked to keep things civil if they can. By analyzing how fish responded to mutual strikes and bites, we found that most of the time, the fish kept up a gentlemanly manner. Attackers often swam within striking distance of their opponent, but they rarely ever carried out the strikes. The defenders also often deliberately revealed their vulnerable sides in a provocative manner. There appeared to be a great deal of mutual posturing going on. Attackers were demonstrating their potential to strike and defenders were showing off their ability to handle a strike or a bite while the actual number of bites was kept at a minimum. Based on these results, we can think of zebrafish fighting as an exchange of credible threats. They need to perform the energetically costly flips and rapid runs to credibly show off their skills, but they also like to keep things from escalating too far into the domain of potentially deadly bites and wrestles. While this description of a zebrafish fighting is still rather informal, we hope in the future to use our extensive quantitative data sets to carry out a full evolutionary game theory analysis of this hypothesis in order to establish to what extent this picture is accurate or not. Our findings would not have been possible without the use of advanced measurement which enabled us to study a much greater volume of data than has previously been possible. In future studies, we hope to bring these techniques to bare on a number of different phenomena like comparing fights between different species of fish and studying how fish develop their fighting skills over time. What does the “we don’t understand how artificial intelligence takes decisions” statement mean?

What to do in Northern Spain? I went to explore Galicia, met pilgrims in Santiago de Compostela and ate amazing Spanish food! Come with me on an adventure!

for i in `ls *.mp3`; do # Wrong! for i in "`ls *.mp3`"; do # Wrong! [ bar = "$foo" -a foo = "$bar" ] # Right! [ bar = "$foo" ] && [ foo = "$bar" ] # Also right! [[ $foo = bar && $bar = foo ]] # Also right! MSG="Please enter a file name of the form *.zip" * Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. separated by the first character of the IFS special variable. @ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. parameter expands to a separate word. That is, "$@"

The next time you're thinking of signing an anti-Trump petition, you might want to be careful: Supporters of President Trump have created and circulated a document with the names and addresses of anti-Trump activists, some of which were culled from public petitions. According to BuzzFeed, the document was posted in a pro-Trump chat room on Saturday night before being taken down, and contained contact information for thousands of people. The database of names reportedly surfaced on the Discord server Centipede Central. Discord is a Slack-like chat service, and Centipede Central is basically a chat room on Discord created by members of the the /r/The_Donald subreddit. It appears to have been crowdsourced, as it contains detailed instructions for finding the home addresses, phone numbers, and employment information of those who oppose Trump. BuzzFeed traced the document back a series of threads on 4chan and 8chan, both of which host large pro-Trump communities, and many of the names appear to have come from an anti-Trump petition at RefuseFascism. One Reddit poster called the petition a "wonderful gift" to Trump supporters, as it provided them with a database of names to "crawl through and cross check all the hundreds of antifa sympathizers." Antifa is short for antifascism, a leftist movement that predates Trump, but has been very active in opposing him. This episode is a quintessential example of doxxing, a practice in which the personal information of activists — often of the liberal variety — is circulated online as a retaliatory measure against them. Doxxing was a favorite tactic of pro-Gamergate trolls years earlier, and has since been occasionally used by Trump supporters. The document posted on Centipede Central poses a question to anti-Trump activists: Is it worth signing a public petition with your real name if doing so might result in your personal information being circulated by people on white supremacist message boards? It's a difficult question, and the answer depends largely on how much risk you're comfortable assuming. Signing a petition with your real name certainly gives more legitimacy to whoever is reading the petition, and in all likelihood, the vast majority of people who signed that anti-fascism petition are going to be just fine. Much of the information could easily be incorrect, for one, but more importantly, there's no sign of an actual widespread campaign to retaliate against each and everybody on it. Your detailed personal information might not even be findable online; alternatively, if you're somebody who changes addresses a lot, there may be so much conflicting information as to where you live that doxxing you is effectively impossible. On the other hand, it would be foolhardy to assume that signing such a petition with your real name comes with no risk whatsoever. In general, it's extremely unnerving to know that people who dislike you have access to your home address and employment information. In light of these concerns, it might be a little bit safer to sign petitions like this anonymously, or perhaps pseudonymously. At least one thing is for certain: A segment of Trump's supporters have adopted certain tactics to target opponents of the president, and anti-Trump activists will need to recognize and adapt to these tactics in order to mount an effective and sustained resistance.

Caroline Maria Hewins (October 10, 1846 – November 4, 1926) was an American librarian. American Libraries includes Caroline Hewins as one of the 100 Most Important Leaders we had in the 20th Century for her work as a librarian, where she is noted for her contributions to children's library services She was a librarian at the Hartford Young Men's Institute, which is now known as the Hartford Public Library in Hartford, Connecticut for more than fifty years. An author as well as librarian, she contributed not only to the expansion of children's library services across the U.S., but also the expansion of her library's membership, as well as its transformation from a subscription library to a free public library. Caroline Hewins was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts on October 10, 1846. In the autobiographical book, A Mid-Century Child and Her Books, Hewins writes that after a bit of moving around, her family settled in West Roxbury when she was about seven years old. She was the oldest of nine children. Her father was a wealthy Boston merchant who provided a comfortable home for his wife, children, and an extended family of aunts, uncles, and grandmothers. Caroline learned to read by the age of four. Her love for books increased as she read to her younger siblings and as she progressed to reading folk and fairy tales, the English classics, and the stories from Greek, Roman, and European literary traditions. Caroline Hewin's childhood education consisted of private schooling, before attending Eliot High School. After receiving her high school diploma, she attended the Girls’ High and Normal School where she graduated, although at first she described having some difficulty adjusting to her new educational environment. After graduation, she was hired to do Civil War research at the Boston Athenaeum. This is where she received her brief library training, learning sound bibliographic practice while working for one year under William Frederick Poole. She briefly describes that during this time she learned about the inner-workings of the library and how it was managed and funded. Caroline Hewins left the Boston Athenaeum to take a job as librarian at the Young Men's Institute of Hartford where she was employed from 1875 until her death in 1926. When she was hired at age 29, the Young Men's Institute was a subscription library with 600 members. It was a private association dedicated to informal learning, lectures, and debates. Hewins shepherded the library through a number of important changes. In 1878, the Young Men's Institute was merged with the Hartford Library Association and, ten years later, a generous grant enabled the library to undertake a large expansion project. In 1892, Hewins oversaw the library's change from a private, subscription service to a free public library, and the Hartford Public Library was born. Suddenly the library went from its 600 paying members to thousands of patrons with free access. In order to better serve the community, Hewins expanded the library's hours to include Sunday afternoons so that working people could take advantage of the institution's resources. In 1895 she opened the first branch library in the North Street Settlement House where she lived, staffing it herself one hour each evening. Her commitment to the success of the branch and her appreciation of the work going on there was so strong that she moved in and resided there for twelve years. Caroline Hewins is most often credited for her contributions to children's library services. Hewins's programs for children, along with her scholarly articles and lists of recommended children's books, influenced generations of children's librarians as well as publishers of children's books and bookstores. Before her time, library services to children barely existed. Children younger than 12 years old were often not allowed to patron libraries when she began her career as a librarian. Despite this, one of her most significant accomplishments was her success in adding a children's room in 1904 before the end of her career at the Hartford Public Library. The idea of having a children's room at a library was very influential. Soon after, other libraries followed her example and began the addition of children's rooms. She also hired the library's first dedicated children's librarian in 1907. Soon after accepting the librarian position at the Hartford Young Men's Institute in 1876, she began inviting children to the library. The Institute Library had not welcomed children, but Hewins quickly changed that, and gathered together books by Grimm, Andersen, Hawthorne, Thackeray and Dickens to furnish a corner for them. Three years after arriving at the Young Men's Institute of Hartford, she began to include reading lists for children in the libraries news bulletin. Opinionated, iconoclastic and not a follower of rules established by others, she believed that children deserved better books than the formulaic and often violent Horatio Alger stories and weekly novels of the penny press. The Children's Room she established had furniture suitable for different ages of children, pictures of flowers, lots of light and a resident dog the children helped name. She used the power of the local press and professional library periodicals to encourage parents to bring their children to libraries, to read with them, and to choose quality books that would inspire the young imagination. Hewins also fought against "literary prudery." In a 1905 controversy over the books The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer the Brooklyn Public Library banned both works from the children's section. They were widely criticized for this action in newspapers across the country. As chief librarian at Hartford Public, Hewins refused to ban them from the newly opened children's library. Hewins was far ahead of her time in regards to building connections between the library and local schools. She partnered with local schools, often serving them tea at her house, so that children would have better access to library resources. Hewins also founded an Education Club for parents and teachers, which would later come to be known as the Parent-Teacher Association. She collected books to be used in city classrooms, and made the library a place for book groups, theatrical skits, exhibits and parties. She extended the services of the Institute to local schools by persuading them to find the means to pay the yearly fee for membership, that way the schools could have books from the library brought to them, allowing students to take advantage of the library right from the classroom. During the time when a paid subscription to the library was $3 per year to borrow one book at a time, Hewins worked with local Hartford schools to provide subscription cards for the children, at pennies per card. By the time the library became a free service in 1892, Miss Hewins had already lowered the annual subscription fee to $1 and doubled the membership. Hewins was an avid writer and in 1882, she published “Books for the Young”, an influential guide and list of recommended books for libraries to have available for children. This was the first bibliography intended for children and it has been used by many librarians and booksellers. The book was so influential that it was picked up and revised by the American Library Association for later use. Six years later her article in the January 1888 Atlantic Monthly on the history of children's books elevated the subject to the status of children's literature, worthy of scholarly attention. Hewins was always thinking of ways to reach children and so when she traveled, particularly abroad, she wrote extensive letters to the library's young patrons. These letters were gathered and published in 1923 as A Traveler's Letters to Boys and Girls. When the American Library Association (ALA) was founded in 1876, Caroline joined, becoming one of the early members. She was the first woman to give an address at its annual conference. She also helped found the ALA's Children's Section in 1900. In 1882, through the ALA, Hewins sent a questionnaire to twenty-five libraries around the country and asked: “What are you doing to encourage a love of reading in boys and girls?” Based on the discouraging answers, which revealed that little was being done to encourage early readership, she made an impassioned report to the ALA that galvanized their attention. Within a few years, the ALA had established a Children's Section so that members could exchange ideas on how to best serve young readers and it was supporting professional training schools for children's librarians. In 1891 Caroline founded the first Connecticut State Library Committee (precursor of the state library commission), becoming its executive secretary. Hewins writes that among her duties as secretary of the library committee, she would oversee the operations of the West Roxbury library in the absence of the regular librarian. Hewins would also drive her horse and buggy throughout the state to encourage cooperation between schools and libraries for the benefit of children. Over the next decade, Hartford's “First Lady of the Library” set up traveling libraries and book depositories all around the state at settlement houses, schools, and factories, setting the stage for today's modern branch library system. A nationally respected expert on library management, Hewins oversaw the quickly growing Hartford Public Library system—a rarity for a woman at the time, as most libraries were headed by men. In Caroline M. Hewins and Books for Children, Jennie D. Lindquist writes that when Caroline Hewins first began working at the Young Men's Institute of Hartford, the library charged a fee of at least several dollars per year for membership. At the time, membership was the only way at the time to take advantage of the services of the library. In the late 19th century, several dollars was not a small amount of money, and as a consequence the library did not have a very large membership. But she worked at reducing the fee to one dollar per year, and library membership increased dramatically. And finally in 1892 membership became free. Aside from her contributions to children's library services, Caroline Hewins also campaigned for the creation of public libraries and spoke of the importance of free libraries throughout Connecticut. In New England Women: Their Increasing Influence, Margaret Bush writes that Caroline traveled in Connecticut to encourage the creation of libraries and talked to people about the importance of children's services. The legacy of Caroline Hewins continued through the Caroline M. Hewins Lectures, so named by Frederic G. Melcher. The lectures began in 1947 and continued until 1962. She is also remembered through the Hewins scholarship, available to assist women who want to become children's librarians to attain their educational goals. In late 1925, shortly before her death, she started the scholarship and it continues today. Posthumous honors to Hewins include induction into the American Library Association's Library Hall of Fame (1951) and the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame (1995). American Libraries includes Caroline Hewins as one of the 100 Most Important Leaders we had in the 20th Century. In addition to her work inside the library, Hewins was an avid personal collector of books and she searched for works that would re-create her childhood library, eventually greatly exceeding it. Her collection of more than 4,000 volumes is now preserved as the Hewins Collection at the Connecticut Historical Society and the Hartford Public Library. During her travels, Hewins acquired costumed dolls from every country she visited. At the library she would hold a New Year's Day reception with her collection, hosting little girls and their Christmas dolls. Today, the Hartford History Center at Hartford Public Library is home to her collection of more than 100 dolls, as well as originals of some of the letters she wrote to Hartford children from Europe, correspondence and newspaper clippings, and an extraordinary collection of nineteenth- and twentieth-century European and American children's books. Books for the Young: A Guide for Parents and Children. 1882. Books for Boys and Girls: A Selected List. Chicago, IL: American Library Association Publishing Board, 1915. A Traveler’s Letters to Boys and Girls. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1923. A Mid-Century Child and Her Books. New York, NY: Macmillan Company, 1926. ^ a b "Biography of Caroline M. Hewins" (PDF). Aubri Drake's MLS Portfolio. Retrieved 5 March 2016. ^ Kniffel, L.,Sullivan,P., & McCormick,.E (1999). 100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century. American Libraries, 30(11), 38. ^ Lindquist, J. D. (1950). ^ Hewins, C. M. (1926). A Mid-Century Child and Her Books. p.p.5-6 Detroit: Singing Tree Press, Book Tower. ^ a b c d Aller, S. B. (2007). Hartford's First Lady of the Library. Hog River Journal, 5, 7. ^ a b c d e f g Aller, Susan. "The Public Library Movement: Caroline Hewins Makes Room for Young Readers". ConnecticutHistory.org, a program of CTHumanities in partnership with UCONN Digital Media Center. Retrieved 30 November 2014. ^ Hewins, C. M. (1926). A Mid-Century Child and Her Books. p. 37. Detroit: Singing Tree Press, Book Tower. ^ Petrash, Antonia (October 1, 2004). More Than Petticoats: Remarkable Connecticut Women. Globe Pequot. p. 58. ISBN 0762723718. ^ a b Hewins, C. M. (1926). A Mid-Century Child and Her Books. p.38-40. Detroit: Singing Tree Press, Book Tower. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Caroline Maria Hewins". Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2 December 2014. ^ a b Lindquist, J. D. (1950). Caroline M. Hewins and Books for Children. In S. Andrews (Ed.), The hewins Lectures: 1947-1962. p.73: The Horn Book, Inc. ^ Rathbone, J. A. (1949). Pioneers of the library profession. [Feature]. Wilson Library Bulletin, 23, 775-779. ^ Lindquist, J. D. (1950). Caroline M. Hewins and Books for Children. In S. Andrews (Ed.), The hewins Lectures: 1947-1962. p.76: The Horn Book, Inc. ^ a b c Bush, M. (1996). New England book women: their increasing influence. (Caroline Hewins, Anne Carroll Moore, Alice Jordan, and Bertha Mahony)(Imagination and Scholarship: The Contributions of Women to American Youth Services and Literature). Library Trends, v44(n4), p719(717). ^ Lindquist, J. D. (1950). Caroline M. Hewins and Books for Children. In S. Andrews (Ed.), The hewins Lectures: 1947-1962. p.71: The Horn Book, Inc. ^ a b c d e f g Farrow, Anne. "Cap and Gown for an Innovator". Hartford Public Library - Hartford History Center News. Retrieved 30 November 2014. ^ Murray, Stuart A.P. (2012). The Library: An Illustrated History. New York, NY: Skyhorse. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-61608-453-0. ^ Lindquist, J. D. (1950). Caroline M. Hewins and Books for Children. In S. Andrews (Ed.), The hewins Lectures: 1947-1962. p.72: The Horn Book, Inc. ^ Melcher, F. G. (1962). Introduction to Caroline M. Hewins and Books for Children. In S. Andrews (Ed.), The Hewins Lectures: 1947-1962: p.p.65-66: The Horn Books, Inc. ^ Melcher, F. G. (1962). The Caroline M. Hewins Lectures. In S. Andrews (Ed.), The Hewins Lectures: 1947-1962: p.vii: The Horn Books, Inc.

This song is by Nicki Minaj. Amazon: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? Hype Machine: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? Last.fm: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? Pandora: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? Wikipedia: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? Spotify: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? AllMusic: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc? MusicBrainz: search for… Nicki Minaj • Who's Ya Best Mc?

Slip into the role of a Viking leader to conquer new territories in the free-to-play strategy game Vikings: War of Clans. Humanity has always been fascinated with Vikings. Even today, they still regularly appear in comics, television series, Hollywood movies, and novels. There’s something magical about the image of the brutal barbarians from the North, who roamed the seas and conquered any village in their path. Vikings have become legendary, and players can experience what it is like to be such a legendary warrior in the free-to-play strategy game Vikings: War of Clans. Players slip into the role of a so-called Jarl, who were the aristocracy of the Viking society. As a leader of a clan, they will build a settlement, lead their warriors into battle, and distribute wealth and fortune fairly amongst everyone. The backbone of every Viking clan is their own village. Players will build it from the ground up. Here, they will also recruit new warriors, train them, feed them, and equip them with armor and weapons. The army of Vikings consists of various units in the free-to-play strategy game. This allows for tactically diverse battles. Some warriors use swords, axes, and shields to storm into battle and annihilate anyone in their path. Archers prefer a safe distance to shoot their arrows at approaching enemies. It is up to each player to put together a well-balanced army to take down any opponent. Any successful Jarl knows that it is not just important to attack other clans. It is equally as important to be prepared for any inimical attack on their own settlement. Players should make sure to regularly improve their village’s defenses to turn it into an impregnable fortress. Vikings: War of Clans puts a strong focus on multiplayer gameplay. Players can not only battle it out against each other, but also team up to create strong alliances. The strategy game is available for free in any browser.

If there is one thing that is important for you or you devote one part of your life to one thing, you often say you focus 100% of your efforts on that. How could that be more? Efforts devoted to that one thing are not advised to be over 100% but with more conscious actions you can achieve more, can have even better results. The simplest thing to do is to change the way of your current activity so that what you do is more efficient. In this case you achieve your goal more easily or you get better results. There is also another possibility: your goal needs to be harmonised with your long-term goals and you act accordingly. A simple example: if you build a mountain and you take the stones to the mountain so that you have short breaks in between, you can build a higher mountain on that day. If you also follow the Sun, you can even have a nice tan on your face.

How do I perform a Y2K check on my BIOS? How can I check if my BIOS will needs to upgrade for Y2K? My computer is 2 years old and made by NETRAM. They have been bought out by another company. 1) Set date and time to 12/31/99 11:59:00pm - this can be changed in Windows or in DOS To change in Windows, go to Start/Settings/Control Panel and choose the Date and Time icon To change the time in DOS, type TIME at the Dos prompt and enter the new time Type DATE and then type in the date and enter. 3) Turn system on and enter BIOS setup. 7) Turn system on and enter BIOS setup.

What is the Music Center? The Music Center is a unique blending of performance and educational opportunities into one musical family. At The Music Center you can participate in choirs, take lessons and classes, and attend symphony concerts through one organization. Founded in 2000, this was the ultimate artistic collaboration, ensuring the sustainability of the arts in Calhoun County for generations to come. The activities of the various programs include: local concert series encompassing both orchestral and choral performance; outreach programs for schools in the Battle Creek and surrounding communities; individual instrumental and vocal instruction; group lessons in music and dance; choral training; performance tours; and several special events and fundraisers throughout the year. The Music Center serves all of Calhoun County, as well as portions of Branch, Eaton, Hillsdale, Jackson, and Kalamazoo counties. Spanning the cultural and economic spectrum, the Music Center provides programs for every stage of life.

I was prompted recently to return to the perennial question, 'what is good care?', as part of a qualitative study of cardiovascular disease prevention in general practice. This question became prominent during the study because patients' understandings of 'care' often seemed at odds with those of healthcare professionals. What particularly puzzled me was that healthcare professionals often espoused concepts of good care such as 'shared decision-making', while patients found that the interactions involved did not meet their needs. While healthcare professionals thought they were 'sharing decisions' or 'involving' patients, patients could simultaneously feel that they were struggling to 'get a conversation' with the doctor or nurse. The ethnographer and philosopher, Annemarie Mol, has described good care based on astute observations of the care provided to patients with diabetes (see footnotes 1, 2). Her work is inspiring to read, and I would highly recommend it to both patients and healthcare professionals. She meticulously describes care practices (the detail of what actually happens) — the "tinkering" which is necessary to "try, adjust, and try again" (1) and to find compromises between what would be ideal, and what is actually possible in the context of everyday life. For Mol, care is ongoing, relational, and often requires that healthcare professionals get involved in the nitty gritty of patients' problems and concerns as they unfold, using the various (and always developing) technologies at their disposal. Good care, according to Mol, requires attention to detail, and to actively listening and responding to patients' concerns. Ultimately, good care seeks to "improve life" in an immediate, tangible way (2). Since starting work on a research project with a local hospice, I have noticed that many aspects of hospice (palliative) care seem akin to the practices Mol describes. The raison d'être of hospice care (to "place a high value on dignity, respect and the wishes of the person who is ill") may seem intangible, but my observations suggest that such ideals are frequently reflected in the everyday experiences of patients and families; the rhetoric and the reality line up well. Care often requires that healthcare professionals get involved in the nitty-gritty of patients' problems and concerns. As Cicely Saunders, founder of the hospice movement, said: "You matter because you are you, and you matter to the end of your life. We will do all we can not only to help you die peacefully, but also to live until you die". This attention to helping patients live well in the here and now is central to hospice care, with patients and families valuing healthcare professionals' close attention to their individual needs, and coordination of different interventions to minimise disruption. But the core of what it means to 'care' straddles all healthcare provision, despite the needs of palliative and non-palliative patients perhaps seeming to be fundamentally different. For those who are 'rethinking medicine', Mol's work, and other accounts of good care experiences (e.g. from the hospice movement), provide a timely reminder that good care practices (which are often difficult to see or measure) are at least as important as good care concepts. As my study of cardiovascular disease prevention showed, it is all too easy for concepts such as 'shared decision-making', although rooted strongly in ideas of 'patient-centeredness' (and keenly promoted by individuals who are deeply committed to the values and practices that underpin them), to then be bandied around more generally as though they can adequately stand in for what actually happens. In reality, the terms may be employed as empty 'shells' — concepts filled with notions of what happens, but which do not match what is experienced by patients in practice (see 3). If models such as shared decision-making or social prescribing are to have real impact in a new way of 'doing medicine', it will be important to distinguish between good care concepts and good care practices; attention should be paid to what these interventions actually involve when they are implemented in practice. Good care of the kind that Mol describes will also need to be promoted and strengthened to ensure that such interventions (and technologies) are joined up coherently as part of truly individualised care — care that supports patients to improve their lives within whatever medical or social constraints they face. Mol A. The Logic of Care: Health and the Problem of Patient Choice. London ; New York: Routledge; 2008. 160 p. Mol A, Moser I, Pols J. Care: putting practice into theory. In: Care in Practice: On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms. 1 edition. Bielefeld; Piscataway, NJ: Transcript-Verlag; 2010. Smith DE. Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. Rowman Altamira; 2005. 271 p. Caroline Cupit is an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Leicester's Department of Health Sciences. In my work at attempting to change the culture of physical therapy and medicine about persisting pain I see the same thing. Client centered care is mostly lip service and not real. I am working on a presentation entitled "The Third Space" creating opportunities for dialogue with patients and using a intersubjective approach. This sounds like what you are advocating as well. For PTs in the US where I am, we have time to create this third space. For physicians in the US I am not sure that they do. Average face to face with a physician may often be 10 minutes. How do you accomplish the intersubjectivity in your practice? Short appointment times obviously impede healthcare professionals in putting the patient's concerns as central. However, I'd suggest that it is the big narratives (e.g. the stories told in policy documents) and performance measures/ incentives which very significantly organise WHAT THE DOCTOR / NURSE PRIORITISES within that limited consultation time. Even a healthcare professional who is totally committed to facilitating meaningful conversations with patients will struggle against systems which prioritise other 'outcomes'. I'd suggest that it is important to take a long hard look how policies, measures, incentives etc impact on the ability of healthcare professionals to have good conversations with patients, which put their concerns as central.

"I am convinced that the battle for humankind's future must be waged and won in the public school classroom by teachers who correctly perceive their role as the proselytizers of a new faith: a religion of humanity that recognizes and respects the spark of what theologians call divinity in every human being. These teachers must embody the same selfless dedication as the most rabid fundamentalist preachers, for they will be ministers of another sort, utilizing a classroom instead of a pulpit to convey humanist values in whatever subject they teach, regardless of the educational level preschool day care or large state university." The Humanist, January/February 1983, "A Religion for a New Age." The "faith" that is spoken of in this quote is a pseudo-faith. Real faith is based in reality, which this humanist pseudo-faith is not.

Alexis Kay'ree Hornbuckle (born October 16, 1985) is an American professional basketball player who played several seasons in the Women's National Basketball Association. She is the only player to win a NCAA title and WNBA title in the same year (2008 - with the University of Tennessee and the Detroit Shock). Born in Charleston, West Virginia, Hornbuckle attended Capital High School and later graduated from South Charleston High School Alexis was a high school teammate of Renee Montgomery (who current plays for the Minnesota Lynx). In addition to playing basketball, she also competed in her high school's female soccer team. Hornbuckle was named a WBCA All-American. She participated in the 2004 WBCA High School All-America Game, where she scored eight points, and earned MVP honors. Hornbuckle played four years for the University of Tennessee's Women's basketball team, graduating in 2008 with Candace Parker, Shannon Bobbitt, and Nicky Anosike. She was a key player for two NCAA Championship teams during her tenure, earning places on the 2007 All-SEC First Team, 2007 SEC All-Tournament Team and 2005 All-SEC Freshmen Team. She currently holds the mark for most career steals by a Tennessee Women's player. José Alejandro Suárez Martín (born 6 March 1974), known as Alexis, is a Spanish retired footballer who played mainly as a central defender. He amassed La Liga totals of 195 games and seven goals over the course of eight seasons, representing in the competition Tenerife, Levante and Valladolid. Born in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Alexis started playing professionally with hometown's UD Las Palmas, by then in Segunda División B. Subsequently he joined neighbours CD Tenerife, making his La Liga debuts in the 1995–96 season as the Chicharreros finished in fifth position. After Tenerife's second top level relegation in four years, in 2002, Alexis played a further season with the club before signing for Levante UD, being instrumental in the Valencia side's 2004 promotion. After another promotion and relegation with Levante he scored a rare goal in 2006–07, in a 1–0 away win against Recreativo de Huelva on 17 September 2006, being an undisputed first-choice throughout the top flight campaign (33 starts in 34 appearances, 2,979 minutes of action). Alexis (September 18, 1946 – September 7, 1977) was the pseudonym of Dominique Vallet, a French comics artist, best known for his work on the series Al Crane and Superdupont. Alexis started working for Pilote magazine in 1968, providing illustrations and gags. In 1969, he began a collaboration with Fred on the series Timoléon, and started his working relationship with Gotlib on the film parody series Cinémastok in 1970. The partnership with Gotlib continued for several years, leading to the creation of the magazine Fluide Glacial in 1975 where the advertising parody series La Publicité dans la Joie was published. In 1976, Alexis started the humorous western series Al Crane, in collaboration with Gérard Lauzier, and in 1977 he succeeded Gotlib as artist of the series Superdupont, written by Jacques Lob. While working on the post-apocalyptic work Le Transperceneige, Alexis died as a result of a ruptured aneurysm on September 7, 1977. His final work was later completed by Jean-Marc Rochette.

This will affect urgent and express passport applications. According to CTV News and Passport Canada, "Passport Services are experiencing a network outage affecting urgent and express services." As a result, Canadians in desperate need of passports are worrying they may not get their documents on time for planned vacations or trips out of the country. TL;DR Passport Canada's processing system for urgent and express applications has crashed. There is no information on how long these issues will persist. Concerned applicants should stay tuned to Passport Canada's website and social media pages. Hello, the Service Canada Centres – Passport Services are experiencing a network outage affecting urgent and express services. We are working to fix the problem as soon as possible. Thank you. While Passport Canada assures the public that the agency is working on the issue, there is no indication of when it may be resolved. The CTV News report explains that the service began experiencing problems as early as Monday of this week. There is also no word on how many customers these issues are affecting. This will not affect holders of currently valid Canadian passports. But applicants should stay tuned for updates. They may have to adjust their travel plans. Hello, when the Point of Services will be back in function a message will follow. Thank you. Concerned applications should contact Passport Canada here. Urgent and express passport applications usually concern emergency or pressing situations. Hopefully, not too many people are inconvenienced.

The condition in which air is contaminated by foreign substances, or the substances themselves. Air pollution consists of gaseous, liquid, or solid substances that, when present in sufficient concentration, for a sufficient time, and under certain conditions, tend to interfere with human comfort, health or welfare, and cause environmental damage. Air pollution causes acid rain, ozone depletion, photochemical smog, and other such phenomena. In some larger cities in China, people must wear surgical masks outside because the air pollution there is so bad that it makes breathing difficult. When I traveled around to some third world countries I could always tell how much worse the air pollution was. Air pollution happens when there is an abundance of foreign substances in the air, this happens when there is an abundance of factories releasing harmful gases into the air.

Genetic pollution is a controversial term for uncontrolled gene flow into wild populations. It is defined as “the dispersal of contaminated altered genes from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms, esp. by cross-pollination”, but has come to be used in some broader ways. It is related to the population genetics concept of gene flow, and genetic rescue, which is genetic material intentionally introduced to increase the fitness of a population. It is called genetic pollution when it negatively impacts on the fitness of a population, such as through outbreeding depression and the introduction of unwanted phenotypes which can lead to extinction. Conservation biologists and conservationists have used the term to describe gene flow from domestic, feral, and non-native species into wild indigenous species, which they consider undesirable. They promote awareness of the effects of introduced invasive species that may "hybridize with native species, causing genetic pollution". In the fields of agriculture, agroforestry and animal husbandry, genetic pollution is used to describe gene flows between genetically engineered species and wild relatives. The use of the word “pollution” is meant to convey the idea that mixing genetic information is bad for the environment, but because the mixing of genetic information can lead to a variety of outcomes, “pollution” may not always be the most accurate descriptor. Some conservation biologists and conservationists have used genetic pollution for a number of years as a term to describe gene flow from a non-native, invasive subspecies, domestic, or genetically-engineered population to a wild indigenous population. The introduction of genetic material into the gene pool of a population by human intervention can have both positive and negative effects on populations. When genetic material is intentionally introduced to increase the fitness of a population, this is called genetic rescue. When genetic material is unintentionally introduced to a population, this is called genetic pollution and can negatively affect the fitness of a population (primarily through outbreeding depression), introduce other unwanted phenotypes, or theoretically lead to extinction. An introduced species is one that is not native to a given population that is either intentionally or accidentally brought into a given ecosystem. Effects of introduction are highly variable, but if an introduced species has a major negative impact on its new environment, it can be considered an invasive species. One such example is the introduction of the Asian Longhorned beetle in North America, which was first detected in 1996 in Brooklyn, New York. It is believed that these beetles were introduced through cargo at trade ports. The beetles are highly damaging to the environment, and are estimated to cause risk to 35% of urban trees, excluding natural forests. These beetles cause severe damage to the wood of trees by larval funneling. Their presence in the ecosystem destabilizes community structure, having a negative influence on many species in the system. Introduced species are not always disruptive to an environment, however. Tomás Carlo and Jason Gleditch of Penn State University found that the number of invasive honeysuckle plants in the area correlated with the number and diversity of the birds in the Happy Valley Region of Pennsylvania, suggesting introduced honeysuckle plants and birds formed a mutually beneficial relationship. Presence of introduced honeysuckle was associated with higher diversity of the bird populations in that area, demonstrating that introduced species are not always detrimental to a given environment and it is completely context dependent. Conservation biologists and conservationists have, for a number of years, used the term to describe gene flow from domestic, feral, and non-native species into wild indigenous species, which they consider undesirable. For example, TRAFFIC is the international wildlife trade monitoring network that works to limit trade in wild plants and animals so that it is not a threat to conservationist goals. They promote awareness of the effects of introduced invasive species that may "hybridize with native species, causing genetic pollution". Furthermore, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, the statutory adviser to the UK government, has stated that invasive species "will alter the genetic pool (a process called genetic pollution), which is an irreversible change." Invasive species can invade both large and small native populations and have a profound effect. Upon invasion, invasive species interbreed with native species to form sterile or more evolutionarily fit hybrids that can outcompete the native populations. Invasive species can cause extinctions of small populations on islands that are particularly vulnerable due to their smaller amounts of genetic diversity. In these populations, local adaptations can be disrupted by the introduction of new genes that may not be as suitable for the small island environments. For example, the Cercocarpus traskiae of the Catalina Island off the coast of California has faced near extinction with only a single population remaining due to the hybridization of its offspring with Cercocarpus betuloides. Increased contact between wild and domesticated populations of organisms can lead to reproductive interactions that are detrimental to the wild population's ability to survive. A wild population is one that lives in natural areas and is not regularly looked after by humans. This contrast with domesticated populations that live in human controlled areas and are regularly, and historically, in contact with humans. Genes from domesticated populations are added to wild populations as a result of reproduction. In many crop populations this can be the result of pollen traveling from farmed crops to neighboring wild plants of the same species. For farmed animals, this reproduction may happen as the result of escaped or released animals. Aquaculture is the practice of farming aquatic animals or plants for the purpose of consumption. This practice is becoming increasingly common for the production of salmon. This is specifically termed aquaculture of salmonoids. One of the dangers of this practice is the possibility of domesticated salmon breaking free from their containment. The occurrence of escaping incidents is becoming increasingly common as aquaculture gains popularity. Farming structures may be ineffective at holding the vast number of fast growing animals they house. Natural disasters, high tides, and other environmental occurrences can also trigger aquatic animal escapes. The reason these escapes are considered dangers is the impact they pose for the wild population they reproduce with after escaping. In many instances the wild population experiences a decreased likelihood of survival after reproducing with domesticated populations of salmon. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife cites that "commonly expressed concerns surrounding escaped Atlantic salmon include competition with native salmon, predation, disease transfer, hybridization, and colonization" A report done by that organization in 1999 did not find that escaped salmon posed a significant risk to wild populations. Crops refer to groups of plants grown for consumption. Despite domestication over many years, these plants are not so far removed from their wild relatives that they could reproduce if brought together. Many crops are still grown in the areas they originated and gene flow between crops and wild relatives impacts the evolution of wild populations. Farmers can avoid reproduction between the different populations by timing their planting of crops so that crops are not flowering when wild relatives would be. Domesticated crops have been changed through artificial selection and genetic engineering. The genetic make up of many crops is different than that of its wild relatives, but the closer they grow to one another the more likely they are to share genes through pollen. Gene flow persists between crops and wild counterparts. Genetically engineered organisms are genetically modified in a laboratory, and therefore distinct from those that were bred through artificial selection. In the fields of agriculture, agroforestry and animal husbandry, genetic pollution is being used to describe gene flows between GE species and wild relatives. An early use of the term "genetic pollution" in this later sense appears in a wide-ranging review of the potential ecological effects of genetic engineering in The Ecologist magazine in July 1989. It was also popularized by environmentalist Jeremy Rifkin in his 1998 book The Biotech Century. While intentional crossbreeding between two genetically distinct varieties is described as hybridization with the subsequent introgression of genes, Rifkin, who had played a leading role in the ethical debate for over a decade before, used genetic pollution to describe what he considered to be problems that might occur due the unintentional process of (modernly) genetically modified organisms (GMOs) dispersing their genes into the natural environment by breeding with wild plants or animals. Concerns about negative consequences from gene flow between genetically engineered organisms and wild populations are valid. Most corn and soybean crops grown in the midwestern USA are genetically modified. There are corn and soybean varieties that are resistant to herbicides like glyphosate and corn that produces neonicotinoid pesticide within all of its tissues. These genetic modifications are meant to increase yields of crops but there is little evidence that yields actually increase. While scientists are concerned genetically engineered organisms can have negative effects on surrounding plant and animal communities, the risk of gene flow between genetically engineered organisms and wild populations is yet another concern. Many farmed crops may be weed resistant and reproduce with wild relatives. More research is necessary to understand how much gene flow between genetically engineered crops and wild populations occurs, and the impacts of genetic mixing. Mutations within organisms can be executed through the process of exposing the organism to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutations. This has been done in plants in order to create mutants that have a desired trait. These mutants can then be bred with other mutants or individuals that are not mutated in order to maintain the mutant trait. However, similar to the risks associated with introducing individuals to a certain environment, the variation created by mutated individuals could have a negative impact on native populations as well. Since 2005 there has existed a GM Contamination Register, launched for GeneWatch UK and Greenpeace International that records all incidents of intentional or accidental release of organisms genetically modified using modern techniques. Genetic use restriction technologies (GURTs) were developed for the purpose of property protection, but could be beneficial in preventing the dispersal of transgenes. GeneSafe technologies introduced a method that became known as “Terminator.” This method is based on seeds that produce sterile plants. This would prevent movement of transgenes into wild populations as hybridization would not be possible. However, this technology has never been deployed as it disproportionately negatively affects farmers in developing countries, who save seeds to use each year (whereas in developed countries, farmers generally buy seeds from seed production companies). Physical containment has also been utilized to prevent the escape of transgenes. Physical containment includes barriers such as filters in labs, screens in greenhouses, and isolation distances in the field. Isolation distances have not always been successful, such as transgene escape from an isolated field into the wild in herbicide-resistant bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera. Another suggested method that applies specifically to protection traits (e.g. pathogen resistance) is mitigation. Mitigation involves linking the positive trait (beneficial to fitness) to a trait that is negative (harmful to fitness) to wild but not domesticated individuals. In this case, if the protection trait was introduced to a weed, the negative trait would also be introduced in order to decrease overall fitness of the weed and decrease possibility of the individual’s reproduction and thus propagation of the transgene. Genetic In a 10-year study of four different crops, none of the genetically engineered plants were found to be more invasive or more persistent than their conventional counterparts. An often cited claimed example of genetic pollution is the reputed discovery of transgenes from GE maize in landraces of maize in Oaxaca, Mexico. The report from Quist and Chapela, has since been discredited on methodological grounds. The scientific journal that originally published the study concluded that "the evidence available is not sufficient to justify the publication of the original paper." More recent attempts to replicate the original studies have concluded that genetically modified corn is absent from southern Mexico in 2003 and 2004. A 2009 study verified the original findings of the controversial 2001 study, by finding transgenes in about 1% of 2000 samples of wild maize in Oaxaca, Mexico, despite Nature retracting the 2001 study and a second study failing to back up the findings of the initial study. The study found that the transgenes are common in some fields, but non-existent in others, hence explaining why a previous study failed to find them. Furthermore, not every laboratory method managed to find the transgenes. A 2004 study performed near an Oregon field trial for a genetically modified variety of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) revealed that the transgene and its associate trait (resistance to the glyphosate herbicide) could be transmitted by wind pollination to resident plants of different Agrostis species, up to 14 km from the test field. In 2007, the Scotts Company, producer of the genetically modified bentgrass, agreed to pay a civil penalty of $500,000 to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA alleged that Scotts "failed to conduct a 2003 Oregon field trial in a manner which ensured that neither glyphosate-tolerant creeping bentgrass nor its offspring would persist in the environment". Not only are there risks in terms of genetic engineering, but there are risks that emerge from species hybridization In Czechoslovakia, ibex were introduced from Turkey and Sinai to help promote the ibex population there, which caused hybrids that produced offspring too early, which caused the overall population to disappear completely. The genes of each population of the ibex in Turkey and Sinai were locally adapted to their environments so when placed in a new environmental context did not flourish. Additionally, the environmental toll that may arise from the introduction of a new species may be so disruptive that the ecosystem is no longer able to sustain certain populations. "Invasive species have been a major cause of extinction throughout the world in the past few hundred years. Some of them prey on native wildlife, compete with it for resources, or spread disease, while others may hybridize with native species, causing "genetic pollution". In these ways, invasive species are as big a threat to the balance of nature as the direct overexploitation by humans of some species."</ref>. It can also be considered undesirable if it leads to a loss of fitness in the wild populations. The term can be associated with the gene flow from a mutation bred, synthetic organism or genetically engineered organism to a non GE organism, by those who consider such gene flow detrimental. These environmentalist groups stand in complete opposition to the development and production of genetically engineered organisms. "Uncontrolled spread of genetic information (frequently referring to transgenes) into the genomes of organisms in which such genes are not present in nature." "...imply either that hybrids are less fit than the parentals, which need not be the case, or that there is an inherent value in "pure" gene pools." "Mixing" need not be value-laden, and we use it here to denote mixing of gene pools whether or not associated with a decline in fitness. "If you take a term used quite frequently these days, the term "genetic pollution," otherwise referred to as genetic contamination, it is a propaganda term, not a technical or scientific term. Pollution and contamination are both value judgments. By using the word "genetic" it gives the public the impression that they are talking about something scientific or technical--as if there were such a thing as genes that amount to pollution. Thus, using the term “genetic pollution” is inherently political. A scientific approach to discussing gene flow between introduced and native species would be to use terms like genetic mixing or gene flow. Such mixing can definitely have negative consequences on the fitness of native populations, so it is important not to minimize the risk. However, because genetic mixing can also lead to fitness recovery in cases that could be described as “genetic rescue”, it is important to distinguish that just mixing genes from introduced into native populations can lead to variable outcomes for the fitness of native populations. ^ a b Rhymer JM, Simberloff D (1996). "Extinction by Hybridization and Introgression". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 27: 83–109. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83. ^ Competitive Enterprise Institute staff (2004). "What's Wrong with the Environmental Movement: an interview with Patrick Moore". Environment News. The Heartland Institute. Archived from the original on 24 November 2006. ^ a b c Boffey PM (December 13, 1983). "Italy's Wild Dogs Winning Darwinian Battle". The New York Times. Although wolves and dogs have always lived in close contact in Italy and have presumably mated in the past, the newly worrisome element, in Dr. Boitani's opinion, is the increasing disparity in numbers, which suggests that interbreeding will become fairly common. As a result, genetic pollution of the wolf gene pool might reach irreversible levels, he warned. By hybridization, dogs can easily absorb the wolf genes and destroy the wolf, as it is, he said. The wolf might survive as a more doglike animal, better adapted to living close to people, he said, but it would not be what we today call a wolf. ^ Ellstrand NC (2001). "When Transgenes Wander, Should We Worry?". Plant Physiol. 125 (4): 1543–1545. doi:10.1104/pp.125.4.1543. ^ "the definition of genetic pollution". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ Waller, Donald M. (June 2015). "Genetic rescue: a safe or risky bet?". Molecular Ecology. 24 (11): 2595–2597. doi:10.1111/mec.13220. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 26013990. ^ a b c Butler D (18 August 1994). "Bid to protect wolves from genetic pollution". Nature. 370 (6490): 497. doi:10.1038/370497a0. ^ a b Potts BM, Barbour RC, Hingston AB, Vaillancourt RE (2003). "Corrigendum to: TURNER REVIEW No. 6 Genetic pollution of native eucalypt gene pools—identifying the risks". Australian Journal of Botany. 51 (3): 333. doi:10.1071/BT02035_CO. ^ Haack, Robert A., et al. Managing Invasive Populations of Asian Longhorned Beetle and Citrus Longhorned Beetle: A Worldwide Perspective. vol. 55, Annual Review of Entomology, 2010, Managing Invasive Populations of Asian Longhorned Beetle and Citrus Longhorned Beetle: A Worldwide Perspective. ^ 2011, Invasive Plants Can Create Positive Ecological Change. ^ a b "When is wildlife trade a problem?". TRAFFIC.org, the wildlife trade monitoring network, a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. The World Conservation Union. Archived from the original on 24 December 2007. ^ Effects of the introduction of invasive/non-native species - Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), a statutory adviser to Government on UK and international nature conservation. Accessed on November 25, 2007. : "Occasionally non-native species can reproduce with native species and produce hybrids, which will alter the genetic pool (a process called genetic pollution), which is an irreversible change." ^ Levin DA, Francisco-Ortega J, Jansen RK (1996-02-01). "Hybridization and the Extinction of Rare Plant Species". Conservation Biology. 10 (1): 10–16. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10010010.x. ISSN 1523-1739. ^ Anderson R. "More than 160,000 non-native Atlantic salmon escaped into Washington waters in fish farm accident". latimes.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ "'Environmental Nightmare' After Thousands Of Atlantic Salmon Escape Fish Farm". NPR.org. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ Scotti A. "Thousands of salmon escape from fish farm, and no one knows what will happen next". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ "Escapes: Net-pens are poor containment structures and escaped farmed salmon can compete with wild salmon for food and spawning habitat". Living Oceans. 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ Montanari S. "How Did The Eclipse Let Thousands Of Farmed Salmon Escape?". Forbes. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ "Spill of farmed Atlantic salmon near San Juan Islands much bigger than first estimates". The Seattle Times. 2017-08-24. Retrieved 2018-04-30. ^ Braun, Ashley. "Farmed and Dangerous? Pacific Salmon Confront Rogue Atlantic Cousins". Scientific American. Retrieved 2018-05-01. ^ video, tronc. "Farmed salmon escape into Washington state waters". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2018-05-01. ^ "Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) - Aquatic Invasive Species | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife". wdfw.wa.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-01. ^ Appleby, Kevin H. Amos and Andrew. "Atlantic Salmon in Washington State: A Fish Management Perspective - WDFW Publications | Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife". wdfw.wa.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-01. ^ Ellstrand, Norman C.; Prentice, Honor C.; Hancock, James F. (1999). "Gene Flow and Introgression from Domesticated Plants into Their Wild Relatives". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 30 (1): 539–563. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.539. ^ Carroll, Sean B. (2010-05-24). "Tracking the Ancestry of Corn Back 9,000 Years". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-01. ^ a b c "Gene flow from GM to non-GM populations in the crop, forestry, animal and fishery sectors". Background document to Conference 7: May 31 - July 6, 2002; Electronic Forum on Biotechnology in Food and Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). ^ Rifkin J (1998). The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World. J P Tarcher. ISBN 978-0-87477-909-7. ^ Quinion M. "Genetic Pollution". World Wide Words. ^ Otchet A (1998). "Jeremy Rifkin: fears of a brave new world". an interview hosted by The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). ^ Waltz, Emily (June 2010). "Glyphosate resistance threatens Roundup hegemony". Nature Biotechnology. 28 (6): 537–538. doi:10.1038/nbt0610-537. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 20531318. ^ a b Krupke, C. H.; Holland, J. D.; Long, E. Y.; Eitzer, B. D. (2017-05-22). "Planting of neonicotinoid-treated maize poses risks for honey bees and other non-target organisms over a wide area without consistent crop yield benefit". Journal of Applied Ecology. 54 (5): 1449–1458. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12924. ISSN 0021-8901. ^ Brown, Paul (2005-07-25). "GM crops created superweed, say scientists". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-05-01. ^ a b "Illegal Genetically Engineered Corn from Monsanto Detected in Argentina". GM Contamination Register. Archived from the original on 2011-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-08. ^ "Brazil – Illegal Roundup Ready cotton grown on 16,000 hectares". GM Contamination Register. ^ a b "GM Contamination Register". ^ a b Sang, Yi; Millwood, Reginald J.; Neal Stewart Jr, C. (2013-06-04). "Gene use restriction technologies for transgenic plant bioconfinement". Plant Biotechnology Journal. 11 (6): 649–658. doi:10.1111/pbi.12084. ISSN 1467-7644. PMID 23730743. ^ a b Gressel, Jonathan (2014-08-15). "Dealing with transgene flow of crop protection traits from crops to their relatives". Pest Management Science. 71 (5): 658–667. doi:10.1002/ps.3850. ISSN 1526-498X. PMID 24977384. ^ Crawley MJ, Brown SL, Hails RS, Kohn D, Rees M (8 February 2001). "Biotechnology: Transgenic crops in natural habitats". Nature. 409 (6821): 682–683. doi:10.1038/35055621. PMID 11217848. ^ Quist D, Chapela IH (November 2001). "Transgenic DNA introgressed into traditional maize landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico". Nature. 414 (6863): 541–3. doi:10.1038/35107068. PMID 11734853. ^ Christou P (2002). "No Credible Scientific Evidence is Presented to Support Claims that Transgenic DNA was Introgressed into Traditional Maize Landraces in Oaxaca, Mexico". Transgenic Research. 11 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1023/A:1013903300469. ^ Metz M, Fütterer J (April 2002). "Biodiversity (Communications arising): suspect evidence of transgenic contamination". Nature. 416 (6881): 600–1, discussion 600, 602. doi:10.1038/nature738. PMID 11935144. Archived from the original (– Scholar search) on October 31, 2008. ^ Ortiz-García S, Ezcurra E, Schoel B, Acevedo F, Soberón J, Snow AA (August 2005). "Absence of detectable transgenes in local landraces of maize in Oaxaca, Mexico (2003-2004)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (35): 12338–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503356102. PMC 1184035. PMID 16093316. ^ "'Alien' genes escape into wild corn". New Scientist. 18 February 2009. ^ Watrud LS, Lee EH, Fairbrother A, Burdick C, Reichman JR, Bollman M, Storm M, King G, Van de Water PK (October 2004). "Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with CP4 EPSPS as a marker". 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Archived from the original on 30 November 2011.

What is the difference between simple „proofreading“ and „editing“? Proofreading is checking for mistakes, but only with regard to orthography (spelling), punctuation and grammar. Editing (also see: What does the editor pay attention to?) additionally focuses on, among others, the coherence in style and content, as well as layout. Also recommendations for amendments and adaptions are made by the editor. Therefore, editing usually requires more work and time.

Boost your sales by getting merchant status with credit card companies. Why should a small-business owner accept credit cards? There are dozens of reasons. First and foremost, research shows that credit cards increase the probability, speed and size of customer purchases. Many people prefer not to carry cash, especially when traveling. Others prefer to pay with credit cards because they know that it will be easier to return or exchange the merchandise. Accepting credit cards has several advantages for business owners as well. It gives you the chance to increase sales by enabling customers to make impulse buys even when they don't have cash in their wallets or sufficient funds in their checking accounts. Accepting credit cards can improve your cash flow because in most cases you receive the money within a few days instead of waiting for a check to clear or an invoice to come due. Finally, credit cards provide a guarantee that you will be paid, without the risks involved in accepting personal checks. To accept major credit cards from customers, your business must establish merchant status with each of the credit card companies whose cards you want to accept. You'll probably want to start by applying for merchant status with American Express or Discover. For these cards, all you need to do is contact American Express or Discover directly and fill out an application. However, chances are you'll want to accept Visa and MasterCard, too, since these cards are used more frequently. You cannot apply directly to Visa or MasterCard; because they are simply bank associations, you have to establish a merchant account through one of several thousand banks that set up such accounts, called "acquiring banks." The first thing you need to understand about accepting credit cards, there is a the real concern that if your company goes out of business before merchandise is shipped to customers, the bank will have to absorb losses. While requirements vary among banks, in general a business does not have to be a minimum size in terms of sales. However, some banks do have minimum requirements for how long you should have been in business. This doesn't mean a start-up can't get merchant status; it simply means you may have to look a little harder to find a bank that will work with you. While being considered a "risky business"-typically a start-up, mail order or homebased business-is one reason a bank may deny your merchant status request, the most common reason for denial is simply poor credit. Approaching a bank for a merchant account is like applying for a loan. You must be prepared with a solid presentation that will persuade the bank to open an account for you. You will need to provide bank and trade references, estimate what kind of credit card volume you expect to have and what you think the average transaction size will be. Bring your business plan and financial statements, along with copies of advertisements, marketing pieces and your catalog if you have one. If possible, invite your banker to visit your store or operation. Banks will evaluate your product or service to see if there might be potential for a lot of returns or customer disputes. Called "charge-backs," these refunds are very expensive for banks to process. They are more common among mail order companies and are one reason why these businesses typically have a hard time securing merchant status. In your initial presentation, provide a reasonable estimate of how many charge-backs you will receive, then show your bank why you don't expect them to exceed your estimates. Testimonials from satisfied customers or product samples can help convince the bank your customers will be satisfied with their purchases. Another way to reduce the bank's fear is to demonstrate that your product is priced at a fair market value. The best place to begin when trying to get merchant status is by approaching the bank that already holds your business accounts. If your bank turns you down, ask around for recommendations from other business owners who accept plastic. You could look in the Yellow Pages for other businesses in the same category as yours (homebased, retail, mail order). Call them to ask where they have their merchant accounts and whether they are satisfied with the way their accounts are handled. When approaching a bank with which you have no relationship, you may be able to sweeten the deal by offering to switch your other accounts to that bank as well. If banks turn you down, another option is to consider independent credit card processing companies, which can be found in the Yellow Pages. While independents often give the best rates because they have lower overhead, their application process tends to be more time-consuming, and start-up fees are sometimes higher. You can also go through an independent sales organization (ISO). These are field representatives from out-of-town banks who, for a commission, help businesses find banks willing to grant them merchant status. Your bank may be able to recommend an ISO, or look in the Yellow Pages under "Credit Cards." An ISO can match your needs with those of the banks he or she represents, without requiring you to go through the application process with all of them. Enticing your bank with promising sales figures can also boost your case since the bank makes money when you do. Every time you accept a credit card for payment, the bank or card company deducts a percentage of the sale-called a "merchant discount fee"-and then credits your account with the rest of the sale amount. There may also be some charges from the telephone company to set up a phone line for the authorization and processing equipment. Before you sign on with any bank, consider the costs carefully to make sure the anticipated sales are worth the costs. Once your business has been approved for credit, you will receive a start-up kit and personal instructions in how to use the system. You don't need fancy equipment to process credit card sales. You can start with a phone and a simple imprinter that costs less than $30. However, you'll get a better discount rate (and get your money credited to your account faster) if you process credit card sales electronically. Although it's a little more expensive initially, purchasing or leasing a terminal that allows you to swipe the customer's card through for instant authorization of the sale (and immediate crediting of your merchant account) can save you money in the long run. Many cash registers can also be adapted to process credit cards. Also, using your personal computer as opposed to a terminal to obtain authorization can cut your cost per transaction even more.

Gluten-free? You need to read this. Cheerios are being yanked off supermarket shelves after an incident at a California manufacturing facility may have mistakenly added wheat to the boxes labeled gluten-free. On Monday, General Mills released an official statement announcing the voluntary recall of 1.8 million boxes of original yellow box Cheerios and Honey Nut Cheerios after wheat flour was accidentally introduced into the gluten-free oat flour system at the company's facility in Lodi, Calif. General Mills found out about the problem when two consumers reported illnesses after eating Cheerios, while additional complaints were shared online, General Mills spokesperson Kirstie Foster told CNNMoney. The food company confirmed that the recall is an isolated incident: The original Cheerios and Honey Nut variety out of other facilities remain FDA compliant and gluten-free, General Mills said in a separate statement on the Cheerios website. "We’ll also continue to test products and our oat flour supply extensively to ensure our products meet the gluten-free standard. We care about what you and your family eat and we are truly sorry for this mistake," the statement said. "We will work extremely hard to earn back your trust." If you bought one of the affected boxes, you can contact General Mills for a replacement or full refund at 1-800-775-8370.

Doormen guard the entrance of a building, contributing to security measures and providing basic assistance. This entails opening doors for people and greeting them as they come in, but can include other services such as carrying luggage and receiving packages. A less obvious but extremely important aspect of the job is ensuring the safety of everyone inside. Doormen can work in hotels, resorts, shops, office buildings, and residential buildings, and shifts often cover evenings and holidays. Regardless of their work setting, it’s common for doormen to be on their feet for long hours, even staying outdoors regardless of the weather. Since doormen usually stand near the entrance, they have a significant influence on people’s first impressions of the building or company. It’s crucial for them to have a pleasant and courteous attitude. Doormen also greet guests or customers and provide assistance by opening doors, carrying bags, hailing rides, and directing people to the front desk. For quick inquiries regarding directions or building facilities, people typically talk to doormen, who must be knowledgeable about all the features of the building as well as restaurants, shops, tourist attractions, and other important places in the vicinity. They may also hear about complaints or concerns, which they relay to co-workers from the appropriate department. Doormen must stay alert during their entire shift in order to screen for security. As the first point of contact with people entering the building, they look out for suspicious activity and may check for identification or ask visitors to log in. In addition, they constantly inspect the building for safety, patrolling all areas, reporting damages, and reviewing surveillance. It’s a doorman’s job to receive mail and packages from courier services and hold these in safe storage until picked up by the intended recipient. To maximize clarity, they keep a record of deliveries and inform the recipients right after arrival. Doormen perform other administrative tasks as requested by supervisors, such as coordinating materials for events and confirming building or guest information from databases. This role sometimes involves basic building maintenance, from clearing sidewalks during winter to cleaning the lobby. No formal qualification is necessary to become a doorman, although some employers look for a high school diploma or successful GED (General Education Development) test results, along with previous experience in security, hospitality, or customer service. Certifications in safety and first aid are an advantage, but not required. The main factor used by employers is a criminal background check, since they must determine if candidates are trustworthy. Once hired, candidates undergo brief training where they learn company information and ideal demeanor toward customers. PayScale reports that doormen have a median hourly salary of $15.72. Earners at the low end of the spectrum make $9 per hour, while the highest earners make $22. Location and specific industry have some influence on salary, as top earners tend to be those working in densely populated cities or employed by high-end hotels. Less than half of doormen can avail of medical and dental benefits, but they receive additional income in the form of customer tips.

Sri Lanka is a country in South Asia, located on an island once known as Ceylon. Anyway, the same name was given to this island country until the 1970s. However, the current name is extremely accurate. In Sanskrit it means "dazzling country". And that is indeed Sri Lanka. Excursions to this country are extremely popular today. In 2009 the civil war ended here, which posed a significant threat to those who came to the island, which was definitely not conducive to treating the country as a destination for a relaxing and exotic trip. After the conflict, Sri Lanka has become a thriving country with a rich tourist-oriented infrastructure. However, there are still zones that are inaccessible due to possible mine clearance. However, in the resorts we can feel safe. Currently, according to experts, there is no increased risk of a terrorist attack. In this respect, Sri Lanka is now safer than many Western European capitals and has a unique, exotic charm. What are the biggest attractions that will meet us during the trip? Sri Lanka is a country that is famous for its lush, exotic nature and rich fauna and flora. In the wilderness of the local jungle, elephants, buffaloes and leopards still live freely. One of the attractions is also a trip to the tea plantation, which is still harvested here by hand. It is one of the country's most important export goods. There is also something for everyone who loves sightseeing in Sri Lanka - there is no shortage of ancient buildings. If you choose a good time, you also have the chance to take part in one of the many colorful Hindu festivals, Sri Lanka, like other Asian countries located by the ocean is also a paradise for water sports enthusiasts. There are ideal conditions both for diving, including for advanced people who are looking for new challenges in this sport, as well as for diving with a snorkeling, which does not require special skills and allows you to see the fascinating underwater life of the ocean. Warm ocean waters also encourage lazy baths - but remember to take basic precautions - do not enter the water after drinking alcohol and watch out for jellyfish that are burning. Although they do not pose a serious threat to our health, the burning traces of burns can effectively spoil our rest. Sri Lanka also has plenty of places with ideal conditions for surfing. At the beaches you will find both equipment rentals and schools, where you can learn to swim on a board under the supervision of an instructor. Those who prefer a more lazy holiday can simply relax on the beach, enjoying the fabulously beautiful, exotic landscapes and the perfect weather for relaxation.

What are some cool Augmented Reality (AR) apps for my iPhone or iPad? What is ARKit for iOS? Apple fans asking questions like these now have a new source of information. Apple has posted a website titled "Augmented Reality for iOS" to showcase the technology and its capabilities. Divided into sections, Apple delivers examples of AR for Productivity, Play, and Learning. The site then continues, detailing the technology in iOS 11 that makes these AR experiences possible. Apple calls iOS 11 the "world's largest AR platform", with ARKit making it easier for developers to place virtual objects into your surroundings. Apple has even curated a list of AR apps on iTunes for compatible devices. ARKit is currently supported on the iPhone X, iPhone 8 and Plus, iPhone 7 and Plus, iPhone 6s and Plus, and the iPhone SE. The iPad 5th generation and iPad Pro can also take advantage of ARKit. Apple is rumored to be working on an AR headset, which could launch in 2020 with rOS (reality operating system) installed. Much like the Microsoft HoloLens or Google Glass, the technology overlays graphics directly on real surroundings using special optics. Sources say Apple has many concepts in development for a headset-like device, which would focus on AR instead of full virtual reality. Everything from the display to gestures and a unique AR-optimized processor is said to be in development at Apple. In the meantime, get the latest on AR from Apple's new Augmented Reality for iOS website.

The University of Massachusetts Theatre Guild is a Recognized Student Organization, open for membership to anyone in the Five College community. It has existed in various forms for over one hundred years. The UMass Theatre Guild was formed by accident in 1906. That year something very special happened; the men's glee club, women's glee club, and the Massachusetts Agricultural College Mandolinist Society came together to perform an operetta. That's how the UMTG started. The Theatre Guild can be said to have begun with a production of Gilbert and Sullivan's "Trial by Jury" in 1906, presented jointly by these three clubs. These groups combined under the management of one board in the fall of that year, and continued to present one different Gilbert and Sullivan operetta annually. In addition to concerts, this group occasionally staged small theatrical productions of "minstrel shows," under the direction of Professor Frank Prentice Rand. That's Professor Rand, the namesake of the Rand theater. Which was built two years before the Theater department existed. It was built for the Theatre Guild. By 1937, these miniature musicals were so popular that an offshoot group was formed and produced a full scale Gilbert and Sullivan Operetta in Bowker Auditorium. This student run group was known as the UMass Operetta Guild and at one point, was so popular, their rehearsals were front page news in the Collegian. Eventually this organization began performing Shakespeare along with Gilbert and Sullivan, eventually causing the organization to rename itself the "University Players". In 1970, the play and musical became rivals within the organization and the organization split into two different RSO's; the UMass Players and the UMass Musical Theatre Guild. The UMass Musical Theatre Guild (UMMTG) focused exclusively on musicals while the UMass Players (UMP) featured plays and UMass' first ever comedy troupes, the short form improv troupe Mission Improvable and sketch troupe Student Valley Productions. In 1990, demand for space became a divisive issue between UMMTG and UMP, and the two organizations merged once again. The comedy arm of UMP formed its own RSO now known as Student Valley Productions [renamed the "UMass Comedy League" in 2014], and UMMTG and UMP became known as the UMass Theatre Guild. This RSO performs one musical and one play each semester. The origin of the UMass Theatre Guild goes back to 1906, when the University was known as the Massachusetts Agricultural College. That year the College Orchestra, Glee Club, and Mandolin Club united to for the MAC Musical Associattion. in addition to concerts, this group occasionally staged small theatrical productions of "minstrel shows," under the direction of Professor Frank Prentice Rand. By 1937 these miniature musicals were so popular that an offshoot group was formed and produced a full scale Gilbert and Sullivan Operetta in Bowker Auditorium. This student run group was known as the UMass Operetta Guild and at one point, was so popular, their rehearsals were front page news in the Collegian. In 1970 the group's name was changed to the UMass Music Theatre Guild. This group performed shows everywhere from the Southwest Basketball Courts, Bartlett Hall, Student Union Ballroom, Orchard Hill Bowl, to Bowker Auditorium. In 1990, the UMass Music Theatre Guild merged with the University Players (later Student Valley Productions) to become the UMass Theatre Guild. The first play ever produced by the UMTG was Ten Little Indians. The UMass Theatre Guild proudly produces two completely student run productions every semester. We aim to provide five-college students a fun opportunity to experience all aspects of theater. We hope that you can see all the time, effort, and fun that went into this production and continue to support us in the future. The University of Massachusetts Music Theatre Guild is a Recognized Student Organization, open for membership to anyone in the Five College community. It has existed in various forms for forty years. Music Theatre Guild can be said to have begun with a production of Gilbert and Sullivan's "Trial by Jury" in 1936, presented jointly by three music clubs - the Men's Glee club, the Women's Glee Club, and the Orchestra. These three groups combined under the management of one board in the fall of that year, and continued to present one different Gilbert and Sullivan operetta annually for eight years. In 1944 the groups began to present other operettas, including "The Red Mill" in 1947. "The Red Mill" was a huge success, and as a result, the Operetta guild was officially formed. Around 1970 the name was changed to the UMass Music Theatre Guild. With Cole Porter's "Anything Goes," presented in 1948, Operetta guild began presenting the numerous Broadway musicals which have largely characterized its existence since. These have included many Rodgers and Hammerstein and Cole Porter musicals, and others such as "Guys and Dolls" (twice), "No, No, Nanette," and "The Music Man." Most recent productions have included "Company in 1973, "Dames at Sea" in 1974, "Pirates of Penzance" in Spring 1975, and "Cabaret" in Fall 1975. Music Theatre Guild has presented "Once Upon A Mattress" once before, in Fall 1967. Music Theatre Guild became a self-supporting organization in 1975, funding its two musicals per year through past ticket receipts. Productions are entirely student run, sometimes with professionals aiding in varied positions. The group would not have survived if it wasn't for the many dedicated people who willingly gave up so much of their time to produce these successful shows. Hopefully, the Guild will never stray from its objectives which are to provide fine musical entertainment for the University and Valley and to continue using its shows as a learning laboratory for all people, students and non-students alike, interested in theatre.

In Medieval music, the Guidonian hand was a mnemonic device used to assist singers in learning to sight-sing. Some form of the device may have been used by Guido of Arezzo, a medieval music theorist who wrote a number of treatises, including one instructing singers in sightreading. The hand occurs in some manuscripts before Guido's time as a tool to find the semitone; it does not have the depicted form until the 12th century. Sigebertus Gemblacensis in c. 1105–10 did describe Guido using the joints of the hand to aid in teaching his hexachord. The Guidonian hand is closely linked with Guido's new ideas about how to learn music, including the use of hexachords, and the first known Western use of solfege. The idea of the Guidonian hand is that each portion of the hand represents a specific note within the hexachord system, which spans nearly three octaves from "Γ ut" (that is, "Gamma ut") (the contraction of which is "Gamut", which can refer to the entire span) to "E la" (in other words, from the G at the bottom of the modern bass clef to the E at the top of the treble clef). In teaching, an instructor would indicate a series of notes by pointing to them on their hand, and the students would sing them. This is similar to the system of hand signals sometimes used in conjunction with solfege. There have been a number of variations in the position of the notes on the hand, and no one variation is definitive but, as in the example below the notes of the gamut were mentally superimposed onto the joints and tips of the fingers of the left hand. Thus "gamma ut" (two Gs below middle C) was the tip of the thumb, A ("A re") was the inside of the thumb knuckle, B ("B mi") was the joint at the base of the thumb, C ("C fa ut") was the joint at the base of the index finger, and so on, spiraling around the hand counterclockwise past middle C ("C sol fa ut") until the D a ninth above middle C ("D la sol") (the middle joint of the middle finger) and the E above that ("E la") (the back of that joint, the only note on the back of the hand) were reached. This device allowed people to visualize where the half steps of the gamut were, and to visualize the interlocking positions of the hexachords (the names of which—ut re mi fa sol la—were taken from the hymn Ut queant laxis). The Guidonian hand was reproduced in numerous medieval treatises. Guidonian hand. Colors indicate the three modes of hexachord: durum (hard, equivalent to G major), naturale (natural, equivalent to C major), and molle (soft, equivalent to F major). Exact notation to the hexachord system can be found in a reproduction of Ameri Practica artis musice (1271), or in the 1784 source Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra potissimum. Reproduction of Ameri Practica artis musice (1271), ed. Cesarino Ruini, Corpus scriptorum de musica, vol. 25. Each hexachord could start on G, C or F and the adjacent table, reading upwards from the bottom, shows the notes in each hexachord for each of three octaves. Reading from left to right could, within certain limits, permit notes within different octaves to be distinguished from each other. Thus, C (modern c) was "C fa ut" (or "Cefaut"), c (modern c′) was "C sol fa ut", and cc (modern c″) was "C sol fa". Since the lowest pitch was designated by the Greek letter Γ (gamma, for 'g'), the pitch was known as "Gamma ut" or "Gamut", a term which came to designate the range of notes available, and later, a complete range of anything. The hexachordal system also distinguished between B♭ (fa in the F hexachord, and known as "B molle" for 'soft B') and B♮ (mi in the G hexachord, and known as "B durum" for 'hard B'). Over time, the soft and hard variants of 'b' were depicted as a rounded '♭' and a squared-off '♮' which gradually developed into the modern flat and natural signs (or, in Northern Europe, into the letters 'b' and 'h'). Since a single hexachord did not cover every possible note in the range of the gamut (only C–A, F–D excluding B♮, or G–E excluding B♭), singers would have to "mutate" between hexachords if the range of a sixth was exceeded or if there was an alternation between B♮ and B♭. In this way the "Guidonian" system of multiple hexachords was different from the modern system of solfege, wherein a single set of syllables suffices to name all possible pitches (including, often, chromatic pitches) within a mode. ^ McNaught, W. G. (1893). "The History and Uses of the Sol-fa Syllables". Proceedings of the Musical Association. 19: 35–51. ISSN 0958-8442. Retrieved 2010-02-26. ^ a b c Randel, Don Michael, ed. (2003). "Hexachord". The Harvard Dictionary of Music (4th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 390–391. ISBN 978-0-674-01163-2. Retrieved 2010-02-26. Claude V. Palisca. "Guido of Arezzo", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed June 13, 2007), grovemusic.com (subscription access). Andrew Hughes. "Solmization", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed March 12, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Guidonian hands.

DEFINITION: v. To increase the world's liquid water supply (and dramatically raise the level of our oceans) by accidentally melting the polar ice caps. n. The rising seas and associated flooding due to melting ice caps. Sentence: After many years of taking this planet for granted, the polar ice caps are melting at a tremendous rate it has come to the point where it is decapitoolate and nothing can be done to stop it.

Many spectators thought it was a joke when a group of young Canadians showed up at the 1964 Innsbruck Olympics ready to compete in the bobsled event. Canada didn't even have a training course, let alone a well developed bobsled program at the time. All it had were Victor Emery, John Emery, Pete Kirby, and Douglas Anakin, a group of determined young athletes who were ready to shock the world en route to the gold medal. Vic Emery fell in love with the sport after witnessing a bobsledding race at the 1956 Cortina Olympics. His passion quickly spread to his brother, John, and these two young Canadians started the Laurentian Bobsledding Association in 1957. In 1959, they entered their first team in the World Championships at Lake Placid, finishing 13th out of a possible 16 competitors. Undeterred, the Emerys and their teammates continued to compete each year, and, by 1962, they had moved their way up to fourth place. The team was forced to practice at Lake Placid, New York, as there was no course available in Canada. In fact, the Canadian Olympic Committee had refused to send a team to the 1960 Games, claiming there was no interest in bobsledding. Prior to the Innsbruck Olympics, they had to practice their starts in "dry" runs in a gymnasium and on their infrequent trips to Lake Placid. They had only four practice runs in Innsbruck itself, compared to the multiple runs of the Italians and Austrians who had been training there for weeks. Despite these less-than-ideal training conditions, Anakin, Kirby and the Emery brothers ran a fantastic course and became the first Canadians to win Olympic bobsledding gold. Canadian Sled No. 1 completed the 14-curve course in 1:04.01 on its final run (with a total time over four races of 4:14.46) to win the gold medal at the Austria Olympics in 1964, upsetting the heavily-favoured Italian team. These underdog bobsledders claimed Canada's only gold medal that year. To prove that their victory was no fluke, Vic Emery, Pete Kirby, and two new teammates let the Canadian team to victory once more the following year at the World Championships in St. Moritz. Before bobsledding, Pete Kirby was a seasoned skier. He won the Canadian Junior Alpine Skiing Championships in 1953, was a member of the Canadian F.I.S. team in 1954, and captained Dartmouth University's ski team in 1956. He and Vic Emery also formed a two-man bobsled team that finished fourth at the 1964 Olympic Games. The following year, Victor Emery and Pete Kirby set out to prove that their victory was no mere chance occurrence; as John Emery and Douglas Anakin were unable to join them, they recruited Gerald Presley and Michael Young to complete their team and contest for the World Championship title. At the 1965 World Championships in St. Moritz, the Canadians won three of their four runs at the Championships, claiming the top prize once more over the scoffing Europeans. In addition, Emery and Young claimed a bronze medal in the two-man event. Their gold medal victory was especially significant, for, as Vic Emery said, "You're not real champions unless you can do it a second time." Emery, Kirby, Presley, and Young confirmed that Canada was, indeed, a worthy contender in the world of bobsledding, and paved the way for the development of a national bobsledding program. Emery and Kirby had previously been inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1964 following their Olympic triumph, while Presley and Young joined them in 1965.

Planned home birth in Australia: politics or science? The status of home birth in Australia has become more contentious than ever with the introduction of legislation which requires that all services provided by registered health professionals be covered by appropriate indemnity insurance. Although never intended to prevent registered midwives from providing care in planned home births, the absence of insurance for home birth has meant that any midwife assisting in a planned home birth appeared to have to forgo midwife registration, or risk penalty. I am President of the Australian Medical Association, which is opposed to home birth in Australia.

Golf is a kind of outdoor sport that use golf club (stick), ball, and field with some holes (golf course). But the history of golf is still in debate. Some people says that golf is from Roman sport named "paganica". Paganica spread throughout several countries as the Romans conquered much of Europe, and be a modern game sport. The golf course has a unique design and typically consists of either 9 or 18 holes. The most accepted about origin golf history is game in Scotland around the 12th century, with shepherds knocking stones into rabbit holes in the place where the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews now sits. Golf clubs are the equipment of golf game sport to hit the golf ball. It design with grip and clubhead. The construction are shaft, grip, hosel, clubhead, and ferrule. The shaft is a tapered tube made of steel or graphite. The types of golf club are wood-club for long distances club, iron-club for approaching the green which the ball lies such as the rough or through or over trees or the base of hills, hybrid-club is mixed wood and iron for used instead of high-numbered woods and/or low-numbered irons, and putter is designed primarily to roll the ball along the grass on the green, generally from a point on the putting green towards the cup. A golf ball weighs no more than 1.620 oz (45.93 grams), has a diameter not less than 1.680 in (42.67 mm), and performs within specified velocity, distance, and symmetry limits. For the first time, the balls are made from wood. In 1848, the Rev. Dr Robert Adams Patterson invented the gutta-percha ball (or guttie), from dried sap of a Sapodilla Tree that had a rubber-like feel and could be made round by heating and shaping it while hot. The modern balls made of various synthetic materials like surlyn or urethane blends with two-layer (two-piece), three-layer (three-piece), or four-layer (four-piece) ball. How to bring some golf-clubs and balls? The golfer always use the golf bag to transport that stuff and the caddy (caddie/cadie) as the person who carries a player's bag, and gives insightful advice and moral support. The Caddy term comes from the French word "le cadet" meaning the boy. The golf bag usually made of nylon, plastic, leather or mixed of that, constructed cylindrically shape. It have several pockets for carrying various equipment and supplies needed as long as play this game sport. Thing that I love about this game sport is the course with green trees, grass, and healthy air designed, treated and maintained, it can help to reduce the global warming. So, let's make us more healthy.

The 2014 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place on 13 July 2014 at the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to determine the 2014 FIFA World Cup champion. Germany defeated Argentina 1–0 in extra time, with the only goal being scored by Mario Götze, who collected André Schürrle's cross from the left on his chest before volleying a high left-footed shot into the net. The match was the third final between the two countries, a World Cup record, after their 1986 and 1990 matches, and billed as the world's best player (Lionel Messi) versus the world's best team (Germany). Before the match, Germany had reached the World Cup final seven times (six times as West Germany from 1954 to 1990), winning three (1954, 1974, 1990) and being runners-up four times (1966, 1982, 1986, 2002); Argentina had reached four finals, winning twice (1978, 1986) and placing second twice (1930, 1990). The result marked Germany's fourth World Cup title and their first World championship as a unified nation. The victory meant that three consecutive World Cups have been won by teams from the same continent, following Italy and Spain in 2006 and 2010 respectively, the first time this has happened in World Cup history. It was also the first time that three consecutive World Cup finals were still tied after 90 minutes. The final marked the first time a World Cup hosted in the Americas was not won by a team from the continent. In the winning German team, Miroslav Klose, who had become the top scorer in World Cup history in the semi-final victory over Brazil, became one of the very few players ever to have won gold, silver and bronze medals in the World Cup (bronze in 2006 and 2010, silver in 2002 and gold in 2014), joining a club with earlier German players like Franz Beckenbauer, Sepp Maier and Wolfgang Overath (1966–1974), as well as Italian Franco Baresi (1982–1994). According to FIFA, 1.013 billion individuals globally watched the final match of this tournament. The two teams had met in 20 previous matches, with nine wins for Argentina, six wins for Germany and five draws. In these games, both teams had scored a total of 28 goals. Six of these matches were at a World Cup, two of them in the final. The 2014 final was the seventh World Cup match between them, equalling a tournament record for meetings between two teams (along with Brazil vs Sweden, and Germany vs Yugoslavia). The last three meetings were in three consecutive World Cups, having met in quarter-finals of 2006 and 2010 campaigns. 1958 FIFA World Cup Group 1, West Germany defeated Argentina 3–1. 1966 FIFA World Cup Group 2, West Germany and Argentina drew 0–0. 1986 FIFA World Cup Final, Argentina defeated West Germany 3–2 to win their second and most recent title. 1990 FIFA World Cup Final, West Germany defeated Argentina 1–0 to win their third title. It was Germany's last title as West Germany and the last before the 2014 Final. 2006 FIFA World Cup quarter-finals, Germany defeated Argentina 4–2 on penalties (1–1 draw after extra time). 2010 FIFA World Cup quarter-finals, Germany defeated Argentina 4–0. In the 1966 FIFA World Cup, Argentina and West Germany played a 0–0 draw in the group stage. FIFA cautioned Argentina for its violent style against the Germans which saw Argentine Rafael Albrecht get sent off and suspended for the next match. The 1990 FIFA World Cup Final saw two Argentine players get sent off and West Germany won 1–0 due to a controversial penalty kick late in the match. The 2006 quarter-final game, where Germany won 4–2 in the shootout after the game ended 1–1, was marred by a post-match brawl caused by the Argentines, which resulted in suspensions for two Argentine players and one German player. The most recent meeting between the two teams until the final, was a friendly match played on 15 August 2012 at Commerzbank-Arena, Frankfurt am Main, won by Argentina 3–1. Before the tournament, a friendly was scheduled for 3 September 2014, being the first match for both teams after the World Cup. Argentina won this meeting 4–2. Klose scored one goal in the 2006 meeting and two goals in the 2010 meeting, while Müller scored one goal in the 2010 meeting. Germany manager Joachim Löw was the assistant manager in 2006 and the manager in 2010. The match ball for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Final, announced on 29 May 2014, featured a variation of the Adidas Brazuca named the Adidas Brazuca Final Rio. Whilst the technical aspects of the ball were the same, the design was different from the Brazuca balls used in the group stages and other playoffs, with a green, gold and black coloring. It was the third special ball for FIFA World Cup final matches, after the +Teamgeist Berlin (2006) and the Jo'bulani (2010). Nicola Rizzoli, from Italy, was named as the referee of the final, together with fellow Italians Renato Faverani and Andrea Stefani as the assistant referees, and Carlos Vera and Christian Lescano from Ecuador as the fourth and fifth officials. Earlier in the 2014 World Cup, Rizzoli took charge of the Spain–Netherlands and Nigeria–Argentina matches in the group stage, and the Argentina–Belgium quarter-final. He had previously taken charge of the 2010 UEFA Europa League Final and the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final. He was also one of the referees at the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, UEFA Euro 2012 and the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He became the third Italian referee to take charge of a World Cup final, after Sergio Gonella in 1978 and Pierluigi Collina in 2002. Both teams named unchanged starting line-ups from their semi-finals, but German midfielder Sami Khedira withdrew during the warm-up with a calf injury. He was replaced by Christoph Kramer, who had made two brief substitute appearances during the tournament. Kramer himself suffered a head injury after a collision with Ezequiel Garay inside the penalty area, but was initially cleared to continue playing. Fourteen minutes later in the 31st minute however, he collapsed to the ground, apparently suffering from concussion and was replaced by André Schürrle. Argentina's Lionel Messi (front) battles Germany's Mats Hummels for the ball. Argentina striker Gonzalo Higuaín challenging Germany goalkeeper Manuel Neuer. Argentina's Gonzalo Higuaín missed a good opportunity in the first half, dragging his shot wide after being put through on goal by a misjudged header from Toni Kroos. He had a goal disallowed later in the first half, when he was ruled offside after tapping in a cross by Ezequiel Lavezzi from the right wing. Germany responded when Thomas Müller raced into the penalty area and cut the ball back for Schürrle, who saw his first-time effort saved by a diving Argentine goalkeeper Sergio Romero. As the half ended Germany had a brief flurry of chances, the closest coming when Benedikt Höwedes' header hit the post from a corner during injury time. In the second half Lionel Messi missed an early opportunity when he fired wide of the German goal from inside the penalty area after receiving a through pass, but the remainder of the half saw fewer chances with the closest coming from a Toni Kroos shot that went wide in the 81st minute. In the 88th minute, Germany’s all-time leading scorer Miroslav Klose was substituted for Mario Götze. This would be Klose’s final appearance for Germany. In the second half of extra time Mario Götze of Germany scored the winning goal in the 113th minute. Schürrle raced past two defenders on the left before crossing into the penalty area, where Götze controlled the ball on his chest and then volleyed left-footed into the net. He became the first substitute to score a World Cup-winning goal, as well as the youngest player to score in a World Cup Final since German Wolfgang Weber in 1966 (same age, 22). Thomas Müller had a chance to double Germany's lead shortly afterward when he dribbled past two defenders, but his shot across the net was too wide. Late in extra time, Messi had an opportunity to equalise from a free kick within goal-scoring distance, but his attempt flew high over the crossbar. In addition to Klose, Germany captain Philipp Lahm and veteran defender Per Mertesacker, a late substitute, announced that the final would also be their last match for Germany. Combined, these three players had amassed 354 appearances for the national team between them. Due to the Argentina–Brazil football rivalry, the Brazilians in the crowd supported Germany, despite their resounding 7–1 victory over Brazil in the semi-finals, as the Germans had shown respect to the defeated hosts, while Argentine fans had celebrated Brazil's elimination. Most Brazilians were reportedly relieved that their rivals did not win the World Cup in Brazil's iconic home stadium. Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel (left) attended the final. However, President of Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (right) was absent due to illness. Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff invited the BRICS leaders to the final ahead of the 6th BRICS summit. Among those who showed up were Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, the next World Cup hosts, and Jacob Zuma, the President of South Africa, the previous hosts. Other world leaders Viktor Orbán (Hungary), Ali Bongo Ondimba (Gabon) and Gaston Browne (Antigua and Barbuda) also attended the event, which led The Guardian to label the guest list "bizarre and random", as those countries were failed to qualify for this World Cup. German President Joachim Gauck and Chancellor Angela Merkel were present for the final. Merkel already watched the Germany vs. Portugal match in Salvador, when the German team won 4–0. The President of Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, did not attend because of both her grandson's birthday and a case of pharyngo-laryngitis. Russian comedian Vitaly Zdorovetskiy ran onto the pitch during the match with "Natural Born Prankster" written across his torso and attempted to kiss Benedikt Höwedes of Germany. Brazilian authorities arrested him, and he was released hours after the match. Several celebrities also attended the final, including Rihanna, Mick Jagger, David Beckham, Ashton Kutcher, Daniel Craig, Tom Brady, and LeBron James. Former World Cup winners like Fabio Cannavaro, Lothar Matthäus, Daniel Passarella – who all had won the World Cup as captains – and Pelé were present as well. Germany captain Philipp Lahm lifts the World Cup trophy. The closing ceremony took place about an hour and forty minutes before the final. A performance of two acts, the ceremony lasted about 20 minutes. The first act featured 22 samba dancers and a host of other performers, with 32 of the dancers wearing dresses decorated in the colours of the 32 participating teams. The second act featured musical performances headlined by Colombian singer Shakira, and included singers Carlinhos Brown, Wyclef Jean, Alexandre Pires, Ivete Sangalo and guitarist Carlos Santana. Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bündchen and Carles Puyol, a member of Spain's winning team in 2010, unveiled the FIFA World Cup Trophy. President Rousseff of Brazil delivered the trophy to German captain Philipp Lahm during the awards ceremony on the stands. Alongside her during the trophy handover was FIFA president Sepp Blatter. As Lahm raised the trophy, the outro of the tournament's official song "We Are One (Ole Ola)" was played. ^ "Tactical line-up – Germany–Argentina" (PDF). FIFA.com. Fédération Internationale de Football Association. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ "Groups & Schedule". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 14 June 2014. ^ "Matches". FIFA.com (Fédération Internationale de Football Association). Retrieved 14 June 2014. ^ "Franz Beckenbauer". Planet World Cup. Retrieved 16 July 2014. ^ "Sepp Maier". Planet World Cup. Retrieved 16 July 2014. ^ "1966 FIFA World Cup England: England – Germany FR match report". FIFA. 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South African Press Association. 13 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014. ^ "World Cup final guest list has bizarre and random look". The Guardian. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ Camargo, Marcelo (25 January 2014). "Germany chancellor and president to watch final at Maracanã". Agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br. Retrieved 11 July 2014. ^ Payne, Marissa (13 July 2014). "Argentina's president isn't attending the World Cup final because of grandson's birthday". Washington Post. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ "World Cup 2014: Moment streaker invades pitch and attempts to KISS German star". Daily Mirror. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2014. ^ a b "World Cup closing ceremony 2014 sees Shakira, Rihanna, David Beckham, Pele, Tom Brady, Vladimir Putin and more in the crowd as celebrities spotted at Maracana in Rio de Janeiro for final". Daily Mail. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2015. ^ Maese, Rick; Phillips, Dom (13 July 2014). "2014 World Cup draws to a close in conflicted Brazil". The Washington Post. Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved 13 July 2014. ^ "World Cup 2014: Best selfies". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 17 July 2014. ^ "Former internationals Lothar Matthaeus, Fabio Cannavaro and Daniel Passarella take a selfie the WC 2014 Final match". Veooz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2014. ^ "Closing ceremony to celebrate Brazil 2014 in style". FIFA. 12 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014. ^ "Shakira, Santana Electrify World Cup 2014 Closing Ceremony". NDTV. 13 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014. ^ "Shakira headlines fairly normal World Cup closing ceremony". CBC.ca. 13 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014. ^ "Puyol, Gisele to unveil Trophy prior to the Final". FIFA.com. Retrieved 11 July 2014. ^ "Dilma Rousseff Confirms She Will Hand the Trophy to the World Cup Winner and Says Boos "Are Part of the Job"". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 11 July 2014. ^ "Brazil defeated pessimistic predictions for the World Cup -Rousseff". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2018. ^ "Philipp Lahm of Germany is presented with the World Cup trophy by Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter". Getty Images. 15 July 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2018.

Drakma in Android app crashes app. Summary: Drakma Require Crashes Android Example App Steps to Reproduce: 1) Successfully install and run Android app without Drakma; 2) Install Drakma Dependencies and link: 2a)http://weitz.de/drakma/#install http://common-lisp.net/projects/usocket/releases/ http://weitz.de/flexi-streams/ http://weitz.de/chunga/ http://www.cliki.net/cl-base64 http://www.cliki.net/puri https://github.com/edicl/cl-ppcre.git git://gitorious.org/trivial-gray-streams/trivial-gray-streams.git The only .asd I didn't link is cl-ppcre-unicode.asd; I did link cl-ppcre.asd 3) uncomment this code in app.lisp: (pushnew :drakma-no-ssl *features*) (require :drakma) 4) mocl --android LispContacts app.lisp 5) cd LispContacts/jni && ndkbuild 6) Run||Debug the app in ADK on a Nexus 7 7) App starts, then crashes with: Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV) at 0xdeadbaas (code=1), thread 28736 (le.lispcontacts) Approach 2, MOCL Repl mocl repl --android /tmp This repl is an experimental work in progress. See documentation for further details. You can quit this repl via (rt:quit). * (pushnew :drakma-no-ssl *features*) (:DRAKMA-NO-SSL :MOCL :ASDF2 :ASDF :ANSI-CL :COMMON-LISP :LITTLE-ENDIAN :ARM :ANDROID :LINUX :UNIX) * (require :drakma) (api.lisp:711) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (api.lisp:1200) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (api.lisp:1207) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (api.lisp:1228) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (external-format.lisp:286) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (stream.lisp:190) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (src.lisp:1221) Warning: Ignoring call to FMAKUNBOUND. It is unsupported. (src.lisp:1221) Warning: Ignoring call to FMAKUNBOUND. It is unsupported. (specials.lisp:38) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. (specials.lisp:38) Warning: Function MAKE-INSTANCE is currently unsupported at compile-time. NIL * (print (drakma:http-request "http://wukix.com")) Warning: Compile-time evaluation failed at RT::TYPEP-CLASS. NIL Expected Results: App doesn't crash; REPL successfully completes request; Actual Results: App Crashes when Drakma is (require)'d; REPL fails with compile time error; Notes: So yea, has anyone gotten Drakma to work on Android? Drakma has worked in the past on Android. What is your Android version? I will try to reproduce it. 4.3 on a Note 3 and 4.3.1 on a Nexus 7. That should fix the main issue here. 2) Android applications that use networking functions will need the permission "android.permission.INTERNET" added to the app manifest (AndroidManifest.xml). Please make sure you have this or drakma requests will not work. Awesome, that seems to have fixed the issue for me. Thanks.

A rectangular beam is cut from a cylindrical log of radius 25 cm. The strength of a beam of width w and height h is proportional to wh2. (See Figure 4.70.) Find the width and height of the beam of maximum strength. A 50.0-kg block is being pulled up a 13 degree slope by a force of 250 N which is parallel to the slope. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the slope is 0.200. What is the acceleration of the block? The following four forces act on 4.00 kg object: F1 = 300 N east F2 = 700 N north F3 = 500 N west F4 = 600 N south What is the acceleration of the object? A 1000-kg car is driving toward the north along a straight road at a speed of 20.0 m/s. The driver applies the brakes and the car comes to a rest in a distance of 140 m. What is the constant force applied to the car to bring it to rest? A force of -9000 N is used to stop a 1500kg car traveling at 20 m/s. What braking distance is needed to bring the car to a halt? Calculate the number of grams of dextrose in 250mL of D5W. I know that the answer is 12.5g, but I do not understand the work. Please help. Ms. Hernandez has 17 tomato plants that she wants to plant in rows. She will put 1 plant in some rows and 2 plants in the others. How many different ways can she plant the tomato plants? Make a table to solve. A player bounces a 0.46 kg soccer ball off her head, changing the velocity of the ball from i = (8.7 m/s) + (-3.7 m/s) to f = (5.1 m/s) + (4.2 m/s). The ball is in contact with the player's head for 6.7 ms. a student attaches a mass to the end of a 0.80 m string. The system will be whirled in a horizontal circular path at 31.5 m/s. The maximum tension the string can withstand without breaking is 250 N. What is the maximum mass the student can use? in modest proposal, Find sentences in which the speaker uses ethical appeals? You jog at 6.2 mi/h for 5.0 mi, then you jump into a car and drive for another 5.0 mi. With what average speed must you drive if your average speed for the entire 10.0 miles is to be 10.6 mi/h? I don't get why the answer isn't 15. A 7.5 kg object moving at 7.3 m/s collides inelastically with a 4.0 kg object which is initially at rest. What percentage of the initial kinetic energy of the system is lost during the collision? A 50-kg crate is pulled across the ice with a rope. A force of 100 N is applied at an angle of 38° with the horizontal. Neglecting friction, calculate the acceleration of the crate AND the upward force the ice exerts on the crate as it is pulled. anthony is building a picnic table for his patio. he cut one of the legs at an angle of 40 degrees. at what angle should he cut the other end to ensure that the top of the table is parallel to the ground? Explain why one column in a hundredths grid is equal to one column in a tenths grid? Use a grammatically correct English sentence to describe how the mass in amu of one molecule of a compound is related to the mass in grams of one mole of that compound. An object is fired straight up from the top of a 200-foot tower at a velocity of 80 feet per second. The height h(t) of the object t seconds after firing is given by h(t) = -16t2 + 80t + 200. Why is there a gain or loss in a pension expense calculation? I am more confused about this every time I read about this topic. Can somebody explain this to me? I have researched and read and still do not understand why. 1)For an atom of carbon how many valence electrons are "s" electrons? 2 2) How many are "p" electrons? 4 3)How many (total) electrons in carbon are paired? 2 4) How many are unpaired? 1 Are these correct. What does a maple tree do for a community. The average distance separating earth and moon is 384000 km. What is the net gravitational force exerted by earth and moon on a 3.00 * 10^4 kg spaceship located halfway between them. Billy is a carpenter who earns $15 per hour. He works 8 hours per day, Monday through Friday. How much does Billy earn in one week? In an isosceles triangle, if a base angle has a measure of 43 degrees, then the vertex angle must have a measure of 80 degrees as well. Ammonia, at stp, 1.5L of N2 reacts with 4.5L of H2, if N2 and H2 are consumed, what volume of NH3 at stp will be produced? How would you describe the tone of this essay? What evidence supports your interpretation? i know its a serious, satiric tone .. but how can i provide examples? Calculate the amount of heat in kcal it would take to convert 1.45 mol of ice at 0 degrees C to steam at 100 degrees C. Is water natural resources,renewable resources,or reusable resources? Luis Giron works at the Pancake Palace from 3:00 p.m. until 12:15 a.m. 5 nights a week. If he takes a 30-minute break each evening, how many hours per week does he work? 46.25 hrs 44.75 hrs. 43.75 hrs. A 5.6-kg bowling ball is accelerated from rest to a velocity of 17 m/s as the bowler covers 5.0 m of approach before releasing the ball. What force is exerted on the ball during this time? jack was 21 years older than kat. Together their ages totaled 161 years. What were their ages? a jet plane flying at 550 m/s makes a curve. The radius of the circle in which the plane is flying is 9.0 X 10^3 m. What centripetal acceleration does the plane experience? Express this acceleration relative to g, the acceleration due to gravity. The hypotenuse of a right triangle has one end at the origin and one end on the curve y = (x^4)(e^-7x), with x > 0. One of the other two sides is on the x-axis, the other side is parallel to the y-axis. Find the maximum area of such a triangle. Unlike psychodynamic approaches to personality, the learning approach emphasizes what? A) latent personality structures B) Self-actualization processes C) The Outer Person D) biological traits I thin the answer is C-Outer Person but just not sure of it. The perimeter of a triangle is 50. The length of the sides of a smaller, similar triangle are 5, 6, and 9. FInd the sides of the larger triangle. What steps would I take to solve this? Avery paid $168 for a cell phone. What was the original price of the phone if he got it at a 30% discount? How many milliliters of 0.10 M HCl must be added to 52.0 mL of 0.40 M HCl to give a final solution that has a molarity of 0.25 M? For the ellipse (x-2)^2/49 + (y+1)^2/25=1 List center: (2,-1) the foci: -(sqrt 74) AND +(SQRT 74,0) Major axis: x=2 Minor axis: y= -1 Vertices: (7,0) (-7,0) (0,5) (0,-5) Is this correct? if the following sentance true or false, also can you please write the correct version of it if false. if you want a small volume of hot water, you should place the immersion heater near the bottom of the hot water tank. how many moles of acid are present in 50 mL of acetic acid? What does a maple tree do for a community? A. it creates energy B. It creates food C. It looks nice D. it stores water My answer is B. After flying at an altitude of 600 meters,a hot air balloon starts to descend when its ground distance from the landing pad is 10 kilomeers.What is the angle of depression for this part of the flight? Find the annual rate, r that produces an effective annual yield of 6.3% when compounded continuosly. What was a key discovery during the early sixteenth century that made regular trade possible across the Atlantic ocean? A.Square sails B.Longitude C.The gulf stream D.Monsoonal winds I think the answer is D. Monsoonal winds. The yearly cash flows of an investment are(-1000,-1200,800,900,800) Is this a worthwhile investment for someone who can both borrow and save money at the yearly interest rate of 6%? How many ways can you get a bunch of 4 books to give a friend if you have 30 books (15 novels, 10 history book and 5 math books)? According to the estimate in 2001 which country ranks first in population then second then third? What are the three prophecies made by Theoclymenus in Homer's Odyssey? If points S, O,and N are collinear, how many lines do they determine? What is the World Bank advising businesses in Singapore and Hong Kong to add businesses, how to get the businesses to grow, hire employees, etc. what are the blood types, what blood type is the most common in most humans, and what do the positive and negative signs mean? which of the following gadgets is best for making a soft-shell shape out of butter? The existentialist Kierkegaard wrote a book Either/Or. What is the connection of this with decision-making? What does he suggest? For what x-values does y=e^-x have the same slop as x+4y = 1 I am not sure what steps I am supposed to take to tackle this problem. Given the linear equation y = 4x + 2, find the y-coordinates of the points (-2, ), (1, ), and (-3, ). Please show all of your work. Plot these points and graph the linear equation. One of the angles in a right triangle has a measure of 73 degrees. What is the measure of the other acute angle? Please help i don't get the answer. How much energy, in kilojoules per mole, is released when an electron makes a transition from n=5 to n=2 in an hydrogen atom? what is the significance of Athena turning into birds throughout the Odyssey? James invested $4,000 at 5% interest per year; how long will it take him to earn $200 in simple interest? What is the second derivative of (x^3)/(x^2-1)? And how would I accurately graph both the derivative and the second derivative of this function? How does the Constitution provide for the system of federalism in the American form of government? What is the future, rounded to whole dollars, of $25,000 after 7 1/2 years, if money earns at an annual rate of 5.75% compounded continuosly? Can you please help explain this problem? Maurice says that a(square)+ b(square)=(a+b)(a+b). Is this always true, never true, or sometimes true? Explain. Beth gives Megan $2 allowance a week. Then she takes Megan shopping and allows her to select what she wants to buy. If the item desired costs more than $2, Megan's mother suggests she save her money until she has enough saved to pay for the desired item. Find the smallest positive value of x which satisfies 1.400cos(1.000x) Give answer in four decimal places for accuracy. what is the single most important determination of plant distribution? Find the missing number. 5/15 = ?/3 Is 1 the correct answer? Find the first two zeros of the function y=sin(4x+20) (in degrees) for x > 0, and the value of y at x=9. What are some social, economic, aesthetics, and ethical issues involved in a current environmental controversy? How would I assign priority to 1,2-dimethylcyclopropane? A bycicle store costs 2,800 per month to operate the store pays an average of 45$ per bike the average selling price of each bycicle is 125 $ how many bycicles must the store sell each month to break even? F(x) = /x-2/ (absolute value) Please show me to to graph this equation. What are two changes in weather patterns caused by el nino that can cause disasters? The state that Europeans came to eye like greedy creditors around a rich man's deathbed was the _______ Empire. A. Ottoman B. Russian C. Austrian D. Persian I'm not sure what the answer is. What are some reasons why some people would belive that the Day of the dead celebration is wrong? how do you check a Pascal's triangle with a calculator. Given the linear equation y=-3/5x-4, find the y-coordinates of the points (-5, ), (0, ), and (5, ). Please show all of your work. Plot those points and graph the linear equation. how do you add together all the number's up to 100, Quickly though. Can a radical be negative when the index is even? Two students Mac & Cheese, were arguing about covalent and ionic bonds. Mac says that covalent bonds could be compared to a good marriage. Do you think one has a better comparison than the other or are both of them equally right ? how many gallons would be left after 10 seconds? How would I say "Fishing fascinates me" Mack’s hourly wage is raised from $12.10 per hour to $13.35 per hour. He works 40 hours per week. How much more does he earn per week at this new rate? You are an astronaut (m = 80 kg) and travel to a planet that is the same mass and size as Earth, but it has a rotational period of only 11 h. What is your apparent weight at the equator of this planet? The french philosopher Voltaire was attaked to confucianism because he? A.believed it promoted universal access to education. B.Regarded It as substitute for organized religion. C.Found it full of material he could ridicule in his satirical writings. What does this means? What if what I think is great, really is great. But not as great as something greater?!" A cannon is fired horizontally from a top of a 15-m platform. What is the cannon balls horizontal speed when it hits the ground 250 m downrange? how do you tell till and outwash plains apart? Which state has the highest average annual precipitation? What type of map would you use to identify landforms and elevation? In Jamison's backpack, he only keeps nickels and quarters. He has 30 coins in all. How many of each coin does he have? Show work. The rectangular region shown has been divided into nine square regions, all different in size. The area of square 3 is 64 cm. The area of square 5 is 81cm. what is the area of the rectangle? Write the fraction as a mixed number. 38/3 Is 12 2/3 the correct answer? Danny gave Rose $28 less than she already had. She now has $120. that means Rosario originally had how much???? A 130g ball moving at 0.35m/s in the x-direction is subject to a 0.25N force in the - y-direction for 1.0s. Find the magnitude of the ball's momentum change. for F(x) = /x-2/ (absolute value) When you graph this problem, does it have a straight line or a "v" line? What is the second derivative of (x^3)/(x^2-1)? If the initial investment of 1000 doubles in value in 9.8 years find the rate for continous compounding. so the formula would be A=Pe^rt but where do the numbers go and how do u solve it? Thanks! I agree with your correction but as I found the following sentence in an Italian book I just wanted to know if, in your opinion, an English mother-tongue expert could have written it. She is such a one-sided character, however, as (?) never to hesitate. Johns football game last for 50 minutes. What reduced fraction of an hour is that? Can someone please explain to me how to solve this question? whats 14.9% as a decimal? Buffers work by converting _____ to ____. How long will it take an investment that pays 5% compunded annually to double in value? In 600 minutes how many machines travel a distance of 103,700 mm at a speed of 300 mm/minute? Your industry currently employs 3,800,000 workers. If this labor force is growing expotentially at an annual rate of 2.3% how long will it be before the number of employees reaches 5,000,000? how do you find the slant asymtote of f(x) = (x^3)/(x^2-1) ? how reliable are tests for drugs in sport? find a drug scandal within a sportig event and write some notes about it. I need serious help for the questions i put on here and no one is helping me? ive tried using different names, subjects and said please and thank you and no one has yet helped me. I'm not impressed by this. Thanks but no thanks for the help. The perimeter of a triangle is 50. What steps do I need to take to find the length of the sides? 1) True/false: For any real number x, ln e^x = x. I think that is true. 2)true/false: (2 ln x)/ ln 10 = ln x^2 - ln 10 for all positive x. I think this is true too. Where do rivers begin or have their source? A company has plans to increase its sales at the rate of 6% per year. If the sales of the company in 2001 were $23 million, how much sales can you expect the company to make in the year 2003? Can anyone help me with this question. when you mediate with the clients what are the advantages and disadvantages of not having a lot of information. I thought since you a a neutral party the amount of information doesn't matter. Please help me. Which is the correct symbol to make the resulting inequality true? 4 4/3 > 4 1/2 Or 4 4/3 < 4 1/2 What does this mean? Multiply; then reduce to lowest terms 5 1/2 • 3/4 Is the correct answer 4 1/8 ?

The chronology of the colonial time of Cuba is about the Spanish colonial period in Cuba, and the efforts to obtain independence from the Spanish Empire and includes history from the "discovery" of the island by Christopher Columbus to the Spanish–American War. The Guanajatabey, Ciboney and Taíno peoples lived in Cuba in the 15th century; these were peaceful peoples and were organized in a primitive community. On October 27, 1492, the first European contact was made when Columbus was trying to sail to the Orient. Sebastián de Ocampo made the first circumnavigation of the island in 1509 and gave the name Carenas to what is now Havana Harbor. In the 1510 expedition of conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the indigenous peoples led by Quisqueyano chief Hatuey resisted the Spaniards but were defeated and captured to be used as cheap manual labor. The colonizers saw the great possibilities of wealth from the continent and the island, which were gradually depopulated. In 1560 the island was already a strategically important point for the commercial distribution to the Antilles and Central America. Corona divided the government of the Island between Havana and Santiago de Cuba, the latter being controlled by the powerful Cuenca Family. Between years 1717 and 1727, the royal monopoly of the tobacco was established. This gave rise to several revolts of tobacco growers, resulting in deaths and executions. In 1762, the English took Havana, occupying it for several months before giving it back. Spain exchanged the island for Florida and returned to power over it. With the depopulation brought about in the indigenous towns, the Spanish began to introduce slaves from Africa. In 1812 a revolt of slaves occurred, led by José Antonio Aponte. In 1821 several conspiracies were discovered and their promoters were pursued. One of the most representative among them was the poet José María Heredia. With the absolute power that Fernando VII again imposed in Spain and its dominion, the opposition among the Creoles and Spaniards in Cuba was heightened. This would bring about the 1850 expedition organized by Narciso López to take the city of Cárdenas; it failed, however, and he had to turn back. The Lone Star flag was raised for the first time. Joaquín de Agüero's uprising failed and the leaders were shot on August 12, 1851. Narciso López returned to disembark in Cuba, supporting several battles; he fell into the hands of the Spanish and was executed. Carlos Manuel de Cespedes gave the Cry of Yara at the sugar mill La Demajagua on October 10, 1868 and, with this, the Great War (or the Ten Years' War) was begun, which ended with the Pact of Zanjón, without Cuban independence or the total abolition with indemnification of the slaves. Among other significant actions, the Protest of Baraguá stands out, in which the pro-independence General Antonio Maceo proclaimed his disagreement with the Pact of Zanjón and his decision to continue fighting. General Calixto Garcia launched the struggle anew, initiating the Little War, which hardly lasted a year. In successive years, Jose Marti was exiled to the United States, where he founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party (PRC) and, with Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo, started preparations to relaunch the War of Independence. Martí is distinguished as a great politician, writer and poet, and he united the Cuban nationalist forces beyond generations, races and social positions. On February 24, the war broke out with the Grito de Baire. Jose Martí died in the combat of Two Rivers, Oriente Province (May 19, 1895), a great loss for the Cuban pro- independence cause. The following year General Antonio Maceo died along with his assistant Francisco Gómez Toro, in the San Pedro estate, Province of Havana, on December 7. The Spanish Valeriano Weyler, as Governor General, initiated the Reconcentration Policy, which became like a precursor to the Nazi extermination camps, operated to isolate the rebels from the people and causing devastation in the population. But in spite of the strength and the armament of the Spanish army, the tactics of the Cubans always prevailed and with the invasion from east to west, the process was accelerated that would give them complete independence. But in 1898, the American battleship, USS Maine, was sunk under strange circumstances in the Havana Harbor. This brought about American intervention in the war, which became the Spanish–American War that ended with the Treaty of Paris on December 10, within which Spain ceded Cuba and Puerto Rico to the United States. Thus, a new stage in Cuban history was begun. ^ Henken, Ted (2008-01-01). Cuba: A Global Studies Handbook. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851099849. ^ Kutzinski, Vera M. (2014-06-11). Alexander von Humboldt's Translantic Personae. Routledge. ISBN 9781317977506. This page was last edited on 15 December 2018, at 20:59 (UTC).

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This article is about Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. For other universities with the same name, see Queen's University (disambiguation). Queen's University at Kingston (commonly shortened to Queen's University or Queen's) is a public research university in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Founded on 16 October 1841, via a royal charter issued by Queen Victoria, the university predates Canada's founding by 26 years. Queen's holds more than 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) of land throughout Ontario and owns Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England. Queen's is organized into ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional faculties and schools. The Church of Scotland established Queen's College in 1841 with a royal charter from Queen Victoria. The first classes, intended to prepare students for the ministry, were held 7 March 1842 with 13 students and two professors.In 1869, Queen's was the first university west of the maritime provinces to admit women; In 1883, a women's college for medical education affiliated with Queen's University was established. In 1912, Queen's ended its affiliation with the Presbyterian Church, and adopted its present name. Queen's is a co-educational university with more than 23,000 students and over 131,000 alumni living worldwide. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders and 57 Rhodes Scholars. Queen's was a result of an outgrowth of educational initiatives planned by Presbyterians in the 1830s. A draft plan for the university was presented at a synod meeting in Kingston in 1839, with a modified bill introduced through the 13th Parliament of Upper Canada during a session in 1840. On 16 October 1841, a royal charter was issued through Queen Victoria establishing Queen's College at Kingston. Queen's resulted from years of effort by Presbyterians of Upper Canada to found a college for the education of ministers in the growing colony and to instruct youth in various branches of science and literature. They modelled the university after the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow. Classes began on 7 March 1842, in a small woodframe house on the edge of the city with two professors and 15 students. The college moved several times during its first eleven years, before settling in its present location. Prior to Canadian Confederation, the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, the Canadian government, and private citizens financially supported the college. After Confederation, the college faced ruin when the federal government withdrew its funding and the Commercial Bank of the Midland District collapsed, a disaster which cost Queen's two-thirds of its endowment. The college was rescued after Principal William Snodgrass and other officials created a fundraising campaign across Canada. Theological Hall served as Queen's University's main building throughout the late 19th century. The risk of financial ruin worried the administration until the century's final decade. They considered leaving Kingston and merging with the University of Toronto as late as the 1880s. With the additional funds bequeathed from Queen's first major benefactor, Robert Sutherland, the college staved off financial failure and maintained its independence. Queen's was given university status on 17 May 1881. In 1883, Women's Medical College was founded at Queen's with a class of three. Theological Hall, completed in 1880, originally served as Queen's main building throughout the late 19th century. In 1912, Queen's separated from the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and changed its name to Queen's University at Kingston. Queen's Theological College remained in the control of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, until 1925, when it joined the United Church of Canada. The theological college merged with the Queen's department of religious studies and the program closed in 2015. The university faced another financial crisis during World War I from a sharp drop in enrollment due to the military enlistment of students, staff, and faculty. A $1,000,000 fundraising drive and the armistice in 1918 saved the university. Approximately 1,500 students fought in the war and 187 died. On 18 August 1939, weeks prior to the start of World War II, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Queen's to accept an honorary degree. In a broadcast heard around the world, the President voiced the American policy of mutual alliance and friendship with Canada. During World War II, 2,917 graduates from Queen's served in the armed forces, suffering 164 fatalities. The Memorial Room in Memorial Hall of the John Deutsch University Centre lists Queen's students who died during the world wars. Queen's grew quickly after the war, propelled by the expanding postwar economy and the demographic boom that peaked in the 1960s. From 1951 to 1961, enrolment increased from just over 2,000 students to more than 3,000. The university embarked on a building program, constructing five student residences in less than ten years. After the reorganization of legal education in Ontario in the mid-1950s, Queen's Faculty of Law opened in 1957 in the new John A. Macdonald Hall. Other construction projects at Queen's in the 1950s included the construction of Richardson Hall to house Queen's administrative offices and Dunning Hall. By the end of the 1960s, like many other Canadian universities, Queen's tripled its enrolment and greatly expanded its faculty, staff, and facilities, as a result of the baby boom and generous support from the public sector. By the mid-1970s, the university had 10,000 full-time students. Among the new facilities were three more residences and separate buildings for the Departments of Mathematics, Physics, Biology and Psychology, Social Sciences and the Humanities. During this period, Queen's created the Schools of Music, Public Administration (now part of Policy Studies), Rehabilitation Therapy, and Urban and Regional Planning were established at Queen's. The establishment of the Faculty of Education in 1968 on land about a kilometre west of the university inaugurated the university's west campus. The first female chancellor of Queen's University, Agnes Richardson Benidickson, was installed on 23 October 1980. Queen's celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary in 1991, and Charles, Prince of Wales, and his then wife, Diana, visited the campus to mark the occasion. The Prince of Wales presented a replica of the 1841 Royal Charter granted by Queen Victoria, which had established the university; the replica is displayed in the John Deutsch University Centre. In 1993, Queen's received Herstmonceux Castle as a donation from alumnus Alfred Bader. The university uses the castle as the Bader International Study Centre. In 2001 the Senate Educational Equity Committee (SEEC) studied the experiences of visible minority and Aboriginal faculty members at Queen's after a black female professor left, alleging she had experienced racism. Following this survey the SEEC commissioned a study which found many perceived a 'Culture of Whiteness' at the university. The report concluded "white privilege and power continues to be reflected in the Eurocentric curricula, traditional pedagogical approaches, hiring, promotion and tenure practices, and opportunities for research" at Queen's. The university's response to the report is the subject of continuing debate. The administration implemented measures to promote diversity beginning in 2006, such as the position of diversity advisor and the hiring of "dialogue monitors" to facilitate discussions on social justice. In May 2010, Queen's University joined the Matariki Network of Universities, an international group of universities created in 2010, which focuses on strong links between research and undergraduate teaching. Grant Hall has been considered the university's most recognized landmark since its completion in 1905. The university grounds lies within the neighbourhood of Queen's in the city of Kingston, Ontario. The university's main campus is bordered to the south by Lake Ontario and Kingston General Hospital, city parks to the east, and by residential neighbourhoods, known as the Kingston student ghetto or the university district, in all other directions. The campus grew to its present size of 40 ha (99 acres) through gradual acquisitions of adjacent private lands, and remains the university's largest landholding. In addition to its main campus in Kingston, Queen's owns several other properties around Kingston, as well as in Central Frontenac Township, Ontario; Rideau Lakes, Ontario; and East Sussex, England. Queen’s University is situated on traditional Anishinaabe and Haudenosaunee territory. The buildings at Queen's vary in age from Summerhill, which opened in 1839, to Mitchell Hall, which opened in 2018. Grant Hall, completed in 1905, is considered the university's most recognizable landmark. It is named after Reverend George Munro Grant, who served as Queen's seventh principal. The building is used to host concerts, lectures, meetings, exams, and convocations. Two buildings owned and managed by the university have been listed as National Historic Sites of Canada. The Kingston General Hospital is the oldest operating public hospital in Canada. The Roselawn House, which is east of the west campus, is the core component of the university's Donald Gordon Centre. The Engineering & Science Library and the W.D. Jordan Rare Books and Special Collections are both housed at Douglas Library. Queen's University Libraries include six campus libraries and an archives in six facilities housing 2.2 million physical items and 400,000 electronic resources, including e-books, serial titles and databases. The library's budget in 2007–2008 was $18.1 million, with $9.8 million dedicated to acquisitions. The libraries are Bracken Health Sciences Library, Education Library, Lederman Law Library, Stauffer Humanities and Social Sciences Library, and Engineering & Science Library. The W.D. Jordan Rare Books and Special Collections Library notably harbors early-dated books from 1475 to 1700. The Engineering & Science Library and the W.D. Jordan Rare Books and Special Collections Library share facilities, known as Douglas Library. Since 1981, the Queen's University archives has been housed in Kathleen Ryan Hall. The archive manages, preserves, conserves, and makes accessible the information assets and historical record of the university. In addition to the university's archive, Kathleen Ryan Hall also houses the City of Kingston's archives. Queen's operates the Miller Museum of Geology, an earth-science teaching museum which features an Earth Science and Geological Collections of 10,000 minerals and 865 fossils, as well as an exhibit of the geology of the Kingston area. The museum is largely used as an earth-science teaching museum for local schools and natural-science interest groups in eastern Ontario. The permanent exhibits feature dinosaurs, dinosaur eggs, fossils of early multi-celled animals, and land tracks fossilized from 500 million years ago. Queen's art collections are housed at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre. The art centre owes its namesake to Agnes Etherington, whose house was donated to the university and is used as an art museum, attached to the main art centre. Opened in 1957, it contains over 14,000 works of art, including works by Rembrandt and Inuit art. The university's student body and faculty run the Union Gallery, an art gallery opened in 1994. The gallery is dedicated to the promotion of student and contemporary art. The university has 18 student residences: Adelaide Hall, Ban Righ Hall, Brant House, Chown Hall, Gordon House, Brockington House, Graduate Residence, Harkness Hall, John Orr Tower Apartments, Leggett Hall, Leonard Hall, McNeill House, Morris Hall, Smith House, Victoria Hall, Waldron Tower, Watts Hall, and Jean Royce Hall. The largest is Victoria Hall, built in 1965, which houses nearly 900 students. In September 2010, 83.3% of first-year students lived on campus, part of the 26% of the overall undergraduate population who lived on campus. Residents were represented by two groups, the Main Campus Residents' Council, which represents the main campus, and the Jean Royce Hall Council, which represents the west campus (Jean Royce Hall, Harkness International Hall, and the Graduate Residence). They were responsible for representing resident concerns, providing entertainment services, organizing events, and upholding Residence Community Standards. In 2013, the Main Campus and Jean Royce Hall Residents' Councils were amalgamated into one organization, called ResSoc, standing for Residence Society.. ResSoc employs 7 Executives, 17 House Presidents, and 27 Residence Facilitators. ResSoc also has over 100 volunteer positions such as floor representatives and executive interns. In 2013, The Residence Society introduced the StAR (Student Appreciation in Residence) Positive Recognition program. The program encourages positive behaviour in residence and recognize individuals who help others in need. Recipients are given a certificate as well as remuneration for their contributions. The Student Life Centre is the centre of student governance and student-directed social, cultural, entertainment, and recreational activities. It consists of the John Deutsch University Centre (JDUC), Grey House, Carruthers Hall, Queen’s Journal House, MacGillivray-Brown Hall, and the non-athletic sections of Queen's Centre. Collectively, these buildings provide 10,500 square metres (113,000 sq ft) of space to the Queen's community. The JDUC contains the offices of a number of student organizations, including the Alma Mater Society of Queen's University (AMS) and the Society of Graduate and Professional Students (SGPS), as well as retail and food services. The university has 21 food outlets throughout the campus, as well as three major residence dining facilities. Queen's has off-campus faculties in the Kingston area and abroad. The university has a second campus in Kingston, known as the west campus. Acquired in 1969, the west campus is 2 km (1.2 mi) west of the main campus, and covers 27 ha (67 acres) of land. It has two student residences, the Faculty of Education, the Coastal Engineering Lab, and several athletic facilities, including the Richardson Memorial Stadium. In May 2007, the university approved the designs for the Isabel Bader Centre for Performing Arts, also in Kingston. The new centre for performing arts was expected to open in 2014. The university owns a research facility in Rideau Lakes, Ontario, known as the Queen's University Biological Station. Opened during the 1950s, the field station encompasses approximately 3,000 ha (7,400 acres) of property, a range of habitat types typical of Eastern Ontario, and many species of conservation concern in Canada. Queen's has an agreement with Novelis Inc. to acquire a 20-hectare (49-acre) property next to the company's research and development centre in Kingston. The agreement is part of the plan to establish Innovation Park at Queen's University, an innovative technology park at the corner of Princess and Concession Streets. The property was acquired for $5.3 million, a portion of the $21 million grant Queen's received from the Ontario government last spring to pioneer this innovative new regional R&D "co-location" model. Queen's leases approximately 7,900 square metres (85,000 sq ft) of the Novelis R&D facilities to accommodate faculty-led research projects that have industrial partners and small and medium-size companies with a research focus and a desire to interact with Queen's researchers. The remainder of the government funds support further development of the technology park to transform the property into a welcoming and dynamic site for business expansion and relocation. The Bader International Study Centre (BISC) is housed in Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex, England, which was donated to Queen's in 1993 by alumnus Alfred Bader. BISC is academically fully integrated with Queen's, although financially self-sufficient. Its mission is to provide academic programs for undergraduate students whose academic interests are oriented toward the United Kingdom, Europe, and the European Union; continuing-education programs for executives and other professional or "special interest" groups; a venue for conferences and meetings; a base for international graduate students and other scholars undertaking research in the United Kingdom and Europe; and an enhanced educational, social, and cultural environment for the local community, using the unique heritage of the castle. The opportunity to study at the BISC is not limited to Queen's students. Queen's has academic exchange agreements with Canadian and foreign universities. Queen's Sustainability Office, created in 2008, is charged with the university's green initiatives and creating awareness about environmental issues. The office is headed by a sustainability manager, who works with the university, external community groups, and the government. In 2009, with the signing of the Ontario Universities Committed to a Greener World agreement, Queen's pledged to transform its campus into a model of environmental responsibility. Queen's was the second Ontario university to sign the University and College Presidents’ Climate Change Statement of Action for Canada, in 2010. The university campus received a B grade from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card for 2011. Academics at Queen's is organized into ten undergraduate, graduate, and professional faculties and schools. The governance of the university is conducted through the Board of Trustees, the Senate, and the University Council, all three of which were established under the Royal Charter of 1841. The Board is responsible for the university's conduct and management and its property, revenues, business, and affairs. Ex officio governors of the Board include the university's chancellor, principal, and rector. The Board has 34 other trustees, 33 of whom are elected by the various members of the university community, including elected representatives from the student body. The representative from Queen's Theological College is the only appointed trustee. The Senate is responsible for determining all academic matters affecting the university as a whole, including student discipline. It consists of 17 ex officio positions granted to the principal and vice-chancellor, the vice-principals of the university, the senior dean of each faculty, dean of student affairs, the deputy provost, and the presidents of the undergraduate, graduate, and faculty associations. The Senate also consists of 55 other members, appointed or elected by various communities of the university, including elected representatives of the student body. Gordon Hall houses many of Queen's administrative offices. The Royal Charter of 1841 was amended to include the University Council in 1874. The Council is a composite of the Board of Trustees, senators, and an equal number of elected graduates. It serves as both an advisory and an ambassadorial body to the university as a whole and is responsible for the election of the chancellor. Although it is not directly involved in operations, the Council may bring to the Senate or Board of Trustees any matter it believes affects Queen's well-being. The Council meets once per year, typically in May. The Chancellor is the highest officer and the ceremonial head of the University. The office was created in 1874 and first filled in 1877, although it was only enshrined in law in 1882 after its amendment into the Royal Charter of 1841. The responsibilities of the Chancellor include presiding over convocations, conferring degrees, and chairing the annual meetings of the Council, and the Chancellor is an ex officio, voting member of the Board of Trustees. A person is elected to the office of Chancellor on a three-year term by the Council unless there is more than one candidate, in which case an election is conducted among Queen's graduates. The Principal acts as the chief executive officer of the University under the authority of the Board and the Senate, and supervises and directs the academic and administrative work of the university and of its teaching and non-teaching staff. Since 1974, principals have been appointed for five-year terms, renewable subject to review. The formal authority for the appointment of the Principal rests under the Royal Charter with the Board of Trustees, although recent principals have been selected by a joint committee of trustees and senators. The office of the vice-chancellor has typically been held by the incumbent principal. In 1961, an amendment was secured by the Board to separate the office of principal from vice-chancellor if it wished. The first and only person to hold the office of vice-chancellor but not the office of principal was William Archibald Mackintosh. The current principal is Daniel Woolf, who has served as the twentieth principal since 1 September 2009. On 5 November 2018, it was announced Patrick Deane would assume the role of Principal on 1 July 2019, upon the conclusion of Woolf’s term. The Rector is the third officer of the University, and serves as the highest-ranking representative of the student body. Though the first Rector took office in 1913, this role has been exclusively held by students since 1969, when the student body forced the resignation of then-Rector Senator Gratton O’Leary. Unlike the executives of the various student governments, the Rector represents all students - both undergraduate and graduate - and is elected to a three-year term, though it has become traditional for student Rectors to step down after only two years. Despite standing separately from any student government, the Rector works closely with the AMS and SGPS to represent the interests of their constituent students. This allows the Rector to, both formally and informally, act as an intermediary between students and the university administration on a range of topical, sensitive, or controversial issues. The Rector serves as one of three student representatives on the Board of Trustees (the other two being the Undergraduate and Graduate Student Trustees) and is a recognized observer at the Senate. Additionally, the Rector is often called upon to represent student interests on various committees of the Board and Senate. Finally, the Rector plays a ceremonial role at events such as convocation. The university completed the 2011–12 year with revenues of $947.7 million and expenses of $872.8 million, with an excess of revenues over expenses at $74.9 million. Government grants and student fees make are the two largest sources of income for the university. As of 30 April 2018, Queen's endowment was valued at C$1,084,486,000. The university has been registered as an educational charitable organization by Canada Revenue Agency since 1 January 1967. As of 2011, the university registered primarily as a post-secondary institution, with 70% of the charity dedicated to management and maintenance. The charity has 21% dedicated to research, with the remaining 8% dedicated to awards, bursaries, and scholarships. Proceeds from the charity also go toward Queen's Theological College (as an affiliated college) and the Bader International Study Centre at Herstmonceaux Castle. Queen's is a publicly funded research university and a member of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Full-time undergraduate programs comprise the majority of the school's enrolment, made up of 16,339 full-time undergraduate students. In 2009 the two largest programs by enrolment were the social sciences, with 3,286 full-time and part-time students, followed by engineering, with 3,097 full-time and part-time students. The university conferred 3,232 bachelor's degrees, 153 doctoral degrees, 1,142 master's degrees, and 721 first professional degrees in 2008–9. Queen's University has placed in post-secondary school rankings. The 2019 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 239th in the world and the 10th in Canada. In the 2018 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) rankings, the University ranked 201–300 in the world and 10–12 in Canada. The 2019 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed the university 251–300 in the world, and 11–14 in Canada. In U.S. News & World Report 2019 global university rankings, Queen's placed 371st, and 15th in Canada. The Canadian-based news magazine Maclean's ranked the university 5th in its 2019 Medical-Doctoral university rankings. Queen's also placed in several rankings that evaluated the employment prospects of graduates. In QS's 2019 graduate employability rankings, the university ranked 101–110 in the world and sixth in Canada. In a 2011 survey conducted by Mines ParisTech's, they found Queen's placed 38th in the world and first in Canada for number of graduates employed as the chief executive officer (or equivalent) of Fortune 500 companies. In an employability survey published by the New York Times in October 2011, when CEOs and chairpersons were asked to select the top universities which they recruited from, the university placed 74th in the world and fifth in Canada. Queen's University is a member of the U15, a group that represents 15 Canadian research universities. In 2018, Research Infosource ranked Queen's as the sixth in their list of top 50 research university in Canada, with a sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of $207,034 million in 2017. In the same year, Queen's faculty averaged a sponsored research income of $266,100, while graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $44,300. The federal government is the largest funding source, providing 49.8% of Queen's research budget, primarily through grants. Corporations contribute another 26.3% of the research budget. Queen's research performance has been noted several bibliometric university rankings, which uses citation analysis to evaluates the impact a university has on academic publications. In 2018, the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities ranked Queen's 335th in the world, and 14th in Canada, tied with Simon Fraser University. In University Ranking by Academic Performance's 2018–19 rankings, the university ranked 353rd in the world, and 14th in Canada. The university operates six research centres and institutes, the Centre for Neuroscience Studies, GeoEngineering Centre, High Performance Computing Virtual Laboratory, Human Mobility Research Centre, Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute, and the Southern African Research Centre. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory's director, Arthur B. McDonald, is a member of the university's physics department. The observatory managed the SNO experiment, which showed the solution to the solar neutrino problem was neutrinos change flavour (type) as they propagate through the Sun. The SNO experiment proved a non-zero mass neutrino exists. This was a major breakthrough in cosmology. In October 2015, Arthur B. McDonald and Takaaki Kajita (University of Tokyo) jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physics for illustration of neutrino change identities and identification of mass. This is the first Nobel Prize awarded to a Queen's University researcher. In 1976 urologist Alvaro Morales, along with his colleagues, developed the first clinically effective immunotherapy for cancer by adapting the Bacille Calmette-Guérin tuberculosis vaccine for treatment of early stage bladder cancer. Other research facilities include the Queen's University Biological Station, the largest inland field station in Canada. The Biological Station's mandate is to provide teaching and research opportunities in biology and other related sciences, as well as the conservation of the local environment. Researchers and students have gathered at the biological station to conduct research and participate in courses spanning ecology, evolution, conservation, and environmental biology. In 2002, it became part of the United Nations–recognized Thousand Islands – Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve. Queen's University has a joint venture with McGill University, operating an academic publishing house known as the McGill-Queen's University Press. It publishes original peer-reviewed and books in all areas of the social sciences and humanities. While the press's emphasis is on providing an outlet for Canadian authors and scholarship, the press also publishes authors throughout the world. It has over 2,800 books in print. The publishing house was known as the McGill University Press in 1963 prior to amalgamating with Queen's in 1969. The requirements for admission differ among students from Ontario, students from other provinces in Canada, and international students due to the lack of uniformity in marking schemes. In 2018, 42.5 per cent of applications to full-time first-year studies were accepted. In 2013, the secondary school average for full-time first-year students at Queen's was 89% overall, with the Commerce, Education, and Engineering faculties having the highest entrance averages, at 91.7%, 90.8%, and 90.6% respectively. The application process emphasizes the optional Personal Statement of Experience. The statement expresses how the applicant's personal experiences may contribute to the university. It focuses on qualifications and involvement outside of academics and is an important factor in determining admission. Several faculties require applicants to submit a supplementary essay. Students may apply for financial aid such as the Ontario Student Assistance Program and Canada Student Loans and Grants through the federal and provincial governments. The financial aid provided may come in the form of loans, grants, bursaries, scholarships, fellowships, debt reduction, interest relief, and work programs. In the 2010–11 academic year, Queen's provided $36.5 million worth of student need–based and merit-based financial assistance. The student body of Queen's is represented by two primary students' unions, the Alma Mater Society (AMS) for all undergraduate students - as well as Medicine and MBA students - and the Society of Graduate and Professional Students for graduate and law students. The AMS of Queen's University is the oldest undergraduate student government in Canada. It recognizes more than 200 student clubs and organizations. All accredited extracurricular organizations at Queen's fall under the jurisdiction of either the AMS or the Society of Graduate and Professional Students. The organizations and clubs accredited at Queen's cover a wide range of interests, including academics, culture, religion, social issues, and recreation. The oldest accredited club at Queen's is the Queen's Debating Union, which was formed in 1843 as the Dialectic Society. The Dialectic Society served as a form of student government until the AMS was formed from the Dialectic Society in 1858. The Queen's Bands is a student marching band, founded in 1905, which claims to be the largest and oldest student marching band in Canada. Fraternities and sororities have been banned at the university since a ruling by the AMS in 1933. The ruling was passed in response to the formation of two fraternities in the 1920s. No accredited sororities have ever existed at Queen's. The Engineering Society (Engsoc) is the representative body for engineering students. Formed in 1897, it has 3,000 members on campus, 15,000 active alumni, and an annual budget of $1.7 million. EngSoc oversees about 45 student-run initiatives. The AMS also manages the Student Constable peer-to-peer security service at the university. It is responsible for ensuring the safety of patrons and staff at sanctioned events and venues across the campus, enforcing the governing regulations of the AMS, and upholding regulations stipulated in the Liquor Licence Act of Ontario. Student Constables do not serve as the university's primary security service as they are legally not peace officers, nor are they registered as a private security service under the Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services. The university administration operates its own security service, which is registered in Ontario as a private security service. As of March 2012, the Student Constables are funded through a mandatory $10 fee levied on undergraduates annually by the AMS. The Agnes Benidickson Tricolour Award and induction in the Tricolour Society is the highest tribute that can be paid to a student for valuable and distinguished service to the University in non-athletic, extra-curricular activities. Queen's University's students operate a number of media outlets throughout campus. The Queen's Journal is Queen's main student newspaper. During the academic year, the journal publishes two issues a week, until the last month of the semester, when only one issue is published each week. In total the Queen's Journal publishes 40 issues a year. The newspaper was established in 1873, making it one of the oldest student newspapers in Canada. The other weekly student publication from Queen's is Golden Words, a weekly satirical humour publication managed by the Engineering Society. Queen's student population runs a radio station, CFRC. Queen's radio station is the longest-running campus-based broadcaster in the world, and the second-longest-running radio station in the world, surpassed only by the Marconi companies. The station's first public broadcast was on 27 October 1923, when the football game between Queen's and McGill was called play-by-play. Since 2001, the station has broadcast on a 24-hour schedule. In 1980, a student-run television service called Queen's TV (QTV) was established; as of 2011, episodes aired every weekday on its website and every Wednesday on local television. In 2015, QTV was amalgamated with two other student-run services, Yearbook & Design Services (YDS) and Convocation Services, to form “Studio Q”. Richardson Memorial Stadium is the home to Queen's varsity football team. Sport teams at Queen's University are known as the Golden Gaels. The Golden Gaels sports teams participate in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport's Ontario University Athletics conference for most varsity sports. Varsity teams at Queen's include basketball, cross country, Canadian football, ice hockey, rowing, rugby, soccer, and volleyball. The men's rugby team has won the OUA Championship the past 4 years (2012–16). The athletics program at Queen's University dates back to 1873. With 39 regional and national championships, Queen's football program has secured more championships than any other sport team at Queen's, and more than any other football team in Canada. Queen's and the University of Toronto are the only universities to have claimed Grey Cups (1922, 1923, and 1924), now the championship trophy for the Canadian Football League. Queen’s also competed for the Stanley Cup in 1894–95, 1898–99, and 1905–06. Queen's University has a number of athletic facilities open to both varsity teams and students. The stadium with the largest seating capacity at Queen's is Richardson Memorial Stadium. Built in 1971, the stadium seats 8,500 and is home to the varsity football team. The stadium has also hosted a number of international games, including Canada's second-round 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification games and the inaugural match of the Colonial Cup, an international rugby league challenge match. The stadium is set to reopen for its inaugural football game on September 17, 2016, after an extensive revitalization. Other athletic facilities at Queen's include the Athletic and Recreation Centre, which houses a number of gymnasiums and pools; Tindall Field, a multi-season playing field and jogging track; Nixon Field, home to the school's rugby teams; and West Campus Fields, which are used by a number of varsity teams and student intramural leagues. Queen's maintains an academic and athletic rivalry with McGill University. Competition between rowing athletes at the two schools has inspired an annual boat race between the two universities in the spring of each year since 1997, inspired by the famous Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race. The football rivalry, which started in 1884, ended after Canadian university athletic divisions were reorganized in 2000; the Ontario-Quebec Intercollegiate Football Conference was divided into Ontario University Athletics and Quebec Student Sports Federation. The rivalry returned in 2002 when it transferred to the annual home-and-home hockey games between the two institutions. Queen's students refer to these matches as "Kill McGill" games, and usually show up in Montreal in atypically large numbers to cheer on the Queen's Golden Gaels hockey team. In 2007, McGill students arrived in busloads to cheer on the McGill Redmen, occupying a third of Queen's Jock Harty Arena. The school also competes in the annual Old Four (IV) soccer tournament, along with McGill, the University of Toronto, and the University of Western Ontario. The coat of arms appeared as early as 1850 but was not registered with the College of Arms until 1953. The coat of arms was registered with the Scottish equivalent of the College of Arms, the Lord Lyon King of Arms, in 1981 and with the Canadian Heraldic Authority during Queen's sesquicentennial celebrations in 1991. The coat of arms is based on that of the University of Edinburgh, the institution after which Queen's was modelled. The coat of arms consists of a gold shield with red edges, divided into four triangular compartments by a blue, diagonal St. Andrew's Cross. A golden book, symbolizing learning, sits open at the centre of the cross. In each of the four compartments is an emblem of the university's Canadian and British origins: a pine tree for Canada, a thistle for Scotland, a rose for England, and a shamrock for Ireland. The border is decorated with eight gold crowns, symbolic of Queen Victoria and the university's Royal Charter. Queen's motto, from Isaiah 33:6, is Sapientia et Doctrina Stabilitas. The Latin motto is literally translated as "Wisdom and knowledge shall be the stability of thy times," and has been in use since the 1850s. A number of songs are commonly played and sung at events such as commencement, convocation, and athletic contests, including the "Queen's College Colours" (1897), also known as "Our University Yell" and "Oil Thigh", with words by A.E. Lavell, sung to the tune of "John Brown's Body". "Oil Thigh", created in 1891, consists of the old song "Queen's College Colours". The name "Oil Thigh" comes from the chorus of the song, which begins with the Gaelic words "oil thigh". The modern version of the song was crafted in 1985, when a line was changed to include Queen's woman athletes in the cheer. Blue, gold and red are the official colours of the university, and can be seen on its flag. Queen's official colours are gold, blue, and red. Queen's colours are also used on the school flag. It displays three vertical stripes, one for each colour. In the upper-left corner on the blue stripe is a yellow crown, symbolizing the royal charter. The university also has a ceremonial flag, which is reserved for official university uses. The ceremonial flag is a square design of the Queen's coat of arms. The university also has a tartan, made up of six colours, each representing an academic discipline: blue (medicine), red (arts & science), gold (applied science), white (nursing science), maroon (commerce & MBA), light blue (Kinesiology and Physical Education), and purple (theology). The tartan was created in 1966 by Judge John Matheson and is registered under the Scottish Tartans Authority. Sir Robert Borden, 8th Prime Minister of Canada. Norihito, Prince Takamado, member of the Imperial House of Japan. Kathleen Wynne, 25th Premier of Ontario and first LGBT Premier in Canada. Fraser Stoddart, Nobel Laureate in chemistry for his work with molecular machines. Arthur B. McDonald, Nobel Laureate in physics for the discovery of neutrino oscillations. Donald J. Carty, former Chairman and CEO of AMR Corporation. Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX, Tesla Motors, SolarCity, PayPal, and The Boring Company. Queen's graduates have found success in a variety of fields, heading diverse institutions in the public and private sectors. In 2011, the university had over 131,000 alumni, living in 156 countries. Queen's faculty and graduates have won many awards, including the Nobel Prize, the Turing Award, and the Victoria Cross. As of 2016, 57 Queen's students and graduates had been awarded the Rhodes Scholarship. Queen's is also a choice for Loran Award winners, with over 20 scholars attending or having attended the university. In 2013, the artist Raine Storey began attendance at Queen's after being the first visual artist to ever receive the award. Two Nobel laureates are associated with the university, including faculty member Arthur B. McDonald, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics for fundamental research elucidating neutrino change identities and mass, and former National Research Council postdoctoral fellow at Queen's Sir Fraser Stoddart, awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the design and synthesis of molecular machines". Another notable individual associated with University is Sandford Fleming, an engineer who first proposed the use of a universal time standard and the former Chancellor of Queen's. Notable alumni in the field of science include Adolfo de Bold, who won the Gairdner Foundation Award for the discovery and isolation of atrial natriuretic peptide, and Shirley Tilghman, a microbiologist and former President of Princeton University. Notable politicians who were once Chancellor include Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada, Roland Michener, Governor General of Canada, and provincial premiers Peter Lougheed and Charles Avery Dunning. Many alumni have gained international prominence for serving in government, including Prince Takamado, member of the Imperial House of Japan, and Kenneth O. Hall, the fifth Governor General of Jamaica. The 29th Governor General of Canada, David Johnston, was also a former graduate and faculty member of the university. Three Canadian premiers are also alumni of Queen's: William Aberhart, the 7th Premier of Alberta, Frank McKenna, the 27th Premier of New Brunswick, and Kathleen Wynne, the 25th Premier of Ontario. The 14th Premier of Alberta, Alison Redford, also attended the university for two years. Thomas Cromwell, a Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, was a graduate of the university. Prominent alumni who became leaders in business include Derek Burney, former chairman and CEO of Bell Canada; Donald J. Carty, chairman of Virgin America and Porter Airlines and former chairman and CEO of AMR Corporation; Earle McLaughlin, former president and CEO of Royal Bank of Canada; Gordon Nixon, president and CEO of the Royal Bank of Canada; Kimbal Musk, co-founder of Zip2; and F. C. Kohli, founder of Tata Consultancy Services. Alumnus David A. Dodge was the 7th Governor of the Bank of Canada and the 13th Chancellor of Queen's. Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX, and Tesla, Inc., attended Queen's for two years. ^ "Senate Seal". Queen's University. Retrieved 8 August 2017. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "General History". Queen's University. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011. ^ a b "Mottoes". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ a b c d "2017-18 Consolidated Financial Statements" (PDF). Queen's University. 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018. ^ "Administration/Governance". Governance. Retrieved 26 May 2018. ^ a b c "Queen's Quick Facts". Queen's University. Retrieved 29 September 2014. ^ a b c "Student Enrolment". Office of Planning & Budgeting. Queen's University. Retrieved 4 May 2018. ^ a b c "Inventory and Assessment" (PDF). Campus Plan 2002. Queen's University. 2002. Retrieved 26 July 2011. ^ "Queen's University Visual Identity Guide" (PDF). Queen's University. Retrieved 21 January 2018. ^ "Boo Hoo the Bear". Queen's University. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ a b c d "Consolidation of The Royal Charter of Queen's University and its Amending Statutes" (PDF). Queen's University. October 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011. ^ a b "An Act Respecting the Incorporation of Queen's Theological College" (PDF). Queen's University. July 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011. ^ a b "Academics". Queen's University. Retrieved 26 July 2011. ^ a b Neatby, Hilda (1978). Queen's University: Volume I, 1841-1917: And Not to Yield. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 214–216. ISBN 0-7735-6074-2. ^ Category: | Queen's University News Centre Archived 12 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Queensu.ca. Retrieved on 2013-08-12. ^ a b "Queen's Gazette". Queen's University. 2016. ^ Neatby, Hilda (1978). Queen's University, Vol I: Volume I, 1841–1914: And Not to Yield. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 25. ISBN 0-7735-0336-6. ^ Neatby, Hilda (1978). Queen's University, Vol I: Volume I, 1841–1914: And Not to Yield. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-7735-0336-6. ^ "Commercial Bank of the Midland District". Queen's University. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ Frankson, Greg (2001). "Profile of Robert Sutherland". Queen's University. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2011. ^ "Theological Hall". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ "Theological Studies program at Queen's". Retrieved 16 March 2019. ^ Wilgar, W.P. "Queen's Remembers: The First World War". Queen's University. Retrieved 24 June 2008. ^ "Franklin D. Roosevelt Address at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada". University of California, Santa Barbara. 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011. ^ "Queen's Remembers: The Second World War". Queen's University. Retrieved 24 June 2008. ^ "Memorial Room". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ "Royal Visits". Queen's University. Retrieved 8 August 2011. ^ a b "About the Bader International Study Centre (BISC)". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ a b Macdonald, Kerri; Woods, Michael (14 November 2008). "Confronting a culture of silence". The Queen's Journal. The Queen's Journal. Retrieved 11 July 2009. ^ Henry, Frances (April 2004). "Understanding the Experiences of Visible Minority and Aboriginal Faculty Members at Queen's University" (PDF). Senate Educational Equity Committee (SEEC) Response to the Henry Report. Queen's University. p. 145. Retrieved 8 August 2011. ^ Clancy, Clare (24 October 2008). "Henry report revisited". The Queen's Journal. The Queen's Journal. Retrieved 11 June 2009. ^ "Members of the Matariki Network of Universities". Matariki Network of Universities. Retrieved 2 March 2011. ^ "Welcome to the Matariki Network of Universities "Partnering for a better world"". Matariki Network of Universities. Retrieved 8 August 2011. ^ a b "Grant Hall". Queen's University. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ "35 – Queen's" (PDF). Neighborhood Profiles (Census 2006). City of Kingston Planning and Development Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Acknowledgement of Territory | Four Directions Aboriginal Student Centre". queensu.ca. Retrieved 22 March 2018. ^ "Summerhill". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ Rideout, Dave (29 November 2018). "Mitchell Hall ready to open its doors". Queen's University. Retrieved 18 March 2019. ^ "Kingston General Hospital National Historic Site of Canada". Parks Canada. Retrieved 31 August 2012. ^ "Donald Gordon Centre". Queen's University. 2 March 2012. ^ "Roselawn National Historic Site of Canada". Parks Canada. Retrieved 31 August 2012. ^ "Facts and Figures 2007/08". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ a b "Locations & Hours". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Collections held in Special Collections". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Kathleen Ryan Hall". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 2 August 2017. ^ "The Miller Museum". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Miller Museum of Geology". Canadian Information Exchange Network's Professional Exchange. 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2013. ^ "Agnes Etherington Art Centre". Canadian Heritage Information Network. 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2013. ^ "About the Art Centre". Agnes Etherington Art Centre. 2 March 2012. ^ "Union Gallery – History". Union Gallery. 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Designated Students' Residences". Queen's Printer for Ontario. 21 October 2011. Archived from the original on 29 April 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012. ^ "Victoria Hall". Queen's University. 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012. ^ "Section E1 – Residence of First-Time, Full-Time, First Year Undergraduate Students in Previous Year". Queen's University. Retrieved 5 March 2012. ^ "Residence Society History". ResSoc.ca. The Residence Society. Retrieved 30 December 2018. ^ "StAR Program". ResSoc. The Residence Society. Retrieved 31 December 2018. ^ "StAR Program". Queen's University Residences. Queen's University. Retrieved 31 December 2018. ^ "Student Centre Office". Queen's University Alma Mater Society. 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012. ^ "Services". 2012. Retrieved 5 March 2012. ^ "Dining Halls & Eateries". Queen's University. 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016. ^ "A Brief History of Campus". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Specifications – Isabel Bader Centre of Performing Arts". Queen's University. Retrieved 21 February 2013. ^ "Description and History". Queen's University Biological Station. Retrieved 17 September 2012. ^ a b c "Queen's acquires Novelis property to develop innovative technology park". Queen's University. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 30 November 2008. ^ "Founding Mission Statement of the Bader International Study Centre (1994)". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Academic Partners". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Queen's Sustainability Office". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Ontario Universities Committed to a Greener World". Council of Ontario Universities. November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Signatories". The Research Universities' Council of BC. Retrieved 25 December 2010. ^ Gereb, Eszter (14 February 2012). "Queen's behind on climate action plan". The Queen's Journal. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Queen's University – Green Report Card 2011". Sustainable Endowments Institute. 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ a b "Board of Trustees". Queen's University. Retrieved 9 December 2011. ^ a b "Senate". Queen's University. Retrieved 9 December 2011. ^ a b "University Council". Queen's University. Retrieved 9 December 2011. ^ "Chancellors". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 19 September 2012. ^ "Principals". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 19 September 2012. ^ "Mackintosh, William Archibald (1895–1970)". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 19 September 2012. ^ "About the Principal | Office of the Principal and Vice-Chancellor". www.queensu.ca. 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Retrieved 8 December 2011. ^ "International Professional Ranking of Higher Education Institutions" (PDF) (in French). MINES ParisTech. 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ "Research Funding (Funds Flow Basis)" (PDF). Report on the Annual Budget 2010–11. Queen's University. November 2010. p. 147. Retrieved 8 December 2011. ^ "Research Centres, Institutes, and Other Entities". Queen's University. Retrieved 10 March 2012. ^ Lang, Kenneth R. (2000). The sun from space. 1. Springer. p. 67. ISBN 3-540-66944-2. ^ a b "The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics – Press Release". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 6 October 2015. ^ "Congratulations to Dr. Art McDonald for the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics! | Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy". www.queensu.ca. Retrieved 1 February 2016. ^ "Immunology of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and Related Topics, R. Wittes, Clin. Infectious Dis. 31:S59-S63, 2000". cid.oxfordjournals.org. Retrieved 15 April 2016. ^ Littlejohn, Katy (2 February 2009). "Science students head into the woods". Queen's Journal. Retrieved 13 May 2013. ^ "Mandate & Goals - Queen's University Biological Station". Queen's University Biological Station. 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018. ^ "Biosphere Reserve Nomination Form: Canadian Thousand Islands - Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve" (pdf). Canadian Biosphere Research Network. 8 November 2002. Retrieved 13 May 2013. ^ "Publishing with MQUP". McGill-Queen's University Press. 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2011. ^ "About MQUP". McGill-Queen's University Press. 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2011. ^ Parker, George L. (2011). "University Presses". The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Historica Dominion Institute. Retrieved 8 December 2011. ^ "Queen's University" (PDF). Standards & Poor's. 18 May 2018. p. 7. Retrieved 14 March 2019. ^ "Section B1 – Applicants and Registrants by Program, 2013". Queen's University. 2013. ^ "Personal Statement of Experience (PSE) and Supplementary Essay". Queen's University. Retrieved 8 December 2011. ^ "Overview and Available Funding". Queen's University. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ "Common University Data Ontario - 2017: Queen's University". Council of Ontario Universities. Retrieved 17 March 2019. ^ a b "About Your AMS". Queen's University Alma Mater Society Inc. 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "SGPS Information". Queen's University. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "Get Involved!". Queen's University. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "Part 7: Extracurricular organizations/clubs" (PDF). The Constitution of the Alma Mater Society of Queen's University. Alma Mater Society of Queen's University. September 2006. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "QDU History". Queen's Debating Union. 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "Dialectic Society of Queen's College". Queen's University. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "Alma Mater Society (AMS)". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. 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Queen's Journal. The Queen's Journal. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "Golden Words". Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "A Brief History of CFRC". CFRC 101.9 FM. 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "About Queen's TV". Queen's TV. 2011. Retrieved 26 August 2011. ^ "Studio Q: gains and losses". The Journal. Retrieved 6 November 2018. ^ "Gaels Claim Third Consecutive OUA Championship Beating Guelph 32-23 - Ontario University Athletics (OUA)". ^ a b "Championships". Queen's University. 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011. ^ "Stadium Key Facts". Queen's University. 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2016. ^ "International Sporting Events held at Richardson Stadium". Queen's University. 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011. ^ "Athletics and Recreation Centre". Queen's University. 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011. ^ "Tindall Field". Queen's University. 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011. ^ "Kingston Field". Queen's University. 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2011. ^ "West Campus Fields". Queen's University. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016. ^ Pattison, Mike (18 August 2018). "Women's Soccer Claim Old Four Tournament Title, Men split weekend 1-1". Queen's University Athletics and Recreation. Retrieved 18 March 2019. ^ a b "The Coat of Arms". Queen's University. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ Green, Rebecca (2011). "College Songs and Songbooks". The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Historica Foundation of Canada. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ "Oil Thigh". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ "Colours of the university". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 30 September 2012. ^ "Coat of Arms". Queen's Encyclopedia. Queen's University. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ "Queen's Trademarks" (PDF). Alumni Association Visual Identity Guide. Queen's University. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ "Queen's University Ont. (Corporate) Tartan". The Scottish Tartans Authority. Retrieved 7 December 2011. ^ "Queen's Alumni Branches". 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Retrieved 26 December 2016. ^ Gibson 1983, p. 46. ^ Hamilton, Roberta (2002). Setting the agenda: Jean Royce and the shaping of Queen's University. University of Toronto Press. p. 225. ISBN 0-8020-3671-6. ^ "Lougheed, Peter, Hon. (b. 1928)". Queen's University. Retrieved 2 March 2012. ^ Gibson 1983, p. 226. ^ "Gift Received from the Japan Foundation: Prince Takamado Memorial Collection". Queen's University. 25 June 2004. Retrieved 21 May 2011. ^ "The Most Honourable Professor Sir Kenneth Octavius Hall, ON, GCMG, OJ Governor-General of Jamaica". Kings House. 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011. ^ "Ex-law professor named Governor General". Queen's University. 8 July 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2013. ^ "William Aberhart's Social Credit Party". The Applied History Research Group. 1997. Retrieved 21 May 2011. ^ "Frank McKenna". TD Bank Financial Group. Retrieved 21 May 2011. ^ "Alberta Premier to speak at campus forum". Queen's University. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2013. ^ "The Honourable Mr. Justice Thomas Albert Cromwell". Supreme Court of Canada. 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. ^ Burney, Derek (2005). Getting it Done: A Memoir. McGill-Queens University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0-7735-2926-8. ^ "Donald J. Carty". Dell. 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011. ^ Kenniff, Patrick (2009). "Honorary Degree Citation – W. Earle McLaughlin". Concordia University. Retrieved 11 August 2011. ^ "GORDON M. NIXON". Royal Bank of Canada. 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011. ^ "Growing gardens and young minds". Queen's Alumni Review: Science on the small scale. 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2017. ^ Woofe, Daniel (2010). "India: some reflections and lessons learned". Queen's University. Retrieved 5 May 2018. ^ "David Dodge". Bank of Canada. 2011. Archived from the original on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011. ^ "Elon Musk". Business Insider, Inc. 21 May 2011. ^ Jonathon Gatehouse (29 July 2010). "Elon Musk, the geek tycoon". Maclean's. Rogers Media Inc. Retrieved 21 May 2011. Carpenter, Thomas H. (1990). Queen's : the first one hundred & fifty year. Hedgehog Productions. ISBN 1-895261-00-7. Gibson, Frederick W. (1983). Queen's University, Volume 2, 1917–1961: To Serve and Yet Be Free. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0376-5. Hamilton, Roberta (2002). Setting the Agenda: Jean Royce and the Shaping of Queen's University. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-3671-6. Neatby, Hilda (1978). Queen's University, Vol I: Volume I, 1841–1914: And Not to Yield. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0336-6. Rawlyk, George; Quinn, Kevin (1980). The Redeemed of the Lord Say So: A History of Queen’s Theological College 1912–1972. Queen’s Theological College. ISBN 0-88911-016-6. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Queen's University (Canada).

Whether compensation received towards hardship caused to assessee on redevelopment of flat was in the nature of capital receipt and as such not taxable? “It is not even the case of the AO that the compensation received by the assessee is in the revenue field, and rightly so because the residential flat owned by the assessee in society building is certainly a capital asset in the hands of the assessee and compensation is referable to the same. The only defence put up by DR is that cash compensation received by the assessee is nothing but his share in profits earned by the developer which are essentially revenue items in nature. This argument however proceeds on the fallacy that the nature of payment in the hands of payer also ends up determining it's nature in the hands of the recipient. In order to find out whether it is a capital receipt or revenue receipt, one has to see what it is in the hands of the receiver and not what it is in the hands of the payer" 2) Following the judgment of Kushal (Supra), it could be held that such compensation could not be said to be of revenue nature, and, accordingly, the same was outside the ambit of income under section 2(24).

The National Park System is very popular with the American people: it’s nearly overwhelmed with visitors, and it’s an American institution we might think the Trump administration would leave alone. We would be wrong. In its first year the administration has initiated more attacks of potentially devastating consequences for the Park System than any administration since Ronald Reagan, and perhaps since the first national park, Yellowstone, was established in 1872. Parks and other protected areas like the National Wilderness Preservation System and national wildlife refuges are essential to rewilding America, serving as core habitat areas for wide-ranging and migrating species in fragmented landscapes. If connectivity for wildlife populations is to be achieved across landscapes, particularly in the American West, national parks must become more, not less, secure in the public land system. Many actions that threaten the national parks have been proposed in the first year of the Trump administration.1 Energy production has been prioritized over park protection, the Antiquities Act is being challenged and national monuments downsized, and the President’s budget reduces the NPS budget and staffing as visitation grows. At this writing many of the proposed actions are being resisted with litigation, protest (as in public demonstrations and the Outdoor Industry Association moving its shows from Utah), and media coverage of the negative consequences to the parks and other public lands from actions and proposed actions. My goal here is to review what I see as two overarching threats to the Park System posed by the Trump administration. I will look at other threats in a follow-up essay. The two overarching threats are related. One is a rejection of science as the foundation of policy by the administration, and the second is denial of climate change.2 Rejection of science as guidance for national park policy did not begin with the Trump administration. Throughout the history of the national parks there has been tension over the purpose of the parks and the mission of the National Park Service. The National Park Act of 1916 establishing the National Park Service set the stage for this tension when it stated “the purpose [of parks, monuments, and reservations] is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.”3 The Park Service was charged with protecting park resources, which would involve science, while providing for “enjoyment,” which did not. This set up the tension between conservation and recreation. On August 16, 2017 Acting NPS Director Michael Reynolds rescinded this order, reportedly at the direction of higher-ranking officials within the Interior Department. The Trump administration’s rejection of science and denial of climate change were undoubtedly factors behind this action, though no reason was given by Acting Director Reynolds. Director Jarvis tasked the National Parks Advisory Board, through its Science Committee, with review of the report issued in 1963 known as the Leopold Report (officially Wildlife Management in the National Parks). This report had significantly influenced philosophy, policy, and practice of the NPS for fifty years, but the world had changed, and its recommendations were not sufficient to meet the stewardship challenges of the 21st century. Jarvis asked the Committee to consider three questions: “What should be the goals of resource management in the National Park System? What policies for resource management are necessary to achieve these goals? What actions are required to implement these policies?”7 The Committee submitted its report in August 2012. The answer to the first question was “to steward NPS resources for continuous change that is not yet fully understood, in order to preserve ecological integrity and cultural and historical authenticity, provide visitors with transformative experiences, and form the core of a national conservation land-and seascape.”8 The Service might address these goals by, among other measures, prioritizing “the protection of habitats that may serve as climate refugia, ensuring the maintenance of critical migration and dispersal corridors, and strengthening the resilience of park ecosystems.” It should embrace the precautionary principle as the operating guide for its stewardship actions. In answer to the second question, policy and decision making should be based on “best available sound science, accurate fidelity to the law, and long-term public interest (italics in the report).”9 As to actions required to implement these policies, the Committee emphasized expanding “scientific capacity” of the NPS which might include increased monitoring, citizen science, and especially increased training in science for managers, including park superintendents. It emphasized integrating natural and cultural resource stewardship and stated that “This integration recognizes the impact of humans on their environment and the impact of a changing environment on humans.”11 These passages alone may have been the trigger for rescission of the Order with their mention of climate change and emphasis on science. All of this adds up to turmoil about “America’s Best Idea” as filmmaker Ken Burns titled his series on America’s national parks. There is no Advisory Board, no NPS Director, and clear signals that the Trump Administration wishes to take the National Park System in new directions that do not recognize climate change and do not emphasize the primacy of science in stewardship of park resources. Stay tuned. 3 An Act to Establish a National Park Service, and for Other Purposes, Approved August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535). 4 See Richard West Sellars, Preserving Nature in the National Parks: A History. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997). 5 Sellars, Preserving Nature in National Parks, p. 284. 6 Director’s Order #100: p. 1. 7 Cover letter to Jonathan Jarvis from Tony Knowles and Rita Colwell, for Revisiting Leopold: Resource Stewardship in the National Parks, A Report of the National Parks Advisory Board Science Committee, August 25, 2012. 8 Revisiting Leopold, p. 11. 9 Revisiting Leopold, p. 17. 11 Director’s Order #100, p. 4. 12 Krista Langlois, ”Why the National Park Advisory Board Imploded,” High Country News, Jan. 18, 2018. 13 Quoted by Rob Hotakainen, “Zinke’s ‘crazy policies’ Sparked Resignations,” Greenwire, January 17, 2018.

Ask business executives what tools they are focused on and eight out of 10 times they'll sayserver optimisation. It is little wonder why. Most servers are grossly underutilised, processing at a fraction of their potential capacity, while still eating up a nice chunk of your IT budget. By optimising those underachieving servers, you can harness that capacity more effectively. -- Logical Consolidation: This refers to an IT department that implements a unified management system across its servers. Although logical consolidation does not relocate or consolidate any servers, it does simplify management and eases the IT workload. -- Centralised Consolidation: This involves moving servers to one or two locations. Rather than maintaining servers at various branch offices, everything is housed at centralised locations — at the company headquarters or datacentre, for example. -- Physical Consolidation: With physical consolidation, an organisation reduces the total number of servers by merging the workload onto fewer, more powerful servers. -- Operational Consolidation: Also called application consolidation, operational consolidation is the most complex. Unlike physical consolidation, an operational consolidation runs multiple platforms and diverse applications on a single server (or cluster). This technique uses partitioning and virtualisation to run many virtual servers on a single machine. -- Plan: Begin by taking an environmental profile, which includes the number of servers and applications you have, the amount of disk space and your current utilisation rate. Use this data to outline a plan of action and to determine the potential financial and operational savings associated with optimisation. -- Phase: As with your other IT initiatives, structure the plan in phases, so the implementation affects discrete parts of the infrastructure one at a time. Phasing in your implementation not only minimises the risk to your infrastructure, it may also help you to fund one optimisation project with the savings from a previous project, reducing the upfront cost of upgrading your infrastructure. -- Implement: Once you have a phased plan of action with desired performance outcomes, focus on configuration and implementation. Unfortunately, every market and business model has an IT infrastructure to support it, so single-brand, pre-fabricated optimisation solutions will probably not have the customisation required to fit your organisation. Work with an IT provider who can deliver a wide range of optimisation solutions from multiple vendors, and do not hesitate to look at multiple options before committing to one. — Manage and assess: After each phase of implementation, schedule time to manage and assess the new infrastructure to identify any problems and to measure the financial and operational gains. This will help you avoid any major gaps created during implementation and provide valuable metrics for justifying the continued investment in optimisation. -- Evolve: Although server optimisation technologies are now fairly mature (many in their third or fourth generations), vendors will continue to make strides in both software and hardware. Periodically review your utilisation and capacity figures to assess whether your organisation could benefit from either the new technologies or the next level of server optimisation. Finally, do not forget that any of the server optimisation approaches will likely change your datacentre environment. New servers often consume more power and require more cooling than older, less efficient servers. As a result, your smaller number of optimised servers may have different environmental and power requirements than your previous set-up. Make sure you have the power and cooling infrastructure to address the changes. Ultimately, server optimisation is both a technology and a business decision. Although the benefits to IT are substantial, CDW's research shows that 66% of IT managers consolidate to reduce costs. As business leaders are always looking for ways to improve shareholder value, investing your time and effort in an optimisation initiative is a proactive way of highlighting how IT contributes to your organisation's success.

If you are the buyer in a home sale transaction, you should be prepared to submit an offer to the seller. An offer is not simply the price -- there are more components involved. The real estate agent will act as the conveyor of information. There are a few things to look out for in such negotiations: 1) include a finance contingency, even if you have loan pre-approval, 2) insist on an engineer's, termite and radon inspection contingencies, 3) itemize the personal property you want included, such as chandeliers or drapes, and 4) submit the closing date you prefer. Buyers should be prepared to make their best offer first, but if that offer is not acceptable to the seller, they should expect to go through a round of counter-offers.

We've all come to grasps with the facts that your privacy online, and anonymity, is under attack, but that can be countered using a virtual private network (VPN) such as that of NordVPN. By choosing to use a VPN, on mobile, desktop, or laptop computers, you're ensuring that your safety is not only bolstered by hiding your location, but also be vulnerable to withstanding attempts from online enterprises to harvest your information. It's common in today's market for websites to data-mine, and as a consumer, using software and applications from a company such as NordVPN is the most important means of security that you can add to your daily devices. Whether it's on iOS, Android, Windows, Linux, ChromeOS, macOS, Raspberry Pi, or a variety of other operating systems and even routers,<a href="https://nordvpn.com/tutorials/"> NordVPN has simple tutorials </a>for even the most tech-illiterate user to follow. The benefits of using a service like NordVPN can't be matched, and with access to over 4,738 servers located globally, it's difficult to find a quality means of security at the low rates NordVPN offers. You could also be censored by your internet service provider from visiting specific websites, and using a powerful service like NordVPN prevents this censorship from affecting you. Yes, <i>there are free VPNs</i>, which are heavily used, that as a result, causes the slowing down of data-transfer speeds for both uploading and downloading, and lagging your devices with unnecessary bloat and advertising. Free VPNs simply aren't guaranteed to be secure, and at the low price of NordVPN, you'd be insane not to subscribe. Regardless of your global location, there's an intentional effort to mine and harvest the data we accrue while surfing the internet, and that data is then sold for profit to the highest bidder. This especially occurs on social media platforms, who make up a large portion of their quarterly revenues with the profits made from data-mining, and most Americans have no idea this is happening. NordVPN is a virtual private network client I recommend and <i>personally use</i> because they have a certain <i>respect for your privacy</i> at their company, and to me, that matters. As part of the NordVPN “no logs policy,” they're protecting your personal data without tracking you or storing any of your private information. NordVPN also makes use of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with 256 bit-keys, and for those who aren't sure what that means, it's essentially military-grade encryption. In fact, it was originally developed to be used by the United States government to secure classified information within Congress and various federal law enforcement agencies, and by the NSA to protect America's national security data, guaranteeing that your protection is unmatched in terms of quality assurance. It's impossible for even the most advanced computers on earth to crack the NordVPN security protocol family's newest addition, which is called IKEv2/IPsec. IKEv2/IPsec encrypts and secures the traffic to and from your devices by utilizing high-level cryptographic algorithms and keys. In addition to this, NordVPN utilizes NGE (Next Generation Encryption) in IKEv2/IPsec. What this means is you're guaranteed both the most reliable security on the planet available for the general public's usage, with state of the art encryption protocols, and a promise that you won't see slowing speeds or diminished performance on applications. I keep my VPN running all day, and all night, and yes, even on my phone. I won't log in to Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, or anywhere else without my VPN running. It does not affect my device's performance, does not delay or slow text messaging or phone calls, and it doesn't cause me to have to worry as to whether I'm safe, because with NordVPN, I know I'm secure at all times. The setup process for NordVPN is also extremely simple, whether it be for your home computer, laptop, tablet, or mobile phone. A two-year plan right now on NordVPN’s website is running at an amazing $3.29 <i>per month</i> which is extremely inexpensive for this level of security, at 72% as of the time of this writing. If you prefer no obligations, you make a one-time payment of $11.95 a month, which is still a bargain for the type of protection you're offered. Keep in mind you can also use six different devices on a single plan, which guarantees that your entire family is protected at all times. If you're considering using the internet for social media, chat clients, or just to browse websites? Never use the internet without a VPN. It's that important. Be sure to visit<a href="https://nordvpn.com"> NordVPN </a>today, or download directly to your mobile phone or tablet. If you're a user of<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=NordVPN&hl=en"> Android </a> devices, or if you prefer the<a href="https://itunes.apple.com/app/apple-store/id905953485?mt=8"> iOS </a>lineup, NordVPN is available for both preferences. The most important thing to do is put you and your family's security first on the internet, and stay safe with NordVPN! I can't give this product more praise, because it exceeds my expectations in every category, guaranteeing I'm protected. You absolutely need to go and try it yourself. It will remain my daily driver for my desktop, laptop, tablets, and phone. NordVPN is hands down the best VPN available for all your needs.

What do you think will happen in the elections? This is a question that comes up in every investor meeting these days. I usually start by explaining that elections have no lasting impact on markets: One need only look at the charts that show the Sensex half a year before and after the results day for the last six elections.

President Vladimir Putin has said Russia will follow in the footsteps of the United States and abandon a centrepiece nuclear arms treaty. However, Mr Putin said Moscow will only deploy intermediate-range nuclear missiles if Washington does so. Moscow has denied any breaches and accused Washington of making false accusations in order to justify its withdrawal. Following the US notice of withdrawal from the treaty in six months, Mr Putin said that Russia will do the same. He ordered the development of new land-based intermediate-range weapons, but emphasised that Russia will not deploy them in the European part of the country or elsewhere unless the US does so. The collapse of the treaty has raised fears of a repeat of a Cold War showdown in the s, when the US and the Soviet Union both deployed intermediate-range missiles on the continent. Subscribing to this stand-alone streaming service is a cinch—and with a free trial, you can get quick access to tons of blockbuster films, comedy specials, and stellar original series like Game of Thrones, True Detective, Girls, and Six Feet Under. It typically takes me anywhere from tries before I can get the app to cast to my TV - I have to keep closing, reopening and reconnecting until it randomly decides to work. Once it does connect, I often have trouble maneuvering the interface and perhaps my biggest complaint about both the app and the website: You actually have to wait until an episode ends to get to the next, or go back to search. Not conducive to binge-watching great shows at all, it should be super easy to play next or go back if you want. Share When he returned the child was thrown into the stove. The grandmother, 42, and grandfather, 47, who's surname is Miyagashev, have both been arrested and a criminal investigation has been launched into the 'deliberate murder of a helpless minor', said law enforcement sources. A family member found Maxim's body in the stove after he was thrown in by his grandfather A neighbour said the grandfather had 'gone mad' after getting drunk on vodka and thrown the baby inside the stove, while the grandmother did not help him Police arrested both grandparents at their home and they are now facing life in jail after being charged with murder Neighbour Evgeniy Borgoyakov told Russian television the grandfather had 'turned mad from alcohol. My pain does not ease even for a minute. I can't hug you. Wish you had more interracial videos!

The destination club is reaching out to its suspended members with an offer to bring them back on board. Earlier this year the destination club raised a special assessment from it's members, but at the time approximately 300 of the members did not participate in the assessment and so had their memberships suspended. The club is making a new offer to these suspended members to have them reactivate their memberships and start traveling with the club again. I talked to Rich Keith, Chairman of Ultimate Escapes, the other day about this new offer. Rich explained that the original assessment and resulting suspension was "no fun for anyone, but was absolutely the right thing to do (for the club)". He's talked to many of the suspended members and noted that several had chosen this route because they could not afford the assessment in the current economy, and others wanted to sit it out and see how the club fared. As he candidly put it, "In January, we knew we had a big mountain to climb", but now the club has shed $18m in operating burn rate and he is "starting to get a little bullish" and is "pretty excited about 2010". "Because nothing feels good about members that paid their deposits and dues but cannot travel, Ultimate wants people to enjoy their membership" The suspended members represent millions of dollars of annual dues and very simply the club wants the maximum number of members, in order to be a stronger, larger club. In other words Rich said "it's right thing for the business". The reinstated members will still have to pay their annual dues in order to travel, but can defer their payment of the assessment until they resign, at which time the assessment will be deducted from the refundable portion of their membership deposit. This deferred assessment will carry an interest rate of 10%, which again can be paid out of the final deposit or can be paid each year. The members who are reactivated now will not receive these three "enrichments", and will also not be able to resign for 18 months, that is unless they subsequently pay the assessment. Rich is "excited about having them come back" and joining the active "members (who) are traveling in record numbers and enjoying their travels".

What should you really be giving your baby at a certain age? It is important that your baby gets all the nourishment he needs for proper growth and development. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends starting solids at six months, when your baby has already developed physical skills that will allow his digestive system to take in simple solid food. He is curious about the food that you eat. One of the simplest signs that your baby is ready for solids is when he observes how you chew when you eat. He may open his mouth, too, when you offer him a spoonful. When you give your child some food, you know he's ready when he's able to move food from the front to the back of his mouth. He will also show hunger cues even after six to eight feedings. When your baby can hold his head steady and in an upright position, it's a simple sign he's ready for solid food. He can sit well if supported. Your baby needs to sit upright so he can properly swallow his food. It's best to do this in a high chair or feeding chair. He is steadily gaining weight. You know your little one is ready if he has already doubled his birth weight and is at least 13 pounds. You can start with pureed food with no added flavors. Experiment with foods that vary in taste and texture, but offer one ingredient for three to five days before moving on to another one. This will help you check your baby's allergic reaction to a certain food. Add a little amount of breastmilk or formula to make it a bit runny. Eventually, your baby will be able to eat with less liquid. Do one daily feeding when your baby is not tired or hungry, and move on to two to three feedings per day. Cerelac provides infants and toddlers the proper nutrition they need, specifically iron. A child needs five times more iron per kilogram of body weight than adults. Cerelac contains half of the daily iron needs of a child in one serving. Each bowl of Cerelac is a source of zinc, vitamins A, C, and B1. It also contains iodine and omega 3, and essential fatty acid, which the body transforms into DHA, which is essential to your baby's brain development. After mastering pureed food, your baby's maturing digestive system and growing number of teeth will prepare him for a greater variety of solids such as mashed food, followed by semi-solid food. However, avoid whole grapes, marshmallows, and white bread, because these are still too big for him to swallow. Instead, try scrambled eggs, well-cooked pasta, and finely chopped chicken. Make sure that whatever ingredient you choose for baby, it is well cooked and very easy to swallow. When feeding your baby, take it slow and be patient. He needs some time to get used to a certain food before picking his favorites. But do remember that solids are meant to complement breastmilk and not replace it. Milk is still the best source of nutrition until the end of the first two years.

Standing room only at #Afrotech16. Remind me who says there's a pipeline problem to diversify tech? I help companies solve complex strategic, operational and cultural challenges. As a natural born motivator, I bring energy and alignment to problem solving. I focus on ensuring that the vision and strategy are in sync and well understood by the stakeholders behind them. Building on my Organizational Degree and MBA, I make certain that the organization is equipped with the structures, processes, culture and mindset to support execution. I am naturally curious and constantly assessing what makes people tick and what influences their decisions, which provides valuable knowledge around buying habits, growth strategies, and partnerships. I know that leading with a purpose driven foundation and shared intentions are what truly engage and motivate an organization on both an individual and collective level. My results-oriented leadership has built strong relationships and developed high-performing teams both in large-scale companies and small entrepreneurial businesses. In addition to domestic consulting, I have specialized internationally in Latin America and have lived and worked in Chile, Mexico, Brazil and the Dominican Republic, speaking both Spanish and Portuguese. Key strength areas include: strategy consulting, strategic partnerships, relationship-based client service, project management, data analysis, business development, marketing/communications, and empowering teams. In my role as an associate at BSR, I focus on stakeholder engagement and CSR strategies for companies within BSR’s extractives, consumer products, and information and communications technology practices. Prior to BSR, I was a management consultant at Mars & Co., where I analyzed markets and industries to develop high-level strategies for global companies. I specialized in Latin America, with extensive work in Mexico and Brazil. I have also worked as a senior advisor at Centro Community Partners, a nonprofit providing business training and advisory services to underserved entrepreneurs. Fluent in Spanish and proficient in Portuguese, I served as Rotary ambassador in the Dominican Republic and was a Fulbright scholar in Mexico, working at Scotiabank. I hold an M.B.A. from the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management at Claremont Graduate University, and a B.A. in Organizational Development and Spanish from Claremont McKenna College. At least this article defines publish-and-read accurately ... though everything I've seen indicates this agreement is actually a read-and-publish.

What is a Genre A genre is basically the category of any type of art or literature, for example categories of movie would be comedy, horror, thriller etc. Some genres stand The detective film is partly definedout by their subjects by the plot pattern of an or themes investigation that solves a mystery. For example,they can realise the chaos they are creating and help with what they have destroyed, or maybehelp the protagonist in the end.Using effects such as narrative trajectory, bounded world and timescape. Consulta nuestras Condiciones de uso y nuestra Politica de privacidad para mas informacion. Consulta nuestra Politica de privacidad y nuestras Condiciones de uso para mas informacion. Narrative trajectory iswhen the main character has a willingness to live, they will do anything to save a loved one ora large group of people etc. Bounded world is when the main character cant get help from theoutside world as they have been either betrayed or it will have no means. Thrillers also like to use the colour black and white as a convention, it brings a more dark andmenacing feeling to the movie. There are A gangster film large, blanket genre categories that fit many centers on large films. Mirrors and stairs are used often in thriller movies as a convention, it is used inmainly psychological thrillers. We refer commonly to thrillers, yet that scale urban crime term may encompass horror films, detective stories, hostage films such as Die hard or Speed, and many others. This all relates to the iconography of thrillers such as darkness, and narrowedspaces, bars on windows and street lamps.Thrillers also use lots of surprises and cliff-hangers to create suspense, tension and excite for the audiencespleasure. They also use non-believable events that are out of this world, examples are using creatures such asaliens, monster etc. Camera movements are sped up toadd much more tension as the audience will have to keep their eye on the speed and view whats happening. 24.06.2016 at 19:17:47 EBook, Bobby packs in the treasure trove of bonus material shows that you do not. 24.06.2016 at 14:45:25 You don't know her effectively later that day as i stewed a bit she texts sending her.

I’ve been doing a bit of work on Wikipedia lately, which has included editing some protected pages. This got me thinking about the types of pages which get protected, so I had a look at the list. There were the pages I expected to see, which covered controversial topics such as Auschwitz, Homosexuality, and Barack Obama. However, there were also some pages which I didn’t imagine would be on the list. These include articles about TV shows, such as List of SpongeBob SquarePants episodes and The Octonauts, people such as Elton John and Muhammad Ali, and other topics such as Langley Grammar School and Giraffe *. The most common reason for the pages I’ve mentioned here being on the list was to protect them from vandalism. Articles about living people are often protected to ensure that Wikipedia’s policy on the biographies of living persons is adhered to with regard to the verifiability and reliability of sources. Most of the pages have been semi-protected, which means that only people who have made a minimum of 10 edits to Wikipedia and have had a Wikipedia account for more than four days are allowed to make edits. A few are fully protected and can only be edited by Wikipedia administrators. I’m still mystified as to who would want to vandalise a Wikipedia page about The Octonauts. * Some articles are protected temporarily, so the articles listed here may not be protected when you read this post.

Create a checklist of what the Friday employee needs to work on. Have the employee turn it into you. Also, if you don't have security cameras, consider installing for all the obvious reasons, as well as for the employee's safety.

Do people really need to drink alcohol to have a great time? For the last few years (particularly) people have been getting so addicted to alcohol, especially teenagers and they can't go out for a night without getting completely drunk. You aren't really "cool" if you don't drink. It's gotten very bad in New Zealand, on the news there have been some children, underage of course and also those of age, who have drunk so much that they die. Not to mention all the drink driving accidents. It's quite sad actually. I'm 20 and I've only ever had about three glasses of it, and never completely finished a glass I don't think. Now I don't even go near it because it tastes horrible to me But what do you guys think about this? It's a serious problem, NZ has been thinking of raising the drinking age from 18 to 20 but it doesn't really make a difference seeing as so many kids have fake ID's and it's happening all over the world. Well it's the same problem in a lot of countries that teens die. In Germany there are more girls ending up in the hospital than guys. You can drink with 18, a few years ago you were allowed to drink beer, wine etc with 16. But raising the drinking age to 20 won't help at all imo. Alcohol per se in the right amount isn't bad, but alot of people can't handle it. I dont think I could be any more anti it than I already am! Havent touched it for 2 years and have never had more than 3 glasses of beer in one sitting. It is an extremely serious problem. When I was watching the New Years ceremonies in the US the other night they interviewed this one woman. I'd say she was about 18-19 years old. They asked her what was the most embarrassing New Years experience she ever had. She said that she got so drunk one night that she couldn't find her car keys (drunk driving), so she had to walk home. When she got there, she misplaced her house keys and fell asleep on the lawn. When she woke up, she realized it was her neighbors lawn. I live near the [New] Jersey Shore (and no, I do not like Jersey Shore), and every summer teenagers come from all over to party and get drunk. During the day it's family orientated (at least the town tries to be), and at night everyone is heavily intoxicated. It's disgusting. I'm 14, and I have NO plans of ever drinking (or smoking). They need to give teenagers a more detalied view of what actually happens to your body short term and long term during alcohol abuse - and they should be drastic about it. Maybe they will remember at the crucial moment and find some "excuse" to stop drinking on any given night....it would be a start, wouldn`t it? Edited by Eagle, 02 January 2011 - 10:50 AM. Like what Padfoot said, drinking doesnt make you cool at all... to be honest i love to drink, i love it when my friends challenged me to a drink-up, it is dumb and stupid i know, but it is fun to me. I've been drinking probably over 4L of alcohol last holidays from xmas eve to the day before NYE, and trust me i feel bad about it, and on the xmas eve i got so wasted i'm thinking of stop the drinking, and its been going good, on the NYE i didnt even drink at all i had red bull and coke thats it lol... the thing about being drunk is you'd make your friends worried, and you missed out on the real fun of the party, thats what i realise over the NYE. I'll try not to drink anymore, its not kool at all when you get drunk and cause problem to others especially your friends. Personally, I drink a bit at parties and at events (1 glass only) but that's all. It's not my thing anyway and I don't care if people think I'm not cool because I don't get drunk. According to me, you don't have to drink at 15 normally. Edited by Emm@, 02 January 2011 - 11:58 AM. i also find drunk driving awful (and i unfortunately know of lots of people who do it). Man I am so straight edge. I just hate the stuff so much. I dont care if people drink it, but I hate how much they drink. For example, people having a few beers after a hot and hard day or wine at dinner or what ever. Im ok with, it can actually be a positive thing. BUT, going out and drinking a WHOLE BOX off booze just sickens me! Ive seen people so drunk they cant sit down and fall face down off a chair. I went to one party and some one threw up all over the bathroom in the first 5mins! And I hate the fact that they go out on the road and drive and kill other innocent people! I cannot put in words my hatred toward the stuff. The closest I get to beer is Ginger Beer or Ginger Ale. P.S My family on both sides have a history of heavy drinking so Im kind of expected to drink. Personally, I like a drink, but like others have said, not too much. I like a couple of drinks in the evening, or at the weekend, it helps me to chill while I am not at work. People who get caught drinking and driving should be banned for life, imo. Drinking is ok, as long as you can control it. But I am aware alcohol is mis-used and to drink and drive is a terrible crime! And I don't believe in getting so drunk you can't walk straight. Even throwing up is a sign you've gone waaaaay too far. As long as people drink responsibly everything's fine (I'm staying positive). Edited by Mrs Duck, 02 January 2011 - 12:26 PM. I'm surprised to see how anti alcohol everyone here is. If one is responsible, it is perfectly fine. Only drink what you can handle. When I'm out I'll drink quite a lot, but not so much that I start falling over etc. If you drink responsibly, you can enjoy yourselves a lot. I don't think raising the drinking age is necessary. There are 15 year olds that are sensible enough to drink, and likewise there are 22 year olds who aren't. You'll always get some idiots. Idiots or not I don't think alcohol should be out there. I'm not 100% Anti drinking. I can handle my drink. I'm quiet a heavy drinker I just side against it. If your sitting there laughing saying I can't handle my drink from my last post, like I said I was on other stuff at the time. Handle your drink it not, it's no necessary. Edited by Rose, 02 January 2011 - 02:38 PM.

I am a Bricklayer. What business structure should I choose? If you are considering starting a bricklaying business, it is critical that you choose a business structure that works best for your business. It can be a challenge choosing the right structure, as the future success of your business could well depend on the choice you make now. However, by having a thorough understanding of the financial and legal implications of each business structure, you can make an informed decision about which one is best for your business. After coming to some sort of decision about which structure will be best for your business, the advice of a legal professional will be invaluable. It will also provide you with a thorough understanding of how Australian business laws will affect the business structures you wish to choose. If you are looking to start your own bricklaying business, you might consider adopting a sole trader business structure. It is the most traditional of business structures and involves the owner becoming the sole trader. It gives you total control over your business, but also means that your personal finances and your business finances will be indistinguishable in the eyes of the law. There are many benefits of becoming a sole trader that range from financial to personal. Primarily, becoming a sole trader is by far and away the cheapest business structure to create, and if you choose to trade under your own name, you do not even need to register your business name. This means that you can enter the market as soon as possible, and gain valuable time in establishing your business and brand. Another advantage of choosing a sole trader structure for your bricklaying business is that your business will remain completely attached to you for its entire existence. So no matter how much your business grows and prospers, you will always be in complete control. It should be noted that there are also some disadvantages related to choosing a sole trader business structure for your bricklaying business. The main problem is the fact that your finances will all be rolled up into one. You may be personally liable for all financial decisions made in the course of running your business. As a result, you will be forced to wear two hats each time you make a decision, your business hat, and your personal hat. For some business owners this is not a problem in the slightest, for others, it is crippling. If this disadvantage is too much for you, perhaps you should consider a company business structure. A company business structure will provide a sound basis for your bricklaying business to prosper and expand, without the fear of incurring personal financial liability. The primary benefit of a company business structure is that the finances of the business are separate from your personal finances. However, to allow for this financial protection, the costs of creating and running a company are higher than those of other business structures. You will also be subject to a vast array of statutory rules relating to how your company is run. Today, the company business structure is the most attractive structure of all, primarily because of the financial protection it provides to business owners. However, in choosing whether you want your business to become a company, you must consider your aspirations. For a small business, the cost of running a company can be ruinous. However, for a large business looking to expand, the financial protection it provides can allow you to take calculated risks you might otherwise avoid. Therefore, it can be said that all the advantages and disadvantages associated with each business structure are relative, as they depend entirely upon the situation of the business owner. If you would like to see a complete list of all the business structures available to your bricklaying business, please click here. Finally, it must be noted that you should seek the advice of a legal professional at some point during the process, as it will assist you in making the most informed decision possible. If you have any further questions relating to choosing the right business structure for your bricklaying business, please call LegalVision for a fixed-fee quote.

What does a Talisheek kitchen and bath remodeling expert do? Licensed Louisiana kitchen and bath remodelers are contractors who specialize in altering the structure of an existing space, rather than building one from the ground up. Because he or she must deal with a previous builder’s work, the job can get more complicated than new construction. You might wonder why they often specialize in both kitchens and bathrooms, but if you think about those two spaces, they actually have a lot in common. Kitchens and bathrooms include an abundance of fixtures that require careful planning and installation, including sinks, faucets, tubs and toilets that all need water hookups and drainage. They also use similar materials, such as tile and stone for countertops and flooring, due to the nature of their use. So it makes sense that Talisheek kitchen remodelers and bathroom remodelers be one in the same. A bathroom or kitchen remodeler translates architectural plans from page to reality; some are also trained to provide design services so that you don’t have to hire a separate pro. Like a general contractor, a kitchen and bathroom remodeler in Talisheek, LA is responsible for hiring and supervising subcontractors and providing materials when necessary. They also should have a thorough knowledge of Louisiana building codes and construction-related legal issues, as well as current design and product trends. Here are some related professionals and vendors to complement the work of kitchen & bath remodelers: Woodworkers & Carpenters, Kitchen & Bath Designers, Interior Designers & Decorators, Architects & Building Designers, General Contractors. Find a Talisheek kitchen and bathroom renovator on Houzz. Narrow your search in the Professionals section of the website to kitchen and bathroom remodelers in Talisheek, LA. You may also look through photos of Talisheek, LA spaces to find kitchens or bathrooms you like, then contact the bathroom or kitchen remodeler who worked on it.

e way, voting ended. Plebeian Council Main article: Plebeian Council The Plebeian Council (concilium plebis) was the principal popular gathering of the Roman Republic. As the name suggests, the Plebeian Council was organized as a Council, and not as an Assembly. It functioned as a gathering through which the Plebeians (commoners) could pass laws, elect magistrates, and try judicial cases. This council had no political power until the offices of Plebeian Tribune and Plebeian Aedile were created in 494 BC, due to the Plebeian Secession that year. According to legend, the Roman King Servius Tullius enacted a series of constitutional reforms in the 6th century BC. One of these reforms resulted in the creation of a new organizational unit with which to divide citizens. This unit, the Tribe, was based on geography rather than family, and was created to assist in future reorganizations of the army. In 471 BC, a law was passed which allowed the Plebeians to begin organizing by Tribe. Before this point, they had organized on the basis of the Curia. The only difference between the Plebeian Council after 471 BC and the ordinary Tribal Assembly (which also organized on the basis of the Tribes) was that the Tribes of the Plebeian Council only included Plebeians, whereas the Tribes of the Tribal Assembly included both Plebeians and Patricians. The Plebeian Council elected two 'Plebeian Magistrates', the Plebeian Tribunes and the Plebeian Aediles. Usually the Plebeian Tribune presided over the assembly, although the Plebeian Aedile sometimes did as well. Originally, statutes passed by the Plebeian Council ("Plebiscites") only applied to Plebeians. However in 449 BC, a statute of an Assembly was passed which gave Plebiscites the full force of law over all Romans (Plebeians and Patricians). It was not until 287 BC, however, that the last mechanism which allowed the Roman Senate to veto acts of the Plebeian Council was revoked. After this point, almost all domestic legislation came out of the Plebeian Council.

This article is part of a series of U.S. Foreign Policy Opinion Briefings aimed at helping to inform U.S. leaders on pressing foreign policy issues. Quick Summary: Iranians' already low approval of U.S. leadership did not get worse after the U.S. toughened sanctions in late 2011. Eight percent of Iranians approved of U.S. leadership in late 2011 and early 2012 -- one of the lowest ratings the U.S. receives worldwide. While nearly half of Iranians (46%) support cutting ties with countries that impose economic sanctions on Iran, nearly one in three (31%) do not, showing a sizable minority of Iranians still value relations. Issue at Hand: The U.S., the U.K., and the EU in recent months have imposed some of the toughest economic sanctions on Iran yet to thwart its nuclear program. Iran has responded with threats to close the Strait of Hormuz, the route for one-fifth of the world's oil. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said on state TV last week that, "no obstacles can stop Iran's nuclear work." Tensions over Iran's disputed nuclear program escalated further last week after Iran refused to allow International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) officials to investigate nuclear activities at a military base. The IAEA reported after its recent trip that Iran had stepped up its uranium enrichment, sending oil prices soaring to a nine-month high Friday amid concerns about a confrontation with the West. The U.S. and Israel are not ruling out strikes against Iran's nuclear facilities, but the U.S. is urging Israel to give the sanctions additional time to work. Iran is anticipated to be the focus when Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets with President Barack Obama next week. Obama Administration's Stance: Calling Tehran's refusal to give IAEA officials access to the military site "disappointing," U.S. State Department spokesman Mark Toner said last week that the U.S. still wants to see negotiations move forward. "There is that diplomatic track," Toner said. "But we're not going to ease up on the sanctions." Although the administration has not taken any options off the table to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, Obama said in his State of the Union address that he believed that a peaceful resolution is still possible, and, if Iran abides by its international obligations, it can "rejoin the community of nations." Iranians' Approval of U.S. and Other Key Players: The 8% of Iranians who approved of U.S. leadership in late 2011 and early 2012 is similar to the 9% measured in early 2011, and remains one of the lowest ratings the U.S. receives worldwide. Other countries that are tightening sanctions, such as the U.K., Germany, and the EU, also have few admirers in Iran. Seven percent of Iranians approve of the U.K.'s leadership, while slightly more approve of the leadership of Germany (13%) and the EU in general (13%). Russia and China, which have criticized the West's sanctions, fare better. Roughly one in five Iranians approve of each country's leadership. However, Iranians are still more likely to disapprove than approve of the leadership of these key major powers. While nearly half of Iranians (46%) support cutting ties to countries that impose economic sanctions, nearly one in three (31%) do not. This suggests that a sizable minority of the Iranian public still sees value in pursuing a diplomatic track. Approval is still low among Iranians who do not support cutting ties with these nations, but these Iranians are significantly more likely to approve of the U.S. than those who believe ties should be severed. In addition, 65% of Iranians believe that the sanctions the U.S., the U.K., and the EU recently imposed will personally hurt them a "great deal" or "somewhat." This is despite U.S. assurances that Iran, not its people, are the sanctions' main targets. The value of the Iranian rial has dropped sharply in recent weeks, and prices of food, consumer goods, and utilities have spiraled. Almost half of Iranians (48%) now say there were times in the past year when they did not have enough money to buy food their families needed. Policy Implications: Even if diplomatic efforts succeed, the U.S. and other Western nations will still face the challenge of finding a way to engage an Iranian public that has suffered under the economic sanctions. Iranians' approval of the U.S. and other key powers is almost incapable of sinking any lower. Despite the expected personal costs, nearly one-third do not endorse cutting ties. This suggests some Iranians still hold out hope for some type of relationship -- even if it falls short of the formal diplomatic ties with the U.S. that Obama pursued early in his presidency. Results are based on landline telephone interviews conducted from a telephone center outside Iran with approximately 1,000 adults, aged 15 and older, conducted Dec. 16, 2011-Jan. 10, 2012, in Iran. For results based on the total sample of national adults, one can say with 95% confidence that the maximum margin of sampling error is ±3.8 percentage points. While a solid majority of Iranians approve of Iran developing its nuclear power capabilities for non-military use (57%), they are more divided about developing it for military use, with 40% approving and 35% disapproving. Iranians are increasingly struggling to afford food and shelter, and 65% say sanctions imposed by the United Nations, the U.S., and Western Europe will hurt the livelihoods of the country's residents "a great deal" or "somewhat." Residents of the troubled economies of southern and eastern Europe are generally less likely to approve of the job performance of their country's leaders than are northern and western Europeans.

Hormuzd Rassam, (born 1826, Mosul, Ottoman Mesopotamia [now in Iraq]—died 1910), Assyriologist who excavated some of the finest Assyrian and Babylonian antiquities that are now in the possession of the British Museum and found vast numbers of cuneiform tablets at Nineveh (Nīnawā, Iraq) and Sippar (Abū Ḥabbah, Iraq), including the earliest known record of archaeological activity. He first served as an assistant (1845–47) to the famed British Assyriologist Austen Henry Layard and participated in the excavation of Nimrūd (Khorsabad, Iraq). After studying at the University of Oxford, he again accompanied Layard (1849–51) and took part in the excavation of Nineveh. Layard entered political life shortly thereafter, and in 1852 Rassam was retained to continue excavating antiquities for the British Museum. At Nineveh, Nimrūd, and elsewhere he unearthed notable sculptures, stelae (carved slabs), and inscriptions. In 1853 he discovered at Nineveh the well-known lion-hunt relief of King Ashurbanipal. Shortly thereafter he found the remainder of the royal library, including much of the ancient Epic of Gilgamesh and a terra-cotta prism inscribed with the annals of Ashurbanipal’s reign. Subsequently, he held British political appointments in Aden and Ethiopia for a number of years. In 1876 he again became the British Museum’s supervisor of Mesopotamian excavations. His final efforts (1878–82) yielded important results. About 15 miles (24 km) from Mosul, at a mound known as Tell Balawat, he excavated the palace of Shalmaneser II and found a pair of great bronze gates that are now one of the glories of the British Museum. Possibly his most valuable contribution to Mesopotamian studies was his discovery in 1880 of a tablet of King Nabu-apal-iddin, which identified the site as the temple of the sun god Shamash in the city of Sippar. In the following 18 months Rassam excavated about 170 chambers surrounding the temple and found 40,000 to 50,000 inscribed cylinders and tablets. One cylinder recounted how Nabonidus (reigned 555–539 bc), the father of Belshazzar and the last king of Babylon, had excavated the temple to its original cornerstone, laid 4,200 years earlier by Naram-Sin, the son of King Sargon of Akkad. Rassam recounted much of his work in Asshur and the Land of Nimrod (1897).

Redux is a state container that we are using in some of our React projects at work. As part of my continuous learning I did some basic investigation into what Redux is and how it plays with React. It helps you write applications that behave consistently, run in different environments (client, server, and native), and are easy to test. On top of that, it provides a great developer experience, such as live code editing combined with a time traveling debugger. You can use Redux together with React, or with any other view library. It is tiny (2kB, including dependencies). Further reading explains that Redux doesn't mutate the state directly but instead you modify actions (plain objects). These actions have a specified transformation on the state that are specified within the reducer function. Redux uses a single store with a single root reducing function. This reducing function can be split into smaller reducers (much like a React root component is split into smaller components). This is the parallel that makes Redux and React a match made in CS heaven. One of the great collections on dev.to is the #explainlikeimfive tags. The first response in the Explain Redux like I'm Five post is a great introduction to the core concepts of Redux (store, actions, reducers, subscriptions) in a basic analogy. The Redux Docs also link to the Getting Started with Redux course that was created by Dan Abramov (the creator of Redux). This 2 hour short course explains not only the best practices but also the concepts behind the creation of Redux. Each action requires a type property. This type property cannot be undefined. The reducer must be a pure function. A pure function's return value depends solely on the values of their arguments. A pure function can not modify the values passed to them. A pure function is absolutely predictable with no observable side effects. The previous state of the app. Basic JS testing can be done using Jest (formerly expect). You can use Default Function Parameters in the reducer to handle when the state hasn't been set yet. As the reducer is always a pure function you can always use an ES6 arrow function. The subscribe() method doesn't run until the state has been updated. This means it won't have access to the initial state. Use the slice() and ...spread array methods to avoid Array Mutations in the reducer function. You can test for mutations with the deep-freeze package. The combineReducers() function generates the top level reducer for you. Action Creators can replace inline dispatches to the store. This can help with clarity and documentation of the actions your app can dispatch to the store. Wes Bos has a FREE Learn Redux course that walks you through how to create a Redux app. It includes the basic concepts that was covered in the Introduction to Redux course with a little more explanation on how it plays with React. A helpful nugget that I found was an explanation on how to expose your Redux Store to the Redux Devtools using the compose. We now have access to the store in the Redux Devtools. This allow us to debug and timetravel through the application one action at a time. Reset: Will remove all commits and revert the store back to your initial state. Revert: Will revert all of the actions since your last commit. Sweep: Will remove the selected actions and it will be as though these actions were never dispatched. Commit: Will remove all of the actions from the log and will make the current state the default state. Wes wraps up the course by inviting you to explore Redux further. For instance, we accessed all of our data from a file rather than an external API. This was for the brevity of the course and the ease of learning Redux. You cannot put asynchronous calls within your reducers because they need to be pure functions that return instantly. To work around this you can use Redux-Saga or Redux Thunk (we use the Redux Thunk middleware in some of our projects). Wes also points to normalizr as a further addition for Redux. It is a small utility that normalises deeply nested JSON data. There is also a giant repo of useful resources available in Awesome Redux.

Can I use an external keyboard with my iPad? How about with my phone? An external keyboard is the way to be if you're using an iPad and trying to create content and the same techniques will work with an iPhone. I actually have a Bluetooth keyboard a little case that connects to my iPad and props up the iPad making it feel like a laptop when I want to carry just the iPad to work or on the road. So basically any Bluetooth keyboard will work. You can get it from Apple or from any number of other vendors. The one I have is from a vendor called ZAGG. But they're also made by Belkin and by Kensington and by any number of other vendors as well. Read the reviews online and see the one that meets your needs most and then try it out. You can use the same keyboard with an iPad, with your phone, or even as an external keyboard for laptop or main computer. Bluetooth is the key. It's a standard that supports of all those devices.

I love loaded nachos so I went searching for a healthy alternative. These are really yummy and can be topped with variety of ingredients depending on your preferences. Directions: Preheat oven to 425F and lightly spray a baking sheet with cooking spray. Wash and dry your sweet potatoes, then use a vegetable peeler to peel them. Slice them into 1/4 inch rounds and place in a large bowl. Drizzle with olive oil. Season with paprika, garlic powder, and salt and pepper, and toss well. Place potatoes in a single layer on your baking sheet. Bake for 40 minutes, turning them over halfway through to ensure they don't burn. Remove from oven and transfer rounds to a cast iron skillet or oven safe dish, allowing the edges to slightly overlap. Top with beans and cheese before returning to the oven for an additional 5 minutes, or until cheese is melted. Remove from oven and sprinkle with chopped green onions. Serve with avocado, Greek yogurt or sour cream, and salsa.

When do I prune my drift rose bush? Prune your rose bush in early spring, never in the fall and never in the winter. Check your drift rose bush from time to time as spring moves along and when you start to see new shoots growing from the canes on your drift rose, that’s a good sign that it is time to prune. You will need a few basic tools when the time comes to prune your drift roses: gloves, because of the thorns on your rose bush. Lopping shears, for some of the heavier canes that are going to be difficult to cut with some of the smaller shears. Small hand shears, for some of the finer work, and a pair of hedge trimmers to get the job done quickly. Determine how high you want to prune. Determining how high you want to prune depends on how high you want your drift rose bush to finish. Your drift rose bush will usually triple in size after pruning so cutting it back to about a foot will leave it at 3 feet when it finished growing.

Dear Doctor: Just how risky are sinus infections? I read about a teenager who died recently after a sinus infection spread to his brain. Is this common? How do you prevent a sinus infection? Dear Reader: We hadn't heard about this before we received your letter, but we did a search and found the incident you're referring to. A 13-year-old boy in Michigan who had been diagnosed with a sinus infection went on to develop migrainelike headaches. The severe headaches worsened over the course of several weeks and an MRI was performed. It was discovered that a viral infection had spread to his brain and caused blood clots, which led to a series of strokes, according to his family members. Despite emergency surgery, the boy passed away. It's a tragic story and, considering that sinus infections are common -- an estimated 31 million are diagnosed in the United States every year -- it's an alarming one. However, the fact is that these types of complications are rare. The sinuses are pairs of air-filled cavities located behind the lower forehead, behind the nose, on either side of the bridge of the nose, and within the bony structures of the cheeks. In a heathy sinus, a thin layer of mucus catches dust, dirt or debris and, with the aid of tiny hairlike structures, clears it away. That mucus then drains into the nasal passage and winds up in the nasopharynx, which is where the very back of the nose and the throat converge. At that point, the mucus continues its journey down the esophagus and into the stomach. A sinus infection occurs when a virus, bacterium or fungus causes the tissues that line these cavities to become inflamed. When this happens, the flow of mucus is blocked and it begins to collect in the sinus cavity. This can cause symptoms like congestion, postnasal drip, excess and sometimes discolored (usually greenish) mucus, tooth pain, a feeling of pressure, frontal headache, fatigue and even bad breath. In rare cases, the pathogens causing a sinus infection can cross the blood brain barrier, which is a filtering mechanism that protects brain tissues, and cause an abscess. Conditions with similar symptoms, like colds or allergies, can be mistaken for a sinus infection. An accurate diagnosis requires an examination of the throat, nose and sinuses. This can include a physical examination with an endoscope, X-rays or a CT scan, and a mucus culture to pinpoint the cause of infection. Antibiotics may be used when the infection is bacterial but will not help with a viral infection. Symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter antihistamines, nasal decongestant sprays and nasal saline washes. Patients are often counseled to drink plenty of fluids to help thin the mucus. -- Practice good hand hygiene. -- Keep the family up-to-date with immunizations. -- Steer clear of individuals with upper respiratory infections. -- Avoid exposure to tobacco smoke. -- Use a humidifier -- and be sure to keep it clean.

Yuval Noah Harari (Hebrew: יובל נח הררי‎; born 24 February 1976) is an Israeli historian and a tenured professor in the Department of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of the international bestsellers Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (2014), Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow (2016), and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century (2018). His writings examine free will, consciousness, and intelligence. Harari's early publications are concerned with what he describes as the "cognitive revolution" occurring roughly 50,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens supplanted the rival Neanderthals, developed language skills and structured societies, and ascended as apex predators, aided by the agricultural revolution and more recently accelerated by scientific methodology and rationale which have allowed humans to approach near mastery over their environment. His recent books are more cautionary, and work through the consequences of a futuristic biotechnological world where intelligent biological organisms are surpassed by their own creations; he has said "Homo sapiens as we know them will disappear in a century or so". Harari was born in Kiryat Ata, Israel, in 1976 and grew up in a secular Jewish family with Lebanese and Eastern European roots in Haifa, Israel. In 2002 he met his husband Itzik Yahav, whom he calls "my internet of all things". Yahav is also Harari's personal manager. They married in a civil ceremony in Toronto in Canada. The couple lives in a moshav (a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms), Mesilat Zion, near Jerusalem. Harari says Vipassana meditation, which he began whilst in Oxford in 2000, has "transformed my life". He practises for two hours every day (one hour at the start and end of his work day), every year undertakes a meditation retreat of 30 days or longer, in silence and with no books or social media, and is an assistant meditation teacher. He dedicated Homo Deus to "my teacher, S. N. Goenka, who lovingly taught me important things," and said "I could not have written this book without the focus, peace and insight gained from practising Vipassana for fifteen years." He also regards meditation as a way to research. Harari is a vegan, and says this resulted from his research, including his view that the foundation of the dairy industry is breaking the bond between mother and calf cows. As of January 2019, he does not have a smartphone. Harari is openly gay. Harari first specialized in medieval history and military history in his studies from 1993 to 1998 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He completed his D.Phill degree at Jesus College, Oxford, in 2002, under the supervision of Steven J. Gunn. From 2003 to 2005 he pursued postdoctoral studies in history as a Yad Hanadiv Fellow. He has published numerous books and articles, including Special Operations in the Age of Chivalry, 1100–1550; The Ultimate Experience: Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000; The Concept of 'Decisive Battles' in World History; and Armchairs, Coffee and Authority: Eye-witnesses and Flesh-witnesses Speak about War, 1100–2000. He now specializes in world history and macro-historical processes. His book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind was published in Hebrew in 2011 and then in English in 2014; it has since been translated into some 45 additional languages. The book surveys the entire length of human history, from the evolution of Homo sapiens in the Stone Age up to the political and technological revolutions of the 21st century. The Hebrew edition became a bestseller in Israel, and generated much interest among the general public, turning Harari into a celebrity. YouTube video clips of Harari's Hebrew lectures on the history of the world have been viewed by tens of thousands of Israelis. Harari also gives a free online course in English titled A Brief History of Humankind. His book Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow was published in 2016, examining possibilities of the future of Homo sapiens. The book's premise outlines that, in the future, humanity is likely to make a significant attempt to gain happiness, immortality and God-like powers. The book goes on to openly speculate various ways this ambition might be realised for Homo sapiens in the future based on the past and present. Among several possibilities for the future, Harari develops a term for a philosophy or mindset that worships big data. Harari's most recent book is called 21 Lessons for the 21st Century and focuses more on present-day concerns. It was published on 30 August 2018. In Chapter Two he addresses the increasing number of people made unemployable by advances in automation and AI. He examines a universal basic income for every citizen regardless of their employment status as a measure to counter economic unemployment. Harari is interested in how Homo sapiens reached their current condition, and in their future. His research focuses on macro-historical questions such as: What is the relation between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari regards dissatisfaction as the "deep root" of human reality, and as related to evolution. In a 2017 article, Harari has argued that through continuing technological progress and advances in the field of artificial intelligence, "by 2050 a new class of people might emerge – the useless class. People who are not just unemployed, but unemployable." He put forward the case that dealing with this new social class economically, socially and politically will be a central challenge for humanity in the coming decades. Harari has commented on the plight of animals, particularly domesticated animals since the agricultural revolution, and is a vegan. In a 2015 Guardian article under the title "Industrial farming is one of the worst crimes in history" he called "[t]he fate of industrially farmed animals [...] one of the most pressing ethical questions of our time." Harari summed up his views on the world in a 2018 interview with Steve Paulson of Nautilus thusly: "Things are better than ever before. Things are still quite bad. Things can get much worse. This adds up to a somewhat optimistic view because if you realize things are better than before, this means we can make them even better. " Harari wrote that although the idea of free will and the liberal values it helped consolidate "emboldened people who had to fight against the Inquisition, the divine right of kings, the KGB and the KKK", it has become dangerous in a world of a data economy, where, he argues, in reality there is no such thing, and governments and corporations are coming to know the individual better than they know themselves and "if governments and corporations succeed in hacking the human animal, the easiest people to manipulate will be those who believe in free will." Harari elaborates that "Humans certainly have a will – but it isn’t free. You cannot decide what desires you have... Every choice depends on a lot of biological, social and personal conditions that you cannot determine for yourself. I can choose what to eat, whom to marry and whom to vote for, but these choices are determined in part by my genes, my biochemistry, my gender, my family background, my national culture, etc – and I didn’t choose which genes or family to have." Harari twice won the Polonsky Prize for "Creativity and Originality", in 2009 and 2012. In 2011 he won the Society for Military History's Moncado Award for outstanding articles in military history. In 2012 he was elected to the Young Israeli Academy of Sciences. "The Military Role of the Frankish Turcopoles – a Reassessment", Mediterranean Historical Review 12 (1) (June 1997), pp. 75–116. "Strategy and Supply in Fourteenth-Century Western European Invasion Campaigns", The Journal of Military History 64 (2) (April 2000), pp. 297–334. Introduction to Peter Singer's Animal Liberation, The Bodley Head, 2015. "Yuval Noah Harari on big data, Google and the end of free will", Financial Times (August 2016). "Why It’s No Longer Possible for Any Country to Win a War", Time (23 June 2017). "Why Technology Favors Tyranny", The Atlantic (October 2018). ^ a b c Cadwalladr, Carole (5 July 2015). "Yuval Noah Harari: The age of the cyborg has begun – and the consequences cannot be known". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 November 2016. ^ Adams, Tim (27 August 2016). "Yuval Noah Harari: 'We are acquiring powers thought to be divine'". the Guardian. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "Fast Talk / The Road to Happiness". Haaretz. 25 April 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "זה ייגמר בבכי: סוף העולם לפי יובל נח הררי". Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "Fast Talk The Road to Happiness". Haaretz. 25 April 2017. ^ Appleyard, Bryan (31 August 2014). "Asking big questions". thesundaytimes.co.uk. Retrieved 25 July 2015. ^ Reed, John (5 September 2014). "Lunch with the FT: Yuval Noah Harari". ft.com. Retrieved 25 July 2015. ^ "Yuval Harari, author of "Sapiens," on AI, religion, and 60-day meditation retreats". Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ Adams, Tim (27 August 2016). "Yuval Noah Harari: 'We are quickly acquiring powers that were always thought to be divine'" – via The Guardian. ^ "How Humankind Could Become Totally Useless". Time. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "Interview - Yuval Harari" (PDF). The World Today. Chatham House. October – November 2015. pp. 30–32. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "Yuval Noah Harari, Sapiens and the age of the algorithm". The Australian. Josh Glancy. 3 September 2016. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. ^ a b c "Fast Talk The Road to Happiness". 25 April 2017 – via Haaretz. ^ "The messenger of inner peace: Satya Narayan Goenka; New Appointments". Vipassana Newsletter 23 (12). Vipassana Research Institute. 17 December 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "Interview With Yuval Noah Harari: Masters in Business (Audio)". Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ "# 68 -- Reality and the Imagination". Waking Up podcast. Sam Harris. 19 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2018. ^ Anthony, Andrew (9 March 2017). "Yuval Noah Harari: 'Homo sapiens as we know them will disappear in a century or so'". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 March 2019. ^ "CV at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem". 2008. ^ Yuval Noah Harari, The Concept of 'Decisive Battles' in World History, in Journal of World History 18:3 (2007), 251–266. ^ Yuval Noah Harari, "Armchairs, Coffee and Authority: Eye-witnesses and Flesh-witnesses Speak about War, 1100–2000", The Journal of Military History 74:1 (January 2010), pp. 53–78. ^ Payne, Tom (26 September 2014). "Sapiens: a Brief History of Humankind by Yuval Noah Harari, review: 'urgent questions'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 October 2014. ^ Runciman, David (24 August 2016). "Homo Deus by Yuval Noah Harari review – how data will destroy human freedom". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 October 2017. ^ Harari, Yuval Noah (2016). Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. London: Vintage. p. 75. ISBN 9781784703936. OCLC 953597984. ^ Harari, Yuval Noah (2017). Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. London: Vintage. p. 429. ISBN 9781784703936. OCLC 953597984. ^ Harari, Yuval Noah (26 August 2016). "Yuval Noah Harari on big data, Google and the end of free will". Financial Times. Retrieved 20 October 2017. ^ Lewis, Helen (15 August 2018). "21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Noah Harari review – a guru for our times?". the Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2018. ^ Russell, Review by Jenni (19 August 2018). "Review: 21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Noah Harari — chilling predictions from the author of Sapiens". ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 25 August 2018. ^ "Can mindfulness save us from the menace of artificial intelligence?". Evening Standard. Retrieved 25 August 2018. ^ "Yuval Noah Harari's 21 Lessons for the 21st Century is a banal and risible self-help book". New Statesman. ^ "Book review: Is '21 Lessons for the 21st Century' another hit for Yuval Noah Harari". The National. Retrieved 25 August 2018. ^ Harari, Yuval Noah (8 May 2017). "The meaning of life in a world without work". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 May 2017. ^ Harari, Yuval Noah (25 September 2015). "Industrial farming is one of the worst crimes in history". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 April 2017. ^ Paulson, Steve (27 December 2018). "Yuval Noah Harari Is Worried About Our Souls". Nautilus. Retrieved 31 December 2018. ^ a b "Yuval Noah Harari: the myth of freedom". The Guardian. ^ a b "Yuval Harari – YN Harari – Prof. Yuval Noah Harari – Official Site – Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind". Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yuval Noah Harari.