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<s>[INST] What causes a balance disorder? [/INST] Infections (viral or bacterial), head injury, disorders of blood circulation affecting the inner ear or brain, certain medications, and aging may change our balance system and result in a balance problem. Individuals who have illnesses, brain disorders, or injuries of the visual or skeletal systems, such as eye muscle imbalance and arthritis, may also experience balance difficulties. A conflict of signals to the brain about the sensation of movement can cause motion sickness (for instance, when an individual tries to read while riding in a car). Some symptoms of motion sickness are dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and generalized discomfort. Balance disorders can be due to problems in any of four areas: Peripheral vestibular disorder, a disturbance in the labyrinth. Central vestibular disorder, a problem in the brain or its connecting nerves. Systemic disorder, a problem of the body other than the head and brain. Vascular disorder, or blood flow problems. </s>

<s>[INST] What are some types of balance disorders? [/INST] Some of the more common balance disorders are: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): a brief, intense sensation of vertigo that occurs because of a specific positional change of the head. An individual may experience BPPV when rolling over to the left or right upon getting out of bed in the morning, or when looking up for an object on a high shelf. The cause of BPPV is not known, although it may be caused by an inner ear infection, head injury, or aging. Labyrinthitis: an infection or inflammation of the inner ear causing dizziness and loss of balance. Ménière's disease: an inner ear fluid balance disorder that causes episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus (a ringing or roaring in the ears), and the sensation of fullness in the ear. The cause of Ménière's disease is unknown. Vestibular neuronitis: an infection of the vestibular nerve, generally viral. Perilymph fistula: a leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear. It can occur after head injury, physical exertion or, rarely, without a known cause. </s>

<s>[INST] How are balance disorders diagnosed? [/INST] Diagnosis of a balance disorder is complicated because there are many kinds of balance disorders and because other medical conditions--including ear infections, blood pressure changes, and some vision problems--and some medications may contribute to a balance disorder. A person experiencing dizziness should see a physician for an evaluation. The primary physician may request the opinion of an otolaryngologist to help evaluate a balance problem. An otolaryngologist is a physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, head, and neck, with expertise in balance disorders. He or she will usually obtain a detailed medical history and perform a physical examination to start to sort out possible causes of the balance disorder. The physician may require tests to assess the cause and extent of the disruption of balance. The kinds of tests needed will vary based on the patient's symptoms and health status. Because there are so many variables, not all patients will require every test. Some examples of diagnostic tests the otolaryngologist may request are a hearing examination, blood tests, an electronystagmogram (ENG--a test of the vestibular system), or imaging studies of the head and brain. The caloric test may be performed as part of the ENG. In this test, each ear is flushed with warm and then cool water, usually one ear at a time; the amount of nystagmus resulting is measured. Weak nystagmus or the absence of nystagmus may indicate an inner ear disorder. Another test of the vestibular system, posturography, requires the individual to stand on a special platform capable of movement within a controlled visual environment; body sway is recorded in response to movement of the platform and/or the visual environment. </s>

<s>[INST] How are balance disorders treated? [/INST] There are various options for treating balance disorders. One option includes treatment for a disease or disorder that may be contributing to the balance problem, such as ear infection, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Individual treatment will vary and will be based upon symptoms, medical history, general health, examination by a physician, and the results of medical tests. Another treatment option includes balance retraining exercises (vestibular rehabilitation). The exercises include movements of the head and body specifically developed for the patient. This form of therapy is thought to promote compensation for the disorder. Vestibular retraining programs are administered by professionals with knowledge and understanding of the vestibular system and its relationship with other systems in the body. For people diagnosed with Ménière's disease, dietary changes such as reducing intake of sodium may help. For some people, reducing alcohol, caffeine, and/or avoiding nicotine may be helpful. Some aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin and streptomycin, are used to treat Ménière's disease. Systemic streptomycin (given by injection) and topical gentamicin (given directly to the inner ear) are useful for their ability to affect the hair cells of the balance system. Gentamicin also can affect the hair cells of the cochlea, though, and cause hearing loss. In cases that do not respond to medical management, surgery may be indicated. A program of talk therapy and/or physical rehabilitation may be recommended for people with anxiety. Template:WH Template:WS </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Bone cancer (Osteosarcoma)? [/INST] Many patients first complain of pain that may be worse at night, and may have been occurring for some time. If the tumour is large, it can appear as a swelling. The affected bone is not as strong as normal bones and may fracture with minor trauma (a pathological fracture). Bone fracture (may occur after what seems like a routine movement) Bone pain Limitation of motion Limping (if the tumor is in the leg) Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm) Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Bone or cartilage mass ? [/INST] Age and height: Data suggest that the risk of osteosarcoma is highest during the teenage "growth spurt." Children with osteosarcoma are usually tall for their age. Radiation to bones: People who were treated with radiation for another cancer have a higher risk of later developing post-radiation (after radiation) osteosarcoma. Certain bone diseases: Some bone diseases such as Paget disease of bone and multiple hereditary osteochondromas may be risk factors of osteosarcoma. Inherited cancer syndromes: Syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and retinoblastoma may increase the risk of developing osteosarcoma. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Bone or cartilage mass ? [/INST] Speak to your doctor immediately if you are experiencing any of the above mentioned symptoms. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Bone or cartilage mass (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis for bone cancer varies immensely based on how far the cancer has spread in the body and what specific type of cancer it is. You should talk to your doctor about your specific condition and outlook to gain a better sense of your prognosis. </s>

<s>[INST] What is desmoid tumor? [/INST] Desmoid tumor s grow from the connective tissue in your body They grow from fibroblast cells, which make up connective tissue and are also important for wound healing Connective tissue supports and connects your bones, ligaments, and muscles, and helps hold your organs in place Desmoid tumor s are also known as aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid -type fibromatosis A desmoid tumor can occur anywhere in the body since connective tissue is found everywhere in your body Desmoid tumor s are often found in the abdomen They can also be found in the shoulders, upper arm s, and thighs Desmoid tumor s are benign, which means they are not cancer While the cells of the desmoid tumor do not travel to parts the body like cancer can, they can invade nearby tissue and are often very painful Desmoid tumor s can grow slowly or very quickly The quicker they grow the more serious they are Desmoid tumor s can be difficult to completely remove with surgery Desmoid tumor s are most common in people between the ages of 15 and 60 years They are more common in females than males </s>

<s>[INST] How common is desmoid tumor? [/INST] Out of one million people worldwide, two to four are diagnosed with a desmoid tumor per year </s>

<s>[INST] How is desmoid tumor diagnosed? [/INST] Some people with desmoid tumor s have symptoms, but others don’t Symptoms can include: Pain Swelling in the area of the tumor Sleep loss Difficulty moving For people without symptoms, these tumors can be discovered if the person has an imaging test for another reason </s>

<s>[INST] How is desmoid tumor treated? [/INST] Treatment for each patient will be unique You should go to an expert in sarcoma treatment to decide the best approach for your tumor You can contact MyPART for help finding experts near you Desmoid tumor s can be hard to predict They can shrink and go away on their own, they can remain the same size, or they can grow quickly Treatment options to discuss with your doctor include: Watch and wait In some cases, the tumor grows very slowly, or even shrinks without any treatment In this case it may be safest for your doctor to check your tumor regularly without treating it Surgery Surgery has been a standard treatment for desmoid tumor s in the past, but this may be changing Because the tumor often returns to the same location after surgery, doctors are looking for other treatment options Radiation therapy Radiation therapy is a treatment option for some desmoid tumor s Because radiation therapy can cause other cancers in the future, it is important to discuss with your doctor Chemotherapy There is no standard chemotherapy for desmoid tumor s But, promising new drugs have been shown to shrink these tumors It is important to discuss these different options with your doctor and seek second opinions if possible </s>

<s>[INST] Do desmoid tumors run in families? [/INST] In 5% to 10% of cases, desmoid tumor s may run in families Gardner syndrome is a rare syndrome that runs in families People with this syndrome have a high risk of colorectal cancer and desmoid tumor </s>

<s>[INST] How does desmoid tumor form? [/INST] Scientists are always working to understand how tumors form, but it can be hard to prove We know that some people with a family history of desmoid tumor s have a change in a gene called adenomatous polyposis coli, or APC This change causes too much of a protein called beta-catenin in parts of your cells Too much beta-catenin can cause cells to grow when they shouldn’t In some desmoid tumor s, there is too much beta-catenin, even though APC is normal APC and beta-catenin are important in many common cancers, such as colon cancer, and scientists are trying to use this information to develop better cancer treatments, which will help people with desmoid tumor s </s>

<s>[INST] What is the prognosis for someone with a desmoid tumor? [/INST] The estimate of how a disease will affect you long-term is called prognosis Every person is different and prognosis will depend on many factors, such as: Where the tumor is in your body How fast the tumor grows How much of the tumor was taken out during surgery If you want information on your prognosis, it is important to talk to your doctor NCI also has resources to help you understand cancer prognosis Doctors estimate desmoid tumor survival rates by how groups of people with desmoid tumor s have done in the past Because there are so few desmoid tumor patients these rates may not be very accurate They also don’t take into account newer treatments being developed Most desmoid tumor s don’t change how long you will live, but they are very difficult to get rid of and can be painful to live with Desmoid tumor s growing in the abdomen can cause problems, such as blocking your intestines It is important that your doctor monitor the growth of these tumors carefully </s>

<s>[INST] What causes cancers of the head and neck? [/INST] Alcohol and tobacco use (including smokeless tobacco, sometimes called “ chewing tobacco ” or “ snuff ”) are the two most important risk factors for head and neck cancers, especially cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. At least 75% of head and neck cancers are caused by tobacco and alcohol use. People who use both tobacco and alcohol are at greater risk of developing these cancers than people who use either tobacco or alcohol alone. tobacco and alcohol use are not risk factors for salivary gland cancers. Infection with cancer -causing types of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV type 16, is a risk factor for some types of head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal cancers that involve the tonsils or the base of the tongue. In the United States, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer s caused by HPV infectio n is increasing, while the incidenc e of oropharyngeal cancer s related to other causes is falling. Other risk factors for cancers of the head and neck include the following: Paan (betel quid), immigrants from Southeast Asia who use paan (betel quid) in the mouth should be aware that this habit has been strongly associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. Preserved or salted foods, consumption of certain preserved or salted foods during childhood is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer. Oral health, poor oral hygiene and missing teeth may be weak risk factors for cancers of the oral cavity. Use of mouthwash that has a high alcohol content is a possible, but not proven, risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity. Occupational exposure, occupational exposure to wood dust is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer. Certain industrial exposures, including exposures to asbestos and synthetic fibers, have been associated with cancer of the larynx. Industrial exposure to wood or nickel dust or formaldehyde is a risk factor for cancers of the paranasal sinuse s and nasal cavity. Radiation exposure, radiation to the head and neck, for noncancerous conditions or cancer, is a risk factor for cancer of the salivary glands. Epstein-Barr virus infection, infection with the Epstein-Barr virus is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer and cancer of the salivary glands. Ancestry. Asian ancestry, particularly Chinese ancestry, is a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of head and neck cancers? [/INST] The symptoms of head and neck cancers may include a lump or a sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, difficulty in swallowing, and a change or hoarseness in the voice. These symptoms may also be caused by other, less serious conditions. It is important to check with a doctor or dentist about any of these symptoms. Symptoms that may affect specific areas of the head and neck include the following: Oral cavity. A white or red patch on the gums, the tongu e, or the lining of the mout h; a swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable; and unusual bleedin g or pain in the mouth. Pharynx. Trouble breathing or speaking; pain when swallowing; pain in the neck or the throat that does not go away; frequent headaches, pain, or ringing in the ears; or trouble hearing. Larynx. Pain when swallowing or ear pain. Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Sinuses that are blocked and do not clear; chronic sinus infections that do not respond to treatment with antibiotics; bleeding through the nose; frequent headaches, swelling or other trouble with the eyes; pain in the upper teeth; or problems with dentures. Salivary glands. Swelling under the chin or around the jawbone, numbness or paralysis of the muscles in the face, or pain in the face, the chin, or the neck that does not go away. </s>

<s>[INST] How common are head and neck cancers? [/INST] Head and neck cancers account for approximately 4% of all cancers in the United States. These cancers are more than twice as common among men as they are among women. Head and neck cancers are also diagnosed more often among people over age 50 than they are among younger people. Researchers estimated that more than 65,000 men and women in this country would be diagnosed with head and neck cancers in 2017. </s>

<s>[INST] How can I reduce my risk of developing head and neck cancers? [/INST] People who are at risk of head and neck cancers ―particularly those who use tobacco ―should talk with their doctor about ways that they may be able to reduce their risk. They should also discuss with their doctor how often to have checkups. In addition, ongoing clinical trials are testing the effectiveness of various medications in preventing head and neck cancers in people who have a high risk of developing these diseases. Descriptions of these clinical trials can be accessed by searching NCI ’s list of cancer clinical trials. NCI ’s list of cancer clinical trials includes all NCI -supported clinical trials that are taking place across the United States and Canada, including the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. For information about other ways to search the list, see Help Finding NCI -Supported Clinical trials. Information specialists from NCI ’s Cancer Information Service (CIS) can also help people find clinical trials for the prevention of head and neck cancers. The CIS can be reached at 1–800–4–CANCER (1–800–422–6237) or by chatting with a cancer information specialist online through LiveHelp. Avoiding oral HPV infection may reduce the risk of HPV -associated head and neck cancers. However, it is not yet known whether the Food and Drug Administration -approved HPV vaccine s Gardasil ®, Gardasil 9®, and Cervarix ® prevent HPV infection of the oral cavity, and none of these vaccines has yet been approved for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer. More information about these vaccines is in the NCI fact sheet Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines. </s>

<s>[INST] How are head and neck cancers diagnosed? [/INST] To find the cause of the signs or symptoms of a problem in the head and neck area, a doctor evaluates a person’s medical history, performs a physical examination, and orders diagnostic tests. The exams and tests may vary depending on the symptoms. Examination of a sample of tissue under a microscope is always necessary to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. If the diagnosis is cancer, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of diseas e. Staging is a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Staging may involve an examination under anesthesia (in an operating room), x-rays and other imaging procedures, and laboratory tests. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment. </s>

<s>[INST] How are head and neck cancers treated? [/INST] The treatment plan for an individual patient depends on a number of factors, including the exact location of the tumor, the stage of the cancer, and the person’s age and general health. Treatment for head and neck cancer can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of treatments. People who are diagnosed with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer may be treated differently than people with oropharyngeal cancers that are HPV-negative. Recent research has shown that patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumors have a better prognosis and may do just as well on less intense treatment. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the side effects of treatment? [/INST] Surgery for head and neck cancers often changes the patient’s ability to chew, swallow, or talk. The patient may look different after surgery, and the face and neck may be swollen. The swelling usually goes away within a few weeks. However, if lymph nodes are removed, the flow of lymph in the area where they were removed may be slower and lymph could collect in the tissues, causing additional swelling; this swelling may last for a long time. After a laryngectomy (surgery to remove the larynx) or other surgery in the neck, parts of the neck and throat may feel numb because nerves have been cut. If lymph nodes in the neck were removed, the shoulder and neck may become weak and stiff. Patients who receive radiation to the head and neck may experience redness, irritation, and sores in the mouth; a dry mouth or thickened saliva; difficulty in swallowing; changes in taste; or nausea. Other problems that may occur during treatment are loss of taste, which may decrease appetite and affect nutrition, and earaches (caused by the hardening of ear wax). Patients may also notice some swelling or drooping of the skin under the chin and changes in the texture of the skin. The jaw may feel stiff, and patients may not be able to open their mouth as wide as before treatment. Patients should report any side effects to their doctor or nurse, and discuss how to deal with them. </s>

<s>[INST] Where can I find more information about clinical trials for patients with head and neck cancers? [/INST] Clinical trials are research studies conducted with people who volunteer to take part. Participation in clinical trials is an option for many patients with head and neck cancer. Ongoing clinical trials are testing the effectiveness of treatments for head and neck cancers. Descriptions of these clinical trials can be accessed by searching NCI’s list of cancer clinical trials, which includes all NCI-supported clinical trials that are taking place across the United States and Canada, including the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. For information about other ways to search the list, see Help Finding NCI-Supported Clinical Trials. Alternatively, call NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) for information about clinical trials for individuals with head and neck cancer, or chat with a cancer information specialist online through LiveHelp. People interested in taking part in a clinical trial should talk with their doctor. Information about clinical trials is available in the NCI publication Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. This resource describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer? [/INST] Common symptoms of lung cancer include A cough that doesn't go away and gets worse over time Constant chest pain Coughing up blood Shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness Repeated problems with pneumonia or bronchitis Swelling of the neck and face Loss of appetite or weight loss Fatigue </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Large cell carcinoma of the lung ? [/INST] People with constant exposure to high levels of air pollution and drinking water that has a high level of arsenic can increase your risk of lung cancer. A history of radiation therapy to the lungs can also increase risk. Working with or near cancer-causing chemicals or materials can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Such chemicals include: Asbestos Chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust Certain alloys, paints, pigments, and preservatives Products using chloride and formaldehyde </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Large cell carcinoma of the lung (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The outlook varies. Most often, non small cell lung cancer grows slowly. In some cases, it can grow and spread quickly and cause rapid death. The cancer may spread to other parts of the body, including the bone, liver, small intestine, and brain. Chemotherapy has been shown to prolong life and improve the quality of life in some patients with stage IV non small cell lung cancer. Cure rates are related to the stage of disease and whether you are able to have surgery. Stage I and II cancers have the highest survival and cure rates. Stage III cancer can be cured in some cases. Stage IV cancer that has returned is almost never cured. The goals of therapy are to extend and improve quality of life. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma? [/INST] In its earliest stages, hepatocellular carcinoma does not cause any symptoms. When the tumors grow larger, people may notice one or more of the following symptoms: Abdominal pain and vague abdominal fullness: At first the location of the abdominal pain you are experiencing may be isolated on the upper-right part of your abdomen. It is usually relatively mild pain or no pain at all that is present with this life-threatening condition. With the development of cancer, abdominal pain is usually persistent. Abdominal lump: People cannot find any lump at the beginning of the disease. When the tumor begins to enlarge, the lump may be obvious in the abdominal region. Jaundice and itching: This is caused by hepatocellular necrosis and obstruction of bile in the bile ducts. Nausea and vomiting: Hepatocellular carcinoma disturbs the normal functions of digestion. Vomiting blood: This symptom is attributed to many factors such as dysfunction of the liver and spleen. Loss of appetite General decline in health Weakness or fatigue Fever Infections or other health problems may also cause these symptoms. Only a doctor can tell for sure. A person with any of these symptoms should tell the doctor so that problems can be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma? [/INST] There are some factors that may increase your risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. These risk factors include: Chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C Cirrhosis Inherited metabolic diseases such as hemochromatosis, tyrosinemia, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, glycogen storage diseases, and Wilson disease Diabetes Mellitus Aflatoxins Anabolic steroids Arsenic Vinyl chloride and thorium dioxide Obesity </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Liver cancer ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma develop. If one or more of the following symptoms emerge, seek medical care as soon as possible: Sudden severe abdominal pain and a decrease in blood pressure: The reason a person with hepatocellular carcinoma has sudden severe abdominal pain is sometimes due to a ruptured carcinoma. This is the result of cancer developing very fast. Sometimes if the carcinoma invades the main vessel it results in a hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity and the patients may feel sudden abdominal pain. Vomiting a lot of blood: This is the result of complications such as dysfunction of the liver or synthetic blood coagulation factors and esophagogastric fundus vein rupture. An abundant amount of blood loss due to vomiting may lead to shock and even death. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Liver cancer (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is poor and it depends on the following: Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery The stage of cancer: the size of the tumor, whether cancer has spread outside the liver The patient’s general health Whether cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Lung cancer? [/INST] Early lung cancer often does not cause symptoms. But as the cancer grows, common symptoms may include: A cough that gets worse or does not go away Breathing trouble, such as shortness of breath Constant chest pain Coughing up blood A hoarse voice Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia Feeling very tired all the time Weight loss with no known cause Most often these symptoms are not due to cancer. Other health problems can cause some of these symptoms. Anyone with such symptoms should see a doctor to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Lung cancer? [/INST] Lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than breast, colon, and prostate cancers combined. Lung cancer is more common in older adults. It is rare in people under age 45. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you started smoking, the greater your risk of lung cancer. There is no evidence that smoking low-tar cigarettes lowers the risk. However, lung cancer has occurred in people who have never smoked. Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk of lung cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 3,000 nonsmoking adults will die each year from lung cancer related to breathing secondhand smoke. The following may also increase one's risk of lung cancer: High levels of air pollution High levels of arsenic in drinking water Radon gas Asbestos Family history of lung cancer Radiation therapy to the lungs Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Lung mass ? [/INST] Studies have found the following risk factors for lung cancer: Tobacco smoke: Tobacco smoke causes most cases of lung cancer. It's by far the most important risk factor for lung cancer. Harmful substances in smoke damage lung cells. That's why smoking cigarettes, pipes, or cigars can cause lung cancer and why secondhand smoke can cause lung cancer in nonsmokers. The more a person is exposed to smoke, the greater the risk of lung cancer. For more information, see the NCI fact sheets Quitting Smoking and Secondhand Smoke. Radon: Radon is a radioactive gas that you cannot see, smell, or taste. It forms in soil and rocks. People who work in mines may be exposed to radon. In some parts of the country, radon is found in houses. Radon damages lung cells, and people exposed to radon are at increased risk of lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer from radon is even higher for smokers. For more information, see the NCI fact sheet Radon and Cancer. Asbestos and other substances: People who have certain jobs (such as those who work in the construction and chemical industries) have an increased risk of lung cancer. Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer. The risk is highest for those with years of exposure. The risk of lung cancer from these substances is even higher for smokers. Air pollution: Air pollution may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer. The risk from air pollution is higher for smokers. Family history of lung cancer: People with a father, mother, brother, or sister who had lung cancer may be at slightly increased risk of the disease, even if they don't smoke. Personal history of lung cancer: People who have had lung cancer are at increased risk of developing a second lung tumor. Age over 65: Most people are older than 65 years when diagnosed with lung cancer. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Lung mass ? [/INST] Anyone with symptoms similar to those listed above should see a doctor to be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Lung mass (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of pancreatic is poor and it depends on the following: Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery. The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread outside the pancreas The patient’s general health Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Mediastinal tumor? [/INST] Almost half of mediastinal tumors cause no symptoms and are found on a chest x-ray performed for another reason. Symptoms that do occur are due to pressure on (compression of) local structures and may include: Chest pain Chills Cough Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) Fever Hoarseness Night sweats Shortness of breath </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Mediastinal tumor? [/INST] The mediastinum is the part of the chest that lies between the sternum and the spinal column, and between the lungs. This area contains the heart, large blood vessels, windpipe (trachea), thymus gland, and connective tissues. The mediastinum is divided into three sections: Anterior (front) Middle Posterior (back) Mediastinal tumors are rare. The most common location for tumors in the mediastinum depends on the age of the patient. In children, tumors are more common in the posterior mediastinum. These tumors often begin in the nerves and are non-cancerous (benign). Most mediastinal tumors in adults occur in the anterior mediastinum and are usually cancerous (malignant) lymphomas or thymomas. These tumors are most common in people ages 30 - 50. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Mediastinal tumor ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you notice symptoms of a mediastinal tumor. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Mediastinal tumor (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The outcome depends on the type of tumor. Different tumors respond differently to chemotherapy and radiation. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma? [/INST] Abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds Cough Coughing up blood Difficulty swallowing Hoarseness that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks Neck pain Sore throat that does not get better in 1 - 2 weeks, even with antibiotics Swelling or lumps in the neck Unintentional weight loss </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Nasopharyngeal carcinoma? [/INST] People who smoke or use tobacco are at risk of developing throat cancer. Excessive alcohol use also increases risk. Smoking and drinking alcohol combined lead to an increased risk for throat cancers. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ? [/INST] Most cancers of the throat develop in adults older than 50. Men are 10 times more likely than women to develop throat cancers. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if: You have symptoms of throat cancer, especially hoarseness or a change in voice with no obvious cause that lasts longer than 3 weeks You find a lump in your neck that does not go away in 2 - 3 weeks </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Throat cancers can be cured in 90% of patients if detected early. If the cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or lymph nodes in the neck, 50 - 60% of patients can be cured. If the cancer has spread (metastasized) to parts of the body outside the head and neck, the cancer is not curable and treatment is aimed at prolonging and improving quality of life. After treatment, patients generally need therapy to help with speech and swallowing. A small percentage of patients (5%) will not be able to swallow and will need to be fed through a feeding tube. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Osteochondroma? [/INST] In many cases, solitary osteochondromas do not cause any symptoms, or symptoms may arise long after tumors develop. Osteochondroma is most often diagnosed in patients aged 10 to 20 years. Common symptoms osteochondroma include: A painless bump near the joints Pain with activity Numbness or tingling Changes in blood flow (loss of pulse or changes in color of the limb) </s>

<s>[INST] What are the causes of Osteochondroma? [/INST] The cause of osteochondroma may be related to genetic mutations, such as: Germ line mutations in EXT1 and EXT2 genes </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk of Osteochondroma? [/INST] Common risk factors in the development of osteochondromas, include: Previous trauma to the growth plate Exposure to previous radiation Congenital limb anomalies </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Osteochondroma patient information? [/INST] Call your orthopaedic oncologist if symptoms of osteochondroma develops. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Osteochondroma patient information (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Osteochondroma prognosis is generally regarded good after surgical excision. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Osteoid Osteoma? [/INST] Osteomas are usually present with night limb pain and swelling. In some cases, a person will suffer from bowing deformity before seeing a doctor for diagnosis. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Osteoid osteoma patient information? [/INST] Children and adolescents. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Osteoid osteoma patient information? [/INST] Call your Orthopedics specialist if symptoms of osteoid osteoma occur, such as nocturnal limb pain (relieved by low doses of salicylates) and local tenderness. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Osteoid osteoma patient information (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of osteoma will depends on location and adjacent structures to the tumor. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Osteoma? [/INST] Osteomas are usually asymptomatic. However if symptoms occur, common symptoms can be dull, aching facial pain. In some cases, a person will suffer from facial deformity before seeing a doctor for diagnosis. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Osteoma patient information? [/INST] There are no known risk factors for osteoma. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Osteoma patient information? [/INST] Call your ENT specialist if symptoms of osteoma, such as facial deformity, vision loss, and anosmia develop. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Osteoma patient information (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis of osteoma will depends on the size, location and adjacent structures to the tumor. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Rhabdomyosarcoma? [/INST] The most common symptom is a mass that may or may not be painful. Other symptoms vary depending on location of the tumor. Tumors in the nose or throat may cause bleeding, congestion, swallowing problems, or neurological problems if they extend into the brain. Tumors around the eyes may cause bulging of the eye, problems with vision, swelling around the eye, or pain. Tumors in the ears, may cause pain, hearing loss, or swelling. Bladder and vaginal tumors may cause lead to trouble starting to urinate or having a bowel movement, or poor control of urine. Muscle tumors may lead to a painful lump and are often thought to be an injury. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Rhabdomyosarcoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] While aggressive treatment is usually necessary, most children with rhabdomyosarcoma will achieve long-term survival. Cure depends on the specific type of tumor, its location, and the amount that has spread. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer? [/INST] Common symptoms of lung cancer include A cough that doesn't go away and gets worse over time Constant chest pain Coughing up blood Shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness Repeated problems with pneumonia or bronchitis Swelling of the neck and face Loss of appetite or weight loss Fatigue </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung ? [/INST] People with constant exposure to high levels of air pollution and drinking water that has a high level of arsenic can increase your risk of lung cancer. A history of radiation therapy to the lungs can also increase risk. Working with or near cancer-causing chemicals or materials can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. Such chemicals include: Asbestos Chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust Certain alloys, paints, pigments, and preservatives Products using chloride and formaldehyde </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The outlook varies. Most often, non small cell lung cancer grows slowly. In some cases, it can grow and spread quickly and cause rapid death. The cancer may spread to other parts of the body, including the bone, liver, small intestine, and brain. Chemotherapy has been shown to prolong life and improve the quality of life in some patients with stage IV non small cell lung cancer. Cure rates are related to the stage of disease and whether you are able to have surgery. Stage I and II cancers have the highest survival and cure rates. Stage III cancer can be cured in some cases. Stage IV cancer that has returned is almost never cured. The goals of therapy are to extend and improve quality of life. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Transitional cell carcinoma? [/INST] Symptoms of bladder cancer can include: Abdominal pain Blood in the urine Bone pain or tenderness Fatigue Painful urination Urinary frequency Urinary urgency Urine leakage (incontinence) Weight loss Note: Other diseases and conditions can cause similiar symptoms. It is important to see a doctor to rule out all other possible causes. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Transitional cell carcinoma? [/INST] In the United States, bladder cancers usually start from the cells lining the bladder (called transitional cells). These tumors are classified based on the way they grow: Papillary tumors have a wart-like appearance and are attached to a stalk. Nonpapillary (sessile) tumors are much less common. However, they are more invasive and have a worse outcome. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Transitional cell carcinoma ? [/INST] The exact cause of bladder cancer is uncertain. However, several things may make you more likely to develop it: Cigarette smoking. Smoking greatly increases the risk of developing bladder cancer. Up to half of all bladder cancers in men and several in women may be caused by cigarette smoke. Chemical exposure at work. About one in four cases of bladder cancer is caused by coming into contact with to cancer-causing chemicals at work. These chemicals are called carcinogens. Dye workers, rubber workers, aluminum workers, leather workers, truck drivers, and pesticide applicators are at the highest risk. Chemotherapy: The chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) may increase the risk of bladder cancer. Radiation treatment: Women who had radiation therapy to treat cervical cancer have an increased risk of developing bladder cancer. Bladder infection: A long-term (chronic) bladder infection or irritation may lead to a certain type of bladder cancer. Some research has suggested a link between artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer. The evidence is weak. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Transitional cell carcinoma ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you have blood in your urine or other symptoms of bladder cancer, including: Frequent urination Painful urination Urgent need to urinate Also, call your health care provider for an appointment if: You are exposed to possible cancer-causing chemicals at work You smoke </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Transitional cell carcinoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] After treatment for bladder cancer, you will be closely monitored by a doctor. This may include: Bone scans and CT scans to check for the spread or return of cancer Monitoring symptoms that might suggest the disease is getting worse, such as fatigue, weight loss, increased pain, decreased bowel and bladder function, and weakness Complete blood count (CBC) to monitor for anemia Bladder exams every 3 to 6 months after treatment Urinalysis if you did not have your bladder removed How well a patient with bladder cancer does depends on the initial stage and response to treatment of the bladder cancer. The outlook for stage 0 or I cancers is fairly good. Although the risk of the cancer returning is high, most bladder cancers that return can be surgically removed and cured. The cure rates for people with stage III tumors are less than 50%. Patients with stage IV bladder cancer are rarely cured. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Uveal melanoma? [/INST] Intraocular melanoma may not cause early signs or symptoms. It is sometimes found during a regular eye exam when the doctor dilates the pupil and looks into the eye. Signs and symptoms may be caused by intraocular melanoma or by other conditions. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Uveal melanoma ? [/INST] Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of melanoma of the eye. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Uveal melanoma (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following: How the melanoma cells look under a microscope. The size and thickness of the tumor. The part of the eye the tumor is in (the iris, ciliary body, or choroid). Whether the tumor has spread within the eye or to other places in the body. Whether there are certain changes in the genes linked to intraocular melanoma. The patient's age and general health. Whether the tumor has recurred (come back) after treatment. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Behcet's syndrome? [/INST] The symptoms of Behçet's disease differ from one person to the next. Some people have only mild symptoms, such as sores in the mouth, while others have more severe problems, such as vision loss. The five most common symptoms of Behçet's disease are: Mouth sores Genital sores Other skin sores Swelling of parts of the eye Arthritis (pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints) Less common symptoms include: Inflammation in the brain and spinal cord Blood clots Inflammation in the digestive system (the parts of the body that digest food) Blindness Symptoms may appear, disappear, and then reappear. The times when a person is having symptoms are called flares. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Behcet's syndrome? [/INST] Nearly all of the symptoms of Behçet's disease are due to an inflammation of the blood vessels. Doctors aren't sure what causes this inflammation. Some people may have inherited (passed on from parent to child) a problem with the immune system that makes them more likely to develop the disease. For these people, contact with substances in the environment, such as bacteria or viruses, may cause the immune system to attack the blood vessels. Behçet's disease is not contagious; it is not spread from one person to another. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Behcet%27s syndrome ? [/INST] Doctors aren't sure what causes Behcet's. It is rare in the United States, but is common in the Middle East and Asia. It mainly affects people in their 20s and 30s. Diagnosing Behcet's can take a long time, because symptoms may come and go, and it may take months or even years to have all of the symptoms. There is no cure. Treatment focuses on reducing pain and preventing serious problems. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Behcet%27s syndrome ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if you are having these symptoms. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Behcet%27s syndrome (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] There is no cure for Behçet's disease, but most people can control symptoms with treatment. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of an Eyelid twitch? [/INST] In addition to having repetitive, uncontrollable twitching or spasms of your eyelid (usually the upper lid), you may be very sensitive to light or have blurry vision. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes an Eyelid twitch? [/INST] The most common things that make the muscle in your eyelid twitch are fatigue, stress, and caffeine. Once spasms begin, they may continue off and on for a few days. Then, they disappear. Most people experience this type of eyelid twitch on occasion and find it very annoying. In most cases, you won't even notice when the twitch has stopped. More severe contractions, where the eyelid completely closes, are possible. These can be caused by irritation of the surface of the eye (cornea) or the membranes lining the eyelids (conjunctiva). Sometimes, the reason your eyelid is twitching cannot be identified. This form of eyelid twitching lasts much longer, is often very uncomfortable, and can also cause your eyelids to close completely. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Blepharospasm ? [/INST] Call your primary care doctor or eye doctor (ophthalmologist, optometrist) if: Eyelid twitching does not go away within 1 week Twitching completely closes your eyelid Twitching involves other parts of your face You have redness, swelling, or a discharge from your eye Your upper eyelid is drooping </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Blepharospasm (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The outlook depends on the specific type or cause of eyelid twitch. In some cases, the twitches usually stop within a week. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Chalazion? [/INST] Eyelid tenderness Increased tearing Painful swelling on the eyelid Sensitivity to light </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Chalazion? [/INST] A chalazion develops in the glands that produce the fluid that lubricates the eye. These are called Meibomian glands. The eyelid has approximately 100 of these glands, which are located near the eyelashes. A chalazion is caused by a blockage of the duct that drains one of these glands. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Chalazion ? [/INST] Apply warm compresses and call your health care provider if the swelling gets worse or continues for longer than 1 month. Call for an appointment with your health care provider if lumps on the eyelid continue to get bigger despite treatment, or you have an area of eyelash loss. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Chalazion (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Chalazia usually heal on their own. The outcome with treatment is usually excellent. </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Cloudy cornea? [/INST] The cornea is normally a nearly invisible, clear structure covering the iris of the eye. Its two purposes are to transmit and focus the light entering the eye. Causes of cloudy cornea include: Chemical burns to the cornea Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (a form of conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex) Infectious diseases Poor nutrition River blindness (onchocerciasis -- an infection common in parts of Africa) Several rare inherited diseases involving abnormal metabolism Sjogren syndrome Trachoma Trauma Vitamin A deficiency Clouding leads to varying degrees of vision loss. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Cloudy cornea ? [/INST] Contact your health care provider if: The outer surface of the eye appears cloudy You have trouble with your vision Note: It is appropriate to see an ophthalmologist for vision or eye problems. However, your primary health care provider may also be involved if a whole-body (systemic) disease is suspected. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Cloudy cornea (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The health care provider will examine your eyes and ask questions about your medical history. Questions may include: Did the cornea become cloudy quickly, or did it develop slowly? When did you first notice this? Does it affect both eyes? Is there any history of injury to the eye? What other symptoms do you have? Do you have any trouble with your vision? If so, what type (blurring, reduced vision, or other) and how much? Tests may include: Biopsy of lid tissue Ophthalmoscopy Special photographs to measure the cells of the cornea Standard eye exam Ultrasound to measure corneal thickness </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Cloudy cornea? [/INST] The cornea is normally a nearly invisible, clear structure covering the iris of the eye. Its two purposes are to transmit and focus the light entering the eye. Causes of cloudy cornea include: Chemical burns to the cornea Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis (a form of conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex) Infectious diseases Poor nutrition River blindness (onchocerciasis -- an infection common in parts of Africa) Several rare inherited diseases involving abnormal metabolism Sjogren syndrome Trachoma Trauma Vitamin A deficiency Clouding leads to varying degrees of vision loss. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Corneal edema ? [/INST] Contact your health care provider if: The outer surface of the eye appears cloudy You have trouble with your vision Note: It is appropriate to see an ophthalmologist for vision or eye problems. However, your primary health care provider may also be involved if a whole-body (systemic) disease is suspected. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Corneal edema (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] The health care provider will examine your eyes and ask questions about your medical history. Questions may include: Did the cornea become cloudy quickly, or did it develop slowly? When did you first notice this? Does it affect both eyes? Is there any history of injury to the eye? What other symptoms do you have? Do you have any trouble with your vision? If so, what type (blurring, reduced vision, or other) and how much? Tests may include: Biopsy of lid tissue Ophthalmoscopy Special photographs to measure the cells of the cornea Standard eye exam Ultrasound to measure corneal thickness </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Corneal injury? [/INST] Being very sensitive to light Blurred vision Decrease in vision Eye pain or stinging and burning in the eye Feeling like something is in your eye, called a foreign-body sensation Redness of the eye, "bloodshot" eyes Swollen eyelids Watery eyes or increased tearing </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Corneal injury? [/INST] Injuries to the cornea are common. Injuries to the outer surface of the cornea, called corneal abrasions, may be caused by: Chemical irritation - from almost any fluid that gets into the eye Overuse of contact lenses or lenses that don't fit correctly Reaction or sensitivity to contact lens solutions and cosmetics Scratches or scrapes on the surface of the cornea (called an abrasion) Something getting into the eye (such as sand or dust) Sunlight, sun lamps, snow or water reflections, or arc-welding Infections may also damage the cornea. </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Corneal injury ? [/INST] You are more likely to develop a corneal injury if you: Are exposed to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet light for long periods of time Have ill-fitting contact lenses or overuse your contact lenses Have very dry eyes Work in a dusty environment High-speed particles, such as chips from hammering metal on metal, may become embedded in the surface of the cornea. Rarely, they may pass through the cornea and go deeper into the eye. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Corneal injury ? [/INST] Call your health care provider if the injury has not significantly improved in 2 days with treatment </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Corneal injury (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] Injuries that affect only the surface of the cornea normally heal very rapidly with treatment. The eye should be back to normal within 2 days. Penetrating corneal injuries are much more serious. The outcome depends on the specific injury. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Strabismus? [/INST] Symptoms of strabismus may be present all the time, or only when you are tired or sick. The eyes do not move together and may appear crossed at times. The other eye will appear turned out, up, or down from wherever the first eye is focused. Someone with strabismus may also have: Depth perception loss Double vision Vision loss </s>

<s>[INST] What causes Strabismus? [/INST] Six different muscles surround the eyes and work "as a team" so that both eyes can focus on the same object. In someone with strabismus, these muscles do not work together. As a result, one eye looks at one object, while the other eye turns in a different direction and is focused on another object. When this occurs, two different images are sent to the brain -- one from each eye. This confuses the brain, and the brain may learn to ignore the image from the weaker eye. If the strabismus is not treated, the eye that the brain ignores will never see well. This loss of vision is called amblyopia. Another name for amblyopia is "lazy eye." Sometimes amblyopia is present first, and it causes strabismus. In most children with strabismus, the cause is unknown. In more than half of these cases, the problem is present at or shortly after birth (congenital strabismus). Most of the time, the problem has to do with muscle control, and not with muscle strength. Less often, problems with one of the nerves or muscles, or Graves' disease restriction may cause strabismus. Other disorders associated with strabismus include: Brain and nerve disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, cerebral palsy, or Guillain-Barre syndrome Diabetes (causes a condition known as acquired paralytic strabismus) Damage to the retina in children who are born premature Hemangioma near the eye during infancy Injuries to the eye Tumor in the brain or eye Vision loss from any eye disease or injury </s>

<s>[INST] Who is at highest risk for Crossed eyes ? [/INST] A family history of strabismus is a risk factor. Farsightedness may be a contributing factor, especially in children. Any other disease that causes vision loss may also cause strabismus. </s>

<s>[INST] When to seek urgent medical care when I have Crossed eyes ? [/INST] Strabismus requires prompt medical evaluation. Call for an appointment with your health care provider or eye doctor if your child: Appears to be cross-eyed Complains of double vision Has difficulty seeing Note: Learning difficulties or problems at school can sometimes be due to a child's inability to see the blackboard or reading material. </s>

<s>[INST] What to expect if I have Crossed eyes (Outlook/Prognosis)? [/INST] After surgery, the eyes may look straight but vision problems can remain. The child may still have reading problems in school, and for adults driving may be more difficult. Vision may affect the ability to play sports. With early diagnosis and treatment, the problem can usually be corrected. Delayed treatment may lead to permanent vision loss in one eye. About one-third of children with strabismus will develop amblyopia. Because many children will get strabismus or amblyopia again, they need to be monitored closely. </s>

<s>[INST] What are the symptoms of Dacryoadenitis? [/INST] Swelling of the outer portion of the upper lid, with possible redness and tenderness Pain in the area of swelling Excess tearing or discharge Swelling of lymph nodes in front of the ear </s>