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stanford-crfm

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heuristic_classification-filtered-pile-50M

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performed the experiment as well as drafted the manuscript; all data acquisition and analysis was also performed by RCY. MM participated with the biophotonic imaging and animal maintenance. JMF provided guidance with the submission process and drafting of the manuscript. PLR and STW aided in conception of the study, provided guidance and helped with experimental design. All authors have discussed the results and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ![VEGFR-2-Luc Reporter Gene Activity. VEGFR-2-*L*uc mediated gene expression in a mouse wound model. Mice were assigned to one of four treatment (groups n=8/group): safflower oil alone (Control), estradiol 17β (50µg/kg/d), methoxychlor low dose (30 mg/kg/d), and methoxychlor high dose (150 mg/kg/d). Luciferase activity (i.e., photons/second) was quantified using Living Image software. To detect photonic emission,/** * Created by zhuo on 2017/9/3. */ var menuDialog = new ListBox(5); menuDialog.textGroup = null; menuDialog.font = {font: "bold 25px Arial", fill: "#9AFF9A", boundsAlignH: "center", boundsAlignV: "middle"}; menuDialog.inited = false; menuDialog.init = function () { menuDialog.textGroup = game.add.group(); menuDialog.textGroup.visible = false; menuDialog.list = []; menuDialog.list.push(roleDialog.getMenuItem()); menuDialog.list.push(itemDialog.getMenuItem()); menuDialog.list.push(operItems.save); menuDialog.thePointer = 0; menuDialog.displayListStart = 0; menuDialog.maxDisplayLength = 5; //init display list menuDialog.displayList = menuDialog.list.slice(0, 5); this.inited = true; }; menuDialog.render = function () { var style = menuDialog.font; menuDialog.textGroup.removeAll(true); (function updateTexts() { var list

Q: how could an int be extracted from a line of text? I have hit a snag in some data parsing because the title line of what I am parsing is somewhat complex. It has the year, the title, and the edition, but not always in that order. the year and the edition can be converted to ints but the rest cannot be. how could I split the year from the rest of the line to be parsed to an int if I don't know where it would be in the line every time? example data sets: 2016 Super special regular season, 01 fifteenth tossup Math problems galore 2013 Round 02 directed problems FooBar the amazing game part 1 0f 2 round 03 problems 2015 I know that I can't just test the whole lineGranny's Attic has over 30,000 square feet of antiques, collectibles and furniture with over 200 booths and cases to browse through. There’s even a 2000 square foot outdoor area filled with yard art, fountains, statues, patio sets, trellises, arbors and other beautiful things for your yard. You’ll be sure to want to spend the entire day here. Click on the thumbnails below for a full size view of our wonderful treasures.

Introduction {#s1} ============ vCJD remains a challenge for public health due to uncertain prevalence in the population and the possibility of cross-infection through medical procedures. The disease almost certainly emerged due to the consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-infected meat [@pone.0049850-Bruce1] but clinical cases have not reflected the widespread exposure of the UK population. The possibility of a self-sustaining and potentially amplifying "epidemic", caused by the iatrogenic transmission of vCJD from pre-symptomatic cases and asymptomatic carriers to more genetically susceptible individuals, is a major concern. The prevalence of the disease in the population is estimated at between *237* and 109 vCJD carriers per million of the UK population (95% confidence limits 49--692 per million [@pone.0049850-Hilton1] and 3--608 per million [@pone.0049850-Clewley1], respectively) All clinical cases of vCJD, to date, have been PRNP-129small intestine. The observed levels of infectivity, as estimated from incubation period, are higher than would have been expected in many tissues within the oral cavity. The two tissues most likely to be relevant to understanding the risks of iatrogenic dental transmission, the gingival margin and dental pulp, show levels of infectivity of between 100--1000 and at least 10--100 infectious doses (ID) per mg tissue, respectively (based on the titration series for brain material shown in [@pone.0049850-McLeod1]). The maximal levels of infectivity were reached well ahead of the presentation of clinical symptoms in the majority of tissues. This is likely to be similar in the human situation. At the outset of the study, there was no indication in the literature that the two routes of infection would be as efficient

as they proved to be. As such the study used a high challenge dose in order to be able to draw conclusions as to the spread of infection and accumulation of high levels of infectivity under worst-case conditions. Despite this, we do not believe that the use of a high challenge dose, distorts the key findings of the study. In the small intestine challenge experiments, the levels of infectivity in oral tissues are actually lower than the levels observed in the one limited but comparable study [@pone.0049850-Ingrosso1]. The accumulation of infectivity in the spleen is comparable to the rate seen in other peripheral challenges (intraperitoneal and oral) using the same model. The ability of the spleen to amplify infectivity from low-dose oral or peripheral challenge suggests that similarThis is necessary to understanding God as revealed in the Bible, and is fundamental to the Christian faith. A God in fellowship God is never alone. Although he is always three, he is not three individuals who could be in competition or opposition. He is three persons, always united in being, attitude and action. The three-in-one definition describes a God who as Father: creates, governs and supports; as Son: redeems, befriends and disciples; and as Holy Spirit: sanctifies, counsels and empowers. In persons and work he is three—in personality and love he is one. The three persons of the Trinity are continually revealing one another to us. The New Testament tells us that the Holy Spirit bears witness to Jesus; Jesus Christ reveals the Father and testifies to the Holy Spirit; the

Analysis of the fine structure of the antigenic determinants of the transmembrane protein in the HIV coat with chemically modified synthetic peptides. The amino acids involved in IgG reactivity to four HIV-1 gp41 overlapping synthetic peptides from the sequence 584-624 have been determined by a method based on the chemical modification of trifunctional amino acids, especially the acetylation of the amino groups of the lysine residues at pH 8-9. The reactivities of the sera from HIV-infected individuals and gp41-specific human Mab were studied with the overlapping peptides and their modified forms in indirect and competitive ELISA. Peptides 584-602 and 609-624 (CN-185) reacted with 88% of HIV-positive sera; the highest diagnostic significance (100%) was found with peptides 584-611 (AS-551) and 603-624 (CN-191). Acetylation resulted in a 10%-15% decrease in peptideand Terry Sawchuk in net, but – apologies to Mr. Horton – they didn’t boast a blueliner of Lidstrom’s skill; 40 or not. Keon is known as an all-time two-way star; Datsyuk might have the craftiest hands in the world and has the past three Selke Trophies on his mantle. Henrik Zetterberg compares favourably in age and skill to Frank Mahovlich that season and comes with a Conn Smythe Trophy, to boot. Ellis? How about Franzen? Horton? Kronwall. The list goes on. Let me just say, comparisons to the oldest team to win the Cup aside, I believe this season’s Wings are a contender; one of the few favorites, even. And let’s not forget, time is running out on the group; five of the over-35s aren’t signed past this

size mismatch: Actual: %" PRIu32 ", Expected: %" PRIu32 "", _DstSize, SrcSize); return -1; } if (memcmp(_pDstData, pSrcData, SrcSize) != 0) { WLog_DBG(TAG, "compression/decompression input/output mismatch! flags: 0x%08" PRIX32 "", _Flags); #if 1 WLog_DBG(TAG, "Actual:"); winpr_HexDump(TAG, WLOG_DEBUG, _pDstData, SrcSize); WLog_DBG(TAG, "Expected:"); winpr_HexDump(TAG, WLOG_DEBUG, pSrcData, SrcSize); #endif return -1; } return status; } #endif int bulk_decompress(rdpBulk* bulk, BYTE* pSrcData, UINT32 SrcSize, BYTE** ppDstData, UINT32* pDstSize, UINT32 flags) { UINT32 type; int status = -1; rdpMetrics* metrics; UINT32 CompressedBytes; UINT32 UncompressedBytes; double CompressionRatio; metrics = bulk->context->metrics; bulk_compression_max_size(bulk); type = flags & BULK_COMPRESSION_TYPE_MASK; if (flags & BULK_COMPRESSION_FLAGS_MASK) { switch (type) { case PACKET_COMPR_TYPE_8K: mppc_set_compression_level(bulk->mppcRecv, 0); status = mppc_decompress(bulk->mppcRecv, pSrcData, SrcSize, ppDstData, pDstSize, flags); break; case PACKET_COMPR_TYPE_64K: mppc_set_compression_level(bulk->mppcRecv, 1); status = mppc_decompress(bulk->mppcRecv, pSrcData, SrcSize, ppDstData, pDstSize, flags); break; case PACKET_COMPR_TYPE_RDP6: status = ncrush_decompress(bulk->ncrushRecv, pSrcData, SrcSize, ppDstData, pDstSize, flags); break; case PACKET_COMPR_TYPE_RDP61: status = xcrush_decompress(bulk->xcrushRecv, pSrcData, SrcSize, ppDstData, pDstSize, flags); break; case PACKET_COMPR_TYPE_RDP8: WLog_ERR(TAG, "Unsupported bulk compression type %08" PRIx32, bulk->CompressionLevel); status = -1; break; default: WLog_ERR(TAG, "Unknown bulk compression type %08" PRIx32, bulk->CompressionLevel); status = -1; break; } } else { *ppDstData = pSrcData; *pDstSize = SrcSize; status = 0; } if (status >= 0) { CompressedBytes = SrcSize; UncompressedBytes = *pDstSize; CompressionRatio = metrics_write_bytes(metrics, UncompressedBytes, CompressedBytes); #ifdef WITH_BULK_DEBUG { WLog_DBG(TAG, "Decompress

Alia Beard Rau The Republic | azcentral.com The Southern Poverty Law Center has for the first time included the Scottsdale-based Christian legal group Alliance Defending Freedom on its annual census of hate groups. That brings Arizona's total number of hate groups, according to the national organization, to 18. Arizona has the fourth-most such groups in the western United States, following 79 in California, 55 in Texas and 21 in Washington. Additionally, Arizona now has the third-highest number of anti-LGBT groups in the nation according to the organization, following California and Illinois. The Southern Poverty Law Center defines a hate group as one that has "beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics." The Alliance Defending Freedom did not respond to requests for comment. Here areprivate colleges to comply with state anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity. 3. They believe in religious protection: ​The alliance sees itself as a ministry charged with countering activist groups that push to expand sexual freedoms and, as it says on its website, "campaigning to radically reshape America." Ask supporters about their agenda, and they’ll say the alliance — powered by $40 million in annual donations and connections to powerful conservative Christian groups like Focus on the Family, Campus Crusade for Christ and the Center for Arizona Policy — is defending Christian beliefs, promoting "traditional family values" and restricting abortion. "We ... ensure that all people have the right to peacefully live and work consistent with their religious beliefs," Kristen Waggoner, senior vice president of legal services, told The

MFA Graudate Exhibition 2018 3/F Cheng Ming Building, New Asia College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong The Art of CUHK features the Postgraduate Exhibitions including Master of Fine Arts (MFA) Graduate Exhibition. 2 MFA graduates, with Eric LAI Wai Lam and Michelle LEE Ho Wing, will showcase their creative practices in various media, concerning themes ranging from aesthetics, historical trajectory, cultural connotation and social elements, offering multiple layers of perspectives and possibilities of artistic creation. Eric LAI Wai Lam presents his new series of ink paintings in his MFA graduation show “Between the Folds”. The exhibition aims to reflect the dominant and being controlled relationship between the artist and the content of a painting. Without a proper draft, this series of artwork is started with a piece of crumpled rice incompatibility may arise from multiplicity of business in the one office or the other, considerations of public policy or otherwise. [Citations.] From these authorities it also appears that in case of incompatibility the acceptance of the second office is ipso facto a resignation of the first office. By his own action the officer expresses his voluntary resignation.’ ” Id. at 440-41 (quoting People ex

future incompatibility of office that may arise if the police officer is elected to the position of alderman. The petitioner points out that Rogers did not involve the action of an electoral board. Rather, it was a declaratory judgment action concerning a police officer who had run for, been elected to, and assumed the office of village trustee. The issue in Rogers was not the plaintiff’s eligibility to be a candidate, but rather it was whether his acceptance of the office of trustee resulted in the automatic resignation of his position asa police officer under the doctrine of incompatibility. ¶ 25 This court agrees with the petitioner that the Board erred by relying on the doctrine of incompatibility in ordering that his name would not be included on the ballot as a candidate for alderman. The doctrine of incompatibility is not a means to disqualify a person from being a candidate for elective office. See Velazquez v. Soliz, 141 Ill. App. 3d 1024, 1032 (1986). Rather, the effect of the doctrine is that “ ‘the acceptance of the second office is ipso facto a resignation

to make." Kerr, a champion midfielder, retired from football at the end of the 2013 season. West Coast drafted Kerr from WAFL side East Fremantle at pick 18 in the 2000 AFL draft. He kicked 122 goals in 220 games for the Eagles. Kerr was a member of the West Coast side that lost to Sydney in the 2005 grand final and then became a premiership player when the Eagles beat the same opponents in the 2006 decider. He was a runner-up in the Brownlow Medal in 2005 and 2007, represented Australia in the 2002 International Rules series against Ireland and was named All-Australian in 2007.of their cycle, meaning people who took part would miss the opportunity to get cheaper fuel. “In cities like Canberra, Darwin and Hobart there’s never a cycle, it’s just always expensive, so at some point people need to fill up,” he said. Mr Khoury said even if all 160,000 people chose not to fill up, “that’s not even a rounding error in terms of the overall size of the industry”. “We completely understand the public’s frustration,” he said. “These are record high prices, in some of these areas we haven’t seen prices like this in 10 years. We get how difficult and frustrating it is, we are also acutely aware of the impact it’s having on the economy because our economy runs on fuel.” But Mr Khoury said the price increases were

cases; and 240 (18.35%) underwent surgery for mitral valve replacement because of severe mitral stenosis in 117 (48.75%) cases or severe mitral regurgitation in 123 (51.25%); and 66 (5%) underwent surgery for combined aortomitral valve replacement ([Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}, [Fig. 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). [Table 1](#tbl1){ref-type="table"} shows the demographic data of the population.Fig. 1Types of valve replacement surgery.Fig. 1Fig. 2Indications for valvular replacement surgery.Fig. 2Table 1Patient demographic data.Table 1VariableN%Male75958GenderFemale54942Patient with diabetes62047.4Patient with hypertension68052Patient with dyslipidemia87667Smokers74556Mean age67 ± 10 yearsIsolated aortic valve100276.6 Severe stenosis61261 Severe regurgitation39039Isolated mitral valve24018.34 Severe stenosis11748.75 Severe regurgitation12351.25Mixed aortomitral valve665Total1308100 Significant CAD was detected in 360 (27.5%) patients of all groups, in 321 (32%) patients with isolated aortic valve disease, in 36 (15%) patients with isolated mitral valve disease, and in 3 (4.5%) patients with mixed aortomitral valve disease ([Table 2](#tbl2){ref-type="table"}). Statistical analysis shows a higher prevalence of CAD in the group of patients with isolated aortic"serviceName": { "type": "string", "title": "service name", "length": 256, "format": "^(([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9\\\\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])\\\\.)*([A-Za-z0-9]|[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9\\\\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])$" }, "ipAddress":{ "type":"string", "title":"Service ip",

make sure the point is in the same coordinate system as the raster. Calculate the row and col based on how far the point is from the upper left corner. This can very depending on rounding. Then pass this into your numpy array. with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor("NHDPoint",["SHAPE@","value"]) as uc: for row in uc: pnt = row[0].projectAs(sr) #assuming every point falls to the left and below uperleft corner deltaX = pnt.centroid.X - ulx deltaY = lly- pnt.centroid.Y arow = int(deltaY/rast.meanCellHeight) acol = int(deltaX/rast.meanCellWidth) nonreducing terminal residues, N-acetylgalctosamine (galNAc) or glucuronic acid adjacent to a 4-sulfated or 6-sulfated galNAc, were quantified. In cartilage, the delta Di6S-to-delta Di4S ratio increased with age; in degenerative cartilage, this ratio was not significantly different from the normal value. Percentage of delta Di0S decreased with age and was significantly higher in degenerative than in normal cartilage. The galNAc4S and galNAc4,6S represented > or = 96% of the terminal residues. There was a significant decrease in 6-sulfation of the terminal residues in degenerative cartilage. 6-Sulfation of internal and terminal CS residues increased with age. Cartilage degeneration in racehorses was accompanied by deposition of CS chains with altered sulfation patterns, in normal and diseased joints of horses > 2 years old, synovial fluid CS was not indicative of cartilage

first or second left to get onto Sutherland. I rarely bother with the back streets and steps these days. here's a fast one from the other day where I got to draft a concrete truck down http://www.strava.com/activities/75005814 Coming home, its M2 underpass (if not flooded) then Sutherland and a bit of naughty footpath work again up Beecroft Rd from Albert Rd all the way around to Trebor on PH Rd to avoid the steps. http://www.strava.com/activities/73073015 If you like quiet streets, and depending on where in Thornleigh you are, you can duck parallel to Yarrara through Trebor/Rosemount/Tillock/Morgan/Dale, through past the sewer pumphouse onto Edmunson Cl - but beware, its hilly! Surprised you found a nutter down the East Side of PH Rd.. its very sleepy down there! Thanks, Duncan. Yup, know those routes.Like to avoid footpaths but the reality is that they are almost unavoidable if you want to stay safe. Yeah, I was surprised to meet a nutter in PH too, but bicycles seem to bring out the worst in otherwise sane people.

adult in nature and contain material which some visitors may find offensive, thus this site is classified as 18 and only suitable for ages 18 and above! He should have held it in her face and pumped his cum into her throat. Apr 13, - 3: Be sure its semi small! This was surprisingly hot. I demand a good week. Naked neko gif. I will be very busy during most of March, and possibly early April due to a few things, so I may not be able to do scans for March AND april Aprils a maybe. If you have some you'd like to submit, you can do so via PM. Big milky tits shared. Any servers with mithras Need my job thanks. Well i know what I want forshort kimono. Nor will it get you any kudos with Asian men . While you can take off the costume and still be seen as American, your costume perpetuates our otherness. Don’t assume it’s going to be fine. If you’re questioning something, ask someone about it. Preferably from that culture. Because have you ever been urged to say where you’re “really” from? Have you felt the confusion or the humiliation of not being from here? I don’t think so. It does not matter how many Asians friends you have; how Asian your neighborhood is; how much you love sushi; or how cute you think the bastardization of our traditional garbs is. As sought-after as people like to think Asian women are, we are still constantly harassed and discriminated against. You haven’t

.with(expense) .and_return(RecordResult.new(true, 417, nil)) post '/expense', JSON.generate(expense) parsed = JSON.parse(last_response.body) expect(parsed).to include('expense_id': 417) end it 'responds with a 200 (OK)' end context "when the expense fails validation" do it 'returns an error message' it 'responds with 422 (Unprocessable entity)' end end end end Below is the error that i am getting : An error occurred while loading ./api_spec.rb. Failure/Error: def initialize(ledger: Ledger.new) # default value so callers can just say API.new and get the default @ledger = ledger super() # rest of initialization from Sinatra end NameError: uninitialized constant ExpenseTracker::API::Ledger /Users/Denis/Desktop/TDD/Effective_Testing_with_Rspec3/04-acceptance-specs/expense_tracker/app/api.rb:7:in `initialize' /Users/Denis/Desktop/TDD/Effective_Testing_with_Rspec3/04-acceptance-specs/expense_tracker/app/api.rb:13:in `<class:API>' /Users/Denis/Desktop/TDD/Effective_Testing_with_Rspec3/04-acceptance-specs/expense_tracker/app/api.rb:5:in `<module:ExpenseTracker>' /Users/Denis/Desktop/TDD/Effective_Testing_with_Rspec3/04-acceptance-specs/expense_tracker/app/api.rb:4:in `<top (required)>' ./api_spec.rb:1:inMartinović External links Official website Category:Musical groups established in 1945 Category:Turkish orchestras Category:Culture in Istanbul Category:Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey Category:Musical groups established in 1972 Category:Symphony orchestras

Investigation of a cluster of Staphylococcus aureus invasive infection in the top end of the Northern Territory. Staphylococcus aureus invasive infection remains a serious condition associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Following notification of five cases at Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH), we searched for related cases, determined their epidemiological characteristics and attempted to identify the source of this apparent cluster. We reviewed RDH microbiology records between June 1996 and April 1997 for S. aureus isolates with similar antibiograms to notified cases. We used antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteriophage typing and two molecular typing techniques to subtype implicated isolates. Hospital records were reviewed for admission details and associated costs were estimated. Fifty-four cluster-related isolates occurred in 47 separate presentations. The peak incidence was in the wet season. The most important riskits 3'-UTR of H11 isoform H11-4 were also identified upstream to the H11 gene with the same transcription orientation. The 1,517-bp 5'-flanking region and part of the first exon of the H11 gene were subcloned into the vector upstream of green fluorescence protein reporter gene and microinjected into the gonads of Caenorhabditis elegans. The transformed animals exhibited fluorescence in the distal intestine in the L4 larvae stage and adult worms. This study characterized gene structure of aminopeptidase H11, demonstrated different transcriptional pattern of its promoter region between free-living and blood-sucking nematode species, and highlights the utility of C. elegans as a heterologous system to study the biology roles of H11 isoforms.

was never grounded, so we got Danny yelling at his friends and the audience about his sacred duty to protect K’u-Lun, only to be yelled at again for not understanding what he’s talking about. Most of Iron Fist is spent this way, and by the end of thirteen episodes, I never felt like I understood Danny as a character or his sacred duty. After The Defenders, I still don’t understand that duty all too well — K’u-Lun is just as vague as ever, even though K’u-Lun is mentioned so many times in eight episodes that you’d be completely gone if one so chose to play a drinking game. Danny Rand, however, became all too clear. He’s the kid. The brash, young hero who will walk into a room full { getTask.Result.EnsureSuccessStatusCode(); }); //HttpResponseMessage resp = await client.GetAsync("http://mywebsite.com/dev/api/" + page); Task<String> responseBodyAsText = resp.Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); responseBodyAsText.Wait(); return responseBodyAsText.Result.Split(';').ToList(); } } A: I suspect that further up your call stack, you're using Task.Wait or Task.Result. If you use Wait or Result on async code, you run the risk of deadlock. I explain this in more detail on my blog and in a recent MSDN article.

to low-carbon technology. Few other pointers related to the Canada-U.S. Climate Policy choices include: To meet the targets relative to the reduction of the Global greenhouse gas emissions by joining hands with each other. This will help in reducing the carbon point, and the economic ties between the two countries will help in the development of newer technologies. The CIMS Model followed by the two countries helps in the forecasting the energy demands, and the cost incurred on them. It has become mandatory to choose the right technology for meeting energy demands. This can only be done with the help of U.S. – Canada Policy choices. Climate change has emerged as a greater issue not only in Canada, but all over the world. It is important for the two countries tocolumns, it is taken as a two-dimensional contingency table Thus, when you type chisq.test(mm[2:3]), your matrix is the contingency table. In the second case, when yout type chisq.test(df1$count, df2$count), the contengency table is computed (with the function table) from the vectors df1$count and df2$count

defend himself and stop this credible threat," Christianson said. Photo provided by the Newman Police Department shows officer Ronil Singh, who was shot and killed during a traffic stop early Wednesday, Dec. 26, 2018, in Newman, Calif. Stanislaus County Sheriff's Department via AP Police on Wednesday released surveillance video of the suspect buying several packs of beer at a convenience store before getting back into his Dodge Ram pickup truck. It's believed the suspect stopped at the convenience store before the shooting. Police said they have located and seized the pickup truck. Newman's Chief of Police Randy Richardson, who said he relieved Singh on Christmas Day, fought back tears as he described his colleague. "When I sat with him in the chief's interview, he told me he came to America to becomelinking the corridor of the 12-building campus (OCADU Faculty Lead: Professor Job Rutgers, Faculty of Design); Albedo Informatics, a social games start-up company, will collaborate with OCADU to create My Green City, a cross-platform game/application for the iPhone and Facebook that will encourage players to engage in pro-environmental behaviour through a green rewards system (OCADU Faculty Lead: Assistant Professor Emma Westecott, Faculty of Design); The Neutral Carbon Product project pairs Zerofootprint with OCADU to develop a visualization aesthetic that communicates the carbon foot print of a product, for all its components, including the distance travelled, to give consumers information leading to greener choices and purchasing behaviours (OCADU Faculty Leads: Associate Professor Suzanne Stein, Faculty of Design, and Assistant Professor Barbara Rauch, Faculty of Art); OCADU’s Mobile Experience Innovation Centre (MEIC) is

Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Our everyday visual experience relies on the ability to detect subtle changes in the structure of natural scenes. The brain must accomplish this task by combining signals originating from neural populations in sensory areas that respond to incoming stimuli, and then generate behavioral responses based on aggregate neural activity. Although primary visual cortex (V1) is necessary for normal vision^[@CR1],[@CR2]^, neural responses in V1 correlate only poorly with perceptual reports^[@CR3]^. This suggests that V1 activity itself must be sampled by downstream areas in order to generate visual percepts. However, even within cell populations that share overlapping receptive fields, responses of V1 neurons are highly heterogeneous, due to differences in preferred stimulus features^[@CR4]--[@CR6]^. Hubel and Wiesel^[@CR4]^ famously hypothesized that a functional unit of cortex, containing all the necessary machinerydetection of the two lowest contrast stimuli in the "near" condition (\**P* = 0.0025, Kruskal--Wallis test, df = 4, Chi-squared value = 16.43, post hoc Wilcoxon signed rank test), but had no impact in the "far" condition (**e**). Error bars show s.e.m. across sessions. **f** The light-induced enhancement in behavioral performance decays as the orientation difference between the two subpopulations increases. Black dots represent the mean change in target reports (laser vs. control) across sessions according to the orientation difference between the visual stimulus and the preferred orientation of the light-activated population (Sessions were grouped into 10° increments. Vertical dashed line shows the division between "near" and "far" categories. Fit is exponential. Error bars show s.e.m.Fig. 3Light-evoked activity is uniform across stimulus orientations and contrasts. **a**, left Example orientation tuning curve for one neuron.

(ii) fixation breaks or (iii) premature response bar releases, and (iv) microsaccade count. First, we examined the differences in false alarm rates (type 1 errors) between control and laser trials, when monkeys produce the behavioral response associated with the visual stimulus when, in fact, no visual stimulus is present. We found no significant difference in false alarm rates in any session type in which laser responses were recorded (Supplementary Fig. [3a](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}, *P* = 0.45, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Second, we reasoned that the sudden appearance of a phosphene may be distracting to the animal and lead to reflexive shifts in attention that may result in erroneous eye movements or behavioral responses. Such breaks in fixation or premature behavioral responses would result in aborted trials. Again, we found no significant difference betweenthe light stimulation and to the visual stimuli. Light sensitive cells were identified by comparing the firing rates on trials during the laser-on period (first 300 ms) with the equivalent period in the control trials in the absence of a visual stimulus (statistical criterion was *P* \< 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Visually responsive cells were identified by comparing the firing rates calculated over 300 ms, beginning 35 ms after the onset of the visual stimulus, and the corresponding period during the no-stimulus trials. Visual responsiveness was assessed using responses to the oriented gratings present in the detection task and/or using the full contrast, multi-orientation stimulus used to map tuning preferences. This latter criteria was necessary for the "far" condition, when the cells' preferred orientation was not represented by the visual stimulus used

a click event it returns an object with two NaN values inside: function drawRectangle(event){ var startPoint; startPoint = relMouseCoords(event); console.log(startPoint); } Could anyone please explain to me why this is? and if there is a fix for it? I would not like to use JQuery if anyone has responses to do with it. Thanks A: This is answered in the comments on the original post. It was fixed by just removing var canvas = this;. the knees." The barista identified Swanson as the first customer of the day. She testified that his car did not come through in a normal fashion. Rather, he stopped his car about a foot further back from the window than most customers. But the barista stated that she could still see into the car "very well." She also stated that she became curious because "no one normally stops back there." The barista greeted Swanson. He placed a drink order. She then saw Swanson masturbating. She observed his pants unzipped, unbuttoned, and folded down in the front. She could see his shoulder and hand moving. She continued to watch him out of the corner of her eye while she made his coffee drink. This took about

federal statute that imposes a mandatory two-year prison term upon individuals convicted of certain crimes if the offender "'knowingly transfers, possesses, or uses, without lawful authority, a means of identification of another person.'"14 The question was "whether the statute requires the Government to show that the defendant knew that the 10 Bostain v. Food Express, Inc., 159 Wn.2d 700, 708, 153 P.3d 846 (2007). 11]o\ 12 (Emphasis added.) 13 556 U.S. 646, 129 S. Ct. 1886, 173 L Ed. 2d 853 (2009). 14 \± at 647 (emphasis omitted) (quoting 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1)). No. 69618-1-1/7 'means of identification' he or she 8 No. 69618-1-1/9 person.29 In relevant part, the statute stated, "No person may knowingly obtain, possess, use, or transfer a means of identification or financial information of another person, living or dead . . . ."30 Citing Flores-Fiqueroa and Killingsworth, this court concluded that the statutory term "knowingly" also refers to the defendant's knowledge that the means of identification belonged to another person.31 Here, the statute states that a person is guilty of indecent exposure if he or she "intentionally makes any open and obscene exposure of his or her person or the person of another. . . ."32 Like the cases discussed previously, the most natural reading of this statute and the instructions is that the adverb "intentionally" modifies the verb

To convict the defendant of the crime of Indecent Exposure, each of the following elements of the crime must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) That on or about the 25th day of May, 2011, the defendant made an open and obscene exposure of the defendant's person to [the barista]; (2) That the defendant acted the time earlier saying you don't have to intend it to be a crime; you have to intend the act that turns out to be a crime. 33 Clerk's Papers at 45. 34 Id. at 46. 10 No. 69618-1-1/11 [DEFENSE COUNSEL]: I'm going to object, your Honor. THE COURT: Overruled. The jury will have the instructions which

45 36 Wn. App. 230, 673 P.2d 870 (1983). 46 id at 231-32. 47 id at 232 (emphasis omitted) (quoting former RCW 9A.88.010(1) (1975)). 48 ]d at 236. 13 No. 69618-1-1/14 is used in relation to, and in the same sense as, 'public' Thus, the forbidden conduct is public conduct, and public, in the context, must refer to place."49 has vanishing Ricci curvature. To the contrary, all solutions with non-vanishing Ricci curvature are vacuum solutions.[^10] Conversely, there is a sense in which vacuum solutions in two dimensions have vanishing Weyl curvature. To make this idea precise requires some work. The reason is that the definition of the Weyl tensor in Eq.  only makes sense in 3 or more dimensions. Still, we can ask whether there is any tensor in two dimensions that might be a suitable analog for the Weyl tensor. For instance, the Weyl tensor is defined as the “trace-free” part of the Riemann tensor, i.e., the trace-free tensor one gets by subtracting appropriate terms linear in the Ricci tensor and the scalar curvature. To ask if a candidate Weyl tensor is available in two dimensions, then,

identically, and which thus solve the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations in two dimensions *without* cosmological constant.) Still, it turns out that at least some matter fields with non-vanishing energy-momentum tensors *can* be defined in two dimensions. Consider the case of electromagnetism with a perfect fluid source, assuming that analogs of the Maxwell equations for the Faraday (field strength) tensor $F_{ab}$ and charge-current density $J^a$ in four dimensions hold in two: $$\begin{aligned} \nabla_{[a}F_{bc]} &= \mathbf{0},\\ \nabla_a F^{ab}& = J^b.\end{aligned}$$ Further suppose that the energy-momentum tensor associated with $F_{ab}$ in two dimensions is also the analog of its expression in four, and similarly for the energy-momentum tensor associated with the charged fluid: $$\begin{aligned} \overset{EM}{T_{ab}} &= F_{am}F^m{}_b + \frac{1}{4} g_{ab} (F_{mn}F^{mn}),\\ \overset{PF}{T_{ab}} &= \rho \eta_a \eta_b - p (g_{ab} - \eta_a \eta_b),\end{aligned}$$ where $\eta^a$ is the four-velocity field \label{eq:standard form}$$ where $T_{ab}$ is the usual energy-momentum tensor field (although not necessarily assumed to be symmetric) and $\tilde{G}_{ab}$ is some (0,2)-tensor field whose value at a point depends only on the metric and its derivatives at that point. 2. The conservation condition holds, i.e., in light of the first condition, $\nabla_a\tilde{G}{}^{ab}(g)=\mathbf{0}$. The first condition ensures that the field equation is defined pointwise by the metric $g_{ab}$ and its derivatives, and that it equates the “marble” of geometry with the “wood” of matter. The second condition demands that the conservation condition follows from the form of $\tilde{G}_{ab}$ alone. Together, they do not imply that $\tilde{G}_{ab} \propto G_{ab} - \Lambda g_{ab}$, but with a few extra conditions, they do [@Vermeil1917; @Cartan1922; @Weyl22]: 1. $\tilde{G}_{ab}(g)$ depends only on

philosophers, see, for instance, @FeintzeigAlgebra and @FLRW. [^4]: See, for instance, @Fredenhagen+Brunetti, @Rejzner, and @FeintzeigUI [@FeintzeigPOs]. [^5]: To our knowledge, the projects that come closest to this strategy are those that evaluate arguments that spacetime must have a certain dimensionality [@CallenderDims]; or those that consider the details of constructive quantum field theory, which often considers lower-dimensional models [@RuetscheIQT; @Hancox-Li]. [^6]: See, for instance, @Glimm+Jaffe; for a discussion of quantum gravity in particular, see @Carlip. [^7]: The reader is encouraged to consult @Hawking+Ellis, @Wald, and @MalamentGR for details. [^8]: We also assume $M$ to be Hausdorff and paracompact. All objects that are candidates to be smooth in what follows are assumed to be so, even when not mentioned explicitly. [^9]: Compare with @Wald [p. 54]. [^10]: One can confirm that there exist two-dimensional spacetimes with non-vanishing Ricciwhich has led many theorists to focus on so-called “Lovelock theories” in higher dimensions, i.e., theories with field equations distinct from Einstein’s equation but which satisfy the conditions of Lovelock’s theorem. Thus it is tempting to think that in higher dimensions, but not lower dimensions, one can find various theories with similar syntactic and semantic features to general relativity in four dimensions, and that this leads to an important distinction between the two cases. But the arguments we give in section \[sec:AltEq\] suggest that it is too fast, because insofar as one can question the assumptions of Lovelock’s theorem in lower dimensions, one can also question them in higher dimensions. It seems to us, then, that more needs to be said even in the higher dimensional case to

non-prejudicial is a reasonable application of clearly established law. Third, Mihajson argued that the trial court erred in admitting the testimony of Cynthia Garcia, the victim’s partner. Garcia testified that the victim told Garcia that she was with Mihajson on the day of the murder. The CCA reasonably found that the trial court erred, but that the error did not require reversal. Independent 3 evidence placed the victim with Mihajson, including their cell phones triggering the same tower within eight minutes of one another and bank /* 0x2C */ MPI2_SGE_SIMPLE_UNION SGL; /* 0x30 */ } MPI2_TOOLBOX_ISTWI_READ_WRITE_REQUEST, MPI2_POINTER PTR_MPI2_TOOLBOX_ISTWI_READ_WRITE_REQUEST, Mpi2ToolboxIstwiReadWriteRequest_t, MPI2_POINTER pMpi2ToolboxIstwiReadWriteRequest_t; /* values for the Action field */ #define MPI2_TOOL_ISTWI_ACTION_READ_DATA (0x01) #define MPI2_TOOL_ISTWI_ACTION_WRITE_DATA (0x02) #define MPI2_TOOL_ISTWI_ACTION_SEQUENCE (0x03) #define MPI2_TOOL_ISTWI_ACTION_RESERVE_BUS (0x10) #define MPI2_TOOL_ISTWI_ACTION_RELEASE_BUS (0x11) #define MPI2_TOOL_ISTWI_ACTION_RESET

that speed, I don't know exactly how crummy. James Fleming 1/27/2012 3:12:16 PM I'm curious what is the top speed of this car? MEHILE ORLOFF 1/23/2012 1:57:18 PM So, with all your hot-rodding around, what kind of MPG did you get on the track ?? Lighten the Strain on the Earth and Your Budget MOTHER EARTH NEWS is the guide to living — as one reader stated — “with little money and abundant happiness.” Every issue is an invaluable guide to leading a more sustainable life, covering ideas from fighting rising energy costs and protecting the environment to avoiding unnecessary spending on processed food. You’ll find tips for slashing heating bills; growing fresh, natural produce at home; and more. MOTHER EARTH NEWS helps you cut costs without sacrificing modern luxuries. At MOTHER EARTH NEWS, we are dedicatedto conserving our planet’s natural resources while helping you conserve your financial resources. That’s why we want you to save money and trees by subscribing through our earth-friendly automatic renewal savings plan. By paying with a credit card, you save an additional $5 and get 6 issues of MOTHER EARTH NEWS for only $12.00 (USA only).

weaved them together in beautiful prose. That specific review had been a finalist in a book review competition, and I believe she deserved that honor through and through. Answer: Despite the constant hearings of "don't judge a book by its cover" I must admit that I honestly do. It is not right, and it doesn't do the book justice, but while browsing shelves, I really can't help but snigger at the books with bad covers. Covers honestly make an impact on whether you pick up the book at the store. A novel with an alluring, interesting, unforgettable cover will linger in your mind forever until you finally have to submit and buy it. Unattractive covers however, make you lose interest even if the synopsis is intelligent. Those covers alwaysPlotnikov were killed in police raids last summer, and Tsarnaev fled back to the United States shortly thereafter. The detail of the information from the Russians to the FBI — and whether the feds passed it on sufficiently to local authorities — is sure to come up next week on Capitol Hill, where the House Homeland Security Committee will hold a hearing on the bombings. “I have no idea what the Russians did or did not share, but the fact they brought up his name should have been a flashing red light,” U.S. Rep. Jason Chaffetz, a member of the committee, told the Herald last night. “You combine that with international travel, and somebody’s going to have to answer some questions. “The information is only good if it gets to those who can actually act on it,” he said. “I

still determine whether the record supports a find- ing of the prejudice that Goodson now claims from the "unnecessary delay in bringing [him] to trial." Fed. R. Crim. P. 48(b). While the record might support a conclusion that the government was negligent -- Goodson contends that the government's conduct was both negli- gent and in bad faith -- the record does not support a claim that the requested delay would have violated any speedy trial right, constitu- tional or statutory, or that it would have prejudiced in any way his ability to present his defense. To show prejudice, he argues only that he remained incarcerated "throughout these proceedings." The prohibition in our criminal justice system against unnecessary delay is designed (1) to protect against "undue and oppressive incar- ceration prior to trial," (2) to "minimize anxiety and concern accom- panying publicaccusation," and (3) to protect the "ability of an accused to defend himself." Smith v. Hooey , 393 U.S. 374, 378 (1969) (quoting United States v. Ewell, 383 U.S. 116, 120 (1966)). The record does not provide any evidence implicating the values underly- ing the second and third objectives. See United States v. Grimmond, 137 F.3d 823, 829-30 (4th Cir. 1998) (concluding that prejudice not shown where there was no indication that, as a result of the delay, any witness would be unavailable or unable accurately to recall the events in question or that any exculpatory evidence would be lost or unavail- able); United States v. Shepherd, 511 F.2d 119, 123 (5th Cir. 1975) (recognizing that prejudice from anxiety requires"more than the nor- mal anxiety that accompanies a trial"). While Goodson does claim that he would have been incarcerated for

about the mediators of systemic silencing. Recent studies have revealed various and sometimes surprising genetic elements of the short-range silencing spread pathway, elucidating several aspects of the processes involved. In this review we attempt to clarify commonalities and differences between the individual silencing pathways of RNA silencing spread in plants.Thank you." "So I've created a nomadic warrior." "I wouldn't have used so many pieces." "I would have concentrated doing one thing extremely well." " But it is a good makeup." " Okay." "[laughs] Thanks." "Looking around the lab is really cool, because people went in a lot of different directions with this one." "The hats were so different, and there's some really interesting makeups." "I don't know who's gonna win." "Okay, Lois." "So how did they do today?" "Everyone did exceptionally well." "I'm really impressed." " Thank you." " Thanks." "All right, who created your favorite looks, then?" "Rob, I thought the work said something about the simplicity of the hat being translated into a simple makeup." " Thank you." " Emily... you achieved a huge amount

of work and translated the hat into that makeup superbly well." "Thank you." "Who is the winner of this challenge?" "The winner this week is... [suspenseful music]" "Emily." "[applause]" "You have an understanding of color, form, and shape." " Very well done." " Thank you." "Emily, congratulations." "As the winner of today's Foundation Challenge, you have earned immunity in the next Spotlight Challenge." "How's that feel?" "It feels really good." "Doesn't it?" "I bet." "(Emily) I'm thrilled." "It's exciting because who knows what the next challenge could be?" "They're getting more difficult." "Lois, thank you so much for being here today." "It was a pleasure." "(Lois) Oh, thank you for having me." "It's a delight to be back." "Nice work today, you guys." "I will see you tomorrowchallenge that I haven't told you about." "Oh." "You're not gonna be working in the lab this week." "In fact, this entire Spotlight Challenge will take place right here in the woods." " What?" " What?" "Are we camping here?" "I don't really understand what that means." "So are we sculpting in the forest?" "Models, come on out." "(Rob) Oh, God." "[laughter]" "Um..." "Oh, God!" "[laughs]" "Shit." "Models, come on out." " [laughter]" " Um... (Adam) This is new." "So obviously, this is a nude body painting challenge." "(woman) Yeah." "Okay." "I don't body-paint." "I don't need this now." " Rob, you all right?" " I'm all right." "[laughter]" "All right, thank you, models." "Why don't you go ahead and take your places in your habitats?" "All right,

bug." "We had some guidance from the coaches, Laura in particular." "I fabricated the wings and mainly painted the male model." "I predominately took on the female model." "I think you were incredibly successful." "Thank you very much." "This is a brilliant use of the two human forms." "I love the paint job." "I love the coloration, the iridescence in the legs, so I have to commend you on that." " Thank you very much." " Thank you." "I think it's really a very smart choice, the combination of the bodies, getting that inverse leg with his elbow." "Really, really good." " Thank you very much." " Thank you." "Logan and Julian, if you please step back." "Thanks." "Darla and Stephanie, you're next." "Would you please tell usthis show." "Really well done." "Congratulations." "(both) Thank you." "Emily and Jamie, you can step back." "Ben and Kelly, you're up." "Tell us what insect you had and how it inspired your creations." "We had the European hornet." "My original concept was to integrate the second model to be the abdomen, but Ben was very driven to blend the second model into the background." "Now, Ben, how do you think they are as two characters together?" "I don't think they go together." "I really wanted to do a camouflage pattern." "I felt strongly about it." "I have problems with your female." "Her face looks very animalistic." "It looks more like a muzzle than it is insect-looking." "Did you guys work well together on this one?" "We pretty much

me. To fight bullying, self-obsessed, money-chasing leaders. Leaders who would propose a federal budget that actually cuts funding for feeding hungry senior citizens and undernourished children while spending millions of tax dollars on golf weekends for themselves. In some ways we are faced with the archetypical villains of our media consciousness. The corporate executive cutting down the Home Tree of the Na’vi while practicing his putting. The landlord who owns the slums and refuses to give alms to the poor. The privileged poodle who inherited all his wealth and has never had to be anyone else’s employee. I shuddered and gagged when we, as a nation, started torturing others. So did many of our military leaders, who fought to protect their honor. Let’s help them. We are mutts. And we arefeasibility studies we urgently need practical measures that will deliver cleaner air from day one,” said Bridget Fox, sustainable transport campaigner at the group. “That means giving local authorities the power to introduce charging zones and to ban the most polluting vehicles from pollution hotspots.” CILT is pleased to see that the Air Quality Plan does now contain a new option for local authorities – recommended by the institute in response to the draft plan – to consider the simple exclusion of old, polluting vehicles from CAZs as an alternative to charging. It points out that this already happens in some 200 towns and cities in 13 countries across Europe. CILT recommends that this option should be explored by local authorities as a practical approach to tackle euro-emission requirements for

as, say, King Arthur; the temptation of the Ring is like the doctrine of original sin, and so forth. Indeed, in his recent book Beyond Tenebrae, for example, Birzer argues for a tradition of Christian humanism that includes Tolkien and extends to writers like Flannery O’Connor, Walter Miller, and even to a degree Margaret Atwood. And the examples need not only be contemporary. I often think of a collection of Sicilian folk music I listened to: one selection, recorded in the 1950s, featured a traveling puppeteer reenacting scenes from Orlando Furioso to an audience of largely unlettered paesani. A conservative must be able to articulate why that is more enriching than the same person reenacting, say, the destruction of Alderaan or Wakanda. But while I would like to think thatto those in your digits attribute. If you'd like to further limit the keyboard to display only certain characters, you'll need to define a custom one. Here's one of the better tutorials on doing that.

All the Posters from the concerts I've been in 2016 When I moved to Berlin, back in 2012, I came up with a project to design a poster for every concert that I would go to. In the first year, things worked all really well but, due to a lack of time, I stopped doing those in 2015. I missed doing it but I didn't feel like doing them. It's a weird feeling to have but... it happens. In July 2016, after watching Romano play a concert in Austria, I decided to do this again. All the concerts that I would go after that day, would have a poster designed by me. Those posters could be illustrated or something completely crazy. The idea was to do something for each concert143 vacant roles, all full time, which we will look to take onboard over the next four months,” the department said in the response to the freedom of information request, which was submitted by activist Shaun Davey. A breakdown of the roles provided by the department showed 81 were in the policy team, 18 in private office, 10 in communications, nine in economics and statistics, eight in operational delivery, six in project management, five in finance, three in human resources, and a further three only identified as “other”. Research by the Institute for Government shows that the number of people leaving the 600-person ministry is the highest in Whitehall – other than the special case of the Cabinet Office – and is only set to accelerate. Brexit could be delayed in

phytosqualane all work in synergy to help stimulate the production of lipids, strengthen the skin barrier, soothe and comfort skin.Nourished and softened, the skin appears more luminous, moisturized; its comfort and suppleness are restored, protected; fights the consequences of outside aggressions; revitalized, day after day, dryness is visibly diminished.How to use: Apply Confort Extreme Day Skin Care in the morning to perfectly cleansed skin. This product can be used alternately with Sisley Global Anti-Age Extra-Rich for dry skin. Brand: Sisley Cosmetics. Style Name: Sisley Paris 'Confort Extreme' Day Skin Care. Style Number: 238818. Available In Stores. The Vega top by 2nd Day is designed in a gorgeous soft evening blue silk, featuring a round neckline, back button fastening, and back pleat detailing creating a cape effect. This is asegments were measured for 134 resident-performed cataract cases before the proposed intervention and again after the intervention for 136 resident-performed cataract cases. Before the intervention, the mean overall case time was 55 minutes, allowing for 10 cases in a 10-hour day. After the intervention, the mean overall case time was 46 minutes, allowing for 13 cases in a 10-hour day. The decrease in postintervention times for overall case time, room-to-incision time, and close-to-exit time were statistically significant. Operating room utilization for resident-performed cataract surgery was enhanced by setting group goals. A multidisciplinary effort to enhance group performance through behavior modification can be implemented immediately and improve efficiency without compromising patient safety or resident teaching.

exploded in eastern Fujian during the Agrarian Revolution (1927-37), and most of the She areas were under the worker-peasant democratic power. The Shes made great contributions to the Anti-Japanese struggle (1937-45) and in the struggle against the Kuomintang. Most She areas were revolutionary bases during the war for China's liberation in 1949.providing any insight into gravitational collapse. As alluded to in the abstract, at this point the mapping between the disparate spacetimes is quite formal. However, detailed computations for the explicit examples of black hole spacetimes may provide some extra insight for the discerning reader. The paper is organized as follows : In section 2, we follow ref.s [@babi1]-[@babi5] to briefly review the construction of the compsite emergent metric for a very general [**K**]{}-essence scalar field sector in an arbitrary physical spacetime background, not necessarily stationary. Towards the end of this section, we specialize to the precise [**K**]{}-essence scalar field action [@gm1; @gm2] which we actually use in the present work. In the next section, we construct the emergent spacetime metric for a general static spherically symmetric black hole background,

Hs00174705_m1,*ARG1*: Hs00968979_m1,*CD4*: Hs01058407_m1,*FOXP3*: Hs00203958_m1,*IL10*: Hs00961622_m1,*PRF1*: Hs00169473_m1,*GZMB*: Hs01554355_m1, and primers and probe for *β*2-microglobulin (*B2M*) \[[@B27]\]. The level of expression of each marker was normalized to the expression of*B2M*, according to the delta Ct method \[[@B28]\] and results were reported as 2^−delta\ Ct^. All markers were tested on a panel of 10 NB cell lines and none of these markers was expressed by the tumor cells themselves. Moreover, to exclude DNA contamination the cDNA obtained in the absence of reverse transcriptase was included in each qPCR assay. Water was also run as negative control. 2.3. Statistical Analysis {#sec2.3} ------------------------- The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare median values, and the Spearman *ρ* coefficient was used to assess correlation between variables. Event-free and overall survival (EFS and OS, resp.) analyses were performed according([Figure 2(b)](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). 3.4. Analysis of a Public NB Tumor Gene Expression Profiling Dataset {#sec3.4} -------------------------------------------------------------------- We checked in a public gene expression profiling dataset of 40 stage 4 NB tumors (R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform: <http://hgserver1.amc.nl/cgi-bin/r2/main.cgi>, tumor neuroblastoma, Versteeg) significant associations between the expression levels of the studied molecular markers and EFS and OS. It is important to note that the public dataset reports microarray data and that Kaplan-Meyer plot is given for each probe according to ROC analysis. Despite the difference in the type of data and analysis, the significant association of high*FOXP3* mRNA levels with better EFS and OS was confirmed ([Figure 5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}). No significant association was found for*CD14* and*ARG1* (not shown). 4. Discussion {#sec4} ============= The prognostic role of molecular analysis of immune cells and of the immunosuppressive cytokine*IL10* has

T cells in mouse and human \[[@B33]\]. In addition, human NB cells express low, if any, levels of HLA class I molecules \[[@B38]\]. This defect may hamper their recognition by CD8+ T cells but on the other hand may facilitate NK cell-mediated killing \[[@B39]\]. Nonetheless, HLA class I molecule expression can be restored in human NB cells by IFN-*γ* \[[@B40]\], produced by activated T and NK cells, allowing NB cell recognition by CTLs. It is important to note that NKT cells have been involved in the immune response to human NB \[[@B18]\] and that activated NKT cells may express FoxP3 \[[@B41]\]. Therefore a possible role of activated NKT cells cannot be excluded. Finally, since low expression of all tested molecular markers, although not significantly, associated to a worselymphoma cell lines. We have performed duplicate experiments using mice injected with DoHH2 cells (Figure [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}). At the gemcitabine dose of 120 μg/gm (\~ 2.4 mg/mouse), used in previous reports \[[@B26]\] weekly for 3 doses, there was modest prolongation of median survival, with 0/5 and 2/6 long-term survivors in the two experiments. We used sub-maximally tolerated doses of rituximab, 5 μg per mouse, which had modest therapeutic effect (1/11 long-term survivors combined). Combination therapy with these two agents at the same dose and schedule, however, markedly prolonged survival (p = 0.04, left; p = 0.01, right for rituximab + gemcitabine vs rituximab), and cured 9 of 11 mice. The surviving mice were euthanized at the end of the experiment and found to be histologically negative for lymphoma. Discussion ========== This report

even more of capacity. These discarded PET bottles containing liquid are sometimes referred to in the recycling industry as “wet PET”. Water, and for that matter any liquid, will interfere with the infrared detection systems of modern automated sorters rendering these partially filled containers harder to detect. The general condition of the waste offers unique problems that need to be solved. Near infrared (NIR) based sorting systems used in today's industry sense in the range of about 800 nm to 2400 nm and typically operate either in reflection mode or in transmission mode. In reflection mode broad band NIR radiation is often employed to be reflected off the surface of the material being analyzed (the sample—in this case it would be a packaging container). As the NIR radiation interactsas the x axis and a second portion that operates on a second piezoelectric holder displacing device that controls the tilting of the same mirror about an axis perpendicular to the x axis, referred to as the y axis. The control signal is derived from the observed radiation to be measured coming out of the interferometer and is generated in such a way that during alternating brief periods determined by a timing circuit the mirror serving for control of parallelism is first checked and controlled with respect to one tilt axis and then similarly checked and controlled with respect to the other, in each case being swung very slightly back and forth about the axis in question in order to determine at what position the resulting intensity of

nine of them becoming hurricanes with at least 74 mph winds. The university will update its forecast in April. Hurricane Season Last year, while La Nina gained strength, 19 named storms formed in the Atlantic, tying it for the third-most-active season on record with 1995 and 1887, according to the U.S. National Hurricane Center. A record 28 storms formed in 2005. Hurricane season starts on June 1 and ends on Nov. 30. Some forecast models predict the Pacific will return to neutral conditions, between a La Nina and the above-average warming known as El Nino. Gray said getting an accurate read on what La Nina will do in three months’ time is difficult because forecasting confidence falls during March, April and May. Those three months are often called the “spring barrier” by U.S. forecasters. “It is a tough barrier, you don’t know whatQ: Can I assign a form to a variable? So if I have a form called myForm and a field called myField, I know I can access that field by using: document.myForm.myField.value Is there a way to assign the form itself to a variable like: var f = document.myForm so that I can access the fields by just using: f.myField.value in order to save myself some typing? I tried it and it didn't work so I don't know if it's not possible or if I'm just doing something wrong. A: Yes. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset=utf-8 /> <title>JS Bin</title> </head> <body> <form id="example"> <input name="field" value="default value"> </form> <script> var frm = document.forms.example; alert(frm.elements.field.value); </script> </body> </html>

[Clinical usability and practicability of Alfaxalone for short-term anaesthesia in the cat after premedication with Buprenorphine]. Objective of this clinical study was to assess the anaesthetic quality (induction and recovery) and utility of short term alfaxalone anaesthesia in healthy and diseased cats. Cardiopulmonary effects and the influence on haematological and biochemical blood parameters were evaluated. Twenty feline patients (ASA1-4) were anaesthetized with alfaxalone for various short surgical or diagnostic procedures. Heart rate, breathing rate, end-tidal CO2 partial pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, mean arterial blood pressure and the body temperature were measured and recorded every 10 minutes. Before, after and 6 hours after anaesthesia venous blood samples were taken and haematologic and blood chemistry parameters were determined. Recovery time and quality were assessed by a numerical rating scale. Anaesthetic inductionclone was further established by the location of unique restriction enzyme sites within each clone. Final identification of each clone was performed by hybrid-arrested cell-free translation. The sizes of the milk protein cDNA clones ranged frm 70% for the alpha-lactalbumin gene to essentially full length for the gamma-casein gene, in comparison to their respective mRNAs. This represents the first isolation of a family of peptide hormone-responsive genes.

While the vast majority of officers testify truthfully, there remains a disturbing incidence of false testimony told to protect the “thin blue line. Without this recording, there would be no way that Perino would have been held accountable. Prosecutors, as here, routinely take the word of the officers without independent inquiry. He faces 12 counts of first-degree perjury and faces as many as seven years on each count, prosecutors said. For the full story, click here Share this: Twitter Reddit Facebook Email smd rect (at -43.815 -1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 3 smd rect (at -42.545 1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 4 smd rect (at -42.545 -1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 5 smd rect (at -41.275 1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 6 smd rect (at -41.275 -1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 7 smd rect (at -40.005 1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 8 smd rect (at -40.005 -1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 9 smd rect (at -38.735 1.905) (size 0.66 1.35) (layers F.Cu F.Mask F.Paste)) (pad 10 smd rect (at -38.735 -1.905) (size 0.66 1.35)

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Q: MAX7219 not behaving as expected I have 2 rows of 12 MAX7219 connected in series with DOUT to DIN (rows are isolated). Now the thing is I am using LedControl Library to work with it. The problem is the last 4 Matrices on both the rows don't work. The sequence in my code is like this where (row, column, matrix) is used to define the row and column of the matrix and I am talking about a single ROW from two ROWs of 12. Sequence in Code What Happens ---------------- ----------------- (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 0) (0, 1, 1) I to do ♪" "♪ What am I to do ♪" "♪ Can't help it ♪" "Traitor!" "[GERMAN ACCENT] Traitor?" "You call Marlene Dietrich a traitor after all the time I've given to the troops?" "Guten Morgen." "Was ist los?" "This is another one of those times when nobody says anything until I'm out of the room." "It's okay." "I'll go." "I'll find someone to talk to." "Maybe after school I'll get married and buy a condominium." "Then my wife and I can invite you over for dinner and we can leave so you can talk." "Goodbye, Jessica." "Daddy, why are you acting like Marlene Dietrich?" "Who should I act like, Eleanor Roosevelt?" "But who told you you were Marlene Dietrich?" "Well, it's a hell of a lot

story about a plane landing on the highway, and when he came home that morning, Jess," "he had already showered." "How do you know?" "His hair was damp, and he smelled of soap... a woman's soap." "Men are so dumb to shower." "I mean, Chester used to come home after a long, hard day's work smelling better than when he left." "How could he do it, Jess?" "How could he do that to me?" "Uh..." "Mary, you have to talk to him." "Are you kidding?" "Oh, Mary, you have to." "I mean, one affair doesn't mean the end of the marriage." "I mean, if it did," "Chester and I would have been finished on the honeymoon." "On your honeymoon?" "Well, looking back, probably." "Because I..." "I really can't1. Introduction =============== Sound is caused turbulent changes in a gas, such as air, a fluid or a solid, and the sounds of the human voice are created by vibrations of the vocal cords \[[@B001]\]. The making of a voice in terms of Korean medicine was written about in 「Dongeuibogam (東醫寶鑑)」, 「Naegyeongpyeon (內景篇) Voice Chapter (聲音門)」, in which the Heart is described as the host of the voice, the Lungs as the gate of coming of the voice, and the Kidneys as the root of the voice \[[@B002]\]. Evil Qi, such as Wind, Cold, Summer Heat, Dampness, Blood, Phlegm,or Heat, invading the Heart and the Lungs or the Kidneys being weak can cause a patient to become voiceless \[[@B002]\]. As to the relationship between voice and general health, a men

the vibrations of the vocal cords, the vocal tract, and the voice-making organs that act as filters. 2.1. Basic voice-analyzing variables ------------------------------------ There are many voice-analyzing variables, but considering medical aspects, a few basic variables can be summarized: for instance, the fundamental frequency (F0), the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency (F0 SD), the formant, the jitter, the shimmer and the harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). The degree of high and low as to what a human can hear and understand is called pitch. Pitch can be assumed to be the fundamental frequency in terms of the voice-analyzing variables \[[@B004]\]. Therefore, pitch and F0 represent the same idea. F0 differs according to age and sex. The range of F0 in boys and girls at the ages of 3 to 10 years is aboutGak (角) voice in Wood property, Chi (徵) Voice in Fire property and Wu (羽) voice in Water property. Gung voice has the longest and thickest voice. Chi voice comes from Gung voice, it has a little short and a little high-pitched and a little clear voice. Sang voice comes from Chi voice and it has a little long and a little low and a little thick voice. Wu voice comes from Sang voice and it has a shortest and the most high-pitched voice. Gak voice comes from Wu voice and it has in the middle of long and short, high-pitched and low-pitched, clear and thick \[[@B010]\]. In recent Chinese five voices treatment music, Gung music is in C major scale and has bright and calm feelings. On the

many millions of minds: If we live in the middle of the greatest economy ever known, how come I'm not happier and the planet is going straight to hell, or at least a place of a similar temperature? And so they began their return to a world that seemed more real and complete, in their case a farmstead in southern Wisconsin. But because they were neither angry at the world nor stoned, they were able to travel in some kind of real balance. They didn't feel the need to become completely self-sufficient — in fact, they quickly figured out that one of the joys of rural life was finding all the other people who knew more than you did about something and would help you with it. (Andfarmhouse itself exudes its own energy and personality, a blending of tradition with modern times. We cook up hearty, farm-fresh eggs and vegetables for breakfast omelets, while B&B guests take a morning shower upstairs with water heated by the sun. Inn Serendipity beckons, bringing people together and growing community. Restoration in a Living Economy We plucked ourselves from the concrete jungle of Chicago and planted roots in a place where we could see stars and hear frogs, having faith that goodness would serendipitously blossom. A place where community could be cared for and nature could be nurtured. Could we rediscover who we are creatively, rekindle meaningful relationships, become more self-reliant and independent, and live a more healthy and harmonious lifestyle in greater balance with the earth? We wanted to live

instant when the night stars and the pink of the sunrise slowly dance together. While our story is rural, the repeating cycles of nature are ones we all share regardless of whether we're living in the country, city or suburbs. Many of the ideas presented could just as easily be done in the city or suburban subdivision — in fact, many have. We hope that our story and experiences provide kindling for the fires of your own dreams, and will help ignite or perhaps continue your personal quest for creating the good life, however you may come to define it. Chapter 1 Living by Green Design Sustainable Living e aren’t too concerned about what the neighbors think, or with keeping up with the Joneses. The neighbors aren’t close enough to see ussynthetic dyes or colors. (At the time, there were few organic cotton options and none that we could afford.) Our country living naiveté surfaced after washing these towels when we discovered rust-colored stains. We called Carol, sure that something was wrong with the house plumbing or washing machine. Instead, she patiently explained that the well water, higher in mineral content, had been the culprit. Great for drinking, the water will sometimes leave its mark on light-colored materials when laundering. What do we do now? We had invested a fair amount in these quality towels, and while we didn’t want to have to use harsh stain removers, we didn’t want our B&B guests thinking that we tried to reuse towels and sheets without washing them. Saving the day, Christopher,

with a rescued item or two: a kitchen countertop for the greenhouse, a set of windows, wood hangers for the attic closet. We've learned that homemade cookies or piping-hot eggrolls are the best thank you for Paul. How to Assessing Our Impacts: Ecological Footprints What if our planet couldn't sustain its human population? Many scientists already believe that we're experiencing an era known as the planet's sixth extinction, during which millions of plant and animal species are being wiped out forever. Millions of people go without food, safe drinking water and adequate shelter — daily. According to Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees of Redefining Progress, if everyone lived the way we do, we would need 2.8 planet Earths to support our lifestyle. Wackernagel and Rees define an ecological footprint, measured init so much that you never make the change. Some dream-funding strategies we adopted during our journey included: • Frugality rules. The concept of saving hardly exudes sexiness, but it does provide an option that anyone can do at differing degrees, depending on circumstances. When we made the decision to exit the urban world, we went cold-turkey when it came to spending money. Dinners out, taxi rides, impulse shopping, and basically everything else except the basic needs disappeared. We learned to examine every purchase and question our true needs. The adventure of it all provided us with more positive energy and satisfaction than consumption did. Staying within our means. Cost of living and related real estate costs vary considerably across the continent. We chose our area of Wisconsin

our discoveries include: • Clothing. Shoes, underwear, shirts, pants we wear everyday, but only until recently did we understand how widespread exploitative child and adult sweatshop labor is. Co-op America's website <www.sweatshop.org>, keeps us up to date on the latest information about companies employing unfair and exploitative labor practices. Increased use of synthetic fibers and the immense use of pesticides in growing cotton has resulted in our increased interest in organic fibers, or at least in fibers that are natural and unbleached. Now, some of Liam's diapers, two sets of B&B linens, and a growing collection of our tee-shirts are organic and produced by ecologically and socially responsible manufacturers. We avoid Disney paraphernalia made in welldocumented exploitative factories and buy a Patagonia fleece jacket made in the USbe removed from mailing lists, send a note including your address to: Mail Preference Service, Direct Marketing Association, P.O. Box 9008, Farmingdale, NY 11735-9008. And for a blissfully silent dinnertime telephone, send a note including your telephone numbers to: Telephone Preference Service, Direct Marketing Association, P.O. Box 9014, Farmingdale, NY 11735. To make a dent in unwanted e-mail solicitations, “opt out” at <www.dmaconsumers.org>. For those solicitations we do field, we take the opportunity, in the case of a mailed solicitation, to send everything back, enclosures and all, with our refusal of credit, subscription or other offer. In our office, we use the clean side of once-used paper for our fax, printer, and for notes. For the limited printing of our B&B literature and newsletter, we've found 100 percent

This leaves the room with a damp, clammy feeling. A properly sized unit will remove humidity effectively while it cools. Running a smaller unit for a longer time will use less energy to completely condition a room than running a larger unit for a shorter time. For the rest of the house, we usually do what worked before the advent of air conditioning: open the windows at night when it's cool and close them during the day. With our “low E” double-pane windows, the cool nighttime air is trapped in the house. Deciduous trees to the south and west of the house offer protection from the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and the small pond immediately to the west provides a cool microclimate. • Dehumidifiers.company since we didn't fit into their cookie-cutter application boxes. For one, we worked in the non-profit world and voluntarily accepted significantly less pay than a decade before, when we worked at the ad agency. We knew we had enough money for a down payment and monthly payments because we had such minimal living expenses; we grew much of our own foods, and we bought scrap lumber from the local lumber yard to fuel our wood stove for $15 a pick-up load. 36 RURAL RENAISSANCE Our two used cars were owned free and clear, and we used a credit card like a onemonth interest free loan from the bank, never carrying a balance. None of these facts seemed to matter to, much less impress, the mortgage company. The fact that we

Woods property one day. While learning responsible forest stewardship practices, we decided to support sustainable forestry through our more immediate wood purchases by buying Forest Stewardship Council-certified (FSC-certified) wood directly from a nearby sustainable-woods cooperative. The FSC oversees the independent third party review of forestry management and harvest practices, and serves as an information clearinghouse for companies selling FSC-certified wood products. While locating FSC-certified wood at our local lumberyards was a challenge, companies like Home Depot are beginning to include some products in their inventory. However, prices can be higher than non-FSC products. We supported the bioregional economy and met our building needs without sacrificing the environment by purchasing our FSC wood directly from the closest sustainable woods cooperative we could find, which was about 60 miles (97is about constant innovation and creative expression. This movement toward sustainable and more simple living, a movement that has assumed many different forms depending upon where and how the movement is being realized, is in its infancy. But it's growing. In the country, a rural renaissance is underway, particularly in counties with the greatest scenic value and amenities. Entire small town main streets are being rebuilt and restored. Swaths of the countryside are being set aside in perpetuity as farmland, open space or conservation lands. Entire neighborhoods in suburbs and large cities have experienced grassroots sustainability initiatives, in places like Seattle and Prairie Crossing, a suburban development north of Chicago, where a whole new approach to living with nature is being cultivated within the RURAL RENAISSANCE For the first time

they are often fun, carnival-like events that help create community and bring growers and those who love agricultural products together. They're the perfect spot for leisurely strolling with a market basket, taking in the sights, smells, relationships and, of course, fresh foods. There's no extra packaging, no preservatives, and no fancy advertising campaigns. For updated listings of farmers' markets in the US, visit <www.ams.usda.gov/farmersmarkets/map.htm>. Becoming an active participant at a local farmers' market can be accomplished in the following ways: • Engage the farmers at the market by asking them how they decided on the kinds of crops they are growing: whether they grow organically; how long it took to harvest; what time they got up that day to make it to market. A conversation and a cantaloupe3/4 c. onion, finely chopped 1/4 c. all-purpose white flour 1 t. salt 1/8 t. black pepper 2 eggs, lightly beaten Preparation Set oven racks at middle and lower positions. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Prepare 2 baking sheets by brushing each with one teaspoon oil ( or use non-stick pans). Grate potatoes with a hand grater or the shredding blade of a food processor. Place in a large bowl and add onions, flour, salt and pepper; toss with 2 forks to mix well. Add eggs and remaining 1 teaspoon oil; toss to mix (it is easiest to mix using clean hands). Drop heaping tablespoons of this mixture onto the prepared baking sheets and press with a spoon to make a flat pancake. Bake approximately 15 minutes or until pancake

head to get our act together. Our potatoes remind us to appreciate the everyday simplicities that surround us that we take for granted: a grandmother's stories; nursing a baby to sleep; a typical Wednesday night supper at home with the family. Sometimes, we fall into the trap of longing for what isn't there, dreaming of tropical islands as the snow falls. Those crates of potatoes teach us that we can find strength in familiarity. It's our responsibility to nurture the proverbial potatoes in our lives, to give gratitude for everyday simplicities, and never take a spud for granted. How to Finding Our Place How do we know where we live? When do we know we are where we need to be – whole, alive, at peace, happy? What sets our countrycarrots will I am prepared to expect never be completely clean. That's okay. wonders. For the first time in our adult life, we had decided to stay put, — Henry David Thoreau, ending more than a decade of moving and traveling. Our mobilThe Dispersion of Seeds ity — always searching for the better job, more dynamic city-life, more spacious living space — seemed to get us no further along, since our perspective and the terrain kept changing. Once we settled down, however, the whole natural world unfolded. We became grounded in the familiar, connected to a naturally occurring cycle, and at peace with not moving and going. 65 W 66 RURAL RENAISSANCE When we started growing and eating our own food from seeds we planted, this quest for authenticity oozed into the rest

necessary — for recycled or other — From The Velveteen Rabbit, by Margery Williams Bianco more sustainably manufactured material. We call this premium “nature's share” — the value so often missing in the price tags of so many other products. Recycling can only work if we buy recycled products as much as we recycle. And sometimes, the quest to be real leads to difficult, often imperfect decisions — we buy some pretty toxic super glue so that we can fix, rather than landfill, the pitcher, coffee mugs and the ceramic flower vase. Authenticity isn't perfection; it constitutes effort. Every seed in the packet won't germinate; we need to remember to plant multiple seeds, and then water, weed, mulch and patiently wait. Likewise, our desire to live authentically tests ourfor extra income. Seeds were saved the biodiversity business, we've already noticed for next year's garden or crop. Chores were increasing bird populations and the arrival of shared and the family was fed by the food frogs. Our pursuits offer us the opportunity to grown on premise. Our farmstead once grow and learn about the life forces around us, reflected such diversity, and it's something we and become better caretakers. are trying to gradually recreate, on more sustainable terms for today's times. Our chickens have taken up residence in the coop, after an absence of about forty years. The old granary is now a strawbale-insulated greenhouse. An easy-access herb bed is right out the back door, vigorously greeting guests with a whiff of basil and chives. Llamas reign

that all tomatoes are red, round and identical in taste — we're among this generation. Heirloom gardening has changed attitudes and discriminatory tastes. There are hundreds of different tomato varieties, and although some are red and round, there are many others with incredibly complex flavors and a virtual rainbow of colors! • Hybrids (multiple generation). Hybrids are seeds based on the genetic offspring of two patented parent crosses, which are often patented by a seed company. These hybrids that are open-pollinated will reproduce, allowing seeds to be saved from one year to the next. As far as hybrid seeds go, these are the seeds that we also support. • Hybrids (first generation – F1). F1 hybrids are seeds based on the genetic offspring of two parent crosses. Thesenitrogen as they break down the vegetation into a nutrient-rich humus. Worms also help speed up the process of decomposition by digesting the organic matter, leaving nutrient-rich castings. As long as the pile allows air to move through and aid in the decomposition process, the compost pile will not smell foul. Keeping meat scraps out of the pile also helps, keeping away scavengers and avoiding possible pathogens. This active, aerobic decomposition process stands in direct contrast to the infamous — and smelly — decomposition process that occurs in an outhouse, which is anaerobic. The best compost pile is one that doesn't smell! When spreading the humus, a little compost goes a long way; application should be done evenly and sparingly. Sifting the humus helps separate particles and any

clumps that exist. Ideally, the humus should be worked into the first couple inches of soil. Adapted in part from the publication Self-Guided Tour of the Farm, from the Center of Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems at the University of California at Santa Cruz. GROWING AND GARDENING 75 This was a new approach for us, the idea of focusing on the soil — the foundation of life — rather than troubleshooting plant problems. Conventional farming and gardening typically blankets entire crops with a clever cure: Spray the corn with pesticide; dust the flower beds with a fungicide. We tended to take the same quick fix mentality in other parts of our life, so we could appreciate the lure of the spray-and-solve-it solution created by advertisers. Make the crisis of the moment go away andtry to experiment a little every year. The core of our growing focus is what we personally relish on our plate: various greens, potatoes, onions, broccoli, beets, cabbage, squashes, and an abundance of tomatoes and sugar snap peas. The garden came with perennials: raspberries, asparagus, rhubarb and a hearty horseradish plant for which we haven't yet developed an appreciation; we've also added several strawberry beds that have taken off to the point that if you say the word June, we start to salivate and fantasize over that first fresh strawberry of the season. Still, particularly during those early growing seasons, we harbored some unrealistic images of the quintessential, neat and tidy garden with nary a weed in view. Well, that idea went straight to the compost heap around

duty: pruning the raspberry bushes. We bundle up, clippers in hand, and head into the patch to cut dead branches to the ground. These branches, which were rich and heavy with berries during the previous season, take on a new role as mulch. Being outdoors and actively gardening at this time of year, even as the winter winds blow, is invigorating. By mid-July, our raspberry patch gifts us with a smattering of fruit, followed by a more bountiful crop in August that continues until our first frost in mid-October. We pick raspberry seeds from our teeth for most of the summer, indulging in fresh GROWING AND GARDENING 87 berries nearly every day; it's impossible to walk past the patch and not do a little sampling. We make a few batches of raspberry jamand about two gallons of raspberry cordial, and we tray freeze the rest in their juicy natural state. The defrosted berries are perfect for topping a January angel food cake while gazing out the window at the dormant raspberry patch. Winter dormancy is an important part of both the raspberry RASPBERRY CORDIAL RECIPE cycle and our own cycle of living. Ingredients However, we're often guilty of 2 quarts raspberries ignoring the restorative power of 2 quarts 190-200 proof whole grain alcohol. Can also dormancy found in winter. The use a high proof/cheap vodka - works just as well. One raspberry bush doesn't cling to 190 proof bottle is a little more than 1 quart. those last leaves and keep pumping 2 quarts water out berries; it gives in

emulate the bare landscape by retreating and hibernating. We use these cold months to rekindle our creative sides, plan new projects, catch up on loose ends, sleep more, and experiment with new soup recipes. When the fall harvest is in high gear and we're freezing tomato sauce like mad, mulching the garden and running around trying to soak in every last warm ray of sun, we start craving winter. We start the annual winter project list, things we'll get to when we can retreat and focus. One winter John worked with Paul, our contractor, to replace many of our leaky windows with double-pane insulated ones. We watched all three parts of The Godfather on video. Lisa experimented with baking authentic sour dough rye bread, worthy of her Estonianlady's house, and how the daughter had happily loaded her car with the jars. Lisa understood; the daughter probably had warm memories of the pantry shelves stacked with jars as she was growing up. She knew how important the process was to her mother, and knew that her mother would want her jars preserved by continuing in the canning tradition. No money needed to be exchanged; the inherent value was understood and appreciated. Another reason these elderly folks cling to their canning jars is the special remembrance of a self-created product, a quality lost in today's manufactured and pre-packaged world. While strawberries multiply exponentially in late June, strawberry syrup over pancakes is a decadent, distinctive treat to be savored come January. Canned salsa over eggs adds zest to

of special things, times and experiences — and a bit more self-reliant. We're hardly living the life of rural deprived monks; rather, we've learned to savor the special moments when they happen. We mix the art of preserving with some modern conveniences; for us, moving to the farm never meant back-tracking to recreate the farmstead of a century ago. Inn Serendipity is not a historic farm replication, plowed by horses, with water retrieved from a hand-cranked well. Instead, the appropriate use of today's technologies make our more sustainable existence more viable — photovoltaic and wind turbine systems meet our energy needs; a chainsaw makes working up logs for the woodstove manageable. Rather than abandon some of the technologies now available, we carefully select those tools that serve ourlocally: hope for the future. At first, local folks seemed cautiously curious, politely nodding their heads when Amy, Kristen and Dave zealously described their plans to grow hundreds of different varieties of flowers on a half acre, organically to boot. “That's interesting,” they'd say as they gazed over the east field where Morning Star Garden would shortly bloom. One retired local farmer pulled over on County P alongside the field where “the kids” were planting and, after some polite conversation, asked,“So, are you growing any marijuana?” Uh, no. There are some situations in life where hard work pays off and is respected, and farming is one of them. Every day, Dave, Kristen and Amy would be out in the field, in the cold and rainy early spring, the

of comfort. In fact, in places like sustainable Seattle and the Prairie Crossing development outside Chicago, they're already taking place. Energy Conservation Before generating electricity ourselves, our first step was to make our home as energy efficient as possible within the limits of our budgets and situation. We did not want to replace something just because it was not an Energy Star appliance, unless it would immediately translate into significant energy savings (as was the case with our refrigerator). We’ve realized, too, that our conservation efforts have even broader potential. Given that we run a B&B, work from a home office, and have any number of other work and personal projects on the go, our conservation and efficiency decisions flow seamlessly across our work and personal lives. We are attemptingthermal system for domestic hot water at Inn Serendipity. 114 RURAL RENAISSANCE optimal solar gain angles. We needed someone who knew what they were doing and could ensure that the system would continue to run smoothly. So we made arrangements with Bob, a renewable energy contractor and consultant, to design the system and guide its installation. We didn't know exactly what to expect when Bob pulled into our driveway, hauling behind him a trailer with our three solar collectors. Nearing age 50, he came from a different generation of renewable energy homesteaders who tended to wear their hair long and sport tie-dye clothing. While many of his generation turned mainstream minivan along the way, he and his wife, Marguerite, still exuded an independent, hard-working ethic of self-reliance on their land, growing

reduce the installed cost. An increasing number of areas offer net metering, which offers the ability to bank, or store, surplus energy produced on the grid. Producing local electricity reduces the load on the grid and helps support further development of renewable energy sources by encouraging others to adopt their own energy generation systems. In our case, surplus energy generated is credited back to us in the form of a refund check. For our 480-watt demonstration PV system, the installed cost (including inkind labor) was about $8,350, less a $3,000 WisconSUN (Wisconsin Energy JOHN IVANKO ENERGY, INDEPENDENCE AND INTERDEPENDENCE 125 Bureau) grant, and a $536 Wisconsin Focus on Energy cash-back grant. This resulted in our PV system having a net $10 per watt installed cost. We hope to generate about 536 kWh perhot water we run it through our toilets. Nice and cozy in the winter,” he chuckled with a mischievous youthful grin, his wife Judy joining in with a smile. Our stares continued, but now for different reasons. Turns out that Phil and Judy, despite their down to earth and humble nature, were experts in the renewable energy field. They ran their own company, Solar Use Now of Wisconsin (SUN for short), doing renewable energy installations and sales in the 1970s when the use of renewable energy during the energy crisis was booming and tax credits readily available under the Carter administration. Here we thought we were our own little island of renewable energy when down the road lived Phil and Judy with their collectors, knowledge and years of

to complete our local electric utility's requirements for a grid intertie system. SOURCES AND RESOURCES American Wind Energy Association Website: www.awea.org For the latest information related to wind energy generation, regardless of system size. Windustry Website: www.windustry.org From large-scale to small residential wind turbine systems, this non-profit organization offers extensive wind turbine information and the ability to locate systems throughout the US. Paul Gipe, Wind Energy Basics: A Guide to Small and Micro Wind Systems, Chelsea Green Publishing, 1999. Paul Gipe, Wind Power for Home and Business: Renewable Energy for the 1990s and Beyond, Chelsea Green Publishing, 1993. ENERGY, INDEPENDENCE AND INTERDEPENDENCE 133 The Heart and Hearth of Fire We spend many evenings staring at the black box in the living room. We sit transfixed around it for hours during the cold winter months, entrancedMost of our B&B guests come up in pairs, be it married couples, dating pairs, siblings or friends. They are people who already know each other pretty well, yet it's amazing how many new relationship revelations take place around the campfire. We once hosted a professional couple in their late 20s, Sharon and Pradeep. Both were doctors, shared an Indian family background, and had been married for a couple of years. We exchanged our introductory pleasantries and took them on a customary tour of the farm when they first arrived, but conversation really crackled around the campfire. Somehow the discussion around flames and under the stars that night got on the topic of the supernatural: did we individually believe in ghosts and UFOs? As we went around the

circle with each of us sharing our perspective on the topic, it grew clear that Pradeep was quite fascinated by this topic and had put a lot of thought to the matter. He seemed convinced that there was indeed something else out there in a positive sort of way. At the same time, we noticed his wife Sharon grew clearly spooked by the whole supernatural topic, feeling that even if there was something else out there, it wasn't friendly. She didn't want anything to do with it. As the flames flickered and the conversation continued, it became more of a two-way dialogue between Sharon and Pradeep, with the two of us as quiet bystanders and fire tenders. Sharon and Pradeep were in a close relationship with history andquickly eaten could be placed in the coolest corner of the basement. With our woodstove aglow, we can snuggle self-sufficiently around the stove, able to prepare our meals on top of the stove and drink melted snow. A woodstove is a system much like other renewable energy systems. It's composed of the stove, stovepipe, chimney, floor protection, building code and manufacturer Energy efficient 1. Step-top design (a) offers a radiant-heat surface for cooking, and (b) a convection-heat surface for warming. 2. Pre-heated air wash cleans the glass like a self-cleaning over; (a) a steady stream of fresh air enters the stove, gets hot as it is drawn up the side tubes, and (b) then travels across the glass to burn off any residue. 3. Solid brass door and cast iron

types of stoves we considered include the catalytic, pellet and masonry stoves, each with cost, design and heating considerations. Catalytic stoves are most similar to our non-catalytic stove with the key exception that it features a catalytic converter which helps burn gases before they escape through the chimney. Smoke from the fire chamber passes through a ceramic honeycomb coated with platinum or palladium which chemically interacts with smoke particulates, resulting in a more complete combustion at half the temperature of the firebox. Pellet stoves, stoves that burn pellets made of sawdust or corn, provide another option for biomass heat and tend to burn even cleaner than current woodstove models but require electricity in their operation. A masonry stove — also known as cook-stove-ovenfireplace — resembles a fireplace, andour personal energy. Walking the labyrinth provides such an experience as a moving meditation. One approach we've used with walking the labyrinth is to silently ask a question while walking to the middle. This may be dealing with a creative block on a writing piece, apprehension over an upcoming workshop presentation, or it may simply be, after a busy week, How can I rekindle my personal energy? As we walk the labyrinth towards the center, we seem to be symbolically walking to the center of ourselves, and perhaps gaining an answer to our question. Despite the fact that the actual path of the labyrinth is always the same, each walking experience is different. One time the sunflowers surrounding the labyrinth may be in full bloom, another time a

and bustle of day-to-day living. According to Veriditas: The World-Wide Labyrinth Project, there are three stages of the labyrinth walk: (1) purgation, a releasing, a letting go of the details in our life, quieting and emptying the mind; (2) illumination, the arrival to the center and an unlimited time for meditation, prayer and thought; and (3) union, the process by which we join the healing forces at work in the world, connect with nature, God, the higher power. For us, when we connect this way, we feel empowered to continue along our journey of right livelihood and sustainable living. The labyrinth at Inn Serendipity is circular in design, with a diameter of about 50 feet (15 m). A wall of radiant sunflowers, their flower heads following the arcintroduce us to a new design or approach. We have a natural tendency to surround ourselves with people similar to ourselves, people who mirror our life stages and perspectives, thereby validating our existence. If everyone around us operates the same way and wears the same thing, we must be okay. Falling victim to this peer group echo while living in Chicago, we surrounded ourselves with twenty-something clones. We had been to London, hung out at Wrigley Field, and sipped wine together at art gallery openings. While moving to a rural community didn't increase social diversity from an ethnic or racial perspective, we developed several deep bonds with some local senior citizens who have guided us to new insights and experiences. Retiring from active living, they're not. They are

cards post-event, and now it has become our specialty, using the same idea for baby scrapbook gifts as well. That Interesting Couple on County P If you hear someone around these parts refer to that “interesting couple on County P,” that would be us. Guess we've earned that reputation. A solar hot water heating system sits on our roof. We're continually tearing out our lawn and replacing it with native plants, trees, shrubs and perennials. We built some strange pagan thing called a labyrinth. We constructed a greenhouse using straw bales. We grow organically, are married but have different last names, and host a curious lot of people passing through the farm, from songwriters to peace activists. We wear interesting as a badge of honor. When someone calls us interesting,cappuccino? We've had cappuccino from Florence, Italy to Little Italy in Boston and a slew of coffeehouses in between. During our transition between the office cubicle and the farm's barns, John worked as a barista at a Starbucks in downtown Chicago. He could pull a shot of espresso with the best of them. On another, more deeper level, when Anna called asking the cappuccino question, we felt like we were finally at home, accepted into a community. Anna's question reflected her interest in a new experience, just like the time we toured her farm to learn about raising pigs and cows. We trusted that she'd not make a mockery of our ignorance about how farms operate. She trusted that we'd not make her feel selfconscious about never having

connection, a sense of belonging to something deeper than an address and mortgage. And we did. We realized that community isn't really a noun, it's a verb. It’s not something that quaintly descends upon us because we live in an area with more cows than people. Moving to the country from the an urban setting means more than filling out a change of address form at the post office. We have voluntarily joined a different culture, engaged in a conversion of sorts. In our American society of homogenized suburbia or increasingly gentrified urban enclaves, we forget to realize and appreciate that being surrounded by privacy fences and gates is not the only way to live. It's up to us to meet the other side with openness and understanding.is consistent with this strategy. The granary proved to be an ideal opportunity; but what we failed to anticipate was how building a house of straw serendipitously builds community, and is yet another refrain of the energy theme: positive energy attracts and further stimulates positive energy. Our visions stimulate other ideas, and community is expanded in the process. Our vision is to cultivate Wisconsin-grown bananas or papayas in the greenhouse, furthering our food independence while also offering niche agricultural crops for sale. We also have tropical visions of soaking in the greenhouse hot tub on icy January days. The straw bale greenhouse is oriented south, with east and west-facing walls containing insulated glass glazing. The remainder of the structure is in-filled with straw bale and covered with 2

the time straw bales were being stacked, the original granary walls had been stripped, revealing the foundation, timber framing and roof - ready for the straw bale infill, chicken-wire lath, stitching and stuccoing. Straw Bale September brought a constant stream of curious, inspiring, and memorable people who willingly stacked bales, sewed walls together and plastered. All the straw balers who came that September gave a bit of themselves to bring our dream into reality. Matt, Joe and Karl were the three “straw bale boys,” the backbone of the straw bale aspects of the project. Matt's company, Native Earth Construction, provided the technical expertise and experience we lacked. Karl, a devoted bicycle repair person and jack of most trades from northern Wisconsin, seemed to most enjoy the work whenlook back on that month of September, we realize that much more than a building was created. Things came together and connected in ways we never dreamed possible. Friends in town gave us a call and said they had a stockpile of old windows stored in their barn they were happy to get rid of if we could use them. A local contractor called to see if we could use a couple of storm doors he was ripping out that would have otherwise been destined for the landfill. Judy and Phil brought over orange pudding flavored ice cream from the local creamery one night for everyone, which hit the spot in more ways than one. Strawbale September was also particularly poignant because it happened during the September 11th

If it isn't fun, why do it? This is only possible when we don't have all our eggs in one basket. Case in point was our relationship with the North American Bluebird Society, an international non-profit organization dedicated to conservation of cavity-nesting birds. We job-shared the executive director position for four years, dedicating ourselves to helping this twenty-plus year-old organization get back on stable financial ground by fundraising, computerizing its operations, expanding its outreach and guiding the organization to better achieve its stated research mission. It was a great situation for several years, enabling us to work together and from home, offering an outlet for our conservation passions, connecting us to enthusiastic and dedicated bluebirders and providing more steady compensation. After about four years, the board of directorshas been to identify what we're passionate about, and then create our B&B around those interests. Not only will our energy and enthusiasm multiply, but we attract the kinds of people and energy to our business that feed our passion and 190 RURAL RENAISSANCE promote a deep sense of satisfaction. This approach extends to any type of business, but we feel it is particularly salient in this industry, as a B&B can be a perfect canvas for personal expression. Yet we meet folks who go into innkeeping and feel compelled to fit an expected mold. For example, we attended an organic farming conference and stayed at a B&B in a small town along the Mississippi River. We often stay at B&Bs while traveling; we learn a lot from other innkeepers, while

to attract the guests we desire and enjoy, and who most enjoy what we have to offer. Instead, we use our marketing funds selectively, working with various like-minded non-profit groups or companies with similar values. We may, for example, pay for an ad in a food cooperative newsletter, or donate a gift certificate for a night's stay to a fundraiser for a Montessori school. Such marketing efforts not only connect us directly with people who would most likely enjoy staying at Inn Serendipity, but it also lets us to use advertising dollars to support causes and organizations that resonate with us. Our long-term goal with Inn Serendipity isn't a plan of national franchises or multi-room expansions. Bigger is not better. Rather than one end-goal, we have three ongoingThe Co-op America Business Network, now over 2,000 businesses and growing, provides tools and resources to expand our market, and reduce the cost of doing business - responsibly. Green Hotel Association Website: www.greenhotels.com The Green Hotel Association encourages, promotes and supports the greening of the lodging industry and offers a directory of approved lodging establishments. Home Sweet Office We've never actually seen a ghost, but our place is haunted. We're connected to kindred working-at-home spirits of past farming generations. On the surface we may appear different from previous generations, with our Internet connections and home computers. But past generations of family farms exemplified home enterprise, managing and merging their business and personal lives under one roof. While we brought a new generation of ideas, technology and skills, our goals are

and exploration, logging]. In some journeyed to St. Martin, a French-Dutch island in the instances, the impact actually Caribbean. There we visited Loterie Farm, a creative eco- improves the environment visited. farm project undertaken amidst the growing industrial— Richard Bangs in Foreword of scale tourism development occurring on the island. Loterie The Least Imperfect Path Farm, at the base of Paradise Peak, is a tropical forest conservation site located on an old sugar plantation. Part of the richness of our experience was, of course, the climate contrast. Going from our farm of rock-hard frozen ground to a place where lettuce and tomatoes were in season and mangos hung from the trees inspired us for the labor of the spring planting ahead. We also took home several ideas frombreastfeeding and attachment parenting, Brenda mentored Lisa, particularly during those newborn months in nursing a gassy Liam, using a sling and, most importantly, keeping a sense of humor and relishing each moment. Brenda initiated a local playgroup, attracting other similar-minded families that connect regularly for playgroups and potlucks, folks who have become good friends, who we otherwise might not have met. Luis and John share a passion for prolific salvaging. At his job in Madison, Luis fervently collected assorted wind turbine supplies for us that would have been otherwise pitched, reducing both landfill waste and our project’s price tag. Their tree-year old daughter, Isabella, taught Liam how to climb on the coffee table, jump off the couch and sway in the rocking chair. We share garden bounty and

by the USDA; crops were grown on both for many years, and the agricultural use had degraded the land, especially adjacent to the stream. Ultimately, we plan on ecologically-sound, selective harvests of timber to supply wood to companies that specialize in offering Forest Stewardship Council-certified chain of custody sales of wood products. These two land conservation activities each serve our long-term conservation goals in different ways and take the following forms: 1. Continuous CRP (Conservation Reserve Program) to establish a riparian buffer alongside the stream. Acres Involved: 2.5, of which 2.2 acres were cropland and .3 acres were pasture. Partners: USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and Farm Service Agency Duration: 15 years Purpose: Our CRP project is aimed at establishing a riparian (streamside) forest buffer, helping tobluebird that carries the sky on his back and Dorothy in “The Wizard of Oz”, who sings about bluebirds somewhere over the rainbow. Because the terrain around the cabin offered wideopen spaces for bluebirds to search out their choice food, insects on the ground, we created a bluebird trail, a series of boxes along a route that we (and our cabin guests) could regularly monitor. A clipboard with record forms help us document nesting activities of bluebirds as well as the other cavity-nesting birds that use the boxes. It's particularly rewarding, since we can open the box and peer inside without interrupting the nesting cycle; bluebirds, like many other songbirds, have a poorly developed sense of smell and will not abandon their nest with such low-level human involvement.

the more perspectives and facts we expose ourselves to — the more we realize that our actions have consequences. Every day we are given the opportunity to care through our actions and behaviors, from buying organically grown, fairly traded coffee that pays South American farmers a fair wage, to seeking out products made from recycled materials that have less impact on our already damaged world, to simply reading a range of opinions and perspectives on world issues. Collectively, these actions help us evolve as more compassionate and caring citizens of the planet. 244 RURAL RENAISSANCE We have opportunities to cultivate compassion directly and locally by taking the time to focus on our friends, family and community. Compassion can be an opportunity for creative expression, developing personal ways to show we care.a world far greater than ourselves jolted us from our sleepy existence. Each season we witness new miracles, from the first pussy Despite all the wide and varied willow buds in March to the January icicles on the dairy differences that human beings around barn that sparkle like a magical crystal. The concept of death the world embody, we are in truth takes on new meaning, as we connect on a deeper level more alike than dissimilar. In the with the circle of life. Everything has its season, one life core of our being, we yearn to be blending into the next. connected to something real, Crafting our legacy guides our activities, lifestyle and something substantial, something livelihood. For the land, it means enriching the soil, nurto believe

in - something larger than turing a diversity of plants and enhancing wildlife habitat. ourselves. We want to belong, For our community, it means leaving our imprint on this to be a part of something that area, such as instigating new approaches to locally based will endure beyond our lives. tourism. Economically, it means our small business should — Shatoiya and Richard de la Tour, operate, to the extent possible, in ways that minimize our The Herbalist's Garden impact on the environment and on others. Renewable energy systems, water conservation efforts and green materials have each played a role in our holistic design of living and working. We leave a genetic legacy, of course, with Liam. By providing a supportive community, family, and earth-centered foundations, we hope thatall life. Unfortunately, societies, corporations and people tend not to hold a worldview that respects this understanding. Every time disasters like Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez, or the patenting of life happen, we grow increasingly aware of how our collective commons is altered and degraded, sometimes in irreversable ways. “The plundering of the commons is a major factor in what is misleadingly called ‘economic growth,’” writes Jonathan Rowe in the January-February 2002 issue of Utne Reader (adapted from Yes! A Journal of Positive Futures, Summer 2001). “It often does not add a good that wasn’t there before. Instead, it takes a good from the commons, diminishes or degrades it, and then sells it back to us in commodified form. Pollute our lakes and rivers and then sell us swimming

living. Based in Browntown, Wisconsin, they share their farm and Inn Serendipity Bed & Breakfast with their son, two llamas, a flock of free-range chickens and millions of ladybugs. Visit Inn Serendipity on the Internet, at <www.innserendipity.com>. ❖❖❖ Ten percent of the authors’ proceeds from this book will be donated to the Rural Renaissance Network, a program of the non-profit organization Renewing the Countryside, providing educational resources to foster more creative, healthy, and ecologically viable rural communities. Visit the Rural Renaissance Network on the Internet, at <www.ruralrenaissance.org>. If you have enjoyed Rural Renaissance, you might also enjoy other B OOKS TO BUILD A N EW S OCIETY Our books provide positive solutions for people who want to make a difference. We specialize in: Sustainable Living • Ecological Design and Planning •surface area, are generally expected to increase the toxicity of a nanoparticle where surface chemistry and composition are alike. To investigate the role of core/shell, surface amination, and size on the uptake and toxicity of a composite nanomaterial, we exposed zebrafish embryos to a series of commercially available and custom-synthesized silica-coated silver (AgSi) and Si NPs with amine or hydroxyl termination. The zebrafish embryo model offers a number of advantages for in vivo toxicity screening, including rapid development, non-invasive evaluations of numerous sublethal responses, high fecundity that allows for high-throughput approaches and cost efficiency, and conserved biology with higher vertebrate models (Lele and Krone [@CR31]; Truong and Reif [@CR55]). In *study 1*, aminated or hydroxylated like-sized, commercially available AgSi and Si NPs were compared to address the role of

AgNP, suggesting that the toxicity may be attributed to the release of Ag ions. *Asterisks* denote significant difference from control, *number sign* indicates significant difference between paired NPs at that concentrationFig. 3Sublethal effects induced in zebrafish embryos exposed to the hydroxyl- and aminate-terminated AgSi NPs. **a** Both hydroxyl- and amine-terminate AgSi NPs significantly delayed development in a dose-dependent manner at 24 hpf. *Asterisks* denote significant difference from control, *number sign* indicates significant difference between hydroxyl- and amine- AgSi NPs at that concentration. **b** Hydroxyl- AgSi significantly induced a number of malformations at 120 hpf at both 25 and 50 μg/ml. The radar plot shows the differences in toxicity between the two concentrations of hydroxyl- AgSi. All of the sublethal responses represented in the radar plot were significantly different from control,zeta potentials were significantly different in MQ and FW for all of the nanoparticles (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}b). Zeta potentials observed with the commercially available NPs are similar to those previously reported for AgSi NP and Si NP (Bahadur et al. [@CR4]; Duan et al. [@CR11], [@CR12]). The HDD and zeta potential measurements indicated that the suspensions of the commercially available NPs were relatively stable; therefore, the differences in toxicity observed between the four nanoparticles can be attributed to the surface functionalization and composition, not dispersion stability. In contrast, characterizations of the custom-synthesized particles were used to interpret some of the toxicity results. Together, the data demonstrate the importance of using multiple methods of characterizing nanoparticles in order to interpret uptake and toxicity. Surface functionalization and composition play a role in nanoparticle

been able to equate it with is a spark plug. However, there are certain features - particularly the spring or helix terminal - that does not correspond to any known spark plug today. The rock in which the electrical instrument was found was dated by a competent geologist at 500,000 years old. The rock strata appear to be full of metal 'surprises.' The Illinois Springfield Republican reported in 1851 that a businessman named Hiram de Witt had brought back with him from a trip to California a piece of auriferous quartz rock about the size of a man's fist, and that while showing the rock to a friend, it slipped from his hand and split open upon hitting the floor. There, in the center of the quartz, they discoveredin the sandstone, indicating the presence of the original iron bands had caused turbulence patterns in the sand during the time the sand had been laid down by water, and before it had turned to stone. Fourth, the sandstone in the impressions show tiny striations which are really the preserved grain marks of the iron - again, indicating the metal had been impressed in the primordial sand, before solidification took place. And finally, fifth, one portion of one of the bands bends back into the subsurface, and careful excavation revealed the presence of iron oxide totally encased by the surrounding sandstone. Jolly also found other band impressions in the same locality: There is a third band that runs alongside the other two, but is much less distinct and is

known device, the frame is inserted on two prongs which provide for its exact positioning in relation to the machine. Still, the photography does not permit one to accomplish a sufficiently exact positioning of the cliche (transparent configuration) in relation to the borders of the screen in the application, which is intended here, such that the adjustment, preceding the fabrication of the multilayer circuits, requires a good deal of time. The superposition of different layers, therefore, involves a certain number of risks, which are intolerable in industrial production. It is the object of the present invention to remedy these shortcomings.Thursday, January 04, 2007 Britain: Muslim in court on racial hatred charges We read: "A Muslim protester called for the bombing of Denmark and the United States during a demonstration against the publication of cartoons depicting the Prophet Muhammad, the Old Bailey was told yesterday.... Police video of the protest, played to the jury, showed Mr Javed, 27, leading chants of “Bomb, bomb USA. Bomb, bomb Denmark”. David Perry, QC, for the prosecution, said that Mr Javed appeared to be one of the leaders of the protest and used a loud-hailer to address the crowd. “He addressed the crowd in terms which encouraged killing and incited racial hatred.” Mr Perry told the court that the case was not about freedom of assembly or freedom of speech. He said that even a society that enjoyed

do not vote will also vote BNP once it can prove that it is a credible political force. Therefore, the BNP must be destroyed. The gentler forms of destruction involve lies. Undoubtedly, the BNP grew out of a national socialist movement. But it does not appear now to be a national socialist organisation. So far as I can tell from its website, the BNP believes in a mixed economy welfare state, with some regard for traditional civil liberties. It also believes that the alleged benefits of this should be largely reserved for English-speaking white people. This is not something that I find particularly attractive. Nor however is it the same as wanting a totalitarian police state plus gas chambers. Since lying about the BNP does not work very well inhell do we do with all this polystyrene because it cannot be taken as paper waste, garden waste or glass and if we try to dispose of it in this inadequately sized wheelie bin we will only have room for one more black bag over the next two weeks and the sideway will be running alive with maggots/foxes/rats again. Governments would not dare take on the real polluters and are far too late to address the political and cultural mistakes that have created the mountain of waste that is shovelled our way daily. So they come up with a catchphrase like "polluter pays" and try to convince us that just by being on the receiving end of an overflowing daily postbag that we did not request and cannot avoid

on my sofa, watching my television, in my house. I'll put the paper in the clear bags, the glass in the blue box and the old Christmas tree on the compost heap at the bottom of the garden. To my mind, like Bill, I'm doing nothing wrong. The small readership of most blogs would strongly suggest that no blogs other than the top three or four could possibly have much influence on anything. That however overlooks something: Google and other search engines. Because they are heavily interlinked (well over 1,000 other blogs link to this one) blogs tend to have a high page-ranking in response to any search. That means that what blogs say on any given topic tends to pop up on the first page of any setantisemitism in 21st century Britain here and here and here The intellectual Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 121-180) could well have been thinking of modern Britain when he said: "The object in life is not to be on the side of the majority, but to escape finding oneself in the ranks of the insane." On all my blogs, I express my view of what is important primarily by the readings that I select for posting. I do however on occasions add personal comments in italicized form at the beginning of an article. I am rather pleased to report that I am a lifelong conservative. Out of intellectual curiosity, I did in my youth join organizations from right across the political spectrum so I am certainly not closed-minded and am very familiar

Q: Force http to https redirect across entire Angular app I've got an Angular (6) app using .net Web API w/ Windows Authentication. Both are deployed to the same development web server, which has a valid SSL Certificate. I'm trying to force an http to https redirect on all my pages. I've got the Web API side handled - all the /api paths to redirect to https via Kudvenkat's simple tutorial: http://csharp-video-tutorials.blogspot.com/2016/09/aspnet-web-api-enable-https.html Create a RequireHttpsAttribute.cs class: using System; using System.Net; using System.Net.Http; using System.Text; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace api { public class RequireHttpsAttribute : AuthorizationFilterAttribute { public override void OnAuthorization(HttpActionContext actionContext) { if (actionContext.Request.RequestUri.Scheme != Uri.UriSchemeHttps) diagnosed with ASD \[[@B18-ijerph-17-02542]\]. In particular, perception concerning the risk of ASD following vaccination with MMR has been found to directly impact attitudes towards the vaccine \[[@B16-ijerph-17-02542]\]. The Cultural Theory of Risk \[[@B19-ijerph-17-02542]\] offers a potential explanation concerning cultural beliefs that polarize anti-vaccination and pro-vaccination groups \[[@B20-ijerph-17-02542]\]. The theory presumes there is a psychological predisposition for: (1) individuals to uphold beliefs that fit with personal worldviews \[[@B20-ijerph-17-02542]\]; and (2) for group membership to be divided according to consensual risk perceptions \[[@B21-ijerph-17-02542]\]. Inherent in this theory is that culture comes before facts, subsequently shaping attitudes and consequent behavior. Thus, despite exposure to scientific information about the safety of vaccines, personal disagreement with the information being imparted by researchers continues \[[@B22-ijerph-17-02542]\]. Despite its potential importance with regard to decision-making about vaccinations, scientific

with attitudes towards ASD and the MMR vaccine; and (d) that high scientific literacy would be related with positive MMR vaccine behavior (i.e., children more likely to be vaccinated). 2. Materials and Methods {#sec2-ijerph-17-02542} ======================== 2.1. Participants {#sec2dot1-ijerph-17-02542} ----------------- The online survey was initiated by 246 participants. Of these, 114 respondents did not complete all of the psychological measures and were therefore deleted from further analysis (46.3% dropout rate). Thus, data for 132 participants (92% female, 8% male) were used for analysis. Participants ranged in age from 20 to 73 with a mean age of 38.40 years (*SD* = 10.17). Three participants were expecting children while the rest had children already. Highest level of education ranged from primary school (0.8%), to University postgraduate degree (22.7%), secondary school (13.6%), tertiary certificate (24.2%), and University"Not old enough yet. Will vaccinate (MMR) at 12 months."). The answers were categorized into seven categories (see [Table 3](#ijerph-17-02542-t003){ref-type="table"}). The full list of answers is available in the de-identified data file via an open access data depository \[[@B28-ijerph-17-02542]\]. 4. Discussion {#sec4-ijerph-17-02542} ============= This study intended to further current understanding of societal attitudes to ASD, attitudes to the MMR vaccine, and the impact of attitudes and scientific literacy on parental decisions regarding vaccinating their children with the MMR vaccine. The first hypothesis predicting that knowledge of ASD would be predictive of attitudes to ASD was supported. Results identified that knowledge of ASD accounted for a moderate proportion of the variance in parental attitudes to ASD. This positive correlation demonstrated that parents who had a better understanding and awareness of ASD also

script has been flipped on its head. Election Day defied the narrative and challenged traditional thinking about racial turnout in off-year and special elections. Precincts in the state’s Black Belt, the swathe of dark, fertile soil where the African American population is concentrated, long lines were reported throughout the day, and as the night waned and red counties dominated by rural white voters continued to report disappointing results for Moore, votes surged in from urban areas and the Black Belt. By all accounts, black turnout exceeded expectations, perhaps even passing previous off-year results. Energy was not a problem. There’s a fiction at the heart of the debate over entitlements: The carefully cultivated impression that beneficiaries are simply receiving back their “own” money. One day in 1984, Kurt Vonnegut called. I wasthe TV-ready backdrop for Pence’s remarks. More comfortable online than out partying, post-Millennials are safer, physically, than adolescents have ever been. But they’re on the brink of a mental-health crisis. One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone—she’s had an iPhone since she was 11—sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?,” I asked, recalling my own middle-school days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No—I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom

desire for increased capability of a machine. At the same time, they would like to avoid increasing their initial investment. Consumers are also dissuaded from expenses associated with hiring a professional to upgrade or configure existing equipment. The present invention contemplates a new and improved system for automatically ascertaining machine capability and utilizing the same which overcomes the above-referenced problems, and others, and provides a system with enhanced usability and configurability both prior to and after the machine leaves the factory.equally enticing. I must admit that this new to me Coast seemed a bit slower somehow. A pace that matches a meditative heart rate. And as always surprises, like this wonderful felted woodland creature on my morning boardwalk strolls in the Eastern Passage. Am I going back –you bet. A plan is brewing for an even longer summer stay next year. Here is my plus list for returning:

associated to the lowest mortality risk. For example, if we chose 32 °C as the threshold, when the daily maximum temperatures were lower than or equal to 32 °C on a given day, the *CTM* value for this day was denoted as "REF" (reference). On the first day of exceeding the temperature threshold (32 °C), the *CTM* value was denoted as "Hot1" while on the second consecutive day, it was denoted as "Hot2" and so on (see the examples shown in Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Table S1). The ER was determined using the following formula. RR refers to the relative risk of CVD death at different temperature and durations, with the minimum mortality temperature (30.5 °C) used as the reference temperature:$$\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} using MMT as the reference temperature is more reasonable. Based on these results, we set forward a new proposal for a heat alert, which considers both the high temperature threshold and duration. When the duration of daily maximum temperatures higher than 35 °C reaches to 4 days or the duration with daily maximum temperatures higher than 32 °C, 33 °C or 34 °C reach 5 days, governments should both issue heat alerts, medical institutions and emergency centers should prepare greater quantities of medical resources, such as intravenous fluids, oxygen, and extra beds for rapid treatment \[[@CR23]\]. The CVD-vulnerable population should take certain actions to prevent the adverse effects of high temperature, such as using air conditioning, avoiding outdoor activities, wearing light clothing, drinking more water, and so on \[[@CR24], [@CR25]\]. Whereas there was

by the commercial firework A blue forensic tent could be seen outside the £150,000 semi-detached property on Saturday, which has been left badly damaged by the fire A blue forensic tent could be seen outside the £150,000 semi-detached property on Saturday, which has been left badly damaged by the fire. Neighbours living on the quiet residential street described seeing paramedics frantically working on Mr Nicholls. One elderly woman, who did not want to be named, said: 'It's really shocking because this is usually a nice quiet area. 'I've been told somebody put lit fireworks through their letterbox. They were both in bed asleep and Marie jumped from the window. 'People were saying they could hear fireworks going off in the night and that they sounded very close. 'Its despicable that somebody could do such aa firework of this size to get in touch. 'This would have been a large heavy firework that would have been difficult to carry some distance, so I would ask anyone who saw someone carrying a large box in the area last Thursday night to contact us. 'Any information no matter how insignificant if may seem to you could help our investigation. 'Sadly one of the victims of this fire has died and our thoughts are with his family and partner at their time of loss. 'His death means that we are now treating this as a murder enquiry and I would like to re-emphasise the need for anyone with information to call us. 'We are following up several active lines of enquiry and are focusing on CCTV from the local community. If

those outcasts from post-Enlightenment epistemological respectability: intuitive, revealed, and mystical claims to knowledge. However, a deeper examination of human knowledge, undertaken without a prejudice in favor of the currently sanctioned methods of inquiry, reveals every mode of understanding, including the logical, the mathematical, and the experimental, as ultimately grounded upon our intuitive judgment. For instance, a person can be presented with scores of experiments supporting a particular scientific theory is sound, but no possible experiment ever can demonstrate to him that experimentation is a reasonable means by which to evaluate a scientific theory. Only his intuitive grasp of its plausibility can bring him to accept that proposition. (Unless, of course, he simply adopts it on the authority of others.) He can be led through hundreds of rigorous proofs forSexually transmitted infection diagnoses among Hispanic immigrant and migrant men who have sex with men in the United States. Hispanic immigrant/migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) should be at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections/human immunodeficiency virus (STIs/HIV) given individual-level factors associated with the migration process that have been theorised to increase susceptibility to STIs/HIV among migrant populations. However, relatively little is known if these individual level factors are actually associated with the STI prevalence among this population. During 2005-2007, 2576 men and women foreign-born Hispanics were surveyed at three community-based organisations offering services to immigrant/migrant communities in the US. We analysed demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviours, migration patterns, and factors associated with STI diagnoses (syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea) in the past 12 months among Hispanic immigrant/migrant

seropositive. Perceptions on when to disclose to adolescents in HIV-related research shifted slightly; fewer health professionals (n = 8) suggested that adolescents should not be told at all. Four health professionals believed that adolescents should be told at the beginning of the research, and five suggested disclosure take place during the research or at the end. Reasons provided were similar to those provided for children. Table [4](#T4){ref-type="table"} lists the detailed timing preferences of health professionals regarding disclosure within the research context. ###### Health professionals\' (n = 17) preferences on the timing of HIV disclosure to youth participating in HIV-related research Timing controls the IL-7R/STAT5 pathway. In Aim 2, we will define how Id2 controls host defense against C. rodentium infection. We will test whether or not Id2 expression in ILC3s promotes IL-22 production, which is required for protection against C. rodentium infection. We will test whether Id2 intrinsically regulates IL-22 production through the IL-23R pathway to protect the host against an infection. We will also determine how Id2 controls LT expression on ILC3s for extrinsic regulation of IL-22 production against C. rodentium infection. In Aim 3, we will determine whether Id2 controls C. rodentium infection through regulating and maintaining a gut flora capable of competing with C. rodentium. If so, we will test how an Id2- dependent response regulates the protective gut flora against C. rodentium. We will further

One of my favorite treats on Sunday morning as a kid was when my mom would make pancakes for us. She couldn't make them fast enough-batch after batch would be devoured. She would make a stack of pancakes, warm the syrup, and pour it over the top. She used one of those electric griddles, the kind that gets about medium hot. The next round of pancakes would be slower than the first, as that griddle couldn't keep up with the workload. Skip forward to 2015 and enter the Baking Steel Griddle. This heavy, 25-lb slab of steel, is going to give you so much heat, you could feed an army. Round 1 is equally as fast as round 5. So now your guests can all sit down to eatI offer one recent example to illustrate my point that the "Financial Tsunami" is only beginning. Deutsche Bank got a hard shock a few days ago when a judge in the state of Ohio in the USA made a ruling that the bank had no legal right to foreclose on 14 homes whose owners had failed to keep current in their monthly mortgage payments. Now this might sound like small beer for Deutsche Bank, one of the world's largest banks with over ¤1.1 trillion (Billionen) in assets worldwide. As Hilmar Kopper used to say, "peanuts." It's not at all peanuts, however, for the Anglo-Saxon banking world and its European allies like Deutsche Bank, BNP Paribas, Barclays Bank, HSBC or others. Why? A US Federal Judge, C.A. Boyko in

of mortgage defaults is about to explode onto the scene beginning January 2008. Between December 2007 and July 1, 2008 more than $690 Billion in mortgages will face an interest rate jump according to the contract terms of the ARMs written two years before. That means market interest rates for those mortgages will explode monthly payments just as recession drives incomes down. Hundreds of thousands of homeowners will be forced to do the last resort of any homeowner: stop monthly mortgage payments. Here is where the Ohio court decision guarantees that the next phase of the US mortgage crisis will assume Tsunami dimension. If the Ohio Deutsche Bank precedent holds in the appeal to the Supreme Court, millions of homes will be in default but the banks preventedor, more interestingly for what it follows, by reshaping the underlying network of spatial connections. This latter possibility has been addressed in [@Cencetti_etal17], via a minimally invasive procedure targeted to modifying the spectrum of the Laplacian operator which governs the diffusive, hence linear, couplings. This, in turn, implies rewiring the links, and consequently recalibrating the weights, of the underlying graph of connections.\ Dynamics on networks is however central to other realms of investigation, also when the system being examined is not made spatially extended. In this case, long-ranged (non local) interactions, as encoded in the structure of the assigned network, might follow [*non-diffusive*]{} rules. In ecosystems inter-species interactions are assumed to be mediated by pairwise, hence quadratic, exchange, to some level of approximation. Each population (species) is characterised by

be then gauged by tracing the modifications back to the underlying nonlinear framework, i.e. by evaluating the impact produced on the relevant dynamical parameters. As a first step in the analysis, we write the linear equation (\[linear\_eq\_1\]) in the equivalent form: $$\label{linear_eq_2} \dot v_i=-r_i v_i+\sum_{j}D_{ij}v_j.$$ where the definition of $\boldsymbol D$ follows trivially. Recalling that $\sum_j C_{ij} = -r_i$ by virtue of the aforementioned fixed point condition, it is immediate to conclude that $\boldsymbol D$ is a zero-row-sum matrix, namely $\sum_j D_{ij} =0$. The next step is to diagonalize matrix $\boldsymbol D$. Formally, we set $\boldsymbol \Phi^{-1}\boldsymbol{ D}\boldsymbol \Phi=\boldsymbol \Lambda$, where $\boldsymbol \Phi$ is the matrix whose columns are the eigenvectors of $\boldsymbol{D}$ and $\boldsymbol \Lambda$ the diagonal matrix formed by the corresponding eigenvalues. Diagonalizability of matrix $\boldsymbol{D}$\end{array}\right.$$ and the stability of the fixed point is ultimately controlled by the sign of the real part of the eigenvalues of $\boldsymbol C$. In analogy with the procedure described in the main text, we then define $\boldsymbol D$ as $$D_{ij}\equiv \left\{\begin {array}{ll} B_{ij}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \text{if}\ i\neq j\\ \frac{1}{x_i^*}f(x_i^*,\boldsymbol{r}_i)\ \ \text{if}\ i=j,\\ \end{array}\right.$$ which is a zero-row-sum matrix, because of the fixed point condition, $\sum_jD_{ij}=\sum_{j\neq i} B_{ij}+\frac{1}{x_i^*}f(x_i^*,\boldsymbol{r}_i)=0$.\ We can then modify the matrix $\boldsymbol D$, which hence transforms into $\boldsymbol{D'}$, so as to enforce the desired stability, following the recipe outlined in the main body of the paper. The implemented changes can be interpreted as follows: - for the off-diagonal entries ($i\neq j$)

Q: How is a diode used to regulate voltage? Hi all, I was wondering how a diode is used to control the voltage here? Assuming the voltage coming in from the left is greater than the reference voltage provided by the potentiometer, the diode is somehow acting to ensure the voltage going out is equal to the reference voltage. How does it do this, and if I tried to create this in real life what should I watch out for when choosing a diode part? Thanks A: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab Figure 1. (a) The basic voltage follower. (b) Still a voltage follower. (c) The modified follower. (a) Vout = VR1. It's just a voltage follower. (b) Vout = VR3. It's still just a voltage follower but with the added work ofthe United States remains fierce. “As researchers of religion, we know the power of religious identities and beliefs. And so we wondered: How does Christian nationalism influence Americans’ attitudes toward gun control? “In our newly published and freely available study, the connection between Christian nationalism and gun control attitudes proves stronger than we expected. It turns out that how intensely someone adheres to Christian nationalism is one of the strongest predictors of whether someone supports gun control. One’s political party, religiosity, gender, education or age doesn’t matter. “You could be a mainline Protestant Democratic woman or a highly educated politically liberal man — the more you line up with Christian nationalism, the less likely you are to support gun control. “But what is Christian nationalism? “Christian nationalism is an ideology that argues for

Russia scandal — and what he’s afraid of. “They also serve as a kind of briefing to Trump’s supporters: Here’s the new defense of Trump’s actions, so you’d better get ready to repeat this argument, however ridiculous it might be. “This morning, Giuliani appeared on Fox & Friends and CNN’s New Day, and said some very interesting things. Let’s begin with this portion of the CNN interview, in which he was trying to argue that Paul Manafort, the Trump campaign chairman who is about to go on trial for a panoply of crimes, barely had anything to do with the campaign or Trump himself: [Guiliani said:] “Four months, they’re not going to be colluding about Russians, which I’m not even [sure] if that’s a crime, colluding about Russians. You start analyzingReceptors are key molecules that recognize the target molecule on the extracellular side of the cell and initiate a series of downstream intracellular processes. Bacterial receptors have similar domain structures as many mammalian hormone receptors in that they have ligand binding components on the extracellular side, transmembrane components which span the membrane, and cytoplasmic components for effector binding inside the cell. Two receptor systems will be studied using X-ray crystallographic methods: (1) Bacterial aspartate receptor for chemotaxis in Salmonella and E.coli. (2) Two transport receptors from Salmonella, one for transport of the amino acid histidine and the other for transport of lysine/arginine/ornithine. Our overall objective is to determine the three-dimensional structure of the components and domains of these bacterial receptors. This would enable us to understand the signal

suspend its five Socialist legislators by a vote of 140 to 6. Voters sent the five Socialists back to office nine months later, but three of them were again expelled. The other two resigned in solidarity. Debates over the Soviet Union dealt another, arguably more damaging blow to the Socialist Party. In January 1919, the Communist International called on socialists everywhere to wage a “merciless” war against their own parties to purge moderate elements or, failing that, split from them. The Comintern wanted anticapitalists to form new revolutionary parties fearless enough to seize political power immediately and establish dictatorships of the proletariat. In the wake of the October Revolution, the party’s left wing was energized. The SP’s national leadership expelled the leftists en masse in the summer of 1919. Somepolitical system to transform society. He joined the Young People’s Socialist League as a student at the University of Chicago. Founded in 1907, YPSL had little to show for itself by mid-century, but in the early sixties the country was changing. McCarthyism had lost credibility, Michael Harrington’s best-selling book, The Other America, brought poverty into popular conversation, and the Civil Rights Movement was on the march. YPSL began to grow and its members played an outsized role in civil rights organizations, particularly in the North. Sanders became active in the Congress on Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and participated in what is said to be Chicago’s first civil rights sit-in. But if the 1960s began on a promising note, the 1970s witnessed the Socialist Party demise. Pulled apart

Wine crashes when I use dead keys (grave and circumflex accents) On Sun, 29 Feb 2004 10:21:19 -0500, you wrote: > Hi, >> Whenever I type ô, ê, or ë, etc., Wine crashes immediately before displaying > the letter. It doesn't have enough time to display any debug message neither. There was a fix for a similar problem some time ago. But because you forgot to mention the wine that you are using, nobody can tell whether this is the same thing. Rein. -- Rein Klazes rklazes at xs4all.nlis a variable that has not been well analyzed in recent studies. In a recent study, Rodrigues et al.[@B10] used a phantom with 3 cylinders containing water, plaster, and motor oil. They scanned the phantom with CBCT and multidetector CT (MDCT) devices using 3 FOV sizes. The results showed significant differences in the mean gray values (MGVs) of CBCT according to the size of the FOV. A comparison of the CBCT and MDCT results showed significant differences for the 3 materials in the 3 FOV sizes. The optimal size of FOV varies according to an individual\'s needs. A small FOV is used to assess a limited area in 1 jaw (i.e., for the insertion of only 1 implant). A large FOV is used for orthodontic treatments or full-mouth implant

over each other such that the plane of the X ray beam was perpendicular to the long axis of the phantom. By doing so, we standardized and equalized the amount of the X-ray beam that reached each material. Rodrigues et al. used a phantom in the same way with respect to this point,[@B10] but Nackaerts et al. positioned the long axis of the phantom parallel to the plane of X-ray beam movement, which could cause symmetric variation of gray values along the phantom.[@B24] In our study, we reduced the space between materials by attaching the cylinders to each other. By doing so, we sought to position all materials at the center of the FOV. Our study used 3 different bone substitutes that are commonly used for bone grafting in periodontalshowed the lowest MGV. Air bubbles entrapped in cylinders during mixing of bone substitutes with saline could affect the MGVs calculated for each cylinder. To minimize the effect of this factor, our study used a relatively large number of smaller ROIs so that we could calculate the MGVs and HUs with minimal error. The size of the acrylic phantom represented the smallest FOV used in the NewTom 3G CBCT scanner. This led to a reduction of the mass outside of the FOV in all image acquisitions and eliminated the discontinuity of the X-ray beam that reached the phantom.[@B10] This issue was not considered in the studies by Katsumata et al.[@B22][@B23] Rodrigues et al. used an i-CAT scanner in their study,[@B12] but we used 2 other CBCT scanners (NewTom 3G and Cranex