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[ "However", ",", "the", "mutant", "WT1", "(", "tmT396", ")", "protein", "accounted", "for", "only", "5", "%", "of", "WT1", "in", "both", "heterozygous", "embryonic", "stem", "cells", "and", "the", "WT", "." ]
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NCBI-92
[ "Molecular", "analysis", "in", "familial", "neurohypophyseal", "diabetes", "insipidus", ":", "early", "diagnosis", "of", "an", "asymptomatic", "carrier", "." ]
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NCBI-920
[ "Familial", "neurohypophyseal", "diabetes", "insipidus", "(", "FNDI", ")", "is", "an", "inherited", "deficiency", "of", "the", "hormone", "arginine", "vasopressin", "(", "AVP", ")", "and", "is", "transmitted", "as", "an", "autosomal", "dominant", "trait", "." ]
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NCBI-921
[ "In", "the", "present", "study", "we", "have", "analyzed", "the", "AVP", "-", "neurophysin", "II", "(", "AVP", "-", "NPII", ")", "gene", "in", "a", "Spanish", "kindred", "." ]
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NCBI-922
[ "Studies", "were", "performed", "on", "seven", "members", "(", "four", "clinically", "affected", ")", "of", "the", "family", "." ]
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NCBI-923
[ "Patients", "were", "diagnosed", "at", "the", "Hospital", "Universitario", "Gregorio", "Maranon", "(", "Madrid", ",", "Spain", ")", "." ]
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NCBI-924
[ "The", "entire", "coding", "region", "of", "the", "AVP", "-", "NPII", "gene", "of", "all", "family", "members", "was", "amplified", "by", "PCR", "and", "sequenced", "." ]
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NCBI-925
[ "All", "affected", "individuals", "presented", "a", "missense", "mutation", "(", "G1757", "-", "-", ">", "A", ")", "that", "replaces", "glycine", "at", "position", "23", "with", "arginine", "within", "the", "NPII", "domain", "." ]
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NCBI-926
[ "The", "substitution", "was", "confirmed", "by", "restriction", "endonuclease", "analysis", "and", "was", "present", "in", "heterozygosis", "." ]
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NCBI-927
[ "Additionally", ",", "one", "of", "the", "asymptomatic", "relatives", "(", "a", "girl", "8", "months", "old", "at", "the", "time", "of", "study", ")", "was", "identified", "as", "carrier", "of", "the", "same", "mutation", "and", "developed", "the", "disease", "3", "months", "later", "." ]
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NCBI-928
[ "The", "alteration", "found", "in", "the", "second", "exon", "of", "the", "gene", "in", "this", "family", "seems", "to", "be", "responsible", "for", "the", "disease", ",", "as", "all", "individuals", "harboring", "the", "mutation", "had", "been", "previously", "diagnosed", "or", "have", "eventually", "developed", "FNDI", "." ]
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NCBI-929
[ "This", "has", "implications", "regarding", "the", "mechanism", "by", "which", "the", "mutant", "allele", "exerts", "its", "effect", "." ]
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NCBI-93
[ "Identification", "of", "the", "molecular", "defect", "underlying", "FNDI", "in", "affected", "families", "is", "a", "powerful", "tool", "for", "early", "asymptomatic", "diagnosis", "in", "infants", ".", "." ]
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NCBI-930
[ "Deficit", "of", "in", "vivo", "mitochondrial", "ATP", "production", "in", "patients", "with", "Friedreich", "ataxia", "." ]
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NCBI-931
[ "Friedreich", "ataxia", "(", "FRDA", ")", ",", "the", "most", "common", "of", "the", "inherited", "ataxias", ",", "is", "an", "autosomal", "recessive", "degenerative", "disorder", ",", "characterized", "clinically", "by", "onset", "before", "the", "age", "of", "25", "of", "progressive", "gait", "and", "limb", "ataxia", ",", "absence", "of", "deep", "tendon", "reflexes", ",", "extensor", "plantar", "responses", ",", "and", "loss", "of", "position", "and", "vibration", "sense", "in", "the", "lower", "limbs", "." ]
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NCBI-932
[ "FRDA", "is", "caused", "by", "a", "GAA", "triplet", "expansion", "in", "the", "first", "intron", "of", "the", "FRDA", "gene", "on", "chromosome", "9q13", "in", "97", "%", "of", "patients", "." ]
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NCBI-933
[ "The", "FRDA", "gene", "encodes", "a", "widely", "expressed", "210", "-", "aa", "protein", ",", "frataxin", ",", "which", "is", "located", "in", "mitochondria", "and", "is", "severely", "reduced", "in", "FRDA", "patients", "." ]
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NCBI-934
[ "Frataxin", "function", "is", "still", "unknown", "but", "the", "knockout", "of", "the", "yeast", "frataxin", "homologue", "gene", "(", "YFH1", ")", "showed", "a", "severe", "defect", "of", "mitochondrial", "respiration", "and", "loss", "of", "mtDNA", "associated", "with", "elevated", "intramitochondrial", "iron", "." ]
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NCBI-935
[ "Here", "we", "report", "in", "vivo", "evidence", "of", "impaired", "mitochondrial", "respiration", "in", "skeletal", "muscle", "of", "FRDA", "patients", "." ]
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NCBI-936
[ "Using", "phosphorus", "magnetic", "resonance", "spectroscopy", "we", "demonstrated", "a", "maximum", "rate", "of", "muscle", "mitochondrial", "ATP", "production", "(", "V", "(", "max", ")", ")", "below", "the", "normal", "range", "in", "all", "12", "FRDA", "patients", "and", "a", "strong", "negative", "correlation", "between", "mitochondrial", "V", "(", "max", ")", "and", "the", "number", "of", "GAA", "repeats", "in", "the", "smaller", "allele", "." ]
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NCBI-937
[ "Our", "results", "show", "that", "FRDA", "is", "a", "nuclear", "-", "encoded", "mitochondrial", "disorder", "affecting", "oxidative", "phosphorylation", "and", "give", "a", "rationale", "for", "treatments", "aimed", "to", "improve", "mitochondrial", "function", "in", "this", "condition", ".", "." ]
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NCBI-938
[ "Identification", "of", "a", "novel", "R21X", "mutation", "in", "the", "liver", "-", "type", "arginase", "gene", "(", "ARG1", ")", "in", "four", "Portuguese", "patients", "with", "argininemia", "." ]
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NCBI-939
[ "Mechanism", "of", "increased", "iron", "absorption", "in", "murine", "model", "of", "hereditary", "hemochromatosis", ":", "increased", "duodenal", "expression", "of", "the", "iron", "transporter", "DMT1", "." ]
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NCBI-94
[ "Argininemia", "is", "a", "rare", "autossomal", "recessive", "disorder", "caused", "by", "deficiency", "in", "the", "cytosolic", "liver", "-", "type", "arginase", "enzyme", "(", "L", "-", "arginine", "urea", "-", "hydrolase", ";", "E", ".", "C", ".", "3", ".", "5", ".", "3", ".", "1", ")", "." ]
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NCBI-940
[ "In", "order", "to", "investigate", "the", "molecular", "basis", "for", "argininemia", "in", "four", "unrelated", "Portuguese", "patients", "(", "two", "from", "northern", "Portugal", "and", "two", "from", "Madeira", "Island", ")", "we", "performed", "a", "DNA", "sequence", "analysis", "of", "all", "the", "exons", "and", "exon", "/", "intron", "boundaries", "of", "the", "liver", "-", "type", "arginase", "gene", "(", "ARG1", ")", "." ]
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NCBI-941
[ "All", "patients", "were", "found", "to", "be", "homozygous", "for", "a", "newly", "identified", "C", "-", ">", "T", "transition", "in", "codon", "21", "(", "exon", "2", ")", "substituting", "arginine", "for", "a", "premature", "stop", "codon", "(", "R21X", "CGA", "to", "TGA", ")", "and", "generating", "a", "NlaIII", "restriction", "site", "." ]
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NCBI-942
[ "Restriction", "digestion", "following", "PCR", "amplification", "of", "ARG1", "exon", "2", "confirmed", "the", "presence", "of", "the", "mutation", "." ]
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NCBI-943
[ "Mutation", "of", "the", "sterol", "27", "-", "hydroxylase", "gene", "(", "CYP27", ")", "results", "in", "truncation", "of", "mRNA", "expressed", "in", "leucocytes", "in", "a", "Japanese", "family", "with", "cerebrotendinous", "xanthomatosis", "." ]
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NCBI-944
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NCBI-945
[ "The", "expression", "of", "CYP27", "has", "been", "mostly", "explored", "using", "cultured", "fibroblasts", ",", "prompting", "the", "examination", "of", "the", "transcripts", "from", "blood", "leucocytes", "as", "a", "simple", "and", "rapid", "technique", "." ]
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NCBI-946
[ "METHODS", "An", "alteration", "in", "CYP27", "of", "the", "proband", "was", "searched", "for", "by", "polymerase", "chain", "reaction", "-", "single", "strand", "conformation", "polymorphism", "(", "PCR", "-", "SSCP", ")", "analysis", "and", "subsequent", "sequencing", "." ]
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NCBI-947
[ "Samples", "of", "RNA", "were", "subjected", "to", "reverse", "transcription", "PCR", "(", "RT", "-", "PCR", ")", "and", "the", "product", "of", "the", "proband", "was", "amplified", "with", "nested", "primers", "and", "sequenced", "." ]
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NCBI-948
[ "RESULTS", "A", "homozygous", "G", "to", "A", "transition", "at", "the", "5", "end", "of", "intron", "7", "was", "detected", "in", "the", "patient", "." ]
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NCBI-949
[ "Hereditary", "hemochromatosis", "(", "HH", ")", "is", "a", "common", "autosomal", "recessive", "disorder", "characterized", "by", "tissue", "iron", "deposition", "secondary", "to", "excessive", "dietary", "iron", "absorption", "." ]
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NCBI-95
[ "In", "RT", "-", "PCR", "analysis", ",", "only", "a", "truncated", "transcript", "was", "detected", "in", "the", "patient", ",", "whereas", "both", "normal", "and", "truncated", "transcripts", "were", "detected", "in", "the", "siblings", "." ]
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NCBI-950
[ "The", "sequencing", "of", "the", "patients", "cDNA", "fragment", "disclosed", "a", "direct", "conjuction", "of", "exon", "6", "and", "exon", "8", "." ]
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NCBI-951
[ "CONCLUSION", "The", "mutation", "at", "splice", "donor", "site", "and", "the", "truncation", "of", "mRNA", "were", "identical", "with", "those", "of", "a", "recently", "reported", "Italian", "patient", ",", "although", "different", "in", "symptomatology", "." ]
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NCBI-952
[ "The", "application", "of", "blood", "leucocytes", "can", "be", "a", "simple", "technique", "on", "analysing", "a", "constructive", "abnormality", "of", "CYP27", "mRNA", ".", "." ]
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NCBI-953
[ "Clinical", "and", "molecular", "genetic", "analysis", "of", "19", "Wolfram", "syndrome", "kindreds", "demonstrating", "a", "wide", "spectrum", "of", "mutations", "in", "WFS1", "." ]
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NCBI-954
[ "Wolfram", "syndrome", "is", "an", "autosomal", "recessive", "neurodegenerative", "disorder", "characterized", "by", "juvenile", "-", "onset", "diabetes", "mellitus", "and", "progressive", "optic", "atrophy", "." ]
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NCBI-955
[ "mtDNA", "deletions", "have", "been", "described", ",", "and", "a", "gene", "(", "WFS1", ")", "recently", "has", "been", "identified", ",", "on", "chromosome", "4p16", ",", "encoding", "a", "predicted", "890", "amino", "acid", "transmembrane", "protein", "." ]
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NCBI-956
[ "Direct", "DNA", "sequencing", "was", "done", "to", "screen", "the", "entire", "coding", "region", "of", "the", "WFS1", "gene", "in", "30", "patients", "from", "19", "British", "kindreds", "with", "Wolfram", "syndrome", "." ]
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NCBI-957
[ "DNA", "was", "also", "screened", "for", "structural", "rearrangements", "(", "deletions", "and", "duplications", ")", "and", "point", "mutations", "in", "mtDNA", "." ]
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NCBI-958
[ "No", "pathogenic", "mtDNA", "mutations", "were", "found", "in", "our", "cohort", "." ]
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NCBI-959
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NCBI-96
[ "We", "identified", "24", "mutations", "in", "the", "WFS1", "gene", "8", "nonsense", "mutations", ",", "8", "missense", "mutations", ",", "3", "in", "-", "frame", "deletions", ",", "1", "in", "-", "frame", "insertion", ",", "and", "4", "frameshift", "mutations", "." ]
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NCBI-960
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NCBI-961
[ "The", "majority", "of", "patients", "were", "compound", "heterozygotes", "for", "two", "mutations", ",", "and", "there", "was", "no", "common", "founder", "mutation", "." ]
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NCBI-962
[ "The", "data", "were", "also", "analyzed", "for", "genotype", "-", "phenotype", "relationships", "." ]
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NCBI-963
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NCBI-964
[ "There", "were", "no", "obvious", "mutation", "hot", "spots", "or", "clusters", "." ]
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NCBI-965
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NCBI-966
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NCBI-967
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NCBI-968
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NCBI-969
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NCBI-97
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NCBI-970
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NCBI-971
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NCBI-972
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NCBI-973
[ "05", "compared", "to", "controls", "." ]
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NCBI-974
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NCBI-975
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NCBI-976
[ "None", "had", "chronic", "or", "prolonged", "manifestations", "of", "FMF", ",", "for", "example", ",", "amyloidosis", ",", "chronic", "arthritis", ",", "or", "protracted", "myalgia", ",", "P", "<", "0", "." ]
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NCBI-977
[ "001", "." ]
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NCBI-978
[ "The", "response", "to", "treatment", "was", "good", "despite", "using", "low", "colchicine", "dose", ",", "P", "<", "0", "." ]
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NCBI-979
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NCBI-98
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NCBI-980
[ "The", "overall", "severity", "score", "indicated", "a", "mild", "disease", ",", "P", "<", "0", "." ]
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NCBI-981
[ "001", "." ]
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NCBI-982
[ "Mutational", "analysis", "revealed", "absence", "of", "M694V", "homozygosity", ",", "P", "<", "0", "." ]
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NCBI-983
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NCBI-984
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NCBI-985
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NCBI-986
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NCBI-987
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NCBI-988
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NCBI-989
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NCBI-99
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NCBI-990
[ "All", "14", "mutations", "were", "identified", ",", "as", "well", "as", "an", "additional", "five", "that", "had", "previously", "escaped", "detection", "." ]
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NCBI-991
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NCBI-992
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NCBI-993
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NCBI-994
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NCBI-995
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NCBI-996
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NCBI-997
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NCBI-998
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NCBI-999