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Destructive dilemma Destructive dilemma is the name of a valid rule of inference of propositional logic. It is the inference that, if P implies Q and R implies S and either Q is false or S is false, then either P or R must be false. In sum, if two conditionals are true, but one of their consequents is false, then one of their antecedents has to be false. Destructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus tollens. The disjunctive version of modus ponens is the constructive dilemma. The destructive dilemma rule can be stated: where the rule is that wherever instances of "", "", and "" appear on lines of a proof, "" can be placed on a subsequent line. Formal notation The destructive dilemma rule may be written in sequent notation: where is a metalogical symbol meaning that is a syntactic consequence of , , and in some logical system; and expressed as a truth-functional tautology or theorem of propositional logic: where , , and are propositions expressed in some formal system. Natural language example If it rains, we will stay inside. If it is sunny, we will go for a walk. Either we will not stay inside, or we will not go for a walk, or both. Therefore, either it will not rain, or it will not be sunny, or both. Proof Example proof The validity of this argument structure can be shown by using both conditional proof (CP) and reductio ad absurdum (RAA) in the following way: References Bibliography Howard-Snyder, Frances; Howard-Snyder, Daniel; Wasserman, Ryan. The Power of Logic (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill, 2009, , p. 414. External links http://mathworld.wolfram.com/DestructiveDilemma.html Category:Rules of inference Category:Dilemmas Category:Theorems in propositional logic

Wola Chynowska Wola Chynowska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chynów, within Grójec County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Chynów, east of Grójec, and south of Warsaw. The village has a population of 600. People born in Wola Chynowska Wincenty Szweycer References Wola Chynowska

Frisky Dingo Frisky Dingo is an American adult animated cartoon series created by Adam Reed and Matt Thompson for Adult Swim. The series revolves around the conflict between a supervillain named Killface and a superhero named Awesome X, alias billionaire Xander Crews, and much of the show's humor focuses on parodying superhero and action-movie clichés. It debuted on October 16, 2006, and its first season ended on January 22, 2007. The second season premiered on August 26, 2007, and ended on March 23, 2008. A third season was in development, but in the absence of a renewal contract from Adult Swim, preproduction ceased. The production company, 70/30 Productions, subsequently went out of business in January 2009. A spin-off show, The Xtacles, premiered on November 9, 2008, but only two episodes were aired prior to the production company's closure. Origins Frisky Dingo was created by 70/30 Productions, the same group of animators who worked on Sealab 2021. The show's name during development was Whiskey Tango. Because a band was already using the name, it was changed to Whiskey Tango Six. This name was determined not to be sufficiently distinct to avoid infringement suits, so the creators jokingly said they would call the show Frisky Dingo, and the name remained. In episode 113, Killface can be seen entering "Frisky Dingo" into the Annihilatrix launch terminal; this is mentioned in the second episode of the second season, where Sinn/Hooper remarks that "Frisky Dingo" is the launch code for the Annihilatrix. According to an article in Atlanta Magazine, Whiskey Tango Six was going to be the name of the six-member superhero group on which the show focused, headed by husband and wife Jack and Grace Taggart. The team flew around in a spaceship called the Glennis. Killface was going to be the main villain, but not a major character. During revisions of the show's scripts, Killface became the focus of the show. When Whiskey Tango Six was replaced with Xander Crews/Awesome X and the Xtacles is not known. Characters The two main characters of the show are Killface, who is a naked, bone-white, red-eyed, earless, talon-toed, spur-heeled, , hairless, muscular humanoid supervillain focused on destroying Earth with his invention, the Annihilatrix; and billionaire tycoon Xander Crews, who fights crime under the superhero alias Awesome X. Both Killface and Xander are voiced by co-creator Adam Reed. The two have an ever-shifting relationship, changing from enemies to unwilling allies on many occasions. Other major characters include Killface's son Simon – voiced by Christian Danley – an overweight, blond-haired, pale-skinned, sexually confused, teenaged Hannah Montana fan, who wears sweater vests and exhibits adolescent rebellion by muttering and breaking cereal bowls; reporter Grace Ryan, former girlfriend of Xander Crews turned into Antagone, a toxic, radioactive ant-powered villainess; Sinn – voiced by Kelly Jenrette – later known as Hooper, originally Killface's sidekick and later his enemy; and the Xtacles, Awesome X's team of easily distracted and remarkably inept, rocket-booted troops. Setting Frisky Dingo takes place primarily in and around a large city simply called "Town" or "the Town". Its actual name never being mentioned becomes a running joke throughout the series. Despite its lack of a specific name, maps of "Town" are featured throughout the series, which closely resemble interstate roadmaps of the city of Atlanta, Georgia, where 70/30 Studios, producers of Frisky Dingo, were based. Additional evidence for "Town" being Atlanta is the presence of buildings suspiciously resembling the Cotton Mill Lofts (a location that at one time housed production operations for 70/30) burning in the second episode, "Meet Awesome-X". Also, in the episode where Killface is pandering to the African American church congregation, he is wearing what looks like Michael Vick's Atlanta Falcons football jersey. Episodes Season 1 (2006–07) The first season of Frisky Dingo follows the adversarial relationship between the villainous Killface, who aspires to strike fear into humankind before he drives the Earth into the Sun with his Annihilatrix, and Awesome X, the secret superhero identity of multibillionaire Xander Crews, who dreads retiring after having defeated the last known supervillain. Season 2 (2007–08) At the beginning of the second season, Killface is taking credit for "curing" global warming due to the Annihilatrix having moved the Earth a total of three feet further from the Sun before it malfunctioned, and has decided to run for President of the United States. Xander Crews follows suit, reforming his company and launching his own presidential campaign. Home releases Spin-off The Xtacles is a spin-off from Frisky Dingo in which the Xtacles, Xander Crews' private army, take a lead role. The series revolves around the Xtacles' lack of direction following the abduction of their leader by aliens at the end of Frisky Dingo. They take on random missions from President Stan, who returns from the previous series. The series premiered its only two episodes on November 9, 2008. References External links Category:2000s American adult animated television series Category:2000s American parody television series Category:2000s American superhero comedy television series Category:2006 American television series debuts Category:2008 American television series endings Category:Adult Swim original programming Category:American flash adult animated television series Category:Television series created by Adam Reed Category:Television series created by Matt Thompson Category:Cartoons animated with Adobe After Effects Category:English-language television programs Category:Television series by Williams Street

Starsmith Finlay Dow-Smith (born 8 July 1988), known professionally as Starsmith, is a British songwriter and producer. He co-wrote and produced "Good Thing" by Zedd and Kehlani, and "I'll Be There" by Jess Glynne which went to number one in the UK and was nominated for Best Single at the 2019 Brit Awards. He also co-wrote and produced "Crybaby" by Paloma Faith, as well as producing "Hold My Hand" by Jess Glynne, and "Real Love" by Clean Bandit and Jess Glynne. He co-wrote and produced the majority of Ellie Goulding's debut album Lights. Following its release in 2010, it went straight to No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart. The album has gone on to sell over 2,000,000 copies worldwide. He teamed up again with Goulding on her second number-one album, Halcyon, producing and co-writing three songs on the album. He was nominated for Producer of the Year at the 2018 A&R Awards, as well as the Music Producers Guild Breakthrough Producer of the Year in 2011. Career He studied a classical music degree at the University of Surrey, majoring in performance on saxophone and graduating in 2009. He met Ellie Goulding during his final year and together they started creating what would become her debut album, which was then signed to Polydor Records a few months after he graduated. They are reportedly in the studio working on Ellie Goulding's 4th album. Starsmith toured with Goulding in 2009 and 2010, and also played with her on Later... with Jools Holland in 2009, playing bass guitar. He is a noted instrumentalist, additionally playing piano and guitar, but his main instrument is the saxophone. In December 2011, he was the subject of an episode of the Red Bull and Vice documentary series, The Producers. In March 2014, the track "Dead In The Water" that he co-wrote and produced with Ellie Goulding was included in the promotion and soundtrack for the film Divergent, which opened at No.1 at the Worldwide Box Office. In 2015 he co-wrote and produced 7 songs with Jess Glynne on her number one debut album I Cry When I Laugh, including the single Hold My Hand which spent 4 weeks at number 1 in the UK and sold over 2 million copies worldwide. In 2017 he collaborated with Paloma Faith on her number one album The Architect cowriting and producing 5 songs. Their first writing session together resulted in the lead single Crybaby. That year he also wrote songs with Jessie Ware for her album Glasshouse and Rae Morris for her album Someone Out There. He worked with Cloves and her longtime writing partner Justin Parker on singles from her upcoming debut album. 'Bringing the House Down', their first collaboration together, was released in early 2018 as the albums lead single. He co-wrote and produced the lead single I'll Be There for Jess Glynne's second album. The song went to number one in the UK, achieving their second number 1, and third top 3 single together. His work has been a part of 8 number one albums in the UK. Songwriting and production credits Remixography References External links Starsmith at SoundCloud Category:1988 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bromley Category:British pop musicians Category:British saxophonists Category:British male saxophonists Category:British record producers Category:Remixers Category:British composers Category:Alumni of the University of Surrey Category:21st-century saxophonists Category:21st-century British male musicians

Syrian pound The Syrian pound or Syrian lira ( ; ; sign: LS or £S; code: SYP) is the currency of Syria and is issued by the Central Bank of Syria. The pound is subdivided into 100 qirsh (Arabic: قرش plural: قروش, qurūsh, piastres in English or French), although coins in qirsh are no longer issued. The standard abbreviation for the Syrian pound is SYP. Before 1947, the word qirsh was spelled with the initial Arabic letter غ, after which the word began with ق. Until 1958, banknotes were issued with Arabic on the obverse and French on the reverse. After 1958, English has been used on the reverses, hence the three different names for this currency. Coins used both Arabic and French until independence, then only Arabic. On 5 December 2005, the selling rate quoted by the Commercial Bank of Syria was 48.4 SYP to the US dollar. A rate of about 50 pounds to one dollar was usual in the early 2000s, but the exchange rate is subject to fluctuations. Since the start of the civil war in 2011, the pound's unofficial exchange rate has deteriorated significantly, falling from 47 SYP = US$1 in March 2011 to 515 SYP in July 2017 and 765 SYP in November 2019. It was 950 SYP on 2 December 2019. while the official rate by the central bank was 434 SYP for 1 USD. History During the period when Syria was a part of the Ottoman Empire, which lasted about 400 years, the Ottoman lira was its main currency. Following the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the placing of Syria under a mandate (French occupation), the Egyptian pound was used in the territories under French and British mandates, including Lebanon, Transjordan and Palestine. Upon taking Lebanon and Syria under its separate mandate, the French government sought to replace the Egyptian currency and granted a commercial bank, the Banque de Syrie (a French affiliate of the Ottoman Bank), the authority to issue a currency for territories under its new mandate. The pound (or livre as it was then known) was introduced in 1919 and was pegged at a value of 20 French francs. As the political status of Lebanon evolved, the Banque de Syrie, which was to act as the official bank for Lebanon and Syria, was renamed the Banque de Syrie et du Grand-Liban (BSL). BSL issued the Lebanese-Syrian currency for 15 years, starting in 1924. Two years before the expiration of the 15-year period, BSL split the Lebanese-Syrian currency into two separate currencies that could still be used interchangeably in either state. In 1939, the bank was renamed the Banque de Syrie et du Liban. In 1941, the peg to the French franc was replaced by a peg to the British pound of 8.83125 Syrian pounds = 1 British pound, as a consequence of the occupation of Syria by British and Free French forces. This rate was based on the pre-war conversion rate between the franc and sterling. In 1946, following devaluation of the franc, the pound was pegged once again to the franc at a rate of 1 pound = 54.35 francs. In 1947, Syria joined the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and pegged its currency to the U.S. dollar at 2.19148 pounds = 1 dollar, a rate which was maintained until 1961. The Lebanese and Syrian currencies split in 1948. From 1961, a series of official exchange rates were in operation, alongside a parallel, black market rate which reflected the true market rate for Syrian pounds in Jordan and Lebanon where there was a healthy trade in the Syrian currency. The market was allowed to flourish because everybody, including government and public sector companies, needed it. The black market rate diverged dramatically from the official rate in the 1980s. In July 2017, the currency was pegged to the IMF SDF (Special Drawing Rights). Syrian Civil War There was a capital flight to nearby countries, including Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Turkey, as a result of the Syrian Civil War that started in 2011. In addition, Syria has been subject to sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Union and other countries, which shut Syria out of the global financial system. To circumvent the sanctions, Syrians effected foreign transactions through banks in neighbouring countries, especially Lebanon. As a result, the official exchange rate has deteriorated significantly, falling from 47 SYP = US$1 in March 2011 to 515 SYP = US$1 in July 2017. On 29 November 2019, the exchange rate was 765 SYP = US$1 following the Lebanese protests, a decrease of 30% since the turmoil started a month earlier, as the protests led Lebanese banks to impose tight controls on hard currency withdrawals and transfers abroad, making it hard for Syrians to access funds held by them in those banks. The rate fell to 950 SYP on 2 December 2019, another 25% decrease. On 13 January 2020, the currency deteriorated further, as more than 1000 SYP was traded for US$1 in the black market, despite being valued at 434 SYP = US$1 by the Syrian Central Bank. Coins In 1921, cupro-nickel qirsh coins were introduced, followed in 1926 by aluminium bronze 2 and 5 qirsh. In 1929, holed, nickel-brass 1 qirsh and silver 10, 25 and 50 qirsha were introduced. Nickel-brass qirsh were introduced 1935, followed by zinc 1 qirsh and aluminium-bronze 2½ qirsh in 1940. During the Second World War, brass 1 qirsh and aluminium qirsh emergency coins were issued. These pieces were crudely produced and undated. A new coinage was introduced between 1947 and 1948 in denominations of , 5, 10, 25 and 50 qirsha and 1 pound, with the , 5 and 10 qirush struck in cupro-nickel and the others in silver. Aluminium-bronze replaced cupro-nickel in 1960, with nickel replacing silver in 1968. In 1996, following high inflation, new coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 pounds, with the 25 pounds a bimetallic coin. In 2003 5, 10, and 25 pound coins were issued, with latent images. On December 26, 2018, the Central Bank of Syria introduced a 50 Syrian pounds coin for general circulation and to also replace the banknote of said denomination. Banknotes In 1919, the Banque de Syrie introduced notes for 5, 25 and 50 qirsha, 1 and 5 livres. These were followed, in 1920, by notes for 1 qirsh and 10, 25, 50 and 100 livres. In 1925, the Banque de Syrie et du Grand-Liban began issuing notes and production of denominations below 25 qirsha ceased. Notes below 1 livre were not issued from 1930. In 1939, the issuing body again changed its name, to the Banque de Syrie et du Liban. Between 1942 and 1944, the government introduced notes for 5, 10, 25 and 50 qirsha. In the early 1950s, undated notes were issued by the Institut d'Emission de Syrie in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 livres, followed by notes dated 1955 for 10 and 25 livres. The Banque Centrale de Syrie took over paper money issuance in 1957, issuing the same denominations as the Institut d'Emission. In 1958, the French language was removed from banknotes and replaced by English. Notes were issued for 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500 pounds. In 1966, the design of the 25, 50, and 100 pound notes was changed. In 1976 and 1977, the designs changed for all the denominations except the 500-pound note. In 1997 and 1998, a new series of notes was introduced in denominations of 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 pounds, with the lower denominations replaced by coins. In 2009, the 50, 100, and 200 pound notes were changed with an entirely new design. In 2014 a new 500 pound note has been released, followed by a new 1000 note in 2015. The all-new 2000 pound note was introduced in July 2017. 2010 series On July 27, 2010, the Central Bank of Syria issued a new series of banknotes dated 2009 in denominations of 50-, 100-, and 200 pounds. The notes were designed by Austrian banknote designer Robert Kalina. The Central Bank of Syria issued new 500-pound and 1000-pound notes in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The reverse of the new 1000-pound note features an image of a Roman mosaic painting discovered in Deir al-Adas. President Bashar al-Assad was added to the 2000-pound note in 2017. See also Economy of Syria Notes References External links Historical banknotes of Syria Category:Currencies introduced in 1919 Pound, Syrian

1895 United Kingdom general election in Ireland The 1895 United Kingdom general election in Ireland took place from 13–29 July 1895. The divide between the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation and the pro-Parnellite Irish National League continued, and with only minor variation in seats. In the overall election result, the Conservative–Liberal Unionist coalition beat the Liberal Party government led by the Earl of Rosebery. Lord Salisbury returned as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, having previously served from 1885 to 1886, and again from 1886 to 1892. Results See also History of Ireland (1801–1923) References 1895 Category:1895 in Ireland Ireland Category:July 1895 events Category:1890s elections in Ireland

Charles Hamilton (MP) Charles Hamilton (13 November 1704 – 18 September 1786), styled The Honourable from birth, was a British politician. He was a younger son of James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn. Hamilton matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 4 November 1720. He received his BA in 1723. Hamilton represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons between 1727 and 1760. He sat also for Truro in the British House of Commons from 1741 to 1747. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in Mar 1747. Hamilton's first wife, whose name seems to be unknown, died young, leaving two daughters, Jane and Sarah. He later married Agnes Cockburn of Ayr, Scotland in 1764. She died in 1772, aged 39. He was the creator of Painshill Park He died at his house on Lansdown Hill, Bath on 18 September 1786. References Category:1704 births Category:1786 deaths Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford Category:British MPs 1741–1747 Category:Irish MPs 1727–1760 Category:Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Tyrone constituencies Category:Younger sons of earls Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall Category:Fellows of the Royal Society

Len Braund Leonard Charles Braund (18 October 1875 – 23 December 1955) was a cricketer who played for Surrey, Somerset and England. Len Braund was an all-rounder, a versatile batsman who could defend or attack according to the needs of the game and a leg break bowler who used variation more than accuracy to take wickets. He was also regarded by contemporaries as the best slip fielder of his time. Braund played 21 times from 1896 for Surrey before joining Somerset, where he had to qualify for County Championship games by residence. On his Somerset debut, he hit 82 against the 1899 Australians. The following year, he made his Championship debut for Somerset against Middlesex at Lord's, in Andrew Stoddart's last match; but this was also Braund's last match of the season for Somerset, as Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) ruled that he was not properly qualified. To fill in the waiting, he played for W. G. Grace's London County side. Braund's proper career starts from 1901, and in his first full season he scored more than 1,000 runs and took over 100 wickets. He scored 107 in a remarkable match at Headingley when Somerset, 238 behind Yorkshire on the first innings, put up 630 in the second innings and won the match by 279 runs, Braund taking four wickets as the home team collapsed to 113 all out in the second innings. It was Yorkshire's only defeat of the season, and Somerset repeated that feat in 1902, a closer match won by just 34 runs in which Braund took 15 wickets for 71 runs, including a career-best nine for 41 in the second innings. In between these two county matches, Braund had become a Test cricketer, selected for the 1901–02 England tour of Australia. He was an instant success in Tests, scoring 58 in his first Test innings and taking seven wickets, including five for 61 in the second innings, as England beat Australia by an innings at Sydney. In the third Test, at Adelaide, he scored an unbeaten 103, and in the series as a whole he led the England team by taking 21 wickets. Named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1902, Braund played all five matches in The Ashes series that season and was involved in many of the crucial incidents in a very close contest. He caught Clem Hill at Edgbaston off George Herbert Hirst by running from slip round to the leg side. Gilbert Jessop described it as “quite the most brilliant anticipatory effort that I have yet seen”. Australia were all out for 36, their lowest Test total. At Old Trafford, he came in with England at 44 for five wickets and scored 65, putting on 141 with Stanley Jackson; in the same match, he was the bowler off whom Fred Tate missed a skied catch from Joe Darling that enabled Australia to win by three runs. Braund's second tour to Australia in 1903–04 was also successful. He scored 102 at Sydney while R. E. Foster was scoring his then-record 287, and he took eight wickets for 81 runs in the first innings of the final Test at Melbourne. His third visit to Australia in 1907–08 was less of a success, but in between he had scored a third Test century, making 104 against the 1907 South African team that included the sensational googly bowlers who had brought South Africa its first Test victories over England in 1905–06. In all, he played 23 Tests, scoring 987 runs and taking 47 wickets. In first-class cricket, Braund did the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in the season three times, in 1901, 1902, and 1903, and in a career that lasted until 1920 he scored 17,801 runs and took 1,114 wickets. In the later part of his career, he lost the ability to spin the ball and became very expensive; by 1910, he played for Somerset largely as a batsman. He took 546 catches in his career. After retiring, Braund coached at Cambridge University and was a first-class umpire for 18 seasons to 1938, standing in three Test matches between 1926 and 1929. A convivial man who enjoyed drinking and horse-racing, Braund was beset by ill-health in his later life and had both legs amputated during the Second World War. Despite this, he was a regular attender at Lord's right up to his death, and he was one of the first 26 former professionals to be granted honorary membership of MCC in 1949. References Category:1875 births Category:1955 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Windsor, Berkshire Category:English cricketers Category:England Test cricketers Category:English cricketers of 1890 to 1918 Category:Surrey cricketers Category:London County cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Category:Players cricketers Category:North v South cricketers Category:Somerset cricketers Category:Wisden Cricketers of the Year Category:English Test cricket umpires Category:Cricketers who have taken five wickets on Test debut Category:West of England cricketers Category:Players of the South cricketers Category:C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers Category:W. G. Grace's XI cricketers

Simon Lyndon Simon Lyndon (born 18 February 1971 in London) is a British Australian actor and director who grew up in Fremantle, Western Australia. He is a WAAPA graduate. Career Lyndon played Jimmy Loughlin in Chopper with Eric Bana, for which he won an AFI award for Best Supporting Actor and a Film Critics Circle of Australia Award for best supporting actor. He received AFI nominations for Best Supporting Actor for Blackrock (as "Ricko") and Best actor in a telefeature or mini-series for his role in My Brother Jack. Other films include Fresh Air, Sample People, The Thin Red Line, From the Outside Caught Inside, Falling into Paradise, The Glenmore Job The Well and Dust off the Wings He has appeared on stage That Eye the Sky, Blackrock, Cloudstreet and Popcorn. His TV appearances include Police Rescue, Heartbreak High, Wildside, Underbelly Canal Road and Spirited 2 [Foxtel]. He has directed Tamarama Rock Surfers production of "Road" featuring among others Bojana Novakovic, Jeremy Cumpston, Zena Cumpston and Angie Milliken and Tamarama Rock Surfers production of " Diary of a Madman" starring Alan Morris. Simon also appeared in FOX network show Roar in 1997 as a tribe leader named Colm. The lead role of Connor Der Kilte was played by fellow Australian and Blackrock co-star Heath Ledger. In 2011 he played a younger Jack Thompson in Paper Giants: The Birth of Cleo on ABC 1. He played the miner who died, Larry Knight, in the TV film Beaconsfield about the 2006 mine disaster. Also in 2011 Simon appeared in Spirited in the second series, on Foxtel, playing a ghost known as "The King" or Darren Bonney, who lives in an apartment with a dentist Claudia Karvan who is in love with another ghost resident. Simon appeared in TV series Puberty Blues as a surfing teacher called Gumby in 2012. In 2013 he was in a four-person play called "Anaconda " by Sarah Doyle, with Tamarama Rock Surfers at Bondi Pavilion. In June/July 2017 Simon appeared Sunset Strip, a four person play by Suzie Miller, performed by Stables Theatre Company at Griffin Theatre in Darlinghurst. References External links Category:Australian male film actors Category:People educated at John Curtin College of the Arts Category:People from Fremantle Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:Male actors from Western Australia Category:Edith Cowan University alumni

Neotonic Software Neotonic Software was a San Francisco based company that produced technology for email customer support, founded by David Jeske and Brandon Long in 2001. Google acquired the company in April 2003, bringing its Trakken CRM product in-house where it was still in use as recently as March 2009. The company also developed the ClearSilver web templating language and the Archive email web archive. ClearSilver is Open Source and is used by several Google products and other projects such as Trac. The ideas behind Archive formed the basis for Google Groups. Prior to Neotonic Software, David Jeske and Brandon Long worked together at eGroups and at Yahoo on Yahoo! Groups. Both also attended the University of Illinois. Notes Category:Defunct software companies Category:Google acquisitions Category:Companies established in 2001

Sesfontein Constituency Sesfontein Constituency is an electoral constituency of Namibia. Located in Kunene Region, it has a population of 7,358. Its district capital is the settlement of Sesfontein. It is bordered by Khorixas Constituency to the south, Kamanjab Constituency to the east, Opuwo Rural to the north and Okahao Constituency in Omusati Region to the northeast. Sesfontein is the only settlement in this constituency but this vast area contains a number of tourism facilities like the Palmwag and Warmquelle lodges. Politics Sesfontein Constituency voters traditionally supported electing opposition parties for the National Assembly and President. 2004 In 2004, it was one of the few constituencies in Namibia to vote for an opposition candidate for President in the latest Presidential election, 2004. In that year, Justus ǁGaroëb of the United Democratic Front) received the most votes for President with 1,259 (46.01%) total votes, while Hifikepunye Pohamba of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), who won more than 76% of the national vote, received only 896 votes (32.78%) in the Constituency. Nationally, Sesfontein represented approximately 4% of ǁGaroëb's vote despite only representing less than .0033% of the national vote for President. Likewise, Sesfontein supported an opposition candidate, Hendrik Gaobaeb also of the UDF, for regional council. 2009 In 2009, Sesfontein Constituency again supported the UDF (1142 or 38.36%), though to a lesser degree than in 2004. SWAPO improved their vote total and percentage to 1092 from 896 (32.78% to 36.68%). 2015 The 2015 regional election was won by Julius Koujova of the SWAPO Party with 1,514 votes, Hendrik Gaobaeb of the United Democratic Front (UDF) came second with 1,063 votes. Independent candidates Asser Ndjitezeua and Timotheus Hochobeb followed with 328 and 272 votes respectively. Amon Kapi of the Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) also ran and received 87 votes. References Category:Constituencies of Kunene Region

Ginataang hipon Ginataang hipon is a Filipino seafood soup made from shrimp in coconut milk and spices. It differs from other types of ginataan (which also commonly include shrimp), in that it does not use vegetables. It is a type of ginataan. Variants of the dish includes ginataang curacha and ginataang sugpo, which use spanner crabs and prawn (or lobster) in place of shrimp, respectively. Description Ginataang hipon is one of the simpler types of ginataan. The basic recipe includes unshelled shrimp with the heads intact, coconut milk, onion, garlic, ginger/turmeric, patis (fish sauce) or bagoong alamang (shrimp paste), and salt and pepper to taste. It can also be spiced with siling haba or labuyo peppers. The onion and garlic are first sautéed in oil in a pan, followed by the shrimp, then the rest of the ingredients are added until cooked. Some recipes prefer to boil the coconut milk until it is reduced and oily, while others keep the dish soupy. Coconut cream is also preferred if available, instead of thin coconut milk. The dish does not normally include any type of vegetables. Some versions, however, add leafy vegetables, bamboo shoots (labong), tomatoes, and/or cucumber. Variants Ginataang hipon can also be cooked with spanner crabs (ginataang curacha) or prawns/lobsters (ginataang sugpo). A notable variant of ginataang curacha is curacha Alavar. See also Halabos Pininyahang hipon Coconut soup List of dishes using coconut milk List of soups References Category:Philippine soups Category:Foods containing coconut Category:Shrimp dishes Category:Philippine seafood dishes

Kemp Commission The Kemp Commission, headed by former United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Jack Kemp, was a tax reform commission that recommended the current Income tax in the United States be replaced with a flat tax. History In 1995, the commission was set up by Robert Dole and Newt Gingrich to study ways to encourage economic growth. After Dole and Gingrich chose Kemp as chairman, each appointed four additional members to the commission. During January 1996, the Kemp Commission reported on overhauling the tax system. Proposal The commission concluded that "a flat rate tax would not only be a fairer system for middle-income Americans but also would abolish income taxes for relatively poor people by providing for a generous personal exemption." The Kemp Commission laid out 6 "points of policy" in its proposal: A single tax rate Large personal and dependent exemptions to remove lower-income people from the tax rolls Lower tax rates for families Allowing workers to deduct Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes Ending taxation of interest, dividends and capital gains Requiring a two-thirds majority in Congress to raise the tax rate. Response William G. Gale wrote in a response for the Brookings Institution that "the report is symptomatic of the whole debate on tax reform: there is widespread agreement on the principles of tax reform, much less agreement on what those principles mean in practice, and perhaps very little on how to trade off one principle against another. But the revenue estimates provided above suggest that all of the stated goals of the commission cannot be achieved simultaneously: choices will have to be made between desirable features of the rate structure, the tax base, and extent and direction of social policy." Accounting firm, Coopers & Lybrand, concluded "that a flat tax offering exemptions for homeownership, charitable contributions, investments, payroll taxes and other priorities favored by the panel would require a rate of at least 25 percent to keep from adding to the deficit." See also Tax reform References External links Kemp Commission: Damn the Deficit, Full Speed Backwards by Citizens for Tax Justice Category:Tax reform in the United States

Cory Blair Cory Blair (born 28 June 1985) is an Australian born American rugby union player. Cory plays centre for his club, Huntington Beach, in California. He was selected to tour with the USA national rugby union team, the USA Eagles XV, for the Autumn 2010 tour of Europe. In 2010 he was named in the United States national rugby league team squad for the 2010 Atlantic Cup His brother, Cheyse Blair, plays for Castleford Tigers in the Super League. He currently plays rugby league for the Tweed Heads Seagulls. References External links Player Profile eaglesxv.com scrfu.org Category:1985 births Category:American rugby union players Category:American rugby league players Category:Rugby union centres Category:United States international rugby union players Category:Rugby union fullbacks Category:Australian people of American descent Category:Sportspeople from the Gold Coast, Queensland Category:Rugby league centres Category:Tweed Heads Seagulls players Category:Rugby league fullbacks Category:Living people

REG WindPower REG WindPower is a renewable energy company, in the United Kingdom. REG Windpower is one of the UK’s leading developers and operators of small to medium-sized wind farms, operating nine sites in England and one in Wales, with a combined operational capacity of 41.15 MW. The ultimate parent company Renewable Energy Generation Limited, registered in Jersey, was put into liquidation in January 2016. Wind farms owned and operated by REG Its nine operational wind farms are: Braich Ddu, Glanrafon, Gwynedd; Goonhilly Downs, the Lizard, Cornwall; High Haswell, Easington, County Durham; High Pow, Wigton, Cumbria; High Sharpley, County Durham; Loscar, Harthill, Rotherham; Ramsey, Cambridgeshire; Roskrow Barton, Penryn, Cornwall; St Breock, Cornwall; Whittlesey, Peterborough. Company history REG Windpower was founded as the Cornwall Light and Power Company in 1989, and changed its name to REG Windpower in 2010. REG Windpower is owned by Renewable Energy Generation Ltd. REG Ltd is listed on the London Stock Exchange Alternative Investment Market (AIM). As well developing, building and operating wind farms, the group also generates renewable energy from used cooking oil through its subsidiary company REG Bio-Power. Financial Results In March 2011, REG reported pre-tax losses, which the company blamed on unusually low wind levels in the preceding year. Financial Year 2012 - pre-tax loss of £2,313,731 Financial Year 2013 - pre-tax loss of £4,683,136 Financial Year 2014 - pre-tax loss of £4,838,896 Financial Year 2015 - pre-tax loss of £17,678,599 Proposed new wind farms In October 2011, REG Windpower launched public consultation on several new wind farms in England. If completed, these projects will have a combined installed capacity of almost 50 MW. The projects are: Bank House Farm, Croft, North East Lincolnshire; French Farm Extension, Thorney, Peterborough; Grange Farm, Wiltshire; M48, South Gloucestershire; Mendennick, Cornwall; St Breock Repower, Cornwall; Steadfold Lane, Ketton, Rutland. Old River Don, Crowle, Lincolnshire Knockshinnoch, Rankinston, East Ayrshire Langthwaite, Millom, Cumbria Controversies REG Windpower has attracted criticism over their selection of some of their development sites. Old River Don wind farm - the site chosen for 6 turbines was the site of two World War II graves. A Lancaster bomber crashed in September 1945 and two Australian airmen were never found. The location of one of the turbines was to be close to where the crash site was believed to be. Knockshinnoch Wind Farm - East Ayrshire Council Planning Committee granted consent for the site on 30 January 2015 despite an objection from West of Scotland Archaeology Service due to the existence of Carline Knowe, a prehistoric cairn sitting just a few metres from the base of the turbines. The site is located 200 metres from the edge of Dunstonhill surface mine which was abandoned following the collapse of Scottish Coal in April 2013. Many local residents were unhappy with further development in this area while Dunstonhill blighted the landscape. The site also sits just 488 metres from the nearest home despite Scottish Government Guidance recommending a minimum separation distance for this size of turbine (126.5 metres height) being 900 metres. In total 26 separate planning policies and guidance were breached however the Planning Committee overturned the advice of the Planning Department to refuse. See also Green electricity in the United Kingdom Wind power in the United Kingdom Energy policy of the United Kingdom Energy use and conservation in the United Kingdom References Category:Wind power companies of the United Kingdom

Michael Davidson (cricketer, born 1992) Michael Davidson (born 3 September 1992) is a New Zealand cricketer who plays for Canterbury. He made his first-class debut on 13 February 2016 in the 2015–16 Plunket Shield. He made his List A debut on 27 December 2015 in the 2015–16 Ford Trophy. References External links Category:1992 births Category:Living people Category:New Zealand cricketers Category:Canterbury cricketers Category:Cricketers from Christchurch

Aksharit Aksharit is the first word game for Indian languages developed and marketed by MadRat Games Pvt. Ltd. It is a board game based on the Hindi language. The game is loosely inspired on crosswords, but is purported to be designed to have specific pedagogical utility in Hindi language learning. Aksharit is used in 3000 schools throughout India and has been used by over 300,000 children. It's also available in 10 other major Indian languages. It's available in the digital form on Nokia's Symbian3 platform and on Intel AppUp. It has been a recipient of the Manthan Award and has been recognized at conferences such as TechSparks and INKtalks. History Aksharit was conceptualized by Manuj Dhariwal, while he was pursuing his bachelor's degree in design from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, for his final year design project. In 2009, Manuj presented a business plan to market Aksharit at a business plan competition conducted by Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, which he went on to win. Rajat and Madhumita, both graduates in Computer Science and Engineering from IIT Bombay, had taken up teaching at Rishi Valley School in Andhra Pradesh. They had devised a number of innovative games to teach their respective courses. The three of them, came together and incorporated MadRat Games Pvt. Ltd in January 2009, with Aksharit as their flagship product. Aksharit is Patent Pending (Patent Number : 294/DEL/2010) Languages Aksharit is available in 10 other major Indian languages, exclusive of Hindi. They are Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Oriya, Urdu, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi and Punjabi. Aksharit is available in two versions, Junior and Senior, for every language. Game rules Designed for 2–8 players, above 10 years of age. Players have to form meaningful words on the board, given the constraints. Each player earns points on the basis of the word formed. There are specific points for each akshara tile. There are various positions on the board which lets the player earn point bonuses. The game ends when all the tiles supplied have been exhausted and the player with the highest points wins. Chotu Aksharit (junior version) Designed for 2–8 players, below 10 years of age. It is designed like a cross word, where players need to match the correct akshara printed on the board, with the corresponding akshara tile to form words. Each word has a corresponding picture to help children remember the word meaning. Depending upon the words formed they advance a commensurately on a board and the first player to reach the end of the board is declared the winner. References External links About Madhumita Halder Category:Board games introduced in 2009 Category:Word board games Category:Indian word games

Gunnar Grendstad Gunnar Grendstad (born 1 May 1960 in Kristiansand, Norway) is a Norwegian political scientist and Professor at the University of Bergen, Norway. He has researched methodological aspects of political science and American politics, and specializes on judicial behavior on the Supreme Court of Norway. He has been a Visiting Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley and Purdue University. External links Biography from the University of Bergen Category:1960 births Category:University of Bergen faculty Category:People from Kristiansand Category:Living people

Ruby McCollum Ruby McCollum, born Ruby Jackson (August 31, 1909 – May 23, 1992), was a wealthy married African-American woman in Live Oak, Florida, who is known for being arrested and convicted in 1952 for killing Dr. C. Leroy Adams, a prominent white doctor and state senator–elect. The judge restricted her testimony, but she did testify as to their sexual relationship and his paternity of her child. The judge prohibited her from recounting her allegations that Adams had repeatedly raped her, and forced her to bear his children. She was sentenced to death for his murder by an all-white jury. The sensational case was covered widely in the United States press, as well as by international papers. McCollum was subjected to a gag order. Her case was appealed and overturned by the State Supreme Court. Before the second trial, McCollum was examined and found mentally incompetent to stand trial. She was committed to the state mental hospital (Florida State Hospital) at Chattahoochee, Florida. In 1974 her attorney, Frank Cannon, obtained her release under the Baker Act, as she was not considered a danger to herself or others. In the 21st century, McCollum and her case received renewed attention, with books and four film documentaries exploring the issues of race, class, sexual violence, gender, and corruption in local politics from a modernist perspective. McCollum's case is considered a landmark trial by these people in the struggle for civil rights as they believe she was the first black woman to testify against a white man's sexual abuse and paternity of their child. It is considered to have helped change attitudes about the practice of "paramour rights”. McCollum's attorney, Releford McGriff, became part of a team who worked to change Florida's Jim Crow practice of selecting all-white juries. (Black people were still disenfranchised at that time and thus not eligible to serve as jurors, who were limited to voters.) Early life Ruby Jackson was born in 1909 to Gertrude and William Jackson in Zuber, Florida. She was the second child and first daughter among her six siblings. They attended local segregated schools. Ruby's parents recognized her intelligence and sent her to a private school, Fessenden Academy, where she excelled in bookkeeping. Marriage and family In 1931 Ruby Jackson married Sam McCollum. They moved to Nyack, New York as part of the Great Migration of rural blacks out of the South in the early 20th century. During the few years that they lived there, they had a son, Sam, Jr and a daughter Business activities In 1934, the couple relocated to the area of Fort Myers, Florida. Sam's gangster brother Buck McCollum had amassed considerable wealth managing a Bolita gambling business. Sam went into business with him and was reported to be a player in North Florida crime, including gambling and liquor sales. These were illegal in the county, but flourished because of payoffs to local law enforcement. In a related sideline, McCollums also sold burial policies and owned a local funeral home. By the 1940s and early 1950s, the McCollums were reported to have "amassed a fortune." based on their criminal activities. Sam and Ruby owned a "stately, two-story home," in Live Oak, Florida, a small town of 4,000 people, which they acquired from the prior bolita operator in the county when he was run out of town. Ruby McCollum drove a new Chrysler automobile each year. The McCollums owned several "jooks" (juke joint), served illegal liquor, collected money from the juke boxes, and had a farm outside of town with the largest tobacco allotment in Florida. It was at this time that Ruby developed an addiction to heroin. The McCollums also owned a farm near Lake City, where Sam stocked fields with quail for hunting with his prized bird dogs. Ruby McCollum was described as the wealthiest black woman in town. The couple were considered financially successful and well respected in the community, where they contributed liberally to their church. Their son and oldest child, Sam Jr., had started college at UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) by 1952. The couple had four children together: Sam, Jr., Sonja, Kay, and Loretta. McCollum later said that her youngest, Loretta, was a biracial child fathered by Dr. C. Leroy Adams in a forced relationship. Background Florida was a segregated state where black people had been essentially disenfranchised since the turn of the century amid passage of a constitution and laws imposing poll taxes, literacy tests, and other barriers to voter registration and black voting. The exclusion from voting meant that African Americans could not serve on juries, and they were generally excluded from any political office. The white Democrat-dominated state legislature following Reconstruction had passed laws to create legal segregation and Jim Crow. African Americans were kept in second-class status until passage in the mid-1960s of civil rights legislation following their decades of activism and support from the national Democratic Party led by President Lyndon Johnson. The power relations of some White men taking sexual advantage of Black women had a long history dating to slavery times, when female slaves were frequently raped by their White owners. From the late 17th century, Virginia and other colonies established laws that children of slave mothers were born into slavery, regardless of their paternity, under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem. An assumption that powerful white men could take black women as sexual partners, regardless of their desires or social status, continued to underlie many 20th century relations. This was called "paramour rights" at the time of the trial. Dr. C. Leroy Adams had a reputation as a "benevolent and popular doctor who administered to the needy." In 1952 he was elected to the state senate. His associate, Dr. Dillard Workman, campaigned for him. Adams was considered to have a potential political future as governor. Workman was Ruby McCollum's physician when she was pregnant with Adams' child. He performed the autopsy on Adams and testified to McCollum's sanity during her trial. Shooting of Dr. C. Leroy Adams On August 3, 1952, Ruby McCollum met Dr. C. Leroy Adams, a white physician and state senator-elect, in his office in Live Oak, Florida. She had driven there with her two young children. She later admitted that she shot him four times with a revolver, and said it was because he would not agree to leave her alone. She said that over a period of years, he had repeatedly forced her to submit to sex and to bear his child. She said that her two-year-old daughter, Loretta, was fathered by him. In notes and letters, McCollum said that Adams had abused her, and that she was pregnant with another child by him when she killed him. She also said that Adams took part in her husband Sam's "illegal gambling operation." An employee at the doctor's office later described seeing the doctor accept "large deliveries of cash in examination rooms." McCollum was arrested and taken to the state prison 50 miles away. This was temporary and for her protection, according to contemporary accounts. The day after her arrest, her husband Sam died of a heart attack in Zuber, Florida. He had taken their children there for safekeeping with Ruby's mother. Zora Neale Hurston, a black anthropologist and writer on assignment from the Pittsburgh Courier, was the first person to report on the trial for a newspaper outside Florida. She was required to sit upstairs in the segregated gallery of the courtroom. There were likely Ku Klux Klan members attending the trial. Her coverage helped McCollum's case gain a national and international audience. First trial McCollum was defended by Frank Cannon, a District Attorney from Jacksonville, Florida. The case was prosecuted by state's attorney Keith Black, and presided over by Florida's Third Circuit Court judge, Judge Hal W. Adams. (He was not related to the doctor, but had been an honorary pallbearer at his funeral). It was an all-white jury, some of whom had been Dr. Adams' patients. (As blacks were disenfranchised and generally not registered to vote, they did not qualify for the jury pool.) McCollum testified that Adams had forced sex upon her, that they had sex at her home and in his office (located immediately across the street from the courthouse), and that he insisted that she bear his child. The court prevented her defense attorney from presenting more complete information about their relationship. All of Cannon's efforts to introduce the doctor's pattern of repeated physical abuse of her at the office were objected to by the prosecutor and upheld by the judge. She was allowed to testify only to events on the day of the murder. She said that Adams had struck her repeatedly that day and they struggled. Essentially McCollum was silenced in court regarding additional testimony that would have established mitigating circumstances. According to Zora Neale Hurston, who reported on the trial for the Pittsburgh Courier: Ruby was allowed to describe how, about 1948, during an extended absence of her husband, she had, in her home, submitted to the doctor. She was allowed to state that her youngest child was his. Yet thirty-eight times Frank Cannon attempted to proceed from this point; thirty-eight times he attempted to create the opportunity for Ruby to tell her whole story and thus explain what were her motives; thirty-eight times the State objected; and thirty-eight times Judge Adams sustained these objections. The judge also imposed a gag order on McCollum, preventing the press from interviewing her. This also prevented her attorneys from the opportunity to determine whether speaking with the press would aid her case. Hurston writes that defense attorney Frank Cannon, frustrated by the court's upholding the state prosecuting attorney's objections to most of the evidence he tried to introduce about McCollum's relationship with Dr. Adams, turned to the judge and said, "May God forgive you, Judge Adams, for robbing a human being of life in such a fashion." While this is written by Hurston, and quoted by Huie, there is no record of the statement in the trial transcript. Hurston reported that Thelma Curry, a witness, was told to leave the witness stand and go back where she belongs. This does not appear in the trial transcript. The prosecuting attorney said that McCollum had shot Adams in anger over a disputed bill, an account supported by three witnesses during the trial. McCollum testified that she had discussed a bill with Adams that day, but maintained that she fired at the doctor in self-defense when he attacked her. The prosecution questioned this, pointing out that Adams was 100 pounds heavier than Ruby McCollum and all of the shots were fired into his back. Residents of Live Oak knew that McCollum was a wealthy woman, and she and her husband were known to pay their bills promptly. McCollum was convicted by the jury of first degree murder on December 20, 1952. She was sentenced to death in the electric chair. Her case was appealed. During the period before the appeal was decided, McCollum was held in the Suwannee County Jail. Her conviction and death sentence were overturned on a technicality by the Florida Supreme Court on July 20, 1954. The court cited Judge Hal W. Adams, the presiding judge, for failing to be present at the jury's inspection of the scene of the crime. Second trial Concerned for her mental health, defense attorney Frank Cannon arranged for McCollum to be examined in the county jail, where she had been held for about two years. At the second trial, he entered a plea of insanity. Upon receiving the results of an examination of McCollum by court-appointed physicians, including Dr. Adams' associate Dr. Dillard Workman, the state attorney Randall Slaughter agreed to the plea. McCollum was declared mentally incompetent to stand trial. She was committed to the Florida State Hospital for mental patients at Chattahoochee, Florida. She was held there until 1974, when her attorney, Frank Cannon, successfully filed for her release under Florida's recently enacted Baker Act. It allowed release of mental patients who were not judged to be a threat to themselves or the community. Coverage There was extensive coverage of the trial, but the judge put McCollum under a gag order. The press was never allowed to interview McCollum. Ellis, who remembers the trial in his hometown, emphasizes that this isolation of McCollum from the press was done less to cover up the affair between McCollum and Adams, which was already making the gossip circuits of the town, than it was to conceal the illegal dealings between whites and blacks in the community related to gambling and liquor. The IRS was in town to collect taxes on unreported gambling and liquor sales. Ellis writes that this attempt to silence McCollum proved in the long run to be totally unsuccessful. Following his publication of the annotated transcript of the trial, McCollum and her case have been the subject of a number of books and documentaries published since his release of the annotated transcript of the trial. The noted African-American writer Zora Neale Hurston covered the trial for the Pittsburgh Courier from the fall of 1952 through Ruby McCollum's conviction just before Christmas that year. She was forced to sit in the segregated second-floor gallery of the courtroom. From January–March 1953, the Courier published Hurston's series entitled, "The Life Story of Ruby McCollum". Hurston, who was unable to attend the appeal or the second trial for financial reasons, contacted journalist William Bradford Huie to interest him in the case. They had worked together before and he had taken on controversial cases. She shared her notes from the first trial and corresponded with him to furnish additional information. She also asked for bus fare to attend the trial, but Huie did not respond. Huie did investigate the story and, after attending the appeal and second trial, published Ruby McCollum: Woman in the Suwannee Jail (1956). This book became a bestseller. Huie asked his publisher not to distribute the book in Florida due to his continuing legal troubles there. Huie's book also addresses his effort to fight Judge Adams' gag order against the press. He filed a First Amendment challenge, claiming freedom of the press to speak to the defendant, but did not succeed in his suit. At one point, Judge Adams charged Huie with contempt of court for attempting to influence Dr. Fernay, a witness scheduled to testify as to McCollum's sanity. The journalist served overnight in jail as a result of not paying a fine the judge had imposed in the contempt charge. During that period, Huie met the director, Elia Kazan. In 1960 they had discussions about Kazan's directing a film to be adapted from Huie's book and entitled The Ruby McCollum Story. While other films based on Huie's books were produced in the 1960s and later, none was made from his account of the Ruby McCollum story. Huie says in his updated, fourth edition of his work (1964) that he was denied entrance to the Florida State Mental Hospital in Chattahoochee, Florida where Ruby McCollum was held. Jet Magazine reporters visited Ruby McCollum there in 1958 and published their interview with her. Huie never interviewed McCollum. Later years and death In 1974, attorney Frank Cannon, who was her primary attorney during her murder trial in 1952, visited McCollum in the mental hospital. Without asking for any legal fees, he filed legal papers to have her released under the Baker Act. This allowed mental patients who were considered not to be a danger to be released to their families. Her initial commitment had been due to her having been found mentally incompetent to stand trial. McCollum lived after her release in a rest home in Silver Springs, Florida, funded by a trust set up by author William Bradford Huie. He had paid her $40,000 for the movie rights for a feature film which he hoped to have adapted from his book about the case, Ruby McCollum: Woman in the Suwannee Jail (1964, 4th edition). McCollum was finally able to see her children again. Sam Jr. had been convicted in 1975 in federal court on 10 counts of gambling. He had been living in the McCollum homestead, from which the FBI confiscated $250,000. They later returned a good portion of it to him, after the IRS deducted appropriate taxes and penalties. McCollum's daughters Sonja and Kay both married and lived in Ocala, Florida. Kay (McCollum) Hope died in a car accident in 1978 and Sonja (McCollum) Wood died of a heart attack in 1979. In November 1980, Al Lee of the Ocala Star Banner interviewed McCollum at the rest home in Silver Springs. Lee wrote that McCollum had no memory of her ordeal. He reported that psychiatrists said that she may have suffered Ganser syndrome, or the suppression of painful memories. In those years, the State Mental Hospital at Chattahoochee was investigated more than once over issues of patient treatment, overuse of medications including thorazine, and the administration of electroshock therapy, which can affect memory. On May 23, 1992, at 4:45 a.m., McCollum died of a stroke at the New Horizon Rehabilitation Center, at the age of 82. Her brother, Matt Jackson, had died less than a year before. The family arranged for her to be buried beside him and his wife in the cemetery behind Hopewell Baptist Church in Live Oak. Her name was mistakenly spelled on her death certificate as "Ruby McCollumn". Aftermath The case has haunted people, in part because of Judge Adams's gag order. Some commentators said the silences were to keep quiet the fact that there had been some white participation in Sam McCollum's illegal bolita operations, source of untaxed money to help finance the participants’ businesses in town. As Judge Adams upheld prosecutor's objections during the trial, the defense attorney Cannon was prevented from introducing most of the evidence related to Adams' sexual abuse of McCollum. She was allowed, however, to testify to being forced to have Adams' baby. This was the first time that a black woman had testified to a white man's paternity of her child and other circumstances of her defense. This established the trial as a landmark case, since no other black woman who had shot and killed a white man had ever been allowed to testify in her own defense. In the 21st century, new non-fiction and fiction books continue to be published about McCollum and the case. C. Arthur Ellis, Jr. published a compiled and edited transcript of the trial in 2003, with a revised edition in 2007. His associated commentary describes the importance of this trial in the history of civil rights as the first time that an African-American woman testified in court against a white man to say that he had forced sex upon her, and testified to his paternity of their child. Until this time, Ellis notes, African-American women were afforded no protection under the law for rape by a white man. Ellis said he published the transcript because many scholars had mistakenly said that McCollum did not testify at her trial; they had noted that the court upheld most of the objections of the prosecution to introducing testimony about the abusive relationship. A 2014 episode of the Investigation Discovery show A Crime to Remember, "The Shot Doctor," perpetuated this error. In his annotated edition, Ellis explores the intertwining of personal and professional relationships among the figures prominent in the case and the trial. He noted that late 20th and early 21st-century professional standards related to conflict of interest would likely classify certain figures as having violated those standards. As an example, he notes that Dr. Dillard Workman was Adams' medical associate. He treated McCollum for her prenatal care of her child by Adams. Workman had campaigned for Adams in his state senatorial race. He was commissioned to conduct Adams' autopsy and testified about it during the murder trial of his patient, McCollum, the defendant. In addition, at the second trial of McCollum, he testified as an expert witness as to her sanity. He would likely be considered today to be violating his obligation to her as his patient in these actions. In addition, the judge who presided over the trial was a pallbearer at Dr. Adams' funeral. In 2006, Tammy Evans published The Silencing of Ruby McCollum: Race, Class, and Gender in the South through University Press of Florida. Reviewer Elizabeth Boyd writes, "The starkness of the crime was matched only by the evasiveness that characterized its aftermath, and it is this prevarication--this collective dissembling on the part of Live Oak folk, white and black--that is the true subject of the book." Evans focuses on the silencing of Ruby McCollum by the court placing a gag order on her and prohibiting her from speaking to the press. She said this freed whites to create a "cover story." Ellis says that the town's silence towards "outsiders" was out of fear of the IRS, whose agents were scouring the town to uncover covert gambling revenues for which taxes went unpaid. Ellis also points out that the "cover story" of Ruby McCollum murdering Dr. Adams over a doctor bill resulted from McCollum and Adams arguing over a bill at the time of the murder. Witnesses to the argument testified to the argument, leading to the assumption that the murder was because of the argument. In 2015, Ellis published a book, Hall of Mirrors: Confirmation and Presentist Biases in Continuing Accounts of the Ruby McCollum Story. He explores the biases of filmmakers and academicians in their interpretations of McCollum's story. Ellis published, for the first time, the letters of Ruby McCollum, written from prison and the Florida State Mental Hospital, and the letters of Dr. Adams's nurse, Edith Park. Ellis notes that one of McCollum's letters to her attorneys speaks of her turning down an interview with a reporter from a Jacksonville newspaper who visited her in prison at Raiford. This had not been noted by other writers who cited Judge Adams's gag order. Ellis also cites reporters who spoke with residents of Live Oak at the time, dispelling the notion that the townspeople of Live Oak did not speak to any of them.<ref name="ReferenceA">Ellis, C. Arthur, Jr., Hall of Mirrors: Confirmation and Presentist Biases in Continuing Accounts of the Ruby McCollum Story, Gadfly Publishing, 2015</ref> Representation in other media In 1999, Thulani Davis wrote a play, Everybody's Ruby: Story of a Murder in Florida, which premiered in New York at the Joseph Papp Public Theatre, directed by Kenny Leon. It starred Viola Davis as McCollum and Phylicia Rashad as author Zora Neale Hurston. The play is described as highly artistic, but departing significantly from the historical facts. In 2009, C. Arthur Ellis wrote a historical novel, Zora Hurston And The Strange Case Of Ruby McCollum, based on Hurston's articles for the Pittsburgh Courier and his own research for his non-fiction book on the trial. In 2010, "The Ballad of Ruby McCollum", a song performed by Peg and Chip Carbone, written by Peg and Chip Carbone and David Schmeling, was recorded at Reveal Audio - Atlanta. The Other Side of Silence is a 2012 documentary film about McCollum and her case by Dr. Claudia Hunter Johnson, a writer and teacher. (She was nominated for a 1995 Pulitzer Prize for her memoir, Stifled Laughter.) The film contains an interview with A. K. Black, the prosecutor in the McCollum case. Johnson reported receiving a death threat while working on the film. The film was the official nominee at several film festivals in 2012.Curtain of Secrecy: The Story of Ruby McCollum (documentary) (2014), a feature-length documentary about Ruby McCollum, premiered in Jacksonville, Florida. It is produced by the Art Institute of that city, and directed by Ramona Ramdeen. She interviewed Dr. C. Arthur Ellis, Jr., the only living historian who personally knew all of the figures in the case. In November 2014, '"The Shot Doctor", an episode in the A Crime to Remember series airing on Investigation Discovery, included historian, Dr. C. Arthur Ellis, Jr. The narrator mistakenly said that McCollum was not allowed to testify at her trial. Ellis correctly noted that she was allowed to testify that Adams forced sex upon her, that she bore his child. Other details her defense tried to introduce were prevented by the judge upholding prosecutor's objections.You Belong to Me: Sex, Race and Murder in the South (2015), a feature-length documentary about Ruby McCollum and her case, was released on video on demand and DVD, in conjunction with Black History Month and Women's History Month. The film was produced by Hilary Saltzman, Kitty Potapow, and Jude Hagin (former state film commissioner) through Hummingbird Film Productions, LLC. It was written and directed by John Cork. It was the first film for which members of the McCollum and Adams families spoke on the record about the case. The last surviving juror from the trial and others involved in case also participated in the film. C. Arthur Ellis, Jr. published a monograph, Hall of Mirrors: Confirmation and Presentist Biases in Continuing Accounts of the Ruby McCollum Story (2015). It explores how the events have been interpreted in print and film. References Bibliography Diaz, John A. "Woman Chased by Mob After Slaying Doctor: Murder of White Medico Touches Off Powder Keg." (Pittsburgh Courier, August 16, 1952) Ellis, C. Arthur (Jr.) and Leslie E. Ellis, The Trial of Ruby McCollum: The True-crime Story That Shook the Foundations of the Segregationist South! 1st Book Library, 2003. . Ellis, C. Arthur (Jr.), State of Florida vs. Ruby McCollum, Defendant (Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu Press, 2007). . Evans, Tammy. The Silencing of Ruby McCollum: Race, Class, and Gender in the South (Gainesville, Fla.: University Press of Florida, 2006). . Huie, William Bradford, Ruby McCollum: Woman in the Suwannee Jail (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1956). 2nd Edition (title change only): The Crime of Ruby McCollum. (London: Jarrolds Publishers, 1957). 3rd Edition: The Crime of Ruby McCollum. (London: Grey Arrow, 1959). Fourth Edition (revised and updated): Ruby McCollum: Woman in the Suwannee Jail. (New York: Signet Books, 1964). Hurston, Zora Neale. Series of articles covering the trial: Pittsburgh Courier, October 1952-January 1953. Also, "The Life Story Of Ruby McCollum", Pittsburgh Courier, Jan-March 1953. Fiction Davis, Thulani. Everybody's Ruby (Samuel French, Inc., 2000, 79 pages), drama play, . Ellis, C. Arthur (Jr.). Zora Hurston And The Strange Case Of Ruby McCollum, historical novel based upon events. (Chattanooga, TN: Gadfly Publishing, 2009). . Further reading "Psychiatrists Report Woman Slayer Insane", Daytona Beach Morning Journal, September 24, 1954. "Ruby McCollum's Fate Is Mulled", St. Petersburg Times, December 10, 1973. "Woman may be freed in Fla. doctor's death", The Afro American, January 26, 1974. "Judge strips 135G McCollum Estate", Baltimore Afro-American, March 31, 1953. External links Interview with C. Arthur Ellis, re: novel, Zora Hurston and The Strange Case of Ruby McCollum, NPR, available on YouTube, June 5, 2009 "A Guide to the Documents Relating to the Trial of Ruby McCollum for the Murder of Dr. LeRoy Adams, Live Oak, Florida, 1954", University of Florida Smathers Libraries Ruby McCollum story movie rights, Ocala Star Banner'' Official website for the documentary, You Belong to Me: Sex, Race, and Murder in the South Ruby McCollum's headstone at New Hope Baptist Church, Findagrave Dr. C. L. Adams, Jr. headstone, Live Oak, Florida city cemetery, Findagrave Category:African-American people Category:People from Marion County, Florida Category:American prisoners sentenced to death Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by Florida Category:People convicted of murder by Florida Category:1992 deaths Category:1909 births Category:People from Live Oak, Florida Category:People from Fort Myers, Florida Category:People from Nyack, New York

Najibullah Najibullah () is a male Muslim given name, composed of the elements Najib and Allah. It means distinguished (servant) of God. It may refer to: People Mohammad Najibullah (1947–1996), President of Afghanistan Najeebullah Anjum (born 1955), Pakistani film and television actor Najiballah Zarimi (born 1979), Afghan footballer Najibullah (militant leader) (born ca. 1979), leader of Taliban splinter group Fidai Mahaz in Afghanistan Najibullah Zazi (born 1985), Afghan imprisoned in the USA for terrorist offenses Najibullah Lafraie, Foreign Minister of Afghanistan between 1992 and 1996 Najibullah Quraishi, Afghan journalist and film maker Najibullah Zadran, Afghan international cricketer Places Kot Najeebullah, town in Pakistan Category:Arabic-language surnames Category:Arabic masculine given names

Hummingbirds (book) Hummingbirds is a large format, fine art book coffee table book about hummingbirds written by John C. Arvin, with 212 illustrations of hummingbirds in their habitat, and published in 2016. The book is published by Gorgas Science Foundation in the United States of America and Felis Creations in India. The illustrations were painted by three wildlife artists: Sangeetha Kadur, Raul Andrade, and Vydhehi Kadur. Sangeetha Kadur from India is the sister of the wildlife filmmaker Sandesh Kadur. The first volume showcases the 127 species of hummingbirds found throughout North America, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands. References Category:Hummingbirds Category:2016 non-fiction books Category:Coffee table books

Janus (journal) Janus was an academic journal published in Amsterdam in the French language from 1896 to 1990, devoted to the history of medicine and the history of science. It should not be confused with a different journal by the same name on the history of medicine, published roughly 50 years earlier in Germany as . Founding and early history The journal was founded in 1896 by Carel Eduard Daniëls and Hendrik Peypers, with the French subtitle [International Archive for the History of Medicine and Medical Geography]. In his 1895 doctoral dissertation in history, Peypers had already quoted Schlegel concerning the Janus-like viewpoint of the historian, "the prophet who also looks backwards": From 1915 onward, the journal called itself the [journal of the Dutch Society for the History of Medical, Exact, and Natural Sciences]. The society was founded at the same time as the journal, and existed primarily to publish the journal. This series of the journal ended in 1941, interrupted by World War II. Post-war revival In 1957, the same journal was restarted, this time subtitled [International Review for the History of Science, Medicine, Pharmacy, and Technology]. It had as co-editor; Bruins had recently returned to Amsterdam from teaching mathematics in Baghdad, and in 1969 he would be named professor of the history of mathematics at the University of Amsterdam. In 1963 he took over full editorship of the journal. Under the influence of Bruins, the journal began including the history of mathematics in its repertoire of topics. Bruins died in 1990, and his journal ceased publication in the same year. References Category:French-language journals Category:History of science journals Category:Publications established in 1896 Category:Publications disestablished in 1990

Frosta (disambiguation) Frosta is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. Frosta may also refer to: Places Frosta (village), a village in the municipality of Frosta in Trøndelag county, Norway Frosta Church, a church in the municipality of Frosta in Trøndelag county, Norway Frosta Hundred, a hundred in the traditional province of Scania in Sweden Other uses Frosta AG, a German frozen food producer SS Frosta, a tanker ship that was involved in the MV George Prince ferry disaster Frosta (She-Ra), a character in She-Ra: Princess of Power See also Frostating, a court in Frosta, Norway

Metropolitan municipality (South Africa) In South Africa, a metropolitan municipality or Category A municipality is a municipality which executes all the functions of local government for a city or conurbation. This is by contrast to areas which are primarily rural, where the local government is divided into district municipalities and local municipalities. The Constitution, section 155.1.a, defines "Category A" municipalities. In the Municipal Structures Act it is laid out that this type of local government is to be used for conurbations, "centre[s] of economic activity", areas "for which integrated development planning is desirable", and areas with "strong interdependent social and economic linkages". The metropolitan municipality is similar to the consolidated city-county in the US, although a South African metropolitan municipality is created by notice of the provincial government, not by agreement between district and local municipalities. History Metropolitan municipalities were brought about during reforms of the 1990s so that cities could be governed as single entities. This was a response to apartheid policy which had broken up municipal governance. For example, Soweto had, until 1973 been administered by the Johannesburg City Council, but after 1973 was run by an Administration Board separate from the city council. This arrangement deprived Soweto of vital subsidies that it had been receiving from Johannesburg. A key demand of anti-apartheid civics in the 1980s was for 'one city, one tax base' in order to facilitate the equitable distribution of funds within what was a functionally integrated urban space. Local government reform after apartheid produced six Transitional Metropolitan Councils following the 1995/6 local government elections. These were characterized by a two-tier structure. From 2000, these six Metropolitan Councils were restructured into their final single-tier form. In 2011, Buffalo City (East London) and Mangaung (Bloemfontein) were added to the category of metropolitan municipality. List of metropolitan municipalities See also Urban planning in Africa References Other sources Government Communication & Information Services (2005) Categories of municipalities Parliament of the Republic of South Africa (1996) Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Chapter 7: Local Government Parliament of the Republic of South Africa (1998) Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, Act 117 of 1998. South African Local Government Association

WRKE-LP WRKE-LP is a Variety formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Salem, Virginia, serving Salem and Roanoke in Virginia. WRKE-LP is owned and operated by Roanoke College. The station currently employs 70 Roanoke College Students and broadcasts from the main floor of the Colket Center of Roanoke College. Background WRKE is a student run, non-commercial radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to Roanoke College. WRKE is a advised under a professional advisory board. The station is under manager and adviser Rick Mattioni, and program director Elijah Wilhelm. The station plays on an automated system playing alternative/indie music when student DJ's are not on air. Student shows vary from sports-talk, alternative, pop, or hip-hop. History The station got its start in 1998 when Jim Goodwin formed a club to establish a radio station on campus. Equipment was obtained and the station went on the air November 2005 with music played via computer automation until students returned after winter break to establish programming and shows. The station is building a fan base on campus and beyond as far as its low power transmitter can carry. While the broadcast radius is a mere 3 miles, this covers most of the Roanoke College community. Over the summer of 2016 a new, larger, more accessible on-air studio was built on Colket's main floor just a few feet from the Center's front doors and across the hall from the Commons. The upgrade enhances WRKE's ability to conduct interviews in roomier surroundings; produce live (and recorded) specials such as election night coverage and music performances; and increases the station's visibility. Beginning in early 2017, WRKE experienced unprecedented growth resulting in the station growing from 13 students, hosting 8 shows to 75 students, hosting 34 shows. WRKE also began its live and special events during this time. Events included Outlast, a competition similar to Big Brother, live radio dramas with the theater department, and live events from down in the Cavern. For their progress WRKE, under Program Director Elijah Wilhelm, won the Student Organization of the Year award for both the 2016-17 school year and the 2017-2018 school year. This is the only time the award has been won by the same organization in back to back years. Programming The station is DJ'd by Roanoke College students throughout the week during the academic year, and the station plays on an automated system playing alternative music when student DJ's are not on air. Student shows vary from sports-talk, alternative, pop, or hip-hop. Over the past year WRKE has also expanded its speciality event programming included joint collaborations with the RC theatre and athletic departments, remote broadcasts from local businesses, live audience shows for students, radio dramas, and a reality game competition. References External links 100.3 WRKE Online Category:2005 establishments in Virginia Category:Variety radio stations in the United States Category:Radio stations established in 2005 RKE-LP RKE-LP RKE-LP Category:Roanoke College

Jakob Nikolayevich Popov Jakob Nikolayevich Popov (1802 (1798?) - after 1852 (1859?)) was a Russian architect. His most noted work is the Demidovsky Pillar. Category:1802 births Category:1859 deaths Category:Russian architects Category:19th-century Russian architects

Herstal Herstal, formerly known as Heristal, or Héristal, is a municipality of Belgium. It lies in the country's Walloon Region and Province of Liège along the Meuse river. Herstal is included in the "Greater Liège" agglomeration, which counts about 600,000 inhabitants. Herstal municipality includes the former communes of Milmort, Vottem, and Liers (partly, the other part being incorporated into Juprelle). A large armaments factory, the Fabrique Nationale or FN, and the biggest industrial zone of Wallonia (Haut-Sart) provide employment locally. History Merovingian and Carolingian golden age The proximity of the Meuse River and the abundance of local resources attracted settlers in this area since the fifth millennium BC. Around the end of the Roman era and at the beginning of the Merovingian period, the hamlet had become a fortified stronghold. The major road that linked Tongeren to Aachen crossed the Meuse here, where a ferry likely carried travelers to Jupille. The name Herstal is of Franconian origin, consisting of the elements hari ("army") and stal ("resting place", compare "stable"). The first mention of Herstal is in Latin documents from ±718 (Cheristalius corrected to Charistalius) and 723 (Harastallius). The first possibly non-Latinized occurrences are Eristail (in 919) and Harstail (1197). Pippin of Herstal (ca 635–714), Mayor of the Palace and de facto ruler of Austrasia and Neustria and founder of the family that established the Carolingian dynasty, probably chose this location as his main residence because of its proximity to the major cities of Tongeren, Maastricht, and Liège. Pippin was the father of Charles Martel, victor of the decisive Battle of Tours that stopped the Arab-Muslim advance into northwestern Europe, and grandfather of Charlemagne, also supposedly born in Herstal. Charlemagne lived for at least fifteen years in Herstal but later established his capital in Aachen, ending Herstal’s period of medieval glory as capital of the empire. Late Middle Ages until now The town was incorporated into the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, which became part of the Duchy of Brabant at the end of the 12th century. Despite its proximity to Liège, the territory of Herstal did not become part of the Bishopric of Liège until 1740, when the prince-bishop Georges-Louis de Berghes bought it from Frederick II of Prussia. By that time, the town was mainly known for its able craftsmen: ceramists, blacksmiths, and clockmakers. In the 19th century, Herstal became a city of coal and steel. It would, however, become world-famous thanks to the foundation of the Fabrique Nationale, a major armament factory, in 1889. Several motorcycle manufacturers also established themselves in town. On August 7, 1914, at the very beginning of World War I, the invading German army executed 27 civilians and destroyed 10 homes in Herstal. After World War II, heavy industry saw a prolonged period of decline, drastically reducing the number of jobs in these areas. Today, Herstal’s economy is picking up again, with more than 200 companies established on its territory, including Techspace, which manufactures precision parts for the European Space Agency’s Ariane rocket. Politics Herstal is a left-wing/socialist stronghold. It was also the strongest area in support of the far-left Workers' Party of Belgium in the 2019 elections, gaining 27.55% of the votes in Herstal. Sights A museum, housed in a 1664 building typical of the region, shows various artifacts of the Prehistoric and Gallo-Roman periods, a Frankish burial place, and several displays retracing the history of the Pippinid dynasty that originated here. The museum also has a collection of local industrial products, including samples from the FN. The Pippin Tower incorporates a wall section thought to have belonged to the palace of Charlemagne. Notable people Pippin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy (635 or 640–714) Charles Martel, Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks (686–741) Charlemagne, king of the Franks and founder of the Holy Roman Empire (742 or 747–814, birth in Herstal is uncertain) John Browning, American firearms designer (1855–1926) Twin cities : Castelmauro : Kilmarnock : Alès References External links Category:Municipalities of Liège (province) Category:Populated places in Liège (province) Category:Populated places in Belgium

Fenyuan Fenyuan Township () is a rural township in Changhua County, Taiwan. Geography Fenyuan encompasses and a population of 23,843, including 12,533 males and 11,310 females as of January 2017. Administrative divisions The township comprises 15 villages: Dapu, Dazhu, Fengkeng, Fenyuan, Jiapei, Jiaxing, Jinfen, Jiushe, Shekou, Tongan, Xianzhuang, Xitou, Zhonglun, Zhulin and Zunqi. Tourist attractions Alice's Garden Baozang Temple Notable natives Lin Shu-fen, member of 7th, 8th and 9th Legislative Yuan References External links Fenyuan Government website Category:Townships in Changhua County

Will Rogers Stakes The Will Rogers Stakes is an American Grade IIIT Thoroughbred horse race. Run annually in the latter part of May at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood, California, the race is open to three-year-old horses. It is run over a distance of one mile on turf and currently carries a purse of $100,000. Run as a handicap prior to 2001. Run at one mile since 1995. Run exclusively on turf since 1969. Run for 3-year-olds & up in 1938, 1944. The race was named for legendary American humorist and horseman Will Rogers who died in 1935. Among the notable winners of this race are two U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductees. Swaps won the 1955 Kentucky Derby and, in his next outing, won the Will Rogers Stakes by twelve lengths. Round Table won the race in 1957 by three and a half lengths. In 2010, the Will Rogers was lengthened to 1 1/16-mile. Winners of the Will Rogers Stakes since 2000 Earlier winners (partial list) 1999 - Eagleton 1998 - Magical 1997 - Brave Act 1996 - Let Bob Do It 1995 - Via Lombardia 1994 - Unfinished Symph 1993 - Future Storm 1992 - The Name's Jimmy 1991 - Compelling Sound 1990 - Itsallgreektome 1989 - Notorious Pleasure 1988 - Word Pirate 1987 - Something Lucky 1986 - Mazaad 1985 - Pine Belt 1984 - Tsunami Slew 1983 - Barberstown 1982 - Give Me Strength 1982 - Sword Blade 1981 - Splendid Spruce 1980 - Stiff Diamond 1979 - Ibacache 1978 - April Axe 1977 - Nordic Prince 1976 - Madera Sun 1975 - Uniformity 1974 - Stardust Mel 1973 - Groshawk 1972 - Quack 1971 - Dr. Knighton 1971 - Fast Fellow 1970 - Lime 1970 - Whittingham 1969 - Tell 1968 - Poleax 1967 - Jungle Road 1966 - Ri Tux 1966 - Aqua Vite 1965 - Terry's Secret 1964 - Count Charles 1963 - Viking Spirit 1963 - Bre'r Rabbit 1962 - Wallet Lifter 1962 - Prince Of Plenty 1961 - Four-and-Twenty 1960 - Flow Line 1959 - Ole Fols 1958 - Hillsdale 1957 - Round Table 1956 - Terrang 1955 - Swaps 1954 - Don McCoy 1953 - Imbros 1952 - Forelock 1951 - Gold Note 1950 - (Not run) 1949 - Blue Dart (Run at Santa Anita) 1948 - Speculation 1947 - On Trust 1946 - Burra Sahib 1945 - Quick Reward 1944 - Phar Rong 1943 - (Not run) 1942 - (Not run) 1941 - Battle Colors 1940 - Sweepida 1939 - Time Alone 1938 - Dogaway References The Will Rogers Stakes at the NTRA (retrieved November 8, 2007) The Will Rogers Stakes at Pedigree Query Category:Horse races in California Category:Hollywood Park Racetrack Category:Graded stakes races in the United States Category:Flat horse races for three-year-olds Category:Turf races in the United States

Nabata Station is a train station in Ikoma, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Lines Kintetsu Ikoma Line Surrounding Area Higashi-Ikoma Station Tezukayama University Higashiikoma Campus Adjacent stations Category:Railway stations opened in 1927 Category:Railway stations in Nara Prefecture

Atacama (disambiguation) The Atacama Desert is the most arid desert in the world which is located in Chile. Atacama may refer to: People Atacama people (Likan Antaí), indigenous people of Chile Places Atacama Region, first-order administrative division of Chile Atacama Province, Bolivia, former province of Bolivia Atacama Province, Chile, former province of Chile Atacama Department, former department of Bolivia, now in Chile Geological formations Atacama Trench, oceanic trench running along the west coast of South-America Puna de Atacama, high plateau in the Andes Atacama Fault Other Atacama border dispute, territorial dispute between Chile and Bolivia Puna de Atacama dispute, territorial dispute between Chile and Argentina 18725 Atacama, a minor planet

ISDA ISDA may refer to: International Swaps and Derivatives Association, trade organization of participants in the market for over-the-counter derivatives International Semiconductor Development Alliance, technology alliance between IBM, AMD/GlobalFoundries, Freescale, Infineon, NEC, Samsung, STMicroelectronics and Toshiba. Irish Student Drama Association, association for intercollegiate competition in Irish amateur student theatre Independence of Smith-dominated alternatives, a voting system criterion.

Burrilanka Burrilanka is situated in East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh State. References Category:Villages in East Godavari district

Seventh Regiment Armory The Seventh Regiment Armory, also known as Park Avenue Armory, is a historic National Guard armory building located at 643 Park Avenue in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The building is a brick and stone structure built in 1880 and designed in the Gothic Revival style by Charles Clinton. The building was made a National Historic Landmark in 1986. Design The building was designed by architect Charles Clinton in the Gothic Revival style and dedicated in 1880. The builder was R. L. Darragh and bricklayers were Van Dolson & Arnott. It is one of the two remaining armories in the United States to be built and furnished with private funds. It originally served as the headquarters and administrative building for the 7th New York Militia Regiment, known as the Silk Stocking Regiment due to the disproportionate number of its members who were part of the city's social elite. The building is known for detailed interior rooms that are furnished with ornamental woodwork, marble and stained glass. The main facade of the administration building faces Park Avenue between 66th & 67th Streets, with the large vaulted space for the drill hall in the center of the block. The administration building has provisions for a reception room, a library, veterans room and staff offices for ten regimental companies. Architects and interior designers of the American Aesthetic Movement were commissioned to furnish the rooms and company quarters. The library is known as the Silver Room or "Trophy Room" and was designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany who worked with architect Stanford White as a consultant on the project. The masterpiece of the armory building is the Veterans Room, also known as the Tiffany Room, with hand carved wood panelling and coffered ceiling in the Viking Revival style. Other significant craftsmen with work in the building include Kimbel and Cabus, Alexander Roux, Francis Davis Millet, and the Herter Brothers. Use Former The building was used for the historic live broadcast of the radio play The Fall of the City by Archibald MacLeish in 1937, because of its acoustic properties. From 1900 until 1963 the venue hosted the U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships. Current The Armory is currently leased by and home to Park Avenue Armory, a nonprofit arts organization whose mission is to revitalize the landmark as an alternative arts space. Other organizations using the space include: The 53rd Digital Liaison Detachment of the New York Army National Guard, a unit carrying on the heritage of the 7th Regiment. The Veterans of the 7th Regiment The Knickerbocker Greys, an afterschool program which has been at the Armory since 1902. The Veteran Corps of Artillery (VCA), a ceremonial unit which was organized on November 25, 1790 (Evacuation Day) by American Revolutionary War Veterans. The Lenox Hill Neighborhood House Women's Mental Health Shelter Park Avenue Armory has a partnership with Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design, a 9-12 college preparatory school in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The oldest after school program in the country, the Knickerbocker Greys also have their Clubhouse in the Armory. See also Champagne Unit List of National Historic Landmarks in New York City List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets List of armories and arsenals in New York City and surrounding counties National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 59th to 110th Streets Squadron A Armory References External links MuseumPlanet Armory narrated slide tour Park Avenue Armory Park Avenue Armory Website Tourist Profile cityguide.aol.com Photos & Short History Knickerbocker Greys VCA website Category:Armories in New York City Category:Armories on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Category:Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan Category:National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan Category:Historic American Buildings Survey in New York City Category:Gothic Revival architecture in New York City Category:Installations of the United States Army National Guard Category:Park Avenue Category:Government buildings completed in 1880 Category:1880 establishments in New York (state) Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan

Geronimo (1962 film) Geronimo is a 1962 Technicolor Western film made by Levy-Gardner-Laven and released by United Artists, starring Chuck Connors in the title role. The film was directed by Arnold Laven from a screenplay by Pat Fielder, filming took place in Sierra de Órganos National Park in the town of Sombrerete, Mexico . The following year, Connors married his costar, Kamala Devi. Summary The movie loosely follows the events leading up to the final surrender of Geronimo in 1886. Cast Chuck Connors as Geronimo Kamala Devi as Teela Pat Conway as Captain William Maynard Armando Silvestre as Natchez Adam West as Lieutenant John Delahay Lawrence Dobkin as General George A. Crook Ross Martin as Mangas Denver Pyle as Senator Conrad Eduardo Noriega as Colonel Morales John Anderson as Jeremiah Burns Enid Jaynes as Huera Nancy Rodman as Mrs. Marsh Amanda Ames as Mrs. Burns Claudio Brook as Mr. Henry Production In November 1957 the producing team of Arnold Laven, Arthur Gardner and Jules V. Levy announced they would make a film about Geronimo for their company, Gramercy Pictures, and release through United Artists. They hoped for Linda Darnell to play the female lead. Following the completion of the film, the producers signed Connors to a two picture contract. See also List of American films of 1962 References External links Category:1962 films Category:American films Category:English-language films Category:1960s Western (genre) films Category:Films set in the 1880s Category:Films about Native Americans Category:United Artists films Category:Films directed by Arnold Laven Category:Films scored by Hugo Friedhofer Category:Films shot in Mexico Category:American Western (genre) films Category:Cultural depictions of Geronimo Category:1960s historical films Category:American historical films

John William Carrington John William Carrington was the 9th Civil Auditor General. He was appointed on 1 December 1817, succeeding E. Tolfrey, and held the office until 1823. He was succeeded by Henry Augustus Marshall. References Category:Auditors General of Sri Lanka

Frank Mula Frank Mula is an American Television writer. He has written for Cosby, Madame's Place, Grand, The Simpsons and created the series, Local Heroes, which lasted 7 episodes. Mula was raised in South River, New Jersey. __TOC__ Writing credits The Simpsons episodes He has written the following episodes: "I Love Lisa" (1993) "The Last Temptation of Homer" (1993) "Faith Off" (2000) References External links Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:American television writers Category:Male television writers Category:People from South River, New Jersey

Orthobula impressa Orthobula impressa is a species of spiders of the genus Orthobula. It is native to India, Sri Lanka and the Seychelles. See also List of Phrurolithidae species References Category:Phrurolithidae Category:Spiders of Asia Category:Spiders described in 1897

Ossonoba Ossonoba may refer to : Ossonoba, a Roman city at the site of modern Faro, Portugal the former Diocese of Ossonoba, with see in that city, precursor of the Algarve bishopric of first Silves, (now) Faro Ossonoba (moth), a genus of moths

Kersey Coates Kersey Coates (September 15, 1823 – April 24, 1887) was a businessman from Kansas City, in the U.S. state of Missouri, who developed Quality Hill, founded the Kansas City Board of Trade, and was among those who attracted the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad to the city. Born a Quaker in Pennsylvania of Lindley Coates (1794–1856) and Deborah Simmons (1801–88), he was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover. He moved to Kansas City in 1854, a year after it was formally incorporated. He purchased land on the bluffs above the Missouri River on Quality Hill to develop an upscale neighborhood. In 1855 he married Sarah Walter Chandler, who was also from Pennsylvania and had come to the area with her family a year earlier. They had four children. He was active in the Free State Movement during the Bleeding Kansas skirmishes with neighboring Kansas. During the American Civil War he became a colonel in the Missouri Militia. He turned his planned hotel at 10th and Broadway into a Union Cavalry stable. After the war the stable was to become the Coates Hotel. Future Secretary of War Stephen B. Elkins served under Coates in the Battle of Lone Jack, the only battle in which Elkins served. Elkins was to say that the experience at Lone Jack filled him with disgust about war. After the war, he along Robert T. Van Horn and Charles E. Kearney persuaded the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad to build the first bridge across the Missouri River in Kansas City at the Hannibal Bridge. The bridge made Kansas City rather than Leavenworth, Kansas, the dominant city of the region. References Kansas City Public Library profile Category:1823 births Category:1887 deaths

Aberdeen station (SkyTrain) Aberdeen is an elevated station on the Canada Line of Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain rapid transit system. It is located in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. It is named after the adjacent Aberdeen Square and Aberdeen Centre, the largest of Richmond's Asian-themed malls. Location Aberdeen station is located south of the intersection of No. 3 Road and Cambie Road. The station is located in close proximity to numerous Asian-themed shopping centres along Richmond's Golden Village, including (from north to south) Yaohan Centre, President Plaza, Aberdeen Centre, and Parker Place. The station's east (northbound) platform is connected via overhead walkway across to Aberdeen Square and Aberdeen Centre malls. Station name The station was originally planned to be called "Cambie station" by RAV Project Management (RAVCO), and the City of Richmond confirmed its preference for this name in July 2005. However, a naming study conducted by the Canada Line Project Management Ltd. (renamed from RAVCO) identified some concerns with that name, among them the potential for confusion since "Cambie" is used as a street name in both Richmond and Vancouver (where Canada Line runs under Cambie Street). The study suggested the following alternate names for the city's consideration: "International station", "Riverside station", "Golden Village station", "Golden Plaza station", "Asia Pacific station", and "Aberdeen station". The first two options were selected as the internal staff recommendation; on the other hand, "Aberdeen station" was not recommended by the naming study in order to avoid commercial naming, although the name could be justified on the grounds that "Aberdeen Village" is the name of the planning sub-area the station is located in. The City of Richmond's planning committee voted on April 4, 2006, in favour of renaming it "Aberdeen station", which it claimed "would be readily identifiable in the community and synonymous with economic and population growth." Station information Station layout Bus routes 403 Three Road / Bridgeport Station 410 Richmond–Brighouse Station / 22nd Street Station N10 Richmond–Brighouse Station / Downtown References Category:Canada Line stations Category:Railway stations opened in 2009 Category:Buildings and structures in Richmond, British Columbia Category:2009 establishments in British Columbia

Luch (landform) The term Luch (plural: Luche) is German and refers to an area of originally expansive, marshy or boggy lowland in northeast Germany, especially in the state of Brandenburg. Luche are found mainly in Young Drift regions; but they also occur on Old Drift landscapes. According to Leser the term should not be translated. Location and history Luche mainly formed in the main urstromtal valleys or their side valleys. After the end of the Ice Age, the water table rose during the postglacial period resulting in the formation of bogs. The peat thickness is not particularly great; in most cases it is less than 2 metres thick. Before the installation of artificial drainage networks excess water often accumulated in the Luche in ponds. In contrast with lowlands with natural watercourses, they were give a different name from the neighbouring Bruche (carrs), such as the Oderbruch to the east and the Hohennauen Bruch on the Havel to the west. Most of the Luche in Brandenburg have since been drained by man and have become cultural landscapes. After land improvement, they were commonly used as grassland. Archaeologists like Klaus Goldmann believe that some of this reclamation began during the Slavic period, but that this was reversed by a worsening of the drainage conditions as a result of the construction of mill dams on the Havel. There are many Luche in Brandenburg; the largest are however beyond its state borders. Even several placenames are derived from the term Luch. Examples are Luckenwalde and Doberlug. If the generic term Luch is used, it usually refers to the regions of the Havelland Luch or Rhinluch. Examples – Most of these Luche are parts of larger Luche as shown in the list – Golmer Luch Havelland Luch Rhinluch Kremmener Luch Wustrauer Luch Rotes Luch Langes Luch Luchwiesen Alt Zaucher Luch References Category:Glacial landforms Category:Landforms of Brandenburg Category:Bogs of Germany

Microcredit for water supply and sanitation Microcredit for water supply and sanitation is the application of microcredit to provide loans to small enterprises and households in order to increase access to an improved water source and sanitation in developing countries. While most investments in water supply and sanitation infrastructure are financed by the public sector, investment levels have been insufficient to achieve universal access. Commercial credit to public utilities was limited by low tariffs and insufficient cost-recovery. Microcredits are a complementary or alternative approach to allow the poor to gain access to water supply and sanitation. Funding is allocated either to small-scale independent water-providers who generate an income stream from selling water, or to households in order to finance house connections, plumbing installations, or on-site sanitation such as latrines. Many microfinance institutions have only limited experience with financing investments in water supply and sanitation. While there have been many pilot projects in both urban and rural areas, only a small number of these have been expanded. A water connection can significantly lower a family's water expenditures, if it previously had to rely on water vendors, allowing cost-savings to repay the credit. The time previously required to physically fetch water can be put to income-generating purposes, and investments in sanitation provide health benefits that can also translate into increased income. Types There are three broad types of microcredit products in the water sector: Microcredits aiming to improve access to water supply and sanitation at the household level. Credits for small and medium enterprises for small water-supply investments. Credits to upgrade urban services and shared facilities in low-income areas. Household credits Microcredits can be targeted specifically at water and sanitation, or general-purpose microcredits may be used for this purpose. Such use is typically to finance household water and sewerage connections, bathrooms, toilets, pit latrines, rainwater harvesting tanks or water purifiers. The loans are generally with a tenure of less than three years. Microfinance institutions, such as Grameen Bank, the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, and numerous microfinance institutions in India and Kenya, offer credits to individuals for water and sanitation facilities. Non-government organisations (NGOs) that are not microfinance institutions, such as Dustha Shasthya Kendra (DSK) in Bangladesh or Community Integrated Development Initiatives in Uganda, also provide credits for water supply and sanitation. The potential market size is considered huge in both rural and urban areas and some of these water and sanitation schemes have achieved a significant scale. Nevertheless, compared to the microfinance institution's overall size, they still play a minor role. In 1999, all microfinance institutions in Bangladesh and more recently in Vietnam had reached only about 9 percent and 2.4 percent of rural households respectively. In either country, water and sanitation amounts to less than two percent of the microfinance institution's total portfolio. However, borrowers for water supply and sanitation comprised 30 percent of total borrowers for Grameen Bank and 10 percent of total borrowers from Vietnam Bank for Social Policies. For instance, the water and sanitation portfolio of the Indian microfinance institution SEWA Bank comprised 15 percent of all loans provided in the city of Admedabad over a period of five years. Examples WaterCredit The US-based NGO Water.org, through its WaterCredit initiative, had since 2003 supported microfinance institutions and NGOs in India, Bangladesh, Kenya and Uganda in providing microcredit for water supply and sanitation. As of 2011, it had helped its 13 partner organisations to make 51,000 credits. The organisation claimed a 97% repayment rate and stated that 90% of its borrowers were women. WaterCredit did not subsidise interest rates and typically did not make microcredits directly. Instead, it connected microfinance institutions with water and sanitation NGOs to develop water and sanitation microcredits, including through market assessments and capacity-building. Only in exceptional cases did it provide guarantees, standing letters of credit or the initial capital to establish a revolving fund managed by an NGO that was not previously engaged in microcredit. Indonesia Since 2003 Bank Rakyat Indonesia financed water connections with the water utility PDAM through microcredits with support from the USAID Environmental Services Program. According to an impact assessment conducted in 2005, the program helped the utility to increase its customer base by 40% which reduced its costs per cubic meter of water sold by 42% and reduced its non-revenue water from 56.5% in 2002 to 36% percent at the end of 2004. Vietnam In 1999, the World Bank in cooperation with the governments of Australia, Finland and Denmark supported the creation of a Sanitation Revolving Fund with an initial working capital of  million. The project was carried out in the cities of Danang, Haiphong, and Quang Ninh. The aim was to provide small loans () to low-income households for targeted sanitation investments such as septic tanks, urine diverting/composting latrines or sewer connections. Participating households had to join a savings and credit group of 12 to 20 people, who were required to live near each other to ensure community control. The loans had a catalyst effect for household investment. With loans covering approximately two-thirds of investment costs, households had to find complementary sources of finance (from family and friends). In contrast to a centralised, supply-driven approach, where government institutions design a project with little community consultation and no capacity-building for the community, this approach was strictly demand-driven and thus required the Sanitation Revolving Fund to develop awareness-raising campaigns for sanitation. Managed by the microfinance-experienced Women's Union of Vietnam, the Sanitation Revolving Fund gave 200,000 households the opportunity to finance and build sanitation facilities over a period of seven years. With a leverage effect of up to 25 times the amount of public spending on household investment and repayment rates of almost 100 percent, the fund is seen as a best practice example by its financiers. In 2009 it was considered to be scaled up with further support of the World Bank and the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies. Small and medium enterprise loans Small and medium enterprise (SME) loans are used for investments by community groups, for private providers in greenfield contexts, or for rehabilitation measures of water supply and sanitation. Supplied by mature microfinance institutions, these loans are seen as suitable for other suppliers in the value chain such as pit latrine emptiers and tanker suppliers. With the right conditions such as a solid policy environment and clear institutional relationships, there is a market potential for small-scale water supply projects. In comparison to retail loans on the household level, the experience with loan products for SME is fairly limited. These loan programs remain mostly at the pilot level. However, the design of some recent projects using microcredits for community-based service providers in some African countries (such as those of the K-Rep Bank in Kenya and Togo) shows a sustainable expansion potential. In the case of Kenya's K-Rep Bank, the Water and Sanitation Program, which facilitated the project, is already exploring a country-wide scaling up. Examples Kenya Kenya has numerous community-managed small-water enterprises. The Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) has launched an initiative to use microcredits to promote these enterprises. As part of this initiative, the commercial microfinance bank K-Rep Bank provided loans to 21 community-managed water projects. The Global Partnership on Output-based Aid (GPOBA) supported the programme by providing partial subsidies. Every project is pre-financed with a credit of up to 80 percent of the project costs (averaging ). After an independent verification process, certifying a successful completion, a part of the loan is refinanced by a 40 percent output-based aid subsidy. The remaining loan repayments have to be generated from water revenues. In addition, technical-assistance grants are provided to assist with the project development. Togo In Togo, CREPA (Centre Regional pour l'Eau Potable et L'Assainissement à Faible Côut) had encouraged the liberalisation of water services in 2001. As a consequence, six domestic microfinance institutions were preparing microcredit scheme for a shallow borehole () or rainwater-harvesting tank (). The loans were originally dedicated to households, which act as a small private provider, selling water in bulk or in buckets. However, the funds were disbursed directly to the private (drilling) companies. In the period from 2001 to 2006, roughly 1,200 water points were built and have been used for small-business activities by the households which participated in that programme. Urban services upgrading This type of credits has not been used widely. See also Water supply Sanitation References External links WaterCredit by Water.org Vietnam Women's Union Three Cities Sanitation Project in Vietnam GTZ, World Bank and IFAD:Pro-Poor Financial Services for Rural Water. Linking the Water Sector to Rural Finance, 2010 Category:Microfinance Category:Water supply Category:Sanitation

K2-138b K2-138b is a potentially rocky Super-Earth exoplanet orbiting every 2 days around a K1V star. The planet, along with the four others in the system, was found by citizen scientists of the Exoplanet Explorers project on Zooniverse. It was the final planet found in the system and was officially announced on January 8, 2018. K2-138b is the smallest planet of K2-138 with a radius of 1.57 , meaning it could be rocky. It orbits its host star every 2.35 days at a distance of 0.0338 AU. At this proximity, the planet is likely very hot and receives 486 times the stellar flux as Earth. The planet has a Mass of and a bulk density of g/cm-3, which is an earth-like density. The planet has likely a rocky core and a substantial atmospheric layer, composed of volatiles. The K2-138 system is unique for being the first exoplanet system discovered entirely by citizen scientists. The K2-138 system, including K2-138b will be studied with CHEOPS to further constrain the mass of the planets with transit-timing variation (TTV). See also List of exoplanets discovered in 2017 References Category:Transiting exoplanets Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2017 Category:Exoplanets discovered by K2 Category:Aquarius (constellation)

Christian County, Kentucky Christian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,955. Its county seat is Hopkinsville. The county was formed in 1797. Christian County is part of the Clarksville, TN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area. History The county is named for Colonel William Christian, a native of Augusta County, Virginia, and a veteran of the Revolutionary War. He settled near Louisville, Kentucky in 1785, and was killed by Native Americans in southern Indiana in 1786. Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States of America was born in Fairview, Christian County, Kentucky, in 1808. United States Vice President Adlai Stevenson I was born in Christian County in 1835. The present courthouse, built in 1869, replaced a structure burned by Confederate cavalry in 1864 because the Union Army was using it as their barracks. The United States Supreme Court case Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514 (1972), arose out of a 1958 double-murder in Christian County, Kentucky. In 2006 and 2008, tornadoes touched down across northern Christian County, damaging homes in the Crofton area. In 2017, northwestern Christian County experienced the longest duration of totality in the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 that crossed North America. The center was in the Bainbridge/Sinking Fork area of the county, on the Orchardale farm. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.9%) is water. It is the second-largest county by area in Kentucky and the largest in Western Kentucky. Adjacent counties Hopkins County (north) Muhlenberg County (northeast) Todd County (east) Montgomery County, Tennessee (southeast) Stewart County, Tennessee (southwest) Trigg County (west) Caldwell County (northwest) Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 72,265 people, 24,857 households, and 18,344 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 27,182 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 69.92% White, 23.73% Black or African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.91% Asian, 0.32% Pacific Islander, 2.23% from other races, and 2.37% from two or more races. 4.83% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. This number, however, was estimated to be around 4% for a 2006 Census Estimate, according to the United States Census Bureau. There were 24,857 households out of which 41.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.00% were married couples living together, 13.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.20% were non-families. 22.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.12. In the county, the population was spread out with 28.30% under the age of 18, 15.80% from 18 to 24, 30.10% from 25 to 44, 16.00% from 45 to 64, and 9.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.60 males. The median income for a household in the county was $31,177, and the median income for a family was $35,240. Males had a median income of $25,063 versus $20,748 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,611. About 12.10% of families and 15.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.30% of those under age 18 and 13.50% of those age 65 or over. Education High schools Christian County High School Hopkinsville High School Fort Campbell High School — physically located in Tennessee, but serving the entire Fort Campbell base, and a member of Kentucky's governing body for high school athletics, the Kentucky High School Athletic Association University Heights Academy (private K-12) Heritage Christian Academy (private K-12) Colleges Hopkinsville Community College (Website) Murray State University (regional campuses in Hopkinsville and Ft. Campbell) Politics Communities Cities Crofton Hopkinsville LaFayette Oak Grove Pembroke Census-designated places Fairview Fort Campbell North Other unincorporated communities Apex Bainbridge Bennettstown Bluff Spring Casky Edgoten Empire Fearsville Fruit Hill Garrettsburg Gracey Hensleytown Herndon Honey Grove Howel Julien Kelly Mannington Newstead Saint Elmo Sinking Fork Notable people Edgar Cayce. American Christian mystic (1877-1945) Adlai Stevenson I, 23rd Vice President of the United States (1893-1897), was born in Christian County. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Christian County, Kentucky References External links Community Data and Relocation Info Economic Development Council- Hopkinsville/Christian County Chamber of Commerce- Hopkinsville/Christian County WHVO-AM (Local Radio Station) History of Christian County Category:Kentucky counties Category:1797 establishments in Kentucky Category:Clarksville metropolitan area Category:Populated places established in 1797

Kim Chul Kim Chul (born 11 July 1980) is a South Korean field hockey player who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics. References Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:South Korean male field hockey players Category:Olympic field hockey players of South Korea Category:Field hockey players at the 2008 Summer Olympics Category:Asian Games medalists in field hockey Category:Field hockey players at the 2002 Asian Games Category:Field hockey players at the 2006 Asian Games Category:Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea Category:Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games Category:Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games

Kimstad Kimstad is a locality situated in Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 1,510 inhabitants in 2010. On 12 September 2010, Kimstad became the scene of a railway accident when an X 2000 high-speed train collided with a crane utility vehicle. Kimstad lies around 20 kilometres southwest of Norrköping. References Category:Populated places in Östergötland County Category:Populated places in Norrköping Municipality

Hamming weight The Hamming weight of a string is the number of symbols that are different from the zero-symbol of the alphabet used. It is thus equivalent to the Hamming distance from the all-zero string of the same length. For the most typical case, a string of bits, this is the number of 1's in the string, or the digit sum of the binary representation of a given number and the ℓ₁ norm of a bit vector. In this binary case, it is also called the population count, popcount, sideways sum, or bit summation. History and usage The Hamming weight is named after Richard Hamming although he did not originate the notion. The Hamming weight of binary numbers was already used in 1899 by James W. L. Glaisher to give a formula for the number of odd binomial coefficients in a single row of Pascal's triangle. Irving S. Reed introduced a concept, equivalent to Hamming weight in the binary case, in 1954. Hamming weight is used in several disciplines including information theory, coding theory, and cryptography. Examples of applications of the Hamming weight include: In modular exponentiation by squaring, the number of modular multiplications required for an exponent e is log2 e + weight(e). This is the reason that the public key value e used in RSA is typically chosen to be a number of low Hamming weight. The Hamming weight determines path lengths between nodes in Chord distributed hash tables. IrisCode lookups in biometric databases are typically implemented by calculating the Hamming distance to each stored record. In computer chess programs using a bitboard representation, the Hamming weight of a bitboard gives the number of pieces of a given type remaining in the game, or the number of squares of the board controlled by one player's pieces, and is therefore an important contributing term to the value of a position. Hamming weight can be used to efficiently compute find first set using the identity ffs(x) = pop(x ^ ~(-x)). This is useful on platforms such as SPARC that have hardware Hamming weight instructions but no hardware find first set instruction. The Hamming weight operation can be interpreted as a conversion from the unary numeral system to binary numbers. In implementation of some succinct data structures like bit vectors and wavelet trees. Efficient implementation The population count of a bitstring is often needed in cryptography and other applications. The Hamming distance of two words A and B can be calculated as the Hamming weight of A xor B. The problem of how to implement it efficiently has been widely studied. A single operation for the calculation, or parallel operations on bit vectors are available on some processors. For processors lacking those features, the best solutions known are based on adding counts in a tree pattern. For example, to count the number of 1 bits in the 16-bit binary number a = 0110 1100 1011 1010, these operations can be done: Here, the operations are as in C programming language, so means to shift X right by Y bits, X & Y means the bitwise AND of X and Y, and + is ordinary addition. The best algorithms known for this problem are based on the concept illustrated above and are given here: //types and constants used in the functions below //uint64_t is an unsigned 64-bit integer variable type (defined in C99 version of C language) const uint64_t m1 = 0x5555555555555555; //binary: 0101... const uint64_t m2 = 0x3333333333333333; //binary: 00110011.. const uint64_t m4 = 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0f; //binary: 4 zeros, 4 ones ... const uint64_t m8 = 0x00ff00ff00ff00ff; //binary: 8 zeros, 8 ones ... const uint64_t m16 = 0x0000ffff0000ffff; //binary: 16 zeros, 16 ones ... const uint64_t m32 = 0x00000000ffffffff; //binary: 32 zeros, 32 ones const uint64_t h01 = 0x0101010101010101; //the sum of 256 to the power of 0,1,2,3... //This is a naive implementation, shown for comparison, //and to help in understanding the better functions. //This algorithm uses 24 arithmetic operations (shift, add, and). int popcount64a(uint64_t x) { x = (x & m1 ) + ((x >> 1) & m1 ); //put count of each 2 bits into those 2 bits x = (x & m2 ) + ((x >> 2) & m2 ); //put count of each 4 bits into those 4 bits x = (x & m4 ) + ((x >> 4) & m4 ); //put count of each 8 bits into those 8 bits x = (x & m8 ) + ((x >> 8) & m8 ); //put count of each 16 bits into those 16 bits x = (x & m16) + ((x >> 16) & m16); //put count of each 32 bits into those 32 bits x = (x & m32) + ((x >> 32) & m32); //put count of each 64 bits into those 64 bits return x; } //This uses fewer arithmetic operations than any other known //implementation on machines with slow multiplication. //This algorithm uses 17 arithmetic operations. int popcount64b(uint64_t x) { x -= (x >> 1) & m1; //put count of each 2 bits into those 2 bits x = (x & m2) + ((x >> 2) & m2); //put count of each 4 bits into those 4 bits x = (x + (x >> 4)) & m4; //put count of each 8 bits into those 8 bits x += x >> 8; //put count of each 16 bits into their lowest 8 bits x += x >> 16; //put count of each 32 bits into their lowest 8 bits x += x >> 32; //put count of each 64 bits into their lowest 8 bits return x & 0x7f; } //This uses fewer arithmetic operations than any other known //implementation on machines with fast multiplication. //This algorithm uses 12 arithmetic operations, one of which is a multiply. int popcount64c(uint64_t x) { x -= (x >> 1) & m1; //put count of each 2 bits into those 2 bits x = (x & m2) + ((x >> 2) & m2); //put count of each 4 bits into those 4 bits x = (x + (x >> 4)) & m4; //put count of each 8 bits into those 8 bits return (x * h01) >> 56; //returns left 8 bits of x + (x<<8) + (x<<16) + (x<<24) + ... } The above implementations have the best worst-case behavior of any known algorithm. However, when a value is expected to have few nonzero bits, it may instead be more efficient to use algorithms that count these bits one at a time. As Wegner described in 1960, the bitwise AND of x with x − 1 differs from x only in zeroing out the least significant nonzero bit: subtracting 1 changes the rightmost string of 0s to 1s, and changes the rightmost 1 to a 0. If x originally had n bits that were 1, then after only n iterations of this operation, x will be reduced to zero. The following implementation is based on this principle. //This is better when most bits in x are 0 //This is algorithm works the same for all data sizes. //This algorithm uses 3 arithmetic operations and 1 comparison/branch per "1" bit in x. int popcount64d(uint64_t x) { int count; for (count=0; x; count++) x &= x - 1; return count; } If a greater memory usage is allowed, we can calculate the Hamming weight faster than the above methods. With unlimited memory, we could simply create a large lookup table of the Hamming weight of every 64 bit integer. If we can store a lookup table of the hamming function of every 16 bit integer, we can do the following to compute the Hamming weight of every 32 bit integer. static uint16_t wordbits[65536] = { /* bitcounts of integers 0 through 65535, inclusive */ }; //This algorithm uses 3 arithmetic operations and 2 memory reads. int popcount32e(uint32_t x) { return wordbits[x & 0xFFFF] + wordbits[x >> 16]; } //Optionally, the wordbits[] table could be filled using this function int popcount32e_init(void) { uint32_t i; uint16_t x; int count; for (i=0; i <= 0xFFFF; i++) { x = i; for (count=0; x; count++) // borrowed from popcount64d() above x &= x - 1; wordbits[i] = count; } } Muła et al. have shown that a vectorized version of popcount64b can run faster than dedicated instructions (e.g., popcnt on x64 processors). Language support Some C compilers provide intrinsic functions that provide bit counting facilities. For example, GCC (since version 3.4 in April 2004) includes a builtin function __builtin_popcount that will use a processor instruction if available or an efficient library implementation otherwise. LLVM-GCC has included this function since version 1.5 in June 2005. In C++ STL, the bit-array data structure bitset has a count() method that counts the number of bits that are set. In Java, the growable bit-array data structure has a method that counts the number of bits that are set. In addition, there are and functions to count bits in primitive 32-bit and 64-bit integers, respectively. Also, the arbitrary-precision integer class also has a method that counts bits. In Common Lisp, the function logcount, given a non-negative integer, returns the number of 1 bits. (For negative integers it returns the number of 0 bits in 2's complement notation.) In either case the integer can be a BIGNUM. Starting in GHC 7.4, the Haskell base package has a popCount function available on all types that are instances of the Bits class (available from the Data.Bits module). MySQL version of SQL language provides BIT_COUNT() as a standard function. Fortran 2008 has the standard, intrinsic, elemental function popcnt returning the number of nonzero bits within an integer (or integer array). Some programmable scientific pocket calculators feature special commands to calculate the number of set bits, e.g. #B on the HP-16C and WP 43S, #BITS or BITSUM on HP-16C emulators, and nBITS on the WP 34S. FreePascal implements popcnt since version 3.0. Processor support The IBM STRETCH computer in the 1960s calculated the number of set bits as well as the number of leading zeros as a by-product of all logical operations. Cray supercomputers early on featured a population count machine instruction, rumoured to have been specifically requested by the U.S. government National Security Agency for cryptanalysis applications. Some of Control Data Corporation's (CDC) Cyber 70/170 series machines included a population count instruction; in COMPASS, this instruction was coded as CXi. The 64-bit SPARC version 9 architecture defines a POPC instruction, but most implementations do not implement it, requiring it be emulated by the operating system. Donald Knuth's model computer MMIX that is going to replace MIX in his book The Art of Computer Programming has an SADD instruction since 1999. SADD a,b,c counts all bits that are 1 in b and 0 in c and writes the result to a. Compaq's Alpha 21264A, released in 1999, was the first Alpha series CPU design that had the count extension (CIX). Analog Devices' Blackfin processors feature the ONES instruction to perform a 32-bit population count. AMD's Barcelona architecture introduced the advanced bit manipulation (ABM) ISA introducing the POPCNT instruction as part of the SSE4a extensions in 2007. Intel Core processors introduced a POPCNT instruction with the SSE4.2 instruction set extension, first available in a Nehalem-based Core i7 processor, released in November 2008. The ARM architecture introduced the VCNT instruction as part of the Advanced SIMD (NEON) extensions. The RISC-V architecture introduced the PCNT instruction as part of the Bit Manipulation (B) extension. See also Minimum weight Two's complement Most frequent k characters Fan out References Further reading (Item 169: Population count assembly code for the PDP/6-10.) External links Aggregate Magic Algorithms. Optimized population count and other algorithms explained with sample code. Bit Twiddling Hacks Several algorithms with code for counting bits set. Necessary and Sufficient - by Damien Wintour - Has code in C# for various Hamming Weight implementations. Best algorithm to count the number of set bits in a 32-bit integer? - Stackoverflow Category:Coding theory Category:Articles with example C code

2006 Manx Grand Prix The 2006 Manx Grand Prix motorcycle races for amateur competitors took place from 28 August to 1 September over the Snaefell Mountain Course. The English rider Craig Atkinson won both the Junior and Senior Grand Prix races. Newcomers Race A Monday 28 August 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Two-stroke motorcycles exceeding 250 cc and not exceeding 750 cc. Four-stroke motorcycles exceeding 400 cc and not exceeding 750 cc. Twin/three-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 600 cc and not exceeding 1000 cc. Newcomers Race C Monday 28 August 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Two-stroke motorcycles exceeding 125 cc and 6 gears. Four-stroke motorcycles exceeding 250 cc and not exceeding 400 cc. Senior Classic Race Monday 28 August 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) For motorcycles exceeding 350 cc and not exceeding 500 cc. Junior Classic Race Wednesday 30 August 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Class A for motorcycles exceeding 300 cc and not exceeding 350 cc. Lightweight Classic Race Wednesday 30 August 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Class B for motorcycles exceeding 175 cc and not exceeding 250 cc. Junior Manx Grand Prix Wednesday 30 August 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Two-stroke motorcycles exceeding 200 cc and not exceeding 350 cc. Four-stroke four-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 450 cc and not exceeding 600 cc. Four-stroke twin-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 600 cc and not exceeding 750 cc. Lightweight Manx Grand Prix Friday 1 September 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Senior Manx Grand Prix Friday 1 September 2006 – Mountain Course (4 laps – 150.92 miles) Four-stroke four-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 450 cc and not exceeding 750 cc. Four-stroke twin-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 600 cc and not exceeding 1000 cc. Sources External links Detailed race results Mountain Course map #2006 Manx Manx Manx

2005 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone The Europe/Africa Zone was one of three zones of regional competition in the 2005 Fed Cup. Group I Venue: Club Ali Bey, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey (outdoor clay) Dates: 20–23 April The sixteen teams were divided into four pools of four teams. The top teams of each pool played-off against each other to decide which two nations progress to World Group II Play-offs. The four nations coming last played-off against each other to decide which teams are relegated to Group II for 2006. Pools Play-offs and advanced to World Group II Play-offs. and were relegated to Zonal Group II for 2006. Group II Venue: Club Ali Bey, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey (outdoor hard) Dates: 27–30 April The eight teams were divided into two pools of four teams. The top two teams of each pool played-off against each other to decide which two nations progress to Group I for 2006. The four nations coming last played-off against each other to decide which teams are relegated to Group III for the next year. Pools Play-offs and advanced to Group I for 2006. and was relegated to Group III for 2006. Group III Venue: Club Ali Bey, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey (outdoor hard) Dates: 27–30 April The twelve teams were divided into four pools of three teams. The top team of each pool played-off against each other to decide which two nations progress to Group II for 2006. Pools Play-offs and advanced to Group II for 2006. See also Fed Cup structure References Fed Cup Profile, Bulgaria Fed Cup Profile, South Africa Fed Cup Profile, Hungary Fed Cup Profile, Sweden Fed Cup Profile, Luxembourg Fed Cup Profile, Poland Fed Cup Profile, Slovenia Fed Cup Profile, Denmark Fed Cup Profile, Great Britain Fed Cup Profile, Israel Fed Cup Profile, Ukraine Fed Cup Profile, Romania Fed Cup Profile, Finland Fed Cup Profile, Lithuania Fed Cup Profile, Georgia Fed Cup Profile, Latvia Fed Cup Profile, Ireland Fed Cup Profile, Turkey Fed Cup Profile, Egypt Fed Cup Profile, Botswana Fed Cup Profile, Iceland Fed Cup Profile, Bosnia and Herzegovina Fed Cup Profile, Namibia Fed Cup Profile, Moldova Fed Cup Profile, Kenya External links Fed Cup website Europe Africa Category:Sport in Antalya Category:21st century in Antalya Category:Tennis tournaments in Turkey Category:2005 in Turkish sport

Royal Victoria DLR station Royal Victoria Station is on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in Canning Town, east London. It opened on 28 March 1994 and is named after the nearby Royal Victoria Dock. It is on the DLR's Beckton branch, in Travelcard Zone 3. National Rail's North London Line ran parallel with the DLR between Canning Town and Custom House stations until the Stratford to North Woolwich section closed on 9 December 2006. Its tracks passed close by the DLR platforms, but there were no North London Line platforms. However, this station is near the former Tidal Basin station on the Eastern Counties and Thames Junction Railway. During 2009, as part of the Canning Town DLR flyover and the new DLR line from Canning Town to Stratford, an engineers' siding was added to the Victoria Dock Road side of the station. On 1 June 2009 the Beckton branch was diverted onto the new flyover, which crossed the Woolwich branch and the branch to Stratford International. The flyover was constructed as part of the 3-Car Capacity Enhancement Project to serve Canning Town high-level DLR station. (See main article Docklands Light Railway extension to Stratford International.) It is 330 metres long, and is formed from a number of different structures connected by a continuous reinforced concrete deck cast in situ. In addition, it allows DLR services from Canning Town towards Woolwich and Beckton to depart from any eastbound DLR platform. Connections London Buses routes 147 and 241 and night route N551 serve the station. References External links Docklands Light Railway website - Royal Victoria station page Category:Docklands Light Railway stations in the London Borough of Newham Category:Railway stations opened in 1994 Station

Solomon Robert Dresser Solomon Robert Dresser (February 1, 1842 – January 21, 1911) was an inventor and a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Solomon R. Dresser was born in Litchfield, Michigan. He attended the common schools and Hillsdale College. He engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1865. He became an inventor of oil and gas well equipment, and moved to Pennsylvania in 1872 to work in the production of oil and gas. He was the founder and president of the S.R. Dresser Manufacturing Co. Dresser was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1906. He resumed former business pursuits and died in Bradford, Pennsylvania in 1911; he was originally interred in Oak Hill Cemetery, but his son (unhappy with the maintenance of the cemetery) had the 20 foot obelisk and the families graves moved to Willowdale Cemetery. Sources The Political Graveyard Category:1842 births Category:1911 deaths Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania Category:American inventors Category:People from Litchfield, Michigan Category:People from Bradford, Pennsylvania Category:Hillsdale College alumni Category:Pennsylvania Republicans Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives Category:19th-century American politicians

Super Sabre (comics) Super Sabre (Martin Fletcher) is a fictional character, a mutant appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His first appearance was in Uncanny X-Men #215. Fictional character biography Martin Fletcher was born in Massachusetts. During World War II, as Super Sabre he fought against the Axis powers which dominated Europe. He fought alongside three other heroes during this time: Stonewall, Crimson Commando, and Yankee Clipper. Following the war Super Sabre along with the Commando and Stonewall continued to fight crime. They even hoped to join the Human Torch in fighting communists, but government officials were concerned that the over enthusiastic heroes would cause a real war. The government requested that the trio retired, which they reluctantly did. Fletcher, Crimson Commando, and Stonewall returned to America. When they arrived home they were disturbed by the criminal acts of people who thought they were "above the law". Finally deciding to do something they came out of retirement and would kidnap criminals and hunt them for sport as vigilantes. Years later, while operating out of Adirondack State Park in New York state, they accidentally captured Storm and realized that she was not a criminal. Faced with this dilemma they decided to hunt down Storm in order to keep their whereabouts a secret. Storm was also captured with another prisoner, drug dealer Priscilla Morrison, their actual target. Chasing down Morrison and Storm, Super Sabre was almost decapitated by a trap Storm had set, which buried him in an avalanche. Later, Morrison betrayed Storm, but before she could kill Storm the Commando was able to kill her. Storm and the Commando then fought in combat, which she won. After she won she demanded that Commando and Stonewall turn themselves in. Distraught because they thought Super Sabre was dead, they complied and turned themselves in. Months later Valerie Cooper arranged for the release of the Commando and Stonewall if they joined Freedom Force. They reluctantly agreed. Super Sabre publicly reappeared, alive, and also offered to join the Freedom Force. The trio was pardoned for their past crimes and became special operatives for the federal government of the United States. Alongside Freedom Force, Super Sabre battled the X-Men in Dallas at first, but then battled cavemen transported to Dallas by time-waves created by the cosmic entity known as the Adversary. They witnessed the televised deaths of the X-Men, and Forge's return to Dallas. Freedom Force's attempts to enforce the government policy, the Mutant Registration Act, later led to a battle with the New Mutants in Dallas, and with Cyclops and Marvel Girl of X-Factor in which Marvel Girl defeated Super Sabre. They later attempted to apprehend Rusty Collins, but were thwarted by Skids. Following a mission to Muir Island which resulted in Stonewall's death at the hands of the Reavers. Later during a Freedom Force mission which capture Cable, who had escaped from federal custody, Super Sabre was almost decapitated again. During an unknown period of time Super Sabre was seen alongside other speedsters such as Quicksilver, Whizzer, Speed Demon, Black Racer, Makkari, and the female Captain Marvel. The Runner pitted them against each other to find out who is the fastest being on Earth. The Commando then led a Freedom Force mission to Kuwait City to rescue or kill physicist Reinhold Kurtzmann, which led to a fight with the Middle Eastern mercenaries called Desert Sword. Super Sabre was decapitated by the "cutting wind" of Aminedi, and the mission ended with Commando crippled. Following this disaster, Freedom Force was disbanded. Years later Wolverine visited the afterlife and was attacked by several of his dead foes, among them Stonewall, Pyro, and Super Sabre. Wolverine began to fight the dead villains until Colossus appeared to help Wolverine defeat them. A young recruit of Mystique's later incarnation of the Brotherhood of Mutants took the code name Sabre, in honor of the late Super Sabre. This Sabre has somewhat similar mutant abilities as the original. Super Sabre is resurrected by means of the Transmode Virus to serve as part of Selene's army of deceased mutants. Under the control of Selene and Eli Bard, he takes part in the assault on the mutant nation of Utopia. Powers and abilities Super Sabre was a mutant who had the power to run at tremendous speeds. Even at an advanced age, he was capable of approaching the speed of sound. He could move his hands at sonic speeds to produce a shockwave capable of knocking a person over, and could create a "micro-sonic boom" by snapping his fingers at supersonic speeds. Super Sabre also had superhuman stamina and reflexes. He could create a wall of air pressure by moving his arms at superhuman speed, and could run up walls and across water. Super Sabre's metabolism required air, food, and water; deprivation of any of these would diminish his speed and endurance. His physical abilities weakened with age but much less so than a normal human being of his advanced age. Super Sabre wore a costume of synthetic stretch fabric treated to be highly resistant to damage from friction heat and other hazards of moving at superhuman speed. References External links http://www.marvel.com/universe/Super_Sabre Category:Characters created by Chris Claremont Category:Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds Category:Marvel Comics mutants Category:Marvel Comics supervillains

Chetwood Chetwood is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: William Chetwood, American politician William Rufus Chetwood, English publisher See also Chetwood Creek, a river in California, United States

Nymphula terranea Nymphula terranea is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Rothschild in 1915. It is found in New Guinea. References Category:Acentropinae Category:Moths described in 1915

My Lovely Sam Soon My Lovely Sam-soon (; lit. My Name Is Kim Sam-soon) is a South Korean television series based on the internet novel of the same title by Ji Soo-hyun, which was published on March 9, 2004. Touted as the Korean version of Bridget Jones's Diary, it starred Kim Sun-a (who gained 15 pounds for the role), Hyun Bin, Jung Ryeo-won and Daniel Henney. The series aired on MBC from June 1 to July 21, 2005 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes. "Sam-soon" is an old-fashioned name in Korean culture. It is translated as "3rd daughter" (sam (삼) is three, soon (순) is meek or feminine). The romantic comedy-drama series was a huge hit, with an average viewership rating of 37.6%, and its peak rating of 49.1% (for the finale) makes it one of the highest rated Korean drama of all time. It also won numerous awards, including the Baeksang Arts Awards Grand Prize for TV, and the Grand Prize at the MBC Drama Awards for Kim Sun-ah Synopsis Kim Sam-soon (Kim Sun-a) is loud and brash, yet insecure about her weight. She has always been embarrassed by her old-fashioned first name, and nearing her 30th birthday, she dreams of changing it. She is an excellent baker with a fervent passion for making desserts. On Christmas Eve, Sam-soon gets dumped by her cheating boyfriend (Lee Kyu-han) and loses her job. One of the witnesses to her public humiliation is Hyun Jin-heon (Hyun Bin), the owner of upscale French restaurant Bon Appetit. Upon recognizing her talent, Jin-heon hires her as Bon Appetit's new pastry chef. From their first meeting, the two have an antagonistic relationship (she calls him the equally old-fashioned "Sam-shik"), and sparks fly. Jin-heon is the son of a wealthy hotelier (Na Moon-hee), and his mother constantly nags him about succeeding her in the hotel business. She also keeps setting him up on matchmaking dates, saying his niece Mi-joo (Seo Ji-hee), who hasn't spoken a word since the childhood trauma of her parents' deaths, needs a mother figure. When Sam-soon finds herself in need of (approximately ) to prevent the foreclosure of her mother's house, Jin-heon proposes a deal: in exchange for the money, she agrees to become his pretend girlfriend. They draw up a complicated contract, of which the most important stipulation is that they should never fall in love for real. But as they spend more time together, Sam-soon and Jin-heon grow closer and gradually fall for each other. But just when things are going well, Jin-heon's ex-girlfriend Yoo Hee-jin (Jung Ryeo-won) returns from the United States. Hee-jin had suddenly left Korea years ago, right after a car accident that had killed Jin-heon's older brother, his sister-in-law and a motorcyclist, and left Jin-heon (who was driving) seriously injured. Though Jin-heon's leg eventually recovered, emotional scars remained, a mixture of sorrow, guilt, and anger at Hee-jin's abandonment. But what he didn't know was that Hee-jin had been diagnosed at the time with stomach cancer, and she'd broken up with him because she didn't want to add to the tragedy he was already experiencing. Now in remission, she returns to Korea to ask for a second chance, followed by her Korean-American doctor Henry Kim (Daniel Henney), who is in love with Hee-jin and eager to learn his roots. Upon learning the truth, Jin-heon reconciles with Hee-jin. Broken-hearted, Sam-soon resigns from Bon Appetit, and she and her older sister Yi-young (Lee Ah-hyun) decide to open an online pastry business using Yi-young's settlement from her recent divorce. Meanwhile, Jin-heon can't stop thinking about Sam-soon and realizes that he wants to be with her. After several run-ins in which he sabotages her blind date and immaturely invents reasons to see her, he finally confesses his love for Sam-soon. After a difficult break-up with Hee-jin, Jin-heon proves to Sam-soon's mother and sister that he's serious about her and the couple begin dating happily. Then Hee-jin asks a final favor of Jin-heon, to accompany her back to the U.S. to rejoin her parents there. Sam-soon is initially resistant, but later gives her blessing when Jin-heon reassures her that this journey will be a form of closure for him and Hee-jin. He promises to return after one week. Sam-soon goes once again to the city clerk's office to have her name changed, but finally believing that her name is special and an important part of her identity, changes her mind at the last minute and tears up the papers. Two months pass, with no calls or letters from Jin-heon, and Sam-soon has given up on him and gone on with her life. When Jin-heon eventually returns to Korea, she gives him the cold shoulder. But the misunderstanding is cleared up when two-months-worth of postcards gets delivered to Sam-soon's house; as they had been sent to the wrong address all this time. Jin-heon had spent the two months traveling and inspecting hotels all over America; in his desire to be a man worthy of Sam-soon, he is finally ready to take up the reins as his mother's heir. Whatever obstacles come their way (including his mother's continuing benign disapproval of their relationship), Sam-soon and Jin-heon decide to face the future together, doing their best at work and love, and living life to the fullest. Cast Main characters Kim Sun-a as Kim Sam-soon – 30-year-old pastry chef Hyun Bin as Hyun Jin-heon – 27-year-old owner of Bon Appetit restaurant Jung Ryeo-won as Yoo Hee-jin – Jin-heon's ex-girlfriend Daniel Henney as Dr. Henry Kim – Hee-jin's doctor Supporting characters Kim Ja-ok as Park Bong-sook – Sam-soon's mother Lee Ah-hyun as Kim Yi-young – Sam-soon's sister Na Moon-hee as Na Hyun-sook – Jin-heon's mother Seo Ji-hee as Hyun Mi-joo – Jin-heon's niece Yoon Ye-hee as Yoon Hyun-sook – CEO Na's assistant Lee Kyu-han as Min Hyun-woo – Sam-soon's ex-boyfriend Lee Yoon-mi as Jang Chae-ri Won Jong-rye as Chae-ri's mother Maeng Bong-hak as Sam-soon's father Kim Sung-kyum as Jin-heon's uncle Restaurant staff Yeo Woon-kay as Ms. Oh – manager Kwon Hae-hyo as Lee Hyun-moo – chef Han Yeo-woon as Lee In-hye – Sam-soon's assistant Kim Hyun-jung as Jang Young-ja – dining room captain Kim Ki-bang as Ki-bang – kitchen assistant Reception Some critics believe its huge success was due to the show's focus on the life of a single woman in her late twenties. Particularly, the heroine's chubby physical appearance and frank, flawed yet lovable personality broke long-held Korean drama stereotypes, greatly increasing its popularity due to its resonance with many Koreans. Ratings In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings. Soundtrack The My Lovely Sam-soon soundtrack was released on June 18, 2005. Korean electronica band Clazziquai contributed two songs to the soundtrack: "Be My Love" and "She Is", the former of which became the show's theme song. The show's popularity brought the group increased media and public attention. Awards and nominations International broadcast The series first aired in Japan on cable channel KNTV from August 15 to October 4, 2005. Reruns followed on satellite channel WOWOW beginning July 6, 2006 on Thursdays at 8 p.m., on the Fuji TV network as part of its Hallyu Alpha programming block beginning February 1, 2010, and on cable channel DATV. It first aired in the Philippines on the GMA Network from February to April 2006, during which it received a peak viewership rating of 40.2% and an average viewership rating of 34.9%, placing it among the top ten highest rated Asian dramas to air in the country. It was rebroadcast on GMA Network in 2009 and again in 2015. In Thailand first aired on ITV beginning September 23, 2006, with reruns on Channel 7 from August 11 to September 16, 2008. In Sri Lanka, it began airing on Rupavahini dubbed in Sinhalese under the name Hithata Horen in September 2018. Stage adaptation A stage adaptation (which was based more on the original novel than the TV series) ran at the Sangmyung Art Hall in Seoul from January 21 to September 25, 2011. Remake A 2008 Philippine remake titled Ako si Kim Samsoon starred Regine Velasquez and Mark Anthony Fernandez. References External links My Name Is Kim Sam-soon official MBC website My Lovely Sam-soon at MBC Global Media My Lovely Sam-soon at Korea Tourism Organization Category:Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation television dramas Category:2005 South Korean television series debuts Category:2005 South Korean television series endings Category:Korean-language television programs Category:2000s South Korean television series Category:South Korean romantic comedy television series Category:Television programs based on South Korean novels

Do Paise Ki Dhoop, Chaar Aane Ki Baarish Do Paise Ki Dhoop, Chaar Aane Ki Baarish is an Indian art film written, and directed by Deepti Naval, starring Manisha Koirala, Rajit Kapur and Naval’s nephew, newcomer, Sanaj Naval in the lead roles. Cast Manisha Koirala as Juhi Rajit Kapur as Debu Sanaj Naval as Kaku Milind Soman Plot In this art film, Juhi is an aging prostitute whose son Kaku is wheelchair-bound. She finds it challenging to take care of him with the limited number of customers that now find her attractive. Debu, a not-so-successful lyricist, is dumped by his boyfriend, and is out on streets. These characters, in need of money and love, bump into each other, after which their lives take a similar direction. Their relationships, born out of mutual needs, change their perceptions about each other, which in turn brings a change in them -- finally, a sunny day after days of merciless downpour. Production There are many sequences in this movie which are shot in the rain, during the Bombay monsoons, with Kiran Deohans of Jodha Akbar fame taking charge as the cinematographer. The music score is by Sandesh Shandilya, except the title song, which was done by Gulzar. The screenplay was written by Deepti Naval in three months. Critical reception This art film premiered at the market section of 2009 Cannes Film Festival, and got a positive response. This movie is Manisha Koirala's comeback movie, in a very sensitive role, said to be inspired by a real story. The film was screened at the 2010 edition of Chicago South Asian Film Festival. Gapers Block gave a moderate rating, calling the plot unoriginal, comparing it to an "elongated episode of Will & Grace". The representation of Debu, who is semi-closeted, was also criticised, for its stereotyped gay characteristics. while ImagineIndia was of the opinion that,"...characters do not appear stereotypical, but a modern, sensitive and realistic portrait of people struggling to find happiness, with the ebbs and tides of human relationships" The film was screened in the competition section of ImagineIndia film festival (2010). The movie was slated to release commercially on 8 March 2012 in India but was postponed. It has been released on Netflix in September 2019. A review in The Citizen called the film "niche" while praising the performances of three principal characters stating, "But the cream and the cake go to the three actors". Accolades 2009-Best Feature Film -The Indian Film Festival of Houston 2010-Best Screenplay - The New York Indian Film Festival (MIAAC) 2010-Best Actor - Rajit Kapoor at ImagineIndia film festival (2010) Official Selection Special Screening venue Cannes Film Festival, 2009 The Indian Film Festival of Houston, 2009 Chicago South Asian Film Festival, 2010 (Opening film) The New York Indian Film Festival (MIAAC), 2010 ImagineIndia Film Festival, Spain 2010 Seattle South Asian Film Festival, 2011 (Opening film) India International Film Festival, Tampa Bay, USA, 2012 First Annual Washington DC South Asian Film Festival, 2012 References External links Official website Facebook page Category:2009 direct-to-video films Category:2000s Hindi-language films Category:Gay-related_films Category:Indian films Category:Indian LGBT-related films Category:Directorial debut films Category:Indian direct-to-video films

Aleksei Tikhonkikh Aleksei Tikhonkikh may refer to: Aleksei Tikhonkikh (gymnast), Soviet gymnast in 1985 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships Aleksei Vladimirovich Tikhonkikh (b. 1977), Russian footballer

Driving Driving is the controlled operation and movement of a motor vehicle, including cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. Permission to drive on public highways is granted based on a set of conditions being met and drivers are required to follow the established road and traffic laws in the location they are driving. Etymology The origin of the term driver, as recorded from the 15th century, refers to the occupation of driving working animals, especially pack horses or draft horses. The verb ' to drive ' in origin means "to force to move, to impel by physical force". It is first recorded of electric railway drivers in 1889 and of a motor-car driver in 1896. Early alternatives were motorneer, motor-man, motor-driver or motorist. French favors "conducteur" (the English equivalent, "conductor", being used —from the 1830s— not of the driver but of the person in charge of passengers and collecting fares), while German influenced areas adopted Fahrer (used of coach-drivers in the 18th century, but shortened about 1900 from the compound Kraftwagenfahrer), and the verbs führen, lenken, steuern —all with a meaning "steer, guide, navigate"— translating to conduire. Introduction of the automobile The world's first long-distance road trip by automobile was in August 1888 when Bertha Benz, wife of Benz Patent-Motorwagen inventor Karl Benz, drove Mannheim to Pforzheim, Germany, and returned, in the third experimental Benz motor car, which had a maximum speed of , with her two teenage sons Richard and Eugen but without the consent and knowledge of her husband. She had said she wanted to visit her mother, but also intended to generate publicity for her husband's invention, which had only been taken on short test drives before. In 1899, F. O. Stanley and his wife, Flora, drove their Stanley Steamer automobile, sometimes called a locomobile, to the summit of Mount Washington in New Hampshire in the United States to generate publicity for their automobile. The journey took over two hours (not counting time to add more water); the descent was accomplished by putting the engine in low gear and doing lots of braking. Driving skills Driving in traffic is more than just knowing how to operate the mechanisms which control the vehicle; it requires knowing how to apply the rules of the road (which ensures safe and efficient sharing with other users). An effective driver also has an intuitive understanding of the basics of vehicle handling and can drive responsibly. Although direct operation of a bicycle and a mounted animal are commonly referred to as riding, such operators are legally considered drivers and are required to obey the rules of the road. Driving over a long distance is referred to as a road trip. In some countries, a basic both practical and theoretical knowledge of the rules of the road is assessed with a driving test(s) and those who pass are issued with a driving license. Physical skill A driver must have physical skills to be able to control direction, acceleration, and deceleration. For motor vehicles, the detailed tasks include: Proper hand placement and seating position Starting the vehicle's engine with the starting system Setting the transmission to the correct gear Depressing the pedals with one's feet to accelerate, slow and stop the vehicle and If the vehicle is equipped with a manual transmission, to modulate the clutch Steering the vehicle's direction with the steering wheel Applying brake pressure to slow or stop the vehicle Operating other important ancillary devices such as the indicators, headlights, parking brake and windshield wipers Speed and Skid control Mental skill Avoiding or successfully handling an emergency driving situation can involve the following skills: Observing the environment for road signs, driving conditions, and hazards Awareness of surroundings, especially in heavy and city traffic Making good and quick decisions based on factors such as road and traffic conditions Evasive maneuvering Understanding vehicle dynamics Left- and right-hand traffic Distractions can compromise a driver's mental skills. One study on the subject of mobile phones and driving safety concluded that, after controlling for driving difficulty and time on task, drivers talking on a phone exhibited greater impairment than drivers who were suffering from alcohol intoxication. In The US "During daylight hours, approximately 481,000 drivers are using cell phones while driving according to the publication on the National Highway Traffic Safety Association.Another survey indicated that music could adversely affect a driver's concentration." Seizure disorders and Alzheimer's disease are among the leading medical causes of mental impairment among drivers in the United States and Europe. Whether or not physicians should be allowed, or even required, to report such conditions to state authorities, remains highly controversial. Safety Safety issues in driving include: Driving in poor road conditions and low visibility Texting while driving Speeding Drug–impaired driving and driving under the influence Distracted driving Sleep-deprived driving Reckless driving and street racing Driveability Driveability of a vehicle means the smooth delivery of power, as demanded by the driver. Typical causes of driveability degradation are rough idling, misfiring, surging, hesitation, or insufficient power. Driving laws A driver is subject to the laws of the jurisdiction in which he or she is driving. The rules of the road, driver licensing and vehicle registration schemes vary considerably between jurisdictions, as do laws imposing criminal responsibility for negligent driving, vehicle safety inspections and compulsory insurance. Most countries also have differing laws against driving while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs. Aggressive driving and road rage have become problems for drivers in some areas. Some countries require a vision screening test for individuals to acquire or renew a driver's license. A 2010 systematic review found insufficient evidence to assess the effects of vision screening tests on subsequent motor vehicle crash reduction. The review concluded that there is a need to develop valid and reliable tools of vision screening that can predict driving performance. Motorists are almost universally required to take lessons with an approved instructor and to pass a driving test before being granted a license. Almost all countries allow all adults with good vision and health to apply to take a driving test and, if successful, to drive on public roads. In many countries, even after passing one's driving test, new motorists are initially subject to special restrictions. For example, in Australia, novice drivers are required to carry "P" ("provisional") plates, in New Zealand it is called restricted (R); both are subject to alcohol limits and other restrictions for the first two years of driving. Many U.S. states now issue graduated drivers' licenses to novice minors. Typically, newly licensed minors may not drive or operate a motorized vehicle at night or with a passenger other than family members. The duration of the restriction varies from six months to until the driver is 18 years old. This is due to the mental aptitude of a young or inexperienced driver not being fully developed. A few countries banned women driving in the past. In Oman, women were not allowed to drive until 1970. In Saudi Arabia, women were not issued driving licenses until 2018. Saudi women had periodically staged driving protests against these restrictions and in September 2017, the Saudi government agreed to lift the ban, which went into effect in June 2018. References Further reading External links Category:Youth rights Category:Land transport Category:Vehicle operation

Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun Olayinka Olusola Omigbodun is the first Nigerian female professor of psychiatry. She is Professor, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Early life and education Olayinka is daughter of late Lt. Col Victor Banjo. She began a career in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and mental health in 1986 at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. She had further residency training in General Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Lancaster Moor Hospital, Lancaster also at the Queen’s Park Hospital, Blackburn, in the United Kingdom. She also had training in Family Therapy at the Department of Family Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia and was also a visiting scholar at the University of Pennsylvania's Bipolar Research Unit. She studied at the Nuffield Institute for Health, University of Leeds where she had her Masters in Public Health in 1999. Through the University of Ibadan MacArthur Foundation-funded Staff Development Programme. She further her studies in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Greenwood Institute for Child Health, University of Leicester, UK in 2004. Employments and positions She is a Professor at the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria She is also a Consultant and Head of Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Publications (articles and journals) Olayinka has written numerous articles for both local and international journals. Some of which are: Omigbodun O.O., Gureje O., Gater R., Ikuesan B. A., Adebayo E. (1996) Psychiatric Morbidity in a Nigerian Paediatric Primary Care Service: A Comparison of Two Screening Instruments. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Vol 31, No 3/4, 186-193 Omigbodun, O.O., Adebayo, E. and Gureje, O. (1999) Detection of Childhood Mental Health Problems by Doctors working in a Primary Care Service. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, Vol 6, 1, 1-4. Omigbodun O.O. (2001) A cost effective model for increasing access to mental health care at the primary care level in Nigeria. The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics Vol 4, No 3, 133-139 Omigbodun O.O. (2003) Mental health services for children in Nigeria. Where should the focus be? Archives of Ibadan Medicine, Vol 4. No 1, 12 Omigbodun O.O, Gureje O. (2004) Factor Analysis of the Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire (Rutter Scale A2) in a Nigerian Paediatric Primary Care Population. South African Journal of Psychiatry Vol 10. No 1, 17-20 Omigbodun O.O., Bella T T (2004) Obstetric risk factors and subsequent mental health problems in a child and adolescent clinic population in Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol 21. No 1: 15-20 Omigbodun O. O..(2004) Psychosocial issues in a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic population in Nigeria. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology Vol 39 No 8, 667-72 Omigbodun O. O., Omigbodun A. O. (2004) Unmet need for sexuality education among adolescent girls in Southwest Nigeria: A qualitative analysis. African Journal of Reproductive Health.Vol 8. No 3, 27-37 Omigbodun O. O., Onibokun A.,.Yusuf O B,. Odukogbe AA, Omigbodun A O. (2004) Stressors and counseling needs of undergraduate nurses in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Nursing Education. Vol 43. No 9, 412-5 Omigbodun O. O., Babalola O.(2004) Psychosocial dynamics of psychoactive substance misuse among Nigerian adolescents. Annals of African Medicine Vol 3. No 3, 111-115 Omigbodun AO, Omigbodun OO. (2004) Medical Audit: A veritable tool for improving standards in clinical practice. Annals of African Medicine, 3 (3):146-149 Omigbodun OO (2006) Psychosocial attributes of orphaned youths in Ibadan Metropolis: Implications for reproductive health Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol 23. No 1: 54-62 Omigbodun O.O., Odukogbe A.A., Omigbodun A.O., Yusuf O.B., Bella T.T., Olayemi O. (2006) Stressors and Psychological Symptoms in Students of Medicine and Allied Health Professions in Nigeria. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40:1-7 Omigbodun O., Bella T., Dogra N., Simoyan O., (2007) Training Health Professionals for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 12 (3): 132-135. Obindo J. T,. Omigbodun OO., (2007) The validation of Edinburgh Postpartum Depressions Scale (EPDS) in North Central Nigeria. Journal of Medicine in the Tropics. Vol 9 (2): 29-40 References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Nigerian psychiatrists Category:University of Ibadan faculty Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds

Lu Yi (Tang dynasty) Lu Yi (陸扆) (847 – July 5, 905), né Lu Yundi (陸允迪), courtesy name Xiangwen (祥文), formally the Duke of Wu Commandery (吳郡公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor for two terms during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. Background Lu Yi was born in 847, during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong; he was originally named Lu Yundi, and it is not known when his name was changed to Lu Yi. His family was originally from the former Wu Commandery (around modern Suzhou, Jiangsu) but had, by Lu Yi's time, relocated to Shan Prefecture (陝州, in modern Sanmenxia, Henan). His family claimed ancestry from the ruling house of Tian of the Warring States period state Qi, but his traceable ancestry only went back to his great-great-grandfather, the Tang Dynasty official Lu Qiwang (陸齊望). (Through Lu Qiwang, Lu Yi was related to an earlier chancellor, Lu Zhi, who was a grandson of Lu Qiwang's and who was chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong's great-grandfather Emperor Dezong.) Lu Yi's grandfather Lu Shide (陸師德) was an imperial censor, while his father Lu Shan (陸墠) was a secretary for a prefectural prefect. Early career Lu Yi passed the imperial examinations in the Jinshi (進士) class in 886, during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong's grandson Emperor Xizong, and later in the year was part of Emperor Xuānzong's procession to Xingyuan (興元, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) when Emperor Xuānzong fled there from the imperial capital Chang'an due to a military confrontation between the powerful eunuch Tian Lingzi and Tian's allies Zhu Mei the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi) and Li Changfu the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) on one side, and the warlords Wang Chongrong the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) and Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) on the other. Later that year, the chancellor Wei Zhaodu, who also served as the director of the salt and iron monopolies, made Lu a surveyor under him. In 887, another chancellor, Kong Wei, made Lu a copyeditor (校書郎, Xiaoshu Lang) for the imperial histories. Soon thereafter, Lu's mother died, and he left governmental service to observe a mourning period for her. In 889, by which time Emperor Xizong had died and been succeeded by his brother Emperor Zhaozong, Lu was recalled to government service to serve as the sheriff of Lantian County (藍田, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi), but also to serve as a scholar at Hongwen Pavilion (弘文館). Thereafter, he was made Zuo Shiyi (左拾遺), an advisory official at the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng), as well as a scholar at Jixian Pavilion (集賢院). Soon thereafter, at the request of Liu Pi (柳玭) the deputy chief imperial censor, Lu was made an imperial censor with the title Jiancha Yushi (監察御史). In 891, he was made an imperial scholar (翰林學士, Hanlin Xueshi) as well as Tuntian Yuanwailang (屯田員外郎), a low-level official at the ministry of public works (工部, Gongbu). In 892, he was made Cibu Langzhong (祠部郎中), a supervisory official at the ministry of rites (禮部, Libu) and put in charge of drafting edicts. In 893, he was made Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng). It was said that Lu thought and wrote quickly, and his writings were both well-written and well-reasoned. On an occasion when Emperor Zhaozong wrote a poem and asked the imperial scholars to write responses, Lu wrote one quickly, impressing Emperor Zhaozong, who compared him to Lu Zhi and Wu Tongxuan (吳通玄), another talented official who served Emperor Dezong. In 894, Lu Yi was made the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎, Hubu Shilang). In 895, he was made the deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, Bingbu Shilang); he was also given the honorary title of Yinqing Guanglu Daifu (銀青光祿大夫) and created the Baron of Jiaxing. In 896, he was made the chief imperial scholar (翰林學士承旨, Hanlin Xueshi Chengzhi), and soon thereafter Shangshu Zuo Cheng (尚書左丞), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). First chancellorship Later in 896, Emperor Zhaozong made Lu Yi the deputy minister of census again, and made him a chancellor with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事). Traditionally, an officials from one of the three bureaus i.e., the executive, the legislative, and the examination (門下省, Menxia Sheng) were elevated to chancellorship, he would give an amount of money to the officials under him to thank them for their service under him, but that tradition did not include the office of the imperial scholars (翰林院, Hanlin Yuan). Lu, in a break with that tradition, gave money to the officials at the office of the imperial scholars to thank them, and they felt honored. However, Lu did not remain chancellor long on this occasion. His elevation to chancellorship was intended to replace Cui Yin, and was carried out at a time when Emperor Zhaozong and the imperial officials had fled Chang'an and gone to Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern Weinan, Shaanxi) to flee an attack that Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit was carrying out against Chang'an; once they got to Zhenguo, Zhenguo's military governor Han Jian, with the emperor under his physical control, instigated Cui's removal and exile (to be the military governor of Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered in modern Changsha, Hunan). However, soon thereafter, Cui elicited the aid of the powerful warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), and Zheng submitted a petition protesting Cui's removal and further suggesting that Emperor Zhaozong move the capital to the eastern capital Luoyang (i.e., out of Han's reach and in Zhu's territory). Han, in fear, cancelled Cui's removal and had him made chancellor again. Thereafter, Cui, resenting Lu for replacing him, falsely accused Lu of being an ally of Li Maozhen's and had Lu demoted to be the prefect of Xia Prefecture (硤州, in modern Yichang, Hubei). (Both Lu's biographies in the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang blamed Lu's demotion on, according to them, Lu's opposition to the launching of a campaign against Li Maozhen that led to Li Maozhen's attack on Chang'an; however, as Lu's elevation to the chancellorship came after Li Maozhen's attack, that appears to be unlikely.) Between chancellorships In summer 897, Lu Yi was recalled to serve as the minister of public works (工部尚書, Gongbu Shangshu). In fall 897, he was made the minister of defense (兵部尚書, Bingbu Shangshu), and soon thereafter he subsequently accompanied Emperor Zhaozong on the emperor's return to Chang'an. Second chancellorship In 899, Lu Yi was again made chancellor, replacing Cui Yin. In 900, he was created the Duke of Wu Commandery. He was subsequently made Menxia Shilang (門下侍郎) — deputy head of the examination bureau — and put in charge of editing the imperial histories. Later in 900, Emperor Zhaozong was forced to abdicate in favor of his son and crown prince Li Yu, Prince of De after a coup by a group of powerful eunuchs led by Liu Jishu, but in spring 901, a group of Shence Army officers loyal to Emperor Zhaozong in turn overthrew the eunuchs and restored Emperor Zhaozong to the throne. Soon thereafter, Cui (who was chancellor again by that point) and Lu submitted a joint proposal to have the two Shence Armies, which were traditionally under the command of eunuch commanders, placed under the two chancellors' command instead. However, this proposal was opposed by the Shence Army officers who restored Emperor Zhaozong, as well as Li Maozhen (who was then in a rapprochement stance with the imperial government), and Emperor Zhaozong rejected it, placing the Shence Armies under the commands of the eunuchs Han Quanhui and Zhang Yanhong (張彥弘) instead. Meanwhile, Emperor Zhaozong secretly suspected that Lu did not support his return to the throne, but the imperial scholar Han Wo spoke in Lu's defense, and Emperor Zhaozong took no action against Lu. Subsequently, Han and Zhang, fearing that Emperor Zhaozong and Cui were going to slaughter the eunuchs, kidnapped Emperor Zhaozong and took him to Fengxiang. Zhu, at Cui's request, put Fengxiang's capital Fengxiang Municipality under siege. In 903, with Fengxiang in desperate straits, Li Maozhen killed Han, Zhang, and their supporters, and turned Emperor Zhaozong over to Zhu to sue for peace. Lu's actions during the Fengxiang siege were not recorded in history. However, after Zhu returned Emperor Zhaozong to Chang'an, Emperor Zhaozong issued an edict to the circuits — but specifically left Fengxiang out of the edict's distribution list. Lu argued that singling Fengxiang out showed a lack of magnanimity. Cui, in anger, suggested to Emperor Zhaozong that Lu be demoted, and Lu thereafter was made the teacher of Emperor Zhaozong's son Li Yan (李禋) the Prince of Yi, but with his office at Luoyang. He was also reduced in his honorary title of Tejin (特進) down to Zhengyi Daifu (正議大夫). After second chancellorship In 904, after Zhu Quanzhong killed Cui Yin and forced Emperor Zhaozong to move the capital to Luoyang, Lu Yi was made the minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書, Libu Shangshu) and restored to the rank of Tejin, but was not again chancellor. He accompanied Emperor Zhaozong on the journey to Luoyang. Later in the year, Zhu had Emperor Zhaozong assassinated and replaced with his son Emperor Ai. In 905, Zhu, at the advice of his close associates Liu Can and Li Zhen, began demoting and killing Tang aristocrats en masse, and Lu was first demoted to be the census officer at Pu Prefecture (濮州, in modern Heze, Shandong), and then ordered to commit suicide at Baima Station (白馬驛, in modern Anyang, Henan), with fellow former chancellors Pei Shu, Dugu Sun, Cui Yuan, Wang Pu, as well as the officials Zhao Chong (趙崇) and Wang Zan (王贊). At Li Zhen's request (as Li Zhen, who was unable to pass the imperial examinations, resented these traditional aristocrats for claiming to be free from taint), Zhu had their bodies thrown into the Yellow River (as Li Zhen put it, to taint them). Notes and references Old Book of Tang, vol. 179. New Book of Tang, vol. 183. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 260, 261, 262, 264, 265. Category:847 births Category:905 deaths Category:Politicians from Sanmenxia Category:Tang dynasty historians Category:Forced suicides of Chinese people Category:Historians from Henan Category:Executed Tang dynasty people Category:Chancellors under Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Category:10th-century executions by the Tang dynasty Category:Executed people from Henan Category:Tang dynasty politicians from Henan Category:Writers from Sanmenxia

Anthene chirinda Anthene chirinda, the Chirinda hairtail, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. References Category:Butterflies described in 1910 Category:Anthene

SM U-23 (Germany) SM U-23 was one of the 329 U-boats serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. U-23 was engaged in the naval warfare and took part in the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-23 served on three war patrols, sinking a total of seven ships for . She was baited by the Q ship Princess Louise and torpedoed by at , off Fair Isle, in Shetland, Scotland. Twenty four men died and 10 survived. Summary of raiding history References Notes Citations Bibliography Category:World War I submarines of Germany Category:Maritime incidents in 1915 Category:U-boats sunk in 1915 Category:1912 ships Category:Ships built in Kiel Category:U-boats sunk by British submarines Category:Type U 23 submarines Category:U-boats commissioned in 1913 Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean Category:Shipwrecks of Scotland Category:1915 in Scotland Category:Fair Isle Category:History of Shetland

Jim Jess Jim Jess (born ) is a retired Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1976 and 1988 for the Richmond Football Club. Jess was commonly referred to as 'The Ghost'. References Hogan P: The Tigers Of Old, Richmond FC, Melbourne 1996 External links Category:Living people Category:Richmond Football Club players Category:Burnie Football Club players Category:Victorian State of Origin players Category:All-Australians (1953–1988) Category:1955 births Category:Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)

Showtime (Angel & Khriz album) Showtime is the second album by Angel & Khriz released on March 11, 2008. It was a success with fans and critics, receiving 4.5 stars from AllMusic and reaching No. 18 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. Showtime was nominated for a Lo Nuestro Award for Urban Album of the Year. Track listing Intro Que Nos Vean La Vecina Showtime (featuring Zion) Muévela Juguete Tu Aroma Na De Na (featuring Gocho & John Eric) He Tratado Quiere Más Me Pegué - (featuring Montana & Mora) No Me Conoces Pa'l Barrio Va y Ven Carita de Ángel (Version Bachata) (Remix) Charts References External links New Album: Angel & Khriz - Showtime Category:2008 albums Category:Angel & Khriz albums Category:Machete Music albums Category:Albums produced by Noriega

Meet the Robinsons (video game) Meet the Robinsons refers to three different video games based on a film by the same name. Console version Storyline The game begins with Wilbur Robinson doing some time-traveling of his own, risking both his safety and the time stream in the process. Despite his father's warning not to mess with the time machine while he's away on a business trip, Wilbur doesn't seem fazed. Soon, the second time machine is stolen by the Bowler Hat Guy and Wilbur ends up following him into the past. It is here where Wilbur accidentally knocks down Stanley and Lizzie, disrupting the time stream in the process. With their projects ruined and their dreams crushed, an alternate future develops. Carl immediately calls Wilbur back to the future, realizing that their world is now under the dangerous control of Emperor Stanley and Queen Lizzie. It is up to Wilbur to fix the time stream before he can go back to pursue the Bowler Hat Guy, events which lead straight-up to Wilbur's entrance in the movie. Gameplay The game follows Wilbur through 40 missions and 6 different locales, a few of which are revisited in the movie. Secret Blueprints allow the player to "build" different Cheats and Extras, using Cornelius Robinson's Transmogrifier. This machine creates items using Base Components which Wilbur collects during his adventure. A Breakout like game called Chargeball is both featured in the game itself and as an extra gameplay option. Different Chargeball "maps" can be found throughout game and it is up to Wilbur to become the Chargeball champion. Original actors such as Wesley Singerman, Harland Williams, Adam West, Nicole Sullivan, and Stephen Anderson reprise their roles for the Robinson family, while Daniel Hansen (Lewis) doesn't appear in the game at all. The locations in this game include: Ancient Egypt, the Robinsons' house, the Robinsons' basement, Joyce Williams Elementary School, the alternate future, Magma Industries, and Old Town. Game Boy Advance version Storyline After Lewis returns to the past and prepares for his new life, Wilbur arrives back home only to find that his house has been invaded by several hundred Mini-Doris hats. He learns that Mini-Doris, which Frannie's Frogs originally captured, has made its way to Robinson Industries to begin cloning herself. Wilbur travels back into the past in the hopes that Lewis will be able to help him again, an offer which Lewis is at first reluctant to take. Gameplay Exclusively developed for the Game Boy Advance, the Climax Entertainment game features a completely different storyline and uses a mix of side-scrolling, top-view, and flying levels (for the Time Machine) throughout. Both Wilbur and Lewis are able to create and activate several different inventions by finding invention pieces throughout the levels. In addition, InventCo Egg-Timers and Gift Boxes are hidden throughout; collecting enough of these will unlock special "Goodies" on the main menu. In addition, a "Battery" meter serves as both a life gauge and a power gauge for the many different inventions. The events of the game take place immediately after the movie, rather than before like in the Buena Vista Games version. Inexplicably, this is also the only Meet the Robinsons game which features Lewis as a main playable character. Due to the limitations of the Game Boy Advance, no voice-acting is featured. Nintendo DS version The Nintendo DS version is a third-person shooter with a simplified version of the console storyline, borrowing familiar game elements, such as the Dissembler and Charge Glove as well as adding exclusive ones. It follows the console version in four different worlds; Egypt, Lizzy, Stanley, and finally the Bowler Hat Guy's robotic hat- Doris, that ensures a final battle for the future. The Nintendo DS version also includes chargeball as well, just as the console version. Reception Results of the game were average to mixed. Cast Danny Cooksey as Emperor Stanley Bill Farmer as Ice Cream Vendor Parker Goris as Genetic Kid #4 Don Hall as Uncle Gaston Robbie E. Harrison as Wilbur's Friends Tracey Miller-Zarneke as Lizzy Wesley Singerman as Wilbur Robinson Alex Brooklyn Stein as Girl Nicole Sullivan as Franny Robinson Andre Ware as Chargeball Champion Adam West as Uncle Art Harland Williams as Carl See also List of Wii games List of Nintendo DS games References Category:2007 video games Category:Avalanche Software games Category:Cancelled PlayStation Portable games Category:Cancelled Xbox games Category:Video games based on films Category:Game Boy Advance games Category:GameCube games Category:Nintendo DS games Category:PlayStation 2 games Category:PlayStation Network games Category:Video games developed in the United States Category:Wii games Category:Windows games Category:Xbox 360 games

Blackbriar Blackbriar may refer to: Black-Briar, from The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim Blackbriar (novel), a young adult novel by William Sleator Blackbriar Thorn, a DC Comics character Project Blackbriar, a spy program in the Bourne film series Blackbriar (band), gothic rock/alternative metal band from Assen, Netherlands

Dulwich College Dulwich College is a 2–19 independent, day and boarding school for boys in Dulwich, London, England. It was founded in 1619 by Edward Alleyn, an Elizabethan actor, with the original purpose of educating 12 poor scholars as the foundation of 'God's Gift'. Admission by examination is mainly into years 3, 7, 9, and 12 (i.e. ages 7, 11, 13, and 16 years old) to the Junior, Lower, Middle and Upper Schools into which the college is divided. It is a member of both the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and the Eton Group. History 1619: Foundation: The College of God's Gift at Dulwich Founder's Day at Dulwich College is celebrated at the end of the Summer Term to commemorate the signing of the letters patent by James I on 21 June 1619 authorising Edward Alleyn to establish a college in Dulwich to be called 'the College of God's Gift, in Dulwich in Surrey'. The term "Dulwich College" was used colloquially from that date, such as in 1675 when John Evelyn described his visit to Dulwich College in his Diary. However, for at least 263 years this colloquialism was incorrect as the school was part of the overall charitable Foundation. Edward Alleyn, as well as being a famous Elizabethan actor, for whom Christopher Marlowe wrote his title roles, performed at the Rose Theatre, was also a man of great property and wealth, derived mainly from places of entertainment including theatres and bear-gardens. There is no documentary evidence for the legend that he owned brothels. He was 'Chief Maister, Ruler and Overseer of [the King's] games of Beares, Bulls, Mastiff Dogs and Mastiff Bitches'. Rumours that Alleyn turned his attention towards charitable pursuits out of fear for his moral well-being have been traced to the journalist George Sala and questioned though never firmly answered in the negative. Since 1605, Alleyn had owned the manorial estate of Dulwich, and it may have been around this time that he first had the idea of establishing a college or hospital for poor people and the education of poor boys. The building on Dulwich Green of a chapel, a schoolhouse and twelve almshouses, began in 1613 and was completed in the autumn of 1616. On 1 September 1616 the chapel was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury who became the official Visitor. However, Edward Alleyn faced objections from Francis Bacon, the Lord Chancellor, in getting the patent of incorporation that was necessary to secure the Foundation's status as a college. It was Alleyn's persistence that led to the foundation being endowed by James I's signing of the letters patent. The charity originally consisted of a Master, Warden, four fellows, six poor brothers, six poor sisters and twelve poor scholars (orphans admitted from the age of six years), who became the joint legal owners of Alleyn's endowment of the manor and lands of Dulwich, collectively known as the Members of the College. The poor brothers and sisters and scholars were to be drawn from the four parishes that were most closely tied to Alleyn (being St Botolph's Bishopsgate where he was born, St Giles, Middlesex where he had built his Fortune Theatre, St Saviour's Southwark where he had the Paris Bear Garden and had managed the Rose Theatre, and St Giles Camberwell where the college was founded). The business of the charity was conducted in the name of these thirty members by the Master, Warden and four Fellows (Chaplain, Schoolmaster, Usher and Organist). Alleyn drew upon the experience of other similar establishments in order to formulate the statutes and ordinances of the college, including drawing on the statutes of the already ancient Winchester College and visiting the more contemporary establishments of Sutton's Hospital (now Charterhouse School) and Croydon's Hospital (now the almshouses of the Whitgift Foundation). Among the many statutes and ordinances signed by Alleyn that pertained to the charitable scheme were provisions that the scholars were entitled to stay until they were eighteen. And to be taught in good and sound learning’…’that they might be prepared for university or for good and sweet trades and occupations. Another stipulation was that the Master and Warden should always be unmarried and of Alleyn's blood, and surname, and if the former was impossible then at least of Alleyn's surname. Alleyn also made provision that the people of Dulwich should be able to have their men children instructed at the school for a fee as well as children from outside Dulwich for a separate fee. The next two centuries were beset by both external difficulties such as diminishing financial fortunes and failing buildings as well as internal strife between the various Members of the College. The Official Visitor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, whose function was to ensure that the statutes were obeyed, was called in many times. The lack of a disinterested body of governors and of any official connection to the Universities of Oxford or Cambridge contributed significantly to the school failing to fulfill Alleyn's vision in its first two centuries. Some notable Masters did preside over the college during this time, including James Allen (the first Master to drop the 'y' from his surname), who in 1741 made over to the college six houses in Kensington, the rents of which were to be used in the establishment of two small schools in Dulwich, one for boys from the village, the other for girls to read and sew, out of which James Allen's Girls' School (JAGS) arose. Dr John Allen (1771–1843) of Holland House was a most learned and influential man, but neglected the education of the Poor Scholars. 1808: Dulwich College Building Act Having already obtained an Act in 1805 allowing them to enclose and develop of common land within the manor, the college was granted the power by the 1808 Dulwich College Building Act to extend the period over which leases ran, from twenty-one years as laid down by Alleyn, to eighty-four years, thus attracting richer tenants and bringing in large sums of money. The increased wealth of the college eventually resulted in the Charity Commission establishment of an enquiry into the advisability of widening the application of the funds to those extra beneficiaries Alleyn had specified in later amended clauses to the foundation's original statutes. Although the Master of the Rolls, Lord Langdale rejected the appeal in 1841 on the grounds that Alleyn had no right to alter the original statutes, he did express dissatisfaction with the college's educational provision. Immediately after this criticism, the Dulwich College Grammar School was established in 1842 for the education of poor boys from Dulwich and Camberwell. To this school were transferred the boys of the James Allen Foundation, leaving James Allen's school for girls only. The Old Grammar School, as it became known, was erected in 1841 opposite the Old College, designed by Sir Charles Barry, the architect of the Palace of Westminster. It still exists today. The foundation scholars of the college continued to receive an education far short of Alleyn's vision, despite further attempts at reform by the Visitor. In 1854, the college was investigated by a new Commission set up by the 1853 Charitable Trusts Act which led to the 1857 Dulwich College Act. 1857: Alleyn's College of God's Gift The 'College of God's Gift' became Alleyn's College of God's Gift when, on 25 August 1857, the Dulwich College Act dissolved the existing corporation and the charity was reconstituted with the new name. It was split into two parts with a joint Board of Governors: the educational (for the college) and the eleemosynary (for the charity). The Master, Warden, four fellows and 12 servants were pensioned off, although Alleyn's wishes were, and continue to be, respected, as sixteen pensioners (being the equivalent of 12 poor brothers and sisters plus four fellows) still live in flats in the Old College, looked after by a Warden. As for the Master, he was still to be appointed as the head of the new school. In its new form, the Master of the College was Reverend Alfred Carver (Master from April 1857 to April 1883). Carver successfully fought with the Chairman of the Governors, the Rev William Rogers, to create a public school with high academic standards. He was the first Master not to share the name of the school's founder "Alleyn" (or latterly "Allen"). The educational college was split into an "Upper" and "Lower" school. The "Upper school" was for boys between 8 and 18, to be taught a wide and detailed syllabus, and continued to be colloquially referred to as "Dulwich College". The "Lower school" for boys between 8 and 16, had lower fees and a syllabus and was aimed at children of the industrial and poorer classes. The Lower School was the incorporation of the boys from the grammar school established in the previous decade and was referred to as "Alleyn's College of God's Gift", although this was the name of the complete charitable foundation. 1870: The New College Dulwich College was included in Howard Staunton's 1865 book, The Great Schools of England, who wrote of the unusually comprehensive [scheme of instruction] and by the mid-1860s such was the enhanced reputation of the school that the pressure for places led to the introduction of a competitive examination. In 1869 the upper school took possession of the current site, referred to as the "New College", but it was not until Founder's Day (21 June) 1870 that the new college was officially opened by the Prince and Princess of Wales. The new college buildings, sited in the 24 hectares (60 acres) of Dulwich Common, were designed by Charles Barry, Jr. (the eldest son of Sir Charles Barry). The lower school alone continued to occupy the Old College in Dulwich Village from 1870 until it was moved to its new (and current) premises in East Dulwich in 1887. The present school colours and school magazine (The Alleynian) were established in the 1860s and 1870s, as were school societies such as Debating and Natural Science. By the time Canon Carver retired from the position of Master in 1882, Dulwich College was said to have expanded more rapidly in the previous 25 years than any other establishment and to be holding its own at universities, to have won a large number of places of honour in the Indian and Home Civil Service and at the Royal Military College of Woolwich and to be well represented among the public schools medals of the Royal Geographic Society and the prizes of the Art Schools of the Royal Academy. 1882: Separation from Alleyn's School; the college's 'Golden Age' Despite its excellent reputation, the college was the focus of pressure by the Charity Commissioners and other parties (including the Board of Governors and the outlying parishes named in Edward Alleyn's will) to reorganise it and divert much of its endowment to other schemes. The Master, Canon Carver, resisted these pressures for many years, finally winning an appeal in 1876 at the highest possible level (the Privy Council) where Lord Selborne ruled in his favour. In 1882, the Charity Commissioners finally issued a scheme that Canon Carver found acceptable. This passed into law by Act of Parliament and resulted in the Upper and Lower schools being officially split into separate institutions. The Upper School became Dulwich College (officially for the first time) and the Lower became Alleyn's School. Both schools remained within the Alleyn's College of God's Gift charitable foundation (along with James Allen's Girls' School, St Olave's and St Saviour's Grammar School, and the three Central Foundation schools in Finsbury and Bishopsgate). Two Boards of Governors came into being. Both Dulwich College and Alleyn's School were to be managed by the college Governors who also administered the Chapel and Picture Gallery. The Estates and Almshouses were placed in the hands of the Estates Governors. The foundation and the college are still governed under the same arrangement. The Archbishop of Canterbury's position as Visitor was also changed to that of Honorary Visitor of Alleyn's College of God's Gift, his powers being vested in the Charity Commissioners. Dulwich College's income is derived from the contributions by the Estates Governors, among whom the College Governors are well represented (having eight of the twenty five places) Canon Carver retired at this point, being the first headmaster to be both appointed and retired by Act of Parliament. Canon Carver was said to have given the college a body, but Arthur Herman Gilkes (Master from 1885–1914) to have given it a soul, with his noble ideals of scholarship and public service. He founded the College Mission in a poverty-stricken part of Camberwell. London County Council scholars were admitted to Dulwich College from 1903. The college was saved from bankruptcy by the 'Dulwich College Experiment' or 'Gilkes Experiment', the work of A H Gilkes's son Christopher Gilkes (Master from 1941–1953), the forerunner of the state 'Assisted Places Scheme', by which the majority of boys selected to attend the college had their fees paid by local councils. This resulted in an academic 'Renaissance' of the college which came to a climax from the late 1950s when the college was at the forefront of the schools winning awards on entry to Oxford and Cambridge. School arms When Edward Alleyn founded the school he was awarded a coat of arms and crest. This was used by the school until, in 1935, it was decreed by the College of Arms that it was the exclusive property of Edward Alleyn and his family. The new arms granted by the College of Arms were very similar to the old ones retaining most of the features. Deism and learning are represented by the flames in the crest. From the ring of flames an arm with a hand holding a heart protrudes. This probably symbolises charity and has a twofold meaning. First, it represents Alleyn's charitable intentions, and second it recalls Alleyn's famous speech, written by Ben Jonson, when he presented King James I with the flaming heart of London during The Magnificent Entertainment, involving a procession through the streets and through triumphal arches by which the City of London welcomed King James I from Scotland in 1604. The lower portion of the shield incorporates the original shield being an argent (silver) background on which are placed a chevron (bent bar) dividing three cinquefoils gules (red five pointed stars). Houses Boarding Houses Boarders now belong to one of three boarding houses, although the number of boarding houses has fluctuated over time. Those up to the age of sixteen (Year 11) live in "The Orchard", whilst boys of the Upper School (Year 12 and Year 13) live in either "Ivyholme" or "Blew House". After the college was reconstituted in 1857 most of the boys were day-boys but provision was made for boarders, and the Governors licensed three boarding houses to be kept by respectable ladies in the village (hence they were then known as dames' houses). A fourth was added soon afterwards. The number of functioning boarding houses has fluctuated between one and five since that point and in total there have been six different houses: Blew House Now one of the two senior houses, it was moved to its current position on College Road in the 1930s on the site of what had previously been the Master's garden (who had been residing in the south block of the New College). The original Blew House is called Old Blew House and still stands in Dulwich. Blew House was the only house to remain in commission throughout the Second World War for Alleynians and became a senior house at this point. Ivyholme The second of the two current senior houses, it too was moved to its current position on College Road in the 1930s. It was bombed during the Second World War but was re-opened soon after as a senior house. During the Second World War whilst housing students of the School of Oriental and African Studies (who were going through a crash course in languages sponsored by the War Office) it was also run by the Master of the College. The Orchard This is the only junior house still functioning as a boarding house. It was bombed during the Second World War but was re-opened as one of two junior houses very close to the war ending. During the Second World War, like Ivyholme, it housed students of the School of Oriental and African Studies who were going through a crash course in languages sponsored by the War Office. Elm Lawn This was the house in which P.G.Wodehouse once boarded prior to it becoming a junior house. After the Second World War it re-opened as a junior house, along with The Orchard. In 1949 the boys of Elm Lawn were moved into Bell House (see below) and it became the home of the Master of the College, and still is today. Bell House This eighteenth century building close to Dulwich Picture Gallery became the family home of the Master of the College in 1927 who until then had lived with his family in the south block of the New College. The Master moved out of this premises during the Second World War into Ivyholme. When Ivyholme reopened as a boarding house it was decided that the Master should not return to Bell House because it was too large for the purposes of a family residence. The Master moved to The Chestnuts and then in 1949 to Elm Lawn. Meanwhile, Bell House was adapted as a boarding house and became the second junior house, replacing Elm Lawn. In 1993 it was returned to private ownership, as the college recognised the lack of need for a second junior boarding house. Carver House As the number of boys requiring boarding increased towards the end of the Second World War a fifth house was created by converting the cricket pavilion. It was named after Canon Carver, first Master of the reconstituted College, but it did not last long in this form. Boarding house clubs and colours The colour system (for more detail see School uniform and colours below) also extended to the Boarding Houses due to their particular impact on college life. At one time, Bell, Ivyholme and Blew, had their own sports teams and their own distinct colours. Those awarded colours could wear ties and caps and for outstanding contribution the house blazer was awarded. Boarders with no colours could wear black ties to distinguish them from day boys. Today, senior boys can still become members of the Zodiac and Caerulean Clubs for Ivyholme and Blew respectively. The house captain, who is automatically a member of the club, controls membership of clubs, and such membership confers the right to wear a special tie. When, across the school, the uniform was standardised in 1970, the tradition of the house blazers disappeared save for the House Captain who, if he has earned full school colours, may wear the house blazer. Gordon Bowl This trophy was presented to the college prior to the Second World War. It was a trophy competed for by boarders only presented by an Old Alleynian, A.G.Gordon. It was originally competed for by the four boarding houses (when there was no junior/senior distinction), but after the Second World War only by the senior houses Blew House and Ivyholme until 2017, the year which Orchard were readded to the competition. It is still played for today. Day Houses All boys are members of one of eight day houses or Athletic Houses as they were originally known. The Houses were the brainchild of W.D. ('Scottie') Gibbon, an assistant master and rugby coach. The idea was decided upon in 1919 and in the school magazine, The Alleynian, of March 1920 the process was described. The division would be into six houses to be named after distinguished Englishmen of the Elizabethan period (see table below). The name of Shakespeare was omitted as being considered pre-eminent. Upon their original creation Boarders and Day Boys were divided thus: Grenville included Blew House, Marlowe included The Orchard, Spenser included Elm Lawn, Sidney included Ivyholme and two entirely Day-boy houses were created: Drake and Raleigh. In 1982 two more Houses (Jonson and Howard) were added due to an increased College roll. The athletic houses were created to improve the standard of games at the college, which had deteriorated during the First World War. Before the creation of these houses, the most keenly anticipated matches were the Boarders vs Day-Boys or the Prefects vs The Rest of the School. The Athletic Houses produced, and still produce, Big Sides and Little Sides for competition. Big Sides are Houses teams that include players who also represent the school and Little are House sides that do not include school sporting representatives. A boy's house is decided randomly or through family connection where possible. The houses continue to compete in sporting and cultural competitions (such as music, drama, chess and debating). The Cock House Shield or Cup are presented to the leading House at the end of the school year taking into account all competitions. School uniform and colours The dress code for pupils of Dulwich College depends on the boarding or day houses a boy might belong to, the sports teams represented, or whether a boy has attained school colours or become a prefect. Alleyn had prescribed the clothing of poor scholars to be "a white calico surplice, a long coat such as that worn by Christ's Hospital boys, of good cloth of sad (dark and sober) colour, a bodice lined with canvas, skirts with cotton lining, canvas shirts, white cotton drawers, knitted stockings, shoes and belt, a girdle and a black cap." This is how boys were dressed for over two centuries, until the new foundation in 1857. In 1863, the Master, Alfred Carver, decreed the uniform should be "Short tunic buttoned to the chin, trousers of an Oxford mixture, an ordinary rifle cap with a broad band and narrow peak, and a dark coloured Inverness cape for winter." Under Carver, boys still wore waistcoats of varied hues and "the latest creations in neckties". This was suppressed in 1883 by the new Master, Welldon, whose first rule on arrival was that the boys should wear uniform, a forerunner of the subfusc jackets of today. The colours of the college, blue and black, according to tradition are based on Marlborough College although Haileybury is more likely the model. It is known that in 1864 caps were introduced, with cross ribbons of purple soon altered to blue. The college arms were added in 1875. From this time, the colour scheme arose for rewarding achievement, limited at first to sport with blazers for the 1st and 2nd team of the major sports, rugby and cricket (as well as ties, caps and squares). The minor sports also had colours, although these did not extend to a full blazer. Rather, athletics, fives, shooting, boxing, tennis, swimming, gymnastics, fencing and waterpolo had blazer badges (plus caps and ties). Additionally, the boarding houses, which historically had a disproportionate effect on the sporting life of the college, had their own boarding house colours. (For more details see Boarding Houses) By 1909 there were seventeen different caps plus a variety of blazers. The striped jackets for prominent sportsmen also conferred certain privileges, such as having the right to proceed first through the doors of centre block. Further emphasising status were special caps for major sports colours. Rugby had a pie-shaped porker with tassels. Likewise, prefects wearing caps quartered in blue and black, could unbutton their jackets and keep their hands in their trousers. The most exclusive items took precedence even over the striped blazers of members of the 1st teams for major sports. The very best rugby players were on rare occasions awarded the rugby honours cap, and perhaps the most fabled item of all, still displayed in the college's Wodehouse library, was the white blazer. This was only awarded on the recommendation of the Field Sports Committee (see Sport section) with the essential requirement being that a boy be a member of both the Cricket 1st XI and the Rugby 1st XV and display prominence in a minor sport (e.g. boxing, fives, squash, fencing, shooting). This uniform changed little till the 1960s (save for the arms change in 1935, and the addition of the house colours on sports shirts following the athletics houses foundation in 1920). By the 60s, boys (other than prefects and those with sporting honours) had to wear a black jacket and either grey flannels or pinstripe trousers in the Autumn and Winter terms. Shortly after the start of the Summer term, an announcement would be made that henceforth, for the rest of the term, blazers (navy blue with a white embroidered DC in gothic script) and grey flannels would be worn, along with the option of boaters. The traditional cap which was balanced on the back of the head was to be worn when in uniform off school premises and (no doubt because of its precarious perch) boys would "cap" those to whom they would otherwise have raised their caps. "Capping" involved touching the College arms on the cap with the left hand. The 1960s saw the demise of caps and boaters and a reduction in the variety of blazers, as well as the end of shirts with separate collars. Co-Curricular Sport When Arthur Herman Gilkes became Master, he adhered to Carver's belief that the physical organisation of the school should be based on the principle that as far as possible management should be in the hands of the boys. Therefore, he continued the tradition of the general running of games being entrusted to a Field Sports Board (sometimes referred to as the Field Sports Committee), composed of the "school captain, captains of cricket, football (rugby), gymnastics, the baths (swimming), fencing, fives, athletics sports, boxing and shooting". Gilkes had it that the only masters with authorised status with regards to games were the captain of the Rifle Corps, and treasurer of the Sports Board. By 1894 there no more masters on the Field Sports Committee. The Board at the time controlled the appointment of captains and had some say in the style of blazers that could be worn as uniform. It was the Field Sports Committee, for example, that governed the award of the college's most prestigious colours, the white blazer. The system today is very different with assistant masters now being in charge of games, and acting more as coaches. Colours for sporting achievement were the first such colours to be established at the college (see School uniform and colours below). Originally colours consisted of blazers for the 1st and 2nd team of the major sports, rugby and cricket (as well as ties, caps and squares) and colours for minor sports, (not extending to a full blazer but blazer badges plus caps and ties). Caps were also available, such as for rugby, the pie shaped porker and more exclusive items such as the rare rugby honours cap, and the white blazer, only awarded on the recommendation of the Field Sports Committee with the essential requirement being that a boy be a member of both the Cricket 1st XI and the Rugby 1st XV and display prominence in a minor sport. Testament to the judgment of the committee are the careers of certain alumni who received this blazer such as Trevor Bailey the England cricket all-rounder, who was so awarded because he was also a distinguished squash player. The college still divides sport into Major and Minor. The major sports have always included rugby and cricket in the Michaelmas and summer terms respectively and for many decades just these two were deemed as major. In the twentieth century, field hockey became a major sport in the Lent term, having been introduced in 1953. Soccer, a minor sport since it was allowed in 1970, became of equal status to hockey in 2000. A raft of minor sports have also been recognised at the college for well over a century in many cases. Minor sports have included athletics from 1864; Fives from 1894 (effectively ended by the courts being destroyed by enemy bombs in the Second World War); shooting from 1878 (less applicable due to safety regulations and the loss of the .22 range); boxing from 1879 (abandoned in the 1960s but with martial arts now filling the void), tennis from 1880 (although banned during A H Gilkes' time); swimming from 1883 with the college being one of the first schools to erect a swimming pool; gymnastics from 1891; fencing (like boxing, saw a demise in the 1960s but still has a representative team); squash and water polo. The school also has teams for golf; rowing (a recent introduction in 1991 – the school now owns a boathouse on the River Thames); badminton; basketball; croquet; cycling; skiing; table tennis and rugby fives. The facilities, which include a sports centre complex, courts for most racquet sports, an athletic track, tennis courts, a swimming pool and acres of playing fields, cater to almost all sporting requirements. Rugby The major sport of the Michaelmas term, Dulwich College rugby has long enjoyed a powerful reputation. The school began its rugby tradition with a 1–0 victory over City of London School in 1859, 12 years before the founding of the Rugby Football Union. Since that time the school has had upwards of 30 Old Alleynians play at full international level, with more playing at schoolboy international level, national reserve and professional club rugby as well as representatives for invitational sides such as the Barbarians. Three British and Irish Lions have emerged from the college. 1909 featured an unbeaten first XV which contained five future internationals dubbed the 'Famous Five'. Between 2012 and 2014, Dulwich College won the Natwest Schools Cup (previously known as the Daily Mail Cup) three times in a row. Then in 2017 secured an historic double, becoming the first ever team to win both the schools cup (in the years mentioned) and the Champions Trophy, the highest Tier of School Cup Rugby. CCF Dulwich College has a well-established Combined Cadet Force contingent that has been running since when the organisation was founded in 1859. The boys can choose between three sections: Royal Navy, Army and Royal Air Force, with most boys joining in year 9. The DCCCF regularly conducts battlecraft trips, flying days at RAF Benson and expeditions to the arctic or desert. The DCCCF are Gold medal winners in the Cambrian Patrol and have won both the Guthrie cup, London district shooting competition and the Air Squadron Trophy Competition. Scouts Dulwich College has a scout troop which has two patrols within it. It runs from year 6 to year 13 with both scouts and explorers. The troop is called the 25th Camberwell and has been running for over 80 years. Dulwich College Union Dulwich College has a large union for clubs and societies containing over 50 societies. There is a wide range of clubs ranging from Rocketry to History and the college used to have a Chicken society in which boys tended to the college's chickens. The clubs, and Union, are run by boys in Year 12 and 13 and contribute to their Duke of Edinburg awards. Most of these clubs and societies have their own personalised ties. Debating Within the Dulwich College Union debating plays a large role. The Dulwich College society runs during the school terms but competes both nationally and internationally. The society runs from year 7 to 13 and has around 50 members. It has recently enjoyed great success, winning the Oxford Union Debating Competition in 2014, 2015 and 2016, the Cambridge Union Schools Debating Competition in 2014 and 2015, and the ESU (English Speaking Union) Schools Mace Debating Competition, also in 2014 and 2015. It has also represented Team England and competed internationally against other national teams. It has also competed in Texas, Singapore and Stuttgart. Dulwich College is, therefore, ranked as one of the top debating schools in the UK (second only to St Paul's) and one of the best in the world. School magazine The Dulwich College school magazine is called the Alleynian, named after the school's founder Edward Alleyn. This magazine was first published in 1873, although the school's first magazine under the name the Dulwich College Magazine for School News and General Reading had been published in 1864 but only lasted for fourteen issues after its editor left for Cambridge University. The Alleynian was edited at one point by P.G.Wodehouse in his last year at the school. Old Alleynians Old boys of Dulwich College are called "Old Alleynians", after the founder of the school. This is often abbreviated to "O.A." as post-nominal letters in brackets in school publications or publications specifically concerning the school. The term should not be confused with "Alleyn's Old Boys" used for alumni of Alleyn's School. Current pupils of the school are known as Alleynians. Prior to around 1880, the terms Alleynian and Old Alleynian were not used and the pupils and ex-pupils were known as Dulwichians. Notable Old Alleynians include Sir Ernest Shackleton, Sir P G Wodehouse, Raymond Chandler, Sir Edward George, Bob Monkhouse, Michael Ondaatje, David Thomson, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Nigel Farage, the cricketer Trevor Bailey, C. S. Forester and the architect C. F. A. Voysey. Headmastership of Dulwich College The Head Master of Dulwich College is styled The Master of Dulwich College, as laid out in the 1882 scheme of the Charity Commissioners. This continued a tradition of the Head of the college being called the Master since its foundation in 1619. The Foundation originally had a governing body consisting of a Master, Warden, four Fellows, and six Assistants made up of the two churchwardens of each of the three parishes of St Botolph's, Bishopsgate, of St Saviour's, Southwark, and of St Giles', Cripplegate. The Master was most senior, followed by the Warden and on vacancy of the Mastership, the Warden succeeded. By the 1857 Dulwich College Act the Master, Warden and Fellows were pensioned and the governance of the foundation switched to a body of nineteen Governors. However, the position of Master continued as the title of the Headmaster of the new Upper School, with an Undermaster as deputy. The 1882 Act (as a result of the Charity Commissioners scheme) abolished the office of Undermaster. Masters of the College of God's Gift in Dulwich Thomas Alleyn (appointed 1619 (assumed office on death of Founder Edward Alleyn); died 1631) Matthias Alleyn (succeeded 1631; died 1642) Thomas Alleyn (succeeded 1642; died 1668-9) Raph Alleyn (succeeded 1668–9; died 1677–8) John Alleyn (succeeded 1677–8; died 1686) Richard Alleyn (succeeded 1686; died 1690) John Alleyn (succeeded 1690; died 1712) Thomas Alleyn (succeeded 1712; died 1721) James Allen (formerly Alleyn) (succeeded 1721; died 1746) Joseph Allen (succeeded 1746; resigned 1775) Thomas Allen (succeeded 1775; died 1805) William Allen (succeeded 1805; died 1811) Lancelot Baugh Allen (succeeded 1811; resigned 1820) John Allen (succeeded 1820; died 1843) George John Allen (succeeded 1843; pensioned 1857) Masters of Alleyn's College of God's Gift at Dulwich and (from 18 August 1882) Dulwich College Rev. Alfred James Carver (appointed 1858; retired 1883) Rev. James Edward Cowell Welldon (appointed 1883; retired 1885) Arthur Herman Gilkes (appointed 1885; retired 1914) George Smith (appointed 1914; retired 1928) Walter Reynolds Booth (appointed 1928; retired 1941) Christopher H. Gilkes (appointed 1941; died 1953) C. Thomas (Deputy Master, took over the Mastership in 1953 for the year it took to find a permanent replacement) Ronald Groves (appointed 1954; retired 1966) Charles W. Lloyd (appointed 1966; retired 1975) David A. Emms (appointed 1975; retired 1986) Anthony C. F. Verity (appointed 1986; resigned 1995) Christopher Field (The Deputy Master who became Acting Master during 1996.) Graham G. Able (appointed 1997; retired 2009) Joseph A. F. Spence (appointed 2009) Collections At the college The school has a very extensive archive, especially of material relating to drama and the arts, much of which is from Edward Alleyn's (the founder) own library. Apart from diaries kept by Alleyn and his partner Philip Henslowe are many other documents relating to the college and foundation. There are also 12 volumes of unpublished music by John Reading; two of the three volumes of the First Folio Shakespeare; a Mercator Atlas; first editions of poetry by John Donne, Edmund Spenser and Dryden; A Book of Hours from the fifteenth century and even a copy of the first book to be printed in London in 1480. Other interesting artefacts held by the college include the "James Caird", the whaler in which Ernest Shackleton made his intrepid voyage for survival to South Georgia from Elephant Island in 1916, as well as other items such as sledges from the earlier Nimrod expedition. Above the fireplace in the Masters' Library are two panels depicting pietas (Duty) and liberalitas (Generosity) bought by Edward Alleyn in 1618 from Elizabeth I's state barge. They are reputed to have originally come from Francis Drake's Golden Hinde. Dulwich Picture Gallery Alleyn's College was also bequeathed a large collection of paintings by Francis Bourgeois in 1811, which had originally been intended to form the nucleus of the collection of the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski. Following the partitions of Poland the paintings were left to the college, which set up the Dulwich Picture Gallery under a trusteeship in a building designed by Sir John Soane, which became Britain's first public art gallery. Since 1995 the Gallery has been an independent registered charity. In culture and cultural influence Painting of the college In 1870, the buildings of the New College were painted by the impressionist artist, Camille Pissarro. Pissarro was at the time living in Upper Norwood having fled from France at the time of the Franco-Prussian War and was entranced by the London landscapes. Other cultural influence The school lent its name to a locomotive in the Southern Railway V Class. This class was known as the Schools Class because all 40 locomotives were named after prominent English public schools. The nameplate from 907, Dulwich, is now displayed by the Model Railway Society within Dulwich College. See also Alleyn's College of God's Gift Dulwich International College Dulwich College Beijing Dulwich College Seoul Dulwich College Shanghai Dulwich College Singapore Dulwich College Suzhou Dulwich International High School Suzhou Dulwich International High School Zhuhai Edward Alleyn Graham Able List of Old Alleynians List of Victoria Crosses by School References External links OA Victoria Cross and George Cross Holders Category:Dulwich Category:Charles Barry Jr. buildings Category:Independent schools in the London Borough of Southwark Category:Independent boys' schools in London Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference Category:Charities based in London Category:Educational institutions established in the 1610s Category:1619 establishments in England

Marcus Fronius Marcus Fronius (1659 – 14 April 1713) was a Lutheran theologian, pedagogue, and author whose published works covered topics such as theology, metaphysics, and humoural physiology. Fronius, a Transylvanian Saxon, was born in Neustadt, Siebenbürgen, and studied under the tutelage of Johann Deutschmann and Abraham Calovius, obtaining an M.Th. from the University of Wittenberg in 1682. He was also a poet and musician of some note, having composed pieces to accompany the Lutheran Mass; and was said to have had "extraordinary skill in drawing and in the Latin language." He died in Kronstadt, Siebenbürgen. [see also Fronius] Works by Marcus Fronius Dissertatio Metaphysica, de distinctione, Praeside Christ. Donati Kal. Nov. Vitebergae, 1681. Dissertatio de distinctione Totius et Partium, Respond. Joh. Hoch. Parathia Transsilvano. Kal. Nov. Vitebergae, 1682. Dissertatio de τριαδγνϖσια primorum N. T. Fidelium, ante publicum Christi Praeconium, Praes. Joh. Deutschmann. Vitebergae, 1682. Ugyanez Deutschmannnak Theosophia et Triadosophia, Witebergae, 1685. Eccur prae se ferat aliud, aliud animo destinet, Deus Optim. Max., Praeside M. Marco Fronio, Andreas Nekesch, Cibiniens. Transsilv. propugnabit, anno 1686. d. 3. Február Witebergae. Cum coelum levius sit, fitque gravissima terra... Witebergae, 1700. Tusculanae Heltesdendes Coronae. 1704. (Dissertationes de SS. Theologia, quibus Articulorum Fidei omnium connexio methodo scriptuaria e septem omnino S. Sc. Locis deducta, commonstratur, ventilatae, Praeside Marco Fronio). Von der zum Himmel führenden Heimlichen und verborgenen Weisheit wie sie uns Gott durch seine Propheten und Apostel hat wissen lassen. Psal. 51. 8. I. Cor. 2. 7. Kronstadt, 1704. Patriam Quaerens Exul Psyche. Kronstadt, 1705. Der Artikel Von der Busse, in etlichen Sermonen fürgestellet, aus denen Worten des Propheten Joëls 2. 12. 13. 14... Kronstadt, 1707. Ordinationspredigt, als Herr Simon Draud, Gymn. Cor. L. 1. zum Pfarrer in Roth-Bach ordiniret und installiret wurde. Im Jahre Christi, 1709. 12. Hornung. Kronstadt. Enchiridon, Der kleine Catechismus D. M. L. Kronstadt, 1709. Die heimliche und verborgene Weisheit Gottes, welche Gott verordnet hat für der Welt, zu unser Herrlichkeit. (I. Theil.) In sieben Sprüchen heiliger Schrifft entworffen. Seinen Kindern aber gezeiget, von M. F. P. C. Kronstadt, 1709. Sprüche, woraus die Glaubens Artikel, in schrifftmässiger Ordnung, nach Einleitung derer sieben Grund-Sprüche, welche unterm Namen der Heimlichen und Verborgenen Weisheit Gottes, herausgegeben, sind abgehalten worden. Kronstadt, 1710. Die von unserm Herrn Jesu allen denen zu Ihm Kommenden und Beladenen versprochene Ruhe der Seelen, in einer Fest-Andacht betrachtet, zu Cronstadt 1711. Jahrs August Monat. Kronstadt. Ordinations. Predigt, als 1711. Jahres, den Pfingst-Montag zum heiligen Ammt, die Heerde Christi in Clausenburg zu weiden, die Hände auffgelegt werden. (Tit.) Hn. Georgen Marci, der H. Schrifit befliessenen, etc. geschehen in Cron-Stadt. Kronstadt, 1711. Ists auch recht? Bei dem betrübten Falle eines Eigenmordes abgehändelt Am Sonntage Trinit. über das ordentliche Evangelium, von M. F. C. D. Kronstadt, 1712. M. Marcus Fronius Visitationsbüchlein. Ein Beitrag zur Kirchen- und Sittengeschichte des Burzenlandes. Kronstadt, 1868. References Category:Transylvanian-Saxon people Category:German Lutheran theologians Category:1659 births Category:1713 deaths

Ornarantia Ornarantia is a genus of moths in the family Choreutidae. Species Ornarantia biferana (Walker, 1863) Ornarantia bigerana (Walker, 1863) Ornarantia canofusana (Walker, 1863) Ornarantia chorica (Meyrick, 1926) Ornarantia cinctipes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) Ornarantia contrariana (Walker, 1863) Ornarantia contubernalis (Zeller, 1877) Ornarantia dyari Busck, 1900 Ornarantia gradella Walsingham, 1914 Ornarantia immarginata Walsingham, 1914 Ornarantia laciniosella Busck, 1914 Ornarantia meratella Busck, 1914 Ornarantia ophiodesma (Meyrick, 1915) Ornarantia rimulalis (Zeller, 1875) Ornarantia scenophora (Meyrick, 1922) Ornarantia tristis (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) Ornarantia velatana (Walker, 1863) Ornarantia xutholopa Walsingham, 1914 External links choreutidae.lifedesks.org Category:Choreutidae

Robin Gibson Robin Gibson may refer to: Robin Gibson (architect) (1930–2014), Australian architect Robin Gibson (footballer) (born 1979), English footballer Robin Warwick Gibson (1944–2010), British gallery curator and art historian

Jimmy Lyggett Sr Jimmy Lyggett (1897, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – c. 1955, somewhere in US) was an American boxer and boxing trainer. Boxer He started boxing at the age of 17. At the age of 20, he won the United States Championship for professional Black boxers. One year later, he boxed with Eddie Palmer and won the match by KO in 19 rounds, taking the title of the champion of the "Colored Championship of the World'. Lyggett fought with several great boxers during his career. He boxed against Jack Blackburn on November 25, 1918 in Philadelphia (ND, 6 rounds) and in 1919 with George Robinson, who later two times fought for 'Colored' World middleweight title. After winning the World Colored Heavyweight Championship, he moved Europe in order to prove himself as the best boxer in the world. He fought several top European boxers , including state champions and vice champions of Germany: Rudolf Arndt, Hans Breitenstraeter, Walter Buckszun, Kurt Prenzel, Adolf Seybold, Rudi Wagener, and Adolf Wiegert, as well as Dane Chic Nelson, and Italian Giuseppe Spalla. He boxed against Max Schmeling twice: the first time on December 26, 1924 in Cologne, losing by TKO in 4th round (disqualification ), and second time, in a rematch in Berlin, on April 3, 1925. The two men drew in 8 rounds. After these fights, he was Schmeling's sparring partner for a period of time. Boxing trainer While he lived in Vienna, Austria, he met a woman of Croat descent, Roza, whom he married. The couple moved to Zagreb, Croatia in the 1930s. There, he opened his boxing school in Ilica street. At the age of 33, he ended his career as boxer. He trained many young boxers in several boxing clubs in Zagreb, starting with boxing club Croatia, and later with clubs Herkules, Makabi and Radnik. After a while, he became a friend with a neighboring tavern owner. He gave him his warehouse in Preradovićeva as a training hall. When the Independent State of Croatia was formed, its Minister of Sports, Miško Zebić talked Lyggett into training the Croatian national boxing team. He prepared the Croatian team for the cancelled 1940 Olympics. Lyggett was an anti-Communist. Before the end of the war, his brother invited him to return to the US. Finally he accepted the invitation and convinced his wife to move to the US. In 1945, they set off for the US via Italy. They waited for months the ship that would take them to United States. His wife got ill and died in Milan. Broken, Lyggett returned to America alone. His death place and death date are unclear. Some sources say that he died in US in 1955. Sources and references Jutarnji list Marin Penavić: Jimmy Lyggett, crnac na čelu boksačke reprezentacije NDH, Feb 2, 2010, accessed Sep 2, 2010 (pictures of Lyggett) External links Boxing Tko je Jimmy Lyggett? – An American Boxer in Zagreb, November 2, 2006 Google Books Peter Benson: Battling Siki: A Tale of Ring Fixes, Race, and Murder in the 1920s Category:1897 births Category:1955 deaths Category:American boxing trainers Category:Heavyweight boxers Category:African-American boxers Category:Sportspeople from Philadelphia Category:American male boxers Category:Boxers from Pennsylvania

Antonio Cinelli Antonio Cinelli (born 8 December 1989) is an Italian professional football player. He plays for Vicenza Virtus. Club career Lazio Born in Rome, capital of Lazio region (and Italy), Cinelli started his career at S.S. Lazio. He was sold to Sassuolo in a co-ownership deal in 2010 for €200,000, on a three-year contract. In June 2012 Lazio bought back the 50% registration rights of Cinelli for €30,000 fee, on an one-year contract. Vicenza Cinelli was signed by Serie B club Vicenza on 7 January 2013 on a free transfer. On 8 June 2015 Cinelli signed a new one-year contract with Vicenza. However, on 19 January 2016 Cinelli was transferred to Cagliari, for €100,000 transfer fee. Chievo On 19 July 2016 he was signed by Serie A club Chievo, on a three-year contract. His spell with Chievo was short-lived, which on 8 August he was transferred to Cesena on loan, with an obligation to buy; according to Chievo, the loan fee was €180,000. On 31 January 2017 Cinelli left for Novara on a temporary basis. Cesena and Chievo also canceled the obligation to buy. On 24 August 2017, Cinelli left for Serie B newcomers Cremonese on another loan. He was released from his Chievo contract by mutual consent on 6 November 2018. Return to Vicenza On 3 January 2019, he signed with Vicenza Virtus. References External links Category:1989 births Category:Sportspeople from Rome Category:Living people Category:Italian footballers Category:Association football midfielders Category:S.S. Lazio players Category:F.C. Lumezzane V.G.Z. A.S.D. players Category:U.S. Sassuolo Calcio players Category:F.C. Pavia players Category:L.R. Vicenza Virtus players Category:Cagliari Calcio players Category:A.C. Cesena players Category:Novara Calcio players Category:U.S. Cremonese players Category:Serie B players Category:Serie C players

John Ross (American patriot) John Ross (Tain, Ross, Scotland, 29 January 1726March 1800, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a merchant during the American Revolution. He early relocated to Perth, Scotland, and entered into mercantile pursuits, but in 1763 he came to Philadelphia, where he became a shipping merchant. At the beginning of the conflicts with the mother country, he espoused the cause of the colonies, and was a signer of the non-importation agreement of the citizens of Philadelphia in 1765. He presided at the meeting of the mechanics and tradesmen of the city held on June 9, 1774, to consider a letter from the artificers of New York, and was a member of the committee to reply to the same. On September 16, 1775, he was appointed muster-master of the Pennsylvania navy, which office he resigned, February 23, 1776, to concentrate on his commercial affairs. In May 1776, he was employed by the committee of commerce of Congress to purchase clothes, arms, and powder for the army. This necessitated the establishment of agencies in Nantes and Paris, and Ross made several visits to France during the war. In this duty he advanced or pledged his credit for £20,000 more than was authorized by Congress, much to his later embarrassment and subsequent loss. He was on familiar terms with George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Robert Morris, and several entries in General Washington's diary, during the sittings of the convention to frame the United States Constitution, tell of engagements to dine with Mr. Ross at his country place, Grange Farm or the Grange, named after the home of Lafayette. This farm was located on the old Haverford Road near Frankford in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. He bought the property, formerly called Clifton Hall, from his father-in-law, Capt. Charles Cruikshank, in 1783 and renamed it in honor of Lafayette's home in France. Note: Not to be confused with the John Ross (d. 1776) who was Betsy Ross's first husband. External links Ross's letters to William Temple Franklin Letters to Ross from Benjamin Franklin Link to Geo. Wash. diaries Category:1726 births Category:1800 deaths Category:People of Pennsylvania in the American Revolution Category:People from Ross and Cromarty Category:Patriots in the American Revolution Category:Colonial American merchants Category:People of colonial Pennsylvania Category:Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies

Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle The Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle (CERV) is a series of Chevrolet experimental cars. Chevrolet Staff engineer, designer, and race car driver Zora Arkus-Duntov started development of the CERV I in 1959, and began work on the CERV II in 1963. Chevrolet chief engineer Don Runkle and Lotus' Tony Rudd discussed creating a new show car to demonstrate their engineering expertise in 1985; It would become the CERV III. Corvette chief engineer Dave Hill unveiled the CERV IV in 1993, a test vehicle for the 1997 C5 Corvette. CERV I Zora Arkus-Duntov, Chevrolet staff engineer, designer, and race car driver, started development of the "CERV I" (Chevrolet Experimental Racing Vehicle) in 1959, which was unveiled to the public at the Riverside International Raceway November 1960, under the name "CERV I" (Chevrolet Experimental Research Vehicle). Overview CERV-I (Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle) was developed as a research tool for that company's continuous efforts to understand automotive ride and handling phenomena under the most realistic conditions. The car was built at the Chevrolet Engineering Center at Warren, Michigan. The primary function of the "CERV-1", was to provide Chevrolet engineers with a test platform from which direct visual studies were made from all types of ride and handling behavior under amplified conditions. The stated function of the "CERV-1" largely determines its concept and final configuration. In order to realistically amplify vehicle responses to handling and road stimuli, the performance capability of the vehicle must be extended far beyond that of regular passenger cars. In other words, a high power-to-weight ratio is mandatory. By such means, suspension phenomena that are extremely subtle, and thus difficult to isolate within the performance capabilities of a regular passenger car, may be studied and treated quantitatively with the "CERV-1". Another fundamental factor in the experimental car's design is the visibility afforded by the body design. The streamlined, abbreviated body encloses the engine, transaxle, engine cooling system, and provide an open cockpit for the driver, from which all four wheels, in contact with the ground, are clearly visible. Some broad features of the "CERV-I" are: extremely light weight to afford a horsepower-to-weight ratio such as that usually associated with high performance aircraft; rear mounted engine in unit with a fully synchronized four-speed transaxle; the only passenger, the driver, sits well forward on the centerline of the car for virtually optimum visibility, and all four wheels are independently suspended to provide a high order of stability and positive handling. The wheelbase is and the car weighs approximately 1600 pounds (726 kg), ready to run. The chassis is an extremely stiff frame of chrome-molybdenum steel tubes welded into a truss-like structure weighing approximately 125 pounds (57 kg). The lightweight body (approximately 80 pounds (36 kg)) is aerodynamically styled and fully encloses the underside of the car. The body is fabricated of a glass fiber reinforced plastic somewhat thinner than that used in the Corvette body. The wheels are completely exposed to permit visual observation of tire-to-road contact during handling studies. Powertrain Power for the "CERV-I" is supplied by a specially developed, lightweight version of the Chevrolet 283-cubic-inch. V-8 that develops and weighs only 350 pounds (159 kg). Such specific output, only one pound per horsepower, is rarely achieved in reciprocating engines, even in the most highly developed aircraft types. The dramatic reduction of weight was gained by using aluminum for the cylinder block, cylinder heads, water pump, starter motor body, flywheel, and clutch pressure plate. In the cylinder block, no bore liners are used and the pistons run directly on specially treated aluminum bores. Magnesium is used for the clutch housing, fuel injection manifold, and manifold adapter plate. Weight savings achieved through the use of lighter metals in the engine and clutch is in excess of 175 pounds (79 kg). A number of special design features help the engine to develop . A special fuel injection unit has ram tubes of larger cross section and 2510 longer than those of the regular production design. Individual exhaust pipes of a tuned length empty into large collector pipes and no mufflers are used. No cooling fan is required or used, and the water pump speed is reduced 30% by the use of a smaller crankshaft pulley. A small, 5-ampere generator is used in conjunction with a lightweight aircraft type battery In addition to the aluminum water pump mentioned previously, the engine cooling system consists of an aluminum radiator mounted forward of the driver, and two oil cooler radiators mounted one on each side of the main radiator. Power from the engine is transmitted in a conventional manner through the lightweight flywheel, clutch, and Corvette type four-speed transmission. Attaching directly to the rear end of the transmission case is the differential and final drive gear mechanism. A feature of the final drive gears is the ability to quickly change ratios so that vehicle performance can be as quickly tailored to a new environment. Power transmission to the wheels is completed through individual axle shafts with universal joints on each end, or a total of four in-all. In 1972, Hot Rod magazine tested a prototype Chevrolet Vega featuring the all-aluminum V8. The fitted engine was the last of several units used in the CERV I Corvette research and development in the late 1950s, bored out to for the Vega application. Hot Rods road test of the prototype with Turbo Hydramatic, stock Vega differential, and street tires yielded quarter mile (~400 m) times under 14 seconds. Suspension, steering, and brakes The interesting rear suspension permits independent action of each wheel. Vertical movements of the wheels are controlled by two links, in which the upper link doubles as the axle shaft; and a rod, rubber bushed on each end as the lower. A third link runs from each rear wheel hub forward to the frame to transmit driving and braking thrust. Variable rate coil springs unitized with direct, double-acting shock absorbers are diagonally mounted at each rear wheel. Adjustment provisions in the rear suspension linkage permit variations in camber and toe-in to facilitate engineering studies. Front suspension is independent with high roll center geometry, and also utilizes unitized variable rate coil springs and shock absorbers as in the rear suspension. An 11/16" stabilizer bar interconnects the front wheels. The independent rear suspension design became the basis of the 1963 Corvette Sting Ray suspension. So that weight distribution during tests shall vary little if any, two fuel cells of rubber construction and total capacity of 20 gallons, are located on either side of the "CERV-I" at approximately the fore and aft location of the center of gravity. Thus, the amount of fuel in the tanks at any given moment will have virtually no effect on weight distribution. Brakes on the "CERV-I" are similar to the HD type available on the Chevrolet Corvette. Sintered iron linings are used with fin cooled drums, and the brake drum webs are lightened by drilled lightening holes which also permit the flow of cooling air. The brake drums are cast aluminum with cast-in iron braking surfaces. The rear brakes are inboard mounted next to the differential so that braking torque is transmitted directly to the frame without influencing any of the rear wheel articulating members. Braking effort distribution is 57% front and 43% rear to take advantage of the superior braking characteristics of the weight distribution afforded by the rear engine type vehicle. The brakes may be actuated by either one of two pedals so that the driver may use either foot depending on the particular driving situation. An unusual brake master cylinder utilizes two pistons operating in series so that it either the front or rear brakes fail the remaining brakes can be actuated. The steering system features a high-efficiency re-circulating ball type steering gear of 12:1 ratio. Steering linkage is forward mounted and is of a balanced relay link type. The overall steering ratio is a very fast 13.5:1 and only 2 1/4 turns of the steering wheel are required from lock-to-lock. Wheels are of cast magnesium alloy with knock-off hubs to facilitate quick changing. Wheels of 15", 16", 17" and 18" diameters with rim width of 5½", 6", and 8" are used. The car is currently on display in Detroit, Michigan at the Renaissance Center on level A within the GM World display space. CERV II Zora Arkus-Duntov began work on the CERV II in 1963, which was completed in 1964. The original plan was to build six cars, three for competition and three spares. The body was styled by Larry Shinoda and Tony Lapine. To achieve superior performance, the car was built on a monocoque chassis, powered by a 377 ci all-aluminum SOHC V8 with Hilborn injection rated at . Some test results indicated it had a top speed of , and 0-60 mph in 2.8 to 3.0 seconds. Transmission is a 2-speed on each of the front and rear axles, with transferable torque between axles. The top speed was reported by Victory By Design to be . In 1970, CERV II was used to test tire with a ZL-1 engine. This vehicle and the CERV I were later donated to the Briggs Cunningham Museum, in Costa Mesa, California. The 1964 CERV II chassis number P-3910 (with engine number T1212E 2-92199-A, previously owned by the Briggs Cunningham Museum, Miles Collier Jr., John Moores) was sold in 2013 RM New York auction for $1,000,000 ($1,100,000 after buyer's premium). CERV III The project would become the CERV III (Corporate Engineering Research Vehicle III) was first unveiled at Detroit Automobile Show in January 1986 as the Corvette Indy prototype car. The vehicle featured 4-wheel drive, 4-wheel steering, and CRT cockpit screens. The vehicle was styled by Chief of Chevy III Studio, Jerry Palmer. In January 1990, CERV III (No. 3) made its debut at the International Auto Show in Detroit. The car's mid-mounted V-8 is a 5.7-liter 32-valve, dual-overhead cam LT5, with twin turbos and internal modifications, giving it , - torque, and a top speed of . The car was made of carbon fiber with a fiberglass-finish coating, with estimated price of $300k-400k. Other standard features include computer-controlled active suspension system, ABS braking and traction control, six-speed automatic transmission, all-wheel-drive and four-wheel steering along with a fully multiplexed electrical architecture. CERV III (No. 3) is a playable car in the PC game Test Drive III, under the name 'Chevrolet Cerv III', where CERV means 'Corporate Experimental Research Vehicle'. 1986 Chevrolet Corvette Indy Concept images from the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Kentucky. CERV-IV On December 1992, General Motors' Corvette group secretly contracted with TDM, Inc. to build a test car of the 1997 Corvette, which was officially called CERV-4 (Corvette Engineering Research Vehicle). The Corvette group directed the project, with the Chevrolet division paying for it. General Motors management was not told about it, for fear of cancellation. It was unveiled by Corvette chief engineer Dave Hill on 1993-5-3 at the General Motors Technical Center in Warren. The build cost was about US$1.2 million. CERV IV-B (1997) It was a test mule vehicle for the upcoming Chevrolet Corvette C5. It includes 5.7L LT-1 V8 engine, 6-speed manual transmission axle, 4-wheel disc brakes, front 255/45ZR17 and rear 285/40ZR17 tires on BBS basket wheels, side curtains, no side window glass, and a modified production interior. The vehicle was sold in 2009 Barrett-Jackson Palm Beach auction for $34000 (before buyer premium). This car is currently on display in Effingham, IL at the MY Garage Museum owned by Michael and Blake Yager. References External links Chronology of Events in the History of Corvettes Chevrolet Corvette CERV specifications: CERV I, CERV II, CERV III CERV CERV

...And a Time to Dance ...And a Time to Dance is a 1983 EP by Los Lobos. It was co-produced by T-Bone Burnett and Steve Berlin (not yet a full-time member of the band) and was the band's first release on Slash Records. The EP brought the band its first wide acclaim. It was voted best EP of the year in the Village Voice'''s influential Pazz & Jop critics poll. Critic Robert Christgau gave the record an "A-" in his Consumer Guide, calling it "good old rock and roll East L.A. style." Trouser Press raved about "a spicy romp (in two languages) back and forth across musical borders few can traverse with such ease," while Rolling Stone'' called it "an infectious dance record that deserves to be heard by rock fans." The track "Anselma" won the first Grammy Award for Best Mexican-American Performance. The album was mixed and recorded entirely digitally. Track listing Personnel David Hidalgo – guitar, accordion, vocals Cesar Rosas – guitar, bajo sexto, vocals Louie Pérez – drums, vocals Conrad Lozano – bass, vocals, guitarrón Additional personnel Steve Berlin – saxophones References Category:Los Lobos EPs Category:1983 EPs Category:Albums produced by T Bone Burnett Category:Rough Trade Records EPs Category:Slash Records EPs

Alpine skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's slalom The men's slalom competition of the 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi was held at Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort near Krasnaya Polyana, Russia, on Saturday, 22 February. Summary The tenth and final alpine event of the Olympics, the two runs were held in spring-like conditions. The temperature at the starting gate for the first run exceeded and for the second run at night. Of the top eight times after the first run, five did not finish the second run (André Myhrer, Jean-Baptiste Grange, Ted Ligety, Felix Neureuther, and Alexis Pinturault), which spawned criticism of the course. The second run was set by Ante Kostelić, known for idiosyncratic gate settings. He is the father of competitor Ivica Kostelić of Croatia, who finished ninth. Less than seven weeks shy of his 35th birthday, Mario Matt of Austria became the oldest gold medalist in Olympic alpine skiing history. The silver went to defending World Cup champion Marcel Hirscher, and Henrik Kristoffersen became the youngest male to medal in an Olympic alpine event at age 19. Results The first run was held at 16:45 and the second run at 20:15. References External links FIS-Ski.com – 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's slalom Slalom

Arctia brachyptera Arctia brachyptera, the Kluane Tiger Moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Troubridge and Lafontaine in 2000 and is only known from the Yukon in Canada. It occurs in alpine tundra of the St. Elias Mountains. The length of the forewings is about 18 mm. The forewings are mouse brown with off white adbasal, basal, medial, postmedial and subterminal lines. The hindwings are pinkish orange to pinkish brown. Adults have been recorded in late June. Etymology The species name refers to the reduced wing size of the female. References Category:Moths described in 2000 Category:Arctiina Category:Moths of Canada

Steve Austin (runner) Stephen John "Steve" Austin (born 14 February 1951) is an Australian athlete. He competed in the 5000m and 10000m at the 1980 Summer Olympics. References Category:1951 births Category:Living people Category:Australian male long-distance runners Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic athletes of Australia

Renaissance Ballroom & Casino The Renaissance Ballroom & Casino was originally, when built in 1921, a New York City complex that included a casino, ballroom, 900-seat theater, six retail stores, and a basketball arena. It was located in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan at 2341–2349 Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard, on the east-side of the boulevard between 137th and 138th Streets. The 7th Avenue frontage spanned the entire block. History The Renaissance Theatre Building, as it was originally named, opened January 1921. It was built and owned, until 1931, African Americans. It was known as the "Rennie" and was an upscale reception hall. The "Renny" held prize fights, dance marathons, film screenings, concerts, and stage acts. It was also a meeting place for social clubs and political organizations in Harlem. They gathered to dance the popular dances at the time, the Charleston, Lindy Hop, and Black Bottom, to live music performed by well known jazz musicians. Jazz artists such as Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Cootie Williams, and Ella Fitzgerald performed at the "Renny". In the 1920s the Renaissance Ballroom was known as a "Black Mecca". It hosted Joe Louis fights. The ballroom was on the second floor of the entertainment complex. The "Renny" was a significant entertainment center during the Harlem Renaissance, and the New Negro Movement in Harlem. When African American culture and art flourished. historically important structure helped usher in the decade-long period of African American cultural and artistic flourishing, which at the time was known as the New Negro Movement. William H. Roach from Antigua, Cleophus Charity and Joseph H. Sweeney from Montserrat were the founding builders of the Renaissance Complex. They were members of Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Developers, owners, and operators The African-American owned and operated firm, The Sarco Realty & Holding Company, Inc., raised the funds for the project by selling shares to the public, initially, in February 1920, at 10¢ a share. Sarco's executive directors were William H. Roach, president and general manager; Cleo Charity (1889–1964), vice-president and treasurer; Cornelius Charity, second vice-president; and Joseph Henry Sweeney (1889–1932), secretary. The other directors were John Blake, Edmund Osborne, Shervington Lee, and Edward B. Lynch. Sarco Realty and the R. Holding Company, of which Roach was also President, purchased the land. Sarco contracted Isaac A. Hopper's Sons to erect the Renaissance Theatre building, at a cost of $175,000. Sarco Realty owned and managed the building until 1931. And, Sarco Realty owned and operated the Renaissance Casino and Theatre until 1931. Original design The Renaissance was designed by Harry Creighton Ingalls, who also designed the Henry Miller and Little Theatres in the Theater District. The design was Moorish with glazed tile and palladian windows. The complex had a ballroom, a billiard parlor, stores, and a restaurant called China House. There was a basketball team known as Harlem Rens. The theater had 900-seats and featured movies by Oscar Micheaux, the first African American to produce feature-length films. It was used by the N.A.A.C.P for an Anti-lynching movement meeting in 1923. Neighborhood of historic jazz venues The Renaissance Ballroom was one of several legendary Harlem jazz venues in the 1920s. Others included the Uptown Cotton Club, Connie's Inn, and the Savoy Ballroom. The "Rennie" was open to African-Americans, while some of the other well clubs in Harlem did not cater to African Americans. Notable events and mementos In 1953, David Dinkins — who served as the first African American mayor of New York from 1990 to 1993 — had his wedding reception at the Renaissance. In the 1990s, the location was used in Spike Lee's film Jungle Fever as a backdrop for a crack den. Cessation of operations The Renaissance Complex closed in 1979. In 1989, The Renny was purchased by the Abyssinian Development Corporation, an organization established in 1989 as a nonprofit corporation. Abyssinian Development Corporation had planned to restore the "Renny," which it did not do. In 1991 attempts were made for the Renaissance to become a landmark by the Landmarks Preservation Commission. It was agreed on but it did not happen. Recent and current use In May 2014 from Abyssinian Development Corporation sold the Renaissance Complex for $15 million. In 2015 BRP a New York-based developer secured a construction loan from Santander Bank for $53.2 million for the development of a mixed-income residential rental complex. The new building, called "The Renny," has an LEED-Silver certification with ecological structure features such as solar panels, a green roof, an energy-efficient boiler and water-saving plumbing Community criticism of current use Prior to commencing the construction of the new Renny in 2015, Harlem residents expressed concerns that the new structure (i) would not improve the African American community in that area of Harlem and (ii) would destroy an important building related to the history of Harlem and an important to the history of the U.S. Notes and references Notes References External links Save the Renaissance Ballroom - Claude Johnson Black Fives Norma Miller - The Savoy Ballroom Harlem Foxtrot (Swing Walk) at the Savoy Ballroom Sugar Sullivan "Renaissance Theatre" at Cinema Treasures Category:Harlem Category:Nightclubs in Manhattan Category:Defunct drinking establishments in Manhattan Category:Defunct buildings and structures in Manhattan Category:History of Manhattan Category:Cultural history of New York City Category:Former music venues in New York City Category:Music of New York City Category:African-American history in New York City Category:1924 establishments in New York (state) Category:1979 disestablishments in New York (state) Category:Jazz clubs in Harlem Category:Music venues completed in 1924 Category:1920s in the United States Category:Defunct jazz clubs in the United States Category:Defunct nightclubs in the United States Category:Lindy Hop

Nomadic center Nomadic center (, also Romanized as Maḥal Chādarhāy ʿAshāīry Dū Rāhī Pakht) is a village and nomadic center in Momenabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sarbisheh County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 30, in 9 families. References Category:Populated places in Sarbisheh County

Dichomeris enoptrias Dichomeris enoptrias is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Meyrick in 1911. It is found in India (Assam). The wingspan is 14–16 mm. The forewings are bronzy-fuscous with a very broad leaden-metallic streak along the costa from the base to one-third, and one less broad along the dorsum from the base to near the middle, confluent at the base, and with their posterior extremities connected by an angulated bar. There is also a broad slightly curved leaden-metallic fascia from the middle of costa to two-thirds of the dorsum, as well as an oblique white strigula on the costa at two-thirds. A broad leaden-metallic terminal fascia is narrowed to the tornus, marked with a whitish-ochreous dash from the apex. The hindwings are dark fuscous, more blackish-fuscous posteriorly. References Category:Moths described in 1911 Category:Dichomeris

Morne Diablotin National Park Morne Diablotin National Park is a national park in the northern mountain ranges of Dominica, an island nation in the Caribbean. The park comprises 8,242 acres, amounting to 4.4% of the nation's area. It was established in January 2000, primarily to protect the habitat of the endangered sisserou parrot, an endemic bird species that is a national symbol of Dominica. The park is home to 1,447-meter high Morne Diablotin, the tallest mountain on the island and the second highest mountain in the Lesser Antilles. During the 18th century, the land was home to at least six different encampments of escaped slaves. Dr. John Imray, a Scottish physician, completed the first recorded scaling of Morne Diablotin in 1867. Today, the park is home to 18 different avian species. References Category:National parks of Dominica Category:Protected areas established in 2000

North Mississippi State Hospital North Mississippi State Hospital (NMSH) is a 50-bed acute care mental hospital of the Mississippi Department of Mental Health located in Tupelo, Mississippi. In 1995 the Mississippi State Legislature passed House Bill 960, authorizing the construction of NMSH. The groundbreaking ceremony occurred on Thursday, December 19, 1996. The hospital opened in April 1999. NMSH was the first state-operated psychiatric facility to open in over 100 years prior to 1996. The hospital, with about 100 employees, is a regional facility. NMSH serves Alcorn, Benton, Calhoun, Chickasaw, Desoto, Itawamba, Lafayette, Lee, Marshall, Monroe, Panola, Prentiss, Pontotoc, Tate, Tippah, Tishomingo, and Yalobusha counties. References External links North Mississippi State Hospital Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1999 Category:Buildings and structures in Tupelo, Mississippi Category:Psychiatric hospitals in Mississippi

Rashad Moore Glenn Rashad Moore (born March 16, 1979 in Huntsville, Alabama) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was originally drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the sixth round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tennessee. Moore has also been a member of the Oakland Raiders, New York Jets, New England Patriots, and the Atlanta Falcons in his career. Early years Moore attended Johnson High School in Huntsville, Alabama and was a student and a letterman in football and basketball. In football, as a senior, he posted 65 tackles, 10.5 sacks, and three fumble recoveries. In basketball, he was an All-Metropolitan selection and an All-Area selection. College career From 1998 through 2002 Moore attended the University of Tennessee. He played at defensive tackle the last four years (1999–2002) and totaled 95 tackles and 3.5 sacks. He majored in Psychology. Professional career In 2003 the Seattle Seahawks drafted Moore in the sixth round (183rd overall) of the 2003 NFL Draft. In his rookie season he played in 14 games and made 30 total tackles and one sack. The next season (2004), he played in all sixteen of the Seahawks' regular season games and made 46 total tackles and two sacks. After completing the team's 2005 training camp, Moore was released from the team. He did not play for any team in 2005. In 2006, he was signed by the New York Jets and he played in thirteen games, making 10 total tackles. On June 8, 2007 the New England Patriots signed Moore to a contract. He played with the team in all four of the 2007 preseason games before being released on September 1, 2007 in the teams final roster cutdown. On December 19, 2007 the Patriots re-signed him. On March 7, 2008, he signed with the Atlanta Falcons. References External links Atlanta Falcons bio New England Patriots bio New York Jets bio Category:1979 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Huntsville, Alabama Category:American football defensive tackles Category:Tennessee Volunteers football players Category:Seattle Seahawks players Category:Oakland Raiders players Category:New York Jets players Category:New England Patriots players Category:Atlanta Falcons players

Greenbelt Festival Greenbelt Festival is a festival of arts, faith and justice held annually in England since 1974. Greenbelt has grown from a Christian music festival with an audience of 1,500 young Christians to its current more inclusive festival attended by around 20,000 - Christians and those from other faiths and none. The festival regularly attracts the biggest names of Christian music and many mainstream musicians. Those that have played the festival in the past include both new and established musicians, mostly playing rock, folk and pop music. This list encompasses The Alarm, U2, Moby, Pussy Riot, Cliff Richard, Bruce Cockburn, Ed Sheeran, Martyn Joseph, Steve Taylor, Daniel Amos, Phatfish, Servant, Midnight Oil, Michael Franti and Spearhead, Over the Rhine, Iona, Amy Grant, Miles Cain, Lamb, Kevin Max, Lambchop, Goldie, Jamelia, After the Fire, Larry Norman, Randy Stonehill, Asian Dub Foundation, The Polyphonic Spree, Aqualung, Dum Dums, The Proclaimers, Daniel Bedingfield, Eden Burning, Duke Special, Why?, Athlete, Sixpence None the Richer, The Choir, and Delirious?. Greenbelt is also a venue for teaching and discussion about (but not exclusively within) the Christian faith, and has attracted a large number of famous Christian speakers, including Rowan Williams (the former Archbishop of Canterbury) who is currently the festival's patron. However, the festival also welcomes anyone who the organisers believe 'speaks for justice', and has recently had Anita Roddick, Peter Tatchell, Bill Drummond and Billy Bragg sharing their thoughts. Greenbelt sees itself as having never been shy of tackling controversial issues and providing a 'safe space for honest debate'. More recently with its links to the NGO Christian Aid, Greenbelt has become heavily involved in campaigns for trade justice. The festival was one of the main catalysts for the huge Jubilee 2000 movement. Greenbelt is also a Christian showcase for performing arts, visual arts and alternative worship. History Greenbelt is a nomadic festival which has so far been held at seven different locations in England. While the venue has changed, the core event has remained the same: a celebration of faith, justice and arts with a particular Christian perspective. The first Greenbelt Festival was held on a pig farm just outside the village of Charsfield near Woodbridge, Suffolk over the August 1974 bank holiday weekend, begun by Jim Palosaari, Kenneth Frampton, and James Holloway. Local fears concerning the festival in the weeks running up to it proved to be unfounded, but the festival didn't return to the venue. Between 1975 and 1981 the festival was held in the grounds of Odell Castle in Bedfordshire. The largest audiences for Greenbelt were during its two-year stay at Knebworth Park in Hertfordshire, 1982 and 1983. 1984 saw Greenbelt move to one of its longest-serving homes, Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire. While at Castle Ashby, Greenbelt began the practice of adopting an annual theme for the festival. Artists are encouraged to draw from the theme where possible. Originally the 1992 festival was expected to be held at a new, permanent home on a farm a few miles away in Church Stowe. Greenbelt had finances in place to purchase the site, but met strong resistance from local residents. The plans collapsed and the festival returned to Castle Ashby one last time. From 1993 to 1998 Greenbelt's home was the grounds of Deene Park, Northamptonshire. Putting the plan to purchase a permanent site on hold, Greenbelt instead negotiated with Deene Park's owner and invested in infrastructure improvements to this temporary site instead. Following a downturn in audience figures and rising production costs, Greenbelt faced up to the inevitable in 1998: it was no longer financially viable to continue using the Deene Park site. A bold plan was devised. The 1998 event was pitched as the "last Greenbelt of its kind", with two festivals planned for 1999: a youth-oriented event "Freestate" in partnership with Spring Harvest to be held the August Bank Holiday weekend and a more family-oriented "Greenbelt" to be held over the last weekend in July at Cheltenham Racecourse. In early 1999 plans for Freestate collapsed and its embryonic programme was hastily rolled into the Greenbelt planned for Cheltenham. The 1999 Greenbelt Festival took place at Cheltenham but saw the lowest audiences since the 1970s. It remains the only Greenbelt to have taken place other than on an August Bank Holiday weekend. Greenbelt emerged from its financial difficulties in the early 2000s with ever-increasing audiences for festivals held at Cheltenham. Today Greenbelt sees audiences comparable in numbers to those of its "glory days" in the early 1980s, and, although there is constant tension between its faith-based origins and a more exploratory attitude to engaging with the world, the perspective of the festival remains one rooted in the Christian tradition. In 2014 Greenbelt moved to Boughton House, Northamptonshire, due to the planned redevelopment of Cheltenham Racecourse, as well as part of the site being unusable after severe weather during the 2012 festival caused flash flooding across parts of the racecourse. Since the move the festival has been scaled back after a drop in numbers and possibly due to the related loss of finances. A family of festivals Greenbelt's vision is to be at the collision of arts, justice and faith. With the organisation's blessing, three other events have taken the same blueprint and created festivals along similar lines in other countries. The Solas Festival has been held in Scotland annually since 2010. The following year saw the first Wild Goose Festival in the United States, and in 2013 the Bet Lahem Live festival joined the informal family, All events are run independently, with their own local flavour while acknowledging inspiration from Greenbelt. Organisation Greenbelt is a registered charity and incorporated at Companies House. It is overseen by a board of trustees/directors who are responsible for its governance. A small staff team is supplemented by a large base of volunteers and a number of subcontractors. Reactions These can be favourable amongst the initiated or quite negative. The Guardian sent Jessica Reed, a self-proclaimed atheist, to see. Expecting to be turned off from the outset she mellowed to the point of admitting she became almost but finally finding that the evangelism "lurked" under the surface, she left. The experience of an outdoor event has all its own attractions. A Huffington Post report said, "How progressive politics, music and religion combine to make a festival where the loos are lovely and the people properly nice". The mix of Christians, environmental campaigners, Muslim clerics and atheists make this a heady mix, "The 700 Club at play it ain't." Locations, themes and contributors Photo gallery Footnotes References External links Greenbelt official site Photos of Greenbelt 2007 from BBC Gloucestershire Category:Music festivals in England Category:Christian music festivals Category:Recurring events established in 1974 Category:Music festivals established in 1974

1900–01 Copa Macaya The 1900–01 Copa Macaya was the 1st staging of the Copa Macaya. The competition began on 20 January 1901 and ended on 14 April. Table Results External links Federació Catalana de Futbol CIHEFE Category:Copa Catalunya seasons

Marsha Waggoner Marsha Waggoner (born January 11, 1940 in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) is an American professional poker player who lives in Las Vegas, Nevada. Waggoner has finished in the money at 20 World Series of Poker (WSOP) events as of 2010. Her highest WSOP finish was 2nd place in the 23rd Annual WSOP tournament in Limit 7 Card Stud Hi/Lo, for which she won $52,500. Poker career Background In 1976, as a casino dealer in Sydney, Waggoner discovered a talent for stud poker, and in 1977, moved to Reno, Nevada to pursue poker professionally. Most of her experience up until this point was in cash games, however her interest in tournament games was piqued when Amarillo Slim brought the Second Annual Poker Classic to Reno in 1980. Waggoner stayed in Reno until the mid-1980s, at which point she moved to Las Vegas, quickly demonstrating her ability at tournament Texas Hold 'em and Seven-Card Stud events. In 1987, Waggoner moved to California while continuing to play professionally. It was around this time that Waggoner began to establish herself as "a solid and patient tournament player whose results continually proved she belonged in the game's upper echelons". In 2008, she was one of four inaugural inductees into the Women in Poker Hall of Fame at Binion's Gambling Hall and Hotel in Las Vegas. In 2010, she was inducted into the Australian Poker Hall of Fame. Results Waggoner’s best tournament placing was winning the 2003 National Championship of Poker, playing in the Limit 7 Card Stud Hi/Lo event, a low limit buy in at Hollywood Park Casino. In 2005, Waggoner was invited to play in the World Poker Tour’s third annual Legends of Poker Ladies Night tournament at the Bicycle Casino, and finished third in one event of the 2006 Ultimate Poker Challenge. As of 2010, her total live tournament winnings exceed $830,000. Personal life Waggoner is currently single; in 2008 she separated from fellow poker professional Kenna James, whom she met at the Hollywood Park Casino in 1997. She has three children from a previous marriage and five grandchildren, and enjoys playing golf and dancing. Although she has lived in America for more than 30 years, Waggoner still visits her home country regularly to compete in poker tournaments (such as the Aussie Millions) and see her extended family. Waggoner's brother is the noted former Australian photojournalist Jim Fenwick. References External links Poker Pages profile Poker Listings biography Category:1940 births Category:American poker players Category:Female poker players Category:Living people Category:American people of Australian descent Category:Australian poker players Category:Super Bowl of Poker event winners

Seaman A. Knapp Seaman Asahel Knapp (December 16, 1833 – April 1, 1911) was a Union College graduate, Phi Beta Kappa member, physician, college instructor, and, later, administrator, who took up farming late in life, moving to Iowa to raise general crops and livestock. The first seeds of what would later become an abiding interest in farm demonstration were planted after he became active in an organization called "The Teachers of Agriculture," attending their meetings at the Michigan Agricultural College in 1881 and the Iowa Agricultural College in 1882. Knapp was so impressed with this teaching method that he drafted a bill for the establishment of experimental research stations, which later was introduced to the 47th Congress, laying the foundation for a nationwide network of agricultural experiment stations. Knapp later served as the second president of Iowa Agricultural College from 1883 to 1884, but his interest in agricultural demonstration work did not occur until 1886, when he moved to Louisiana and began developing a large tract of agricultural land in the western part of this state. He founded Vinton, Louisiana, naming the town after his hometown Vinton, Iowa. Knapp could neither persuade local farmers to adopt the techniques he had perfected on his farm nor enlist farmers from the North to move to the region to serve collectively as a sort of educational catalyst. What he could do, he reasoned, was to provide incentives for farmers to settle in each township with the proviso that each, in turn, would demonstrate to other farmers what could be done by adopting his improved farming methods. The concept worked. Northern farmers began moving into the region, and native farmers began buying into Knapp's methods. By 1902, Knapp was employed by the government to promote good agricultural practices in the South. Based on his own experience, Knapp was convinced that demonstrations carried out by farmers themselves were the most effective way to disseminate good farming methods. His efforts were aided by the onslaught of the boll weevil, a voracious cotton pest whose presence was felt not only in Louisiana but also throughout much of the South. Damage associated with this pest instilled fear among many merchants and growers that the cotton economy would disintegrate around them. In the view of many, a farm demonstration at the Walter G. Porter farm, now a National Historic Landmark in Terrell, Texas, set up by the Department of Agriculture at the urging of concerned merchants and growers, was the first in a series of steps that eventually led to passage of the legislation that formalize Cooperative Extension work. USDA officials were so impressed with the success of this demonstration that they appropriated $250,000 to combat the weevil — a measure that also involved the hiring of farm demonstration agents. By 1904, some 20 agents were employed in Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas. The movement also appeared to be spreading to neighboring Mississippi and Alabama. Knapp is commemorated in Washington, D.C. by a bridge linking the U.S. Department of Agriculture Administration Building to the U.S. Department of Agriculture South Building across Independence Avenue. He is interred at Iowa State University Cemetery, Ames, Story, Iowa, USA, (see 'find-a-grave; Seaman Asahel Knapp'). Bradford Knapp, a son of Seaman Knapp, was the President of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, now known as Auburn University from 1928 to 1933 and the second president of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. See also Kenyon L. Butterfield References External links Category:American agronomists Category:Alabama Cooperative Extension System Category:1831 births Category:1911 deaths Category:Union College (New York) alumni Category:Presidents of Iowa State University Category:People from Vinton, Iowa Category:People from Vinton, Louisiana Category:People from Essex County, New York Category:Scientists from New York (state)

Lycium brevipes Lycium brevipes is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family known by the common name Baja desert-thorn. It is native to northwestern Mexico and it occurs in California as far as the Sonoran Desert as well as some of the Channel Islands. It grows in the scrub of desert and coastline. It is also used as a southwestern landscaping plant. This is a bushy, spreading shrub approaching a maximum height of with many long, thorny, tangled branches. The branches are lined with small, fleshy green leaves up to long and coated with glandular hairs. The inflorescence is a small cluster of tubular flowers roughly long including the calyx of sepals at the base. The lavender to nearly white corolla is funnel-shaped and has 2 to 6 lobes at the mouth. The five stamens and one style protrude from the flower. The fruit is a bright red spherical berry about a centimeter wide containing many seeds. The berries attract birds. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment brevipes

Uniontown Historic District Uniontown Historic District may refer to: Uniontown Historic District (Uniontown, Alabama) Uniontown Historic District (Uniontown, Maryland)

Stephen Brown (composer) Stephen John Brown (born August 16, 1948) is a Canadian composer. He holds ARCT Diplomas in both Theory and Composition from the Royal Conservatory of Music and is an Associate of the Canadian Music Centre. Brown, composer-in-residence, at the Victoria Conservatory of Music, British Columbia, was the Composition and Theory Department Head, and an examination designer and syllabus design consultant for the Royal Conservatory of Music of Toronto. He served as a juror for the British Columbia Arts Council (performance & composition), and is a clinician and adjudicator in Western Canada. References External links www.stephenbrown.ca Official website Category:1948 births Category:20th-century classical composers Category:21st-century classical composers Category:Canadian classical composers Category:People from Nottingham Category:Living people Category:The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni Category:Canadian male classical composers Category:20th-century Canadian composers Category:20th-century Canadian male musicians Category:21st-century Canadian male musicians

Puerto de las Nieves Puerto de las Nieves is a fishing village on the north-western coast of Gran Canaria, and the port of the town Agaete at a few kilometres' distance. Ferries leave five times a day for Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The crossing takes 80 minutes with catamarans. Galleri Category:Populated places in Gran Canaria Category:Transport in the Canary Islands Category:Transport in Gran Canaria

Bill Schuck Bill Schuck is a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives. References Category:Ohio Republicans Category:Members of the Ohio House of Representatives Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Tokugawa Mochinaga was a Japanese samurai who was an influential figure of the Bakumatsu period. His childhood name was Shizasaburo (鎮三郎). Biography The son of Matsudaira Yoshitatsu of Takasu han, his brothers included the famous Matsudaira Katamori, Matsudaira Sadaaki, and Tokugawa Yoshikatsu. Together, the four men were known as the Takasu yon-kyōdai 高須四兄弟, or "Four Brothers of Takasu". First serving as daimyō of his native Takasu Domain, and then the Owari Domain, Mochiharu retired before succeeding to the headship of the Hitotsubashi branch of the Tokugawa house. An important figure in the Bakumatsu period, he eventually retired the Hitotsubashi headship in favor of his son Satomichi. Family Father: Matsudaira Yoshitatsu (1800-1862) Mother: Norihime, daughter of Tokugawa Harutoshi Wife: Masahime, daughter of Niwa Nagatomi Children: Matsudaira Yoshimasa (1858-1860) by Masahime Tokugawa Satomichi by Masahime References Notes Further reading Hitotsubashi genealogy Bolitho, Harold. The Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1862–1868. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1980. |- |- Category:1831 births Category:1884 deaths Category:Lords of Owari Category:Meiji Restoration Category:Owari-Tokugawa family Category:Owarirenshi-Matsudaira clan

Ouéoulo Ouéoulo is a village in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Grand-Béréby, San-Pédro Department, San-Pédro Region, Bas-Sassandra District. Ouéoulo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished. Notes Category:Former communes of Ivory Coast Category:Populated places in Bas-Sassandra District Category:Populated places in San-Pédro Region

Bainbridge Island Review The Bainbridge Island Review is a Friday newspaper in Bainbridge Island, Washington. The Review is primarily focused on Bainbridge Island and its communities; the island population is 22,000. The Review publishes news daily on BainbridgeReview.com. The Review is part of Sound Publishing's Kitsap News Group. The Review has won numerous awards for General Excellence in contests presented by the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association and the national Local Media Association. In addition, the Review regularly wins honors for news and sports reporting, feature writing, photography, and page design. The Woodwards and Japanese internment In 1942, Bainbridge islanders of Japanese ancestry were the first in the United States to be relocated to internment camps. The Review was the only English-language newspaper on the West Coast to openly criticize President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066. Milly and Walt Woodward, the owners and editors of the Review, continued advocating for members of the community who were interned, and hired several as correspondents. These correspondents reported on camp events for publication in the Review. A Bainbridge Island school, Woodward Middle School is named in honor of Milly Woodward. References External links Bainbridge Island Review Kitsap History, Bainbridge Review, 1941-1946 Category:Bainbridge Island, Washington Review Category:Black Press

Huang Shujing Huáng Shújǐng (黃叔璥) was the first Imperial High Commissioner to Taiwan (1722). A Beijinger, he was sent by the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Empire, during whose reign Taiwan was annexed in 1684. He recorded his findings in Táihǎi shǐ chá lù (臺海使槎錄 "Records from the mission to Taiwan and its Strait"). Works Category:Qing dynasty diplomats Category:1682 births Category:1758 deaths Category:Political office-holders in Taiwan Category:Qing dynasty politicians from Beijing Category:Taiwanese people from Beijing Category:Qing dynasty High Commissioners

Te Tai Tokerau Te Tai Tokerau is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was created out of the Northern Maori electorate ahead of the first Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) election in 1996. It was first held by Tau Henare representing New Zealand First for one term, and then Dover Samuels of the Labour Party for two terms. From 2005 to 2014, it was held by MP Hone Harawira. Initially a member of the Māori Party, Harawira resigned from both the party and then Parliament, causing the 2011 by-election. He was returned under the Mana Party banner in July 2011 and confirmed at the November 2011 general election. In the , he was beaten by Labour's Kelvin Davis, ending the representation of the Mana Party in Parliament. Population centres Te Tai Tokerau's boundaries are similar to those of the pre-Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) Northern Maori electorate. Te Tai Tokerau was created ahead of the first MMP election in 1996. In the 2002 boundary redistribution, the size of the electorate shrank to make room for an increase in the number of Māori electorates from six to seven. The boundaries were not further altered in the 2007 or 2013/14 redistributions. Te Tai Tokerau is the northernmost Māori electorate, and covers an area between Cape Reinga in the Far North of the North Island to a boundary cutting through West Auckland. The major population centres are Whangarei, the Bay of Islands and north and west Auckland. The electorate contains all of the Ngāpuhi, Te Aupōuri, Ngāti Kuri, Te Rarawa and Ngāti Kahu tribal areas, and part of Ngāti Whātua's territory (rohe). Its analogous general electorates are , , , , , , , , most of , part of and some of the islands located within . History Northern Maori had been held by the Labour Party since the 1938 election, when longstanding Reform MP Taurekareka Henare was beaten by Labour's Paraire Karaka Paikea. In 1993, after 55 years of his party holding the seat, Labour MP Bruce Gregory was beaten by Henare's great grandson, Tau Henare, standing for New Zealand First, ending Labour's unbroken hold on the four Māori seats. Henare went on to win Te Tai Tokerau after the switch to MMP, and New Zealand First won all five of the newly-drawn Māori electorates. After a tumultuous parliamentary term which saw all but one of the five New Zealand First Māori MPs defect to other parties, (including Henare himself, who went on to found Mauri Pacific), Labour won all six Māori electorates contested at the 1999 election. In Te Tai Tokerau, Tau Henare was beaten into third place behind the New Zealand First candidate and Dover Samuels, who Henare had beaten three years previous. However, Labour's losing the five Māori electorates in 1996 showed that the Māori vote was contestable for the first time in five decades, as the new electoral system coupled with the rise of small parties meant that non-Labour candidacy in these seats was more feasible than under First Past the Post. The New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy of 2004–05 proved to be the catalyst for the second challenge to Labour party domination of the Māori electorates, this time from the Māori Party. At the 2005 election, Samuels and three other Labour Māori MPs lost their seats to Māori Party challengers. In Te Tai Tokerau, the winner was Hone Harawira. Harawira resigned from the Māori Party in early 2011 and became an independent MP. On 11 May 2011, he resigned from Parliament effective 20 May, seeking a mandate for his new party, the Mana Party. This caused the 25 June 2011 by-election, which was contested by five parties, with the main contenders Harawira, Kelvin Davis (Labour Party) and Solomon Tipene (Māori Party). Harawira retained the electorate with a majority of 1,117, his previous majority being over 6,000. In the 2011 general election some months later, Harawira had a similar majority to Davis. The Mana Party formed a coalition with the Internet Party just prior to the 2014 New Zealand general election. The coalition was registered with the Electoral Commission as the Internet Party and Mana Movement in July 2014, allowing it to contest the party vote. The Internet Party was founded by controversial online millionaire Kim Dotcom, and this strategic coalition resulted in Harawira's main opponent, Labour's Kelvin Davis, getting endorsements from Winston Peters of New Zealand First and the Prime Minister, John Key of the National Party. Even the electorate's candidate for the Māori Party, Te Hira Paenga, reminded voters of the importance of strategic voting. In his fourth challenge in the Te Tai Tokerau electorate, Davis ousted the incumbent Harawira, which ended the representation of the Mana Party in Parliament. Members of Parliament Key List MPs Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Te Tai Tokerau. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections. 1Kelvin Davis also contested the Election results 2017 election 2014 election 2011 election 1Swings against both Harawira (Mana Party) and Shortland (Māori Party) are calculated against Harawira's Māori Party vote in Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 33,797 2011 by-election 2008 election 2005 election 2002 election 1999 election 1996 election References Category:Māori electorates Category:1996 establishments in New Zealand

International Union of Exhibitions and Fairs International Union of Exhibitions and Fairs (IUEF) is an association of the leading exhibition centres and trade show related companies from Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1991. External links IUEF website International Art Exhibition Category:Event management Category:International trade associations