text
stringlengths
11
2.31k
simplified
stringlengths
12
2.51k
The University of Alabama is an independent branch of the University of Alabama System , which is governed by the Board of Trust of the University of Alabama .
The University of Alabama is a university in the U.S. state of Alabama .
UA is the senior and the largest in terms of enrollment of the state 's major research universities , the others being rival Auburn University and fellow UA System institutions the University of Alabama in Huntsville ( UAH ) and the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) .
UA is one of the three largest universities in Alabama . Auburn University and University of Alabama at Birmingham are the other two main schools in Alabama .
The University of Alabama ( also known as Alabama , UA , or colloquially as ` Bama ) is a public coeducational university located in Tuscaloosa , Alabama , USA .
The University of Alabama is a university in the U.S. state of Alabama . The University of Alabama is in the city of Tuscaloosa .
It debuted on the Fox television network , first airing on August 23 , 1998 , running for eight consecutive seasons , and concluding with the 200th episode on May 18 , 2006 .
The series first started August 23 , 1998 and its final episode aired May 18 , 2006 .
That '70s Show is an American television period sitcom that centers on the lives of a group of teenage friends living in the fictional suburban town of Point Place , Wisconsin , from May 17 , 1976 , to December 31 , 1979 .
That '70s Show is an American television series . It is about the lives of a group of teenagers living in Point Place ( Fond du Lac ) , Wisconsin from May 17 , 1976 to December 31,1979 .
The orchestra is the principal orchestra of The Proms , the annual season of concerts played at the Royal Albert Hall , giving around a dozen concerts each season , including the First and Last Nights , the most concerts of any single orchestra during The Proms .
The orchestra plays a big part in the BBC Proms , the season of concerts played every summer at the Royal Albert Hall .
The BBC Symphony Orchestra is the principal broadcast orchestra of the British Broadcasting Corporation and one of the leading orchestras in Britain .
The BBC Symphony Orchestra is the main orchestra of the British Broadcasting Corporation . It is one of the best orchestras in Britain .
Mauricio Andràs Pellegrino ( born October 5 , 1971 in Leones , Cà rdoba ) is a former Argentine footballer , who played as a central defender , and who also spent time as a coach .
Mauricio Pellegrino ( born 5 October 1971 ) is a former Argentine football player .
In the 1997 General Election , Bercow was elected the MP for Buckingham and promoted to the shadow cabinet in 2001 , holding held posts in the shadow cabinets of Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard .
At the 1997 General Election , Bercow was elected the Conservative MP for Buckinghamshire . He served in the shadow cabinets of Iain Duncan Smith and Michael Howard .
He served as a councillor from 1986-1990 and unsuccessfully contested seats in the 1987 and 1992 General Elections .
He tried to become an MP at the 1987 and 1992 General Elections but was not successful .
John Simon Bercow ( ; born 19 January 1963 ) is a British politician who has been the Speaker of the House of Commons in the United Kingdom since June 2009 .
John Simon Bercow ( surname pronounce BER-COE ; born January 19 , 1963 in Middlesex , England ) is a British politician who is the Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom .
There was also a trilogy of TMNT video games for the original Game Boy system made by Konami , consisting of : Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles : Fall of the Foot Clan , Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II : Back from the Sewers , and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III : Radical Rescue .
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles ( or TMNT ) are a group of fictional characters .
In 1455 Gutenberg published his 42-line Bible , known as the Gutenberg Bible .
The high number of new books was partly because of the popular Bible Gutenberg printed â `` the Gutenberg Bible . This was the first Bible people made in large numbers ; Gutenberg started on 23 February 1455 .
Project Gutenberg , the oldest digital library , commemorates Gutenberg 's name .
The Gutenberg Galaxy and Project Gutenberg use Gutenberg 's name .
Gutenberg was born in the German city of Mainz , the youngest son of the upper-class merchant Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden , and his second wife Else Wyrich , who was the daughter of a shopkeeper .
Gutenberg was born in Mainz , the son of a merchant , Friele Gensfleisch zur Laden .
Gutenberg died in 1468 and was buried in the Franciscan church at Mainz , his contributions largely unknown .
Gutenberg died in Mainz , Germany , in 1468 .
Superchunk was formed in 1989 in the town of Chapel Hill , North Carolina , by Mac McCaughan ( guitar and vocals ) , Laura Ballance ( bass ) , Chuck Garrison ( drums ) , and Jack McCook ( guitar ) .
Superchunk first came together in 1989 in Chapel Hill , North Carolina with Mac McCaughan singing and playing guitar , Laura Balance playing bass , Jack McCook playing guitar and Chuck Garrison playing drums .
Independence Hall is the centerpiece of Independence National Historical Park located in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States , on Chestnut Street between 5th and 6th Streets . Known primarily as the location where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted , the building was completed in 1753 as the Pennsylvania State House for the Province of Pennsylvania .
Independence Hall is a historic building in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania .
The building is part of Independence National Historic Park and is listed as a World Heritage Site .
It is a World Heritage Site .
In 1998 the Mirrar Aboriginal people , together with environmental groups , used peaceful on-site civil disobedience to create one of the largest blockades in Australia 's history .
In 1998 the Mirrar Aboriginal people , together with environmental groups , created one of the largest protests in Australia 's history .
Jacqui Katona is a western-educated Aboriginal woman who led the campaign to stop the Jabiluka uranium mine in the Northern Territory .
Jacqui Katona is an Aboriginal woman who tried to stop the Jabiluka uranium mine in the Northern Territory .
Katona won the 1999 U.S. Goldman Environmental Prize , with Yvonne Margarula , in recognition of efforts to protect their country and culture against uranium mining .
Katona won the 1999 U.S. Goldman Environmental Prize because she protected her country and culture against uranium mining .
Robert Finlayson Cook ( 28 February 1946 â `` 6 August 2005 ) was a British Labor Party politician , who was the Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Livingston from 1983 until his death , and notably served in the Cabinet as Foreign Secretary from 1997 to 2001 .
Robin Cook ( 28 February 1946 â `` 6 August 2005 ) was a politician in the British Labor Party . He was Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2001 .
The ladder is very popular with tourists , is lit at night and a timed run takes place there every year , with people coming from all over the world to take part .
It is beautifully lit at night . Each year , people come from all over the world to take part in a timed run up the ladder .
Another of the town 's prominent features is Jacob 's Ladder , a staircase of 699 steps , built in 1829 to connect Jamestown to the former fort on Ladder Hill .
It is a walkway up the mountains with 699 steps . The ladder was built in 1829 to connect Jamestown to the military base on Ladder Hill .
Saint John or St. John usually refers to John the Apostle of the Bible .
Saint John or St. John could mean :
Gravity is the title of Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace 's fifth studio album .
Gravity is the fifth studio album by Canadian rock band Our Lady Peace .
It was released on June 18 , 2002 by Columbia Records in North America .
It was released on June 18 , 2002 .
Hannah Murray ( born 1 July 1989 ) is an English actress , best known for playing Cassie Ainsworth in the E4 teen drama Skins from 2007 to 2008 .
Hannah Murray ( born July , 1989 ) is an English actress . She is best known for playing the role of Cassie , a gentle , ` spacey ' teen girl with an apparent eating disorder and unstated mental illness in E4 's Drama\/Comedy , Skins .
Originally known as Windows Server Codename `` Longhorn '' , Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced its official title ( Windows Server 2008 ) during his keynote address at WinHEC 16 May 2007 .
This operating system was previously named Windows Server `` Longhorn '' , but on May 15 , 2007 , Bill Gates announced its official name on Windows Hardware Engineering Conference 2007 .
Microsoft has announced that Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows server operating system . Windows Server 2008 is available in the editions listed below , similar to Windows Server 2003 .
Windows Server 2008 is the name of the current server operating system from Microsoft , the previous version of which was Windows Server 2003 .
Prussian troops played a key part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814 , and the King himself traveled with the main army of Prince Schwarzenberg , along with Alexander of Russia and Francis of Austria .
Prussian troops played a key part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814 .
At first Frederick William and his advisors attempted to pursue a policy of neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars .
At first Frederick William tried to follow a policy of neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars .
Alexander , too , suffered defeat at the hands of the French , and at Tilsit on the Niemen France made peace with Russia and Prussia .
But Alexander was defeated as well . At Tilsit France made peace with Russia and Prussia .
On 14 October 1806 , at the Battle of Jena-Auerst à dt , the French defeated the Prussian army led by Frederick William , and the Prussian army collapsed .
On 14 October 1806 , at the Battle of Jena-Auerst à dt , the French defeated the Prussian army , and it collapsed .
In 1813 , following Napoleon 's defeat in Russia , Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia at Kalisz , although he had to flee Berlin , still under French occupation .
After Napoleon 's defeat in Russia ( 1813 ) Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia .
On December 24 , 1793 , Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who bore him ten children .
On December 24 , 1793 , Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . They had ten children .
Napoleon dealt with Prussia very harshly , despite the pregnant Queen 's personal interview with the French emperor .
Napoleon dealt with Prussia very harshly , Prussia lost many of its Polish territories , as well as all territory west of the Elbe , and had to pay for French troops that occupied Prussia .
At the Congress of Vienna , Frederick William 's ministers succeeded in securing important territorial increases for Prussia , although they failed to obtain the annexation of all of Saxony , as they had wished .
At the Congress of Vienna , Frederick William 's ministers succeeded in securing important territorial increases for Prussia .
He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy , which became noticeable in his particularly reticent conversations distinguished by the lack of personal pronouns .
He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy ,
Following the war , Frederick William turned towards political reaction , abandoning the promises he had made in 1813 to supply Prussia with a constitution .
After the war , Frederick William did not keep the promises he had made in 1813 to supply Prussia with a constitution .
Please do not rename or remove these classes ; nor collapse nested elements which use them .
Please do not rename or remove these classes .
Leighton is a city in Mahaska County , Iowa , United States .
Leighton is a city of Iowa in the United States .
Strategic bombing is a methodology distinct from both tactical bombing and the use of strategic air assets in an operational capacity . Such a strategy usually involves sustained attacks over a period of time on targets that affect a nation 's overall war making capability , such as factories , railroads , oil refineries , and other resources .
Strategic bombing missions usually attack targets such as factories , railroads , oil refineries and cities .
Sebastià # o Barroso Lazaroni , commonly known as Sebastià # o Lazaroni ( born September 25 , 1950 ) , is a Brazilian football ( soccer ) manager , currently at the helm of Qatar SC , a Qatari club .
Sebastià # o Lazaroni ( born 25 September , 1950 ) is a Brazilian football manager .
The Southern Railway ( SR ) gave the designation 4-LAV to the electric multiple units built to work the semi-fast services on the route between London and Brighton .
The Southern Railway ( SR ) gave the designation 4Lav to the electric multiple units built to work the semi-fast services on the route between London and Brighton .
It had little , if anything , to do with the Comà die en vaudeville of the French theater .
It was used a lot in French theater where entertainments using such songs were called `` comà die en vaudeville '' .
Cras-sur-Reyssouze is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France .
Cras-sur-Reyssouze is a commune .
The element may also be prepared in an ultra-pure form through the reaction of potassium iodide with copper ( II ) sulfate , which gives copper ( II ) iodide initially .
A very pure form of iodine is made by reacting copper sulfate and potassium iodide . This makes copper ( II ) iodide which is not stable .
Elemental iodine is used as a disinfectant in various forms .
Iodine is used for a disinfectant .
Air is blown into the solution , causing the iodine to evaporate , then it is passed into an absorbing tower containing acid where sulfur dioxide is added to reduce the iodine .
Air is blown over the water to evaporate the iodine .
The hydrogen iodide ( HI ) is reacted with chlorine to precipitate the iodine .
Chlorine is reacted with seawater to change the iodide to iodine .
That decomposes spontaneously to copper ( I ) iodide and iodine :
It breaks down into copper ( I ) iodide and iodine , which is pure .
Aside from tungsten , iodine is the heaviest element to be essential in living organisms , and iodine is the heaviest element thought to be needed by higher animals .
Iodine is one of the heaviest elements needed by living things .
Some people develop a sensitivity to iodine . Application of tincture of iodine can cause a rash .
Tincture of iodine is a common iodine disinfectant .
By ingesting this large amount of non-radioactive iodine , radioactive iodine uptake by the thyroid gland is minimized .
The radioactive iodine easily goes into the thyroid and causes cancer . When people take iodine tablets , it fills up the thyroid with non-radioactive iodine which prevents any radioactive iodine from coming in .
Yakutat City and Borough is a unified city-borough in the U.S. state of Alaska .
Yakutat City and Borough is a city in Alaska .
Sà # o Cristà và # o was the site of the first settlement by the Portuguese , in 1591 at Sergipe D'El-Rey , what is today Sergipe ( the name Sergipe is actually a Tupi word , meaning river of `` crab '' ) , becoming the state 's capital .
The first people to live in Sergipe were from the Tupi Tribe . The name `` Sergipe '' is the Tupi word for crab .
Aracaju is the capital and the largest city of the state .
Aracaju is the capital and largest city .
It borders on two other states , Bahia in the south and west and Alagoas in the north , and in the east on the Atlantic Ocean .
Sergipe borders two other states , Bahia and Alagoas .
Sergipe ( officially the State of Sergipe ) , is the smallest state of the Brazilian Federation , located on the northeastern Atlantic coast of the country .
Sergipe is the smallest state in Brazil .
See also List of municipalities in Sergipe ( SE ) , Brazil .
Now , Sergipe is part of free Brazil .
The convention also sets out which people do not qualify as refugees , such as war criminals .
It also makes clear which people are not seen as refugees , such as war criminals .
Article 1 of the Convention as amended by the 1967 Protocol provides the definition of a refugee : `` A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race , religion , nationality , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or , owing to such fear , is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ; or who , not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events , is unable or , owing to such fear , is unwilling to return to it . . ''
Articles from 1 to 12 consist Chapter I and Article 1 of the Convention as amended by the 1967 Protocol provides the definition of a refugee : `` A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race , religion , nationality , membership of a particular social group or political opinion , is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or , owing to such fear , is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country ; or who , not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events , is unable or , owing to such fear , is unwilling to return to it . . ''
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international convention that defines who is a refugee , and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum .
The United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is an international agreement that defines who is a refugee , and makes clear what are the rights of individuals who are granted asylum and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum .
It was initially limited to protecting European refugees after World War II but a 1967 Protocol removed the geographical and time limits , expanding the Convention 's scope .
It was initially limited to protecting European refugees after World War II but a 1967 protocol removed the geographical and time limits .
It was previously known as Tonbridge Grammar School for Girls but with the introduction of boys in the sixth form in 2002 , the school changed its name .
The school was called Tonbridge Grammar School For Girls until 2002 , when boys were allowed into the 6th form .
Tonbridge Grammar School is a state-funded grammar school in Tonbridge , United Kingdom .
Tonbridge Grammar School ( or just TGS ) is a well known grammar school in Tonbridge , Kent .
The headmistress and only teacher was Miss Taylor .
The teacher and headmistress was called Mrs Taylor .
The school moved to its current site in Deakin Leas in 1913 , after Tonbridge Library became too small to accommodate the growing numbers .
In 1913 the school moved to the site in Deakin Leas as the school was growing quickly and the library was not big enough .
Tonbridge Grammar School for Girls began in 1905 with just 13 girls as pupils on the top floor of Tonbridge Library .
Tonbridge Grammar School started in 1905 on the top floor of the Tonbridge Library with only 13 pupils .
The Sooty Barbthroat ( Threnetes niger ) is a hummingbird species in the family Trochilidae .
The Sooty Barbthroat ( Threnetes niger ) is a species of hummingbird .
Its natural habitat is humid tropical lowland forest .
Its habitat is humid tropical lowland forest .
Freire 's Sooty Barbthroat ( T. n. freirei ) is intermediate between the Sooty and Bronze-tailed Barbthroats however , and thus its status needs to be clarified before the situation is resolved .
Freire 's Sooty Barbthroat ( T. n. freirei ) is average between the Sooty and Bronze-tailed Barbthroats however , and thus its status needs to be more clear before the problem is fixed .
Some authors considered the Sooty Barbthroat to be a melanistic variant of the Pale-tailed Barbthroat ( T. leucurus ) .
Some authors thought the Sooty Barbthroat to be a `` melanistic variant '' of the Pale-tailed Barbthroat ( T. leucurus ) .
Though fairly restricted in range , it is common enough to be considered a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN .
Though normally restricted in range , it is common enough to be thought a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN .
In addition , some suggest that the Bronze-tailed Barbthroat ( T. n. loehkeni ) should also be considered a valid species and include the doubtful Christina 's Barbthroat ( T. n. christinae ) as a subspecies .
Not only that , but some suggest that the Bronze-tailed Barbthroat ( T. n. loehkeni ) should also be thought a valid species and have the doubtful Christina 's Barbthroat ( T. n. christinae ) as a subspecies .
The taxonomy and systematics of the Sooty\/Pale-tailed Barbthroat complex has caused much confusion .
The taxonomy and systematics of the Sooty Barbthroat complex has made much confusion .
Aranno is a municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland .
Aranno is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in southern Switzerland .
Pellegrue is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .
Pellegrue is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .
Slater is a city in Story County , Iowa , United States .
Slater is a city of Iowa in the United States .
Monocytes are attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances through chemotaxis , triggered by a range of stimuli including damaged cells , pathogens and cytokines released by macrophages already at the site .
Monocytes are attracted to a damaged site by chemical substances , triggered by a range of stimuli .
It often happens that all the mayflies in a population mature at once ( the hatch ) , and for a day or two in the spring or fall , mayflies will be everywhere , dancing around each other in large groups , or resting on every available surface .
It often happens that all the mayflies in a population mature at once ( the hatch ) , and for a day or two in the Spring or Autumn ( Fall ) , mayflies will be everywhere , dancing around each other in large groups , or resting on every available surface .
Mayflies are unique among the winged insects in that they moult one more time after acquiring functional wings ( this is also known as the alate stage ) ; this second-to-last winged instar is usually very short , often a matter of hours , and is known as a subimago or to fly fishermen as a dun .
Mayflies are unique in that they moult one more time after getting functional wings ( this is also known as the alate stage ) . This second-to-last winged stage is usually very short , a matter of hours .
This stage is a favorite food of many fish , and many fishing flies are modeled to resemble them .
The stage is a favorite food of many fish , and many ` fishing flies ' are modelled on them .
Castillon-de-Castets is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France .
Castillon-de-Castets is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France .
Born human , she was assimilated by the Borg at the age of six .
According to the Borg , Seven of Nine is the first borg to go back to the life she had before being assimilated .
Box Car Racer was an American post hardcore band from San Diego , California , formed in 2001 .
Box Car Racer was a American Alternative rock\/Post-hardcore band from San Diego , California that were active from 2001 to 2003 .
The band was a side-project of guitarist\/vocalist Tom DeLonge and drummer Travis Barker of Blink-182 , along with lead guitarist David Kennedy of Hazen Street , and touring bassist Anthony Celestino .
Box Car Racer was a side-project for Blink-182 members Tom DeLonge and Travis Barker and lead guitarist of Hazen Street , David Kennedy and touring bassist Anthony Celestino .
Shin Asahina is a former Japanese footballer .
Shin Asahina ( born 20 August 1976 ) is a former Japanese football player .
The club is currently third in Europe and sixth in the world with the most international titles won officially recognized by their respective association football confederation and FIFA .
The Old Lady is the third most successful club in Europe and the sixth in the world with the most international titles officially recognized by one of the six continental football confederations and FIFA .
The club is one of the founders of the European Club Association ( ECA ) , which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14 , an international group of Europe 's most elite clubs which Juventus were also a founding member .
The club is a founding member of the European Club Association , which was formed after the dissolution of the G-14 , a collection of Europe 's most elite clubs .
In 1985 , Juventus became the first club in the history of European football to have won all three major UEFA competitions , the European Champion Clubs ' Cup , the ( now-defunct ) UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup and the UEFA Cup ( first Italian and Southern European side to win the competition ) .
The club was the first Italian and Southern European side to win the UEFA Cup . In 1985 , Juventus , the only team in the world to have won all official international cups and championships became the first club in the history of European football to have won all three major UEFA club competitions .
Overall , Juventus have won 51 official competitions , more than any other team in the country ; 40 in the national First Division , which is also a record , and 11 official international competitions , making them , in the latter case , the second most successful Italian club in European competition .
The club is the most successful team in the history of Italian football . Overall , the club have won 51 official trophies , more than any other team in the country ; 40 in Italy , which is also a record , and 11 in European and world competitions .
The peninsula protrudes into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks .
The peninsula sticks out into the rich fishing zones near the Grand Banks .
The Avalon Peninsula is a large peninsula ( 10,360 km ) that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland .
The Avalon Peninsula is a large peninsula ( 9,270 km ) that makes up the southeast portion of the island of Newfoundland .
It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km ( 3 mile ) wide Isthmus of Avalon .
It is connected to the main section of the island by the 5 km\/3 mile wide Isthmus of Avalon .
The peninsula is home to 257,223 people , which is approximately 51 % of Newfoundland 's population in 2009 , and is the location of the provincial capital , St. John 's .
The peninsula is home to forty percent of Newfoundland 's population , and is the location of the provincial capital , St. John 's .
Moorslede was home to the 1950 World Cycling Championship , won by Briek Schotte .
The 1950 World Cycling Championshipwas held in Moorslede and was won by Briek Schotte .
The municipality comprises the towns of Dadizele and Moorslede proper .
Moorslede comprises the towns of Dadizele and Moorslede itself .