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Q6999963

Nick Montgomery Sheffield United Montgomery supported Leeds United as a child and was at Leeds United's Academy for six years. He then was offered a two-year scholarship at Sheffield United. He made his first team début for the Blades at Carrow Road against Norwich City on 21 October 2000. He subsequently established himself as a regular in the first-team where he became a mainstay of central midfield for the Blades. Montgomery had to wait until November 2001 before he scored his first goal for the club, coming in a 4–0 home victory over Birmingham City.Montgomery was an integral member of the 2005–06 squad that saw the Blades being promoted back to the Premier League. As a result of his hard work over the season, he was runner-up to Phil Jagielka in the club's Player of Year awards.During the 2009–10 season Montgomery played a main role in an injury plagued Sheffield United squad eventually winning player of the season, including scoring his first league goal for four seasons in the Blades 3–0 home victory against Blackpool in March 2010. With the club looking to reduce their wage bill, a few months of speculation followed as to whether he would leave United but he eventually signed a new 3-year deal in June that year after reportedly turning down an approach from Yorkshire rivals Leeds United, despite being a lifelong Leeds fan.For the 2011–2012 season the Blades found themselves in the third tier of English football for the first time in over 20 years and Montgomery found himself out of the first team picture for the first time in his United career. Losing his place in midfield to Michael Doyle he was confined to occasional substitute appearances as the season progressed. With first team opportunities limited Montgomery joined Championship team Millwall on loan in March 2012, agreeing a deal to remain there until the end of the season. However at the end of the month Montgomery's loan spell came to an end after he sustained a calf problem, forcing him to return to Bramall Lane for medical treatment. He only had twenty minutes of game time with Millwall as substitutions against Doncaster Rovers and Leeds United. Montgomery still went on to make appearances as a Sheffield United player, including playing in the play-offs, in which the team lost to Huddersfield Town in the final at Wembley Stadium on penalties. Central Coast Mariners Montgomery ended his 12-year stay at Sheffield United by the cancellation of his contract through a mutual agreement on 31 August 2012. This allowed him to join United's sister club Central Coast Mariners in the Australian A-League.He was a key part to the side that reached the 2013 A-League Grand Final but missed the grand final due to suspension. The Mariners went on to win 2–0. Montgomery was elected as vice-captain for the 2013–14 season, and made his debut as captain in a 1–0 win against rivals Sydney FC on 18 January 2014. Wollongong Wolves On the 12th of May 2017 it was announced Montgomery had signed for the National Premier Leagues NSW outfit Wollongong Wolves, and on the 14th of May made his debut for the Wolves in a round 10 2-0 victory against Rockdale at WIN Stadium. International career Despite being born in Leeds, Montgomery is eligible to play for Scotland although turning down an opportunity to play for England after interest from Sven-Göran Eriksson. He then made his début for the Scotland U21 side in April 2003 in a 1–0 victory over Austria, scoring from 50-yards and his second and last appearance in another 1–0 victory, this time over Croatia in November of the same year. He subsequently appeared for a team of Scotland Futures in 2005, featuring in a 2–0 defeat of Poland in December. Personal life Montgomery has a wife, Josie, and two twin daughters Leah and Chloe.In parallel to his football career, Nick also runs a company called MP Sports in Australia that sells football related products.Montgomery possesses UEFA/AFC B and A coaching licences.

9571109949155932657

Q7369161

Ross (bicycle company) History Ross was started by Albert Ross as Ross Galvanizing Works in 1940 "manufacturing and galvanizing pipes and pipe fittings for the fencing industry and later galvanized steel parts for military ships during World War II." After World War II, it was incorporated as Chain Bike Corp. in 1946.Ross' first factory was on Kent Avenue in Williamsburg, New York, near the Schaefer Brewery and the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The company moved to Beach 79th Street in Rockaway Beach, Queens (now Far Rockaway) some time around 1960, the company was renamed Ross Bicycles Inc. on May 21, 1982, and in 1973 manufacturing was moved to a new, purpose-built plant in Allentown, Pennsylvania. In 1982, Ross Bicycles was the first ever bicycle manufacturer to mass produce the mountain bike. In 1983, Randy Ross created the first mountain bike race team, the Ross Indians. Ross had models that directly competed with the Schwinn Side Winder called the Ross Diamond Cruiser. Ross introduced their first production MTB, the Force 1, during the first Interbike Show in October 1982 the bikes name was later changed to the Mt. Hood. In early 1982 Ross Signature (hand made bike department) was making custom Mountain bikes. Jim Redcay was the builder (Tom Kellogg was working on Road Bikes). Jim was also involved in the Force 1 frame development. This was the first bike Ross had built in Allentown with cantilever brakes. The Allentown factory was said to be retooled for government contracts by Sherwood Ross. Ross moved bicycle production to Taiwan in 1986 to keep the margins profitable, but the government contracts and financial strain from the Allentown factories unsuccessful government endeavors, led to Ross Bicycles filling for bankruptcy protection in 1988.In addition to bicycles, Ross manufactured ammunition boxes for the US government at its Lehigh facility and cited the government contract as the source of its financial difficulties at the time of filing for Chapter 11 protection.The Ross name was purchased by Rand Cycle in Farmingdale, New York, which suffered a recall of 11,000 mountain bikes in 1998. Randy Ross, grandson of Albert, introduced a stair stepper bike in 2007. Shaun Ross re-established Ross Bicycles in 2017 on July 31.Albert Ross' son Sherwood (Jerry) B. Ross (1921-2013) was CEO of Ross Bicycles from 1946 to 1990, held several bicycle-related patents, served as President of the Bicycle Institute of America (BIA) and the Bicycle Manufacturers Association (BMA), and acted as an expert witness in product liability cases. Bicycles Ross began making bicycles in 1946, and by the late 1960s, Ross manufactured about 1 million bicycles per year. By 1985, it had sold 10 million bicycles. The company, still known as Chain Bicycle Corporation, marketed bikes under the Ross brand, including children's bikes as well as BMX, touring, cruiser, mountain, racing, wheelie, and stationary exercise bicycles.In 1968, Ross joined the muscle bike craze with models such as the Marlin with a "Console Mounted Stick Brake", the Barracuda with a "Chrome Twin Stick Shift Console", and the Barracuda Beast with a "Futura Sports Car Steering Wheel".In 1982, Ross introduced one of the first production mountain bikes, the Force One at Interbike, and in 1983, they launched the first professional factory sponsored mountain bike race team, the Ross Indians.With the rising popularity of mountain bikes, Randy Ross, Sherwood Ross's son and executive vice president of Ross Bicycles Inc., said in the New York Times "these bikes are one of the biggest things that ever happened to the biking industry. Its basic look constitutes "a total shift in image" for the industry." By 1989, Nyle Nims, at the time a vice president at Ross Bicycles (and later founder of Cycle Force Group), said 40 percent of bicycle sales were mountain bikes, adding "we see a lot of people who previously owned the dropped bar, 10-speed bike buying the wide-tire bikes, they are people who don't want to ride fast; they want to ride for recreation."

4700476290636348328

Q633025

Lamaling Monastery Geography Lamaling Monastery is in the Nyingchi River valley, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of Bayi town (4 kilometres (2.5 mi) west off the main road). The river valley has snow-covered mountains, pristine lakes, villages and ancient monasteries, including the Lamaling Monastery. The intention of the Nyingchi valley people is to develop the area into an international forest park and make it the world's "third pole" by providing travel, trekking, mountain climbing facilities, and river rafting, as well as carrying out scientific studies.The monastery is located halfway up the Norburi hill slope in a densely forested area. It is located on the third terrace on the left bank of the lower reaches of the Nyang River and encircled by hill ranges on three sides. It overlooks the forest-covered mountains and the delta at the mouth of the Nyang River. Thus, the monastery has a peaceful ambiance, with luxuriant green trees amidst a gentle flowing stream. History The ancient monastery built in the 7th century (said to have been built in the Zangdok Pelri style) was destroyed in an earthquake in 1930. It was rebuilt as a small monastery on flat land below the ruined monastery in the 1930s. At that time, it was the seat of late Dudjom Rinpoche (1904–1987), who was chosen as the head of Nyingma school during his later exile to India, after Tibet came under control of the Chinese as an Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China. The location of the monastery is also credited to an event that marked the religious contest between Buddhism and Bon religion.Subsequent to the old monastery's destruction, a smaller temple (20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi)) was built below the old location on flat land. A legend narrated about this event purported a propitious omen of the ‘Life supporting’ stone (lado) of Buchu moving. Further, when the then Rinpoche performed the consecration ceremonies for the small temple, he is stated to have seen a three horned goat circling round the area and vanishing into a stone. This stone is still preserved in front of the ruined temple. In the 1960s, the small temple was destroyed and Guru Rinpoche’s son, Dorje Pasang, was killed.The Lamaling Monastery, as rebuilt in 1989, is said to be one of the largest and most important Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Nyingchi County.In 1989, the late Dudjom Rinpoche’s daughter Semo Dechen and her husband Lama Chonyi Rinpoche started the restoration works and built the present exquisite Zengdok Pelri Monastery (temple) with an extensive garden complex surrounding it. Constructed on the hill side, it is approachable by a motorable road from the valley below.The Nyingma Sect had imbibed the traditions of the native Bon religion, particularly in relation to nature, and believed that everything had a spirit. Phallic worship and sacrifices to this symbol were also a part of their traditional practices. The monastery is now being looked after by Guru Rinpoche’s son Chuni Rinpoche, along with several monks. Architecture The new monastery is in an octagonal shape, has a height of about 20 metres (66 ft) and depicts a prominent gilded pagoda at the apex. It is a four-storied monument. The monastery is built with wood, with eaves (the eaves at the lower level depict twenty angles and those on the second and the third floors have an octagonal shape) in a curvature with radiantly painted beams. It is a fusion of Han and Tibetan artistic and architectural styles. The entire frontage is adorned with long strings of wooden prayer beads. In the main prayer hall, there is a kora and four protector chapels in each corner. The extant original image of Mehotara Heruka from the old monastery and foot print of the Padmasambhava are preserved in the restored monastery. The chapels have sculptures of Amitaba (Opagme), Avalokiteshwara (Chenresig) and Vajrapani (Chana Dorje). The top floor chapel also has a four-armed Avalokiteshwara (Chenresig) and two statues of Manjushri (Jampelyang). The new images in the various halls of the monastery are made from the best metal casting tradition of artisans from Chamdo. In the adjoining building, to the right of the main monastery, religious services are held on 10th, 15th and 25th day of each lunar month. The hall contains a large main statue of Sakyamuni (Sakya Thukpa). Pilgrims circumambulate around this building and the main temple as part of the Kora ritual. The four external walls are painted in white, blue, red and green against a backdrop of the golden dragon-shaped upturned eaves.In 1987, a Dorje Trole stupa was built to the west of the old ruined temple. In the grassy courtyard in front of the monastery, a few mountain goats brought here from Tsodzong Monastery can also be seen.The ruins of the original monastery can be seen on the hill side, and a trek of about 45 minutes leads to them. A small chapel here has a statue of Dorje Julut and an old photo of Rinpoche. A foot print of Sakyamuni is also seen above the door.One particular unusual feature in the monastery is at the entrance gate of the monastery, where two large wooden male and female genitalia are seen, beside two stone lions. This is said to be a Bon religious practice of worship of nature in monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism, particularly of the Nyingmapa sect. It is a sight professing to drive off evil spirits. Another unique aspect of this monastery is that both nuns and monks recite the Tibetan scriptures together in the main prayer hall. Visitor information A road links Burqug village to the monastery. Burqug is linked to Bayi town, which is the nearest town to the monastery where all modern facilities are available. It is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the monastery. Two routes for travel in the Nyingchi valley are available to reach the Lamaling monastery at Burqug village. One route is east from Lhasa, which encompasses four scenic locations: Basum Lake, Bayi town, the Seche La Mountain and the Burqug Lamaling. This route is said to be good for visits and conducting scientific investigations. The second route is south from Lhasa, through Nyingchi, Mainling, and Shannan to the monastery. This circular route provides scenic natural landscapes, cultural and historical sites.

3285841483850131502

Q14623

Wauwil Geography Wauwil has an area, as of 2006, of 2.9 km² (1.1 sq mi). Of this area, 72.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.9% is forested. The rest of the land, (18%) is settled. In the 1997 land survey, 10.17% of the total land area was forested. Of the agricultural land, 69.15% is used for farming or pastures, while 2.71% is used for orchards or vine crops. Of the settled areas, 10.85% is covered with buildings, 2.37% is industrial, 0.34% is classed as special developments, 0.68% is parks or greenbelts and 3.73% is transportation infrastructure. History The prehistoric lakeside settlement Wauwilermoos is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance. Also known as Egolzwil 3, the serial site of 56 sites in Switzerland is also part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps.During World War II, mainly Allied soldiers who were caught after their escape from the Swiss internment camps, were detained in the prison camp Wauwilermoos. Re-established in 1947 as a penitentiary, it was rebuilt in the early 1980s as a semi-open institution where custodial sentences are carried out. The penitentiary (German: Strafanstalt Wauwilermoos) also serves as a deportation center. Demographics Wauwil has a population (as of 31 December 2017) of 2,177. As of 2007, 483 or about 28.5% are not Swiss citizens. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 0.5%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (81.4%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common ( 6.7%) and Albanian being third ( 4.3%).In the 2007 election the most popular party was the CVP which received 39.7% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (27.3%), the FDP (22%) and the SPS (5.5%).The age distribution, as of 2008, in Wauwil is; 409 people or 24.2% of the population is 0–19 years old. 463 people or 27.3% are 20–39 years old, and 603 people or 35.6% are 40–64 years old. The senior population distribution is 157 people or 9.3% are 65–79 years old, 50 or 3% are 80–89 years old and 11 people or 0.6% of the population are 90+ years old.In Wauwil about 53.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).As of 2000 there are 588 households, of which 144 households (or about 24.5%) contain only a single individual. 90 or about 15.3% are large households, with at least five members. As of 2000 there were 304 inhabited buildings in the municipality, of which 255 were built only as housing, and 49 were mixed use buildings. There were 159 single family homes, 45 double family homes, and 51 multi-family homes in the municipality. Most homes were either two (143) or three (70) story structures. There were only 24 single story buildings and 18 four or more story buildings.Wauwil has an unemployment rate of 2.23%. As of 2005, there were 159 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 22 businesses involved in this sector. 113 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 17 businesses in this sector. 197 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 44 businesses in this sector. As of 2000 53.4% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, females made up 43.1% of the workforce.In the 2000 census the religious membership of Wauwil was; 1,135 (67.9%) were Roman Catholic, and 100 (6.%) were Protestant, with an additional 166 (9.93%) that were of some other Christian faith. There are 103 individuals (6.16% of the population) who are Muslim. Of the rest; there were 19 (1.14%) individuals who belong to another religion (not listed), 56 (3.35%) who do not belong to any organized religion, 92 (5.51%) who did not answer the question. Weather Wauwil has an average of 128.1 days of rain per year and on average receives 1,006 mm (39.6 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Wauwil receives an average of 115 mm (4.5 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 13.1, but with only 101 mm (4.0 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is October with an average of 66 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 12.4 days.

17104104254510663054

Q983474

Pablo Abián 2008 (Beijing, China) He competed in badminton at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the men's singles and was defeated in the first round by Kestutis Navickas, 23-21, 12-21, 21-9. 2012 (London, Great Britain) He competed in badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the men's singles. He was the first Spanish man to win a match at an Olympic Games. He won in the first round against Petr Koukal (Czech Republic), 21-17, 16-21, 21-16, then he lost in the next match, against gold medal Athens Olympics Taufik Hidayat (Indonesia), 20-22, 11-21 after having notable performance in first set earning set point but putting a relatively easy smash into the net. 2016 (Rio, Brasil) In group stage won first match 21-12 and 21-10 against Jasper You Woon (BRU), and lost second encounter 18-21 and 19-21 to Hu Yun (HKG) after having good lead in both sets. 2006 (Madrid, Spain) Pablo Abián played in the 2006 IBF World Championships in the men's singles, and he was defeated in first round by Andrew Smith of England, 21-15, 21-13. 2007 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) The following year he competed at the 2007 BWF World Championships in men's singles again. In the first round he beat Luka Petric 21-9, 29-27. In the second round he was beaten by Simon Santoso, of Indonesia, 21-18, 21-15. 2010 (Paris, France) Pablo Abián competed at the 2010 BWF World Championships in men's singles. In the first round he won against Magnus Shalberg (Sweden) by 21-15, 21-16. In the second round he was beaten by Marc Zwiebler (German) by 21-17, 21-18. 2011 (London, England) Pablo Abián played the 2011 BWF World Championships in men's singles. In the first round he beat Yuhan Tan by 16-21, 21-17, 21-15. In the second round he won against Marc Zwiebler(German) in an exciting match by 21-17, 7-21, 24-22. In the last sixteen he lost against Kevin Cordon (Guatemala) 19-21, 21-19, 17-21. 2013 (Guangzhou, China) Pablo Abián played the 2013 BWF World Championships in men's singles. In the first round he won against Osleni Guerrero (Cuba) by 21-14, 23-21. In the second round he beatAjay Jayaram(India) by 21-9, 21-17. In the last sixteen he lost against Tien Minh Nguyen (Vietnam) 21-15, 9-21, 10-21. European Championships In 2008 Pablo Abián was 5th in the European Championship (Herning, Denmark). In the first round he beat Atli Johannesson (Iceland) by 21-12, 21-8. In the second round he beath Aamir Ghaffar (England) by 22-20, 21-19. In the last sixteen he beat Steinar Klausen (Norway) 21-8, 21-9. In the quarter-finals he lost against Przemyslaw Wacha (Poland) 11-21, 17-21.Pablo Abián played at the Master European Circuit Finals in 2010 (Netherlands), he lost in the final against Rune Ulsing (Denmark).Pablo Abián finished first in the European Ranking in the season 2010/2011. World University Championships, Universiade Games and Mediterranean Games Pablo Abián reached 5th place in the 2010 World University Championship (Chinese Taipei).He achieved 5th place in the Universiade Games 2011 (Shenzhen, China). He lost in the quarter-final against Kai Wen (China) by 12-21, 21-23.Pablo Abián won the silver medal at the 2012 World University Championship (Gwangju, Korea). He lost the final against Kai Wen (China) by 16-21, 8-21.He won the silver medal at the 2013 Mediterranean Games played in Mersin (Turkey).

7686335663593737750

Q936568

Eugene Odum Biography Son of the sociologist Howard W. Odum, and older brother of the ecologist Howard T. Odum, E.P. Odum credited his father for imparting a holistic approach to exploring subjects. When contemplating where to conduct his advanced graduate work, he rejected both the University of Michigan and Cornell University, as he did not feel that this holism was embodied in their approach to their biology departments.Instead, he chose the Graduate Department of Zoology at the University of Illinois, where he earned his doctorate degree. There Odum was a student of Victor Shelford, whose efforts led to the establishment of The Nature Conservancy.After getting his Ph.D. in 1939, Odum was hired to be the first resident biologist at the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve and Biological Research Station, in Rensselaerville, New York. The 430-acre preserve had been founded in 1931 and its research station established in 1938. The Preserve’s first summer research fellows, also selected in 1939, were Edward C. Raney and Donald Griffin. Raney, who had just finished his Ph.D. at Cornell, studied green frogs and bullfrogs; he went on to become a leading ichthyologist (zoologist who studies fish). Griffin, who was completing his Ph.D. at Harvard, did research on bat echolocation (he later became famous for that work). Marriage and family Odum and Martha Ann Huff, whom he had met as a student, married at her home in Wilmette, Illinois, on November 18, 1939. She continued her work as an artist. Odum was very proud of Martha's accomplishments as an artist. She often painted landscapes when traveling with her husband across the US and overseas. Martha Ann Odum joined her husband in Rensselaerville, where he continued to work at the Huyck Preserve. His research included studying chickadees and—more important for his future as an ecologist—inventorying the plants and preparing a habitat map. His purpose was to establish a basis for succession studies of the land so man could plan and manage ecosystems. He and Martha had two sons, William Eugene and Daniel Thomas Odum. Their son William died young, in his 40s, but had already made important contributions to science while a faculty member at the University of Virginia. Academic career at University of Georgia In September 1940, Odum took a job as an instructor of biology at the University of Georgia (Athens, Georgia). In the late 1940s, while serving on the University's biology faculty committee, which was then drawing up a new curriculum, he concluded there was an urgent need to incorporate the subject of ecology, since he learned that his colleagues generally did not know what ecology (in its own right) might be. He founded the Institute of Ecology, later named for him.In 2007 the Institute of Ecology, which Odum founded at the University of Georgia, was named as the Odum School of Ecology, the first stand-alone academic unit of a research university dedicated to ecology. Odum also founded two field research stations as a faculty member at the University of Georgia: the University of Georgia Marine Institute and the Savannah River Ecology Lab. Ecosystems In the 1940s and 1950s, "ecology" was not yet a field of study that had been defined as a separate discipline. Even professional biologists seemed to Odum to be generally under-educated about how the Earth's ecological systems interact with one another. Odum brought forward the importance of ecology as a discipline that should be a fundamental dimension of the training of a biologist.Odum adopted and developed further the term "ecosystem". Although sometimes said to have been coined by Raymond Lindeman in 1942, the term "ecosystem" first appeared in a 1935 publication by the British ecologist, Arthur Tansley, and had in 1930 been coined by Tansley's colleague, Roy Clapham. Before Odum, the ecology of specific organisms and environments had been studied on a more limited scale within individual sub-disciplines of biology. Many scientists doubted that it could be studied on a large scale, or as a discipline in itself.Odum wrote a textbook on ecology with his brother, Howard Thomas Odum, a graduate student at Yale. The Odum brothers' book (first edition, 1953), Fundamentals of Ecology, was the only textbook in the field for about ten years. Among other things, the Odums explored how one natural system can interact with another. Environmentalism While Odum did wish to influence the knowledge base and thinking of fellow biologists and of college and university students, his historical role was not as a promoter of public environmentalism as we now know it. However, his dedication in his 1963 book, Ecology, expressed that his father had inspired him to "seek more harmonious relationships between man and nature".By 1970, when the first Earth Day was organized, Odum's conception of the living Earth as a global set of interlaced ecosystems became one of the key insights of the environmental movement that has since spread through the world. He was, however, an independent thinker who was at times, gently critical of the slogans and fashionable concepts of the environmentalist movement. Legacy Odum's will stipulated that, after his death, his 26 acres (110,000 m²) on the Middle Oconee River in Athens, Ga. would be sold and developed according to plans he laid out before his death. He would often show friends and colleagues hand sketched plans for his vision of this green community. Plans included that over 50 percent of the property would be protected greenspace and walking trails, managed by the Oconee River Land Trust. Profits from the sale of the land would go to the Eugene and William Odum Ecology Fund, after $1 million is set aside for a professorial chair at UGA in Odum's name. The land was sold to builder John Willis Homes who is honoring Odum’s wishes at Beech Creek Preserve.Odum's financial contributions were focused on not only the University of Georgia, but also the University of Virginia given his son's faculty appointment there, and the University of North Carolina where his father was a prolific scholar. Ultimately, his wealth—partly the product of book royalties—benefited those institutions that he respected. The Ecological Society of America offers the Eugene P. Odum Award for Excellence in Ecology Education, which was endowed by, and named for, Odum.

10272277047551379273

Q844072

Centre-right politics French Revolution to World War II The prominent inspiration for the centre-right (especially in Britain) was the traditionalist conservatism of Edmund Burke. Burke's traditionalist conservatism was more moderate than the continental conservatism developed by Joseph De Maistre in France, that upon experiencing the French Revolution completely denounced the status quo that existed immediately prior to the revolution (unlike Burke) and de Maistre sought a reactionary counter-revolution that would dismantle all modern society and return it to a strictly religious-based society. While Burke condemned the French Revolution, he had supported the American Revolution that he viewed as being a conservative revolution. Burke claimed that the Americans revolted for the same reason as the English had during the Glorious Revolution, in both cases a monarch had overstepped the boundaries of his duties. Burke claimed that the American Revolution was justified because King George III had overstepped his customary rights by imposing taxes on the American colonists without their consent. Burke opposed the French Revolution because he opposed its anti-traditionalism and its use of abstract ideas, such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and its universal egalitarianism that Burke rebuked by claiming that it effectively endorsed "hairdressers" being able to be politicians.In Britain, the traditionalist conservative movement was represented in the British Conservative Party. Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Benjamin Disraeli sought to address social problems affecting the working class due to lack of assistance from the laissez-faire economy and formed his one nation conservatism that claimed that lack of assistance for the lower classes had divided British society into two nations – the rich and the poor as the result of unrestrained private enterprise, he claimed that he sought to break down. Disraeli said that he supported a united British nation while presenting the other parties representing the upper-class or the lower-class. Disraeli was hostile to free trade and preferred aristocratic paternalism as well as promoting imperialism. However, with the revival in Britain of the socialist movement with the rise of the Labour Party and the demise of the Liberal Party, the Conservative Party shifted to become a supporter of capitalism and an opponent of socialism, while advocacy of capitalism was promoted within the principles of traditionalist conservatism.Another centre-right movement that arose in France in response to the French Revolution was the beginning of the Christian democracy movement, where moderate conservative Catholics accepted the democratic elements of the French Revolution. The first Christian democratic party was founded in Italy in 1919 by Luigi Sturzo, but it was suppressed by the Italian Fascist regime and was forced into exile in France. In France, Sturzo founded an international movement that supported the creation of a European common market and European integration to prevent war, amongst those who attended the group included future German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, Alcide de Gasperi and Robert Schuman. Post-World War II In Europe after World War II, centre-right Christian democratic parties arose as powerful political movements while the Catholic traditionalist movements in Europe diminished in strength. Christian democratic movements became major movements in Austria, the Benelux countries, Germany and Italy.Neoliberalism arose as an economic theory by Milton Friedman that condemned government interventionism in the economy that it associated with socialism and collectivism. Neoliberals rejected Keynesian economics that they claimed advocate too much emphasis on relieving unemployment in response to their observance of the Great Depression, identifying the real problem as being with inflation and advocate the policy of monetarism to deal with inflation.Neoliberal economics was endorsed by Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who adapted it as part of a free-market conservatism closer to the developments in American conservatism, while traditionalist conservatism became less influential within the British Conservative Party. However, the British Conservative Party still has a large traditional conservative base, particularly the conservative Cornerstone Group. Thatcher publicly supported centre-right politics and supported its spread in Eastern Europe after the end of the Marxist-Leninist regimes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. After the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, a variety of centre-right political parties have emerged there, including many that support neoliberalism.In the United States, President Ronald Reagan (1981–1989) adopted many policies stemming from Milton Friedman's economic theories, including principles from the Chicago school of economics and monetarism. While social conservatives and the rise of the Christian Right contributed greatly to forming the Reagan Coalition, the President also had the support of right-wing economic neoliberals. Using Friedman's neoliberal theories, the Reagan administration cut the marginal income tax from 70% to 28%, reduced inflation from 13.5% in Jimmy Carter's final year (1980) to 1.9% in 1986 and reduced civilian unemployment from 10.8% to 5.3% of the workforce.

2429644781243823580

Q579935

Stanpit Stanpit Marsh Along part of the south west side of Stanpit road is Stanpit Marsh. It was formed as the result of action and deposition of material from the rivers Stour and Avon as they meet with the salt water within Christchurch Harbour. The site is owned by Christchurch Borough Council and managed by Christchurch Countryside Service. The area known as Stanpit Marsh is a mixture of habitats including areas of salt marsh, reed beds, freshwater marsh, gravel estuarine banks and sandy scrub. Together with Grimbury Marsh, it forms one of the largest areas of salt marsh in the county. The highest point of the marsh is an ancient grass covered sand dune named Crouch Hill. It stands 5 metres above sea level. To the east of Crouch hill lies Blackberry Point. In the past this was a small island within the Harbour known locally as Horseshoe Island. Today it has become firmly attached to the marsh.Stanpit Marsh is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and an important nature reserve of about 65 hectares (160 acres), combining both freshwater and saltwater habitats. There are over 300 species of plants growing there and 14 of them are considered to be nationally rare and endangered. It is used by 312 species of bird, a few of which breed there. Many others are migratory and use the marsh as an important staging point. In 2001 a successful breeding program for Natterjack Toads was established.A circular path on the marsh uses a prototype Bailey bridge to cross Mother Siller's Channel. The Mother Siller's Channel is named after an 18th-century smuggler, Ma (Hannah) Seller, one time landlady of the Ship in Distress. This channel, now silted up, used to lead to the back of her pub and thus was a convenient 'trade' route. Formation and development The marsh is geologically relatively new, the oldest parts date back about 10,000 years. Ever since the formation of the harbour, when the lower valleys of the rivers Avon and Stour were flooded by a post-glacial rise in sea level; the two rivers have been depositing their sediment in the shallow waters. During periods of low tide, channels and creeks began to appear and the isolated banks of silt became colonised by plants such as Glassworts, Sea Purslane and Seablite all of which have a high tolerance to salt water. These plants caused the flow of water to decrease further and thus more sediment was deposited. Eventually the mud banks grew above the high tide level and other vegetation was able to develop.The marsh is continuing to change and evolve. Separated from the older Stanpit Marsh by the Mother Siller's Channel is the more recent Grimbury marsh and to the south-east, the even more recent addition of Blackberry Island. Parts of the marsh have been drained and now provide grazing land for ponies.The Marsh has a history of human activity dating back to 5000 BCE. Excavations in 1969 on the eastern bank of Mother Siller's Channel revealed finds left by Mesolithic nomadic people (3000 BCE). As well as flint fragments, traces of Purbeck Limestone and Portland stone were discovered showing evidence of human movements across Dorset. There have been considerable rises in the sea level over during the marshes existence. Finds up to the early Bronze Age were also made during these excavations. After the Iron Age material evidence of human activities is rare.The area was designated as a Local Nature Reserve in 1964 and a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1986. The Ship in Distress public house The Ship in Distress public house is located at the top of Mothers Sillars Channel, along the Stanpit road. It was the landlady of the pub, Hannah Seller, who the channel is named after. She had been married to the landlord of the Haven House on Mudeford Quay, and on his death, she took over the inn, later moving to The Ship in Distress. It appears that she was deeply involved in the free-trade: she allowed both pubs to be used for storage, and would induce customers to assist smuggling vessels in difficulties.Next door to the pub was a tobacco and snuff factory, owned by the by then 'respectable' John Streeter who had earlier been gaoled for his part in the battle. Perhaps not unsurprisingly, many of the deliveries came at night and other local tobacco traders complained that they were unable to compete with Streeter.

6741088483337302887

Q2123937

Climax Springs, Missouri History A post office called Climax was established in 1883, and the name was changed to Climax Springs in 1886. The community took its name from a mineral spring near the original town site. According to tradition, an enthusiastic settler cried "that caps the climax!" upon discovering the spring and realizing its potential as a mineral spa.In 2015, Climax Springs disincorporated. Geography Climax Springs is located at 38°6′13″N 93°3′5″W (38.103626, -93.051339).According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.46 square miles (1.19 km²), all land.The town is located on a ridge-like landform in the northern Ozarks. It is approximately six miles south of the Lake of the Ozarks, and about 3.5 miles north of the Little Niangua River. The area just southeast of Climax Springs is called Kolb Hollow, with the Kolb Creek running through it. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 124 people, 46 households, and 32 families residing in the village. The population density was 269.6 inhabitants per square mile (104.1/km²). There were 60 housing units at an average density of 130.4 per square mile (50.3/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 96.8% White and 3.2% from other races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.There were 46 households of which 43.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 10.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 30.4% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.09.The median age in the village was 39 years. 33.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 19.3% were from 25 to 44; 31.3% were from 45 to 64; and 8.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 53.2% male and 46.8% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 80 people, 37 households, and 19 families residing in the village. The population density was 294.6 people per square mile (114.4/km²). There were 45 housing units at an average density of 165.7 per square mile (64.4/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.50% White, 1.25% Native American, and 1.25% from two or more races.There were 37 households out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.6% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.95.In the village, the population was spread out with 23.8% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.3 males.The median income for a household in the village was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $21,875 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,620. There were no families and 8.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 11.8% of those over 64. Education Climax Springs R-IV School District operates one elementary school and Climax Springs High School.Climax Springs has a public library, a branch of the Camden County Library District.

2069981480768341171

Q460523

Pinus ponderosa Description Pinus ponderosa is a large coniferous pine (evergreen) tree. The bark helps to distinguish it from other species. Mature to over-mature individuals have yellow to orange-red bark in broad to very broad plates with black crevices. Younger trees have blackish-brown bark, referred to as "blackjacks" by early loggers. Ponderosa pine's five subspecies, as classified by some botanists, can be identified by their characteristically bright-green needles (contrasting with blue-green needles that distinguish Jeffrey pine). The Pacific subspecies has the longest—7.8 in (19.8 cm)—and most flexible needles in plume-like fascicles of three. The Columbia ponderosa pine has long—4.7–8.1 in (12.0–20.5 cm)—and relatively flexible needles in fascicles of three. The Rocky Mountains subspecies has shorter—3.6–5.7 in (9.2–14.4 cm)—and stout needles growing in scopulate (bushy, tuft-like) fascicles of two or three. The southwestern subspecies has 4.4–7.8 in (11.2–19.8 cm), stout needles in fascicles of three (averaging 2.7–3.5 in (69–89 mm)). The central High Plains subspecies is characterized by the fewest needles (1.4 per whorl, on average); stout, upright branches at narrow angles from the trunk; and long green needles—5.8–7.0 in (14.8–17.9 cm)—extending farthest along the branch, resembling a fox tail. Needles are widest, stoutest, and fewest (averaging 2.2–2.8 in (56–71 mm)) for the species.Sources differ on the scent of P. ponderosa. Some state that the bark smells of turpentine, which could reflect the dominance of terpenes (alpha- and beta-pinenes, and delta-3-carene). Others state that it has no distinctive scent, while still others state that the bark smells like vanilla if sampled from a furrow of the bark. Sources agree that the Jeffrey pine is more strongly scented than the ponderosa pine. Size The National Register of Big Trees lists a ponderosa pine that is 235 ft (72 m) tall and 324 in (820 cm) in circumference. In January 2011, a Pacific ponderosa pine in the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest in Oregon was measured with a laser to be 268.35 ft (81.79 m) high. The measurement was performed by Michael Taylor and Mario Vaden, a professional arborist from Oregon. The tree was climbed on October 13, 2011, by Ascending The Giants (a tree-climbing company in Portland, Oregon) and directly measured with tape-line at 268.29 ft (81.77 m) high. This is the second tallest known pine after the sugar pine. Cultivation This species is grown as an ornamental plant in parks and large gardens. Use in nuclear testing During Operation Upshot–Knothole in 1953, a nuclear test was performed in which 145 ponderosa pines were cut down by the United States Forest Service and transported to Area 5 of the Nevada Test Site, where they were planted into the ground and exposed to a nuclear blast to see what the blast wave would do to a forest. The trees were partially burned and blown over. Ecology and distribution Pinus ponderosa is a dominant tree in the Kuchler plant association, the ponderosa shrub forest. Like most western pines, the ponderosa generally is associated with mountainous topography. However, it is found on banks of the Niobrara River in Nebraska. Scattered stands occur in the Willamette Valley of Oregon and in the Okanagan Valley and Puget Sound areas of Washington. Stands occur throughout low level valleys in British Columbia reaching as far north as the Thompson, Fraser and Columbia watersheds. In its Northern limits, it only grows below 1,300m (4,200ft) elevation, but is most common below 800m (2,600ft). Ponderosa covers 1 million acres (4,000 km²), or 80%, of the Black Hills of South Dakota. It is found on foothills and mid-height peaks of the northern, central, and southern Rocky Mountains, in the Cascade Range, in the Sierra Nevada, and in the maritime-influenced Coast Range. In Arizona, it predominates on the Mogollon Rim and is scattered on the Mogollon Plateau and on mid-height peaks in Arizona and New Mexico. It does not extend into Mexico.The fire cycle for ponderosa pine is 5 to 10 years, in which a natural ignition sparks a low-intensity fire.Pinus ponderosa needles are the only known food of the caterpillars of the gelechiid moth Chionodes retiniella. Blue stain fungus, Grosmannia clavigera, is introduced in sapwood of P. ponderosa from the galleries of all species in the genus Dendroctonus (mountain pine beetle), which has caused much damage. Taxonomy Modern forestry research has identified five different taxa of P. ponderosa, with differing botanical characters and adaptations to different climatic conditions. Four of these have been termed "geographic races" in forestry literature. Some botanists historically treated some races as distinct species. In modern botanical usage, they best match the rank of subspecies and have been formally published. Symbols "Official state tree of Montana. Montana schoolchildren selected the ponderosa pine over the Douglas fir, American larch, and cottonwood as Montana"s state tree in 1908, but it was not made official until 1949" -- Statesymbolsusa.org

7505682164291658829

Q16147344

Agnes Bulmer Agnes Bulmer (31 August 1775 – 20 August 1836) was an English poet. She is believed to have written the longest epic poem ever written by a woman. The piece, Messiah's Kingdom, took over nine years to complete. Early life She was born Agnes Collinson, in London, England, in 1775. Her parents were Edward and Elizabeth Collinson. Bulmer had two other sisters and she was the youngest. The family lived on Lombard Street in London.Bulmer's parents were Methodists, and were friends with John Wesley. Bulmer was baptized by Wesley and she was admitted to his school, in December 1789. She attended the City Road Chapel, and remained a member of the society until her death. She was also a devout patron of the Church of England.The family was defined as middle class, and Bulmer's education provided her access to literature, which she enjoyed very much. By the age of twelve she had read Edward Young's Night-Thoughts. It was a major influence on her own style. By age fourteen she had published her first work, On the Death of Charles Wesley. Wesley sent her a personal note, thanking her for the piece, he also advised her to "Beware of pride; beware of flattery; suffer none to commend you to your face; remember, one good temper is of more value, in the sight of God, than a thousand good verses. All you want is to have the mind that was in Christ, and to walk as Christ walked."In school, she befriended Elizabeth Richie Mortimer and Sarah Wesley, the latter being the wife of Charles Wesley. She studied under Hester Ann Rogers in school, and would eventually write an elegy upon Rogers death. Mid-life She married Joseph Bulmer in 1793. He was a London-based warehouse worker and merchant, also involved in the Methodist church. He was financially successful and popular within the church, and other non-church related local communities.The couple socialized frequently, spending time with the likes of Adam Clarke, Joseph Benson, Jabez Bunting, and Richard Watson. Clarke was fond of Bulmer, and stated that she "astonished" him with her intellect and skill. She was described as being a "match for men," in Wesleyan Methodist Magazine regarding her intelligence and interests. However, she was often described as being equal yet "feminine" in her qualities by writers, showing that while men believed her to be equal, she was still "domestic" and "delicate," according to William Bunting, and other writers. Later life Bulmer taught at City Road Chapel, until 1822, and wrote. She was involved in social activities, including the Ladies Working Society, and also did visits at hospitals and with the poor. During this period she worked on Bible stories for children, which were published as Scripture Histories. Joseph Bulmer died on 23 July 1822 from an illness. Bulmer's mother died also. She entered into a deep period of mourning, and wrote a lot of poetry related to death.She died on 20 August 1836. She became sick during a trip to the Isle of Wight, and died. William Bunting presided over the funeral. She is buried in City Road Chapel. Work Her earliest published work was On the Death of Charles Wesley, in 1788. Bulmer wrote an elegy for Hester Ann Rogers, after Rogers died in 1793. The piece was published in 1794. She wrote Messiah's Kingdom, an epic poem. The latter was published in a series of twelve books, in 1833. Messiahs' Kingdom is considered the longest poem ever written by a woman. The piece took nine years to complete, with over 14,000 lines. Her children's biblical stories, Scripture Histories, were regularly published in Methodist publications. She wrote her first biography in 1835, about her friend Elizabeth Mortimer, The Memoirs of Elizabeth Mortimer.

6420674528674736409

Q5320303

Día Mundial de Ponce Attributes The motto of the celebration is "Ponce, Orgullo de Todos" (English: Ponce, Everyone's Pride) History The celebration dates back to an idea that Ponce native Rafael Serrano Segarra had while in flight to Ponce from the United States in 2011. While reading a magazine on board the airliner he came across an article about how the residents of Manchester, England, held an annual celebration of pride for their city. It occurred to Serrano Segarra that Ponceños could do something similar in their city. On 21 June 2011, Serrano presented his ideas to a group of concerned Ponceños at the Antiguo Casino de Ponce. On 28 November 2011 Serrano created the non-profit organization Comité Pro Día Mundial de Ponce (Committee Pro Dia Mundial de Ponce) to set the basis for obtaining approval for the concept. In December 2011, the Puerto Rico Senate approved the Sunday before Labor Day as Día Mundial de Ponce, and the celebrations started. The first celebration took place on 2 September 2012. The first year of this celebration, the Grand Parade took place on the last Sunday of the celebration, but starting in 2013, the week-long events ended on a Saturday and the Grand Parade was changed to take place that day. Rafael Serrano, president and founder of the event, September was chosen for the event because, according to him, there are three dates in September associated with the founding of the city. List of events The celebration starts on the Monday before the Labor Day weekend, and the 2012 events were as follows. All the celebrations took place in the city of Ponce.Monday (Aug 27): The “Tommy Muñiz Theatrical Festival”, featuring the theatrical show “Maten a Borges” at Teatro La Perla.Tuesday (Aug 28): The “Juan Viguié Film Festival”, featuring the film "The Life of Isabel La Negra (Original film title in English: “Life of Sin”) at Teatro La Perla.Wednesday (Aug 29, 7:30pm): The “El Canto del León” Lyrical Poetic Reading dedicated to the musical legacy of Antonio Paoli, at the Antonio Paoli Theater, Interamerican University of Puerto Rico at Ponce.Thursday (Aug 30, 7pm): The “Rosario Ferré Book Fair”, featuring the presentation of the book “Los Rostros Rayados”, by Dr. Fernando Picó, regarding the life in Ponce from 1800 to 1830, the years that helped turn the city into Puerto Rico's “Capital Alterna” (Alternative Capital), at Escuela de Bellas Artes de Ponce. Concurrent with the “Miguel Pou Fine Arts Festival”, featuring “Voces Ponceñas”, an art exposition about Ponce by Ponce artists, also at Escuela de Bellas Artes.Friday (Aug 31): The “Ednita Nazario Romantic Music Festival”, featuring “Bohemia Caribeña”, a medley of over 30 musical artists interpreting musical selections, with drinks and Hors d'oeuvres, at Plaza del Mercado Isabel II.Saturday (Sept 1, 8pm): The “Henry Hutchinson Classical Music Festival”, featuring a classical music concert by Venezuelan pianist Vanessa Pérez, at the Antonio Paoli Theater, Interamerican University of Puerto Rico at Ponce.Sunday (Sept 2): Holy Mass at Catedral Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe by Ponce Bishop Félix Lázaro Martínez, followed by an open house at Museo de Arte de Ponce, and followed by an 11 o'clock minute of citywide cheering and honking throughout the city. This was then followed by the 3pm “Grand Parade” covering over 2 miles of city streets. 2013 Edition The 2013 edition of the celebration took place on 21 September 2013 with the participation of over 3,500 participants, in addition to the cheering public.

6987874763105480138

Q7890897

United States Post Office, Courthouse, and Federal Office Building (Oklahoma City) Building history The United States Post Office and Courthouse was the first monumental structure in Oklahoma City and served as an anchor for future federal development. Plans for the construction of the building began in 1903 when Congress appropriated funds for a downtown facility. Due to the region's rapid growth, original funding was insufficient and additional money was allotted in 1906, 1908, and 1910. It was the first federal building constructed in Oklahoma, which became a state only five years prior to the building's 1912 completion.As a courthouse, the building housed the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. In 1926, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit began using the building, until the Courts of Appeals were reorganized in 1929, and Oklahoma was placed in the Tenth Circuit. The Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit met here from 1929 until 1962.Two important cases were decided in this building. George "Machine Gun" Kelly, a notorious outlaw of the Prohibition era, was found guilty of kidnapping Oklahoma City oilman and millionaire Charles F. Urschel. Kelly was sentenced in 1933 to life in prison and sent to Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. Kelly's trial was the first in the nation to allow sound and picture equipment in a federal courtroom. In 1949, the case of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents was heard. The court's decision desegregated graduate schools in Oklahoma.The building is part of a Federal complex that included a separate courthouse constructed in 1959 and the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. In April 1995, a terrorist bomb destroyed the Murrah building causing tragic injuries and fatalities. Portions of the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, most notably the tower, were damaged by concussions from the blast. Repairs were made to windows, ceiling tiles, and lights. Today, the site of the bombing is the Oklahoma City National Memorial. A new federal building is located several blocks north of the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse.The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1992, the U.S. General Services Administration completed a restoration of significant interior spaces. The restoration was recognized with awards from the Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office and the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. Although the post office relocated in 1966, the building continues to function in its historic capacity as a federal courthouse and office building. Architecture This landmark building was designed the Office of the Supervising Architect of the U.S. Treasury Department under James Knox Taylor. The building was constructed in 1912 in the Beaux Arts Classicism style. This style of architecture was commonly used for important public buildings from the end of the 19th century until the early years of the 20th century. The building's symmetry, monumental form, balustrade, and pilasters (attached columns) are characteristic of Beaux Arts Classicism. The original portion of the building is three stories tall and faced with limestone. Pediments, arched openings, and shallow balconies are other notable components of the facade. The roof is covered with red tiles.The original building was enlarged on two separate occasions. In 1919, an addition that doubled the building size was constructed on the west side of the original building. The Office of the Supervising Architect was once again responsible for the design, which was executed in the Beaux Arts Classicism style to blend with the original portion of the building. The facility was enlarged again in 1932 when another addition was completed. Both additions were carried out by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. This second addition, located on the western end of the 1919 portion, once again respected the Beaux Arts Classicism of the earlier portions. As part of the 1932 expansion, a centrally placed tower was added over the 1919 addition. The tower features stylized decorative motifs that are characteristic of Art Deco architecture, which emphasizes the verticality of the design and incorporates Classical forms while minimizing ornate elements.The interior is as impressive as the exterior. In 1992, the U.S. General Services Administration restored major public spaces to their original splendor. The lobby, which runs the length of the building, contains a barrel-vaulted ceiling with arched openings that contain geometric, metal grilles. Also in the lobby, the patterned tile floor, green-and-gold starburst ceiling stencils, brass chandeliers, and bronze elevator doors were restored. Elaborate ceilings in the courtrooms, some of which contain skylights with grilles, were refurbished. An ornamental painted ceiling was added to the ninth-floor courtroom. Although the ceiling was shown as part of the architect's original design, it was not executed during construction in 1932.Two murals near the main entrance were painted in 1935 as part of the Works Progress Administration program. Covered up during modernization work, the murals have since been restored. One depicts a Postal Service Pony Express rider seal, and the other is an image of the Great Seal of the United States.The first floor lobby contains two paintings by James D. Butler that were installed in 1993. "Sunset Near the Chisholm Trail" symbolizes the cowboy heritage and agricultural significance of Oklahoma. "A View Near Tahlequah, Cherokee County" symbolizes the state's Native American legacy and natural beauty.

3871526025990659510

Q17020515

Hawaiian Organic Act Background The Island of Hawaii was first inhabited by Polynesians who arrived in canoes and spread to the other Hawaiian islands. After the contact by the British explorer James Cook the islands became well known and Europeans came and inhabited them. The French government was interested in the islands and wanted to establish Catholicism. The Kingdom of Hawaii became more influenced by the United States which set up trade relations with the Kingdom. After the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893, the new Republic of Hawaii government lobbied for annexation by the United States. Annexation was approved by President William McKinley and Hawaii was incorporated as part of the territory of the United States on August 12, 1898, and then, in April 1900, organized as the territory of Hawaii. Capital The Act stated that Honolulu on the island Oahu would be the capital of the Territory of Hawaii. Citizenship The Act stated any person that was a citizen of the Republic of Hawaii on or before August 12, 1898 would also be a citizen of the United States, and any citizen of the United States that resided in the island on or after August 12, 1898 would have to live there to become a citizen of the Territory of Hawaii. Abolished offices Certain offices that the Republic of Hawaii once supported would be abolished and replaced. For example, president, minister of foreign affairs, minister of the interior, minister of finance, minister of public instruction, auditor-general, deputy auditor-general, surveyor-general, marshal, and deputy marshal of the Republic of Hawaii. Laws All laws in effect in the Republic of Hawaii would continue. Suits will be under the name of the Territory of Hawaii. Finally the act stated that any contracts made since August 12, 1898 will be nullified and terminated since they are no longer legal binding according to the United States Congress.Section 67 of the Act came under U.S. Supreme Court reference during World War II with regard to what martial law actually allowed, and more specifically, whether civilians could be tried by military courts. Section 67 derived from Article 31 of the Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii (1895), was suited for disloyal subjects at odds with the annexation; demonstrating how quickly political situations can change. Elections Elections would be held on the second Tuesday of November, but the governor can make a special request 30 days in advance for an earlier election. Corruption An office holder who takes bribes and subdues to any type of corruption will have voting rights repealed and will no longer be allowed to run for any governmental office, unless they are pardoned and civil rights are restored. Civilian punishment against a Member of the House If a person from either the Hawaii House of Representatives or Hawaii Senate is assaulted, detained or harmed, the offenders will be fined or detained for a maximum of 30 days. This also applies if the person violates or threatens any member of any house. Member's salary Members of either house will be paid $1000 for each general session to which they attend. [Congress] is responsible for such payments from the United States Treasury. A bonus will be paid to any member who travels any distance for their general session of 20 cents per mile. A final bonus of $500 will be paid to any member who wishes to participate in any special session. Punishments and privileges of legislative members Any member of the Senate or House of Representatives found guilty disorderly behavior or neglect of duty can be censured or impeached. Any member can be pardoned for any words that he may have said during a general session. Any member can also be pardoned of any crime while he is away on their respective house sessions, unless the crime includes any form of treason, felony, or breach of peace. Establishing the Senate The Senate had 25 members, having a four-year term. When a member of the Senate dies or resigns, a special election or a general election will appoint a new member to replace him. Requirements for Senator A senator of the Hawaiian Islands must be a citizen of the United States, must be at least 30 years old, and must have lived in Hawaii for at least three years. Establishing the House of Representatives The house of representatives will hold 51 members who shall be elected from their representative district, the member will then be active until the following general election. In case a vacancy opens then a special election will be held to fill in that vacancy. Requirements to be in House of Representatives Candidates to the House of Representatives must be 25 years of age, a citizen of the United States, and lived in Hawaii for at least three years.

2045956127815273247

Q898718

Tilos Neolithic Pottery and stone tools discovered in Charkadio cave indicate human activity on Tilos in the early Neolithic period (8000 BC to 7000 BC), along with the large assembly of bones of 1.2-to-1.6-metre-tall (3-foot-11-inch-to-5-foot-3-inch) dwarf elephants, carbon dated to between 4000 and 7000 BC (some now in the museum). Masseti (2001) suggests coexistence of these animals with humans, possibly into the historic period. Aegean Bronze Age Excavation has identified Pelasgian masonry, as well as suggesting Tilos was successively dominated by Minoans, Mycenaeans and Dorians. Byzantine Tilos followed Rhodes into the Byzantine Empire following the death of Theodosius I and was a member of the naval Theme of Samos between the 9th and 14th century. Crusaders The Knights of Saint John took control of Tilos from 1309, restoring the Byzantine castles, and building new ones in order to defend against pirate raids. It was evacuated in 1470 as the Ottomans began the Siege of Rhodes and control passed to Suleiman I in 1522 when Rhodes fell. Ottoman In 1523, Tilos was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and the island was put under the privileged administrative and tax system known as "maktou." Christian pirates pillaged the island constantly. 20th Century Ottoman rule lasted until May 12, 1912, when Italian sailors landed in the bay of Eristos during the Italo-Turkish War. Tilos then became part the Italian possession of the Isole Italiane dell'Egeo. After the Italian Armistice of September 8, 1943, Tilos was occupied by German troops, and in 1948 it joined Greece together with all the Dodecanese islands. Since 1948, the population of the island has declined rapidly, as many Tilians migrated to the United States or Australia.In June 2008, Anastassios Aliferis, the Socialist mayor of the island performed the first same-sex marriages in Greece, citing a legal loophole and defying claims of illegality by a Greek prosecutor.In late 2018 Tilos will become the first island in the Mediterranean to run exclusively on wind and solar power. Geography Tílos has an inverted 'S' shape, is about 14.5 km (9.0 mi) long, north-west to south-east, with a maximum width of 8 km (5 mi) and an area of about 61 square kilometres (24 sq mi). The island has a mountainous limestone interior, volcanic lowlands, pumice beds and red lava sand, like its north western neighbour Nisyros. It is well supplied by springs, and is potentially very fertile and productive. Its coasts are generally rocky or pebbled, but there are also a number of sandy beaches. Landmarks At the north-west end of the island, the Monastery of Áyios Pandeleímon, (also the island's patron saint), sits on the slopes of Mount Profítis Ilías (654 m). The monastery features fresh cold water springs as well as an enormous loquat tree (called Musmulla in Greek). The mountain borders a fertile plain running across the island's width, with the settlements of Áyios Andónis to the north and Éristos to the south. To the north-east of the plain is the island's capital, Megálo Chorió, built in the early 19th century at the foot of the ancient city of Telos. The archaic ruins stretch up to the site of the acropolis of the ancient city, dedicated to Pythios Apollo and Poliada Athina, and the Venetian Kástro, built over it. To the west is Kharkhadió Cave, where excavations in 1971 unearthed Neolithic finds and bones of dwarf elephant.Above the cave stand the ruins of the medieval Fortress of Mesariá. At southern end of the island, bordered by more fertile meadows, is Livádhia, the major harbour and economic centre of the island. The island's old capital, Mikró Chorió, first settled in the 15th century by the Knights of the Order of St John, overlooks the bay. It has been completely abandoned since 1960, its inhabitants having moved down to the harbour in the 1930s. A number of other settlements such as Lethrá, Gherá, and Panó Méri have similarly been abandoned. Mount Áyios Nikoláos (367 m) stands to the south of the bay. Power grid Tilos has an undersea cable connecting it to Kos via Nisiros. This struggled to cope with the large summer population, and frequently failed. This has been reinforced with solar power, wind turbines and a battery farm, making Tilos self sufficient with fully renewable electricity.

15528748759759830495

Q270041

Al Hudaydah History In the Islamic chronicles, the name Al-Hudaydah was first mentioned in the year 1454/55 and the city became a popular and important one in the 1520s when the Ottomans took over Yemeni Tihāmah. The Malay writer Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir visited Al Hudaydah on his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1854, and describes the city in his account of the journey, mentioning that the custom of chewing khat was prevalent in the city at this time.In 1914, during the First World War German troops led by Major Freiherr Othmar von Stotzingen established "Stotzingen-Mission", a wireless station, at Al Hudaydah, which was used during the Arab Revolt to relay communications from Constantinople to German East Africa as well as broadcast propaganda to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, British Somaliland and Abyssinia.The city was briefly occupied by Saudi forces during the Saudi–Yemeni War of 1934.After a disastrous fire in January 1961 destroyed much of Al-Hudaydah, it was rebuilt, particularly the port facilities, with Soviet aid. A highway to Sana'a, the capital, was completed in 1961. The city was also the site of a Soviet naval base in the 1970s and 1980s.Al-Hudaydah has a large number of historical places; particularly in Zabid, which is regarded as one of the most important Islamic towns in the world. The city is not large but it has more than one hundred old mosques. Furthermore, it used to have a university, that was as old as al-Azhar. Economy Situated on the Red Sea, it is an important port, exporting coffee, cotton, dates and hides. It was developed as a seaport in the mid-19th century by the Ottoman Turks. As of June 2018, three quarters of humanitarian and commercial cargo entering Yemen arrived via the port of Hudaydah. It serves as the entry point for Yemen's humanitarian aid and around 70% of commercial imports.As of 1920, the British described Al Hudaydah's port as being a "poor harbour." With two entrances, it was only able to provide adequate storage and shelter for small boats, with larger boats and ships having to dock over two miles away. In 1908, a new pier was built, which had trouble with depth, leading most imported items to be dumped on the beach instead of delivered by dock. Coal was often available for visiting vessels. A new harbour was built 10 miles northwest of the town by the Ottoman government, with a small train line leading to Al Hudaydah, and connected to the Sana-Hodeida Railway. A French company built the rail system, which was halted upon the Italo-Turkish War breakout. As of 1909, the port was bringing in less than the port at Jeddah. That year, 172 steam ships visited the port. The majority of the goods were from the United Kingdom, followed by Italy, Russia and Germany. German imports had grown from 1905 to 1909, with British shipping declining. Despite struggles with a good quality harbour, the town was described as being the centre of dhow building.The city was known for producing striped coarse cotton cloth, woven by hand. The artisans making the cloth were relocated to Al Hudaydah from Zabīd and Beit el-Faki due to tribal conflict. The city was also a centre for tanning and sandal making.In the late 19th-century, Al Hudaydah was a chief exporter of coffee, with that export business shifting to Aden in the early 20th-century due to more secure routes at Aden. Al Hudaydah had to transport their goods usually through Yemen and Indian ports for security reasons, making exportation to the United Kingdom troublesome. During this time period, the region imported cereal and rice from India, cotton from Manchester, England and the United States, iron and steel from Germany, and general goods from Italy and Austria. As of 1920, the city was exporting fuller's earth, hides and coffee. The coffee produced in Al Hudaydah was considered some of the finest in the region. Yemeni Civil War The port of Al Hudaydah plays a crucial role in allowing food to be imported into the country. This role has been disrupted several times over the course of the Yemeni civil war.In June 2018, pro-Hadi government forces with the backing of the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia entered the port of Al Hudaydah, in an effort to dislodge Houthi forces. Due to the risk of a humanitarian crisis if the port is besieged, the United Nations has attempted to secure an agreement with the Houthis to place the port under UN control, but has been unsuccessful until December 13, 2018 on which date, there was an announcement by the UN general secretary Antonio Guterres that the two sides to the civil war have reached an agreement on a ceasefire.

15233219458236759396

Q16207064

Sudhanshu Sharma Sudhanshu Sharma (born 19 February 1969) referred to as Dr. Sudhanshu is an Indian educationist, politician and environmentalist. He is well known for his famous satire on Indian political system, "Indians @ rest", which is also famous for its astute and germane solutions of problems faced by Indians. He is the founder of the Peoplesgreen movement, a philosophy that advocates the formation of peoplegreen sector. To achieve the goals of the movement he established a political party, the Indian Peoples Green Party in 2011 and currently, holds the post of National President in Indian Peoples Green Party. He is the co-founder of Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur (India); a non-profit private university established in 2008. He has also served as vice-chancellor of Suresh Gyan Vihar University during 2008–2010. He is organising an annual 'Convention on climate change and water' since 2011 in the city of Jaipur. He was awarded the Eminent Environmental Scientist Award during the 33rd World Environment Congress, New Delhi, India by the International Association of Educators for word peace, an organisation affiliated by UNICEF. Life Born in a prosperous Jaipur based Brahmin family, of various recognised personalities. He is grandson of Acharya Purushottam Uttam, a great academician and Sanskrit scholar of pre-independence era. A renowned figure in 'Hindi Andolen' in Rajasthan who strived for the promotion of Hindi for more than a decade. He founded the Sahitya Sadawart Samiti, Jaipur. Dr.Sudhanshu's father Shri Suresh Sharma was an eminent politician of Rajasthan, recognised as a senior leader of Congress Party. Known as the 'Voice of downtroddens', he unflaggingly worked for peoples of minorities and slums throughout his life. Another distinguished personality of the family is his uncle Shri Sunil Sharma, who is an academician and versatile historian. Dr.Sudhanshu began his career as a researcher in geology and got his Doctorate in 1992 in Earth Sciences from MREC, Jaipur (now MNIT). He was also awarded Law Degree from University of Rajasthan. Indians@Rest Indians@rest is a creative non-fiction written by Dr.Sudhanshu, in which he asserts to have given an analysis of the economic, socio-political and external factors throughout the history that are the reasons for the present conditions of the nation. The books first edition was published by the PGP Blog publishing house, New Delhi and the following edition published in ebook form by Partridge Publication, India a collaborated venture of Penguin Books. The book is known to introduce the 'Peoplesgreen' theory and 'Peoples sector'. The book is divided into three sections, the first section of the book "The Rear Mirror" claims to give the past colonial roots that have eroded the minds of Indian people, the second section "India-Now" shows the analogy between the present India and the Colonial India followed by the third section of the book in which writer proclaims that the only possible solution is through 'Peoplesgreen movement'. The book received neutral reviews by the critics, though many believe writer to be unrealistic optimist. Peoplesgreen Movement Sudhanshu founded a socio-political movement "Peoples green" in 2010 with destinations of establishing green-sustainable growth, accountable governance, least interference of government in the life of public, human parity and dignity, equal opportunities, entrepreneurial acceleration, restoration of indian culture on globe, retardation of population in India as the first phase of movement. This movement has belief in blend of economic liberty and sturdy private sector with Peoples green or Peoples sector. While coined Peoples green, Dr. Sudhanshu showed a strong faith in control of peoples sector over physical resources of countries for equal distribution of profit to every stakeholder i.e. the citizen. Governments may appoint new executive for best possible management of these peoples sector enterprises during their regime and must offer best possible benefit to all stake holders equally and directly. This will initiate the accountable and most skilful management of governments instead of pseudo social welfares policies. Through this, governments has to distribute the profit of business of peoples sector to the citizens and ultimately can prove the better option for a future government. It is claimed that this philosophy is real solution for wellbeing of downtrodden, for equality and for mitigation of corruption and black economy. Indian Peoples green Party With six other founder members, Sudhanshu founded a new political party after due procedures of election commission of India as a registered political party of india. Indian Peoples green Party has started its activities in the largest geographic state of country, Rajasthan. Party has announced to contest in forthcoming assembly elections where there is a 40 million electoral will opt to elect the new government for next five years. This will be the first litmus test of a new philosophy, said Sudhanshu and added "We can make the change."

10446070926910255701

Q16013

Königs Wusterhausen Geographical location Königs Wusterhausen – or "KW" ([ˈkaː ˈveː]) as it is often called locally – lies on the Notte canal and the river Dahme southeast of Berlin. Much further away to the west lies the state capital Potsdam.The abbreviation "KW" is also a reminder of the Königs Wusterhausen radio transmitter as "KW" is also the abbreviation for "Kilowatt" and "Kurzwelle" (German: "Shortwave") Parts of town Königs Wusterhausen is the biggest town in the Dahme-Spreewald district. The municipal reforms in 2003 brought about seven amalgamations, since which time the communities of Zeesen, Kablow, Diepensee, Niederlehme, Senzig, Wernsdorf and Zernsdorf have belonged to Königs Wusterhausen, the town's land area has grown sixfold, and its population has doubled. History In 1320, in connection with an investiture on 19 September, the place ("hus to wosterhusen") and the castle got their first known documentary mention. By 1400, the two were both a fiefdom held by the noble family of Schlieben. In 1500 the estate of Wendisch Wusterhausen was verified for the first time by the Schenken (a noble title) of Landberg zu Teupitz.On 14 October 1669 Privy Councillor Friedrich von Jena acquired the castle and the village of Wendisch Wusterhausen. In early July 1683, Kurprinz Friedrich, later (1688) Elector Friedrich III, and later still (1701) King Frederick I of Prussia, acquired the castle and the village. In 1698, Kurprinz Friedrich Wilhelm was given the castle along with the attached estate as a gift by his father. In 1707, the Crown Prince and later King Frederick William I of Prussia founded his Company, the "Potsdam Giants". Between 1713 and 1718, the castle was remodelled as a hunting lodge, which his son Frederick II (Frederick the Great) despised. In 1718, the town, hitherto known as Wusterhausen, was given its current name, Königs Wusterhausen ("Königs" = "king's" in German).In 1862, novelist and poet Theodor Fontane visited Königs Wusterhausen for his Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg.Since 1901, Königs Wusterhausen has been home to the Brandenburg School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (Brandenburgische Schule für Blinde und Sehbehinderte), endowed by the Hamburg merchant Hermann Schmidt.In 1920 came the launch of Germany's first radio transmitter, the Transmitter Königs Wusterhausen, and in 1935, Königs Wusterhausen was raised to town status. In 1937, Saint Elisabeth's Catholic Church was built and consecrated.In 1938, the Berlin Autobahn ringroad – now Bundesautobahn 10 – was dedicated, and now serves cities and towns around Berlin, including Königs Wusterhausen. By now, the National Socialists were in power, and in 1944 they built a concentration camp for Jews and Poles at the railway goods station.After the Second World War and until 1990, Königs Wusterhausen was in East Germany.In 1972, the Central tower, the most prominent structure at the radio transmission facility at 243 m tall, collapsed. That same year, Germany's deadliest aviation accident occurred when an Ilyushin Il-62 crashed in Königs Wusterhausen, killing 156 people. Christianity In Königs Wusterhausen, there is a Catholic parish as well as congregations of the Protestant church body named Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia. The oldest church in town is the village Wehrkirche (a church whose architecture contains typically military elements) in Deutsch Wusterhausen, built in the 13th century. In 1998 the Evangelical Königs Wusterhausen deanery (German: Kirchenkreis) merged in the Berlin-Neukölln deanery. The Protestant congregations in Königs Wusterhausen (KW), Deutsch Wusterhausen, Niederlehme, Senzig, Zeesen, and Zernsdorf (all components of KW) as well as that in Schenkendorf (a component of Mittenwalde), today make up the ecclesiastical Region 9.The Catholic parish belongs to the Deanship of Köpenick-Treptow of the Archdiocese of Berlin.Both communities have very active youth groups, the Evangelical Junge Gemeinde ("Young Community") and the Katholische Jugend ("Catholic Youth").In January 2013, the Freie Baptistengemeinde Königs Wusterhausen was organized. They are located near the post office and hold weekly services as well as other Bible studies including "Jungschar" and a monthly "Jugendtreff".

902262959339899893

Q6974008

National Land Company Chartism The Reform Act of 1832 extended the franchise. In county constituencies in addition to forty shilling freeholders franchise rights were extended to owners of land in copyhold worth £10 and holders of long-term leases (more than sixty years) on land worth £10 and holders of medium-term leases (between twenty and sixty years) on land worth £50 and to tenants-at-will paying an annual rent of £50.The chartists had, as one of their objectives, the enfranchisement of the working man. O'Connor focussed his energies on enabling working-class people to satisfy the landholding requirement to gain a vote in county seats. In his single minded pursuit of this objective he diverged from the mainstream of Chartism.O’Connor declared that Great Britain could support her own population if her lands were properly cultivated. As has been pointed out, he had no use for cooperative tillage; his plan was for peasant proprietorship. In his book 'A Practical Work on the Management of Small Farms' he set forth his plan of resettling surplus factory workers on little holdings of from one to 4 acres (16,000 m²). He held that the only possible way to raise wages was to remove surplus labour out of the manufacturers' reach, and thus compel him to offer higher wages. He had no doubts of the yields obtainable under such spade-husbandry. Establishing the company O'Connor proposed an enterprise in which working men could purchase land on the open market. The land was to be reconditioned, broken up into small plots, equipped with appropriate farm buildings and a cottage, and the new proprietor was to be given a small sum of money with which to buy stock. The plan was approved at the Chartist conference in April 1845.The form of the company was problematic. A set of rules were drawn up for a friendly society and submitted for approval in January 1846. They were rejected. Another set of rules were submitted and again rejected in July 1846. The company was provisionally registered as a joint stock company, the Chartist Cooperative Land Company, on 24 October 1846.The provisional registration allowed the company to enrol shareholders and to collect deposits on the shares. It did not allow any trading activity, nor the purchase, contracting for purchase, or holding of land. In order to complete the registration it was necessary to collect the signatures of one quarter of the shareholders.The company was renamed to the National Cooperative Land Company on 17 December 1846, and its stated objectives were expanded. The registration was still on a provisional basis. Settling the estates Money came in at a remarkable rate, considering the poverty of most of the subscribers. The subscribers who got the land were chosen by ballot. They were to pay back with interest and ultimately all subscribers would be settled. The Labourer magazine was started by O’Connor and Jones to promote the project. Soon hundreds of households were settled, and an outcry of opposition went up from hostile Chartists, the press, the Poor Law authorities who feared the weight of their failures, and other quarters.Among the working men the prestige of Chartism was growing again. The land plan offered more immediate promise of help than the Charter with its long-range promises. O’Connor's carelessness and inaccuracy with financial matters, as well as the free hand he had in purchasing land as he saw fit, were inherent weaknesses in the administration of the scheme. The plan would have soon collapsed had he not been an able promoter.In the same year O’Connor ran for parliament again and won over Hobhouse for the Nottingham seat. When he had taken his seat he proposed in The Labourer that the government take over the National Land Company to resettle the English peasantry on a large scale. His opposition within the Chartist movement accused him of being "no longer a 'five-point' Chartist but a 'five acre' Chartist". O’Connor replied to his critics in an appearance before a mass meeting of his partisans in Manchester. His followers demonstrated at this meeting how devoted they were to him. Continuing efforts to establish the company The efforts to establish the company as a friendly society or as a joint stock company had foundered. The effort to collect the signatures of the shareholders was abandoned in 1848. (Later investigation showed that the required number of signatures had been reached, but the company failed to appreciate the difference between the number of shares and the number of shareholders.)In the meantime, in April 1848, a new petition to have the NLC registered as a friendly society was produced with about 6 million signatures, but an investigating committee in Parliament found that it contained not quite 2 million bonafide signatures. This came as a shock to O’Connor since his lieutenants had not let him know that all was not in order.O'Connor introduced a bill to legalise the NLC, with a second reading set for 12 June 1848. This prompted some investigation, led by Sir Benjamin Hall, which quickly turned up the fact that O'Connor was registered as the owner of all the estates, and of the associated bank. This prompted the House of Commons to set up a Select Committee to look into the NLC on 24 May 1848. Heronsgate Also called O'Connorville.103 acres (0.42 km²) of land at Heronsgate, Hertfordshire were bought in March 1846 for £2344. The plots were allocated by ballot of the 1487 eligible shareholders on 20 April 1846 (Easter Monday) in Manchester; 17 2-acre (8,100 m²) plots; 5 3-acre (12,000 m²) plots; and 14 4-acre (16,000 m²) plots. An exhibition day was held on 17 August 1846 which started with a march from the west-end of Oxford Street (now Marble Arch). The allotees moved in on 1 May 1847 (Location Day). After the company was wound up, the estate was auctioned on 27 May 1857. By 1858 only three of the original allotees remained, two of whom had rural backgrounds. The influx of more affluent residents provided a market for the produce of the poorer residents. Great Dodford Location day was set for 12 May 1849, then pushed back to 2 July 1849. Some families arrived much earlier. Three families were reported as applying for parish relief as early as 8 February.The failure of the tenants to pay any rent forced O'Connor to put the estate up for auction on 15 April 1850. Only three lots sold at the auction, and another three by private contract later.One of the cottages, Rosedene, is owned and maintained by the National Trust, and is open to visitors by appointment.

3013763199652996695

Q5254744

Delta Sigma Pi Purpose Delta Sigma Pi is a professional fraternity organized to foster the study of business in universities; to encourage scholarship, social activity and the association of students for their mutual advancement by research and practice; to promote closer affiliation between the commercial world and students of commerce, and to further a higher standard of commercial ethics and culture and the civic and commercial welfare of the community. The founding fathers Delta Sigma Pi was founded by four men: Alexander Frank Makay, Henry Albert Tienken, Harold Valentine Jacobs, and Alfred Moysello. These four men, along with a fifth student, grew close to one another in their classes and from sharing the same subway route on their way home every evening. They often discussed topics of mutual interest including school affairs. One such topic that came up regularly involved the dominance of Alpha Kappa Psi, which had been founded a few years earlier as the only fraternity at NYU's School of Commerce, Accounts, and Finance. The men felt they had been ignored by the fraternity due to their race and religion, so they decided to develop a new organization to provide students with an alternative. They decided the new organization would be a club open to all students, but the idea did not take off with the student body.In 1907, the fifth student, Charlie Cashmore, dropped from the group when he was offered the opportunity to join the aforementioned organization. The four abandoned their plans for a club in favor of forming another Greek letter fraternity. Progress In 1911, the fraternity published its first newsletter, which soon would be named The Deltasig.The second chapter was founded at Northwestern School of Commerce. National meetings, called the Grand Chapter Congress, became a regular tradition and to this day the national fraternity meets every other year to conduct business and elect its national leaders.After rapid expansion in the early 1920s, the fraternity opened its national headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. In 1957, the central office moved to Oxford, Ohio adjacent to the campus of Miami University.The biggest change in the history of the Fraternity took place in 1975, as the Board of Directors mandated that chapters were allowed to initiate female business students, to conform with Title IX.The red rose was adopted as the official flower of Deltasig at the first Board of Directors Meeting in 1921. It was primarily the gift given to the wives and courted women of Deltasig brothers (which at the time was still all male). One of the founding fathers, Harold V. Jacobs, suggested a rose as the official fraternity flower because his wife loved roses and it was also her first name (Rose Jacobs). Five years later, in 1926, Jacobs also suggested that the song currently sung at LEAD schools and Grand Chapter Congress events, "Rose of Deltasig," be adopted as the official song of the fraternity. The Central Office The Central Office of Delta Sigma Pi, national administrative headquarters, was established in Chicago, Illinois, in 1924. In the fall of 1956, it moved to 330 South Campus Avenue in Oxford, Ohio (near Cincinnati and adjacent to the Miami University campus). In 1970, the original building nearly doubled in size with the addition of wings on either side of the building. Later in 2010 extensive renovations, including a courtyard featuring engraved bricks, were completed to make the building more functional and accessible. The Executive Director is in charge of the Central Office and has a full-time staff. Leadership programs Leadership and Excellence Academies for Deltasigs (LEAD) focus on the educational development of members of Delta Sigma Pi. LEAD academies are held at several locations around the United States each year. Examples of these academies includes LEAD Schools, Provincial Conferences, Volunteer Leadership Workshops, and the LeaderShape Institute. Collegiate chapters Since its inception in 1907, Delta Sigma Pi has installed 298 chapters, of which 224 are currently active. In addition to these chapters, Delta Sigma Pi currently has active colonies at 7 universities. Alumni chapters Delta Sigma Pi has 57 franchised Alumni Chapters on its roll for the 2018-2019 year in the United States, and over 40 more locations worldwide have Brothers with an interest in starting a new Alumni Chapter.

9543583294971151635

Q7391858

SNL Digital Short An SNL Digital Short is one in a series of comedic and often musical video shorts created for NBC's Saturday Night Live. The origin of the Digital Shorts brand is credited to staff writer Adam McKay, who created content for the show in collaboration with SNL hosts, writers, and cast members. The popularity of these segments exploded following the addition of The Lonely Island (Jorma Taccone, Akiva Schaffer, and Andy Samberg) to the show, and it is to them that credit is given for ushering SNL "into the age of digital online content in a time when it needed to tap into that relevance more than ever." The Lonely Island's digital shorts were originally recorded with consumer grade digital video cameras and edited on personal computers. It is typical for the show's hosts and musical guests to take part in that week's Digital Short (the latter on rarer occasions), and several shorts have included appearances by celebrities who were not scheduled to appear in any of that episode's live sketches.The shorts generally took fewer than five days to complete. Schaffer has directed a majority of them, with Taccone as occasional director or co-director. Taccone also has produced music for the shorts as necessary, along with his brother, Asa.Following the departure of Samberg from SNL in 2012, it was speculated that the era of videos branded "An SNL Digital Short" had come to an end. A total of six new Digital Shorts from The Lonely Island have aired since then: Two that featured the episode's respective hosts (Adam Levine in Season 38 and Natalie Portman in Season 43); two that aired when Samberg hosted the Season 39 finale in 2014; one created for the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special in February 2015 (featuring Samberg & Adam Sandler); and one that aired during the Season 41 finale in May 2016 to promote The Lonely Island's feature film, Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping. Reception The short "Lazy Sunday", which aired on December 17, 2005, was viewed more than five million times on YouTube alone before it was removed due to copyright infringement. In late 2006, however, NBC began uploading SNL shorts on YouTube themselves. As of September 25, 2019, the upload currently available on the show's YouTube channel has received over two million views.The short "Dick in a Box", which aired on December 16, 2006, was viewed more than 28 million times on YouTube. The uncensored version was available on YouTube with a special warning, stating that the sketch contained explicit language that was censored from the television version. The song also won a Creative Arts Emmy Award in 2007 for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics. Songs from five other Digital Shorts received Emmy nominations for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics: "Motherlover" in 2009; "Shy Ronnie" in 2010; and "I Just Had Sex", "Jack Sparrow", and "3-Way (The Golden Rule)" in 2011. The Shooting The Shooting, also known as Dear Sister, was broadcast during an episode aired April 14, 2007. The short satirizes the final scene of The O.C.'s second-season finale. The Lonely Island had the idea for the short before even being hired by Saturday Night Live and had previously recorded their own version of the short. The NBC network, which usually uploads Saturday Night Live digital shorts to its official site and YouTube channel immediately following broadcast, did not do so for Dear Sister due to music clearance issues. It nevertheless became immensely popular on YouTube with artists making parodies, re-enactments and other references. Plot Keith (Bill Hader) writes a letter to his sister, as Dave (Andy Samberg) asks what he is doing. As Keith responds, explaining he hasn't seen his sister in a long time, Dave suddenly and inexplicably shoots him. In the following overly dramatic, slow-motion death overdubbed by a cue of "Hide and Seek" by Imogen Heap, Dave is seen visibly shaken as Keith, in shock, collapses. As Dave gathers his bearings, Keith suddenly shoots him in return, having recovered from his injury long enough to exact his revenge to the same music cue.After both men have fallen to the ground from their separate shootings, another man, Eric (Shia LaBeouf), enters looking for them (saying he's "just thought of the funniest thing"). Dave comes back to life to shoot Eric in the stomach, who collapses, once again to the same music. The sister herself (Kristen Wiig) enters the scene, and begins to read the letter ("Dear Sister, By the time you read this...") until she too is shot in the gut several times by each of the three men on the ground, with the music cue restarting with every shot, until she collapses too.The short ends as two police officers (Jason Sudeikis and Fred Armisen) are observing the crime scene. One finds the letter, left on the table near the brother's body, and begins to read. The letter is revealed to be a prediction of each shooting, in detail, and ends claiming that two police officers will come across the letter and then shoot each other after reading it. While the reading officer laughs it off, his partner turns and shoots him as the reading officer shoots him as well to overlapping "Hide & Seek" cues. Controversy On April 16, 2007, two days following the initial air date of the sketch, the Virginia Tech shooting occurred and became the deadliest school shooting in modern U.S. history. Noam Cohen of The New York Times criticized fans of the short for insensitivity when they continued to make YouTube videos based on it.

13439252498215591192

Q86716

Siegfried Frederick Nadel Life and career Nadel was born in Vienna, Austria the son of a lawyer. He started his education in music, entering the Musik Akademie and the Musikhistorisches Institut in Vienna in 1920. He also developed interests in philosophy and psychology. He went on to study the latter with Karl Bühler at the Psychologisches Institut at the University of Vienna, and the former with Moritz Schlick. On 11 November 1925 graduated with a doctorate, his thesis being "Zur Psychologie des Konsonanzerlebens". His career was at first in music. He served as an assistant conductor of the Düsseldorf Opera House and, in 1927, organized and conducted an opera company that toured Czechoslovakia performing Verdi and Puccini. On his return to Vienna he continued a career as a musician and began publishing on the topic as well. In 1930 published a book on musical typology entitled Der Duale Sinn der Music. and in 1931 he produced a biography of the Italian composer Ferruccio Benvenuto Busoni entitled simple Ferruccio Busoni, 1866-1924.Throughout this period Nadel served as an assistant at the Psychologisches Institut and grew more and more interested in ethnomusicology. He produced radio programs for Radio Vienna on music which included discussions of non-Western music, and in 1930 wrote a piece on the marimba. This transformed into an interest in the anthropology of Africa, which was encouraged by Diedrich Westermann, with whom Nadel studied the musicology of 'primitive peoples' at the Phonogrammarchiv in Berlin, and African languages at the University of Berlin.In 1932 Nadel was awarded a Rockefeller Fellowship, allowing him to do post-graduate training in anthropological African field research. Nadel studied at the London School of Economics, supervised by Bronisław Malinowski and C.G. Seligman. Nadel was one of three students—the other being Meyer Fortes and Sjoerd Hofstra—to receive this fellowship, and they became known as 'The Mandarins', one of the first cohort of students to study with Malinowski. A closely knit group, all them planned on studying West Africa, and even traveled in the same ship from England to Africa. Nadel began his fieldwork in Nigeria in 1933 with the Nupe people of modern-day Nigeria. His Ph.D., completed in 1935, was entitled Political and Religious Structure of Nupe Society.After earning his Ph.D. Nadel grew increasingly involved in British colonial administration. He continued to conduct fieldwork in Nigeria and lectured at the Summer School on Colonial Administration at the University of Oxford. In 1938 he became the Government Anthropologist of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and conducted fieldwork with the Nuba. During a brief fieldbreak in Al-Ubayyid Nadel wrote Black Byzantium on the Nupe (which would not be published until 1942) and The Nuba: An Anthropological Study of the Hill Tribes in Kordofan (which would not appear in print until 1947). In 1941, as World War II broke out, Nadel enlisted in the Sudan Defence Force, transferring later that year to the British Army's East African Command. By this time Nadel had served on the Eritrean-Ethiopean border and was appointed, as a Major, Secretary of native Affairs in the British Military Administration of Eritrea. In 1944 he returned to England produced academic work on the Nuba and Eritrea, including Land Tenure on the Eritrean Pleateau. In 1945 he was transferred to the Home Establishment, promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel, and made Secretary of Native Affairs and Deputy Chief Secretary of the British Military Administration in Tripolitania.Nadel left government service in 1946 and quickly rose through the ranks of British anthropology. He served as a lecturer at the London School of Economics and then in 1948 became the head of the anthropology department at the University of Durham. In 1950 he was appointed to the inaugural chair in anthropology at the Australian National University. Originally, Raymond Firth had served as Advisor and Acting Director of the Research School of Pacific Studies while the ANU was initially formed. IN 1952, when Firth returned to England, Nadel was appointed dean. After his arrival in Canberra he also became Dean of the Research School of Pacific Studies. During the early 1950s Nadel published two more books, Foundations of Social Anthropology (1951) and Nupe Religion (1954). He died unexpectedly at the age of 53 of a coronary thrombosis. His Theory of Social Structure appeared posthumously in 1957. The life and work of Nadel is commemorated in the Nadel Essay Prize.

13280171896552969511

Q1965842

New Auburn, Wisconsin Geography New Auburn is located at 45°12′14″N 91°33′42″W (45.203766, -91.561570).According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 3.39 square miles (8.78 km²) containing no bodies of water inside.New Auburn is along U.S. Highway 53; and also County Roads AA, M, Q, and SS. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 548 people, 217 households, and 139 families residing in the village. The population density was 161.7 inhabitants per square mile (62.4/km²). There were 235 housing units at an average density of 69.3 per square mile (26.8/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 97.3% White, 0.2% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, and 2.0% from two or more races.There were 217 households of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.13.The median age in the village was 34.6 years. 29% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.4% were from 45 to 64; and 13.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 52.0% male and 48.0% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 562 people, 216 households, and 147 families residing in the village. The population density was 165.8 people per square mile (64.0/km²). There were 222 housing units at an average density of 65.5 per square mile (25.3/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 99.11% White, 0.18% Native American, and 0.71% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.There are 216 households out of which 34.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.9% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.17.In the village, the population was spread out with 30.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.5 males.The median income for a household in the village was $30,341, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $26,683 versus $20,375 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,444. 9.9% of the population and 9.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 9.9% of those under the age of 18 and 6.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Population: 485 New Auburn is the setting of Michael Perry's memoir, Population: 485: Meeting your Neighbors One Siren at a Time, in which he describes his experiences as a volunteer firefighter and EMT for the New Auburn Area Fire Department.

11465003132493515499

Q7868911

USS Don Juan de Austria Technical characteristics USS Don Juan de Austria was built in 1887 at Cartagena, Spain, for the Spanish Navy. Sunk in shallow water on 1 May 1898 in the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War, she was raised from Manila Bay under contract and overhauled and refitted at Hong Kong. The 4.7-inch (120-mm) guns she had in Spanish service were replaced with 5-inch (127-mm) guns mounted in sponsons on her main deck. In later years, these in turn were replaced with four 4-inch (102-mm) guns. She was rigged as a barque and had one funnel. Operational history USS Don Juan de Austria commissioned at Hong Kong on 11 April 1900, Commander T. C. McLean in command. From 5 June 1900 to 18 October 1900 Don Juan de Austria was anchored off Canton, China, to protect American interests during the Boxer Rebellion.She sailed from Hong Kong 25 November 1900 and arrived at Cavite in the Philippine Islands on 28 November 1900. She was employed in the Philippines in general duties in connection with taking possession of the newly acquired territory, supporting U.S. Army operations against the insurgent native forces (see Philippine Revolution), transporting troops and stores, blockading insurgent supply routes, and seizing and searching various towns to ensure American control. Aside from a visit to Yokohama, Japan, from 1 June 1902 to 27 July 1902, she continued her duty in the pacification of the islands until 19 April 1903.After repairs at Yokohama, Japan, from 27 April 1903 to 1 June 1903, Don Juan de Austria cruised along the Chinese coast for maneuvers with the U.S. fleet, an indication of intensified American interest in the Far East after the acquisition of Pacific island territories. She departed Hong Kong 16 December 1903 for the United States, sailing by way of Singapore, Ceylon, India, the Suez Canal, and Mediterranean ports to arrive at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, Maine, on 21 April 1904. She was out of commission for repairs from 5 May 1904 to 10 December 1905.Joining the Third Squadron, Atlantic Fleet, Don Juan de Austria sailed from Norfolk, Virginia, on 28 February 1906 to patrol off the Dominican Republic to protect American interests there. She returned to Portsmouth Navy Yard on 21 February 1907 and was placed out of commission there on 7 March 1907.Loaned to the Michigan Naval Militia, she sailed from Portsmouth 28 July 1907 by way of the St. Lawrence River to Detroit, Michigan, serving there on training duty until the American entry into World War I in April 1917.Don Juan de Austria was recommissioned on 6 April 1917, and left Detroit on 17 July 1917 for Newport, Rhode Island, arriving there on 6 August 1917. She patrolled inshore and at sea off New England's coast. She arrived at New York, New York, on 7 August 1918 to escort two U.S. Army tugs and their barge tows to Bermuda.She then returned to Newport 1 October 1918 and towed the sailing schooner USS Charles Whittemore to Charleston, South Carolina, before revisiting Bermuda to escort a group of American and French submarines to Newport, arriving 1 November 1918. The war ended on 11 November 1918.On 3 April 1919, Don Juan de Austria arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, to join the special escort for the transports returning members of the 26th Division, U.S. Army, from Europe.She was decommissioned at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on 18 June 1919, and sold 16 October 1919.

15270492354641271448

Q15224700

Holy Trinity Church, Blythburgh History The parish church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and known as the 'Cathedral of the Marshes'. Blythburgh was one of the earliest Christian sites in East Anglia. There was a church there in 654 to which the bodies of the East Anglian King Anna and his son, descendants of King Wehha, were brought after their deaths in battle at Bulcamp with the Mercian King Penda.At the time of the Norman Conquest Blythburgh was part of the royal estate and had one of the richest churches in Suffolk, possibly a Saxon minster, with two daughter churches. It was probably the rich parent church that was granted by King Henry I to Augustinian canons some time between 1116 and 1147, becoming the priory of the Blessed Virgin Mary. A daughter church is likely to have been the predecessor of Holy Trinity. It was rebuilt in the 15th century. In the movement to dissolve the monasteries, the suppression of the priory was authorised in 1528 and it was dissolved in 1537, the reversion of the property being granted to local gentleman Sir Arthur Hopton in 1548.The church underwent a series of disasters, man-made and natural. The most dramatic of the latter variety came on 4 August 1577, when a storm hit the area, and during morning service lightning hit the church, "cleft the door, and returning to the steeple rent the timber, [and] brake the chimes". The falling spire damaged the font and the roof (which wasn't repaired until 1782), destroying the angels in the west end bays. The door shows marks, which have the appearance of burns caused by candle flames, which the credulous associate with the devil's fingerprints. They have been associated with the 'Black Shuck' legend, which is the title of a song by the Lowestoft rock group The Darkness which mentions Blythburgh in the lyrics.During the 17th century Holy Trinity was badly damaged when Parliament set out to remove what the Puritans deemed to be superstitious ornamentation from churches; Blythburgh was assigned to William Dowsing, a local Puritan, and on 8 April 1644 he went to the church and ordered the removal of "twenty superstitious pictures, one on the outside of the church; two crosses, one on the porch and another on the steeple; and twenty cherubim to be taken down in the church and chancel... and gave order to take down above 200 more within eight days".General neglect also played its part in the church's deterioration, resulting in part from rural poverty, and in part from the rise of Methodism (a Primitive Methodist chapel was founded in the village in the 1830s).By the late 19th century the church was in a very poor state of repair, and in 1881 a restoration fund made possible the repair of the church, and then its maintenance after its reopening in 1884. The restoration was controversial with William Morris and his Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings opposed to the radical plans of the local building committee. Shortage of funds restricted the work that could be done. While the fabric was repaired, modern taste ruled out any return to the 15th-century colour scheme of the church; the thirty-six angels, set back to back in pairs on the arch-braced, firred, tie-beam roof had been brightly painted in red and green with much use made of tin foil and gold leaf. A modern reproduction is mounted above the south door.The church has a two manual pipe organ by Bishop dating from 1951 which was almost completely rebuilt in 2003 by Rodney Briscoe. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.In 1962 the acoustic value of the building was discovered by Benjamin Britten, and some of the concerts of the Aldeburgh Festival are performed in the church.Also the church was the location of a music video of Libera (Sempiterna). Jack o' the Clock The church is noted as having a jack o' the clock dated 1682. In 1840 this was standing on a ladder in the tower arch and it chimed the hours. Beneath it was this inscription : — " As the hours pass away, So doth the life of man decay."The Jack now stands on a shelf near the organ and is rung to signal the start of services.

1373111425429317467

Q1039504

Duanmu Ci Duanmu Ci (traditional Chinese: 端木賜; simplified Chinese: 端木赐; pinyin: Duānmù Cì; Wade–Giles: Tuan¹-mu⁴ Tzʻŭ⁴; 520–456 BC), also known by his courtesy name Zigong (traditional Chinese: 子貢; simplified Chinese: 子贡; pinyin: Zǐgòng; Wade–Giles: Tzŭ³-kung⁴), was a Chinese businessman, philosopher, and politician. He was one of the most important and loyal disciples of Confucius. Among Confucius' students, he was the second best at speech, after only Zai Yu. He was a prominent diplomat of the Spring and Autumn period who served as a high official in several states, and was a very wealthy businessman. Life Duanmu Ci (Zigong) was a native of the State of Wey. He was 31 years younger than Confucius.Zigong had mental sharpness and ability, and appears in the Analects as one of the most eloquent speakers among Confucius' students. Confucius said, "From the time that I got Ci, scholars from a distance came daily resorting to me." According to Zhu Xi, Zigong was a merchant who later became wealthy through his own efforts, and developed a sense of moral self-composure through the course of his work. (His past profession as a merchant is elaborated in Analects 11.18).When he first came to Confucius he quickly demonstrated an ability to grasp Confucius' basic points, and refined himself further through Confucius' education. He is later revealed to have become a skillful speaker and an accomplished statesman (Analects 11.3), but Confucius may have felt that he lacked the necessary flexibility and empathy towards others necessary for achieving consummate virtue (ren): he once claimed to have achieved Confucius' moral ideal, but was then sharply dismissed by the Master (Analects 5.12); later he is criticized by Confucius for being too strict with others, and for not moderating his demands with an empathic understanding of others' limitations (Analects 14.29). He is one of the Confucius' students most commonly referred to in the Analects, also appearing in Analects 9.6, 9.13, 11.13, 13.20, 14.17, and 17.19.Duke Jing of Qi once asked Zigong how Confucius was to be ranked as a sage, and he replied, "I do not know. I have all my life had the sky over my head, but I do not know its height, and the earth under my feet, but I do not know its thickness. In my serving of Confucius, I am like a thirsty man who goes with his pitcher to the river, and there he drinks his fill, without knowing the river's depth."After studying with Confucius, Zigong became commandant of Xinyang, and Confucius gave him this advice: "In dealing with your subordinates, there is nothing like impartiality; and when wealth comes in your way, there is nothing like moderation. Hold fast these two things, and do not swerve from them. To conceal men's excellence is to obscure the worthy; and to proclaim people's wickedness is the part of a mean man. To speak evil of those whom you have not sought the opportunity to instruct is not the way of friendship and harmony."Following Confucius's death, many of the disciples built huts near their Master's grave, and mourned for him three years, but Zigong remained there, mourning alone for three years more.According to Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, Duanmu Ci later served as Prime Minister for both the states of Lu and Wey, but this account could not be confirmed with other ancient chronicles. He finally died in the state of Qi. Zigong saved the state of Lu(子贡救鲁) Tian Chang(田常), prime minister of the state of Qi(齐) was to attack the state of Lu(鲁), home state of Confucius. Confucius wisely chose Zigong among his disciples for the mission of saving the state of Lu.Zigong first went to Qi to meet with Tian Chang and said, "The state of Lu has weak army and impaired fortress, Qi will surely win the battle against Lu, and the military leaders will gain prestige, challenging the power of yours. I suggest you attack the state of Wu(吴) instead, who has strong army and impenetrable fortress, military leaders will be defeated and yielding more power to you." Tian Chang loved the idea, but struggled to find excuses to shift target, hence Zigong promised to persuade the King of Wu to attack Qi instead.Fuchai(夫差), King of Wu was belligerent and aspired a victory over powerful Qi, but he was concerned that the neighboring state of Yue(越) might be planning a revenge against him for a previous disgraceful defeat. Zigong appealed to his arrogant nature by emphasizing the legacy winning Qi could bring. He also appeased him by convincing the King of Yue to show more obedience.Zigong said to Goujian(勾践) the King of Yue, "This is your once in a lifetime opportunity to revenge yourself. Qi and Wu both have strong military power, and their battle will surely weaken both of them deeply. You need to relieve the concern of Fuchai so that he will wage the war against Qi". Goujian thought this is the best advice, and gifted Fuchai with fine armors and well trained soldiers, and even offered to help the battle personally. Fuchai thus went to attack Qi.Finally, Zigong went to the state of Jin(晋) to warn the King of Jin a possible attack from Wu in the event that Fuchai defeated Qi and believed himself undefeatable.The chain of events after Zigong's manipulation: Qi lost the battle to Wu, resulting in Tian Chang gaining much more power within Qi; Fuchai indeed went on to attack Jin and was defeated by the well prepared Jin army; Goujian attacked Wu while Fuchai was on the way back from Jin and gained control of Wu. Zigong not only saved the state of Lu, but changed the fate of all five states involved. Honours In Confucian temples, Duanmu Ci's spirit tablet is placed the third among the Twelve Wise Ones, on the east.During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously awarded Duanmu Ci the nobility title of Marquis of Li (黎侯). During the Song dynasty, he was further awarded the titles of Duke of Liyang (黎陽公) and Duke of Li (黎公).Duanmu Ci's offspring held the title of Wujing Boshi (五經博士; Wǔjīng Bóshì).

795580863675023765

Q18160341

Guy Self Creation and casting On 12 July 2013, it was announced that actor John Michie had joined the cast of Holby City as new consultant neurosurgeon Guy Self. Of his casting, Michie said "I'm absolutely thrilled to be joining the cast of Holby City and I'm looking forward to taking on a new challenge. My mum was a nurse and always wanted me to be a doctor not an actor so finally half her wish has come true!" Executive producer Oliver Kent commented that Michie would be involved in some "explosive" storylines following his arrival. Michie was initially contracted for a year and he made his first screen appearance as Guy on 26 November 2013.To help him prepare for the role, Michie met with a surgeon and watched him operate. The actor told a reporter for the BBC that he spent some time observing the consultant's demeanour, which was "friendly and chatty, but with an unspoken authority". Michie tried to bring those aspects of the consultant's personality to his portrayal of Guy. Michie called the medical terms "complex", but said that having medics in his family made learning the terms easier. He also admitted that he was not squeamish and enjoyed the realism achieved by the prosthetics department. Departure The character departed the show on 15 November 2016. Guy's exit storyline saw him resign from the hospital. Shortly beforehand, he learnt board member Tristan (Jonathan McGuinness) had attacked his daughter Zosia. Guy had been working with and relying on Tristan to get his neuro centre built. Michie told Allison Jones of Inside Soap, "Guy is very vulnerable, like a cornered animal, and he isn't really thinking straight. The centre has been his dream – and for 20 years, he's compromised a lot of his personal life to get it built." Michie said Guy is tempted to let Tristan die when he ends up on his operating table, but his "medical ethics" kick in and he saves Tristan by stopping the bleeding in his brain.Guy decides to report Tristan's attack on Zosia to the police, but Tristan blackmails Guy by threatening to reveal his suicide attempt. However, Jac Naylor (Rosie Marcel) reports Tristan instead and he goes to the press about Zosia. Guy "cracks" and he trashes his office. He then realises that he needs to leave the hospital for the sake of his mental health. Michie enjoyed filming Guy's last episode and liked how his character made his exit. He thought Guy could make a return in the future, even though things are resolved with "a good ending" in the episode. He said, "I think it's the right time for him to go, but the door has been left open. So maybe he could come back one day and be even worse, or perhaps he'll come back and resolve stuff – who knows?" Michie found it sad saying goodbye to the show and his co-stars, but he added that it was also an exciting time, as he liked moving on to new roles. Returns In June 2017, Laura-Jayne Tyler of Inside Soap confirmed that Michie had returned to filming. Michie later confirmed that he is back for nine episodes. Guy's return aired on 1 August 2017. Guy uses a patient, who needs an expensive surgery, to facilitate his return to Holby. Both Henrik Hanssen (Guy Henry)and Ric Griffin (Hugh Quarshie) are sceptical about his return, as they do not trust Guy. He later blackmails medical director Nina Karnik (Ayesha Dharker) into supporting him, as he knows a big secret about her. Michie commented, "Guy is totally conniving in the way that he manages to wheedle his way back in. It's partly to do with his career, and also to do with his daughter, Zosia, so the kind of things you would expect."In September 2018, it was revealed that Michie had returned to Holby City once again. Guy returns alongside Mo Effanga (Chizzy Akudolu) in the twentieth series episode "One of Us", broadcast on 20 November 2018. Guy and Mo are called back to Holby City Hospital to help save Jac's life. Reception Commenting on Michie's casting straight after his role in Coronation Street, a reporter for the Belfast Telegraph thought producers had made it difficult for them and some viewers to continue watching. They wrote, "In one soap the man is a killer and now he is in charge of Holby with the aim of saving lives. When I see him in future episodes – that is if I decide to keep watching – I'll think only of Karl's dirty deeds down in the pub cellar. Giving this role to Michie whom I've no doubt is a fine actor but who is typecast as murdering Karl, makes the task of settling into his new role difficult. I hope he manages it." Flynn Sarler from Radio Times was not impressed with the character's debut. He stated that it was during his second episode that viewers got a "first proper feel for him and it's not all that fuzzy". Sarler bemoaned the character's surgical scenes stating that "Guy doesn't look confident doing it and you don't feel confident watching."When Guy brought Connie Beauchamp to the Darwin ward, resulting in her clashing with Jac, Jane Simon of the Daily Mirror observed "Was this what Guy secretly intended all along, to remind Jac of just how ambitious she really is? If so, he's even more cunning than we gave him credit for." Simon later noted that Guy had "turned into the worst kind of corporate lizard". A reporter for the Daily Record stated that Guy was "not the most compassionate man in the world".

17891713935886543099

Q7358565

Roger M. Kyes Biography Roger M. Kyes was born in East Palestine, Ohio, on March 6, 1906, and was a graduate of Culver Military Academy (Summer Culver Naval School), the Rayen School at Youngstown, Ohio, and, in 1928, Harvard University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics. After graduation from Harvard, Kyes worked from 1928 to 1930 as an assistant to the president of the Glenn L. Martin Company in both Cleveland and Baltimore and then, from 1930 to 1932, as assistant to the vice president of the Black & Decker Mfg. Co.. Kyes got his start in farm implements in 1932, as vice president running a Cleveland firm, the Empire Plow Company, which supplied implements to the Ferguson Company. In 1940, Harry Ferguson persuaded Kyes to join the Ferguson Company and Kyes relocated from Cleveland to Dearborn, Michigan. As executive vice president and general manager from 1941 to 1943 and president from 1943 to 1947 of the Ferguson‐Sherman Manufacturing Corporation in Detroit, Kyes was responsible for overseeing the firm's day-to-day business operations.Kyes left the Ferguson Company in 1947, joining General Motors. In 1949, Kyes was appointed assistant general manager of the transit bus division (Truck and Coach Division) of General Motors Diesel Division. Kyes was responsible for the division in the period in which transit buses overtook streetcars as the primary form of public transport in most large American cities.In 1953, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower named GM president Charles Erwin Wilson as United States Secretary of Defense. Wilson asked to be allowed to bring Kyes along, so, at Wilson's request, Eisenhower nominated Kyes as United States Deputy Secretary of Defense. Kyes was sworn in on February 2, 1953, and served as Deputy Secretary of Defense until May 1, 1954. Upon becoming Deputy Secretary of Defense, Kyes criticized the United States military-defense establishment as dominated by "unrealistic requirements, poor planning and inefficient execution . . . waste of money, poor utilization of manpower, unnecessary drain of materials from the civilian economy, and the inefficient use of tools, equipment and facilities." He slashed the defense budget in an attempt to improve efficiencies, in the process gaining himself the nickname of "Jolly Roger" because of his piratical ruthlessness. As Deputy Secretary, Kyes was a member of the Committee on International Information Activities.Kyes agreed to come to Washington, D. C. for only a year, although Defense Secretary Wilson convinced Kyes to stay a few months longer to help explain the administration's "New Look" defense concept to the United States Congress. When some editors speculated that Kyes was leaving because he was afraid of being called before the McCarthy hearings, the tough minded Kyes said he was not afraid of a fight. President Eisenhower awarded Kyes the Medal of Freedom for his service to the country.Upon leaving government, Kyes returned to General Motors, becoming an Executive Vice President in 1965. In the 1960s, he clashed with John DeLorean.In 1969, Kyes left General Motors to become chief executive officer of the American Steamship Company.At the beginning of 1971 he joined Lazard Freres as a General Partner.Kyes died of a heart attack in 1971 in Columbus, Ohio at the wedding reception of a niece.An American Steamship Company vessel was christened the Roger M. Kyes in his honor on July 28, 1973 by his wife at Toledo, Ohio.Kyes was active in the Presbyterian church. In 1954, he was ordained a Ruling Elder in the Church. From 1954 to 1960 and again from 1962 to 1965, he was Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Kirk in the Hills Church in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

13329582684538411302

Q430949

High Level History The name High Level originated from the height of the land that separates the Peace and the Hay Rivers. The original location was approximately 3.5 miles north of the present spot and along the old Fort Vermilion/Meander River freighting trail, serving as a stopping place, not a town. The original High Level Sports Grounds were at this location and the old trail was still visible there in the mid 1960s. The High Level Golf & Country Club currently occupies this approximate location. For many years, High Level was known as Tloc Moi (Hay Meadow). The first fur traders arrived in this area in 1786, but it was not until 1947 that High Level was settled, with development of road access to Fort Vermilion being the primary factor in determining the town's present location. High Level's first power plant was established in 1957, and a year later the first post office was built. The oil fields were discovered in the 1960s, and a railway was run to the area in 1963. Geography High Level marks the northern extent of the Peace River Country, and has one of the northernmost lands suited for agriculture in Canada. It is surrounded to the north and west by muskeg tundra. Fauna High Level has a variety of wildlife, including wolves, coyotes, ravens, and many types of insects. Hunters can find moose, deer, bear and geese. There are over 150 species of birds known to nest in the area. Economy The area surrounding High Level is known for its oil reserves and forests. Two large oil and gas fields, Rainbow Lake which is located west of the town and Zama City which is located North West of the town provides services to the oil patch. One OSB mill (which closed in 2007, and reopened in 2015 after the merger of Ainsworth and Norbord) is located south of High Level and a dimensional lumber mill is located in the town's industrial area.High Level has the most northerly grain elevator in Canada and is a grain terminal for the large agricultural area. There are approximately 350,000 cultivated acres of farm land in the region and farmers transport their grains from up to 120 kilometres away. Government The town has a council consisting of a Mayor (Crystal McAteer) and six Councillors (Brent Anderson, Ellis Forest, Beth Gillis, Terry Jessiman, Boyd Langford, Michael Morgan). Infrastructure Both airplane and helicopter services are available in High Level. Due to the 'remote' or northern location, medevac and chartered services, provided by Nor-Alta Aviation, Gemini Helicopters and Delta Helicopters, are offered to serve the surrounding communities.Scheduled airline service is offered by both Central Mountain Air and Northwestern Air Lease; direct flights to Edmonton, Calgary, Lloydminster, Rainbow Lake, Hay River and Fort Smith are offered daily except Saturdays.Medevac and air charter company Airborne Energy Solutions provides fixed-wing and rotary services internationally.Telephone service is provided by the incumbent carrier Telus as well as Northwestel.Regional businesses are represented by the High Level & District Chamber of Commerce Media The local radio station is CKHL-FM 102.1, part of the YL Country network of stations based at CKYL in Peace River. In addition, two radio services have repeaters: CBXL 99.5 FM, carrying CBC Radio One as a repeater of CBX Edmonton, and CFKX-FM 106.1, repeating CKKX-FM from Peace River. The local newspaper is The Echo.Television is available by way of locally owned low-powered analogue repeaters of CITV-DT Edmonton (CH2807 channel 10) and CHAN-DT Vancouver (CH2808 channel 12), both owned by the High Level Community Hall Society.The cable television system, in operation for 25 years as High Level Cable, was purchased in August 2006 by Northwestel Cable. Both analog and digital formats are available for television service. High-speed Internet service is also available from Northwestel.

7000645857045390501

Q2315847

You Can't Do That Composition One of Lennon's semi-autobiographical songs, "You Can't Do That" "contradicted the genial tone with its tense threats, sexual paranoia and nagging, dragging groove", wrote Robert Sandall. The song's theme of jealousy was revisited in other Lennon compositions, such as "Run for Your Life" and "Jealous Guy". Influenced by the then relatively unknown Wilson Pickett, it is rooted in the twelve-bar blues form, with Lennon introducing a discordant sharp 9th (F) on the D7th chord, pointedly emphasising "…I told you before…" and then pushing this note for the exasperated "Oh!" before resolving to the song's key of G. Lennon also composed and played the guitar solo. The work reflected Lennon's love for hard-edged American R&B—"a cowbell going four in the bar and the chord going chatoong!" as he put it.George Harrison wrote the intro and outro guitar riff in the studio, according to Tom Petty in Rolling Stone. When asked by Petty how he came up with it, Harrison recalled "I was just standing there [in the studio] and thought, 'I've got to do something!'".With filming due to begin on A Hard Day's Night, film director Richard Lester needed the Beatles to provide him with original material ahead of production; "You Can't Do That" was selected to be part of the Scala Theatre "live performance" scene in the film, but was dropped from the final cut along with "I'll Cry Instead" and "I Call Your Name". The recording took nine takes to complete, and was considered for the A-side of their next single until McCartney wrote "Can't Buy Me Love". Recording and release "You Can't Do That" was recorded on Tuesday, 25 February 1964, in EMI Studios in London. An early take with a guide vocal is included on Anthology 1. It was the first song completed in the week before the Beatles began filming A Hard Day's Night, though "I Should Have Known Better" and "And I Love Her" were also started on the same day.Whilst in New York for The Ed Sullivan Show, guitarist George Harrison was presented with a Rickenbacker 360 Deluxe electric 12-string guitar worth (in 1964) $900. Only the second one produced, it was heard for the first time on "You Can't Do That" and gave the song its distinctive chiming sound. The song was first released as the B-side of the "Can't Buy Me Love" single on 16 March 1964 in the United States by Capitol Records and on 20 March 1964 in the United Kingdom by Parlophone. It was the Beatles' seventh US single and sixth UK single. It was later included on the A Hard Day's Night album in the UK, and The Beatles' Second Album in the US.The Beatles were filmed miming to "You Can't Do That" as part of the final concert sequence in the A Hard Day's Night film. The filming took place on 31 March 1964 at the Scala Theatre in London, but was not used. It was, however, broadcast on The Ed Sullivan Show on 24 May. The performance is included in the documentary The Making of "A Hard Day's Night".The Beatles recorded "You Can't Do That" four times for BBC radio in 1964. It also became a part of the group's live repertoire that year, and was the second song in their set—after "Twist And Shout"—during their Australian and North American tours.According to Mark Lewisohn's book The Beatles Recording Sessions, George Martin overdubbed a piano track to Take 9 on 22 May 1964, ostensibly for the album version of this song, but it was never used. Harry Nilsson version "You Can't Do That" was covered by Harry Nilsson for his debut album Pandemonium Shadow Show (1967). Nilsson re-arranged the song making it somewhat slower. He also worked references to 18 other Beatles tunes in the mix, usually by quoting snippets of Beatles lyrics in the multi-layered backing vocals.The track was Nilsson's first hit as a performer; though it stalled at #122 on the US charts, it reached the top 10 in Canada. It also (along with the rest of the album) established Nilsson as a favourite performer of the Beatles. Famously, Lennon listened to Pandemonium Shadow Show for 36 hours straight after being given a copy by Derek Taylor; he then called Nilsson to congratulate him, which started a friendship that would last for the rest of Lennon's life. Later, in a 1968 press conference to announce the formation of Apple Corps, Lennon was asked to name his favourite American artist; he replied, "Nilsson". McCartney was then asked to name his favourite American group, and replied likewise, "Nilsson".

7277544984663520677

Q5054938

Cave dweller A cave dweller, or troglodyte (not to be confused with troglobite), is a human being who inhabits a cave or the area beneath the overhanging rocks of a cliff. Prehistory Some prehistoric humans were cave dwellers, but most were not (see Homo and Human evolution.) Such early cave dwellers, and other prehistoric peoples, are also called cave men (the term also has other meanings). Despite the name, only a small portion of humanity has ever dwelt in caves: caves are rare across most of the world; most caves are dark, cold, and damp; other cave inhabitants, such as bears and cave bears, cave lions, and cave hyenas, also have made caves inhospitable for people.The Grotte du Vallonnet, a cave in the French Riviera, was used by people approximately one million years ago. Although stone tools and the remains of eaten animals have been found in the cave, there is no indication that people dwelt in it.Since about 750,000 years ago, the Zhoukoudian cave system, in Beijing, China, has been inhabited by various species of human being, including Peking Man (Homo erectus pekinensis) and modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens).Starting about 170,000 years ago, some Homo sapiens lived in some cave systems in what is now South Africa, such as Pinnacle Point and Diepkloof Rock Shelter. Caves were the ideal place to shelter from the midday sun in the equatorial regions. The stable temperatures of caves provided a cool habitat in summers and a warm, dry shelter in the winter.Approximately 100,000 years ago, some Neanderthal humans dwelt in caves in Europe and western Asia. Caves there also were inhabited by some Cro-Magnons from about 35,000 years ago until approximately 8,000 BC. Both species built shelters, including tents, at the mouths of caves and used the caves’ dark interiors for ceremonies. The Cro-Magnon people also made representational paintings on cave walls.Also about 100,000 years ago, some Homo sapiens worked in Blombos Cave, in what became South Africa. They made the earliest paint workshop now known, but apparently did not dwell in the caves. Modern times Especially during war and other times of strife, relatively small groups of people have lived temporarily in caves, where they have hidden or otherwise sought refuge. They also have used caves for clandestine and other special purposes while living elsewhere. Perhaps fleeing the violence of Ancient Romans, people left the Dead Sea Scrolls in eleven caves near Qumran, in what is now Israel; the documents remained undisturbed there for approximately 2,000 years, until their discovery in the 1940s and 1950s. The DeSoto Caverns, in what became Alabama, in the United States were a burial ground for local tribes; the same caves became a violent speakeasy in the 1920s. The Caves of St. Louis may have been a hiding-place along the Underground Railroad.From about 1000 to about 1300, some Pueblo people lived in villages that they built beneath cliffs in what is now the Southwestern United States.In the 1970s, several members of the Tasaday apparently inhabited caves near Cotabato, in the Philippines.Caves at Sacromonte, near Granada, Spain, are home to about 3,000 Gitano people, whose dwellings range from single rooms to caves of nearly 200 rooms, along with churches, schools, and stores in the caves.Some families have built modern homes (or renovated older ones) in caves, as in Missouri; Matera, Italy; and Spain.At least 30,000,000 people in China live in cave homes, called yaodongs; because they are warm in the winter and cool in the summer, some people find caves more desirable than concrete homes in the city.In the Australian mining towns of Coober Pedy and Lightning Ridge, many families have carved homes into the underground opal mines, to escape the burning desert heat.In the Loire Valley, abandoned caves are being privately renovated as affordable housing.In the UK, the rock houses at Kinver Edge were inhabited until the mid-twentieth century.

764698118175607108

Q6441928

Shevket Turgut Pasha Albanian revolt of 1910 During the Albanian revolt of 1910, the Ottoman government replaced Cavid Pasha and sent Turgut along with 16,000 infantry, some cavalry and artillery to put down the revolt by Albanian rebels. Throughout his military campaign in Kosovo, Turgut imposed upon the population severe measures to disarm and control them. On 10 April Albanian deputies in the Ottoman Parliament expressed their concerns calling Turgut's actions a "barbarous advance", while a report referring to events in Albania was given to the Grand Vizier by some of the Albanian elite in Istanbul. In parliament the Ottoman government declined to give answers and stated that there was no need to send an investigating commission to Albania. As such Turgut was empowered and applied the "law on the bands" in Albania. After the disarmament of Kosovo, Turgut continued toward Shkodër and during the journey he fought Catholic Albanian Malisors (highlanders), in particular a battle against the forces of Mehmet Shpendi, the bajraktar (chieftain) of the Shala tribe. On 26 July Turgut reached Shkodër, gave an order for the population to hand over weapons and called for a census to be conducted with military conscription of young males aged 18-26. Turgut's measures were disliked by local inhabitants and he remained in the town until 22 August. Apart from the north-western and northern mountains, Ottoman armies led by Turgut controlled northern Albania. On 22 August 1910, Turgut left Shkodër for Selanik (modern Thessaloniki) after completing the military goals of the campaign that lasted five months. On his way traveling through Mirdita Turgut gave an order for his soldiers to take Dibre (modern Debar) and disarm its inhabitants. Assisted through an imperial fetva (decree), Turgut in central and southern Albania closed Albanian schools and Albanian language education underwent a setback. Albanian revolt of 1911 The Albanian revolt of 1911 developed in April and Turgut along with 8,000 soldiers came back to the region to deal with the situation. At Shkodër on 11 May 1911, Turgut made an official announcement and declared martial law with an offer of amnesty to rebels if they quickly went back to their homes. A pardon was not offered to Malisor chieftains and as leaders of the uprising they would need to stand trial through a court martial (Divani Harb). From Podgorica the Albanian chieftains replied to Turgut on 18 May 1911. Signed by 60 chieftains the message said that in 1910 they disarmed due to Turgut's promises of constitutional rights and those commitments were not kept as the Ottoman government closed Albanian schools, raised taxes, imprisoned people and committed other heavy-handed measures. The chieftains also accused the Ottoman government of provoking communal conflict between Muslim and Christian Albanians and stated that their return to as loyal subjects rested upon the constitution being upheld. Turgut announced an imperial decree that offered amnesty to inhabitants on 18 June 1911. The terms outlined that rebels come back within ten days to hand over their weapons and a personal gift of 10,000 liras would be granted by the sultan for compensation of damages. For destroyed or lost property of the Malisors the government would give restitution. Malisor chieftains and their families had taken refuge in Montenegro to avoid Turgut and were visited by Ismail Qemali. At a gathering of the Malisors and Qemali they wrote the Greçë Memorandum calling for Albanian autonomy, ethno-linguistic rights and other measures. Signed by the Albanian delegates the memorandum also referred to the destruction done by Turgut in northern Albania and the document was a reply to the general's amnesty decree. Sultan Mehmed V signed an amnesty decree on 3 July 1911 and the rebels refused to come back due to their dislike of Turgut. The rebels held Turgut personally responsible and not the Ottoman government for what occurred in Albania. The Ottoman government recalled Turgut to Istanbul. Albanians were pleased with Turgut's departure viewing it as a humiliation for the general that had been decorated for his military campaign against the Albanian rebellion by the sultan and foreign ambassadors. Turgut was replaced by Abdullah Pasha.

16640199569691886391

Q156366

Mono County, California History Mono County was formed in 1861 from parts of Calaveras, Fresno and Mariposa counties. Parts of the county's territory were given to Inyo County in 1866.The county is named after Mono Lake which, in 1852, was named for a Native American Paiute tribe, the Mono people, who historically inhabited the Sierra Nevada from north of Mono Lake to Owens Lake. The tribe's western neighbors, the Yokut, called them monachie, meaning "fly people" because they used fly larvae as their chief food staple and trading article.Archeologists know almost nothing about the first inhabitants of the county, as little material evidence has been found from them. The Kuzedika, a band of Paiute, had been there many generations by the time the first anglophones arrived. The Kuzedika were hunter-gatherers and their language is a part of the Shoshone language. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3,132 square miles (8,110 km²), of which 3,049 square miles (7,900 km²) is land and 83 square miles (210 km²) (2.6%) is water. The highest point in Mono County is White Mountain Peak which, at 14,252 feet (4344.0 m), is the third-highest peak in California. 2000 As of the census of 2000, there were 12,853 people, 5,137 households, and 3,143 families residing in the county. The population density was 4/sq mi (1.5/km²). There were 11,757 housing units at an average density of 4/sq mi (1.5/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 84.2% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 2.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.5% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. 17.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.4% were of German, 12.6% Irish and 11.4% English ancestry according to Census 2000. 84.0% spoke English and 15.1% Spanish as their first language.There were 5,137 households out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.98.In the county, the population was spread out with 23.0% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 121.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 126.8 males.The median income for a household in the county was $44,992, and the median income for a family was $50,487. Males had a median income of $32,600 versus $26,227 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,422. About 6.3% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 1.9% of those age 65 or over. Public transportation Eastern Sierra Transit Authority operates intercity bus service along U.S. 395, as well as local services in Mammoth Lakes. Service extends south to Lancaster, California (Los Angeles County) and north to Reno, Nevada.Yosemite Area Regional Transit System (YARTS) also runs along U.S. 395 from Mammoth Lakes to Lee Vining before entering Yosemite National Park. Airports General aviation airports in Mono County include Bryant Field near Bridgeport, Mammoth Yosemite Airport and Lee Vining Airport. In December 2008, Mammoth Yosemite Airport began commercial air service to Los Angeles International Airport on a seasonal (December to April) basis; the service is provided by Horizon Air, and is subsidized by Mammoth Mountain Ski Resort.

9383637138196854626

Q21126940

Dolors Bassa Biography Bassa was born in Torroella de Montgrí. She graduated in Education from the University of Girona in 1979 and later on, in 2007, she would obtain a licentiate degree in Psychopedagogy from the Open University of Catalonia. She worked as a Catalan language teacher in Palafrugell from 1979 to 1986 and in Torroella de Montgrí from 1986 to 2015.As a politician, she started her career as a Councilor of Torroella de Montgrí for the Republican Left of Catalonia from 2007 to 2015. Bassa was also a member of the Generalitat's Vocational Training Council between 2007 and 2013, and also served on the steering committee of the Labour Services of the Generalitat (SOC) between 2006 and 2014.In 2000 she started her activities with the syndicate Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT. In 2008 she would be elected as a General Secretary of the UGT of Girona and would held the position until 2015.During the 2015 Catalan regional election, Dolors Bassa was the sixth candidate of the pro-independence political party Junts pel Sí of Girona and was elected as a member of the Parliament of Catalonia.On 13 January 2016 she received the offer of becoming the Counselor of Labour, Social Affairs and Families by the government of Carles Puigdemont. Dolors Bassa accepted the position the following day. She was dismissed on 27 October 2017, with the rest of the Catalan regional government, according to the article 155 of the Spanish Constitution, after being charged of several major constitutional infringements like declaring the independence of Catalonia. Imprisonment On November 2, Bassa was sent to prison in Madrid, where she shared a cell with her parliamentary colleague Meritxell Borràs. While behind bars, she “started helping some of the convicts to work towards getting a diploma or school certificate.” She also obeyed orders to clean the halls while Borràs cleaned windows. She said that some prison workers were surprised at their willingness to work: “they thought that we would act ‘high and mighty’ and they saw that it wasn’t the case.” On November 11, her sister, Montserrat, appeared before a crowd in Torroella de Montgrí and issued a dramatic plea for Bassa's release.In early December, the Spanish Supreme Court ordered Bassa released along with four other Catalan parliamentarians, Jordi Turull, Josep Rull, Carles Mundó and Raül Romeva, provided they pay 100,000 euros in bail apiece. Bassa had spent 33 days in prison, but still faced the possibility of a long prison term.Thirteen days after her release from prison, Bassa said she did not feel free. “I feel a threat hanging above me, because they can still request up to 30 years in prison,” she told the Catalan News Agency (ACN). She said she felt “afraid,” but was “proud” of her political career with the ERC. While she planned to return to the Catalan Parliament, she said she would not accept a cabinet position. “After what I went through,” she said, “I don’t feel like it, my body is asking me not to.”She was re-elected member of the Catalan Parliament in the 2017 Catalan regional election, but on March 24, 2018, once the failed voting for the investiture of Jordi Turull as president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, she resigned as deputy, along with Marta Rovira and Carme Forcadell.On March 23, 2018, the magistrate of the Spanish High Court, Tribunal Supremo, Pablo Llarena sent her back to prison, together with the former president of Parliament Carme Forcadell and the ministers Raül Romeva, Josep Rull and Jordi Turull. Llarena argued for unconditional provisional bail after considering that was a risk of flight and reiteration of the crimes for which they were prosecuted.On July 4, 2018, she was transferred to the Puig de les Basses Penitentiary Center in Figueres. Since then, collective dinners and various support concentrations have been promoted in front of the prison to support her.On February 1, 2019, she was transferred again to Alcalá-Meco, to face the Judgment that started on February 12. She is processed by rebellion and misuse of public funds. The trial ended and was remitted to decision on 12 June 2019.On 14 October 2019, she was sentenced to 12 years in prison and given a 12-year ban on holding office. The verdict was delivered by 7 judges at Spain’s supreme court, after a 4-month trial that heard from 422 witnesses. Personal life She has two daughters. Her sister is the member of the Congress of Deputies Montserrat Bassa, elected in the 2019 general election.

5533005669485244744

Q485032

Sergei Bagapsh Early life and career Sergei Bagapsh was born on 4 March 1949 at Sukhumi in the Georgian SSR. Throughout most of his life, he had lived in Abkhazia. In his youth, Bagapsh was a member of the Georgian basketball team. Bagapsh graduated from the Georgian State University of Subtropical Agriculture in Sukhumi. During his studies he worked first, in a wine cooperative and later as a security guard for the state bank. In 1972, he fulfilled his military service, worked as the head of a sovkhoz following which he became instructor with the Abkhazian regional committee of the Komsomol. In 1978, Bagapsh became responsible for information in the central committee of the Komsomol's Georgian branch and in 1980, first secretary of the Abkhazian regional committee. In 1982, Sergei Bagapsh became secretary general of the communist party in the Ochamchira district. After the fall of communism, Bagapsh became a businessman and the representative of the Abkhazian government in Moscow. From 1995 until 1997, Bagapsh was First Vice-Premier of Abkhazia. On 9 November 1995, Bagapsh was seriously wounded in an attack. Prime minister Sergei Bagapsh was appointed to the office of Prime Minister of Abkhazia on 29 April 1997.The Georgian-Abkhazian tensions during Bagapsh's term in office came to a height in May 1998, when the Tbilisi-based government deployed forces along the Abkhaz-Georgian border. 2004 presidential election From 2000 until 2004, Sergei Bagapsh was the managing director of the Abkhazian state-owned power company Chernomorenergo. During the same period, he began to emerge as a likely opposition candidate in the lead-up to the 2004 presidential election. In early 2004, he became one of three leaders of the newly founded opposition party, United Abkhazia. On 20 July 2004, United Abkhazia joined forces with Amtsakhara, another important opposition party, and the two named him as their joint candidate for the coming October presidential elections, beating out other hopefuls, such as former foreign minister Sergey Shamba. In the elections, Bagapsh and his main opponent, Raul Khadjimba, disputed the results. The Abkhaz Electoral Commission originally declared Khadjimba to be the winner, with Bagapsh a distant second, but the Supreme Court later found that Bagapsh had actually won with 50.3% of the vote. The court then reversed its decision when Khadjimba's supporters stormed the court building. At one point, Bagapsh and his supporters threatened to hold their own inauguration on 6 December 2004. However, in early December, Bagapsh and Khadjimba reached an agreement to run together on a national unity ticket. New elections were held on 12 January 2005, with this ticket easily winning. Under the agreement, Bagapsh ran for president and Khadjimba ran for vice-president. 2009 Presidential election Bagapsh first addressed the matter of his candidacy in the 12 December 2009 presidential election when during a press conference in Moscow on 18 April 2009 he announced that he would probably make use of his constitutional right to run for a second term. Bagapsh was nominated on 27 October by United Abkhazia, with Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab of Aitaira as his Vice Presidential candidate. On 18 November, Bagapsh received the additional support of the Communist Party of Abkhazia. Death In May 2011, Bagapsh was diagnosed with growths on his lung. On 21 May, Bagapsh underwent surgery in a Moscow clinic. Though the growths were successfully removed, Bagapsh died on 29 May due to heart failure that resulted from complications from the surgery. After the surgery, doctors discovered he had cancer. Alexander Ankvab took over as acting president with an election scheduled to be held on 26 August. Reactions Abkhaz parliament speaker Nugzar Ashuba told Russian state television that, although the death was completely unexpected, the situation remains calm.Russian President Dmitry Medvedev offered his condolences saying: "Bagapsh was a loyal supporter of friendship and alliance with Russia, and he tirelessly worked to deepen close bilateral ties between our countries." Legacy A state commission was installed to perpetuate the memory of Sergei Bagapsh. On 26 January 2012, the City Council of Sukhumi unanimously accepted a proposal by Mayor Alias Labakhua to rename the Square of the Constitution of the USSR after Bagapsh.

7369131269394495334

Q5318715

Dylan Evans Early life and education Evans was born in Bristol on 29 September 1966 and went to school at Sevenoaks School and West Kent College of Further Education. His father is an aircraft engineer, his mother is a teacher. At Southampton University he studied Spanish and Linguistics and later he received his doctorate in philosophy from the London School of Economics.Evans is an atheist and also writes and gives lectures on atheism and related topics. He contributed an article to The Blackwell Companion to Science and Christianity arguing that psychology has shown atheism to be a better explanation of the human mind than theism. Academic career Evans was a psychoanalyst in the style of Jacques Lacan, and wrote a standard reference work in the field. After several years, however, Evans eventually came to doubt the logical and scientific validity of Lacanianism, and ultimately abandoned the field because he was worried Lacanianism harmed rather than helped patients. Evans worked at the University of Bath and the University of the West of England in artifical intelligence. Evans resigned from the position of senior lecturer at the University of the West of England to start a project in sustainable living called the Utopia Experiment.Evans was briefly a lecturer in Behavioural Science in the School of Medicine at University College Cork. In 2010 the university gave him the "President's Award for Research on Innovative Forms of Teaching" for his Cork Science Cafe project (together with colleague Catherine O'Mahony).Risk intelligence is one of his research areas.On 15 September 2010, Evans, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK.In spring 2010 Evans was accused of sexual harassment of a colleague, Rossana Salerno Kennedy, by showing her a published article about oral sex among fruit bats. His employer imposed a "two-year period of monitoring and appraisal under the university's duty of respect and 'right to dignity' policy," leading Evans to mount a campaign, attracting more than 3000 petition signatures, defending the principle of freedom of expression. In the course of the campaign, confidential documents were leaked, and UCC launched disciplinary action against Evans for alleged breach of confidentiality. Disciplinary proceedings were halted when Evans applied for judicial review at the Irish High Court. On 1 December 2010 the High Court quashed the sanctions imposed on Evans by the President of UCC, which the judge described as "grossly disproportionate", and awarded costs to Evans. The Court upheld the original finding of harassment, but the judge pointed out that "there can be different forms of sexual harassment, ranging from highly objectionable to mildly objectionable" and that "this was at the very lower end of the scale in this case." UCC responded by issuing a statement stating that they were satisfied with the High Court's decision to uphold the original harassment finding, and they declared their intention to proceed with disciplinary proceedings against Evans for alleged breach of confidence. The Utopia Experiment From 2006 he spent a while running the "Utopia Experiment" in the Highlands of Scotland. This was to be a self-sufficient group of people growing their own food, with no television and limited use of electricity for eighteen months. After 10 months Evans had become disillusioned with the project and concerned about their health. He went to see a doctor who referred him to a psychiatrist. Evans was then detained under the Mental Health Act for his own safety. After 4 weeks in a psychiatric hospital he returned to the experiment to inform the volunteers that it was over. However, they wished for the community to continue and renamed it the Phoenix Experiment. As of 2015 some of them were still there. After the "Utopia Experiment" After leaving the experiment Evans moved to Ireland where he was a resident for 5 years. He then relocated to Guatemala. In a 2015 interview he said he was working on a novel set in the region. Evans also became the CEO of Projection Point, a risk intelligence company.

16736922482056830779

Q110477

Cannonball Adderley Early life and career Originally from Tampa, Florida, Adderley moved to New York in 1955. His nickname derived from "cannibal", a title imposed on him by high school colleagues as a tribute to his voracious appetite.Cannonball moved to Tallahassee, when his parents obtained teaching positions at Florida A&M University. Both Cannonball and brother Nat played with Ray Charles when Charles lived in Tallahassee during the early 1940s. Adderley moved to Broward County, Florida, in 1948 after finishing his music studies at Florida A&M and became the band director at Dillard High School in Fort Lauderdale, a position which he held until 1950. Cannonball was a local legend in Southeast Florida until he moved to New York City in 1955.One of his known addresses in New York was in the neighborhood of Corona, Queens. He left Florida originally to seek graduate studies at New York conservatories, but one night in 1955 he brought his saxophone with him to the Café Bohemia. Asked to sit in with Oscar Pettiford in place of his band's regular saxophonist, who was late for the gig. The "buzz" on the New York jazz scene after Adderley's performance announced him as the heir to the mantle of Charlie Parker.Adderley formed his own group with his brother Nat after signing onto the Savoy jazz label in 1957. He was noticed by Miles Davis, and it was because of his blues-rooted alto saxophone that Davis asked him to play with his group. He joined the Davis band in October 1957, three months prior to the return of John Coltrane to the group. Some of Davis's finest trumpet work can be found on Adderley's first solo album Somethin' Else (also featuring Art Blakey and Hank Jones), which was recorded shortly after the two giants met. Adderley then played on the seminal Davis records Milestones and Kind of Blue. This period also overlapped with pianist Bill Evans' time with the sextet, an association that led to recording Portrait of Cannonball and Know What I Mean?.His interest as an educator carried over to his recordings. In 1961, Cannonball narrated The Child's Introduction to Jazz, released on Riverside Records. Band leader The Cannonball Adderley Quintet featured Cannonball on alto sax and his brother Nat Adderley on cornet. Cannonball's first quintet was not very successful; however, after leaving Davis' group, he formed another group again with his brother.The new quintet, which later became the Cannonball Adderley Sextet, and Cannonball's other combos and groups, included such noted musicians as saxophonists Charles Lloyd and Yusef Lateef, pianists Bobby Timmons, Barry Harris, Victor Feldman, Joe Zawinul, Hal Galper, Michael Wolff, and George Duke, bassists Ray Brown, Sam Jones, Walter Booker, and Victor Gaskin, and drummers Louis Hayes and Roy McCurdy. Later life By the end of the 1960s, Adderley's playing began to reflect the influence of the electric jazz. From this period, he released albums such as Accent on Africa (1968) and The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free (1970). In that same year, his quintet appeared at the Monterey Jazz Festival in California, and a brief scene of that performance was featured in the 1971 psychological thriller Play Misty for Me, starring Clint Eastwood. In 1975 he also appeared in an acting role alongside José Feliciano and David Carradine in the episode "Battle Hymn" in the third season of the TV series Kung Fu.Songs made famous by Adderley and his bands include "This Here" (written by Bobby Timmons), "The Jive Samba", "Work Song" (written by Nat Adderley), "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy" (written by Joe Zawinul) and "Walk Tall" (written by Zawinul, Marrow, and Rein). A cover version of Pops Staples' "Why (Am I Treated So Bad)?" also entered the charts. His instrumental "Sack o' Woe" was arranged by Herbie Mann on their debut album.He had a cerebral hemorrhage and four weeks later, on August 8, 1975, he died at St. Mary Mercy Medical Center in Gary, Indiana. He was 46 years old. He was buried in the Southside Cemetery, Tallahassee. Legacy Later that year he was inducted into the Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame. Joe Zawinul's composition "Cannon Ball" on Black Market is a tribute to his former leader. Pepper Adams and George Mraz dedicated the composition "Julian" on the 1975 Pepper Adams album of the same name days after Cannonball's death.Adderley was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity (Gamma Theta chapter, University of North Texas, '60, & Xi Omega chapter, Frostburg State University, '70) and Alpha Phi Alpha (Beta Nu chapter, Florida A&M University).His influence in hip hop is evident in songs such as "1nce Again" by A Tribe Called Quest, She Said (The Pharcyde song) by the Pharcyde, and "Long Run" by Fly Union which was also featured in the popular NBA 2K14 video game.

9158934756872777290

Q2450369

Interstate 285 (North Carolina) Route description The southern terminus of I-285 is at the southwestern corner of the city of Lexington, at a partial interchange with I-85, with northbound-to-northbound and southbound-to-southbound the only possible movement; other directions require the use of surface streets in Lexington, using exit 84 (NC 47), the first exit on I-285. From the southern terminus, the route is also co-signed with US 52, US 29, US 70, and I-85 Business. The route follows the western boundary of Lexington's corporate limits, acting as a bypass of the city. Exit 85 is for Green Needles Road, while exit 86 provides access to Salisbury Road and Main Street, an old alignment of US 29/US 70. Exit 87 is a partial interchange and marks the northern end of the concurrency with I-85 Business/US 29/US 70, which branch off to the northeast here. Exit 89 (US 64/Center Street) provides access for drivers heading from southbound I-85 Business and northbound I-285, and visa-versa, as those movements are not covered at the direct interchange at exit 87. North of US 64, the route passes the communities of Bethesda and Welcome. At exit 89, NC 8 joins the freeway and the road turns from northeast to due north. The next interchange is exit 97 (Old US 52) which provides access to both Welcome and the community of Midway. After exit 100 (Hickory Tree Road), I-285 enters the city of Winston-Salem. Exit 103 is for South Main Street, and exit 105 is for Clemmonsville Road. The I-285 designation ends at Exit 107 (I-40), though the freeway continues on as US 52/NC 8/US 311. History Approved by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in September 2005, after receiving an earlier approval from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in July 2005, intending to provide an Interstate-quality freeway to connect Winston-Salem to Charlotte (via a portion of I-85). The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) installed "Future Interstate 285 Corridor" signs along the route in February 2006. The initial $2.5 million project to improve the roadway to Interstate standards was approved in October 2011. With property acquisition already started in December 2012, cost estimates rose to $8.57 million. The contract was awarded to J.T. Russell and Sons Inc. of Albemarle for $7.6 million. Construction began in March 2014 and include reconstructing shoulders, improving drainage systems, resurfacing travel lanes, and realigning Marco Boulevard to accommodate a new southbound exit ramp alignment at Green Needles Road. In addition, crews resurfaced and preserved the bridges over Swearing Creek. The project was completed in late 2017.On February 15, 2018, based on the completed improvements, the FHWA approved the I-285 signing between I-85 and I-40. In November 2018, NCDOT placed I-285 ground-mounted route shields along the route from I-85 to I-40. Extension On May 20, 2019, AASHTO approved a request by NCDOT to establish Future I-285 north from its current northern terminus to a future I-74/I-274 interchange. The justification for the 11.3-mile (18.2 km) extension was that Winston-Salem was a major transfer point for motor freight services and that numerous freight operators were already utilizing US 52 to access other major highways in and around the city; and that it would also serve the 330-acre (130 ha) Innovation Quarter, which will house research, business and several college education facilities. The transition from future designation is dependent upon completion of the I-74/I-274 interchange and upgrades to interstate standards along the route. Future An unfunded section of Future I-285 would continue north of I-40 for 10 miles (16 km) along US 52, through downtown Winston-Salem, to the proposed Winston-Salem Northern Beltway. Other plans include possible widening to 6 total lanes (three in each direction).

15769406521298190920

Q16254158

Muscular evolution in humans Introduction DNA and anthropologic data consider modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) a primate and the descendants of ape-like species. Species of the genus ‘Homo’ are all extinct except humans, which are thought to have evolved from australopithecine ancestors originating in East Africa. The development of the modern human has taken place over some 300,000 years and unique adaptations have resulted from ecological pressures that Homo Sapiens has faced. Due prominently to ecological and behavioral factors, the modern human muscular system differs greatly from that of our early primate ancestors. These adaptations and changes have allowed Homo sapiens to function as they do today.As is the standard for all evolutionary adaptations, the human muscle system evolved in its efforts to increase survivability. Since muscles and the accompanying ligaments and tendons are present all throughout the body aiding in many functions, it is apparent that our behavior and decisions are based upon what we are and how we can operate. It is believed that our ancestor’s original habitat was not on the ground but in the trees and we developed new habits that eventually allowed us to thrive on the ground, such as changes in diet, gathering of food, energy expenditure, social interactions, and predators. Life in the canopy meant a food supply similar to that of herbivores: leaves, fruits, berries; mostly low-protein foods that did not require a large amount of energy to find. However, if any could be found, meat was also consumed. At this time our ancestors had not yet switched to full-time bipedalism and so searching for food on the ground did not make sense because there was too much energy and risk involved. This habitat also lacked the predators found on the ground that our chimp-like ancestors would have been poor defenders against. As they became bipedal, they began to live in groups that used weapons to fend off predators and hunt down prey. Running became a key aspect to the survival of the species. Even with all this, it is the development of the brain that has guided the development of the muscle functions and structures in humans Skull, neck, and head It is suspected that H. sapiens ancestors’ did not initially forage on the forest floor; instead they migrated from the trees for various reasons. In that environment, they survived on a diet high in plant matter with some insects and little amounts of meat. They were not very formidable opponents to more dominant mammals such as large ancient cats (lions, leopards) but their ability to be better hunters and gatherers along with their corresponding brain development, gave them the advantage to add high-calorie nutrient supplies such as meat to their diet. Analysis of the jaws and skull of the supposed human ancestors show that they had larger, stronger jaw muscles attached to the skull which would be expected with a diet rich in fruit and plants. The back set of molars were much larger for this reason also. The dependence on these higher-calorie foods came from the inefficiency of bipedalism and the growing energy costs of climbing tall trees. Human ancestors are thought to have had more muscles connecting the skull, neck, and shoulders/back area (similar to apes) which caused their neck and skull regions to appear to sag, such as non-human primate species do. These diminished muscles allow the human head to be held in its current ‘upright’ position and lets the occipitofrontalis muscle, or the forehead, to function as an aid to expressions. Upper body/back Humans became taller as the years passed after becoming bipedal which lengthened back muscles at the base of the tail bone and hips which in effect made them weigh more, further hampering their abilities in the trees. Early human ancestors had a tail where modern humans’ tail bone is located. This aided in balance when in the trees but lost its prominence when bipedalism was adapted. The arms also became shorter (opposite in comparison to legs) for carrying objects and using them as multi-tasking agents instead of climbing and swinging in trees. It is well known that the Homo sapien line of primates developed the opposable thumb which opened the door to many muscle functions not yet possible in the hand and other upper body regions. The stretching muscles of the forearms whose tendons allowed the human to concentrate its force and abilities within his/her hands and fingers contributed to great new abilities. Overall, upper body muscles developed to deal with more activities that involved the concentration of strength in those muscles such as: holding, throwing, lifting, running with something to assist in escaping danger, hunting, and the construction of habitats and shelters. Lower body/below waist The conversion to full-time bipedalism in our distant ancestors is the main argument for the adaptations our muscle structure and function have made. By having to center the force of gravity on two feet, the human thigh bone developed an inward slope down to the knee which may have allowed their gluteal abductors to adapt to the stress and build the necessary muscle. This allows the human to manage their balance on a single foot and when “in-stride” during walking. Muscles near the ankle helped provide the push during walking and running. There are many advantages and disadvantages to this altered posture and gait. The ability to grab something with four appendages was lost but what was gained was the ability to hold a club or throw a spear and use the other free hand for another task. This adaptation also helped humans stand up straight with locked knees for longer periods of time. The plantaris muscle in the foot which helped our ancestors grab and manipulate objects like chimps do, has adapted to its new evolutionary role appropriately, becoming so underdeveloped that it cannot grip or grab anything, the foot has grown more elongated as a result and now 9% of humans are born without it. Homo sapiens benefitted by becoming a better defender and hunter. An increase in running as a hunting and survival activity was perhaps fundamental to this development. Strength changes Compared to our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos, Homo sapiens' skeletal muscle is on average about 1.35 to 1.5 times weaker when normalized for size. As little biomechanical difference was found between individual muscle fibers from the different species, this strength difference is likely the result of different muscle fiber type composition. Humans' limb muscles tend to be more biased toward fatigue-resistant, slow twitch Type I muscle fibers. While there is no proof that modern humans have become physically weaker than past generations of humans, inferences from such things as bone robusticity and long bone cortical thickness can be made as a representation of physical strength. Taking such factors into account, there has been a rapid decrease in overall robusticity in those populations that take to sedentism. For instance, bone shaft thickness since the 17th and 18th centuries have decreased in the United States, indicating a less physically stressful life. This is not, however, the case for current hunter gatherer and foraging populations, such as the Andaman Islanders, who retain overall robusticity. In general, though, hunter gatherers tend to be robust in the legs and farmers tend to be robust in the arms, representing different physical load (i.e., walking many miles a day versus grinding wheat).

11495959719059737018

Q5324415

ESilicon Locations eSilicon's headquarters is in San Jose, California. eSilicon has offices in Allentown, Pennsylvania; Shanghai, China; Penang, Malaysia; Bucharest, Romania; Singapore; Taiwan and Vietnam (one design center in Ho Chi Minh City and another in Da Nang). History Since its founding in 2000 eSilicon has received a total of $86M in venture capital. In 2002 eSilicon became widely known as the supplier of a key Apple Inc. iPod ASIC through PortalPlayer. 2004 revenues reached $91M largely driven by ASICs for the iPod. In 2006 Apple announced that they were changing their iPod ASIC strategy and eSilicon no longer supplies ASICs for the iPod. Following the loss of the iPod business eSilicon diversified its customer base and announced in May 2008 that they were profitable and shipping ASICs to over 50 customers. In January 2008 eSilicon acquired the assets of Swedish-based Ethernet networking switch supplier SwitchCore AB and announced that they would seek further acquisitions. Rumors of eSilicon preparing to file for an IPO have circulated on and off since 2003.In 2011, eSilicon started the MoZAIC™ “Modular Z-axis Integrated Circuit” 2.5D ASIC program to analyze new approaches that would provide more bandwidth for customers. This includes the development of an HBM PHY in 28nm and finFET technologies as well as the study of 2.5D packaging. eSilicon has completed seven test chips to date that verify the HBM PHY IP and assemble a supply chain ecosystem in support of 2.5D integration — design, verification, test and reliability. eSilicon has multiple 14/16nm finFET 2.5D ASICs in design, with several entering production in the first half of 2018. Products eSilicon provides physical design, design for test insertion, traditional and 2.5D package design, product qualification, IP licensing, and manufacturing services for digital CMOS and finFET ASICs. eSilicon has announced products in .25 um, .18 um, .13 um, 90 nm, 65 nm, 40 nm, 28 nm and 14 nm process technologies. In 2017, eSilicon announced tapeout to production of one of the first 2.5D ASICs, developed on Samsung 14LPP technology. Customer ASICs have been announced in a wide range of applications including high-bandwidth networking, high-performance computing, digital cameras, hearing aids, portable multimedia players and inkjet printers.eSilicon specializes in a high-performance, high-bandwidth IP + 2.5D solution that targets networking, high-performance computing, artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G wireless infrastructure applications by offering specialized memories with 2.5GHz worst-case operation with more than a billion searches per second along with the 2.5D integration of 1024 Gbytes/sec data rate high-bandwidth memory (HBM2). Memory and I/O products in this category include ternary content addressable memory (TCAMs), fast cache, multi-port and asynchronous register files and HBM2 PHY. Manufacturing As a fabless company eSilicon outsources all semiconductor manufacturing to merchant foundries. Since eSilicon's founding it has had a relationship with TSMC as its primary foundry partner. eSilicon also partners with Samsung Foundry. eSilicon outsources all package assembly and test. Milestones 2000–2007•Pioneers fabless ASIC and the value chain producer (VCP) model, based on industry megatrends•Adds design teams coming primarily from Bell Labs (Murray Hill, New Jersey and Allentown, Pennsylvania)•Adds Netlist engagement model•Patents eSilicon Access® 24x7 production management tool•Creates GlobalDesign™ private cloud-based hosted design environment•Adds GDSII engagement model •Establishes engineering center in Romania through acquisition of Sycon Design2008-Current•Establishes manufacturing operations center in Penang, Malaysia•GSA (Global Semiconductor Alliance) announces VCP as an official market segment, creates a board seat•Acquires Silicon Design Solutions (SDS) with two engineering centers in Vietnam (170 full-time employees) for its custom IP business•Launches MoZAIC™ “Modular Z-axis Integrated Circuit” 2.5D packaging research program•Launches eSilicon® STAR online tool suite: Navigator, Optimizer, Explorer and Tracker•Patents SKOPE knowledge base and design optimization technology•Announces tapeout of 14nm 2.5D finFET ASIC for production

3226985098346609052

Q4551351

USS Du Pont (DD-152) Service history Du Pont sailed from Newport 6 May 1919 to patrol off the Azores during the historic first transatlantic airplane flight, made by Navy seaplanes, then visited Brest, France, before returning to New York 15 June. She sailed 10 July for the Mediterranean and on the 27th reported to Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, European Waters, at Constantinople, Turkey. She carried mail and passengers in connection with relief in eastern Europe, and investigated conditions in Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Greece. Returning to New York 21 July 1920, she was placed in reserve and operated with 50 percent of her complement in training duty along the Atlantic coast until placed out of commission at Philadelphia 19 April 1922.Recommissioned 1 May 1930, Du Pont operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean, in practice and exercises and on reserve training cruises. Between 13 March and 29 March 1931 she escorted Arizona with President H. C. Hoover embarked for visits to Ponce, Puerto Rico, and St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, then returned to tactical exercises with the fleet and occasional duty as a plane guard.Between 9 January and 22 October 1932, Du Pont cruised to the west coast, returning to Norfolk to join Rotating Reserve Squadron 19. She operated from Boston training Naval Reservists until assigned temporary duty on patrol off Cuba from September 1933 until February 1934.On 15 August 1934, Du Pont returned to active commission. She left Charleston, South Carolina, 15 September, served as target vessel and plane guard in the Caribbean, then arrived at San Diego 9 November. Based there she served in training and tactical development with the fleet, cruising to Alaskan waters and Pearl Harbor on a problem during 29 April 1935 – 10 June 1935. She sailed from the west coast 27 April 1936 for the annual fleet problem held that year in the Canal Zone, then transited the Panama Canal, and arrived at Jacksonville, Florida, 7 June for Naval Reserve training duty along the east coast. Arriving at Philadelphia Navy Yard 29 September 1936, Du Pont was placed out of commission 14 January 1937. World War II With the outbreak of war in Europe, Du Pont was recommissioned 16 October 1939 for duty on the Neutrality Patrol. She patrolled along the east coast, trained reservists, and spent several periods training with submarines out of New London. Between 7 July 1941 and 26 February 1942, she escorted five vital convoys to NS Argentia, Newfoundland, and Iceland, continuing escort and antisubmarine patrol duty in the Atlantic as far north as Argentia and south to the Caribbean. Du Pont, 15 March 1942, rescued 30 survivors from a torpedoed merchantman. From 8 May 1942 to 19 January 1943, she guarded convoys from New York and Norfolk to Key West and Guantanamo Bay.After overhaul, Du Pont returned to the Caribbean to escort tanker convoys between Aruba, Netherlands West Indies, and Guantanamo Bay until 17 May 1943 when she sailed from Aruba to the Mediterranean. She arrived at Algiers, Algeria, 1 June, and put into Casablanca 5 days later. The destroyer sailed on 9 June for New York in the escort for Card, rescuing four men from downed aircraft during hunter-killer operations en route. She arrived at New York 6 July.Between 17 July and 12 September 1943, Du Pont made two voyages to the United Kingdom on convoy escort duty. On 25 September, she sailed from Norfolk for an antisubmarine patrol with a hunter-killer group centered on Card. On 6 October she joined the screen for Bogue during exercises in Casco Bay and Long Island Sound. The group sailed from Norfolk 14 November to give close support to a Gibraltar-bound convoy. On the return passage one of Bogue's planes sighted and bombed surfaced U-172, 12 December. Du Pont and George E. Badger continued the attack, driving the submarine to the surface on the morning of the following day. The destroyers opened fire and after the submarine's conning tower exploded, rescued 46 survivors including the captain as U-172 sank in 26°19′N 29°58′W. Du Pont shared in the Presidential Unit Citation awarded the Bogue task group for distinguished success in operations against submarines.Du Pont escorted a convoy to Gibraltar and back to Boston between 25 January and 9 March 1944, and then returned to escort duty in the Caribbean. She left Norfolk 11 June in the screen of Albemarle sailing by way of Casablanca to Avonmouth, England, arriving 28 June. Du Pont returned to Boston 13 July with Albemarle who was carrying casualties from the Normandy invasion."Du Pont" was based in Norfolk during September 1944 when she sailed for anti-submarine duties off Cape Hatteras. She was caught in the Great Hurricane of 1944, which resulted in the loss of USS Warrington, USCGC Jackson and USCGC Bedloe. "Du Pont" survived the hurricane, but was heavily damaged. She limped into Charleston Navy Yard where it was determined that "Du Pont" would be reclassified as an auxiliary, AG-80. Auxiliary service After overhaul and refresher training, Du Pont put into Charleston Navy Yard 16 September 1944 to undergo conversion to an auxiliary vessel. Reclassified AG-80, 25 September 1944, she sailed from Charleston 9 October and arrived at Key West 2 days later to act as target ship for Fleet Air Wing 5. She rescued two downed aviators 24 November and 2 days later, transferred her doctor to a Norwegian merchantman to render emergency treatment. She continued to serve off Florida aiding aviation training until 1 April 1946 when she arrived at Boston. Du Pont was decommissioned 2 May 1946 and sold 12 March 1947. Awards In addition to the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to TG 21.13, Du Pont received three battle stars for World War II service.

12918671278637922109

Q7279582

Racial formation theory Racial formation theory is an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces. Unlike other traditional race theories, "In [Omi and Winant's] view, racial meanings pervade US society, extending from the shaping of individual racial identities to the structuring of collective political action on the terrain of the state". Race concept In order to delve further into the topic of racial formation, it is important to explore the question of what "race" is. Racial formation theory is a framework that has the objective of deconstructing race as it exists today in the United States. To do this, the authors first explore the historical development of race as a dynamic and fluid social construct. This goes against the dominant discourses on race, which see race as a static and unchanging concept based purely on physical and genetic criteria.Instead of claiming race as something that is concrete, where the person's biology and upbringing are what shape racial identity, Omi and Winant suggest that race is something that is fluid, where "the racial order is organized and enforced by the continuity and reciprocity between micro-level and macro-level of social relations".In the above definition, the "micro-level" social relations refer to "the ways in which we understand ourselves and interact with others, the structuring of our practical activity in work and family, as citizens and as thinkers", basically, a person's individual interactions with other people.The "macro-level" social relations refer to the social structures and common ideologies of a society. Relevant social structures include collective organizations like businesses, the media, and the government, and the common ideologies include cultural and stereotypical beliefs on race, class, sexuality, and gender.Omi and Winant also believe that "race [is] an unstable and 'de-centered' complex of social meanings constantly being transformed by political struggle". Because of this, people are able to constantly contest the definition of race both in the micro- and the macro-level. Origin of racism as a justification for ethnocentrism Omi and Winant argue that the concept of race developed gradually and was created to justify and explain inequality and genocide that is characteristic of European colonization. The expropriation of property, the denial of political rights, the introduction of slavery and other forms of coercive labor, well as outright extermination, all presupposed a worldview which distinguished European – children of God, human beings, etc. – from "others". Such a worldview was needed to explain why some should be "free" and others enslaved, why some had rights to land while others did not. Race and the interpretation of racial differences were central factors in that worldview.The need for a justification for institutionalized racial discrimination led to the "biological essentialist" framework. In this framework, White European Americans were viewed as being born inherently superior. Religious debates also flared over the role of race in definitions of humanity: "Arguments took place over creation itself, as theories of polygenesis questioned whether God had made only one species of humanity ('monogenesis')."In their book Racial Formation, Omi and Winant present race as a relatively recent phenomenon in the United States. They describe how race becomes established in social consciousness, even without anyone having an explicit intention to perpetuate it:Everybody learns some combination, some version, of the rules of racial classification, and of their own racial identity, often without obvious teaching or conscious inculcation. Race becomes 'common sense' – a way of comprehending, explaining, and acting in the world. Race was legitimated through science There was also a scientific preoccupation with the idea of race. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in particular, some of the most respected scientists of the time took up the question of racial superiority. Many of them concluded that White Europeans were, in fact, superior based on studies on everything from cranial capacity to social Darwinism.This scientific debate was not, however, a purely academic one. It was a central icon of public fascination, often in the popular magazines of the time. Even today, scientists are still working on finding a genetic basis for racial categorization. None of these efforts has been successful in defining race in an empirical and objective way.Racial formation theory examines race as a dynamic social construct with inherent structural barriers, ideologies and individual actions, whereas the biological essentialist understands individual deficiency as the basis for racial marginalization and oppression. Calling for a "racial formation perspective" According to Omi and Winant, a "racial formation perspective" is needed to explain race as "an autonomous field of social conflict, political organizations, and cultural/ideological meaning". The second part of their book is an elaboration of this racial formation perspective.Omi and Winant define "racial formation" as "the process by which social, economic and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories, and by which they are in turn shaped by racial meanings". The racial formation perspective emphasizes the extent to which race is a social and political construction that operates at two levels, the micro (individual identity) and the macro (collective social structure). The two levels interact to form a racial social movement when individuals at the micro level are mobilized in response to political racial injustice at the macro level. Race as seen through the racial formation perspective Becoming a citizen of this society is the process of learning to see race – that is, to ascribe social meanings and qualities to otherwise meaningless biological features. And in turn, race consciousness figures centrally in the building of a collective body of knowledge without which we could not make sense of the world around us – a body of knowledge that Omi and Winant call "racial common sense". That describes the associations we make between individual characteristics, preferences, behaviors, and attitudes and a particular physical appearance or perceived group membership. Racial formation guides our expectations Those expectations will guide all our daily interactions. Individuals that do not perform according to our racial expectations disrupt this micro-level process. Omi and Winant provide several illustrative examples of this disruption of expectations:The black banker harassed by police while walking in casual clothes through his own well-off neighborhood, the Latino or white kid rapping in perfect Afro patois, the unending faux pas committed by whites who assume that the non-whites they encounter are servants or tradespeople, the belief that non-white colleagues are less qualified persons hired to fulfill affirmative action guidelines...When our racial expectations are violated, our reactions can betray our "preconceived notions of a racialized social structure". There are many racial projects dispersed throughout society that "mediate between discursive or representational means in which race is identified and signified on the one hand, and the institutional and organizational forms in which is it routinized and standardized on the other".

2044308410362404473

Q3013449

Dane De La Rosa Career Prior to playing professionally, De La Rosa attended Elsinore High School in Wildomar, California and then Riverside Community College. Texas Rangers He was originally drafted in the 34th round of the 2001 amateur draft by Texas Rangers, however he opted to go to college instead. New York Yankees He was then drafted by the New York Yankees in the 24th round of the 2002 amateur draft and began his professional career the following season.He played for the GCL Yankees in 2003, going 0–0 with a 3.00 ERA in five games (one start), striking out 12 and allowing only five hits in nine innings. In 2004, he pitched for the GCL Yankees and Staten Island Yankees, going a combined 2–0 with a 2.75 ERA in 15 games (one start). Despite posting a sub-3.00 ERA, he was released by the Yankees after the 2004 season. Yuma Scorpions In 2005, De La Rosa went 1–6 with a 6.45 ERA in 23 games (10 starts) with the independent Yuma Scorpions of the Golden Baseball League. He did not play in 2006. Long Beach Armada In 2007, De La Rosa began the season with the Golden Baseball League's Long Beach Armada, serving as the team's closer and going 2–4 with a 3.69 ERA and 16 saves in 39 appearances. Milwaukee Brewers He was signed by the Milwaukee Brewers in September of that year and appeared in one game for the Helena Brewers. Overall, he went a combined 2–4 with a 3.54 ERA in 40 games in 2007, striking out 56 batters in 48 1/3 innings. Orange County Flyers De La Rosa was back in independent baseball in 2008, pitching for the Golden Baseball League's Orange County Flyers and going 2–2 with a 4.41 ERA in 32 appearances, saving 14 games and striking out 40 in 34 2/3 innings. El Paso Diablos, Victoria Seals, Southern Maryland Blue Crabs In 2009, he pitched for three teams, the El Paso Diablos of the independent American Association, the Victoria Seals of the Golden Baseball League and the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the independent Atlantic League. He went 2–5 with a 5.25 ERA in 33 games (six starts) that year, striking out 69 batters in 60 innings. Tampa Bay Rays He signed with the Tampa Bay Rays for the 2010 season, pitching for the Charlotte Stone Crabs and Montgomery Biscuits. He went a combined 9–3 with a 2.01 ERA in 49 relief appearances, striking out 80 batters in 76 innings. He spent most of 2011 in the minor leagues, pitching for the Triple-A Durham Bulls, going 6-5 with a 3.20 ERA in 52 relief appearances and striking out 83 batters in 70.1 innings. He was promoted to the major leagues partway through the season and made his big league debut on July 20. He pitched in seven big league games that year, posting a 9.82 ERA with eight strikeouts in 7.1 innings.De La Rosa spent the majority of 2012 in the minor leagues as well, with a major league cup of coffee during the season. He pitched in 54 games for the Bulls, going 0-4 with 87 strikeouts, 20 saves and a 2.79 ERA in 67.2 innings. At the major league level, he had a 12.60 ERA in five games for the Rays. Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim acquired De La Rosa from Tampa Bay on March 27, 2013, in exchange for Steve Geltz. He was called up to the majors after an injury to Jered Weaver. He was outrighted to the Salt Lake Bees on August 29, 2014. De La Rosa elected free agency in October 2014. Baltimore Orioles On January 26, 2015, De La Rosa signed a minor league deal with the Orioles. During his time with the Orioles he pitched for their AAA affiliate the Norfolk Tides, where he pitched 10.1 innings, compiling a 4.35 ERA with 7 strikeouts. Retirement On June 26, 2015, De La Rosa announced his retirement from baseball after four seasons. Comeback On June 13, 2017, De La Rosa signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He was released on July 8, 2017.

400549673185503021

Q5318627

Dying Earth genre Genre The Dying Earth genre differs from the apocalyptic subgenre in that it deals not with catastrophic destruction, but with entropic exhaustion of the Earth. The genre was prefigured by the works of the Romantic movement. Jean-Baptiste Cousin de Grainville's Le Dernier Homme (1805) narrates the tale of Omegarus, the Last Man on Earth. It is a bleak vision of the future when the Earth has become totally sterile. Lord Byron's poem "Darkness" (1816) shows Earth after the Sun has died.Another early example is La Fin du Monde (The End of the World, aka Omega: the last days of the world), written by Camille Flammarion and published in France in 1893. The first half of the novel deals with a comet on a collision course with earth in the 25th century. The last half focuses on Earth's future history, where civilizations rise and fall, humans evolve, and finally Earth ends as an old, dying, and barren planet.H. G. Wells's 1895 novella The Time Machine utilizes Dying Earth imagery. At the end of the novel, the unnamed time traveller travels into the far future, where there are only a few living things on a dying Earth. Two brooding works by William Hope Hodgson would elaborate on Wells's vision. The House on the Borderland (1908) takes place in a house besieged by unearthly forces. The narrator then travels (without explanation and perhaps psychically) into a distant future in which humanity has died and then even further, past the death of Earth. Hodgson's The Night Land (1912) describes a time, millions of years in the future, when the Sun has gone dark. The last few millions of the human race are gathered together in a gigantic metal pyramid, the Last Redoubt (probably the first arcology in literature), under siege from unknown forces and Powers outside in the dark.A work by the early French science fiction author J.-H. Rosny aîné, La Mort de la Terre (1910), deals with the last, scattered generation of an evolved humankind on an exhausted, desert earth and their encounter with a new type of mineral-metallic life. In some ways it reads like the inversion of his earlier Les Xipéhuz (1887), in which early humans encounter and battle an utterly alien and incomprehensible form of life.From the 1930s onwards, Clark Ashton Smith wrote a series of stories situated in Zothique, the last continent of Earth. Smith said in a letter to L. Sprague de Camp, dated November 3, 1953:Zothique, vaguely suggested by Theosophic theories about past and future continents, is the last inhabited continent of earth. The continents of our present cycle have sunken, perhaps several times. Some have remained submerged; others have re-risen, partially, and re-arranged themselves.The science and machinery of our present civilization have long been forgotten, together with our present religions. But many gods are worshipped; and sorcery and demonism prevail again as in ancient days. Oars and sails alone are used by mariners. There are no fire-arms—only the bows, arrows, swords, javelins, etc. of antiquity.Although not technically set on a dying Earth, many of the sword and planet stories of the early twentieth century set on Mars—most notably Edgar Rice Burroughs's Barsoom series and works influenced by it, such as the Eric John Stark stories of Leigh Brackett and C.L. Moore's series focusing on Northwest Smith—share similarities with the genre. In these stories, ancient and exotic Martian (or other) civilizations have undergone a decadent decline, enlivened by the presence of demonic adversaries from past ages.Under the influence of Smith, Jack Vance wrote the short story collection The Dying Earth. The collection had several sequels and gave the subgenre its name.

12673709108663826264

Q28861534

Steven M. Paul Steven M. Paul is an American neuroscientist and pharmaceutical executive. As of 2011 he had authored about 500 papers and book chapters, and according to ISI was among the fifty most-cited scientists in the field of neuroscience between 1980 and 2000. Education and training Paul received his undergraduate degree at Tulane University in 1972 and obtained a master's and MD degree there in 1975. He spent a year as a resident in psychiatry at the University of Chicago before joining the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1976. He is a 1968 graduate of Homewood-Flossmoor High School in Flossmoor, Ill. Career At NIMH, he joined the laboratory of Julius Axelrod. In 1982, Paul and his colleague, Phil Skolnick, published their discovery that the ethyl ester of beta carboline-3-carboxylic acid (beta-CCE) triggered anxiety in people; the work was recognized as an example of the growing ability of neuroscientists to understand the biochemistry of emotions. In 1989, he was the senior scientist on a paper published in Nature that undercut the claim that mutations in a gene on chromosome 11 caused bipolar disorder, which previously had been hailed as evidence that studies of genetics would lead to definitive biomarkers for mental illnesses. Around this time, he became the scientific director of intramural research at NIMH.Paul moved to Eli Lilly and Company in 1993 as vice president for central nervous system discovery research and decision-phase medical research. He was described by a New York Times reporter in 1996 as being "one of those at the forefront of the development of the coming breed of psychiatric medications." In 1998 he was named group vice president, therapeutic area discovery research and clinical investigation, and by 2003 he was Lilly's executive vice president for science and technology and president of Lilly Research Laboratories. He helped organize cooperation and funding from pharmaceutical companies in establishing the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a non-proprietary collaborative research effort to establish imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.In the early 2000s, Paul helped lead the company toward a new model of drug discovery and development that focused on getting proof of concept as early as possible in the research process, in order to avoid failures in Phase II clinical trials. As part of that effort he helped establish Lilly Chorus, an autonomous business unit that was created to design and execute studies that would allow drug candidates to "fail early" instead of lingering in a company's pipeline. While at Lilly, he oversaw drug development of Cymbalta and Zyprexa. He also led Lilly's work on Alzheimer's drugs, which however dramatically failed in Phase III clinical trials. He also led the expansion of Lilly's presence in New York City through the expansion of ImClone Systems into new research space, and established a research center in San Diego, the third biggest biotechnology hub in the US, after San Francisco and Boston.He retired from Lilly in 2010, and joined the faculty of the Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City. In 2010 he also joined Third Rock Ventures as a venture partner. In October 2011, through Third Rock, he co-founded Sage Therapeutics with his long-term collaborator Douglas Covey of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; the company aimed to discover and develop drugs that were allosteric modulators of receptors in the brain, like the NMDA receptor. In September 2014, he took over as a CEO of Voyager Therapeutics, which he had helped found earlier that year; the company aimed to develop gene therapy drugs for rare CNS diseases. Boards and memberships Paul is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Medicine.As of 2017 he was on the board of directors for Butler University, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, and the Eli Lilly & Co. Foundation. As of 2017 he was also on the board of directors of Alnylam, SAGE Therapeutics, Tal Medical, Sigma-Aldrich, Karuna Therapeutics, Voyager Therapeutics, Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Seaside Therapeutics, the Biotechnology Industry Organization, and DemeRx.

9674160984013276238

Q733942

Grafton Elliot Smith Honours and awards Smith was decorated by the Khedive of Egypt, Abbas Hilmy in 1909 with an Insignia of the Third Class of the Imperial Ottoman Order of the Osmaniah. He became Fellow of the Royal Society in 1907, FRCP, cross of the French Legion of Honour, and was knighted in 1934. In 1912 he received the Royal Medal of the Royal Society, in 1930 the Honorary Gold Medal of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1936 the Huxley Memorial Medal from the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. European hypothesis British anthropologists Arthur Keith and Grafton Elliot Smith both supported the European origin of humankind as opposed to models of Asian and African origin. In several of his works, Smith argued that Europe was the cradle of humanity, identifying a European Mediterranean race as the occupants of the original home of modern humans. His cradle was large, as he claimed the Mediterranean race had occupied the Levant, Egypt and western Europe, including the British Isles. He especially linked the Mediterranean race to the civilization of Egypt. Smith's arguments later became known as his theory of diffusionism. According to Smith and William James Perry, Egypt was the source of all cultural innovations and the ultimate source of human civilization.According to Smith, "Man did not become truly erect until his brain had developed in a very particular way to make it possible for him to use his hands". That line of reasoning reinforced the European origin of human, which Smith and Keith supported, as the mostly large brained specimens such as the Cro-Magnon had been found in Europe. Hyperdiffusionism The term 'hyperdiffusionism' seems to have been coined by the British archaeologist Glyn Daniel in his book The Idea of Prehistory (1962) with a somewhat derogatory intention. It was intended to represent extremes of diffusionism, a theme popular in early 20th century archaeology that itself has been subject to criticism. Smith believed that all megalithic phenomena, whether in Northwestern Europe, India, Japan or Mesoamerica, had originated in Ancient Egypt. "Small groups of people, moving mainly by sea, settled at certain places and there made rude imitations of the Egyptian monuments of the Pyramid Age." (Smith 1911, ix). Smith believed in a direct diffusion to Syria, Crete, East Africa, Southern Arabia and Sumer, and other areas were influenced by secondary diffusion. The Neolithic culture of Europe was derived from Egypt as well, according to Smith. He even interpreted a mummy from a Torres Strait island as definitely being indicative of an Egyptian influence. The concept of hyperdiffusionism is now referred to by more neutral terms (when referring to the Americas) such as Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact.Smith interpreted a small carving detail in Copán stela B as an elephant, an animal unknown in the New World. Alfred Maudslay had described the detail as being a stylized tapir. Smith argued that the carving shows an elephant with a mahout atop it. He went on to point out many Asian features in the sculpture in his book Elephants and ethnologists (1924). History In the age of Colonialism, hyperdiffusionism proved attractive, as it showed how missionaries, engineers and prospectors had spread civilisation all over the earth, as the colonial nations believed that they were doing themselves.Later on, hyperdiffusionism supplied a single simple explanation of the complex process of neolithisation that made it attractive to amateur archaeologists worldwide. It could be used to retain a Eurocentric view on history in the face of increasing evidence for impressive autochthonous development, such as in Zimbabwe (Great Zimbabwe), Polynesia (Easter Island), and Micronesia (Nan Madol on the island of Pohnpei).Now, it is widely believed that the megalithic graves of Britain, Ireland, France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark, northern Germany, and Poland are much older than the Egyptian pyramids, and the Mesoamerican pyramids are more recent and considered to be local cultural innovations. Private life His father had migrated to New South Wales from London. He had attended a working men's college under John Ruskin and later became a teacher and headmaster in Grafton, New South Wales. His older brother (Stephen H. Smith) was later Director of Education in New South Wales; his younger brother (Stewart Arthur Smith) was Acting Professor of Anatomy at the University of Sydney.He married Kathleen Macreadie in 1902 just before moving to Cairo. During his time in London, he lived variously in Hampstead, Gower Street, and at Regent's Park. During his London years, he became a friend of Dr. W. H. R. Rivers.Smith's youngest son, Stephen Smith, died in an accident in 1936. Smith spent his final year in a nursing home in London.Grafton Smith died on New Year's Day 1 January 1937 at Broadstairs in Kent.

12239391935607368661

Q85405

Paul Uhlenhuth Career and research Starting with the a significant discovery by Emil von Behring that animals inoculated with diphtheria toxin formed defensive substances in their blood serum. These defensive substances were named precipitins. Other scientists principally Jules Bordet tried devising serums against other infectious agents; They found that the precipitins were specific to the antagonist injected. In 1900, building off Bordet's work, Uhlenhuth injected hen's blood into rabbits, then he mixed serum from the rabbit with egg white. The egg proteins separated (precipitated) from the mixture. He was able to conclude that the blood of different species of animals contained unique proteins. These discoveries extended to being able to differentiate human blood from animal blood.Fellow scientist, Otto Beumer, professor of forensic medicine at the University of Greifswald and the coroner of Greifswald, learned of Uhlenhuth's work and joined him in perfecting the detection of human blood in dried bloodstains that were months or years old.His new technique was first used in the case of four children who had been murdered and dismembered in the town of Göhren on the Baltic island of Rügen in 1898 and 1901. The suspect in both cases, Ludwig Tessnow claimed in 1901 that the stains on his clothing were either cattle's blood or wood stain from his occupation as a carpenter. Due to advances in forensic technology, in which one could differentiate blood from other stains such as wood dye, investigators were able to prove otherwise. Tessnow was executed for his crime in 1904. Uhlenhuth was nominated 40 times for the Nobel Prize in Medicine between 1910 and 1952, notably by Nobel laureate Karl Landsteiner.In 1915 Uhlenhoth was co-discoverer of Leptospira interrogans strain RGA, a cause of Weil's disease, a severe form of leptospirosis characterized by epistaxis, jaundice, chills, fever, muscle pain, and hepatomegaly, it was one of the many ailments to afflict soldiers involved in the trench warfare of World War I.In 1942 he was awarded the Emil von Behring prize, which is awarded every two years by the University of Marburg for outstanding achievements in immunology, serum therapy and chemotherapy. Uhlenhuth had multiple articles published in peer reviewed journals and was an active researcher in various areas of bacteriology and immunology including research into chemotherapy and syphilis. Paul Ehrlich, winner of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Medicine, was an associate of Uhlenhuth.After he retired from his chair at the University of Freiburg in 1936, he led his own research institute in Freiburg, originally known as the State Research Laboratory. The institute was established with financial support from the German Research Council and was led by Uhlenhuth until his death in 1957 at the age of nearly 88. In the early 1950s, the institute became part of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Freiburg. Uhlenhuth was a lifelong monarchist and was generally known by the title Geheimrat, which he had been awarded during the monarchy. From the 1930s he took an interest in building cooperation with Japanese medical scientists. Paul Uhlenhuth and Nazi Germany Uhlenhuth's activities in the Third Reich cast a deep shadow on his scientific achievements. According to Ernst Klee's Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945 - one of the most respected and reliable sources on the topic of individual Nazi involvement in the Third Reich - in April 1933 Uhlenhuth actively supported the firing of his Jewish colleagues and six years later, in 1939, he joined the ranks of the NSDAP. Later, the scientist's picture gets even darker: in 1944 Paul Uhlenhuth contacted the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces in Nazi Germany) to obtain their consent to carry out medical experiments on non-white prisoners of war. Those experiments involved immunisation trials and blood tests on members of other than white ethnic groups.The latest publications about Uhlenhuth's activities under the Nazi Regime in 1933-1945 led to the re-naming of streets honouring his name in both Freiburg and in his hometown of Hannover.

7969975718335946207

Q27981161

Brandon del Pozo Education Born in the Bensonhurst neighborhood of the New York borough of Brooklyn to a Cuban father and Jewish mother, del Pozo graduated from Stuyvesant High School in New York then subsequently earned a bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College. He then earned a master's degree in public administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. While at the Kennedy School, he was a 9/11 Public Service Fellow, in recognition of the sacrifices made by first responders on that day. He also holds master's degrees in Criminal Justice and Philosophy from John Jay College and the City University of New York Graduate Center, respectively. Career Citing the challenges of policing in the United States, del Pozo came to Burlington with a desire to improve police services in the city as a model for progress in the profession. His appointment was contested by some locals due to his prior work with the New York Police Department (NYPD) and an article about racial profiling he published in a peer-reviewed law journal in 2002. After a public discussion of this work of scholarship and his views, his nomination was unanimously approved by the Burlington City Council. In the winter of 2016, after a Burlington police officer killed Phil Grenon, a man who attacked the police with knives at the end of a prolonged standoff, del Pozo began a program to improve outcomes in the use of force, piloting the Police Executive Research Forum's (PERF) new force guidelines and curriculum and introducing new tactics and technologies that avert physical confrontations. The Reveal, a show syndicated by American Public Media, produced a segment taking a close look at the incident and its aftermath: "When Tasers Fail." In January 2017, del Pozo traveled to Wisconsin with a small group of police chiefs to brief Speaker of the House Paul Ryan on PERF's efforts.Opioid abuse and dependency have been a concern for the city and its police in light of the state of Vermont's wider struggles with opioid addiction. Burlington mayor Miro Weinberger directed del Pozo to create and implement a strategy for addressing its effects that focuses on public health rather than law enforcement and uses data and collaboration as cornerstones of the approach. Shortly after taking on the leadership of the Burlington Police Department, del Pozo began a wide-ranging initiative. He directed all patrol officers to carry Naloxone, the overdose reversal drug, and assisted the mayor's office with the creation of the city's Opioid Policy Coordinator. Based out of the police department, the coordinator vets police work for better public health outcomes and assists the city in formulating policies, directives and public engagements to help free the city from the grip of opioid abuse. Del Pozo has been known to personally meet with and try to help members of the community suffering from addiction. He has also been vocal about the need for all people suffering from opioid addiction to have prompt access to the medications proven to treat it, including all prisoners, and he adopted a policy where his department would not arrest people for unprescribed possession of buprenorphine. Del Pozo serves on the board of trustees of the Howard Center, Vermont's largest addiction and mental health service provider. In 2018, as the rest of Vermont saw a 20% increase in opioid overdose deaths, Burlington's county saw a 50% decline in these deaths, to their lowest levels since 2013, when the state began keeping records. An advocate for greater transparency in policing and government, del Pozo created a police data transparency portal where he discloses a range of raw and processed data about the work of the Burlington Police under a quote by legal philosopher Jeremy Waldron: "In a democracy, the accountable agents of the people owe the people an account of what they have been doing, and a refusal to provide this is simple insolence." He has spoken at the Obama White House to an audience of police leaders on the value of the practice as part of efforts to implement the recommendations of the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing. During his tenure, the police department has made concerted efforts to diversify its rank and file, with moderate success.Del Pozo frequently uses social media as a means of engagement and has used Facebook and Twitter to defend his officers from allegations of brutality and corruption that he asserts were unfounded. He has also used it to national viral effect to raise awareness about the challenges of the opioid crisis, appearing on CNN and WBUR Boston's "On Point" to discuss his approach. It has raised questions about the use of these platforms in policing and government.In April 2017, del Pozo took to Facebook criticizing Attorney General Jeff Sessions while defending the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (or JAG). He argued against the Trump Administration's immigration policy stating “I don’t care what a person’s immigration status is, I want them to call the police to report crimes in their neighborhood and not be scared of the consequences. We hold up our end of the deal by keeping routine immigration enforcement out of it.” In May 2016, the PERF awarded del Pozo its Gary Hayes Memorial Award for his innovation and leadership. He is also an executive fellow at the Washington, D.C.-based Police Foundation, a "national, independent non-profit organization dedicated to advancing policing through innovation and science."New York Times editor and book critic Dwight Garner characterized del Pozo as "thoughtful and sane." He is presently writing a book about police work for Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Personal life Del Pozo married Sarah Carnevale in 2002. They moved to Burlington from the village of Cold Spring, New York. He wrote and directed a narrative short film, Sunday 1287, which screened at the Middlebury and Vermont International Film Festivals. The film was based on a crime he investigated while commanding a precinct in the New York borough of the Bronx. In 2018, he suffered multiple serious injuries in a bicycle accident, was evacuated to an intensive care unit by helicopter, and went on to recover and return to full duty in his role. An outdoors enthusiast, he has climbed New Hampshire's 48 highest mountains, completed the Lake Placid Half Ironman and other triathlons, and written for publications about cycling and climbing.

15837847427748458198

Q517720

Faye Gulini Early life Gulini started riding at a ski resort at Snowbird, in her home state when she was nine years old. Her siblings Erin, Zachary and Nate were the ones that originally got her into snowboarding. Her hobbies include rock climbing, skateboarding and camping. She likes soccer, wakeboarding and swimming in lakes and in the ocean. Career At the age of 10, Gulini joined the Snowbird Snowboard Team. Her first snowboard cross event was at age 10 in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. At age 14, she decided to pursue her dream of becoming a professional snowboarder. Gulini moved from her house and her family in Salt Lake City, Utah, to Vail, Colorado where she attended the Vail Ski and Snowboard Academy.Gulini debuted on FIS races on December 15, 2006 in the halfpipe discipline at age 14. The race was located in Breckenridge, Colorado. After many good performances, Gulini won her first FIS event on January 27, 2008 in the slopestyle discipline. The race was held in Park City, Utah. 2008 - 2010 Her first World Cup appearance was in Lake Placid, New York, where she competed in the snowboard cross discipline. The event was held on March 1, 2008 and she finished in the 30th position. Seven months later she ended in the 9th position in the World Cup held in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. With several great performances in the years 2009 and 2010, Gulini landed the results needed for a spot in the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2010 Winter Olympics In her first experience in a Winter Olympic, Gulini made it through the qualification round ending in 12th place with a time of 1:30.75 that was scored on her first run. Later on she was eliminated in the quarterfinals and ended in the 12th place overall. 2011 After the Olympics, Gulini ended in 2nd place in the FIS Junior World Championship held in Cardrona, New Zealand in the snowboard cross discipline. She started 2011 on her right foot and riding well enough to take a spot in the FIS Snowboard World Championships in both snowboard cross and slopestyle. Gulini also finished 9th in 2011 Winter X Games. Unfortunately, in March of that year, Gulini tore her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in her right knee which sidelined her for nine months. 2012 - 2013 After recovering from her knee injury, Gulini returned in 2012 scoring a 2nd place at the Canyons Resort Sprint U.S. Grand Prix. On March 25, 2012, she ended in 4th place in the FIS Junior World Championship held in Sierra Nevada, Spain. With several great performances in over six World Cups in 2013, she was able to qualify for the World Cup held in the olympic venue in Sochi, Russia where she finished in the 8th position. Three weeks later, Gulini won the 2013 Canyons Resort Sprint U.S. Grand Prix in snowboard cross with a time of 1:12.67. In the same year she was moved from the US Snowboarding Team B to the US Snowboarding Team A. 2014 Winter Olympics With her great performances, Gulini secured a place in the 2014 Winter Olympics held in Sochi, Russia. She competed in the snowboard cross discipline on February 16, 2014. Her seeding time was 1:23.96. In the elimination round, Gulini made it through the quarterfinals by ending 3rd in her race. Later on she ended 3rd in the semifinals, which gave her the chance to participate in an olympic big final for the first time ever. Gulini ended in the 4th place overall making it her best appearance in a Winter Olympic. 2014 Gulini's first 2014 event was the World Cup held in Andorra. A week after the 2014 Winter Olympics, she travelled to Ontario, Canada to help coach the Oakley Progression Sessions. The event was held in the Blue Mountain Ski Resort on the first weekend of March. On April 1, 2014, Gulini travelled to Washington to assist the U.S. Olympic Committee's Best of U.S. Awards Show held on the next day at the Warner Theatre. Later that week she met President Barack Obama and the First Lady Michelle Obama at The White House. 2017 On December 16, 2017, Gulini rode to a second place podium spot in snowboardcross World Cup in Montafon. It was her first ever career podium.

7064712821228774999

Q7953006

WMPH History Jesse Morris, Class of 1968, was running for the Mount Pleasant Senior High School student council. On the Morris Ticket was the proposal for a student-run low power radio station. The radio station was initially proposed in May 1967 prior to the student council election. The student council election was held on May 20, 1967. Jesse Morris was elected Student Council President for the Class of 1968. On May 23, Robert Huber (also Class of 1968) was appointed radio station manager and project coordinator. The school administration were helpful and supportive of this ambitious project. On February 19, 1968, the Mount Pleasant Board of Education submitted the FCC application. The FCC issued a non-commercial FM low power educational radio station construction permit to the school board on October 15, 1968. This was the first permit of its kind to be granted for the State of Delaware. WMPH radio first signed on the air October 1, 1969. The faculty advisor was Ron Webster under the direction of school district administrator Jack Vinokur.WMPH began broadcasting with 1.52 watts effective radiated power from a tower atop the school. In 1975 the station increased its output to 28.2 watts ERP. WMPH reaches over a half million potential listeners in Wilmington Delaware and surrounding communities. In 1980 the station increased its output to 100 watts ERP and replaced its horizontally polarized antenna with a circularly polarized antenna for better reception on car radios. Located at Mount Pleasant High School and part of the Brandywine School District, WMPH currently broadcasts at 100 watts ERP and serves as part of the Broadcast Learning Center of Mount Pleasant High School.WMPH was known as "The Non-Commercial Rock Station" during its heyday in the 1970s with a Top 40 and Progressive Rock format. The station was entirely operated by Mount Pleasant High School students many of whom went on to careers in the radio broadcasting industry. Original studios were in the basement of the high school. The station kept broadcasting hours before the school day with announcers such as "The Dutchman" Guy VanderLek and "Big Al" Ingalls. After the school day the station would sign back on at 3 PM with more student announcers including Joy VanderLek (who went on to be an air talent at Connecticut Radio Network), Bruce Weiner, Stephen D. Streiker, David Mackenzie, Steve Balick, Leigh Jacobs, and Mike Schwartz (to name a very few). Well known Broadway actor John Dossett was an announcer (1972–1976) while he attended Mount Pleasant.The radio station was dark (off the air) from 1990-1993. The school district actually forfeited the FCC broadcast license and nearby West Chester University was trying to obtain it. Clint Dantinne gave a proposal to the superintendent to resurrect the defunct station. Had he not interceded at that time, WMPH would have been closed permanently. Under his management, WMPH returned to the air March 1, 1993. It was at this time he chose 'Super 91.7' as the new slogan. Clint Dantinne founded the Broadcast Learning Center incorporating radio, television, film club, recording studio, puppets, newspaper, and web team at Mount Pleasant High School. Dantinne remained the faculty manager until the end of the 2010 school year.WMPH has always been located at Mount Pleasant High School (Wilmington, Delaware) on the corner of Washington Street Extension and Marsh Road with the exception of the 1995-1996 school year. The entire building was renovated and the radio studios were temporarily moved to a trailer at the Claymont Education Center.During the past 40 years, the station had been a training ground for many aspiring broadcasters. Alumni include WSTW's Mike Rossi (inducted in the Mount Pleasant Hall of Fame under real name William Schwartz on October 28, 2011) and Clear Channel Radio executive Leigh Jacobs. Dave Mays, DJ for MTV Spring Break and Sirius Satellite Radio, first learned the trade at WMPH in the 90s. WMPH was also one of two non-commercial stations owned by school districts in the United States that programmed a continuous Dance music format, KNHC/Seattle, Washington is the other. The new WMPH has switched formats to include a wider array of programming including classic/progressive rock, alternative, jazz, and various student/district related functions including interviews, sports, and band/choral concert events.The 40th anniversary of WMPH was celebrated on October 23, 2009 at the Mount Pleasant Hall of Fame induction ceremony. The event, held every two years around homecoming weekend, was celebrated at the nearby Brandywine Hundred Fire Company. The Mount Pleasant Hall of Fame CLASS OF 2009 inductees were Arthur Colbourn, John Crum, Carol Hoffecker, Rodney Lambert, John Jancuska, and WMPH founders Jesse Morris and Bob Huber. Dr. Jesse Morris was introduced by student Haley Hirzel and then his wife. Bob Huber was introduced by student Todd Hartsock. Teacher Kelli Bradley presented the plaque to our final inductee of the evening. Student Alex Sprague then introduced WMPH manager Clint Dantinne who gave a multimedia presentation.On June 11, 2010, WMPH went "silent" while a new manager was sought. During this transition period, the school district decided to refurbish the studios with a new look and brand new equipment. The broadcast operation returned nearly a year later on June 3, 2011. The new operation is under the direction and management of radio industry veteran Paul Lewis (Wishengrad) formerly of WJBR and BSD Information Systems Director, Pat Bush. The studio is under final renovations and went back on-air on June 3, 2011 with a Classic/Alternative Rock, Jazz and district/community program formats. WMPH shares the 91.7 frequency locally with Drexel University's WKDU to its north, West Chester University's WCUR to its northwest, and WRTI, Dover to its south.

13986613911657686626

Q3388574

Pin Up Girl (film) Plot Lorry Jones (Betty Grable) is working as a hostess at the local USO canteen in "Missoula, Missouri," where she performs as a singer and signs photographs of herself for adoring soldiers.It is her job to keep them happy and routinely accept every marriage proposal. One of her suitors, Marine Sergeant George Davis (Roger Clark), does not realize she has no real intention of marrying him.Meanwhile, Lorry and her best friend, Kay Pritchett (Dorothea Kent), have accepted jobs as stenographers in Washington, D.C., but they tell the soldiers that they are going on a USO tour.The night before leaving for Washington, D.C., they go out partying in New York City. Upon arriving in the city by train, they are welcomed by Navy hero Tommy Dooley (John Harvey), who fought at the Battle of Guadalcanal.That night, they try to get into the Club Chartreuse, but are not allowed to go in without escorts. Lorry does not want to leave and tells the lie that she is meeting Tommy and his friend, Dud Miller (Dave Willock), in the club. She is not aware that Tommy is the best friend of Eddie Hall (Joe E. Brown), the club's owner. When Eddie is told that Lorry and Kay are escorts of Tommy, he lavishes them with champagne.When Tommy and Dud arrive, Tommy thinks Eddie has set them up in blind dates with the girls. Dud believes the two women are actresses. Before Tommy can prove Dud wrong, Kay drunkenly tells them she and Lorry are in the Broadway musical Remember Me.Molly McKay (Martha Raye), star singer at the club, does not believe Kay, until Lorry, telling everyone her name is Laura Lorraine, performs a song without trouble. Lorry and Kay eventually spend their night dancing with Tommy and Dud and leave for Washington the next morning. The men lose the women's address by accident. Two weeks later, Lorry and Kay are insulted with not having heard from their beaus.Meanwhile, Lorry is bored with her life as a stenographer, until Tommy and Dud surprisingly show up in Washington. Lorry is assigned as his stenographer, but does not want him to find out her real career. She decides to disguise herself, so he will not recognize her as Laura.Lorry sets up a date between Tommy and "Laura." At their date, Tommy tells her he loves dating an actress. She is hurt and tells him she is going to give up her stage life. Tommy responds by offering her a job at Eddie's club. Molly is jealous when she finds out, but sees an opportunity to get rid of her when George comes to town and recognizes her as Lorry. She introduces George to Tommy, who is insulted when he hears the truth. When Lorry finds out what has happened, she tells George she has no intention of marrying him.Laura then dresses as stenographer Lorry and visits Tommy to beg him to give "Laura" another chance. Things do not go her way, however, so she reveals that she is both Lorry and Laura. Tommy eventually forgives her. Production and release In October 1942, Linda Darnell and Don Ameche were set to star. However, it was decided the movie would be made as a musical, thereby replacing Darnell by musical actress Betty Grable. She was seven months pregnant when the movie was completed.When Pin Up Girl was released, it received mixed reviews from critics. Variety wrote: "This is one of those escapist filmusicals which makes no pretenses at ultra-realism, and if you get into the mood fast that it's something to occupy your attention for an hour and a half. It's all very pleasing and pleasant." The New York Times criticized the script, stating it was a "spiritless blob of a musical." However, it praised Grable.

15819992053385831252

Q1286551

Jack Frost (1998 film) Plot Jack Frost is the lead singer in a rock band simply titled "The Jack Frost Band", based in the town of Medford, Colorado, who make their living performing blues covers and an assortment of their own songs in the hope of signing a record deal. He returns to his 11-year-old son Charlie, who has just returned from a snowball fight against local bully Rory Buck. After they build a snowman in their front yard, Jack gives him his best harmonica, which he got the day Charlie was born, jokingly telling him that it's magical, and he'll be able to hear it wherever he is. Jack promises his wife Gabby that he will attend his son's hockey game, but misses it in favor of recording "Don't Lose Your Faith". To make up for it, Jack then promises to take his family on a Christmas trip to the mountains, but is called in on a gig that could make or break his career. On his way there, Jack realizes his mistake and borrows his best friend (and keyboardist) Mac MacArthur's car to go home to his family. Unfortunately, Jack encounters a bad storm that, due to a faulty windshield wiper on Mac's car, he is unable to navigate through, and is killed in a crash (off-screen).A year later, Charlie, depressed over his father's death, withdraws from all contact with his friends. One night, Charlie makes another snowman that bears as much of a resemblance to Jack as he can remember and plays Jack's harmonica just before going to sleep. The harmonica turns out to be magical after all, as it resurrects Jack and his spirit awakens in the snowman. Thrilled to be alive again, Jack attempts to greet Charlie, but ends up terrifying him. The next morning, Charlie discovers Jack in his yard and attempts to run away from him. When Charlie winds up in the snowball battlefield, Jack pelts Rory and the other children with snowballs and escapes with Charlie on a sled. After losing them, Charlie realizes that the snowman is his father after Jack uses his nickname "Charlie boy". Jack reconnects with Charlie and teaches him the values that he never got to teach him when he was alive. After some hockey lessons, Jack convinces Charlie to rejoin the team instead of continuing to grieve over his death, becoming their best player. In the meantime, Mac continues to be a friend of the family, while also becoming a father figure to Charlie at Gabby's suggestion.As winter approaches its end, Jack begins melting and struggles to get to Charlie's hockey game. Afterwards, Charlie decides to take Jack to the mountains where it is colder, but has a difficult time convincing Gabby to do so. Charlie comes across Rory, who also insults the snowman by asking which is more stupid. After Jack speaks in front of Rory by correcting his last sentence, Rory then sympathizes with Charlie not having a father and helps him sneak Jack onto a truck en route to the mountains. Jack and Charlie arrive at the isolated cabin that the family was going to stay at before Jack's death. Jack calls Gabby, nonchalantly asking her to come to the cabin to pick up Charlie; Gabby is shocked, but recognizes his voice and obliges. Jack tells a disheartened Charlie that he has to leave. When his wife arrives, the snowman shell dissipates, revealing Jack in an ethereal form. Jack tells Charlie he will be with him wherever he goes and, after saying farewell and giving his love to both his wife and son, returns to the afterlife.In the closing moments of the film, Charlie plays hockey with his group of friends (which now includes Rory), while Gabby happily watches and Mac plays music on the piano. The final street scene shows that all the front lawns have snowmen on them. Box office Produced on an $85 million budget, the film took $7 million on its opening weekend.It went on to gross over $34.5 million in North America, becoming a box office flop. Production Both Joseph Cross and Mika Boorem starred together in the Touched by an Angel episode "Psalm 151." Plus, Cross and Michael Keaton appeared together in Desperate Measures, which was released the same year.

9538836625630789236

Q684116

Omnidirectional camera In photography, an omnidirectional camera (from "omni", meaning all), also known as 360-degree camera, is a camera having a field of view that covers approximately the entire sphere or at least a full circle in the horizontal plane.Omnidirectional cameras are important in areas where large visual field coverage is needed, such as in panoramic photography and robotics. Overview A camera normally has a field of view that ranges from a few degrees to, at most, 180°. This means that it captures, at most, light falling onto the camera focal point through a hemisphere. In contrast, an ideal omnidirectional camera captures light from all directions falling onto the focal point, covering a full sphere. In practice, however, most omnidirectional cameras cover only almost the full sphere and many cameras which are referred to as omnidirectional cover only approximately a hemisphere, or the full 360° along the equator of the sphere but excluding the top and bottom of the sphere. In the case that they cover the full sphere, the captured light rays do not intersect exactly in a single focal point.Various techniques can be used to generate 360-degree images. Cameras with one lens These models are used with a fisheye lens. The lens bends the angle of the shot to take a larger radius of the selected subject. It is not possible to take a complete 360-degree picture with this technique because there is always a dead angle directly behind the lens. Cameras with two lenses 360-degree cameras with two lenses are probably the most common type, as they can accommodate a full 360-degree angle with two lenses facing each other. A camera takes pictures and videos with an angle of just over 180 degrees, e.g. 220 degrees. These are then converted into a 360-degree object using software. Problems are often caused by stitching errors. This means that an incorrect combination of the images can result in an unclean cut edge that is difficult or impossible to remove. Cameras with more than two lenses Depending on the application, manufacturers use more than two camera lenses to produce the images. One of the first cameras was the throwing camera "Panono". It has 36 cameras, which are triggered at the same time at the highest point, if the camera was thrown into the air. The more lenses are installed in the camera, the more difficult it becomes for the software to combine the individual images. The possible stitching problems are less with a good stitching. Camera rigs Camera rigs are mostly used for the attachment of 6 conventional Actioncams. GoPro produced one of the first camera rigs. They are available in different versions and connect several single cameras. The cameras are placed in this cube and record the surroundings in all directions. Mosaic based cameras If several "normal" cameras are combined in a network, one speaks of mosaic-based cameras. Each of these cameras records a small area of the environment. The individual images are then joined together like mosaic stones to form an omnidirectional overall image. The number of cameras to be used depends on the focal length of the lenses used. The smaller the focal length, the larger the angle of view and the fewer cameras are required. Panoramic art Traditional approaches to panoramic photography mainly consists of stitching shots taken separately into a single, continuous image. The stitching of images, however, is computationally intensive (for example using the RANSAC iterative algorithm, commonly used to solve the correspondence problem), and depending upon the quality and consistency of the shots used, the resulting image might contain a number of deficiencies which impair the quality of the resulting image. In contrast, an omnidirectional camera can be used to create panoramic art in real time, without the need for post processing, and will typically give much better quality products.In 2015 Facebook began rolling out omnidirectional videos where the user can view the video at any arbitrary camera angle around a 360-degree radius and limited tilt up-and-down angles. Robotics and computer vision In robotics, omnidirectional cameras are frequently used for visual odometry and to solve simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problems visually. Due to its ability to capture a 360-degree view, better results can be obtained for optical flow and feature selection and matching. Miscellaneous Applications of omnidirectional cameras also include surveillance, when it is important to cover as large a visual field as possible. Microsoft RoundTable was introduced in 2007 for videoconferencing, where all participants on one location can be in the same image.

12691439735424972385

Q3961979

Sir Barton Early career Trained by former African American jockey William Walker, Sir Barton raced in Madden's colors in his first four starts of his two-year-old season, but none of those starts demonstrated the same speed and talent the colt would show in his workouts. In late August 1918, Madden sold the horse for a reported $10,000 to Canadian businessman and naval commander J. K. L. Ross. After some early success, Ross was growing his stable as part of an effort to commit more fully to racing. He owned farms in Vercheres, Quebec, where he established a breeding operation for his Canadian horses; and, in 1919, purchased Bolingbrook near Laurel, Maryland, for training and breeding his American stock.Ross placed Sir Barton in the hands of trainer H. Guy Bedwell. The colt made two more starts that year, finishing second in his last start, the 1918 Belmont Futurity. He contracted blood poisoning after a stablemate kicked him, opening a significant cut on his left hind leg. Bedwell personally nursed him through the illness, which sidelined Sir Barton for the rest of the year. Triple Crown At three, Sir Barton made his season debut as a maiden in the Kentucky Derby, ridden by jockey Johnny Loftus. Legend holds that he was supposed to be the rabbit (pacemaker) for his highly regarded stablemate, the gelding Billy Kelly, but that assumption is only partially true; in reality, Sir Barton was regarded at having a better chance of winning the Kentucky Derby than his stablemate Billy Kelly owing to both his weight allowance as a maiden as well as the fitness he had demonstrated in the preparations for the Run for the Roses. Sir Barton led the field of 12 horses from start to finish, winning the race by five lengths. The next day, Sir Barton was shipped to Baltimore to run in the Preakness Stakes. Again he led all the way, winning wire-to-wire and beating Eternal by four lengths. He then won the Withers Stakes in New York on May 24th and shortly thereafter completed the first Triple Crown in U.S. history by winning the Belmont Stakes, setting an American record for the mile and three-eighths race, the distance for the Belmont at the time. Sir Barton's four wins were accomplished in a space of just 32 days. He has been retroactively honored as the 1919 Horse of the Year. Three-Year-Old Season After his win in the Belmont, Sir Barton's next start was the Dwyer Stakes, where he faced Purchase, another highly rated three year old trained and owned by Sam Hildreth. On a muddy track, Sir Barton finished second, Purchase catching the Triple Crown winner in the race's final furlong. After the Dwyer, a bruised hoof necessitated a layoff for Sir Barton, who did not return to the races until mid-September. The remainder of his 1919 season saw him give stellar performances in races like the Maryland Handicap while also turning in a couple of puzzling losses, including the Autumn Handicap. He finished the year with $88,250, finishing just ahead of Man o' War in money won that year. 1920: four-year-old season As a four-year-old, Sir Barton won five of the 12 races he entered during the 1920 season. In one of these races, the Saratoga Handicap, he beat Exterminator. While carrying 133 pounds, Sir Barton set a world record for ​1 ³⁄₁₆ miles on dirt in winning the August 28, 1920 edition of the Merchants and Citizens Handicap. His match race on October 12 that year against Man o' War at Kenilworth Park in Windsor, Ontario, Canada is most remembered. Sir Barton, who suffered from hoof problems throughout his career, was unsuited for Kenilworth's hard surface, and was beaten by seven lengths. Retirement and stud In early 1921, controversy over H.G. Bedwell's support of disgraced jockey Cal Shilling forced Ross to fire Bedwell and to hire Henry McDaniel, a future U. S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee known for training Exterminator as a three-year-old. McDaniel attempted to prepare Sir Barton to race as a five-year-old, but worried that continued training would cause the Triple Crown winner to break down. Ross retired Sir Barton to stud that year and in August 1921 sold the champion to Montfort and B.B. Jones, who brought the chestnut son of Star Shoot to their Audley Farm in Berryville, Virginia, where he remained until 1932. In December 2008, a statue of Sir Barton was unveiled in front of Audley Farm's stallion barn. The statue, by American sculptor Jan Woods, was a gift from Erich von Baumbach, Jr., whose family has had an association with the farm for thirty years.Despite a lackluster stud career, Sir Barton sired the 1928 Kentucky Oaks winner and 1928 Champion Three Year Old Filly, Easter Stockings. He also sired Fort Thomas Handicap winner Nellie Custis. After Montfort Jones' death in 1927, B.B. Jones slowly exited the Thoroughbred racing industry; in 1932, Sir Barton became part of the U.S. Army Remount Service, first at Front Royal, Virginia and then, later that year, in Fort Robinson, Nebraska. Thoroughbred breeder and rancher J.R. Hylton received Sir Barton from the Remount Service and brought him to his ranch outside of Douglas, Wyoming.Sir Barton died of colic on October 30, 1937 and was buried on Hylton's ranch in the foothills of the Laramie Mountains. Later his remains were moved to Washington Park in Douglas, Wyoming, where a memorial was erected to honor America's first Triple Crown winner. Gordon Turner raised money for and orchestrated the move. Honors and awards Sir Barton was officially recognized by the Jockey Club as the first Triple Crown winner in 1948.Sir Barton and Star Shoot both have streets named in their honor in Lexington, Kentucky, in the Hamburg Pavilion shopping center area. Sir Barton Way runs from Winchester Road to Man O' War Boulevard; Star Shoot Parkway runs from the shopping center across Sir Barton Way to Liberty Road.Sir Barton was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1957. In the Blood-Horse magazine ranking of the top 100 U.S. thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century, he is no. 49.

16318912826306729737

Q7941914

Vortex Comics History Vortex was founded by 20-year-old high school dropout William P. "Bill" Marks of Toronto in 1982, with its first title being an anthology comic of the same name. Marks recalled, "[Comic books] had a lot of potential for growth that I could see. I could see a revolution happening. By this time Cerebus was doing extremely well. Elfquest was a runaway success in the bookstores and on the best-seller lists. Eclipse was just starting up and shortly thereafter Pacific Comics started to get quite big." Vortex received good distribution in both the U.S. and Canada, and the company proved to be a major force in Canadian comics publishing throughout the 1980s.Early issues of Vortex were edited by Marks himself (who later described them as "quite primitive") and received limited exposure. In 1983 Vortex redesigned their approach, employed Ken Steacy as editor, and added new titles like Mister X and Templeton's Stig's Inferno, as well as Templeton & Klaus Schoenefeld's Kelvin Mace and Matt Howarth's Those Annoying Post Bros. The first four issues of Mister X featured work by the Los Bros Jaime and Gilbert Hernandez.In 1986–1987, Vortex again expanded, adding titles such as Ted McKeever's Transit, Bill White's Kaptain Keen & Kompany, Howarth's Savage Henry, and the two-issue Peter Milligan series Paradax. More significantly, Vortex began publishing a full-sized version of Chester Brown's mini-comic Yummy Fur, bringing Brown's surreal, black-humor stories to a wider audience. In 1990, Yummy Fur was nominated for a Harvey Award (Special Award for Humor category). Around this time Vortex also began publishing book-length graphic novels and compilations.Hard times hit the comics industry in 1988, however, and Vortex, like many other small publishers, suffered. The company was able to launch a few new titles in 1988, most notably Howard Chaykin's erotic thriller Black Kiss. Black Kiss became one of the most controversial North American comics of the late 1980s, due to the comic having the sort of explicit scenes of sex and violence unseen in most comics published at the time. In addition, Vortex's printer at the time, Ronald's Printing, refused to print the book due to its content. To help retailers who had worries over selling what could be described as pornography, Vortex released the series sealed in a plastic bag. (This meant that casual browsers could not open the comic, or obviously see the internal content.) The publicity over Black Kiss didn't necessarily lead to strong sales, however, and by the end of 1988 Vortex's publishing schedule was erratic. Nonetheless, in January 1989, Vortex declared itself the third largest North American independent comic book publisher.Reflecting publisher Marks' interest in car racing, Vortex survived until 1994 with an odd mixture of alternative titles and NASCAR-themed comics. (In 1991 and 1992 Vortex sponsored the 'Rookie of the Year' award in NASCAR's Grand National series; the 1991 prize was won by future superstar Jeff Gordon.)In May 1994 Matt Howarth officially moved Those Annoying Post Bros. to rival publisher Aeon. Shakeups in the comics industry that year hit the small press hard, and Vortex was no exception. The last comic published by the company was Nocturnal Emissions #4, in March 1994. Vortex Words + Pictures After a brief career as a race car driver, publisher Marks went on to produce and direct numerous feature films. Vortex was re-branded by Marks in 2009 as Vortex Words + Pictures, and most recently Vortex has produced the George Hickenlooper film Casino Jack, starring Kevin Spacey, A Dark Truth with Andy Garcia and Forest Whitaker, Compulsion, starring Heather Graham (with cinematography by the legendary Vilmos Zsigmond), as well as Trailer Park Boys, and the indy hit Wolfcop.

15786933401792449690

Q5168742

Copper Kings The Copper Kings were the three industrialists William A. Clark, Marcus Daly, and F. Augustus Heinze. They were known for the epic battles fought in Butte, Montana, and the surrounding region, during the Gilded Age, over control of the local copper mining industry, the fight that had ramifications for not only Montana, but the United States as a whole.The battles between Clark, Daly, and Heinze, and later between just Heinze and industrialist financiers William Rockefeller and Henry H. Rogers are a large chapter in Montana history. Eventually, a company known as Anaconda Copper emerged as a monopoly, expanding into the fourth largest company in the world by the late 1920s. History While the cost of smelting the complex copper-bearing ore was high, after the American Civil War, investors like William Andrews Clark and Andrew Jackson Davis began to develop Butte's mines and erect mills to extract the silver and gold. The riches in the hills made Davis Montana's first millionaire.By 1876, Butte had become a prosperous silver camp with over 1,000 inhabitants. Marcus Daly arrived that year representing the Walker brothers, entrepreneurs from Salt Lake City. His mission was to inspect the Alice Mine for possible purchase by the brothers. Daly purchased the mine and successfully managed it for the Walkers. The town of Walkerville, which still overlooks the city of Butte, sprang up around the mine and other mines in the area.In 1880, Daly sold his interest in the Walkers' properties and bought the Anaconda Mine. He did so with investment money from several San Francisco capitalists, including George Hearst, the father of media mogul William Randolph Hearst. Davis also attracted investors from Denver and points east. It wasn't long before capitalists from New York City and Boston bought into the huge potential of the area.During the 1880s, copper mining came into the forefront and Butte became the world's greatest copper producer. The Union Pacific Railroad came to the area in 1881 allowing developers to build and equip smelters. The Butte smelters quickly became the best in the world at extracting the metal from the ore.It wasn't long before Butte began to pay a price for the riches. The air filled with toxic sulfurous smoke. Daly responded by building a giant smelter in Anaconda, just 30 miles west of Butte. To this day, the giant smokestack remains a landmark. Shortly after Daly built the smelter, the Boston and Montana Co., with holdings second only to Daly's, built one in Great Falls. After complications with the Great Northern, Daly built his own railroad to transport ore from his mines to the smelter. Trains carried the ore from Butte's mines to both smelters.Clark also yearned to be a statesman and used his newspaper, the Butte Miner, to push his political ambitions. He became a hero in Helena, Montana, by campaigning for its election as the state capital instead of Anaconda. Clark's long-standing dream of becoming a United States Senator resulted in scandal in 1899, when it was revealed that he bribed members of the Montana State Legislature in return for their votes. At the time, U.S. Senators were chosen by their respective state legislators. The U.S. Senate refused to seat Clark because of the 1899 bribery scheme, but a later Senate campaign was successful, and he served a single, undistinguished term from 1901 until 1907.In 1899, Daly teamed up with two principals of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil, William Rockefeller and Henry H. Rogers to create the giant Amalgamated Copper Mining Co., one of the largest trusts of the early Twentieth Century. (Neither Standard Oil nor John D. Rockefeller were directly involved). To stir the mix, another Copper King, F. Augustus Heinze, fought the dominance of Amalgamated, providing excitement to an already interesting chapter in Montana's legal history.Marcus Daly died in 1900. John D. Ryan, a local banker, became close to Margaret Daly after her husband's death, and finally convinced Heinze to sell out, creating the monopoly Amalgamated sought. By 1910, it had changed its name to the Anaconda Copper Mining Company swallowing several smaller mining companies along the way. The Company dominated Butte for the next 74 years.

15329171434098047403

Q7033812

Nighthawk Custom History Nighthawk was formed in 2004 when some of the gunsmiths who worked for Wilson Combat left to focus exclusively on custom pistols. Both companies are located in Berryville. Mark Stone is a founder and the owner of Nighthawk Custom. Nighthawk has been praised highly for its quality and customer service.Over the years, Nighthawk gunsmiths have used their skills to grow from only building 1911 pistols to now also making custom shotguns, knives, and an improved version of the Browning Hi-Power. Nighthawk also has a fully functioning machine shop that produces the parts, which are used to build their high-end firearms. Nighthawk Custom Nighthawk Custom specializes in offering reliable and accurate pistols made for all varieties of shooting. The range includes the Talon, Dominator and Predator lines. The Talon has three varieties, the Talon 5", Talon II and the Talon II with Bobtail. All pistols in the Custom range are fully customizable from finishes to sights to grip design. The pistols are finished using a Nitride coating due to its durability and they range in price from $3000 to $7000. Richard Heinie models Richard Heinie, a respected figure in the M1911 community had requested Nighthawk to build a range of his renowned pistols under his supervision. This partnership arose when Heinie witnessed some of Nighthawk's pistols at a shooting event and was impressed with the quality and workmanship. The Heinie range comprises the Lady Hawk, PDP and Tactical Carry. These are not as customizable as the normal Custom range; however, they are still made to the same high standard. The Lady Hawk is aimed at females and has a thinner grip and fire the less powerful 9×19 mm round instead of the standard .45 ACP. Nighthawk Tactical The Tactical branch of Nighthawk specializes in military and home defense products rather than collectible or competition pistols. The range covers a small selection of pistols and their Overseer line of tactical shotguns.The GRP or Global Response Pistol is the main pistol in the Tactical product offering. It is a base model that offers the accuracy and reliability of the highest end Nighthawk pistol, but does not include some of the additional high-end upgrades that are available from Nighthawk. Nighthawk states that their Enforcer pistol is considered to be Nighthawk's flagship in their tactical line of handguns. This handgun has been designed and built to address several weak points in the M1911 handgun. Its unique 'features' include a plunger tube that is integral to the handgun frame, a magazine-well that is also integral, and a slide stop that has been cut flush with the frame. The other top seller in the Tactical pistol line is the Shadowhawk. Resulting from a collaboration with Steve Fisher, the Shadowhawk has many upgrades that will satisfy any customer looking for the best tactical 1911 on the market. Tactical rifle For a limited time, Nighthawk built custom precision rifles. Because Nighthawk was one of the sponsors for the annual International Sniper Competition at Fort Benning, Georgia, they built a precision rifle. Nighthawk took inspiration from the rifles present at the Competition to offer a precision rifle to their customers. Nighthawk took these rifles one step further and created their tactical rifle range. With the option of either bolt on or integral picatinny rail, the rifles were able to be customized with scopes and different finishes. The finish was Perma Kote. The rifle were able to be finished in camouflage or a customized color scheme. The rifles were able to be chambered in a variety of calibers ranging from .222 Remington to .338 Lapua Magnum. Tactical shotgun Nighthawk offers customizable shotgun services including a massive range of add-on products and peripherals which are external and internal. The gun is built from a stock Remington 870.The finish is Perma Kote and a range of sights is available, whether added to the frame such as the Fiber Optic front sight to the picatinny rail AimPoint Comp M4, a sight more regularly seen on the M4 Carbine and M16A4 assault rifles. The shotgun is available with a M4-inspired five-position crane stock or a more conventional Hogue butt stock with in-frame pistol grip. Tactical lights, shell holders, recoil buffers and sling attachment swivels are available. Knives Nighthawk Tactical makes a range of tactical military knives. There are four models: Model 510, Model 525, Model 530 and Model 550. They are very similar in material but vary in finish and blade length with the longest being 7" in the Model 550 and the shortest being the 3​¹⁄₂" Model 525 blade.

3281284068227203851

Q16195644

Thomas Rex Lee Early life, education, and career Thomas Rex Lee was born in 1964 to parents Janet (née Griffin) and Rex E. Lee. He grew up in Arizona, Utah and Northern Virginia. His undergraduate studies took place at BYU, graduating summa cum laude in 1988 with a bachelor's degree in economics. Lee graduated from the University of Chicago Law School with high honors in 1991.After receiving his law degree, Lee served as law clerk to J. Harvie Wilkinson, III of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (1991–92). He then joined the firm of Kimball, Parr, Waddoups, Brown & Gee as an associate in 1992, before clerking for Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1994–95). He became a shareholder at Kimball, Parr, Waddoups, Brown & Gee in 1995, a position he would hold until 1997 when he left the firm to join the faculty of BYU's JRCL. At the law school, Lee taught courses in Civil Procedure and Intellectual Property Law, and a seminar on the United States Supreme Court. He also served as Associate Dean (2008-2010) and was named the Rex and Maureen Rawlinson Professor of Law. Following his 2010 appointment to the bench Lee has remained a Distinguished Lecturer in Law at the JRCL. During his years as a full-time law professor, Lee was also of counsel at Howard, Phillips, & Andersen, handling intellectual property litigation. He was counsel in multiple trademark infringement cases brought by or against automobile manufacturers such as General Motors and Ford Motor Company. He also developed a part-time appellant practice, arguing numerous cases in federal courts throughout the country and in the United States Supreme Court.Lee took leave of the JRCL from 2004 to 2005 to serve as Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Division of the United States Justice Department. While at the JRCL, from 2002 to 2004, Lee also served as the lead counsel in cases brought by the state of Utah in relation to plans to put nuclear waste on the Goshute Indian Reservation. Nomination and confirmation On May 28, 2010, Utah Governor Gary Herbert nominated Lee to fill the vacancy in the Utah Supreme Court left by the retirement of Michael J. Wilkins. Receiving a unanimous vote (5–0) from the Utah Senate Judicial Confirmation Committee in mid-June 2010, Lee was confirmed by the full Senate on June 23, 2010. Lee was sworn into office on July 19, 2010; his mentor, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, administered the oath. Similarities to Justices Scalia and Thomas A 2016 paper written by Jeremy Kidd of the Mercer University Walter F. George School of Law and others attempted to measure the "Scalia-ness" of various potential nominees to the Supreme Court to fill the seat left vacant by Antonin Scalia's death. The study created a "Scalia Index Score" combining the various measures of "Scalia-ness," and Lee scored highest. The study found that Lee was the most likely to endorse or engage in originalism in judicial opinions, was second most likely to cite Scalia's non-judicial writings in opinions, and the third most likely to write separately when not writing the majority opinion. The study was updated again in 2018, adding new variables and more names, and Lee again scored the highest.In a 2016 article, John McGinnis, of the Northwestern University School of Law, argued that Lee was similar to Scalia in being "capable of pressing the intellectual case for following the Constitution as written" because of Lee "has pioneered the application of corpus linguistics to law," and further wrote that if elevated to the U.S. Supreme Court, "Lee would create a transmission belt from the best work of originalists in the academy to the Supreme Court."Hannah Clayson Smith, writing in the National Review, praised Lee as a possible successor to Scalia because of Lee's similar jurisprudential style to the late Justice, but noted that with respect to Lee's views on judicial precedent, "Justice Lee is more like Justice Thomas than like Justice Scalia." Smith noted that Lee (like Thomas) has repeatedly advocated for overruling precedent that he views as "contrary to the original meaning of the Utah constitution," even if precedent takes a different approach. Authorship of opinions Lee is a prolific judicial writer. An empirical study of Utah Supreme Court opinions by political scientist Adam Brown found that in the approximately first three years on the court, Lee authored more opinions than any other justice over the 16-year period studied, writing some form of opinion (whether majority, dissenting, or concurring) in 43% of the opinions published while he was a justice."Whereas some justices release a concurring or dissenting opinion in only a handful of cases that they hear," Lee is a prolific writer of such opinions, releasing them in around 16% of the Court's opinions. Of the ten Utah Supreme justices who served on the court from 1997 to 2012, Lee has the second-highest rate of dissent, filing dissenting opinions in 10% of cases over this time period. (The justice with the highest dissent rate was I. Daniel Stewart, who dissented 11% of the time). Lee also authored the highest proportion of majority opinions of the court (27%); Brown wrote that "[g]iven that Lee dissents relatively frequently, it is remarkable that he is also the most common author of majority opinions. His willingness to dissent has apparently not alienated his colleagues." Personal life Lee and his wife, Kimberly, have six children. His brother, Mike Lee, is a U.S. Senator representing the state of Utah. He is the son Rex E. Lee, a former Solicitor General of the United States and the 10th president of BYU.

3610331152077379331

Q5602560

Green Flag History Green Flag started as an idea between two friends, Bob Slicer and Jeffery Pittock, in a pub in Bradford. At the time, the AA and RAC were well established, and offered assistance at the roadside. Slicer and Pittock's National Breakdown Recovery Club operated under a different model, using a network of garages and mechanics that would recover and fix member's cars. The mechanics' local knowledge was meant to provide a swifter response to calls, than the established competition.When the service began as a three man business (with Ernest Smith) in 1971, membership only covered breakdowns within a fifty mile radius of their Morley Street base in Bradford, and cost £1.50 a year. Within three years, NBRC had become the largest breakdown recovery firm in the country, with over 100,000 members.In 1984, NBRC was acquired by National Car Parks (NCP), and five years, the firm later moved to new purpose built headquarters in Pudsey, which were opened by Diana, Princess of Wales. The company was renamed Green Flag in 1994. The company, now being run by Ernest Smith as Chief Executive, was looking to expand into other insurance services. "Green is the symbol of health in Europe," Smith told The Independent in June 1995.In 1992, a subsidiary was created called Green Flag USA from an acquisition of National Breakdown, Lafayette, LA and in June 1995, moved headquarters to Dallas, Texas.NCP was bought out by investment firm Cendant, who put Green Flag up for sale in May 1999, after regulators blocked their attempt to gain critical mass by also buying RAC. Later that year, Green Flag became part of the RBS Group, when it was acquired by Direct Line for £220m. June 2008 saw Green Flag announce that it would be branding four hundred vans across its network, to match its marketing.In December 2011, Green Flag reviewed its network of contractors, reducing the number of partner firms from 283 to 173, with a number of firms reacting angrily to the decision. Now, five firms represent the majority of Green Flag's network. RBS' insurance division was floated in October 2012 as Direct Line Group. The new company had declared itself a separate entity the previous month.In January 2015, Direct Line Group announced it would consolidate their sites in Leeds area, with the closure of the old Green Flag Operations Centre in Pudsey. All staff were retained, and moved to their new site in Leeds at The Wharf buildings, with Green Flag operations in Glasgow continuing as normal. Services Green Flag offer a range of breakdown products, from basic roadside assistance to full European cover with recovery, covering cars, motorbikes, trailers and small vans. The company claim a response time of forty two minutes and that they have over 4m customers. Like the rest of the Direct Line Group, Green Flag's products are underwritten by United Kingdom Insurance Limited.Green Flag's services are also available through partners, including Direct Line, Churchill, Privilege, Clydesdale Bank/Yorkshire Bank, RBS/NatWest. They also operate a specialist breakdown service for caravan and motorhome owners on behalf of the Caravan Club. Green Flag no longer provides coverage for Esure and Sainsbury's Bank customers, these contracts were lost to the RAC following re tendering. Advertising In September 2010, mascot Maximili'ant was introduced to Green Flag's marketing. An ant was chosen as the company claims "they're hard working, strong and work well in a team, qualities reflected in the Green Flag network." The character was brought to life by the voice of Harry Hill, in television and radio advertising until 2012.Green Flag relaunched their advertising in August 2017, changing their motto to "Common Sense to the Rescue" and targeting AA and RAC customers more directly with their campaigns. Sponsorships In December 1994, Green Flag became the first brand to sponsor the England football team. The deal ran from 1994 to the 1998 FIFA World Cup, including UEFA Euro 1996, and is believed to have cost the firm £4m. The deal ended in July 1998.Between March 2000 to March 2002, the company were the main title sponsor British Formula 3 Championship and then, between March 2002 to March 2005, the British Touring Car Championship. This was not the company's first motorsport sponsorship, as National Breakdown had sponsored rallies between 1984 and 1987.June 2004 saw the company dabble in football again, as they took up sponsorship of AOL's coverage of Euro 2004. The Green Flag logo appeared on the Williams F1 team cars of Nico Rosberg and Kazuki Nakajima (2009) and Rubens Barichello and Nico Hülkenberg (2010) as part of the RBS sponsorship. Green Flag is the current sponsor of British gymnast Nile Wilson. On 28 February 2014, Green Flag announced that it had become a sponsor of Premiership Rugby.From 21 June 2015 to 3 July 2016, Green Flag were the sponsor of the ITV National Weather, on ITV and UTV. Awards Green Flag are multiple Your Money award winners. They were named Best Breakdown Cover Provider in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 and 2014. They were also Best Online Breakdown Cover provider in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2014. The Institute of Transport Management recognised Green Flag as the Roadside Assistance Company Of the Year in June 2012.Green Flag was ranked 9th, after scoring 81.02% in the 2013 Auto Express Driver Power Survey of best breakdown cover providers. This increased to a score of 87.33%, and an improved ranking of 3rd in the newest Auto Express Driver Power Survey in 2014, seeing Green Flag outrank both the AA and RAC.

3561486200077813814

Q3178826

Jim Hegan Major League career Born in Lynn, Massachusetts, Hegan was signed by the Cleveland Indians in 1938. After playing in the minor leagues for four seasons, he made his major league debut with the Indians on September 7, 1941 at the age of 20. Hegan appeared in 68 games for the Indians in 1942, before joining the United States Coast Guard for the remainder of the Second World War.When Hegan returned in 1946 he became the Indians' regular starting catcher, replacing Frankie Hayes. In his second season back after the war, Hegan was recognized as one of the top catchers in the American League when, he was selected as a reserve in the 1947 All-Star Game. He had his best season offensively in 1948, posting a .248 batting average along with 14 home runs and 61 runs batted in, as the Indians finished the season tied for first place with the Boston Red Sox.After defeating the Red Sox in a one-game playoff, the Indians went on to defeat the Boston Braves in the 1948 World Series. Despite his low batting average, Hegan ended the season ranked in 19th place in the 1948 American League Most Valuable Player Award voting, due in part to his handling of the Indians' pitching staff which led the league in winning percentage, shutouts and in earned run average.Hegan's pitch-calling skills continued to be made evident as, the Indian's pitching staff would lead the American League in earned run average every year from 1948 to 1951. In 1951 and 1952, the Indians' pitching staff would have three twenty-game winning pitchers. Cleveland pitchers gave Hegan credit for part of their success. Cleveland Indian Hall of Fame pitcher Bob Feller was quoted as saying,"He was one of the best defensive catchers in baseball history. Jim called a good game. We disagreed rarely. Jim was very good at keeping pitchers calm." Another Hall of Fame pitcher, Bob Lemon said of Hegan, "When I first started pitching, I used to shake him off sometimes. Invariably, they'd get a hit. So I stopped shaking him off."In 1954, Hegan would again lead the Indians' pitching staff to the lowest earned run average in the league and committed only 4 errors in 137 games played as, the Indians won the American League pennant with a then-record 111 victories in a 154-game season. The Indians would eventually lose to the New York Giants in the 1954 World Series. Hegan would once again guide the Indians' pitching staff to the league's lowest earned run average in 1956 as, the Indians boasted three twenty-game winning pitchers for the third time during his career.After the 1957 season, Hegan was traded to the Detroit Tigers. He was traded several more times before ending his playing career with the Chicago Cubs in 1960 at the age of 39. Career statistics Hegan would be the Indians starting catcher for 11 seasons from 1946 until 1956. In 1,666 games played, Hegan had a 1,087 hits for a .228 batting average, with 92 home runs and 525 runs batted in. During his career, he led American League catchers three times in putouts, assists, double plays, total chances per game and fielding percentage and, had a career fielding percentage of .990. At the time of his retirement in 1960, Hegan's .990 career fielding percentage was second only to Buddy Rosar among retired catchers. His 49.77% career caught stealing percentage ranks 16th all-time among major league catchers. Hegan caught 121 shutouts in his career, ranking him 9th all-time among major league catchers. He is the Indians' all-time leader in games played as a catcher with 1,491.As a testament to Hegan's pitch-calling skills during this period, the Indians' pitching staff was the best in baseball, leading the American League six times in earned run average. Hegan was selected to be an American League All-Star five times during his playing career. During his career, Hegan was the catcher for six twenty-game winning pitchers (Bob Feller, Bob Lemon, Gene Bearden, Early Wynn, Mike Garcia, Herb Score) and, caught three no hitters by Don Black (1947), Bob Lemon (1948) and Bob Feller (1951). He caught for a record seven pitchers who would eventually be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Despite his considerable defensive skills, because he was a light-hitting player, Hegan is almost a forgotten man in major league baseball history. Yankee Hall of Fame catcher Bill Dickey once said about Hegan's fielding abilities, "If I had been able to catch like Hegan I wouldn't have needed to hit". Coaching career He began his coaching career as a playing coach for the Cubs working under former Cleveland teammate Lou Boudreau in 1960. In mid-year, after his active career ended July 4, Hegan became the full-time bullpen coach for the New York Yankees, helping to mentor future catching stand outs Thurmon Munson and Rick Dempsey. He served with the Yankees through the 1973 season. He then moved with manager Ralph Houk to the Detroit Tigers for five years, through 1978. He finished his career in uniform back with the Yankees as a coach (1979–80), and was serving as a scout for the Yankees when he died on June 17, 1984, at the age of 63 in Swampscott, Massachusetts, of a heart attack.Hegan's son, Mike Hegan, was an All-Star first baseman who played major league baseball from 1964 to 1977, and was a sports commentator for the Indians until his death in 2013.

2501317132076974087

Q5553102

Gershom Stewart Sir Gershom Stewart KBE (30 December 1857 – 5 December 1929) was a Scottish-born British businessman in Hong Kong who became a Conservative Party politician in England. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, and after his return to the United Kingdom he sat in the House of Commons from 1910 to 1923, as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Wirral division of Cheshire.A persistent opponent of Irish Home Rule, Stewart was one of the minority of Conservative MPs who opposed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921. He was also one of the "Diehard Conservatives" who in late 1922 forced the end of the Lloyd George-led coalition government with the Liberals. Early life Stewart was born in Greenock in Scotland, the son of Andrew Stewart and his wife Margaret (née Leitch), but grew up in England on the Wirral. He was educated at Mostyn House school, and at Bishop Vesey's Grammar School in Sutton Coldfield. Business Stewart's first employment was in Liverpool in the East India trade. In 1882 he went to China to work for the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, but set up in business on his own in 1899. He became a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and chairman of the China Association. In 1906 he represented Hong King at the Conference of the Chambers of Commerce of The Empire in London. In the same year he retired to England, taking residence in Hoylake on the Wirral with his wife Henrietta (1876–1946), who he had married in 1904. 1910 election At the general election in January 1910 Stewart stood as the Conservative candidate for the Wirral, a seat which had been held by the Conservatives from its creation in 1885 until won by the Liberals in 1906. The sitting Liberal MP was the industrialist William Lever, who did not stand again, and the Liberal candidate was Edward Jones.Stewart was a strong supporter of Tariff Reform, a cause which was popular in that area,and the campaign was strongly contested on both sides, with both candidates benefiting from a lot of support from Liverpool and the other large towns in Lancashire.Stewart won the seat with a majority of 1,447 (7.6%), and held it at the December 1910 election with an increased majority of 2,316 (13.0%). In Parliament In Parliament, he supported establishing sugar beet cultivation in the United Kingdom, and in 1911 he was one of several MPs to be a founding vice-president of the Incorporated English Beet Sugar Pioneer Association.In January 1912, Stewart was the principal speaker at a public meeting in Flixton opposing Irish Home Rule.In May that year, he wanted to speak in the Commons in the second reading debate on the Home Rule Bill, but was not called by the speaker.After the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December 1921, which concluded the Irish War of Independence and led to the establishment of the Irish Free State in 26 of Ireland's 32 counties, Stewart was one of 58 MPs who voted against ratifying the treaty.In February 1922, he was one of 45 MPs from Great Britain to vote against the second reading of the Irish Free State (Agreement) Bill, which gave legal effect to the treaty.He also opposed the suffragist movement, and was listed as a Parliamentary supporter of the National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage.His constituency adjoined the Port of Liverpool, and Stewart took an interest in maritime issues. In 1913 he supported legislation against dangerous deckloads such as locomotives, which could break loose in a storm,and in 1918 he successfully lobbied for the expenses of repatriating merchant seamen being released from enemy countries to be paid by public funds.In August 1913, he proposed using funds from the Boxer Indemnity to establish a British university in central China.During the Great War, he was one of a group of 8 MPs who visited the Western Front in December 1915, and wrote an account of his visit for The Times newspaper.In February 1916 he was appointed to a committee to advise the Board of Trade on matters arising under the Trading with the Enemy Amendment Act 1906,and in 1917 he became a member of the Unionist war Committee,joining its Enemy Influence Sub-committee. Post-war elections Stewart was re-elected unopposed at the 1918 general election, standing as a Coalition Conservative. He held his seat at the 1922 general election in a three-cornered contest with 51% of the votes, a majority of 4,874 (19.3%) over his Liberal opponent Stephen Roxby Dodds. The Labour Party candidate came a poor third. At the next general election, in 1923, Labour did not field a candidate in the Wirral. The Times noted that Stewart's 1922 majority of 4,874 was little higher than the Labour vote of 4,363, and expecting Labour voters to support the Liberal candidate it predicted a close finish, but expected that Stewart would be returned. However, the Wirral was no exception to the nationwide pattern of a large swing to the Liberals, and Dodds won the seat with a majority of 1,840 votes (7.2%).In Stanley Baldwin's resignation honours announced in February 1924, Stewart was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), "for colonial and imperial services".The title was conferred at a ceremony on 7 March 1924, in the throne room of Buckingham Palace.Stewart died aged 72 on 5 December 1929, at his home in Sloane Street, London. His funeral was held on 9 December at Holy Trinity Church on Sloane Street.His estate was valued at £71,834 (net).

10028161960323905724

Q4764932

Animal cracker History In the late 19th century, animal-shaped crackers (or "biscuits" in British terminology) called "Animals" were imported from England to the United States. The demand for these crackers grew to the point that bakers began to produce them domestically. Stauffer's Biscuit Company produced their first batch of animal crackers in York, Pennsylvania, in 1871. Other domestic bakeries, including the Dozier-Weyl Cracker Company of St. Louis, and the Holmes and Coutts Company of New York City, were the predecessors of the National Biscuit Company, today's "Nabisco Brands".Animal biscuit crackers were made and distributed under the National Biscuit Company banner. In 1902, animal crackers officially became known as "Barnum's Animals" and evoked the familiar circus theme of the Barnum and Bailey Circus. Later in 1902, the now-familiar box was designed for the Christmas season with the innovative idea of attaching a string to hang from the Christmas tree. Until that time, crackers were generally sold only in bulk (the proverbial "cracker barrel") or in large tins. These small cartons, which retailed for 5 cents at the time of their release, were a big hit and are still sold today.The number and variety contained in each box has varied over the years. In total, 54 different animals have been represented by animal crackers since 1902. In its current incarnation, each package contains 22 cookies consisting of a variety of animals. The most recent addition, the koala, was added in September 2002 after being chosen by consumer votes, beating out the penguin, walrus and cobra.In 1948, the company changed the product name to its current designation of "Barnum's Animals Crackers". In 1958, production methods changed to improve the cookies' visual details. Until then, animal shapes were stamped out of a dough sheet by a cutter. This produced outlines with little sophistication. By installing rotary dies, bakers can actually engrave details onto each cookie, creating a more intricate design. The rotary dies are still used today.Barnum's Animals Crackers are all produced in the Fair Lawn, New Jersey, bakery by Nabisco Brands. More than 40 million packages of Barnum's Animals Crackers are sold each year, both in the United States and exported to 17 countries worldwide. The cookies are baked in a 300-foot (91 m)-long traveling band oven. They are in the oven for about four minutes and are baked at the rate of 12,000 per minute. About 15,000 cartons and 330,000 cookies are produced in a single shift, using some 30 miles (48 km) of string on the packages. This runs to nearly 8,000 miles (13,000 km) of string a year. Those bright circus boxes are produced in three colors—red, blue, and yellow—with different variety of animals on each.In August 2018, Mondelez International (the parent company of Nabisco) released a new design for its Barnum's Animal Crackers boxes in the United States, showing the animals freed from their traditional circus boxcar cages. This design change was made in consultation with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), one year after the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus ceased operations. The new design shows a zebra, lion, elephant, giraffe and gorilla together in an African landscape. Varieties In total, 106 different animals have been featured in Barnum's Animals Crackers since 1903. The current cookies are bear, bison, camel, cougar, elephant, giraffe, gorilla, hippopotamus, hyena, kangaroo, lion, monkey, rhinoceros, seal, sheep, tiger, and zebra. To celebrate its 100th anniversary, Barnum's added the koala to the menagerie in September 2002.Austin Zoo Animal Crackers currently feature bear, camel, elephant, lion, monkey, owl, penguin, rabbit, ram, rhino, turtle, and zebra.Cadburys Animals are chocolate coated and feature crocodile, elephant, hippo, monkey, lion, tiger, and toucan.Stauffer's animal crackers include an American bison, bear, camel, cow, cat, donkey, elephant, hippo, horse, lion, mountain goat, rhino, and tiger. They are made in plain (vanilla), chocolate graham, cinnamon graham, "cotton candy" and icing-covered variants, as well as "breakfast cookies" made with oats, almonds, cranberries, and pomegranate. Manufacturers Nabisco makes Barnum's Animal Crackers, with their distinctive package art of a circus wagon fitted out as a cage and animals within it. "Barnum" refers to the famous showman and circus entrepreneur P. T. Barnum, but Nabisco does not pay a licensing fee to Barnum and Bailey Circus. The product actually says "Barnum's Animals", subtitled "Crackers". Half of the wheels are printed on the large sides of the box but at one time the printed wheels continued to the bottom of the box, and were partially perforated along their outline, which allowed punching the wheels out and standing the wagon to stand on its wheels. Responding to requests from PETA, in August 2018 Nabisco released new package art displaying the animals roaming free.Austin, a division of the Keebler Company, also makes a variety of animal crackers. Although not nearly as popular, the Austin variety has similar nutritional content and animal shapes. The Austin product is labeled under the name of the Kellogg Company, which acquired Keebler in 2001.Stauffer Biscuit Company of York, Pennsylvania, also has a line of animal crackers, which are now distributed by several major discount retailers. Their use of the spices nutmeg and mace give the basic animal cracker a slightly different character from the Nabisco crackers. Former owner Rodney Stauffer now has his own company Rodney's Animal Crackers that also produces animal crackers.The Borden corporation also produced a brand of animal crackers, until the late 1970s. They came in a red box, which featured the famous Elsie the Cow logo.Market Square Food Company Inc. in Illinois has also produced its own brand of animal crackers since 1982. Its animal crackers are distributed by several major retailers throughout the United States and internationally.In the UK, Cadburys produce a range simply called "Animals". As noted above, these biscuits have a chocolate coating on one side.In Germany, Bahlsen produces animal crackers under the Leibniz brand.Sam's Club distributes animal crackers under its Member's Mark house brand.In Australia and New Zealand, Arnott's manufactures Iced Animals, colourfully iced animal crackers.

7227317131717615938

Q56290967

Macbeth (Nesbø novel) Plot summary The book opens at a dockside in Fife, a town ostensibly ruled by Mayor Tourtell, but actually run by whoever is the Chief Commissioner of the police. Currently, the position is occupied by Duncan, who has recently replaced the despotic Kenneth. A shipment of illegal narcotics to the Norse Riders, one of the two drugs gangs in town, is due and Duff, an inspector in the police has received an anonymous tip-off and plans to intercept the shipment. However, things go badly and Inspector Macbeth and his SWAT team – tipped off separately – have to save the day.This convinces Duncan to promote Macbeth to the head of Organised Crime, which Duff is unhappy about, since Macbeth is a former junkie, though apparently clean. Duff has known Macbeth since they grew up in an orphanage together.Going to the Inverness, the more upmarket of the town's two casinos, Macbeth and his oldest friend and mentor, Banquo meet three members of the town‘s other drugs gang, led by a man called Hecate, who sometimes calls himself Mr Hand. They predict that Macbeth will eventually become Chief Commissioner and that Banquo's children will follow in the future. Macbeth is surprised and mentions the prophecy to his partner, known only as Lady. She convinces Macbeth to murder Duncan at a party a few nights later.Macbeth initially feels unable to murder an unarmed man and asks Hecate for some drugs. After this, his confidence is restored, but he still cannot murder an unarmed man. However, as he leaves the bedroom, he sees a reflection of Duncan preparing to shoot him in the back and turns, throwing a dagger, killing Duncan. Lady wipes blood on Duncan's bodyguards to implicate them and Macbeth later shoots them as they appear to be reaching for weapons after they are confronted by Duff and Macbeth.The Deputy Chief Commissioner, Malcolm, is temporarily promoted to replace Duncan but Macbeth admits to Banquo that he murdered Duncan and convinces him to dispose of Malcolm. Malcolm signs a false confession in the guise of a suicide note and, following the discovery of the note, Macbeth becomes Chief Commissioner. The circle of murderers is getting larger and, concerned by the prophecy about Banquo's offspring later replacing him, Macbeth arranges the murder of Banquo and his son, Fleance. However, although Banquo is killed, Fleance escapes.Duff is also suspicious of Macbeth and tries to find evidence against him. Macbeth fabricates evidence of illegal activity against Duff, and his SWAT team are sent to kill him. However, Duff is with his mistress, Caithness, and only his wife and children are killed. Duff escapes to the Capitol, where Duff meets up with Malcolm and Fleance and the three decide to confront and depose Macbeth, later joined by Caithness.Macbeth manages to destroy the Norse Riders at the request of Hecate, but is blackmailed by Hecate before he can also stop Hecate's drug operation.Lady is haunted by images of babies, following her killing her own child (born after being abused by her father). She loses her mind and, without her guidance, Macbeth becomes more unhinged, threatening everyone he sees as a danger to him, including a member of his SWAT team who appears to have betrayed him. He captures Tourtell's illegitimate son, Kasi, and uses him to try and blackmail Tourtell into declaring a State of Emergency – an act that would make Macbeth the de facto ruler in Fife.Lennox, a former inspector who worked for Hecate is paralysed saving Mayor Tourtell. He is taken to Hecate in a wheelchair and drops a hand grenade into the drugs operation, destroying it and mortally wounding Hecate in the process.Lady, who appeared to be coming out of her malaise suddenly commits suicide, leaving Macbeth with only two colleagues who actually support him. The three are holed up in the Inverness. Fleance attempts to attack them from the rear, following a diversion, but Macbeth has figured out the plan and stops him. When Seyton, one of Macbeth's colleagues, asks him if Fleance is dead, Macbeth merely says that he "took care of it". Seyton prepares to kill Kasi, but Macbeth stabs him before an old steam engine is released from its plinth and sent downhill into the Inverness. Crashing through the walls, it severs the ropes holding up the chandelier, which crashes down onto Macbeth, injuring him.Duff prepares to arrest Macbeth when Olafson, Macbeth's remaining colleague, prepares to shoot him, only for Fleance to shoot Olafson. Duff tells Macbeth that he was not born of woman, but was cut from his mother's belly when she was murdered. Macbeth goads Duff into killing him, so that he can be reunited with Lady.The book ends with peace having been restored to Fife, but with the brother of one of the drugs gang members threatening to destroy that peace.

1727146381677272381

Q765391

Rossford, Ohio Geography Rossford is located at 41°35′37″N 83°34′5″W (41.593717, -83.568047).According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.33 square miles (13.80 km²), of which 5.02 square miles (13.00 km²) is land and 0.31 square miles (0.80 km²) is water. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 6,293 people, 2,568 households, and 1,705 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,253.6 inhabitants per square mile (484.0/km²). There were 2,800 housing units at an average density of 557.8 per square mile (215.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.8% White, 1.7% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.9% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.There were 2,568 households of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.5% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.6% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.00.The median age in the city was 39.1 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.5% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 13.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 6,406 people, 2,610 households, and 1,743 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,489.7 people per square mile (575.2/km²). There were 2,736 housing units at an average density of 636.2 per square mile (245.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.27% White, 1.28% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.48% from other races, and 0.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.69% of the population.There were 2,610 households out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 28.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.04.In the city, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.The median income for a household in the city was $43,776, and the median income for a family was $57,442. Males had a median income of $40,516 versus $27,560 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,119. About 2.7% of families and 3.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.4% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

9196303303049364720

Q16202368

Uche Ikpeazu Reading and Watford Born in Harrow, London of Nigerian/Ugandan parentage. Ikpeazu joined Reading's Academy in late 2010. He signed for Southern League Division One South & West club Didcot Town on loan in November 2011 and scored twice in three games, including the 3–1 FA Trophy win against Conference Premier team Bromley. In the 2012–13 season, his final for the under-18s, he scored 28 goals in as many games, finishing as the top scorer in the country at academy level.He was offered a professional contract by Reading but turned it down and instead signed a three-year contract with fellow Championship club Watford in July 2013. Due to his age Watford were required to pay compensation which, after six months of negotiations, was agreed in January 2014 with the fee remaining undisclosed. The same month, having yet to make his first-team debut for Watford, Ikpeazu joined League One club Crewe Alexandra on loan until the end of the season. He made his debut at Gresty Road as a second-half substitute in a 2–1 defeat to Leyton Orient on 18 January, and scored his first goals in professional football with two goals against Bradford City three weeks later.Ikpeazu returned to Crewe on 26 November 2014, on a loan deal until 25 January 2015. Two days later he scored in a 1–1 home draw with Doncaster Rovers. After the loan deal ended he joined Doncaster Rovers on loan. He was reported to have been viewed as a possible permanent signing by manager Paul Dickov, but returned to Watford in March after failing to impress at the Keepmoat Stadium. He then returned to Crewe on loan after manager Steve Davis admitted that he was unable to replace Ikpeazu during his absence.Ikpeazu joined League One club Port Vale on a six-month loan in July 2015, having impressed manager Rob Page playing against the Vale for Crewe the previous season. He started the campaign as the club's main striker, and though he dropped out of the first eleven against Oldham Athletic on 29 September he came off the bench to score an equalising goal. Page was hopeful of extending the loan deal until the end of the season, as Ikpeazu was the club's top-scorer throughout the early stages of the campaign. However he lost his first-team place after being sent off against Burton Albion on 24 October as A-Jay Leitch-Smith entered the team and found a rich vein of form. Despite Ikpeazu still being the club's top-scorer his loan spell was not extended in January. He remained in League One however, as he joined Blackpool on loan until the end of the 2015–16 season. Ikpeazu was then released by Watford upon the expiry of his contract. Cambridge United Ikpeazu had a trial at Championship club Norwich City in July 2016, and scored in a pre-season friendly against Dereham Town. He signed a short-term contract with League Two club Cambridge United the following month. He scored his first goal for Cambridge in a 2–1 win over Newport County at Rodney Parade on 24 September, and manager Shaun Derry said he was becoming a "cult figure" at the club. On 9 January 2017, Ikpeazu scored for Cambridge in a 2–1 FA Cup third round defeat to Championship team Leeds United. On 23 February, he was ruled out of action for eight weeks with a hamstring injury. He ended the 2016–17 campaign with eight goals in 36 appearances, and underwent surgery after dislocating his shoulder at Portsmouth on 22 April.On 9 December 2017, Ikpeazu was sent off in a 2–0 at former club Port Vale after receiving two yellow cards in the space of two minutes. In April 2018 "U's" announced that they "had tabled a series of strong and competitive packages at League Two level. However, the club can confirm that Ikpeazu has declined the offers put forward, making his desire to play at a higher level clear in each conversation". Heart of Midlothian Ikpeazu signed a pre-contract agreement with Scottish Premiership club Heart of Midlothian in April 2018, with a two-year contract which took effect from 1 July 2018. He said he was attracted to the club by the size of Tynecastle Park and faith shown in him by manager Craig Levein. He signed an extended contract with the club in March 2019 after stating that "I feel the love" following the club's support during a four-month injury lay-off with a broken foot. Old Firm clubs Celtic and Rangers were reported to have expressed an interest in bidding for his services. Hearts reached the 2019 Scottish Cup Final at Hampden Park, where they lost 2–1 to Celtic, with Ikpeazu replacing Steven MacLean on 78 minutes. Style of play Ikpeazu is an athletic 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) forward who possesses pace and power. He has said that "my strength is my strength and I have to use that but I have other aspects to my game".

8001608759085150346

Q984030

Ilia Zdanevich Ilia Mikhailovich Zdanevich (Georgian: ილია ზდანევიჩი, Russian: Илья́ Миха́йлович Здане́вич) (April 21, 1894 – December 25, 1975), known as Iliazd (Georgian: ილიაზდ), was a Georgian and French writer and artist, and an active participant in such avant-garde movements as Russian Futurism and Dada.He was born in Tbilisi to a Polish father, Michał Zdaniewicz, who taught French in a gymnasium and a Georgian mother, Valentina Gamkrelidze, who was a pianist and student of Tchaikovsky. (His older brother Kiril also became a well-known artist.) He studied in the Faculty of Law of Saint Petersburg State University. In 1912 he and his brother, along with their friend Mikhail Le-Dantyu, became enthusiastic about the Tbilisi painter Niko Pirosmanashvili; Ilya's article about him, "Khudozhnik-samorodok" ("A natural-born artist"), his first publication, appeared in the February 13, 1913, issue of Zakavkazskaia Rech'. Later in 1913 he published a monograph Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov under the pseudonym Eli Eganbyuri (Russian: Эли Эганбюри). In June 1914 the journal Vostok published his article "Niko Pirosmanashvili," in which he mythologized the biography of the older artist, linking him with the Silver Age and the Russian avant-garde. He became involved with the new Futurist movement, participating in their discussions and writing about them and Marinetti in the Russian press, and was drawn to other avant-garde movements as well, such as Zaum and dadaism.During World War I Zdanevich returned to the Caucasus as a newspaper correspondent, and from 1917 to 1919 he lived in Tbilisi, where he published several collections of poetry in the zaum style (Yanko Krul Albansky, Ostraf Paskhi, and Zga Yakaby). In 1918, he joined Aleksei Kruchenykh and others in the Futurist group "41°." Zdanevich in 1919 adopted the pseudonym Iliazd. He left Tiflis for Batumi, and in October 1920 left the country to investigate the new artistic currents of France. After a year spent in Constantinople acquiring a French visa, he arrived in Paris in October 1921, where together with other artists he organized the group Cherez ("Across"), whose aim was to bring Russian émigrés together with representatives of French culture. In 1923 he began his novel Parizhachi, about four couples who agree to dine together in the Bois de Boulogne; in the course of two and a half hours (each chapter has an exact time for a title, from 11.51 to 14.09) they all manage to betray each other, and the novel itself breaks all manner of orthographic, punctuational, and compositional rules. Zdanevich continued working on this "hyperformalist" novel (which he described as an opis', or "inventory") until 1926, but it was not published until 1994. His second novel, Voskhishchenie ("Rapture"), was published in a small edition in 1930 and was ignored at the time. Set in a mythical Georgia among mountaineers, on the surface a crime novel, it is actually a fictionalized history of the Russian avant-garde, full of allusions to world literature; it could be said to anticipate magic realism. The language of the novel is innovative and poetic, and the Slavist Milivoje Jovanović called it "undoubtedly the summit toward which the Russian avant-garde was striving."Zdanevich's 1923 poster for his and Tristan Tzara's Soirée du coeur à barbe [Evening of the bearded heart] is a widely known example of avant-garde typography and graphic design. During the last forty years of his life in Paris, Zdanevich was active in a variety of areas. He did analyses of church elevations, created fabrics for Chanel, and above all consecrated himself to the creation of artist's books with the collaboration of Picasso, Max Ernst, Miro, and others. His innovative typographic and design work has been exhibited at the New York Public Library, MOMA, in Montreal, in Tbilisi in 1989 in a joint exhibition with his brother Kiril, and in many other venues. Catalogs for many of these exhibitions exist and contain considerably more detailed information about his life and works. Ilia Zdanevich died on Christmas Day 1975 in Paris. He was buried at the Georgian emigre cemetery at Leuville-sur-Orge.

9434276057239226262

Q308928

Kreuzberg Layout Kreuzberg is bounded by the river Spree in the east. The Landwehrkanal flows through Kreuzberg from east to west, with the Paul-Lincke-Ufer running alongside it. Other characteristics are the old U-Bahn line of the present-day U1, the Görlitzer Park in SO 36 and the Viktoriapark on the slope of the Kreuzberg hill in SW 61. History In contrast to many other areas of Berlin, which were villages before their integration into Berlin, Kreuzberg has a rather short history. It was formed on 1 October 1920 by the Greater Berlin Act providing for the incorporation of suburbs and the reorganisation of Berlin into twenty boroughs. The eastern Friedrichsvorstadt, the southern Friedrichstadt, the western and southern Luisenstadt and the Tempelhofer Vorstadt were merged into the new VIth borough of Berlin, first named Hallesches Tor. On 27 September 1921 the borough assembly of Hallesches Tor decided to rename the borough after the homonymous hill. Kreuzberg, literally meaning cross hill, is the point of highest elevation in the Kreuzberg locality, which is 66 m (217 ft) above sea level. The hill is traditionally a place for weekend trips. It received its name from the 1821 Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars by Karl Friedrich Schinkel within the Viktoriapark, built in commemoration of the Napoleonic Wars. Except for its northernmost part, the quarter Friedrichstadt (established in the end of the 17th century), today's "Kreuzberg" was a very rural place until well into the 19th century.This changed when, in the 1860s, industrialization caused Berlin to grow rapidly. This called for extensive housing – much of which was built exploiting the dire needs of the poor, with widespread land speculation. Many of Kreuzberg's buildings originate from that time. They were built on the streets laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring. Far into the 20th century, Kreuzberg was the most populous of Berlin's boroughs even in absolute numbers, with more than 400,000 people, although it was and still is geographically the smallest. As a result, with more than 60,000 people per square kilometer (155,000 people per square mile), Kreuzberg had the highest population density in Berlin.In addition to housing, Kreuzberg was also one center of Berlin's industry. The "export quarter" along Ritter Street consisted of many profitable small businesses, and the "press quarter" along Koch Street (Friedrichstadt) was the home of most of Germany's large newspapers, as well as the Ullstein, Scherl, and Mosse book publishers.Both of these industrial quarters were almost entirely destroyed by air raids during World War II, with the bombings of a single night from February 3, 1945. In remembrance of the old tradition, the Axel Springer press company erected its German headquarters at Kochstraße again, right next to the Berlin Wall.After World War II, Kreuzberg's housing rents were regulated by law which made investments unattractive. As a result, housing was of low quality, but cheap, which made the borough a prime target for immigrants coming to Germany (and Berlin).Starting in the late 1960s, increasing numbers of students, artists, and immigrants began moving to Kreuzberg. Enclosed by the Berlin Wall on three sides, the area became famous for its alternative lifestyle and its squatters, especially the SO 36 part of Kreuzberg. Starting in 1987, there have been violent riots in SO 36 on Labour day.After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Kreuzberg suddenly found itself in the middle of the city again. The initially cheap rents and high degree of 19th century housing made some parts of the borough more attractive as a residential area for a much wider (and richer) variety of people. Today, Kreuzberg has one of the youngest populations of all European city boroughs; statistically, its population has been swapped completely twice in the last two decades.Berlin's 2001 administrative reform combined Kreuzberg with Friedrichshain to form the new borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. Since the two areas are linked only by a single bridge over the Spree River, the Oberbaumbrücke, this combination seemed awkward to many residents. The two areas not being able to agree on a common location for the future borough's city hall, the present location in Friedrichshain was decided by flipping a five-Mark coin. Culture Kreuzberg has historically been home to Berlin's punk rock movement as well as other alternative subcultures in Germany. The SO36 club remains a fixture on the Berlin music scene. It was originally focused on punk music and in the 1970s was often frequented by Iggy Pop and David Bowie. In those days the club rivalled New York's CBGB as one of the finest new-wave venues in the world.There has also been a significant influence stemming from African-American and hip hop culture on Kreuzberg's youth and the area has become a centre for rap and breakdance within Berlin. Though the majority of Kreuzberg's residents are of German or Turkish descent, some identify more with American or African-American culture.Hip hop was largely introduced to the youth of Kreuzberg by the children of American servicemen who were stationed nearby until the reunification of Germany.The Carnival of Cultures, a large annual festival, celebrates different cultures and heritages with colourful street parades and festivities including street entertainment, food, arts and craft stalls, music and art.Kreuzberg has long been the epicenter of LGBTQ life and arts in Berlin. Kreuzberg is home to the Schwules Museum, established in the 1980s and dedicated to preserving, exhibiting, and discovering queer history, art and culture.

14764439292017337016

Q9172434

Wagon Box Fight Background In July 1867, after their annual sun dance at camps on the Tongue and Rosebud rivers, Oglala Lakota warriors under Red Cloud, other bands of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and a few Arapaho resolved to attack the soldiers at nearby Fort C.F. Smith and Fort Phil Kearny. These would be the first major military actions of 1867 against government forces in the area, following up the Native American successes in 1866, including the Fetterman Fight. Unable to agree where to attack first, the Sioux and Cheyenne force — variously estimated at between 300 and 1,000 men — split into two large bodies, moving against Fort C.F. Smith, and a similar number, mostly Sioux and possibly including Red Cloud, headed toward Fort Phil Kearny. In addition to guarding emigrants on the Bozeman Trail, major tasks occupying the 350 soldiers and 100 civilians at Fort Phil Kearny included gathering wood and timber from a pine forest about five miles from the Fort and cutting hay for livestock in prairie areas. These jobs were performed by civilian contractors, usually armed with Spencer repeating rifles and accompanied and guarded by squads of soldiers. The hay cutters and wood gatherers had been a favorite target of the local Indian warriors since Fort Kearny was established one year earlier. The Indians had conducted dozens of small raids, killing several dozen soldiers and civilians, and driving off hundreds of head of livestock for their own use.The soldiers were on the defensive, suffering a lack of horses and trained cavalrymen, and limited by their old weapons, muzzle-loading Springfield Model 1861 muskets. But, the soldiers had recently been issued breech-loading rifles that could fire about three times faster than muzzle-loaders and could be more easily re-loaded from a prone position.The native population were poorly armed, probably possessing only about 200 firearms and fewer than two bullets per gun. Bows and arrows were their basic weapon. While the Indians used these effectively at short range in a fight against a mobile opponent, whether on horseback or on foot, they were ineffective weapons against a well entrenched or fortified enemy.To protect against raids near the pine forest, the civilian contractors had constructed a corral. It consisted of 14 wooden bodies of wagons, which were removed from the chassis and placed on the ground in an oval 60–70 ft (18–21 m) long and 25–30 ft (7.6–9.1 m) wide. Both soldiers and civilians in the wood-cutting details lived in tents outside the corral of wagon boxes but could retreat to it for defense. On July 31, Captain James Powell and his command of 51 troops departed the walls of Fort Kearny on a 30-day assignment to guard the wood cutters. Until then, the summer had been quiet, with few hostile encounters with the local Native Americans, The fight On the morning of August 2, Captain Powell's force was divided. Fourteen soldiers were detailed to escort the wood train to and from the fort; 13 soldiers guarded the wood-cutting camp, about one mile from the wagon box corral. The Indian plan of attack on the woodcutters and soldiers was tried-and-true, similar to the plan used the previous year to kill Fetterman's force, a total of 81 lost. A small group of Indians would entice the soldiers to chase them, leading the men into an ambush by a larger hidden force. Crazy Horse was among the members of the decoy team.The plan broke down when a number of fighters attacked an outlying camp of four woodcutters and four soldiers, killing three of the soldiers. The other soldier and the woodcutters escaped and warned the soldiers near the corral. The pursuing force halted at the woodcutter's camp to loot and seize the large number of horses and mules there, which gave the soldiers taking refuge in the corral time to prepare for the attack. There were 26 soldiers and six civilians in the corral.The first assault on the wagon box corral came from mounted warriors from the southwest, but the raiders encountered heavy fire from the soldiers using the new breech-loaders. The attackers withdrew, regrouped, and launched several further attacks on foot. They killed Powell's second-in-command, Lt. Jenness, and two soldiers. The battle continued from about 7:30 a.m. until 1:30 pm. The defenders had plenty of ammunition, and were well-defended from arrows behind the thick sides of the wagon boxes.The garrison at Fort Kearny learned of the fight from its observation station on Pilot Hill. About 11:30 a.m., Major Benjamin Smith led 103 soldiers out of the fort to the wood camp to relieve the soldiers in the wagon boxes. Smith took with him 10 wagons, driven by armed civilians, and a mountain howitzer. He proceeded carefully and, when he neared the wagon box corral, began firing his cannon at long range. The attackers were forced to withdraw. Smith advanced without opposition to the corral, collected the soldiers, and returned quickly to Fort Kearny. Additional civilian survivors, who had hidden in the woods during the battle, made it back to the fort that night. Aftermath The Wagon Box Fight is prominent in the folklore and literature of the Old West as an example of a small group of well-equipped professionals holding off a much larger but poorly equipped force. The new, faster-shooting rifles are cited as the principal reason for their success.Estimates of casualties among the Sioux and Cheyenne warriors range from "an unlikely low of two to an absurd fifteen hundred." Captain Powell estimated that his men killed 60, a "wildly exaggerated" estimate in the opinion of historian Keenan. The Wagon Box Fight was the last major engagement of Red Cloud's War. Possibly the results of this battle, and the similar Hayfield Fight near Fort C.F. Smith a day earlier, discouraged the native warriors from attempting additional large-scale attacks against government forces. "This was the last large charge Crazy Horse ever led against whites occupying a strong defensive position. He had learned that Indians with bows and arrows could not overwhelm whites armed with breech-loaders inside a fortification." For the remainder of 1867, the Lakota and their allies concentrated on small-scale, hit-and-run raids against parties along the Bozeman Trail.Wyoming has designated the area as a state historic site; a large plaque explains the details of the fight.

83963588256382706

Q7998342

Wickerman Festival 2013 festival The 2013 festival was held on 26 and 27 July, and featured artists such as Primal Scream, Chic, Amy MacDonald and Dexys on the main Summerisle stage. Dance DJs included Matt Hinde, James Ryan and Luke Stanger. The Scooter Tent featured Stiff Little Fingers and The Rezillos. 2012 festival The 2012 festival was held on 20 and 21 July, and featured artists such as The Scissor Sisters, Texas, The View, Newton Faulkner, The Levellers, Matt Hinde and Kassidy. 2011 festival In 2011, artists included Diddums, James, Feeder, The Coral, Echo & The Bunnymen, Noisettes, The Pigeon Detectives, The Hoosiers, Craig Charles Funk and Soul Club (DJ Set), Matt Hinde (DJ Set), The Damned, From The Jam and Reverieme. 2010 festival The 2010 event saw Ocean Colour Scene play the Saturday night headline slot before the ceremonial and spectacular burning of the Wickerman, the 808 State DJ's then rounded off the main stage proceedings. On Friday night the Summerisle stage hosted Teenage Fanclub before a storming set from headliners The Charlatans. DJ Matt Hinde in the Skiddle dance tent once again.Buzzcocks, The Futureheads, Tony Christie, Goldie Lookin' Chain, The Undertones, The Go! Team, Withered Hand, The Saw Doctors, Fenech Soler, Erland and the Carnival, Sons & Daughters, The Grass Mountain Hobos, Back To The Planet, Monkeyrush, The Sex Pistols Experience, Ed Tudor-Pole, The Amphetameanies & Root System all also appeared on various stages over the weekend. 2009 festival The 2009 line up included The Human League headlining on the Friday night, The Zutons closed the Saturday night after Candi Staton. The Dance Tent saw the Hot Chip DJs, Danny Rampling and Matt Hinde on the decks. The Magic Numbers, Billy Bragg, Idlewild, Dreadzone, Zion Train, Utah Saints, The Dickies, Bad Manners, Kid British and Pearl and the Puppets all appeared over the weekend. 2008 festival Artists that played Wickerman 2008 included KT Tunstall, Gary Numan, Matt Hinde (DJ Set), Broken Records, Beatnic Prestige, The Foxes, Dub Pistols, The Cuban Brothers, Hugh Cornwell (ex-Stranglers frontman), Neville Staple, Dream Machine, Monkish, Attic Lights, The Hacienda Tour (featuring Shaun Ryder, Bez, and DJ Graeme Park), X-Press2, Annie Nightingale and Headphone Disco. 2007 festival Artists that performed in 2007 included Fun Lovin' Criminals, The Proclaimers, Hayseed Dixie, The Orb, DJ Matt Hinde, The Negatives, The Targets, The Common Empire, Cider Spiders, Modus, Darkwater, The Call, The Beat, The Rezillos, The Peatbog Faeries, The Yardbirds, Eat Static, Jah Wobble, Neck, Uniting The Elements, I Am Kloot, Skaville UK, Popup, The Low Miffs, The Kazoo Funk Orchestra, Black Affair, Miss The Occupier, Only Joe Kane, Saint Jude's Infirmary, Miss King and the Cougars, John Langhan, Ardent John, Taiko Drummers, Andi Neate, Sally Campbell, Jam Squad!, Andy Lang & the Well, The Stompswampers, Sixpeopleaway, Copy Haho, Our Lunar Activities, How to Swim, Frightened Rabbit, Clean George IV, Dance Lazarus Dance!, and Y'all Is Fantasy Island.Discussing his first ever Wickerman, in 2007, XFM Scotland's Jim Gellatly said: "The most family friendly festival I've been to, and a brilliant weekend. If you're ever tempted to take kids to Glastonbury, at least try out Wickerman first. A pretty successful jaunt all round, and I'm already looking forward to next year."In November 2007, Wickerman won the category of 'Best Grass Roots Festival' at the UK Festival Awards. The only other Scottish festival to win was the John Lennon Festival in Durness. 2006 festival The line up included The Alarm, New Model Army, The Aliens, Sandi Thom, System 7, Matt Hinde (DJ Set) and the Sensational Alex Harvey Band. 2005 festival The 2005 festival was headlined by The Stranglers, Dreadzone, Alabama 3, Arthur Brown, Neville Staples, and Space Ritual. 2004 festival 2004 included Aereogramme, Buzzcocks, The Selector, Spiritualized, AntiProduct and The Levellers. 2003 festival Ozric Tentacles, The Damned, The Beat, Dead Men Walking, UK Subs, Bad Manners & Nine Below Zero 2002 festival Stiff Little Fingers, Spear of Destiny, UK Subs 2001 festival Stiff Little Fingers, Spear of Destiny

4041139601561463064

Q54020539

Brothers' Nest Plot synopsis One cold morning in Victoria, brothers Terry and Jeff arrive at the family home with plans to kill their stepfather, Rodger, who married into the family after the suicide of their biological father. Their motive is to get their dying mother to change her will and testament, as well as to take revenge on Rodger for being an irresponsible parent. Rodger is expected to return home at night to sell the family's horse. Jeff has carefully planned out the murder, intending to electrocute Rodger by killing him with a live radio thrown into a bathtub filled with water. In anticipation of their stepfather Rodger's arrival, Jeff prepares a to-do list, including cleaning the house of evidence, setting up an alibi of the brothers spending the weekend in Sydney, and rehearsing the murder. Terry reluctantly follows instructions, despite expressing fear and doubt towards his brother's intricate planning.During the preparations, Terry has second thoughts about the crime, but Jeff is determined to carry through, leading to constant bickering. This ultimately results in Terry discovering that Jeff is in fact unemployed, and may be simply planning the murder as a means to obtain the family home to escape bankruptcy. Their argument is cut short by the unexpected early arrival of Rodger, and Terry is forced to make conversation in order to stall for time. Rodger reveals that the reason he was so distant in the boys' childhoods was because Jeff was deeply traumatised by their father's suicide, and thought it would be best to give them some space. However, he eventually remembers the brothers' Sydney alibi, and Jeff is forced to reveal himself and ties Rodger up before throwing him into the bathtub. Terry, now regretting the plan, attempts to untie Rodger as Jeff leaves to fetch the radio, but he's unable to free him in time before Jeff throws the radio into the bath, killing Rodger.The brothers start to clean up the scene, but their mother, whom they thought was in hospital, had returned home with Rodger. She becomes impatient of waiting in the car, and enters the house to search for Rodger. Instead, she finds him dead in the bathtub, and grieves over his body while Terry and Jeff discuss their next move. Jeff suggests killing their mother too, which Terry vehemently rejects. As they argue, their mother approaches them and, seeing a pistol in Jeff's hands, taunts Jeff by insulting him and his biological father. Jeff shoots her to the horror of Terry. Terry runs out of the house, while Jeff remains inside and sets up the crime scene to frame Terry. Then, he follows Terry outside, and attempts to shoot Terry with the pistol. However, the gun clicks empty, and Terry reveals that he had removed the remaining bullets from the magazine, and was holding them in his hand. He scatters the ammunition on the floor and punches Jeff. Jeff starts to pick up the bullets to reload the gun, but Terry breaks his arm before he can do so. Jeff then runs away while continuing to reload, but Terry catches up and wrestles the pistol off him just as he finishes, causing the shots to go wide. Terry enters the house to retrieve a knife, and Jeff uses this opportunity to lock himself in Rodger's car, but is forced to come out after Terry lights the petrol tank on fire. Defeated, Jeff is forced to kill himself with the knife Terry hands him.Another car, the buyer for the horse, pulls up to the house. Terry calmly makes conversation about the horse, seemingly oblivious of the carnage behind him as she surveys the scene in horror. As Terry leaves to fetch the horse, she calls the police, but is informed that there has already been a call. Terry returns with the horse just as police sirens can be heard in the distance. She asks him what happened here, to which Terry replies 'just some family stuff'. Reception On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92%, based on 25 reviews, and an average rating of 6.72/10. Awards and nominations Brothers' Nest was nominated for Best Original Screenplay and Best Indie Film at the 8th AACTA Awards.

14861353097028738506

Q8035717

World Federation of Music Therapy The World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT) is an international, non-profit music therapy corporation, organized under the laws of the state of North Carolina in the USA. The WFMT's mission is to promote global awareness of both the scientific and artistic nature of the profession, while also contributing to its development. The Federation advocates for the recognition of music therapy as an evidence-based profession through its support of educational programs, clinical practice, and research. WFMT is divided into eight global regions representing different parts of the world: Africa, Australia/New Zealand, North America, Latin America, Southeast Asia, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific. Detailed listings of countries within each region can be found in the federation's bylaws, posted on its website. History In 2010, the WFMT celebrated its 25th anniversary. The seeds for the development of the World Federation of Music Therapy were sown during the second World Congress of Music Therapy in Buenos Aires in 1976. A group of American, European, and South American music therapists met and started to develop a plan for unity and standards in the international arena of music therapy. Among the ten founding members were Rolando Benenzon (Argentina), Giovanna Mutti (Italy), Jacques Jost (France), Barbara Hesser (USA), Amelia Oldfield (UK), Ruth Bright (Australia), Heinrich Otto Moll (Germany), Rafael Colon (Puerto Rico), Clementina Nastari (Brazil), and Tadeusz Natanson (Poland). The Federation was formally established during the 5th World Congress of Music Therapy in Genoa, Italy, in 1985. Anecdotal reports about the beginnings of WFMT as well as the founder’s motivation can be found at the online journal, Voices. Leadership WFMT leadership consists of 20 individuals serving in a volunteer capacity as officers, commissioners, or regional liaisons. The officers are the President, Past President, Secretary/Treasurer, and the Executive Assistant. The commissioners oversee committees related to one of eight areas: education & training, clinical practice, global crises intervention, publications, research & ethics, accreditation & certification, public relations, and world congress organization. Regional liaisons, a new position as of 2008, reside in the WFMT global regions they represent and collect and disseminate information related to developments in the profession. The Assembly of Student Delegates, started in 2011, consists of student leaders representing each of WFMT's global regions and is facilitated by the Executive Assistant.The WFMT Council uses online sources such as the WFMT website, blog, podcasts, videos, social media, emails and an annual report to communicate with its members and others associated with music therapy. The WFMT Council also holds symposia, panels, and roundtables at major international conferences to inform others about global music therapy developments and the most recent projects in WFMT. World Congresses of Music Therapy The World Congress of Music Therapy is held every three years in a different country. Music therapy professionals and experts in related fields from around the world gather at the congress to share ideas, experiences, trends, and research outcomes. The World Congress of Music Therapy is hosted by a WFMT organizational member in conjunction with a local host.Previous congress locations include:1. Paris, France (1974)2. Buenos Aires, Argentina (1976)3. San Juan, Puerto Rico (1981)4. Paris, France (1983)5. Genoa, Italy (1985) - Founding of the World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT)6. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1990)7. Vitoria, Spain (1993)8. Hamburg, Germany (1996)9. Washington, D.C., USA (1999)10. Oxford, England (2002)11. Brisbane, Australia (2005)12. Buenos Aires, Argentina (2008)13. Seoul, South Korea (2011)14. Vienna and Krems, Austria (2014)15. Tsukuba, Japan (2017)

12849920379710134438

Q5604125

Greenhill School (Addison, Texas) History Greenhill School was founded in 1950 as a co-educational option among the independent schools in Dallas. From 1950-1976, Bernard Fulton served as the founding headmaster, and at the time, he introduced the concepts of independent co-education, the primer program, and open-space education while the school grew from 62 students to 1,002. After he retired from Greenhill School, he became the headmaster of Lakehill Preparatory School, and later, Fulton Academy in Rockwall, Texas, was named after him as well. On October 20, 1990, Governor Bill Clements declared Bernard Fulton Day “for his dedication to the education of young people in Dallas, in Texas, and in the nation."From 1955 to 1959, late State Representative Fred Agnich of Dallas was chairman of the board of the Greenhill School and was instrumental in the early development of the institution.The original Upper School building was a part of a farmhouse that was on the land prior to the school. It also housed Greenhill's library, cafeteria, and administrative offices. Unfortunately, in 1963, a fire decimated the building, leaving nothing in its wake. Due to Greenhill's tenacious spirit, classes resumed only 48 hours later. It took nearly 13 years, but the Upper School students got their new permanent building, named after the beloved founder Bernard Fulton, opening for its first day in 1974. But alas, on the morning of March 30, 1987, the fire department was notified that another fire had started in the Bernard Fulton Upper School building. The building was again decimated, and classes were displaced into library corners and temporary buildings. Again, the bright spirit of Greenhill shown through, and soon the phrase "Greenhill is not buildings.... it's people!" Students and faculty all came together to assist in the clean up and restoration that enabled the reopening of the Bernard Fulton Upper School on February 5, 1988. Academia Greenhill's academic structure consists of each subject having a Division Head while Pre-K-12 Department Chairs supervise the curriculum. The school is divided into four sections: Preschool, Lower School, Middle School, and finally the Upper School, which houses about 471 students (9-12) with about 115 in each grade. In 2001, the school was ranked top 40 in public and private schools in Worth Magazine by the number of matriculants to Harvard University, Princeton, and Yale. Besides these, students in the last four years have been accepted into colleges such as Stanford University, Vassar College, Emory University, Northwestern University, Southern Methodist University, Texas Christian University, Harvard University, New York University, Rice University, Yale University, Wake Forest University, Dartmouth College, Boston College, Brown University, Duke University, Trinity University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Southern California, University of Texas at Austin, Texas A&M University, Pratt Institute, Vanderbilt University, and Washington University in St. Louis. The Upper School offers 15 AP courses. The average SAT scores for the Class of 2008 were 675 verbal, 673 math, and 665 writing. The Class of 2008 also had 21 commended finalists for National Merit scholarships, and 10 actual finalists for the scholarship. Academically, only three other private schools in the Dallas-Fort Worth area have achieved similar levels of prestige: St. Marks School of Texas, the Hockaday School, and Cistercian Preparatory School. In addition to academics, students are also required to complete 48 hours of community service upon graduation. Admissions Greenhill has a population of 1318 students; of those students, 471 of them are enrolled in the Upper School. The Greenhill policy “admits students without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, national or ethnic origin, or disabilities.” The admissions process begins in the fall, and applications are accepted one year prior to the year of expected entrance. Applicants take the CATS test in grades Pre-K to Primer and the ISEE test in grades 1-12. Interviews, academics scores, test scores, Teacher Recommendations, Group observation test, extra-curriculars, athletic achievements, citizenship, and service are evaluated by the committee. After these materials have been noted, the applicant is subject to three decisions: invited, waitpool, and non-acceptance. The Financial Aid Committee works to make sure that Greenhill is an affordable option. Families must reapply for financial aid each year. The Water Tower Each year, the incoming seniors paint the Water Tower in the parking lot with graffiti. They spray their names on it with an overriding theme and picture to depict their grade. First Day of School On the first day of school, students come to school on campus with a painted water tower. The senior class comes to school with females dressed in white and males dressed in black. The whole school also attends an assembly in the Phillips Gymnasium to ring in the new year. Founder's Day Founder's Day is the annual September 11 celebration of Greenhill's establishment on September 11, 1950. The whole school meets in the Phillips Gymnasium for an assembly to commemorate two teachers and honor five faculty members. The Student Council President (a senior) lights the Founder's Day Candle with the current longest working faculty member. During the assembly, the Service-Learning and Community Service Program announces the Estelle Dickens service project for the year. Legacy Heart of the Hill groups are named during this assembly. The Heart of the Hill program brings groups of students from each division—Lower, Middle and Upper—together to help instill a sense of community across the campus. Senior Breakfast The Alumni Association holds the annual senior breakfast in the fall for the graduating seniors. During this time, the graduating seniors meet with alumni and are given their senior sweatshirts. Fine arts Greenhill offers courses of study in visual arts, photography, band, orchestra, choir, dance, technical theater, debate, drama, and video production. Every year, the Upper School Fine Arts program travels to a different school in the country for the ISAS Fine Arts festival.In 2000, the National Forensic League recognized Greenhill Debate as one of the top programs of the 20th Century. Greenhill holds many wins at the National Tournament of Champions. In addition, Greenhill won the Baker Award, given to the overall top policy team in the nation in 2012.Additionally, the school hosts a program called RockTalk which has featured artists such as The Fray, Saving Abel, Simple Plan, Bowling for Soup, Jonathan Tyler and the Northern Lights, Sorta, and Aranda.

9976199393017123123

Q42396622

Callum Hudson-Odoi Early and personal life Hudson-Odoi was born and raised in Wandsworth, Greater London. He is the younger brother of non-League striker Bradley Hudson-Odoi and the second son of former Hearts of Oak Ghanaian midfielder Bismark Odoi.He has a younger brother. Hudson-Odoi was educated at Whitgift School in Croydon. Early career Hudson-Odoi joined Chelsea in 2007 and made his under-18 debut in August 2016. He went on to net eight times in twenty-five appearances in his debut campaign, assisting the under-18's to their eight FA Youth Cup triumph. Following this, Hudson-Odoi was promoted to the under-23 team at the age of sixteen and went on to score four times in three games during their EFL Trophy campaign, including a double in their 2–2 draw with League One team Plymouth Argyle.On 20 December 2017, Hudson-Odoi first appeared in Chelsea's first-team matchday squad in their EFL Cup tie against Bournemouth, remaining as an unused substitute in the 2–1 victory. On 28 January 2018, Hudson-Odoi made his first-team debut in the FA Cup match against Newcastle United. He came off the bench in the 81st minute, replacing Pedro in a 3–0 home victory. His Premier League debut came as a substitute on 31 January in a 3–0 home loss to AFC Bournemouth. 2018–19 season Following an impressive 2018–19 pre-season under the newly appointed Maurizio Sarri, the Italian announced that Hudson-Odoi would stay with the Chelsea first-team squad for the forthcoming campaign. Following this, Hudson-Odoi was handed the number 20 jersey. On 5 August 2018, Hudson-Odoi made his first start for the club during their FA Community Shield defeat to Manchester City, featuring for 59 minutes in the 2–0 loss. In his first Europa League start against PAOK, he scored his first goal for the senior team, which went on to win 4–0 at Stamford Bridge on 29 November.On 5 January 2019, in Chelsea's FA Cup third-round opener against Nottingham Forest, he assisted both of Álvaro Morata's goals in a 2–0 win. During the January transfer window Hudson-Odoi was reportedly the subject of multiple transfer bids from Bayern Munich, with Chelsea's assistant manager Gianfranco Zola and Bayern's director of sport Hasan Salihamidžić both confirming the interest. Chelsea boss Maurizio Sarri criticised Bayern Munich's public conduct. On 26 January 2019, it was announced that Hudson-Odoi had put in an official transfer request. However, he was selected for Chelsea's next match the following day, a home tie in the FA Cup against Sheffield Wednesday. Hudson-Odoi played 90 minutes, scoring in a 3–0 win. Two days later, Sarri confirmed that Hudson-Odoi would be staying at the club.In March 2019, Chelsea complained about alleged racism aimed at Hudson-Odoi during a match against Dynamo Kiev. He was later offered counselling for the incident. On 3 April, he made his first league start for Chelsea and assisted Olivier Giroud for the opening goal in a 3–0 win over Brighton. In doing so, he became the youngest player to assist a goal on his first start for the club in the Premier League era, aged 18 years and 146 days. On 22 April 2019, Hudson-Odoi was removed in the first half of a match against Burnley with an injury to his Achilles tendon, ruling him out for the rest of the season. 2019–20 season In July 2019, after Frank Lampard was appointed as Chelsea head coach, Lampard said of Hudson-Odoi: "He can show, right here at Chelsea, the team he came through the academy at, that he is going to be a world-class player – because I truly believe that." Following much speculation about Hudson-Odoi's future, he signed a new five-year contract with Chelsea on 20 September 2019. In October 2019 he said he had made the right choice in staying with the club. International career Eligible for both England and Ghana, Hudson-Odoi has represented England at every age group from under-16 to under-19 level. In April 2017, he was included in the squad for the 2017 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. He scored in the semi-final against Turkey and again in the final, although England eventually lost to Spain on a penalty shoot-out. His performances led to him being included in the team of the tournament. Hudson-Odoi was also an influential figure during England's 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup campaign, netting once in seven appearances and featuring for the entire 90 minutes during their 5–2 final victory over Spain.In March 2018, Hudson-Odoi scored for England under-18 in a match against Belarus. In September 2018 he scored for the England under-19 team against Belgium.He was called-up by the England under-21 team for the first time in March 2019. A few days later, following injury to some of the senior squad players, he was called up to Gareth Southgate's senior squad for UEFA Euro 2020 qualifiers against Czech Republic and Montenegro. Upon receiving his maiden call-up, Hudson-Odoi said he was "shocked" and described it as "a dream come true". He made his debut on 22 March as a 70th-minute substitute in a 5–0 win over the Czech Republic at Wembley Stadium. Upon doing so, he became the youngest-ever player to make his debut in a competitive match for England, aged 18 years and 135 days, breaking the record set by Duncan Edwards in 1955 by 40 days.Three days later, he made his first competitive start for England and impressed in a 5–1 win over Montenegro, registering an assist for one of Chelsea teammate Ross Barkley's two goals. Upon making his full debut, he became the second youngest ever player to start a competitive match for England, after Wayne Rooney in April 2003, and following the match manager Gareth Southgate praised him for his application.On 11 October 2019, Hudson-Odoi made his England U-21 debut during a 2–2 draw against the Slovenia U-21s in Maribor.

17667806603174857640

Q307738

Cover test Medical use The cover test is regarded as an essential examination in investigating strabismus. It is simple to undertake, does not require great amounts of skill by the examiner and is objective in nature.To ensure that the test is executed accurately and that the maximal amount of information is obtained, it is paramount that the appropriate fixation targets are used for near (approximately 33 cm), distance (3m) and far distance (>3m) and also that a cover consisting of a black ‘paddle’ is used. A translucent occluder paddle may also be used. This enables the examiner to see the eye's position behind the occluder.Many characteristics of a strabismus can be gained from performing the cover test. Fixation Targets Fixation targets are required for both the near (33 cm) and far (6m) components of the cover test.Near Targets (33 cm)Light source – A penlight/light from retinoscope or ophthalmoscope could be used at the start of the near cover test assessment to observe the patient's corneal reflections, and to see whether their fixation is steady, central and maintained. Assessing the patient's fixation is especially important in those patients who suffer from amblyopia.Detailed target – Any small object that has the ability to stimulate Accommodation (eye) and allow the examiner to assess the patient's fixation. For children, very small pictures like those seen on a Lang stick can be used. Whereas for adults a small Snellen chart letter or number can be used.Distance Targets (6m)Spotlight – In those patients with amblyopia a spotlight could be used. (Same as near targets).Snellen chart – This is the most commonly used target when assessing a patient's far component of a cover test.Small landmark – Any fixed landmark at eye level, which can be seen through a window.Stationary Toy – Fixed, talking toys are often used in children when their fixation is difficult to obtain when assessing the far component of the cover test.Note: That when using any of the targets above (near or far), it is vital that they are placed as close to the patient's eye level as possible. This will eliminate any inaccurate results. Also during the cover test, the examiner must make sure that the patient is clearly seeing the fixation targets to confirm their Accommodation (eye) is controlled. Practical Application Stages in the detection of a manifest deviationWhen a patient has a manifest strabismus the uncovered eye will take up fixation when the fixing eye is covered. The cover/ uncover test is performed at near using a flashlight as a target. Shining a light in the patient's eye allows the orthoptist to observe their corneal reflection. When the eyes are straight the corneal reflections will be located centrally in each pupil. When the patient has a deviation one corneal reflection will be in the centre of the pupil and the other reflection will be on or close to the iris. When detecting a manifest deviation the Orthoptist covers the straight eye if a deviation is apparent or the eye with the better VA. Observe the behaviour of the uncovered eye.This procedure is now repeated with an accommodative target. Ask the patient to look at a fixation stick that has a picture or a letter and observe the deviation at near and distance.An alternate cover test is performed to ensure full dissociation, observe any changes in the amount and type of movement.Lastly, repeat the cover/uncover test and note whether the eye remains deviated or returns to its original position.Stages in the detection of a latent deviationWhen searching for a latent deviation our attention is directed to the covered eye. When performing the cover/uncover test the uncovered eye does not move; however the eye that is under the cover will deviate and return to a straight position when the cover is removed.The uncover/cover test is also performed at near and distance with an accommodative target. Once a cover/uncover test has been performed to confirm the presence of a manifest deviation our attention is turned to the behavior of the covered eye. It is important that when observing the covered eye look at the speed and recovery of the eye when the cover is removed.An alternate cover test is also performed and this provides information about the maximum deviation. The speed that the eye recovers indicates the patient's control over the deviation. The faster the recovery the better control the patient has over the deviation.Finally, a cover/uncover test must be performed again to ensure the deviation has remained latent and recovery is the same. Precautions Cautions to be noted in avoidance of misdiagnoses /contamination of resultsIt is important to avoid prolonged periods of dissociation of the eyes until a diagnosis can be made regarding the strabismus.Hence, the importance to note that although the eyes require dissociation for a minimum of three seconds, that dissociation is kept minimal whilst fixation is maintained.The cover test should be considered prior to testing VA patients with strabismus, for occlusion during testing may dissociate an unstable ocular deviation. In the case of intermittent or latent deviations, for dissociative complications leading to misdiagnosis, it is also advised that binocular vision is tested prior, along with stereo testing.Frequently, during testing, the cover can be removed prematurely; therefore, as mentioned earlier, dissociation of at least three seconds is needed for the patient to take up fixation during cover testing. This time allows for patients to recover from dissociation post cover removal.A penlight should be used to observe the steadiness and positioning of the deviated eye.Ensure to assist the patient in maintaining fixation on accommodative or distance targets at all times - if testing on children or adults, request specific details pertaining to the accommodative target (to assure accommodation is utilized) for near testing. Use of a detailed target for near fixation in both adults and children will identify the effects of accommodation on the deviation. Observing pupillary constriction should also be indicative of accommodation.Cover-Uncover testing and alternate cover testing should be performed on the deviating eye even when a constant heterotropia is observed. This practice ensures the detection of a consistent increase in deviation and DVD isn't neglected.The presence of orthophoria in uncommon when assessing both near and far fixation. VA must be considered when there is no deviation seen upon cover testing given amblyopic eyes may not take up fixation (VA too poor to see target or eccentric fixation).Microtropia may be present when a small unequal VA is recorded.

3953709969309319014

Q1596356

Marty Willson-Piper Early life Willson-Piper was born in Stockport, Cheshire, on 7 May 1958 and grew up as a teenager in Thingwall, on The Wirral, about 7 mi (11 km) from Liverpool’s city centre. He has a brother who is 7 years older and his mother had another child in between who died soon after birth who was named Robin. Willson-Piper also has an adopted sister called Shelagh.When he was 3 years old the family moved from Compstall, where his parents had a pub called The Commercial, to a house just outside Marple Bridge near Glossop. Sometime around 1970 the family moved again to Birch Vale in Derbyshire, a small village between New Mills and Hayfield where his parents took on another pub after his father lost his job when the company he worked for went bankrupt. The pub was called The Grouse Hotel.His father then got a job in Liverpool and the family packed up from this old pub in the country and moved into a small flat in Thingwall on the Wirral Peninsula between Heswall and Arrowe Park. At 14 he was taught the guitar by his brother who was a member of a cabaret band called The Hiltons. Willson-Piper soon started his own band with school friends Dare and David Mason, Gary Williams and Jimmy Waterson.After leaving school at 16, Willson-Piper worked various jobs including stints at Walls ice cream factory and being a door to door salesman. He soon travelled to mainland Europe (France, Spain and Germany) busking outside train stations and working odd jobs such as grape collecting.He moved to Australia in April 1980. Willson-Piper went along to see an early performance of The Church (then a three-piece) and was asked to join the band a few days before his 22nd birthday in May 1980. The Church On 6 May 1980, Willson-Piper joined The Church on guitar, vocals and bass guitar, alongside Steve Kilbey, Peter Koppes and Nick Ward. Willson-Piper's sound was influenced by guitarists such as Tom Verlaine and Bill Nelson.Willson-Piper contributed to most of the Church's studio releases and was a member almost continuously from 1980 to 2013. The only exception is the 1997 album Pharmakoi/Distance-Crunching Honchos with Echo Units, which only featured Kilbey, Koppes and drummer Tim Powles and was released as by "The Refo:mation".In 2013, Kilbey announced on the band's Facebook page that former Powderfinger guitarist Ian Haug had replaced Willson-Piper, who Kilbey explained was "not available" for the recording of a new album and subsequent touring. Solo career & Noctorum Willson-Piper has maintained a steady solo output since the mid-1980s, releasing six solo studio albums and three live solo albums.Four of his albums are collaborations with long-time friend Andy 'Dare' Mason (who has produced and played on Willson-Piper's solo releases) under the name Noctorum.In September 2015, Willson-Piper's own jam band Acres Of Space embarked on a tour of the United States, featuring his eldest daughter Signe Carlberger on backing vocals and his long-time friend Hannah Moorhead on bass. During the spring and summer of 2016, Acres of Space toured the Eastern half of the United States. In December 2016 / January 2017 Acres Of Space played four electric shows in Chile with Willson-Piper's wife Olivia Willson-Piper on violin. Marty and Olivia Willson-Piper have been touring as an acoustic duo, playing shows in Uruguay, Argentina, all over the United States and Germany. An eight-date UK tour is scheduled for March 2019. In Deep Music Archive Willson-Piper is an avid record collector. His music archive, the In Deep Music Archive (named after Argent's 1973 album In Deep), is an eclectic collection of music in many forms. An historical and contemporary library of various physical formats: vinyl, CD, cassette, reel to reel tape, 8 track, 78 rpm, VHS, DVD, Laser discs, reference books, encyclopedias, catalogues, biographies and magazines. The archive's digital presence is the In Deep Music Archive website with regular posts about both popular and more obscure artists included in the collection. Collected by Willson-Piper over the past 50 years, the archive has grown into a collection through a life of scouring the record stores around the world, but also through donations from friends, fans and record labels. It currently holds an estimated 50,000 vinyl records and is located in Penzance, Cornwall, UK. Personal life Willson-Piper is a vegetarian and an agnostic. He neither smokes nor drinks alcohol. He has two daughters, Signe and Charlotte. Willson-Piper is married to violinist Olivia Willson-Piper and was married once before to Australian Lucy Stewart in the early eighties.He has lived in London, New York, Sydney, Madrid, Amsterdam and Stockholm and speaks Swedish.

4800575252900385048

Q16195574

Kyōko Hashimoto AV debut Hashimoto was born in Saitama Prefecture, Japan on February 15, 1964. She entered the adult video (AV) industry as early as 1984 with the video 3 Sisters Live Performance for the Boxland company. She also performed in a second Boxland video in 1984, Honban gāru anzu, chomechome sarechatta no Hashimoto Kyōko. Another early work was the 1986 Sexy Video Club 16 for the pioneering AV studio Cosmos Plan.In the mid to late 1980s she also appeared in a number of hardcore uncensored underground ("urabon") photobooks. Pink film By late 1985, she was working in pink film, with a role in director Sachi Hamano's Misshitsuhen Taichōkyō (密室変態調教) which was released in October 1985 by Million Film. Two months later she appeared in the Nikkatsu Roman Porno film Zetsurin gal: Yaruki mun mun directed by Yōjirō Takita. Hashimoto again worked with director Takita in the March 1986 Nikkatsu Roman Porno production Za mania: Kaikan seitai jikken with a screenplay by Shirō Yumeno. In June 1986, Hashimoto had the starring role in Sexy Battle Girls for Shintōhō Eiga, a takeoff on the mid-1980s television show Sukeban Deka, where she plays a high-school girl who battles an evil headmaster using her special sexual ability, the "Venus Crush". At the 8th Zoom-Up Film Festival in 1987, Hashimoto won the Best Actress award for her films in 1986.In another Shintōhō Eiga film, the 1987 Lesbian Harem directed by Tomoaki Hosoyama, Hashimoto played a lesbian who with her lover have decided to commit suicide but are instead enslaved by the queen of a lesbian realm. In 1989, Hashimoto received further recognition for her pink film performances, garnering a Best Supporting Actress award at the first Pink Grand Prix ceremony for her work in the 1988 Genuine Masturbation: Finger Play and other films. Among her other 1988 films was Last Cabaret, the second to last of Nikkatsu's Roman Porno series. The film, about a cabaret forced to close and the owner's daughter, who, depressed over the situation, searches for the club's former hostesses (Hashimoto among them), has been taken as a metaphor for the demise of the studio itself.In 1989, Hashimoto performed in two pink film projects for director Masahiro Kasai and Cinema Ark. The first was the supernatural themed Abnormal Excitement: Nao Saejima in October, which won Best Film of the year at the Pink Grand Prix ceremony. Then she appeared in the November 1989 release Molester's Train: Get On from The Back!, part of the long-running Molester's Train series.Hashimoto took one of the Best Actress awards for 1991 films at the Pink Grand Prix for her starring role in The Masturbating Lesbians, which was directed by Yutaka Ikejima and distributed by Xces. In the six years from late 1985 to the end of 1991, Hashimoto appeared in at least 90 films, many of them for the Shintōhō Eiga studio. This was a period of crisis for the pink film industry largely caused by the advent of adult videos in Japan and Hashimoto was known as "the last pink actress" (最後のピンク女優), with the meaning that she was likely to be the last successful actress in the genre. Later career In November 1992, Hashimoto had a featured role in a mainstream film, the superhero comedy Daikansho kamen (大感傷仮面), and in 1995 she had a small role as a reporter in the video (and later film) Weather Woman for director Tomoaki Hosoyama, with whom she had earlier worked in Lesbian Harem.Hashimoto had retired from the pink film scene but returned in September 2002 when she once again teamed up with director Yutaka Ikejima in his Delivery Health Girl: The Moisture of Silken Skin where she played Akino, a delivery health girl (call girl). In November 2003, she starred in another pink film, Lesbian Mother-in-Law: Son Exchange with Motoko Sasaki.Hashimoto also resumed work in adult videos in 2002 co-starring with Madoka Ozawa and Yumika Hayashi in the Moodyz production Shitamachi Mixed Bathouse Story. Then from 2009 to 2012, she appeared in five videos for Attackers (including two entries in their "Slave Castle" series), all directed by Shinichi Kawamura.

4926629560906399894

Q958190

Risk II Classic Risk Classic style employs the standard rules of Risk (depending on version, see below), which is one attack move at a time from one location. In this game type, you can attack as many times as you like, and may move through multiple territories with one army, although at least one unit has to be left in any territory you capture. You may also retreat from an attack and move units from one territory to a bordering territory at the end of your attack turn. Real Time Risk Real Time Risk is a completely different concept, and mostly suited for digital play. A player may use two or more different armies from one or more different territories to attack a bordering territory.After placing reinforcements and making a move, the map will show the moves of all players and where they will attack. Then, each battle is fought battle individually (unless AI are battling each other; in that case, it is automatically resolved) until all moves have been played.The Real Time concept requires dynamically different strategies from that of the Classic game. An attack from 2 or more territories to a single enemy territory is called a 'Mass Invasion'. If two different players attack a territory that fails to defend them, then a 'Spoils of War' battle ensues at the end of the turn between the two armies who fought for the territory in question. A player may only move through one territory at a time when attacking, although each player is granted a 'Surge Attack', which can be used to thrust a designated number of soldiers from a newly acquired territory into a neighbouring one. If two armies meet when attacking, a 'Border Clash' battle occurs, which is the first to be resolved.The dice are also different, and create a new strategy for using armies. If a player uses 3 armies to attack (over 3 bordering territories), the player will use 3 dice. If a player uses just one army, he will only use one die and so forth. Also, the greater the number of soldiers in the army, the different color of die. The darker the color, the more "loaded" the die is. For example, if an attacking territory has 30 or more soldiers, it will receive a black die, which will usually roll 4-6's, whereas an army of 5 or less will use a white die, which rolls lower numbers more often. The other "loaded" ranks, from highest to lowest are: red, orange, yellow.As a result, the ranks range from white, yellow, orange, red (dark), and a deep black.Since the battle greatly favors the side that uses mass invasions (they get more dice), sitting back and defending is not a good idea. It is not uncommon for a two sided mass invasion to crash a defending army that is twice the invasion size. The player should try to mobilize all border forces to attack whenever possible. This way the player can avoid the enemy mass invasions and fight some fair border clashes battle, damaging the enemy in the process. Most of the time, the benefit of holding a continent border territory is not worth the risk of losing a mass number of soldiers from enemy mass invasions. In addition, since the enemy is only allowed one surge attack per round, the damage he can do to the player's inner territory is limited. In fact, the enemy that surge attack deep into the player's territory risk having it crashed by the player's mass invasions in the next round, assuming the player can provide a reasonable resistance. Tournament Tournament employs both Classic and Same Time rules. There are 16 different rounds of ascending difficulty, and you are scored after every round. If you are killed during any round, your tournament ends. The aim is to gain as many points as possible. You gain points for completing your objective and bonus points for eliminating opposing players. There is a scoreboard which is pre-filled with different players before play. Versions Two versions of Risk II were developed: the U.S. version (v1.01u) and the European version (v1.01e). This was necessary because the board game rules actually differ slightly based on where the game is played. In the U.S. version, the "trade-on-the-fly rule," which forces a player to trade cards in the middle of a turn if he or she has more than the 5-card maximum, is in effect. In the European version, there is no "trade-on-the-fly". There is also a difference in the options a player has when rolling dice to defend a territory with two battalions. In the European version of Risk II a player may only roll one die while in the US version a player may choose to roll two dice or one die (to defend with either one or two battalions). The two versions of Risk II are however, completely compatible with each other when used in multi-player games online or across a network. Whichever version is installed by the host of the game is the version that will be used for each player. In the classic board game Risk, the U.S. version uses ascending card trade-in values (4 additional reinforcements, then 6,8,10,12,15,20,25,...), while the European version uses set card trade-in values (Infantry-4, Cavalry-6, Cannon-8, One of each-10). In Risk II, both versions have the option of using ascending or set trade-in values, and also an additional option of ascending by one (4,5,6...), which is a compromise between ascending and set.each one 10 point Online play Originally the MSN Gaming Zone supported free online play for Risk II, though it ceased support of the game on January 31, 2006. As of 2019 it is possible to play online using the computerprogram GameRanger. It detects the game installation automatically and it is also possible to manually select the Risk II directory.

6176807899932780469

Q1802419

State government Australia The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal nation with six states (and two mainland territories). Section 51 of the Australian Constitution sets out the division of legislative power between the states and the Commonwealth (federal) government. The Commonwealth government is given a variety of legislative powers, including control of foreign policy, taxation (although this cannot discriminate between states or parts of states), and regulation of interstate commerce and corporations. Since the original ratification of the constitution, the High Court of Australia has settled a number of disputes concerning the extent of the Commonwealth's legislative powers, some of which have been controversial and extensively criticised; these included a dispute in 1982 over whether the Commonwealth was entitled to designate land for national heritage purposes under United Nations agreements, as well as numerous disputes over the extent of the Commonwealth's power over trade union and industrial relations legislation.One difference between the Australian and United States models of federalism is that, in Australia, the Commonwealth Parliament has explicit constitutional power over marriage legislation; this has been a focal point for recent controversies over same-sex marriage. Government structure Each state of Australia has a governor, who represents the Queen of Australia (currently Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom) and performs the ceremonial duties of a head of state. Every state also has a parliament; most states have a bicameral parliament, except for Queensland, where the upper chamber (the Legislative Council) was abolished in 1922. Like their Indian counterparts, Australian states have a Westminster system of parliamentary government; the head of government, known in each state as a Premier, is drawn from the state parliament. India In India, the state governments are the level of governments below the Union government. India is a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary system of government. The Republic is governed in terms of the Constitution of India. Sovereignty is shared between the union and the state government, but the union government is given greater powers. The President is the constitutional head Executive of the State. Real executive power vests in a Union Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as head of government. The States resembles the federal system. In the states, the Governor is the head of Executive, but real executive power vests with the Chief Minister who heads the Council of Ministers. The judicial setup of the country is headed by the Chief Justice of India at federal level, who presides over one of the largest judicial apparatus dispensing criminal, civil and all other forms of litigation, and Chief Justices of the High Courts at state level. The government head of its legal wing is the Attorney General of India at federal level and Advocate General at state level. Nigeria In Nigeria, States are constituent political entities, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria. In the Nigerian Constitution all powers not granted to the States are reserved to the Federal Government. Pakistan In Pakistan, the provincial governments are the level of government below the federal government. Pakistan is a Sovereign Islamic Republic and a unitary Parliamentary Multi-party system form of a National Government.The Provincial Government Head by the Elected Chief Minister . South Africa South Africa is divided into nine provinces which have their own elected governments. Chapter Six of the Constitution of South Africa describes the division of power between the national government and the provincial governments, listing those "functional areas" of government that are exclusively reserved to the provincial governments and those where both levels of government have concurrent powers; the remaining areas not listed are reserved to the national government. In areas where both levels have concurrent powers there is a complex set of rules in the event of a conflict between national and provincial legislation. Generally in such a case the provincial legislation prevails, but national legislation may prescribe standards and frameworks for provinces to follow, and may prevent provinces from adversely affecting national interests or the interests of other provinces. The functional areas in which the provincial governments have powers include agriculture, arts and culture, primary and secondary education, the environment and tourism, health, housing, roads and transport, and social welfare.The provincial governments are structured according to a parliamentary system in which the executive is dependent on and accountable to the legislature. The unicameral provincial legislature is elected by party-list proportional representation, and the legislature in turn elects one of its members as Premier to head the executive. The Premier appoints an Executive Council (a cabinet), consisting of members of the legislature, to administer the various departments of the provincial administration. United States Under the 10th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, all governmental powers not granted to the Federal government of the United States nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

10698438102179834517

Q2708911

Pennsboro, West Virginia Geography Pennsboro is located at 39°17′1″N 80°58′2″W (39.283528, -80.967097).According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.73 square miles (7.07 km²), of which, 2.70 square miles (6.99 km²) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km²) is water. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 1,171 people, 522 households, and 312 families residing in the city. The population density was 433.7 inhabitants per square mile (167.5/km²). There were 590 housing units at an average density of 218.5 per square mile (84.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.0% of the population.There were 522 households of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.6% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.2% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.85.The median age in the city was 41.7 years. 21.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 1,199 people, 515 households, and 340 families residing in the city. The population density was 550.8 people per square mile (212.4/km²). There were 604 housing units at an average density of 277.5 per square mile (107.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.67% White, 0.25% African American, 0.42% Native American, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.75% of the population.There were 515 households out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.89.In the city, the population was spread out with 22.9% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.The median income for a household in the city was $24,120, and the median income for a family was $30,313. Males had a median income of $26,964 versus $20,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,325. About 16.5% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.1% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.

2648880000560163519

Q5486295

Frank Drea Background Drea was born in St. Catharines, Ontario, and educated at Canisius College in Buffalo, New York. He was hired by the Toronto Telegram in 1955, and was a long-time reporter and columnist at the paper. In 1961, he won the National Newspaper Award and the Heywood Broun Award for Crusading Journalism for his work as a labour reporter for his coverage of a strike by Italian-Canadian building trade workers.From 1963 to 1965, he worked as public relations director for the United Steel Workers of America in Sudbury, Ontario. A fervent anti-Communist, Drea played a leading role in the Steelworkers' unsuccessful campaign to raid and destroy the Communist Party influenced Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers Union which had dominated the mining industry in Sudbury. Drea's campaign was a failure, and he was fired.He returned to the Telegram in 1965 as the paper's Action Line columnist, serving as an early consumer advocate. He remained with the newspaper until shortly before its demise in 1971. He also served with Dale Goldhawk as an outspoken, open-line host at CHIC Radio in Brampton, Ontario and worked for CTV on the public affairs program W5. Politics Drea was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1971 provincial election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament for Scarborough Centre. He defeated incumbent New Democrat Margaret Renwick by 4,873 votes. Drea was re-elected with smaller pluralities in the 1975 and 1977 elections, and by a larger percentage in 1981.After serving for several years on the backbench, he was brought into the provincial cabinet of Bill Davis following the 1977 provincial election as Minister of Correctional Services. He initiated reforms in the province's system of jails, including the closure of the original Don Jail. On entering cabinet, Drea publicly revealed his battle with alcoholism, pledging to stop drinking in order to set an example for prisoners.In 1978, he was appointed Minister of Consumer and Commercial Relations. After the 1981 provincial election, he became Minister of Community and Social Services, and is credited with improving the status of people with disabilities. In September 1983 he was hospitalized with circulation problems. He briefly gave up his cabinet position from September 29, 1983 to November 21, 1983. Citizenship and Culture minister Bruce McCaffrey was named to act in his place during this time.He served in cabinet until Bill Davis retired as Premier of Ontario in 1985. Drea supported Roy McMurtry's bid to succeed Davis as party leader, and voted for Larry Grossman on the second ballot following McMurtry's elimination. He supported Frank Miller over Grossman on the third and final ballot. Drea explained that he had planned to support Miller after McMurtry's elimination, and only went to Grossman for one ballot on McMurtry's recommendation. He was not re-appointed to Miller's cabinet and instead served as parliamentary assistant to the premier. Drea was disappointed at being dropped from cabinet and decided not to run in the 1985 election. He said, "I'm not wanted so, I won't be running." He reflected on his time in politics. "I'm happy," he said. "I've had 14 marvellous years with Mr. Davis ... the greatest living Canadian." Later life Drea was appointed to the Ontario Municipal Board by Miller in May 1985. His tenure there was short as Miller's successor, Liberal Premier David Peterson, appointed Drea as chairman of the Ontario Racing Commission four month later. Drea remained chairman until 1994 when Bob Rae's NDP government decided not to reappoint him. He would not speculate on the reason for dropping him from the position. "I don't know why they're doing it," he shrugged. "It's like ball players. You get hired. You get fired." During his tenure as chairman he introduced teletheatres for simulcasting races across the province and was responsible for saving racetrack operations in Windsor, Elmira and Sudbury. He died on January 15, 2003 from pneumonia.

597109761749566080

Q5111969

Christopher Borough Christopher Borough or Christopher Burrough (fl. 1579 – 1587), son of Steven Borough, was an English adventurer, navigator and translator and the chronicler of one of the most interesting journeys into Persia recorded in the pages of Richard Hakluyt. He was fluent in Russian. Biography As part of the Muscovy Company, he left Gravesend on 19 June 1579. The fleet, having arrived at St. Nicholas in the White Sea on 22 July, descended the Northern Dwina to Vologda. Proceeding thence overland to the left bank of the Volga, they once more reshipped in three barks at Yaroslaw on 14 September, terminating the first portion of their voyage down the Volga at Astrakhan on 16 October 1579, where they wintered.Borough and his party, leaving Arthur Edwards, the chief agent, in charge at Astrakhan, embarked on 1 May 1580 on board an English-built bark for Persia. After having cleared the intricate navigation of the mouths of the Volga, but not without damage and loss, they made for Derbent or some convenient port near it. Owing, however, to adverse winds, they were carried as far south as the Apsheron Peninsula, where they anchored off Bildh (Biala). Here they were entertained by the captain or governor of Baku, who directed them to make once more for Derbent, the chief emporium for traffic in those parts. Here they traded for silk and other goods from 22 June to 3 October.Borough's descriptions of Derbent and the neighbourhood of the ancient city of the fire-worshippers, Baku, are most interesting, as showing, on the one hand, the growth of the Turkish power, and, on the other, the decadence of the Persian power on the then little-known shores of the Caspian Sea. Borough's thorough nautical training, received at the hands of both his father and uncle, is shown in the series of carefully made observations for latitude which are to be found in his narrative, and which are probably the earliest made with any degree of accuracy for these parts. After plying on and off the coast between Derbent and Baku to pick up stragglers, including two Spaniards who had fled from the Goletta near Tunis, Borough's party returned to Astrakhan after many perils at sea on 4 December 1580, where they once more wintered. On the return of the open weather in April 1581, the traders to Persia set out on their homeward journey, and arrived at Rose Island, near St. Nicholas, on 16 July. The ship (William and John), laden with proceeds of the Persian voyage, shortly afterwards sailed for England, and arrived in the Thames on 25 September 1581.Borough's account of this journey was entitled Aduertisements and reports of the 6th voyage into the parts of Persia and Media for the Company of Merchants for the discouerie of new trades, in the yeares 1579, 80, and 81, gathered out of sundrie letters written by Christopher Burrough, servant to the saide companie, and sent to his uncle, Master William Burrough. From another series of observations for latitude appended to the advertisements, made between July and November 1581, it would appear that Borough did not return to England with the fleet in that year, but found employment in visiting the English houses between Archangel and Astrakhan, where many of the observations were made.In November 1587, Borough addressed a letter to the governors of the Muscovy Company upon their affairs in Russia; this document, probably on account of its great length, has not yet received the attention it deserves. Among other things, it seems to expose in the strongest possible way the devious policy of Sir Jerome Horsey and his harsh treatment of J. Peacock and other agents sent out by the company in 1585. In this letter is a discussion of the decay and improvement of the Russia trade.

3914618165005949875

Q2077900

Peter Rolfe Vaughan Biography Vaughan was born in Limbury near Luton, Bedfordshire in the UK on 10 March 1935, the son of Ernest Alfred Vaughan, a civil servant, and Clarise Marjory Ward, a school teacher, and was educated at Luton Grammar School before going on to do a BSc at Imperial College. He played rugby for his school, the college and for the Luton Grammar School old boys team. He graduated in 1956 and went to work for two years for Sandeman Kennard & Partners as an assistant engineer on the design of various dams in the north of England before returning to Imperial to do a diploma course in Soil Mechanics. He received his PhD in 1963 at Imperial College for his research on the instrumentation of earthworks (thesis title Field measurements in earth dams under the supervision of Alan W. Bishop) before going to work in Africa in 1964, where he was supervising engineer on the construction of the embankments of the Kainji Dam in Nigeria.He continued to mix working in the academic environment of Imperial College with working on engineering projects in the real world for his entire career. He was project engineer for Cow Green Embankment Dam and the Balderhead Dam in the late sixties and lecturer, senior lecturer then reader in the Soil Mechanics Section of Imperial College in the seventies and eighties, becoming Professor of Ground Engineering in 1987 and emeritus professor on his retirement in 1996. During this time he carried out extensive research in subjects such as the properties of weak rocks, stiff clays, residual and other structured soils. He was an internationally recognised expert in the design and deterioration of earthworks and fills, embankment dams and natural or man-made slopes. His expertise also included seepage, residual strength and pore pressure measurement and its interpretation. His academic post at Imperial included supervising more than twenty PhD programmes and publishing some 80 papers on technical subjects. He was also an acclaimed and amusing lecturer, having given numerous lectures to international conferences and the Rankine Lecture to the British Geotechnical Association in 1994. An example of his style is given in an article published in the Guardian on Wednesday 1 February 2006:"Much seems to depend on words; many people seem to think "reservoir" a rather unpleasant one, and Hattersley admits that he was one. My advice to any reservoir promoter is never say "reservoir", say "lake". Even better, say "wetland habitat". Better still, promote it as a leisure amenity. ("There will be bird watching, cycling, fishing, picnicking, sailing and walking and you can get it all for free if we sometimes sell some of the water to the local water undertaking.") If all else fails, ask for some extra land beside it, cut the grass short, plant 18 little flags and call it a "lateral water hazard"."Peter Vaughan was an active consultant throughout his career. One of the founding members of Geotechnical Consulting Group he gave specialist advice to consulting firms, contractors, utilities and public authorities on a wide range of problems, such as the reconstruction of Carsington Dam after its failure during construction, and Roadford Dam, where he was a member of the Advisory Panel. He was involved with a review of dam performance for Ardleigh Dam, Essex, a safety review for Mica Dam, Canada, and the rehabilitation of the three dams of the Cascade of Dauga in Latvia for which he was a member of the Advisory Panel. He was involved extensively with the rehabilitation of old clay embankments for London Underground Limited.He travelled widely on both consultancy work and giving lectures to international engineering bodies. His spare time was taken up with fly fishing and enjoying fine wines, good food and better company. A very generous associate, colleague or friend, he never married and he died of a heart attack at his home in Sufolk on 16 May 2008.

152946866339617286

Q77390

Christoph Ahlhaus Personal life Ahlhaus was born on 28 August 1969 in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, where he grew up. From 1988 to 1990 he completed an apprenticeship for banking, and from that same year went on to study law at the universities of Heidelberg, Munich, Berlin, and Speyer . In 1998 he did a clerkship, with a station at the German University of Administrative Sciences in Speyer. In 1999 he qualified as an attorney.Since May 2006, he has been married to Simone Ahlhaus (née Götz).Ahlhaus was a member of the fraternity Turnerschaft Ghibellinia zu Heidelberg.In the summer of 2014 Ahlhaus moved with his family to Berlin. There he works as a lawyer in a law firm. Politics in the CDU Christoph Ahlhaus, who represented the CDU from 1985, was Chairman of the municipality association of Heidelberg-Altstadt-Schlierbach and Deputy Chairman of the District Association of Heidelberg until 2001.From 2001 to 2006 he was regional secretary of the CDU in Hamburg. From March 2004 to March 2006 he was a member of the Parliament of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, as part of the legal and home affairs committees.Until June 2012, he was the Chairman of the CDU in Hamburg-Nord. Member of the Hamburg Senate In April 2006, Mayor Ole von Beust appointed him as state councilor of the Department of Sport and Home Affairs. On 7 May 2008, Ahlhaus replaced Udo Nagel and became the Home affairs senator of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg.in September 2009, without having informed his party beforehand, Ahlhaus planned to reduce the casino tax in Hamburg from 90% to 50%. This would have allowed the casinos to save approximately 30 million euros in taxes up to 2010. A scandalous fact was that John Jahr jr. (from Gruner & Jahr)was one of the bosses of the casino, as well as the co-founder of the real-estate company in which Ahlhaus' wife had led their license marketing since 2009.Also criticised was the use of state-funded money for paying towards his villa and second home in Altona (which cost around 1.2 million Euros).In the "company car affair", he had to make an additional payment of EUR 59.40 for private car use.Ahlhaus continued despite tight budgets in 2010 through the acquisition of a riding squad with a total investment of approximately €600,000 and annual operating costs of €200,000. Under Interior Minister Michael Neumann (SPD) entertainment contracts are to be closed by 2015. His desire to hold on to the continued existence of the police orchestra, with an annual cost of 1.5 million euros, was in some part because of a lack of understanding, despite his cuts in the cultural department. His successor Scholz upholds this tradition. First Mayor of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg On 18 July 2010, Beust announced his resignation as mayor of Hamburg, so he could devote more time to his personal life. His recommendation to nominate Christoph Ahlhaus as his successor was unanimously followed by Hamburg's CDU Regional Executive. The election of the First Mayor of the CDU-Green Senate majority was fixed for the first meeting of the citizenry after the parliamentary summer recess on 25 August 2010. However, the coalition partners GAL initially reacted skeptically to the nomination of Christoph Ahlhaus. They called on the conservative hardliner politicians to follow Beust's liberal route and to abide by the coalition agreement. Ahlhaus put himself firmly behind the agreement between the CDU and GAL, which had existed since 2008, and also expressed his readiness to face the Green base in August 2010. After the meeting with the basis of the GAL on August 18, both Ahlhaus and representatives of the GAL expressed confidence in being able to continue the CDU-Green coalition. The Green Youth party demanded an exit from the coalition.Ahead of the planned election Ahlhaus' membership in the Turnerschaft Ghibellinia was made public. This triggered anger in the GAL, and leaders of the party put the support of their faction in the election for the Lord Mayor in question. They demanded Ahlhaus' clarification about his relations with the Turnerschaft and complained that in their view, nationalist tendencies and misogynistic principles are present in connections with the Coburg Convents. Ahlhaus stated that he had not had contact with the Heidelberg Turnerschaft for years. He had asked the chairman of the fraternity to no longer consider him a member.When choosing the First Mayor on 25 August 2010 it came in spite of previous disputes as a surprise. Christoph Ahlhaus received 70 votes in favor on the first ballot, two votes more than the black-green coalition MPs managed. Citizenship MPs of the opposition from both the SPD and the Left had also voted for Ahlhaus. 50 MPs voted against him, and one abstained. Election and term of office On 28 November 2010, both the GAL parliamentary group, the GAL Senators and the State Executive Committee of the GAL decided to end the coalition, prompting Ahlhaus to order the dismissal of the GAL senators and state councilors on 29 November 2010. Since then, Ahlhaus has led a CDU minority government.

17496876249597087087

Q5729300

Henry Trengrouse Background As early as 1791 John Bell (1747–1798) had devised an apparatus for throwing a line to ships from the shore; and, concurrently with Trengrouse, Captain George William Manby was engaged in perfecting an apparatus very similar to Bell's. The idea occurred to Manby in February 1807, after the grounding of HMS Snipe a mere 50 yards off shore in a storm and the subsequent loss of 67 lives, and in August he exhibited some experiments to the members of the Suffolk House Humane Society. He sought to establish communication between the shore and the shipwreck by means of a line fastened to a barbed shot which was fired from a mortar on the shore. By means of this line a hawser was drawn out from the shore to the ship, and along it was run a cradle in which the shipwrecked persons were landed. This invention had been recommended by various committees, and adopted to some extent before 1814.Trengrouse's apparatus, which was designed in 1808, was similar to Manby's in the use of the line and hawser, but instead of a mortar he suggested a rocket, and a chair was used instead of a cradle. The distinctive features of the apparatus consisted of ‘a section of a cylinder, which is fitted to the barrel of a musket by a bayonet socket; a rocket with a line attached to its stick is so placed in it that its priming receives fire immediately from the barrel’. The advantages were that the rocket was much lighter and more portable than the mortar; that the cost was much smaller; that there was little risk of the line breaking, because the velocity of a rocket increases gradually, whereas that of a shot fired from a mortar was so great and sudden that the line was frequently broken; the whole of Trengrouse's apparatus could, moreover, be packed in a chest four feet three inches by one foot six inches, and carried by vessels of every size, while Manby contemplated the use of the mortar only on shore, and the safety of the vessel depended therefore on the presence of an apparatus in the vicinity of the wreck. Recognition It was not, however, until 28 February 1818, after many journeys to London, that Trengrouse exhibited his apparatus before Admiral Sir Charles Rowley. A committee was appointed, and on 5 March it reported ‘that Mr. Trengrouse's mode appears to be the best that has been suggested for the purpose of saving lives from shipwreck by gaining a communication with the shore; and, so far as the experiments went, it most perfectly answered what was proposed;’ it was also suggested that a specimen apparatus should be placed in every dockyard that naval officers might become familiar with its working. In the same year a committee of the Elder Brethren of Trinity House also reported in its favour, and recommended that ‘no vessel should be without it.’ The government ordered twenty sets, but afterwards preferred to have them constructed by the ordnance department, and paid Trengrouse £50 compensation. In 1821 the Society of Arts awarded him their large silver medal and thirty guineas for the invention. Alexander I of Russia also wrote Trengrouse an autograph letter, presented him with a diamond ring in recognition of the usefulness of his apparatus, and invited him to Russia; but apart from the prize awarded by the Society of Arts and the compensation paid by the government, Trengrouse reaped no pecuniary reward from his invention. An improved rocket was invented by John Dennett in 1826; the one now in use was devised by Colonel Boxer in 1855. The rocket has completely superseded the mortar, and is now, next to the lifeboat, the most important means of saving lives from shipwrecks. Since 1881 nearly five thousand lives have been saved in this way. Death and memorials Trengrouse died at Helston on 14 February 1854; by his wife Mary, daughter of Samuel Jenken, he left issue three sons and five daughters. His widow (b. 9 September 1772) died at Helston on 27 March 1863.An example of his life-saving apparatus is on display at Helston Folk Museum .He is buried in the churchyard of St Michael's Church, Helston, and is commemorated in the naming of Trengrouse Way, a main thoroughfare in the town.

12153143315655108805

Q275998

Adelaide of Susa Early life Born in Turin to Ulric Manfred II and Bertha around 1014/1020, Adelaide's early life is not well known. Adelaide had two younger sisters, Immilla and Bertha. She may also have had a brother, whose name is not known, who predeceased her father. Thus, on Ulric Manfred's death (in December 1033 or 1034), Adelaide inherited the bulk of her father's property. She received property in the counties of Turin (especially in the Susa Valley), Auriate, and Asti. Adelaide also inherited property, but probably not comital authority, in the counties of Albenga, Alba, Bredulo and Ventimiglia. It is likely that Adelaide's mother, Bertha, briefly acted as regent for Adelaide after Ulric Manfred's death. Marriages Since the margravial title primarily had a military purpose at the time, it was thus was not considered suitable for a woman. Emperor Conrad II therefore arranged a marriage between Adelaide and his stepson, Herman IV, in 1036 or 1037. Herman was then invested as margrave of Turin. Herman died of the plague while fighting for Conrad II at Naples in July 1038.Adelaide remarried in order to secure her vast possessions. Probably in 1041, and certainly before 19 January 1042, Adelaide married Henry, Marquess of Montferrat. Henry died c.1045 and left Adelaide a widow for the second time. Immediately, a third marriage was undertaken, this time to Otto of Savoy (1046). With Otto she had three sons, Peter I, Amadeus II, and Otto. The couple also had two daughters, Bertha, who married Henry IV of Germany, and Adelaide, who married Rudolf of Rheinfelden (who later opposed Henry as King of Germany). Widowhood and rule After the death of her husband Otto, c.1057/60, Adelaide ruled the march of Turin and the county of Savoy alongside her sons, Peter and Amadeus.It is sometimes said that Adelaide abandoned Turin as a capital and began to reside permanently at Susa. This is incorrect. Adelaide is documented far more frequently at the margravial palace in Turin than anywhere else.In 1070 Adelaide captured and burned the city of Asti, which had rebelled against her. Relationship with empire In 1069 Henry IV tried to repudiate Adelaide's daughter, Bertha, which caused Adelaide's relationship with the imperial family to cool. However, through the intervention of Bertha, Henry received Adelaide's support when he came to Italy to submit to Pope Gregory VII and Matilda of Tuscany at Canossa. In return for allowing him to travel through her lands, Henry gave Bugey to Adelaide. Adelaide and her son Amadeus then accompanied Henry IV and Bertha to Canossa, where Adelaide acted as a mediator, alongside Matilda and Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan, among others. Bishop Benzo of Alba sent several letters to Adelaide between 1080 and 1082, encouraging her to support Henry IV in the Italian wars which formed part of the Investiture Controversy. Adelaide's dealings with Henry IV became closer after this. She offered to mediate between him and Matilda of Tuscany, and may even have joined him on campaign in southern Italy in 1084. Relationship with the Church Adelaide made many donations to monasteries in the march of Turin. In 1064 she founded the monastery of Santa Maria at Pinerolo.Adelaide received letters from many of the leading churchmen of the day, including Pope Alexander II, Peter Damian, and Pope Gregory VII. These letters indicate that Adelaide sometimes supported Gregorian reform, but that at other times she did not. Peter Damian (writing in 1064) and Gregory VII (writing in 1073), relied upon Adelaide to enforce clerical celibacy and protect the monasteries of Fruttuaria and San Michele della Chiusa. By contrast, Alexander II (writing c.1066/7) reproached Adelaide for her dealings with Guido da Velate the simoniac Archbishop of Milan. Death Adelaide died in December 1091. According to a later legend, she was buried in the parochial church of Canischio (Canisculum), a small village on the Cuorgnè in the Valle dell'Orco, where she had supposedly been living incognito for twenty-two years before her death. The medieval historian Charles William Previté-Orton called this story "absurd". In the cathedral of Susa, in a niche in the wall, there is a statue of walnut wood, beneath a bronze veneer, representing Adelaide, genuflecting in prayer. Above it can be read the inscription: Questa è Adelaide, cui l'istessa Roma Cole, e primo d'Ausonia onor la noma. Legacy Adelaide is a featured figure on Judy Chicago's installation piece The Dinner Party, being represented as one of the 999 names on the Heritage Floor.

16363349753324770779

Q4889730

Bennett Reimer Publications Reimer’s book A Philosophy of Music Education, first published in 1970, a second edition in 1989, and a third edition, A Philosophy of Music Education: Advancing the Vision, in 2003, (Prentice Hall) has been translated into French, Japanese, and Chinese, with a Greek edition in preparation. He was the author and editor of some two dozen other books and has written over 145 articles and chapters on a variety of topics in music and arts education. Reimer’s textbooks on music for grades one through eight, Silver Burdett Music, were the most widely used throughout the United States and the world for two decades. Professional contributions As a participant in the professional life of his field, Reimer served on the editorial boards of all the major journals; was National Chairman of the National Association for Music Education (MENC) Committee on Aesthetic Education; was MENC liaison for Arts Education Initiatives: represented MENC as a member of the Alliance for Curriculum Reform and the Aesthetic Education Curriculum Program sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education; was a member of the six-person task force that wrote the National Standards for Music Education; and was one of six Commission Authors of position papers for the MENC Vision 2020 Project (the Housewright Symposium/Vision 2020). He was Director of a three-year research project on the general music curriculum sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education; was a research exchange scholar studying music education practices from Kindergarten through Conservatory in China for a three-month period in 1986, sponsored by the Chinese government and Harvard Project Zero; was for six years Co-Director and Principal Consultant for the teacher education project “Education for Aesthetic Awareness: The Cleveland Area Project for the Arts in the Schools”; and for five years was a member of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund Awards Committee for Exemplary School Arts Programs.Reimer presented many keynote addresses and lectures each year throughout the United States and the world, including appearances in England, Japan, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, South Africa, China, and Australia. He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from DePaul University, Chicago, in 1997. Also in 1997 he was designated the third “Legend of Teaching” in the history of the Northwestern University School of Music. A special double issue of The Journal of Aesthetic Education, "Musings: Essays in Honor of Bennett Reimer," was published in Winter 2000. In 2002, Reimer was inducted into the Music Educators Hall of Fame. In 2008 he was the recipient of the MENC Senior Researcher Award. Death Reimer died in Wilmette, Illinois on November 18, 2013, aged 81. Education record State University of New York, College at Fredonia. B.S. 1954.University of Illinois, Urbana. M.S. 1955.University of Illinois, Urbana. Ed.D. 1963. Educational employment 1955–1957 Richmond Professional Institute of the College of William and Mary, Richmond, VA. Instructor. Band Director; woodwinds; theory; conducting; music appreciation.1958–1960 Madison College, Harrisonburg, VA. Assistant Professor. Wind Ensembles; woodwinds; theory; conducting; music appreciation. Director of Music, Campus Laboratory School.1960–1965 University of Illinois, Urbana. Instructor, Assistant Professor. Foundations of Music Education. Music and College Placement Consultant, University of Illinois Educational Placement Office.1965–1978 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Kulas Professor of Music, 1971–78; Director of Music Education.1978–1997 Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. John W. Beattie Professor of Music; Chairman of Music Education; Founder and Director, Center for the Study of Education and the Musical Experience. Viewpoint Reimer's viewpoint was that only "good music" (music evoking a feeling) should be taught. Teachers will have a firm pedagogical base and sensitivity, all will learn music because it helps us develop self-knowledge.

5664137740102415438

Q6245390

John Lovewell Raid at Lake Winnipesaukee In the first expedition, Lovewell and his militia company of 40 to 50 men left Dunstable on their first expedition in December 1724, trekking to the north of Lake Winnipesaukee into the White Mountains of New Hampshire. On December 10, 40 miles (64 km) north of Winnipesaukee, the troop came upon a wigwam, where they killed and scalped an Abenaki man and took an Abenaki boy captive. Raid on Wakefield On January 29, 1725, Lovewell and 87 men made a second expedition to the White Mountains. For more than a month they marched through the winter forest, encountering neither friend nor foe. Some troops were sent back home. The remainder made a wide loop up towards the White Mountains, followed the Bearcamp River into the Ossipee area, then headed back in an easterly direction along the Maine and New Hampshire border.On February 20 they came across a recently inhabited wigwam and followed tracks for some 5 miles (8.0 km). On the banks of a pond at the head of the Salmon Falls River in the present town of Wakefield they came upon more wigwams with smoke rising from them. Some time after 2:00 AM Lovewell gave the order to fire. A short time later ten Indians lay dead. The Indians were said to have had numerous extra blankets, snowshoes, moccasins, a few furs and new French muskets which would seem to indicate that they were on their way to attack frontier settlements. Preventing such an attack is probably the true success of this expedition.Early in March Lovewell's troops arrived in Boston. They paraded their Indian scalps through the streets, Lovewell himself wearing a wig made of Indian scalps. The bounty paid was 1000 pounds (100 per scalp). 3rd Expedition: Lovewell's fight The third expedition consisted of only 46 men and left from Dunstable on April 16, 1725. They built a fort at Ossipee and left 10 men, including the doctor and John Goffe, to garrison the fort while the rest left to raid the Abenaki town of Pequawket, now Fryeburg, Maine. On May 9, as the militiamen were being led in prayer by chaplain Jonathan Frye, a lone Abenaki warrior was spotted. Lovewell's men waited until the warrior was close and fired at him, but missed. The Abenaki returned fire, mortally wounding Lovewell. Further fire from the rangers killed the Indian. The militia had left their packs behind so as to be unencumbered by them in battle. Two returning war parties of Abenaki led by Chief Paugus and Nat found them and waited in ambush for the returning militia. Eight men, including Lovewell, were killed in the first volley by the Indian warriors. The battle continued for more than 11 hours until Ensign Wyman killed the Indian war chief Paugus. With the death of Paugus, the rest of the Indians soon vanished into the forest. Only 20 of the militiamen survived the battle; three died on the retreat home. The Abenaki losses except for Paugus are unknown. The Abenaki deserted the town of Pequawket after the battle and fled to Canada. Aftermath of the fight Later that month Colonel Ebeneazer Tyng arrived with a large force of militia to bury the dead and take revenge on the Abenaki who had already fled. Without support from the French the western Abenaki were forced to make peace with Massachusetts and New Hampshire. John Lovewell's widow and children along with the other widows and children of those slain in the battle were given large tracts of land in what is now Pembroke, New Hampshire. Legacy Lovewell Mountain in Washington, New Hampshire, which he climbed to do surveillance, is named for him, as is Lovewell Pond in Fryeburg. The town of Lovell, Maine, derives its name from John Lovewell. Captain Lovewell's War is featured on a New Hampshire historical marker (number 20) along New Hampshire Route 16 in Ossipee.Lovewell was celebrated in song and story. More than one hundred years after his death Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (poem, "The Battle of Lovells Pond"), Nathaniel Hawthorne (story, "Roger Malvin's Burial") and Henry David Thoreau (passage in the book A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers) all wrote about Lovewell's Fight. "The Battle of Lovells Pond", written when Longfellow was 13, retold the story of Lovewell's death; it was Longfellow's first published poem, appearing in the Portland Gazette of November 21, 1820. "Roger Malvin's Burial", an 1832 story, concerns two colonial survivors returning home after what Hawthorne calls "Lovell's Fight."

12647856380318001302

Q978202

Bent (play) Plot Max, a promiscuous gay man in 1930s Berlin, is at odds with his wealthy family because of his homosexuality. One evening, much to the resentment of his boyfriend Rudy, he brings home a handsome Sturmabteilung man. Unfortunately, it is the night that Hitler orders the assassination of the upper echelon of the Sturmabteilung corps, to consolidate his power. The Sturmabteilung man is discovered and killed by SS men in Max and Rudy's apartment, and the two have to flee Berlin.Max's uncle Freddie, who is also gay, but lives a more discreet life with rent boys to satisfy his desires, has organized new papers for Max to flee to France where homosexuality is legal, but Max refuses to leave his naïve boyfriend behind. As a result, Max and Rudy are found and arrested by the Gestapo and put on a train headed for Dachau concentration camp.On the train, Rudy calls out to Max as he is taken away to be beaten, so Rudy is brought back and beaten to death by Max, who denies he knows him. Max lies to the guards, telling them that he is a Jew rather than a homosexual, because he believes his chances for survival in the camp will be better if he is not assigned the pink triangle. Max later confesses to a fellow prisoner that the guards then forced him to have intercourse with the body of a dead pre-teen girl to "prove" he was not homosexual.In the camp, Max makes friends with Horst, who shows him the dignity that lies in acknowledging what one is. They fall in love and become lovers through their imagination and through their words. After Horst is shot by camp guards, Max puts on Horst's jacket with the pink triangle and commits suicide by grabbing an electric fence. International productions Bent was premiered in French at Le Théâthe de Poche in Brussels (Belgium) in January 1980. French translation by Lena Grinda, directed by Derek Goldby, with Alain Libolt, Jean-Pierre Dauzun, Yves Deguenne, Pierre Dumaine, Fabrice Eberhard, Bernard Graczyk, Thomas Hutereau, Jean Couvrin, Tobias Kempf, Roland Mahauden. There was a rerun in September 1998.The first production in French in Paris was in 1981, with Bruno Cremer, Jean-Pierre Sentier, Didier Sauvegrain et Jean-Claude Dreyfus.The first production in Brazil was in 1981, at Teatro Villa Lobos (Rio de Janeiro) with José Mayer (Max), Tonico Pereira (Horst), Ricardo Blat (Rudy) and Paulo César Grande. Albeit the country was still under a military dictatorship. Sherman's text was presented uncensored.A production in Liège, Belgium opened on February 1993 at Thèâtre Le Moderne, directed by Daniel Henry. There was a rerun in November 2000 with Michel Delamarre as Horst.A production in Buenos Aires, Argentina, opened on September 2000 starring Alex Benn, Gustavo Ferrari and Gustavo Monje.A French production in Paris opened on April 2010 for 3 months . Directed by Anne Barthel starring Michel Mora as Max, Jean Matthieu Erny as Horst, Valentin Terrer as Rudy, Philippe Renon as Greta, Matthieu Karmensky as Wolf, Gérard Cheylus as uncle Freddie, Fréderic Morel as SS gard Reopened on April 2011 for 3 months and 1 months in Avignon French Festival. This version is considered by the author as the closest of his writing.A second production in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, opened on 2011 starring Augusto Zacchi, Gustavo Rodrigues, Augusto Garcia, Breno Pessurno, Miro Marques, Henrique Pinho, Vinicius Vommaro e Evandro Manchini.A production in San Juan, Puerto Rico, opened in June 2012 starring Teofilo Torres, Leonardo Castro and Tony Torres.A Polish production in translation of Rubi Birden premiered in Warsaw Teatr Dramatyczny on October 2, 2015 starring Mariusz Drężek, Kamil Siegmund, Piotr Bulcewicz, Piotr Siwkiewicz, Maciej Wyczański.In Israel the play was first produced in 1983, and has since been revived on 5 occasions, the latest being in 2018, in Israeli national Habima Theatre.

6880450183059216870

Q21665058

James Milton Turner Early life Turner was born into slavery in St. Louis, Missouri. As a child, he was sold on the steps of the St. Louis US Courthouse for $50 (US$ 1,500 in 2019). His enslaved father, John Turner, was a "horse doctor". Allowed to keep some of his earnings, he eventually purchased freedom for himself and his family. At fourteen, James Turner attended Oberlin College in Ohio for one term; following his father's death in 1855, Turner had to return to St. Louis to care for his family. Turner attended John Berry Meachum's Floating Freedom School on a steamboat on the Mississippi River, which Meachum had set up to evade the 1854 Missouri law against education of blacks. Career When the American Civil War broke out, Turner enlisted in the Union Army and served as body servant for Col. Madison Miller. He was wounded, resulting in a permanent limp. After the war, Miller's brother-in-law, Missouri Governor Thomas Fletcher, appointed him as assistant superintendent of schools. He was responsible for setting up schools for black Missourians. He helped establish the Lincoln Institute in Jefferson City, the first institution of higher education for African Americans in the state. The Institute's name was later changed to Lincoln University. As a politician, Turner, an outspoken member of the Radical Republicans and a leader of the Missouri Equal Rights League, was held in high regard for his oratorical skills. In 1868 he was installed as the principal of Lincoln School, the first school for blacks in Kansas City, Missouri. He was succeeded by J. Dallas Bowser.In 1871, Turner was appointed as consul general to Liberia by Republican President Ulysses S. Grant. He relocated to Monrovia and held that post until 1878. During this time he was involved in settling the Grebo war. When he returned to St. Louis, Turner played an important role in helping to resettle black refugees from former Confederate states in the South. He also worked to organize freedmen and people of color free before the Civil War as a political force; they overwhelmingly joined the Republican Party, considered the party of Abraham Lincoln. Turner also took part in relief efforts for African Americans who had left the South for Kansas as part of the Exoduster Movement of 1879. Many of these migrants settled in St. Louis. In 1881, Turner worked with Hannibal Carter to organize the Freedmen’s Oklahoma Immigration Association to promote black homesteading in Oklahoma. As chairman of the Negro National Republican Committee, he proposed nominating US Senator Blanche Bruce, another African American, as the vice presidential candidate on the Republican ticket in 1880.Turner worked during the last two decades of his life in fighting for the rights of Cherokee, Choctaw, and Chickasaw freedmen in the Indian Territory. After the war, the US government had made new treaties with these tribes, which had supported the Confederacy. They required the tribes to offer full citizenship to those freedmen who chose to stay in tribal territory, as the US had done for freedmen in the United States. He successfully lobbied Congress for the nearly 4,000 Cherokee Freedmen to receive $75,000 (US$ 2,091,400 in 2019) from funds that the U.S. government had paid the tribe in 1888 for their land. The Cherokee originally did not want to divide the money for communal lands to include the freedmen.In late 1915 Turner was in Ardmore, Oklahoma, representing the freedmen in a legal dispute. When a nearby railroad car exploded, the debris cut his left hand. Blood poisoning developed in the wound, and Turner died November 1, 1915 in Ardmore.The Turner School in the Meacham Park area of Kirkwood, Missouri was named for Turner. The school opened in 1924 and was renamed after Turner in 1932; it closed during the 1975-1976 school year.

1797830382482409841

Q17746309

Diplacus douglasii Description This description comes from the 2nd edition Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California.Diplacus douglasii is a diminutive annual herb that produces a magenta flower. The overall stature of the plant is very small, varying in height from 0.3 – 4 centimeters tall.Like other monkeyflowers, the flowers are bisexual and bilaterally symmetrical, with fused petals that form a tube-throat. The throat has gold and purple stripes, which form bold mottling. The tube and upper lips are magenta, and the lower lobes are so reduced that they appear absent. The flowers can be open or cleistogamous, staying closed and self-pollinating. The flower is persistent and sits atop a 2 – 4 millimeter pedicel. The calyx is generally green, hairy, and ranges in size from 8 – 14 millimeters, with unequal lobes.The leaves are ovate to obovate blades, which range in size from 5 – 28 millimeters. The upper side of the leaves are a shiny green and are generally hairy.The seeds are hard, asymmetrically-ovid, and range in size from 2.5 – 6.5 millimeters. Distribution Diplacus douglasii occurs between 45 – 1200 meters elevation in the mountains and foothills of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Ranges in California and Oregon. It is also found in Southwestern Oregon, Central Western California, and in the Warner Mountains of CaliforniaD. douglasii is classified as a serpentine indicator and hence is most commonly found serpentine soils, but can also be found on bare clay or granitic soils. As a hydrophyte, it is generally found along the upper banks of small creeks, and is classified as a facultative wetland species. However, it is important to note that D. douglasii is equally likely to be found in wetland and non wetland habitats, also occurring in chaparral and foothill woodland communities. Ecology Diplacus douglasii flowers between February and April.Growing on serpentine soils, it has adaptations to survive conditions most plants can't tolerate. Serpentine soils are known to be deficient in essential nutrients for plants. In addition to being low in essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, serpentine soils also have high levels of magnesium and heavy metals including nickel, cobalt and chromium, which are toxic to most plants.Other plants commonly found growing alongside M. douglasii include:Creek clematis (Clematis ligusticifolia)Bigleaf maple(Acer macrophyllum)Yellow monkey flower (Mimulus guttatus)Narrowleaf willow (Salix exigua)California wild rose (Rosa californica)Alkali rye (Leymus triticoides)California mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana)White alder (Alnus rhombifolia)California bay (Umbellularia californica)Red fescue (Festuca rubra)California blackberry (Rubus ursinus)Black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa)California box elder (Acer negundo var. californicum)Columbine (Aquilegia formosa) Research Monkeyflowers "have become model systems for the study of evolutionary processes in nature", because of their diversity in life history and morphology, varied reproduction (self-pollination to outcrossing) and ease to work with in experimental settings. They have currently sequenced the full genome for Erythranthe douglasii with 100bp paired-end at 40X coverage.Because of its affinity for serpentine soils, studying D. douglasii presents an opportunity to better understand adaptive traits in extreme environmental conditions. Researchers have found that distinct populations of D. douglasii appear to have different environmental response thresholds for when they begin producing more cleistogamous versus open flowers. This means that different populations have varying rates of inbreeding, resource use, and ability to survive hot and dry conditions. Understanding this mechanism could give scientists insight into how plants adapt to climatic shifts of warmer and drier conditions.

2368914909601872520

Q21574198

Steven Cree Early life Cree was born in Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland, in 1980, the son of a local kitchen and bathroom fitter. Upon completion of Secondary School, he attended Langside College in Glasgow for a year before applying, and being accepted to, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama (now known as the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland). In his final year at RSAMD, he was signed by a London Talent agent and moved to the city after completing school. Career Cree began his professional career in 2001 with the guest starring role of Gerry in an episode of CBBC's weekly comedy series G-Force. He went on to guest star in an episode of BBC's medical drama Doctors in 2002 and ITV's prison drama Bad Girls in 2003. 2006 saw Cree guest star in BBC's medical drama Holby City and Sky 1's football drama Dream Team. Cree returned to BBC's Doctors in 2007 with a second guest role in series nine and had a guest role in series eleven of the popular crime drama Silent Witness.In 2009, Cree made the transition from television to feature films by starring as Antonio Vivialdi in Condor Pictures' Vivaldi, the Red Priest and director Craig Lyn's short film Closing Doors He was then cast in episode five of ITV's six part mini-series Identity. The crime drama followed a newly formed police unit investigating identity left cases. Cree worked with actor/director Noel Clarke twice in 2010 as he was featured in the thriller 4.3.2.1., which followed four friends targeted by a smuggling ring, and the comedy Huge, which focused on a would-be stand up comedy duo. E4's teenage science-fiction drama Misfits saw Cree return to episodic television with a season two guest spot that same year. He was then featured in award winning Kurdish director Chiman Rahimi's sort film Rojin. The next year saw Cree feature in the supernatural thriller film The Awakening and in director Tom Harper's short film The Swarm.2012 brought Cree a recurring role on BBC Three's groundbreaking drama Lip Service. He portrayed Ryder, Sam Murray's police partner, opposite Heather Peace. His next performance was as featured guest star Corporal Vince Grafton in a series two episode of ITV's murder mystery series Vera. Throughout 2012, Cree had minor roles in major motion pictures such as Disney's John Carter and Brave (animated; voice work), British thriller Tower Block, and the Noel Clarke comedy The Knot.Actor turned director Sam Hoare's 2013 debut film, Having You, featured Cree in the role of Paul. That same year, he portrayed Lennox in Kenneth Branagh's stage production of Macbeth at the Manchester International Festival. The production sold out, but was broadcast live to audiences in Manchester, England and around the globe on 20 July, 2013 as part of the National Theatre's NT Live broadcasts. That same year, director Ruth Sewell cast Cree in the lead role of Matt in her short film Fish Love, which was featured at the London Short Film Festival. 2014 saw Cree return to television in series two of the BBC's crime drama Shetland, based on the best-selling book series by Ann Cleeves. He next tackled minor roles in Disney's live action film Maleficent, which focuses on the villain of their 1959 classic Sleeping Beauty, and the made for TV film Marvellous. He returned to television to guest star as Miras in the two-part Series Two premier of BBC's family drama Atlantis, which only ran for two seasons before being cancelled. It was announced in 2014 that Cree has been cast in the role of Ian Murray in Starz time travel drama Outlander, based upon the best-selling book series from author Diana Gabaldon. The role is recurring and will continue throughout the series.Cree was cast in the guest role of Levesque in BBC's popular drama The Musketeers in 2015, portraying Porthos' brother-in-law in the series two episode. That same year, he guest starred in the "mockumentary" Hoff the Record along side actor David Hasselhoff. He went on to roles in several feature films such as Colin Kennedy's Swung, Legacy, 51 Degrees North, and short film The Rat King, which was nominated for Best Short at the Edinburgh International Film Festival. In 2016, Cree returned to crime drama Silent Witness in the two-part season nineteen episode "Flight", which focused on the murder of a critic of Muslim fundamentalism. Once again reuniting with director Noel Clarke, Cree was featured as Brick in the feature length crime drama Brotherhood. He then portrayed Scottish war hero and Navy meteorologist Captain James Stagg in 2017's D-Day film Churchill, which shed light on the little known fact that the invasion date had been moved due to weather. Science fiction/fantasy film The Titan (2018), starring Sam Worthington and Tom Wilkinson, has Cree portraying Major Tom Pike in Earth's dystopian future. In 2018, in his second turn in a science-fiction film, Cree voiced the character ATRi in Hasraf Dulull's 2036 Origins Unknown, which explored the origins of an unknown object on the surface of Mars. That same year, the Netflix drama Outlaw King, starring Chris Pine as Robert the Bruce, featured Cree as Bruce's brother-in-law Sir Christopher Seaton. In addition to his roles in films and television, Cree wrote and starred in a short film entitled The Little Princess (2018), which was co-awarded Best Short Narrative film at the San Luis Obispo International Film Festival. He and director Jason Maza raised funds for the film on Kickstarter, a popular crowdfunding platform.Cree would go on, the next year, to portray Andrew Bentham in BBC Two's political drama MotherFatherSon, opposite Richard Gere (in his first major television role). He would then join the cast of ITV's female centric drama Deep Water as series regular character Joe Kallisto. Late fall 2019 saw Cree feature in the latest feature film installment of the Terminator franchise, Terminator: Dark Fate, opposite Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger. It was announced in summer 2019 that Cree would be portraying popular Scottish character Gallowglass in the second season of Sky One's television drama A Discovery of Witches, which is based upon Deborah Harkness' book series of the same name.

14881837225808193796

Q6263384

John Weir Foote Early life Foote was born in Madoc in eastern Ontario on May 5, 1904. He was educated at the University of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario and at Presbyterian College and McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. He entered the Presbyterian ministry in 1934, serving congregations in Fort-Coulonge, Quebec, and Port Hope, Ontario.In 1934 it is recorded that Rev. John Weir Foote joined the Loyal Orange Association, being initiated into Fraserville Loyal Orange Lodge No. 46, Ontario.In December 1939, after the outbreak of the Second World War, he enlisted in the Canadian Army. He was posted to The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry (Wentworth Regiment) (RHLI) as the Regimental Chaplain with the rank of Honorary Captain. Victoria Cross Foote was 38 years old and serving as the padre of the RHLI, when he performed the following deed during the Dieppe Raid for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross:On August 19, 1942 at Dieppe, France, Captain Foote coolly and calmly during the eight hours of the battle walked about collecting the wounded and carry them to safety. His gallant actions saved many lives and inspired those around him by his example. At the end of this gruelling time he climbed from the landing craft that was to have taken him to safety and deliberately walked into the German position in order to be taken prisoner so that he could be of help to those men who would be in captivity until May 5, 1945.His VC award was gazetted after the Second World War on February 14, 1946, the citation read:DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENCE, OTTAWA.14th February, 1946.THE CANADIAN ARMY.The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the VICTORIA CROSS to: —Honorary Captain John Weir FOOTE, Canadian Chaplain Services.At Dieppe, on 19th August, 1942, Honorary Captain Foote, Canadian Chaplain Services, was Regimental Chaplain with the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry.Upon landing on the beach under heavy fire he attached himself to the Regimental Aid Post which had been set up in a slight depression on the beach, but which was only sufficient to give cover to men lying down. During the subsequent period of approximately eight hours, while the action continued, this officer not only assisted the Regimental Medical Officer in ministering to the wounded in the Regimental Aid Post, but time and again left this shelter to inject morphine, give first-aid and carry wounded personnel from the open beach to the Regimental Aid Post. On these occasions, with utter disregard for his personal safety, Honorary Captain Foote exposed himself to an inferno of fire and saved many lives by his gallant efforts. During the action, as the tide went out, the Regimental Aid Post was moved to the shelter of a stranded landing craft. Honorary Captain Foote continued tirelessly and courageously to carry wounded men from the exposed beach to the cover of the landing craft. He also removed wounded from inside the landing craft when ammunition had been set on fire by enemy shells. When landing craft appeared he carried wounded from the Regimental Aid Post to the landing craft through very heavy fire.On several occasions this officer had the opportunity to embark but returned to the beach as his chief concern was the care and evacuation of the wounded. He refused a final opportunity to leave the shore, choosing to suffer the fate of the men he had ministered to for over three years.Honorary Captain Foote personally saved many lives by his efforts and his example inspired all around him. Those who observed him state that the calmness of this heroic officer, as he walked about, collecting the wounded on the fire-swept beach will never be forgotten.He later achieved the rank of Major and he remained with the Canadian Corps of Chaplains at Camp Borden until being demobilized in 1948. Politics He won a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 1948 provincial election and served as the Progressive Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for Durham. He was first appointed to serve as Deputy Commissioner for the Liquor Control Board of Ontario, then into the cabinet after the 1951 election as Ontario Minister of Reform Institutions, but stepped down in 1957, following a number of heart attacks. He retired from the provincial legislature in 1959. Later life Foote returned to the RHLI in 1964, serving as Honorary Lieutenant-Colonel until 1973.He made his home with his wife, the former Edith Sheridan (1898–1986), in Cobourg, Ontario, until his death on May 2, 1988. He is buried in Union Cemetery, Cobourg. Legacy The Royal Canadian Legion branch in Grafton, Ontario was renamed the Lt. Col. John W Foote V.C. C.D Branch 580 in 1982.The James Street Armoury in Hamilton, Ontario, where the RHLI is now based, along with The Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) and 11 Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery, was renamed the John W. Foote VC Armoury in his memory. Prior to his death, John Foote donated his medals to the Royal Hamilton Light Infantry where they are held at the RHLI Heritage Museum at the John W Foote VC Armoury. The Armoury is a Classified Federal Heritage Building 1986 on the Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings.

10066795059438426357

Q38458919

Evelyne Brancart Background In 1968, Brancart was the youngest musician ever to be invited to study under the patronage of Queen of Belgium, in the Chapelle Musicale de la Reine Elisabeth where she became a laureate in 1971. Brancart later was awarded the gold medal from the Belgian Government in 1978. She studied for 10 years with the Spanish pianist Eduardo del Pueyo (himself a student of Liszt disciple Marie Jaëll) and later with Maria Curcio, Leon Fleisher and Menahem Pressler. Recognition Brancart achieved broad recognition as prizewinner at the Queen Elisabeth Piano Competition (1975), Montreal International Piano Competition (1976), Viotti International Piano Competition (1979) and Gina Bachauer International Piano Competition (1986). Brancart also received an ensemble division prize in the ARD International Music Competition (Munich, 1984).London debut recitals at Wigmore Hall and Queen Elizabeth Hall in 1976 led to BBC broadcast recitals and engagements with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Brancart performed a well-received American debut in 1982 (at New York’s Alice Tully Hall), and her career has included recitals and performances throughout Europe, America, Asia and South America. Brancart’s repertoire ranges from Baroque to contemporary composers; she is especially known for performances in the Romantic virtuoso tradition. Recordings Recordings include Chopin 24 Etudes (Delos) and the Brahms-Paganini Variations and Liszt-Paganini Etudes (Koch Discover). Brancart’s live performance of Mozart’s Piano Concerto, K. 467, from the Queen Elisabeth Competition, released by Deutsche Grammophon. She also recorded in collaborative settings for Telefunken and Teldec Records (with Atar Arad, violist) and Boston Records (with cellist Anthony Ross). Chamber music collaborators in concerts settings have included Frederico Agostini, Joshua Bell, Jeremy Denk, Miriam Fried, Steven Isserlis, and Arnold Steinhardt. Brancart was the pianist of the Seraphim Trio for four years, and performed with the Cleveland, Pacifica and Orion String Quartets. Teaching Brancart has performed and taught master classes at summer music festivals internationally including: Aspen Music Festival (Colorado, USA, Bay Chamber (Maine, USA), Close Encounters with Music (Massachusetts, USA), Da Camera Chamber Music and Jazz (Texas, USA), Festival D'Horrues (Belgium), Dublin International Piano Festival (Ireland), Leicester Music Festival (England], Mozart Festival (Lille, France), Norfolk Chamber Music Festival (Connecticut, USA), Orford Music Festival (Quebec, Canada), Ravinia Festival (Illinois, USA), Musique de Chambre de Sainte Petronille (Quebec, Canada), Seattle Chamber Music Festival (Washington, USA), Festival of the Sound (Parry Sound—Ontario, Canada), and Music at the Red Sea (Israel).Brancart is Professor of Music (Piano) at the Jacobs School of Music at Indiana University in Bloomington since 1994; and additionally served as piano department chair from 2002 to 2012. Her students and mentees include concert artists (Jonathan Biss and Jeremy Denk), competition winners and university piano faculty. She previously held teaching appointments at the Shepard School of Music at Rice University, San Francisco Conservatory of Music, the Frost School of Music at University of Miami and the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Brancart has been invited to judge competitions in America, Europe and South America such as the Queen Elisabeth Piano Competition (Belgium), International Piano Competition Andre´ Demortier (Belgium), International Piano Competition Maria Clara Cullell (Costa Rica) and Fischoff Chamber Music Competition (United States).Brancart has created and presented seminars on “The Art of Playing the Piano,” (an integral piano playing/teaching method), “The Hand as a Source of Inspiration" (on the Chopin Etudes), and "Deconstruction for Reconstruction" (reflections on J.S. Bach).

12716997590977694256

Q3128016

Harvard Graduate School of Design Architecture Charles Eliot Norton brought the first architecture classes to Harvard University in 1874. Urban planning In 1900, the first urban planning courses were taught at Harvard University, and by 1909, urban planning courses taught by James Sturgis Pray were added into Harvard's design curriculum as part of the landscape architecture department. In 1923, a specialization in urban planning was established under the degree program of Master in Landscape Architecture. In 1929, North America's first urban planning degree (at graduate level) was established at Harvard under short-term funding from the Rockefeller Foundation. The degree program closed after MIT established a degree program in 1935. In 1980, the program was temporarily moved to the Harvard Kennedy School of Government until it returned to the GSD in 1984. Landscape architecture In 1893, the nation's first professional course in landscape architecture was offered at Harvard University. In 1900, the world's first landscape architecture program was established by Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. and Arthur A. Shurcliff. The School of Landscape Architecture was established in 1913. Establishment The three major design professions (architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture) were officially united in 1936 to form the Harvard Graduate School of Design. In 1937, Walter Gropius joined the GSD faculty as chair of the Department of Architecture and brought modern designers, including Marcel Breuer to help revamp the curriculum.In 1960, Josep Lluís Sert established the nation's first Urban Design program. George Gund Hall, which is the present iconic home GSD, opened in 1972 and was designed by Australian architect and GSD graduate John Andrews. The school's now defunct Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis (LCGSA) is widely recognized as the research/development environment from which the now-commercialized technology of geographic information systems (GIS) emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s. More recent research initiatives include the Design Robotics Group, a unit that investigates new material systems and fabrication technologies in the context of architectural design and construction. Rankings As of 2016, the program's ten-year average ranking, places it 1st, overall, on DesignIntelligence's ranking of programs accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. Executive Education Executive Education operates within GSD providing continuing education classes, they are located at 7 Sumner Rd. Advanced Management Development Program in Real Estate (AMDP) is a six-week executive development course. The program is open to established professionals with 15+ years of experience in real estate. Upon graduating from AMDP, participants are full-fledged Harvard University Alumni. As of 2013, AMDP is in its 13th year.The other large program organized by Executive Education is summer Open Enrollment. In 2013, Executive Education held 18 classes throughout the month of July. Each class lasts from 1 to 3 days and is eligible for continuing education credits through American Institute of Architects, American Society of Landscape Architects and/or American Planning Association. Open Enrollment classes are open to everyone, though basic knowledge of the subject is recommended. Student body As of 2012–2013, there were 878 students enrolled. 362 students or 42% were enrolled in architecture, 182 students or 21% in landscape architecture, 161 students or 18% in urban planning, and 173 students or 20% in doctoral or design studies programs. Approximately, 65% of students were Americans. The average student is 27 years old. GSD students are represented by the Harvard Graduate Council (HGC), the main university-wide student government organization. There are also several dozen internal GSD student clubs. Research and publications In addition to its degree programs, the GSD administers the Loeb Fellowship, and numerous research initiatives such as the Zofnass Program for Sustainable Infrastructure. The school publishes the bi-annual Harvard Design Magazine, Platform, and other design books and studio works. Design Research Labs The GSD Design Labs synthesize theoretical and applied knowledge through research with the intent to enable design to be an agent of change in society. There are seven current labs: Material Processes and Systems Group; Energy, Environments and Design; New Geographies Lab; Responsive Environments and Artifacts Lab; Social Agency Lab; Urban Theory Lab; Geometry Lab. Campus The GSD campus is located northeast of Harvard Yard and across the street from Memorial Hall. Gund Hall is the main building of the GSD, and it houses most of the student space and faculty offices. Other nearby buildings include space for the school's Design Research Labs, faculty offices, the Loeb Fellowship program office, and research space for students, including those in the M.Des. and D.Des. programs. Gund Hall Gund Hall is the main building, which has studio spaces and offices for approximately 800 students and more than 100 faculty and staff, lecture and seminar rooms, workshops and darkrooms, an audiovisual center, computer facilities, Chauhaus, the cafeteria, a project room, Piper Auditorium, and the Frances Loeb Library. The central studio space, also known as the Trays, extends through five levels under a stepped, clear-span roof. Gund Hall has a yard that comprises a basketball court and is often used for events, as an exhibition area for class projects, and as the setting for commencement ceremonies. The building was designed by architect John Andrews and supervised by structural engineer William LeMessurier both GSD alumni. Frances Loeb Library The Frances Loeb Library, is the main library of the Graduate School of Design. The library has a collection of over 300,000 books and journals. It also has a Materials and Visual Resources Department, and the Special Collections Department, which houses the GSD's rare books and manuscript collection. Fabrication Lab The Fabrication Lab has both traditional tools and state-of-the-art technology available for model making and prototyping to faculty research and student course work. The Fabrication Lab has a full wood shop, metals shop, printing labs, 3D printing, CNC tools, robotic machines, laser cutter machines, etc. Distinguished alumni and faculty As of 2013, the GSD had over 13,000 alumni in 96 countries. The GSD had 77 faculty members and 129 visiting faculty members. 45% of the faculty members were born outside of the United States. Current faculty Current faculty include Anita Berrizbeitia, Antoine Picon, Farshid Moussavi, Jeanne Gang, John R. Stilgoe, K. Michael Hays, Krzysztof Wodiczko, Martha Schwartz, Mohsen Mostafavi, Preston Scott Cohen, Rahul Mehrotra, Rem Koolhaas, Sarah M. Whiting and Toshiko Mori.

14434606947460179531

Q5235587

David Jamieson (VC) Early life David Auldjo Jamieson was born in Westminster on 1 October 1920, the elder son of Sir Archibald Auldjo Jamieson, Chairman of Vickers Armstrong. He attended Ladycross School, Seaford, East Sussex and Eton College. In his youth he spent time at the family holiday retreat in Norfolk. He was a volunteer in the Territorial Army unit at Dersingham for the 5th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment, which he joined in May 1939 when the Territorial Army was doubled in size. He was transferred to the 7th Battalion, formed as a 2nd Line duplicate of the 5th, and was subsequently commissioned as a second lieutenant, despite a lack of experience. Second World War Aged 19 on the outbreak of the Second World War, Jamieson was considered too young for overseas service and did not initially go with the battalion, now part of the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division, to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) when it went to France in 1940 but followed later. When the majority of the battalion was captured in June 1940 during the Fall of France he was at Rouen and was able to return to Britain. The battalion was reformed in 1941 and he was promoted to a company commander of D Company. Victoria Cross Jamieson was a 23-year-old captain in the 7th Battalion of the Royal Norfolk Regiment, now part of the 176th Infantry Brigade attached to the 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division, when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 7/8 August 1944, south of Grimbosq, Normandy, France, Jamieson was in command of D Company, being the only officer remaining, which had established a bridgehead over the River Orne. The enemy made seven counter-attacks on the company's position, but throughout 36 hours of bitter and close fighting Captain Jamieson's company refused to give up. The attacks included assaults with Tiger and Panther tanks which shot up the Royal Norfolks' tanks. Jamieson at one point mounted a British tank to talk to the commander under enemy fire. He dismissed it as anything heroic, saying that he had to as the telephone didn't work – tanks were equipped with an external handset so that the commander could talk to an infantry commander without opening the hatch. The image of Captain Jamieson riding a Churchill tank while enemy tanks attacked was immortalised in a painting.The citation for Captain David Jamieson in the London Gazette of 26 October 1944 ends: ...Throughout the thirty six hours of bitter and close fighting and in spite of the pain of his wounds, Captain Jamieson showed superb qualities of leadership and great personal bravery. There were times when the position appeared hopeless, but on each occasion it was restored by his coolness and determination. He personally was largely responsible for the holding of this important bridgehead over the River Orne and for the repulse of seven German counter-attacks with great loss to the enemy. Post-war Following the war, he worked for the Australian Agricultural Company, which ran several sheep and cattle stations; he became a director in 1949 and was Governor from 1951–75. He was also director of other companies including National Westminster Bank. Due to his height, 6 ft 5, he was designated the ceremonial umbrella man to Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, carrying an umbrella over her at social functions.In 1948 he married Nancy Elwes, who died in a car accident in 1963. He remarried, to Joanna Windsor-Clive, in 1969. He was appointed High Sheriff of Norfolk in 1979.He died on 5 May 2001 in Burnham Market, Norfolk, and was interred in the churchyard in Burnham Norton. He was survived by his widow, his son Andrew Jamieson, and two daughters of his first marriage, three grandchildren and by a stepson and stepdaughter.

7095616544261525361

Q4800489

Arthur Treacher's Namesake The chain is the namesake of Arthur Treacher (1894–1975), an English character actor typecast as "the perfect butler" for his performances as Jeeves, as a butler in several Shirley Temple films, and the role of Constable Jones in Walt Disney Productions' Mary Poppins. At the time the chain was founded, Treacher was best known as the announcer and sidekick on the popular The Merv Griffin Show. Whether Treacher actually had a financial involvement in the restaurants is unknown (in interviews he refused to say), but he "served as a spokesman for the restaurant chain in its early years, underscoring the British character of its food." In a 1975 interview, New England franchise vice president M. John Elliott claimed the fish recipe to be the actor's own, brought over from the United Kingdom. Franchising The franchise company was started in 1969 as National Fast Food Corp. National Fast Food's principals at the time included S. Robert Davis, Dave Thomas and L. S. Hartzog. S. Robert Davis was a real estate developer who built and leased several Colonel Sanders Kentucky Fried Chicken properties. S. Robert Davis's friend Dave Thomas, who went on to found Wendy's, sold his Colonel Sanders franchises back to that company for $3,000,000. L. S. Hartzog ran a chain of bakeries selling biscuits to Colonel Sanders franchisees nationally. Fisher Foods involvement In 1970, Fisher Foods swapped capital with and licensed franchises from National, with a total of 550 franchises sold (106 to Fisher alone), but only 99 stores were actually in operation. Long John Silver's, Captain D's, Skipper's and Alfie's Fish & Chips likewise employed the fish franchise concept about the same time. Aided by Arthur Treacher's advertisements, these companies introduced British fish and chips to northeastern America, albeit four years after Salt's Fish & Chips (later renamed H. Salt, Esq. Authentic English Fish and Chips) introduced British fish and chips to America in California. Aggressive expansion under Orange Co. By the early 1970s, National Fast Food had become Orange Co. Under this name, Davis conducted an aggressive expansion campaign from 1972 through 1976. Lacking equity, he relied on generous sale-leaseback agreements. Under the terms of these agreements, Orange Co. would sell to investors sites for new restaurants and then sign long leases unconditionally guaranteeing to continue lease payments if the restaurants failed. Acquisition by Mrs. Paul's Seafood On November 21, 1979, Orange Co. sold Arthur Treacher's to Mrs. Paul's. However, under the terms of its original sale-leaseback agreements, Orange Co. remained liable for millions of dollars of payments to investors.The "Cod Wars" between the United Kingdom and Iceland during the 1970s had caused cod prices to double, and Mrs. Paul's responded by promptly replacing the Icelandic cod in Arthur Treacher's recipe with less expensive pollock that was oilier and of inferior quality. The move exacerbated tensions with franchisees – some of whom had already withheld a total of $5 million in royalties for what they perceived to be a steadily declining level of service. Litigation arising from the conflict eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Investor group After losing the case to the franchisees and having no way to compensate them, Mrs. Paul's sold Arthur Treacher's to Lumara Foods of America Inc. in March 1982. Lumara Foods filed for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code four months later.The company was subsequently bought by a group of investors and the corporate offices were relocated to Youngstown, Ohio. It went into bankruptcy in 1983. Two years later, it was merged into a shell company by Jim Cataland.From 1985 to 1993, Cataland slowly expanded the company again. In 1993, money from a new group of investors was used to introduce a more modern seafood concept; to buy additional stores; and to move the company from its base operations in Youngstown, Ohio, to Jacksonville, Florida.In the mid-1980s, franchises in Detroit, Michigan were converted by their owner to a new chain called Seafood Bay. Arthur Treacher's purchased six Seafood Bay locations back in 1997, but was unsuccessful in reverting them.The company experimented with co-branding, forming an alliance with Arby's (which got its start in the Youngstown suburb of Boardman) for co-branded locations. One such location existed in Breezewood, Pennsylvania. However, by the late 1990s, Arby's parent Triarc removed the Arthur Treacher's portions of its co-branded Arby's. Today, Arthur Treacher's primary co-branding partner is Nathan's Famous.

11844130399866843601

Q721692

Rubén Xaus Early years His father, who competed in amateur mountain bicycle races, gave Xaus his first motorcycle at the age of five, a Montesa 25cc. Aged 14 he was racing dirt-bikes, but his father convinced him to turn his attentions towards road racing. Xaus took part in the 125cc Catalan Championship, the 125cc Solo Moto Criterium, and that same year he took victory in the 80cc Catalonia Supermoto Championship.In 1994 he competed in the Open Ducados Supersport series in Spain – finishing 17th place, improving to third the following year. In 1995 he entered the FIM Thunderbike trophy and contested four 250cc Grand Prix. Xaus finished sixth in Thunderbike in 1996, moving to World Supersport in 1997 taking 17th overall.In 1998 he rode in the German Pro-Superbike series, taking sixth place overall. In 1999 he finished fifth in the Supersport World Championship, taking his first ever victory at Misano. In 2000 he rode one of the official Ducati factory team Supersport bikes, finishing seventh and taking one victory. Superbikes For 2001 he moved to the factory Ducati Superbike team in partnership with then-champion Troy Bayliss. He struggled early in the season, with a best result of 5th from the first 8 meetings. However, in race 2 at Oschersleben he became the first Spaniard ever to take victory in the Superbike World Championship. A pair of 2nds at Assen (helping Bayliss to clinch the title) and a second win at Imola gave him sixth in the championship. Sixth place in 2002 was followed by fifteen podiums and seven victories in 2003, finishing runner up to team mate Neil Hodgson MotoGP Xaus made his move into the MotoGP World Championship in 2004 as part of the satellite D'Antin Ducati team. The team was grossly under funded and could not afford testing time, but Xaus adapted better to the situation than team mate Hodgson. Consistent points-scoring performances and a first podium at Qatar saw him snap up the ‘Rookie of the Year’ title and 11th place overall in the championship standings. In 2005 he moved to the Fortuna Yamaha Team to ride alongside his friend Toni Elías. But a more pronounced power delivery and difficult chassis and Xaus's charging/forced riding style meant he looked a different rider to the one of 2004. He crashed numerous times, finishing 16th overall with a best finish of 10th . Superbikes part 2 For 2006 he returned to the Superbike World Championship, with a ride for the new Italian satellite Ducati team Sterilgarda Berik, alongside team owner Marco Borciani. He twice set the fastest lap, but his fast charges often ended in crashes, and he was only 14th overall.He ended the 2007 season 6th with a total 201 points (next behind the former world champion Troy Corser), scoring the team's first victory in Valencia.For 2008 Xaus was joined by Max Biaggi on a Ducati 1098R for Sterilgarda-GoEleven, under the team management of Borciani. He finished 2nd in race 2 at the season-opening event in Qatar and took a victory at Misano in Race 2 in front of Biaggi and Bayliss, but has had no further podiums. At Donington Park he believed he had finished 3rd in a race stopped by heavy rain, but found out immediately before the podium celebration that he had been disqualified for not returning to the pits quickly enough after crashing immediately before the race was stopped. He then refused to leave the podium and verbally assaulted the marshals, including the rider who inherited the third spot on the podium - his team-mate Max Biaggi. With three rounds remaining he lies 10th in the standings.On 26 June 2008, Xaus signed to ride the BMW S1000RR bike for the factory BMW Motorrad team in the 2009 WSB Championship. Personal data On 16 March 2007 Xaus married long term partner Mariona. The wedding was held in Andorra, where the couple live with their daughter Julia, who was born in November 2006.Xaus' hobbies include mountain biking, snowboarding and golf. He is 183 cm tall and weighs 74 kg.

578021713059503211

Q7390947

Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority The Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority was established by Louisiana state law Revised Statute §38:330.1 in September 2006. Its operation began in January 2007. The Authority consists of two regional levee boards which oversee flood protection in the Greater New Orleans area on the east and west banks of the Mississippi River. Commissioners of both Authorities have clearly defined term limits. The Authority also has a Nominating Committee.At that time, levee boards still existing were: Algiers), the East Jefferson (Parish) Levee District, the Lake Borgne Basin Levee District (St. Bernard Parish), the St. Tammany (Parish) Levee District, the Tangipihoa (Parish) Levee District, and levee boards for the east banks of St. John the Baptist and St. Charles Parishes. The several pre-existing boards, while subservient to the SLFPA, remained in operation until existing projects, bonds, and tax millage rates either are consolidated under the new board or expire. Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority - East The SLFPA-East consists of nine members, all of whom are appointed by the Governor of Louisiana from nominations provided by a blue-ribbon nominating committee. The nominating committee by statute consists of representatives of universities, national professional associations, and local civic groups. At least five members of the board are required to be engineers in geologically-relevant fields, such as hydrology. One member must be a civil engineer, and another member must be a geologist.The enabling statute stipulates that the SLFPA-East Board be composed of eleven members, one from each parish within the territorial jurisdiction of the authority.In February 2014, State Senators Donahue and Nevers, together with State Representatives Cromer, Burns, Hollis, Pearson, Ritchie, and Simon, pre-filed Senate Bill # 342 to make St Tammany Parish independent of SLFPA-East. Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority - West The SLFPA-West board is composed of seven members, two from each parish within the territorial jurisdiction of the authority. Members are appointed by the governor from nominations submitted by the nominating committee. Three members are engineers or professionals in related fields such as geotechnical, hydrological, or environmental science. Of those three members, one is a civil engineer and one a geologist or hydrologist. Two members are professionals in other disciplines with at least ten years of professional experience. One member of these must reside in Orleans Parish on the west side of the Mississippi River. There are two members-at-large, one of whom must reside on the west side of the Mississippi River. Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority Nominating Committee The SLFPA Nominating Committee consists of eleven members. Four are deans of various universities and the remainder is members of various engineering and good government organizations. This committee nominates individuals to the SLFPA East and West when there are vacancies. Members of the Nominating Committee have no defined term limits. In the spring of 2017, state representative Patrick Connick agreed to file a bill requiring term limits for the nominating committee at the urging of Sandy Rosenthal founder of Levees.org. The rationale was that this relatively small group of people decides who will spend upward of $60 million of taxpayer money annually and provided an opportunity for corruption. The state legislature agreed and passed HB266 by a vote of 37-0 in the Senate and 93-0 in the House requiring term limits. Rosenthal and the bills's sponsor were invited by Governor John Bel Edwards to the Capitol Press Room for a special signing on June 16, 2017. Inspections, Analysis and Public Reporting The current chair of the SLFPA nominating committee stated in an email communication on Nov 17, 2015 that "...the Louisiana legislature created SLFPAE to focus on flood protection across parish boundaries, including the oversight of the Corps of Engineers that OLD claimed to provide. Note that "oversight" includes independent inspection, analysis, and public reporting...." Despite this focus, the corps gave all parts of the system a ranking of "minimally acceptable" and repeatedly warned the Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority-East and -West and the state's Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority that maintenance issues pose a continuing threat to individual pieces of the levee system. And despite the focus on public reporting, there is no record that the SLFPA alerted the public of the low ranking.

11888983176557956005

Q15918207

Maxwell (microarchitecture) First generation Maxwell (GM10x) First generation Maxwell GPUs (GM107/GM108) were released as GeForce GTX 745, GTX 750/750 Ti, GTX 850M/860M (GM107) and GeForce 830M/840M (GM108). These new chips introduced few consumer-facing additional features, as Nvidia instead focused more on increasing GPU power efficiency. The L2 cache was increased from 256 KiB on Kepler to 2 MiB on Maxwell, reducing the need for more memory bandwidth. Accordingly, the memory bus was reduced from 192 bit on Kepler (GK106) to 128 bit, reducing die area and power draw.The streaming multiprocessor design from Kepler was also retooled and partitioned, while being renamed as "SMM" for Maxwell. The structure of the warp scheduler was inherited from Kepler, with the texture units and FP64 CUDA cores still shared, but the layout of most execution units were partitioned so that each warp schedulers in an SMM controls one set of 32 FP32 CUDA cores, one set of 8 load/store units and one set of 8 special function units. This is in contrast to Kepler, where each SMX has 4 schedulers that schedule to a shared pool of execution units. Prior to Kepler, these units were connected to a crossbar that uses unnecessary power to allow them to be shared. On Maxwell, the crossbar was removed as it became redundant. This allowed for a finer-grained and more efficient allocation of resources than in Kepler, saving power when the workload isn't optimal for shared resources. Nvidia claims a 128 CUDA core SMM has 90% of the performance of a 192 CUDA core SMX while efficiency increases by a factor of 2. Also, each Graphics Processing Cluster, or GPC, contains up to 4 SMX units in Kepler, and up to 5 SMM units in first generation Maxwell.GM107 also supports CUDA Compute Capability 5.0 compared to 3.5 on GK110/GK208 GPUs and 3.0 on GK10x GPUs. Dynamic Parallelism and HyperQ, two features in GK110/GK208 GPUs, are also supported across the entire Maxwell product line. Maxwell also provides native shared memory atomic operations for 32-bit integers and native shared memory 32-bit and 64-bit compare-and-swap (CAS), which can be used to implement other atomic functions.Nvidia's video encoder, NVENC, was upgraded to be 1.5 to 2 times faster than on Kepler-based GPUs, meaning it can encode video at six to eight times playback speed. Nvidia also claims an eight to ten times performance increase in PureVideo Feature Set E video decoding due to the video decoder cache, paired with increases in memory efficiency. However, H.265 is not supported for full hardware decoding in first generation Maxwell GPUs, relying on a mix of hardware and software decoding. When decoding video, a new low power state "GC5" is used on Maxwell GPUs to conserve power.Maxwell GPUs have been found to use tiled rendering. Second generation Maxwell (GM20x) Second generation Maxwell GPUs introduced several new technologies: Dynamic Super Resolution, Third Generation Delta Color Compression, Multi-Pixel Programming Sampling, Nvidia VXGI (Real-Time-Voxel-Global Illumination), VR Direct, Multi-Projection Acceleration, Multi-Frame Sampled Anti-Aliasing(MFAA) (however, support for Coverage-Sampling Anti-Aliasing(CSAA) was removed), and Direct3D12 API at Feature Level 12_1. HDMI 2.0 support was also added.The ROP to memory controller ratio was changed from 8:1 to 16:1. However, some of the ROPs are generally idle in the GTX 970 because there are not enough enabled SMMs to give them work to do, reducing its maximum fill rate.The Polymorph Engine responsible for tessellation was upgraded to version 3.0 in second generation Maxwell GPUs, resulting in improved tessellation performance per unit/clock.Second generation Maxwell also has up to 4 SMM units per GPC, compared to 5 SMM units per GPC.GM204 supports CUDA Compute Capability 5.2 (compared to 5.0 on GM107/GM108 GPUs, 3.5 on GK110/GK208 GPUs and 3.0 on GK10x GPUs).GM20x GPUs have an upgraded NVENC which supports HEVC encoding and adds support for H.264 encoding resolutions at 1440p/60FPS & 4K/60FPS (compared to NVENC on Maxwell first generation GM10x GPUs which only supported H.264 1080p/60FPS encoding).After consumer complaints, Nvidia revealed that it is able to disable individual units, each containing 256KB of L2 cache and 8 ROPs, without disabling whole memory controllers. This comes at the cost of dividing the memory bus into high speed and low speed segments that cannot be accessed at the same time for reads, because the L2/ROP unit managing both of the GDDR5 controllers shares the read return channel and the write data bus between the GDDR5 controllers. This makes simultaneous reading from both GDDR5 controllers or simultaneous writing to both GDDR5 controllers impossible. This is used in the GeForce GTX 970, which therefore can be described as having 3.5 GB in a high-speed segment on a 224-bit bus and 512 MB in a low-speed segment on a 32-bit bus. The peak speed of such a GPU can still be attained, but the peak speed figure is only reachable if one segment is executing a read operation while the other segment is executing a write operation. Performance The theoretical single-precision processing power of a Maxwell GPU in FLOPS is computed as 2 (operations per FMA instruction per CUDA core per cycle) × number of CUDA cores × core clock speed (in Hz).The theoretical double-precision processing power of a Maxwell GPU is 1/32 of the single precision performance (which has been noted as being very low compared to the previous generation Kepler). Successor The successor to Maxwell is codenamed Pascal. The Pascal architecture features High Bandwidth Memory, Unified Memory, and NVLink.

460694073885372274

Q17069117

Islands of Africa The islands of Africa are a major geographical sub-region of Africa, and represent a distinct demographic and historical cultural sphere of influence on the continent. Introduction The islands of Africa can be subdivided into Indian Ocean Islands and Atlantic Ocean Islands. The largest number of islands of Africa are found in the Indian Ocean, with the sovereign island nations of Comoros, Seychelles, Mauritius and Madagascar located off the southeastern seaboard of Africa being the most notable. The French overseas territories of Mayotte and Réunion are also located nearby. The medium-sized islands of Zanzibar and Lamu of Tanzania and Kenya, respectively, are also located in the Indian Ocean, in addition to smaller islands off the coasts of other continental countries. In the Atlantic seaboard, the largest islands are Cape Verde off the coast of West Africa and Sao Tome and Principe off the southwestern seaboard. In the Atlantic Ocean, the island of Malabo and other smaller islands of Equatorial Guinea are also notable. The Canary Islands and other territories of Spain are present in the Mediterranean Sea in the north Atlantic Ocean, and the British possessions of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and Tristan da Cunha are located off the southwestern seaboard of the continent. Geology All of the islands of Africa, except for Madagascar, are classified as small islands under the UNESCO classification system for all islands under 2,000 square kilometres (770 sq mi). Madagascar, in contrast, at 587,041 square kilometres (226,658 sq mi) is the fourth-largest island in the world. In line with most characteristics of small islands, the islands of Africa with the exception of Madagascar are almost all volcanic in origin, high in structure, with low coral elevation, with some surface water resources and undergo variable weather conditions, with occasional destructive tropical cyclones. Indian Ocean islands There are four sovereign island nations located in the Indian Ocean: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles. These countries have interrelated histories and populations over hundreds of years of interaction. These islands, in addition to the French territories of Réunion and Mayotte make up the membership of the Indian Ocean Commission. Each of the sovereign Indian Ocean nations have complex population histories with Southeast Asian exploration and settlement, Arab trade and the Bantu migrations each playing a crucial role before later European colonization.The French settled the largest island of the Indian Ocean (and the fourth-largest globally), Madagascar, along with a group of smaller islands nearby, namely Réunion and the Comoros. Madagascar became part of the French colonial empire following two military campaigns against the Kingdom of Madagascar, which it initiated after persuading Britain to relinquish its interests in the island in exchange for control of Zanzibar off the coast of Tanganyika, an important island hub of the spices trade. The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. Atlantic Ocean islands There are two sovereign island nations in the Atlantic Ocean: São Tomé and Príncipe and Cape Verde. Both islands share some historical and demographic features, especially in relation to their uses as transit points during the Atlantic slave trade.Neither São Tomé and Príncipe nor Cape Verde were inhabited before European colonization in the wake of the Atlantic slave trade. European dependencies and territories Both Spain and France retain possession of a number of territories in Africa in the form of islands in the Mediterranean Sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the case of Spain, and in the Indian Ocean in the case of France. Italy, the United Kingdom and Portugal also retain possession of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean.The Canary Islands, as well as Ceuta and Melilla and the Plazas de soberania islands in the Mediterranean Sea off the northern coast of Morocco, have long been in Spanish possession since the Reconquista, although Morocco continues to challenge Spain's authority over some of the islands.Following the independence of Comoros from France, the island of Mayotte voted in 1975 to remain a French territory, and in 2011 attained the status of a French department, along with Réunion which has held that status since the 1950s. Comoros continues to challenge France's possession of Mayotte, and Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles also variously dispute France's possession of its Îles Éparses, or other scattered islands of the Indian Ocean.The United Kingdom also retains territories in the form of Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha off Africa's western seaboard in the Atlantic Ocean, as does Portugal with the islands of Madeira north of the Canary Islands and Italy with the islands of Lampedusa and Lampione off the northern coast of Tunisia. Other Many continental African countries also include many islands within their territories. Some of these islands have witnessed rising secessionist movements, most notably the islands of Zanzibar in Tanzania and Lamu in Kenya. Demographics The total population of inhabitants of the islands of Africa is estimated at a little over 30 million, with the bulk of the population of the islands of Africa residing in Madagascar. Culture The islands of Africa share many cultural traits due to similar settlement and population histories. Most of the creole languages of Africa developed on the islands of Africa, and the development of the Swahili language and Malagasy language, both of which incorporate various Arabic, Persian, Bantu and Southeast Asian (in the case of Malagasy) elements, took place mostly on the Indian Ocean islands. The musical innovations of many islands of Africa from contact between Asian, European and African instruments and styles are also popular on continental Africa, most notably those of the Music of Cape Verde and Music of Zanzibar.

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