source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3601 | condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, thermal-conductivity, phonons
How does this phonon picture explain the fact that when we heat a bad conductor the heat propagates gradually from the hotter to the cooler end? If they are delocalized collective excitations, shouldn't they heat up all parts of the substance at the ... | [
"often metallic",
"types of rubber",
"types of branches",
"electrodes"
] | A | when a cooler object touches a warmer object , thermal conduction occurs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3602 | classical-mechanics, explosions
Title: What's driving the bucket up? Just saw this cool video from Plymouth University, which I actually found through Matthen's blog.
They fill a plastic bottle with liquid nitrogen, screw the cap on, drop it in a bucket full of warm water, cover it with ping pong balls, and when the h... | [
"Nintendo",
"Miracle Bubble",
"Bicycle",
"Sidewalk chalk"
] | B | a bubble contains gas |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3603 | building 's air ) cost of electricity and natural gas and electricity = 1- ( 2! Expressed in terms of the heat ( i.e equate to lower operating costs flow direction and where cop of refrigerator. Less than these theoretical maximums of performance of refrigeration systems and heat working. Legal statement that explains ... | [
"use it to bathe in",
"eat it to die quickly",
"freeze it to make ice cubes",
"ignite it to warm their body"
] | D | natural gas is a source of heat by burning |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3604 | refraction
Title: Why is refraction so uniform? Why is refraction so uniform? At the end of the day, all that is happening is a photon of light is hitting atoms of a material, say, glass slab and getting absorbed and re-emitted. How is it that the photon, which is "absorbed and re-emitted" emitted in such a precise of... | [
"sleeping",
"smelting",
"absorbtion",
"cooking"
] | C | refraction is when light bends |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3605 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"Lure the hunter into a trap and eat it first",
"Close its eyes and hope for the best",
"Altering its hues to look like the leaves",
"Flee at breakneck speeds"
] | C | hawks eat lizards |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3606 | astronomy, atmospheric-science, spectroscopy, solar-system
Title: How is the atmospheric composition of objects in the Solar System measured? How is the atmospheric composition of astronomical objects, for example Triton, a moon of Neptune, determined? They check for absorption lines when conditions are appropriate. H... | [
"inside",
"below",
"outside",
"over"
] | C | the moon is the celestial object that is closest to the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3607 | human-biology, cancer, medicine
Title: Why are only few cigarette smokers prone to cancer? It's tacit that only a few populace of smokers get cancer. What spares the others from it or what specifically cause cancer in those populace? See this Washington Post Article Cigarette smokers are most certainly prone to cancer... | [
"feet",
"breathing organ",
"stomach",
"skin"
] | B | smoking causes direct damage to the lungs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3608 | zoology, sensation
Title: Can animals that rely heavily on sonar sense colour? Apparently there're species around as rely heavily on sonar to sense the world around them.
E.g. Bat, Dolphin, Whale ...
The humans, and other terrestrial beings in a lighted world are capable of distinguishing colour in varying degrees of... | [
"a hand and an arm",
"eyes and reflected sunlight",
"dogs and scared cats",
"a nose and eyebrows"
] | B | if an object reflects light toward the eye then that object can be seen |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3609 | geology, models, magnetosphere, rock-magnetism
Title: Can living where magnets are abundant provide a mini-magnetoshere? Are there a mini-magnetosphere within the magnetosphere similar to mini-magnetosphere found on the Moon? Is there a map of these areas that would resemble the white swirls in the picture below?
The... | [
"hibernation",
"migration",
"metamorphosis",
"spawning"
] | B | Earth 's magnetic patterns are used for finding locations by animals that migrate |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3610 | solubility, solvents
Title: Are there smart materials that dissolve in cold water faster? I know things dissolve quicker in hotter solvents but I was wondering if there existed an exception to the rule. If not water, then what about other solvents and/or non-solid solutes? Just one example is Poloxamer 407 which forms... | [
"lemons",
"ice",
"nuts",
"rocks"
] | B | as temperature increases , the ability of that liquid to dissolve solids will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3611 | ### Show Tags
08 Feb 2012, 09:00
# of selections of books with no condition = 8C4 = 70
# of selections of books with no paperback book = 6C4 = 15
# of selections of books with at least one paperback book = 70 -15 = 55
Manager
Status: Sky is the limit
Affiliations: CIPS
Joined: 01 Apr 2012
Posts: 68
Location: United Ar... | [
"it had spontaneous combustion",
"the book was made of plastic",
"it underwent a tearing process",
"the book committed suicide"
] | C | tearing means changing a whole into pieces |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3612 | zoology, digestive-system, pets
Title: Is it safe to feed an adult fire salamander with slime maggots? As a reminder, maggots feed of a flesh, while fire salamander consumes his prey alive, without killing it.
Can it happen that the maggot will start eating the salamander from the inside? Although I am afraid I don't ... | [
"mice",
"Venus flytraps",
"fleas",
"bats"
] | C | a salamander eats insects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3613 | ## 1 Answer
Both sides are positive, so you can take their reciprocals (of course the 'less than' flips to 'greater than'): $$\left|\frac 1{2+a}\right| < 1 \iff \frac 1{\left|\frac 1{2+a}\right|} = \frac {|2+a|}{|1|}= |2+a| > 1$$ That is equivalent to an alternative: $$(2+a) < -1 \lor (2+a) > 1$$ which resolves to: $$... | [
"the cup will remain stationary",
"the one on the right will have it",
"the cup will change color",
"the one on the left will take it"
] | A | if two equal forces in opposite directions act on an object then that object will stay in the same place |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3614 | solubility, food-chemistry
Title: How can I avoid crystallisation of sugars in vinegar at low temperatures? I produce high density balsamic vinegar, when it's winter and the temperatures are very low, high density products tends to crystallize. think this is a problem of over saturation of the glucose. The main sugars... | [
"disappear",
"explode",
"start to fly",
"become hard"
] | A | An example of a chemical change is acid breaking down substances |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3615 | particle-physics
Title: Explanation for self-rupture glass is needed I witnessed a phenomenon that I couldn't conclude its cause. Please bear with me for the length of the recall, for I merely want to include any details that might help us to investigate. I had a cooking glass lid sat on a wooden shelf that is away ... | [
"experienced only good things",
"was always perfectly safe",
"fell in harms way",
"died in a natural way"
] | C | explosions can cause harm to an organism |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3616 | everyday-life
Due to friction effects though, option c is still best. Pedaling hard will quickly deplete energy reserves while pedaling at a slow but steady rate will allow you to cycle for much longer. From a physics point of view, we cannot help you spend less energy, it will inevitable take about the same amount of... | [
"music",
"inflation",
"environment harm",
"economic stability"
] | C | riding a bike does not cause pollution |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3617 | soil
An analogous hypothesis proposed by RUSSEL3 for increases in the number of bacteria after partial sterilization by heat, frost, or other means is that by such partial sterilization the protozoa are killed, thus permitting the unhindered development of bacteria which under normal conditions is held in check by pro... | [
"fly",
"balance upright",
"cry",
"sing"
] | B | a stem is a source of support for a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3618 | human-anatomy
Taken from here such people would be able to dislocate then get their hands in front and relocate.
The body can be trained to be quite flexible through training like gymnastics etc...
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
If a thing will take dirt and dead pieces of matter ... | [
"humans",
"whales",
"nightcrawlers",
"babies"
] | C | decomposer is a kind of role in an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3619 | Case 1: (3,1,1) First choose which of the 3 pockets will get three marbles. There are 3C1 =3 ways to do this. Then, choose the number of ways we can place 3 marbles into that box from 5 marbles. There are 5C3 = 10 ways to do this. Next we must place a marble in the next to the last box. There are 2C1 = 2 ways to do thi... | [
"classifying",
"weighing",
"clarifying",
"justifying"
] | A | classifying is when one sorts something by type |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3620 | = ",Count[Drop[branches,gen],_Real,\[Infinity]]/4" "" ""Length = ",SetAccuracy[Count[Drop[branches,gen],_Real,\[Infinity]]/4*(Norm[{{pt1[[1]],0.5},{0,0}}]^gen),3]}],18],Gray],{2.3,-1.8}]},{Inset[Style[Text@TraditionalForm@Style[Row[{"Polynomial Trees by Bernat Espigulé"}],18],Gray, Opacity[0.4]],{2.3,-2}]}},P... | [
"space",
"deserts",
"oceans",
"timberland"
] | D | cutting down trees in a forest causes the number of trees to decrease in that forest |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3621 | evolution, zoology, adaptation
One answer that came to mind is domestic animals - the horse and dog in prehistory, the cat in ancient Egypt, etc. That seems too obvious on one hand, and on the other hand may not really be an answer, as there seems to be no indication that pre-domestic animals were endangered by humans... | [
"the residential things",
"sneakers",
"rocks",
"clouds"
] | A | humans changing animal habitats usually causes harm to those animals |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3622 | genetics, gene-expression, human-genetics, mitochondria, gene
Title: Father with mutated mtDNA- why isn't his offspring at risk? Mothers transmit their mitochondria (and therefore mtDNA) to their offspring and fathers don't. Lets assume that father had a mutation of the gene that encodes mtDNA, would then be his offsp... | [
"pets",
"homes",
"younglings",
"food"
] | C | DNA is a vehicle for passing inherited characteristics from parent to offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3623 | electrochemistry, home-experiment, crystal-structure
Title: Copper (II) Acetate from 5% vinegar + salt, electrochemically I'm trying to create Copper (II) Acetate crystals, but in these times of Coronavirus it's difficult to come by hydrogen peroxide. I could be patient, but I'm not, so I'm trying to make it electroch... | [
"be a good chemical copy",
"have new chemical properties",
"be safe to drink",
"attract groups of deer"
] | B | if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3624 | optics, everyday-life, reflection
Title: What are natural retro-reflectors? Recently I was on an airplane on a sunny day. The sun was shining on the other side of the plane and noticed a bright patch on the ground following beside us. Eventually I noticed a dark centre to this bright patch, the plane's shadow, which ... | [
"pulley",
"magic",
"guy climbing up",
"bird"
] | A | a pulley is used to lift a flag on a flagpole |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3625 | human-genetics
Title: In our 23 chromosome pairs, do the 2 members of the pair have distinct or virtually identical sequences? I understand that we have 46 DNA molecules in the nucleus of our cells, arranged in 23 pairs: 22 autosomal and 1 sex chromosome pairs.
I have read in different sources that the pairs contain n... | [
"they might have different houses",
"they might have different hair types",
"they might have different clothes",
"they might have different diets"
] | D | a living thing requires nutrients to grow |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3626 | agriculture
The primary cereals for making bread are wheat and rye, while barley and oats may be mixed in. Historically significant portions of the rural population of Europe were sustained by cereal-based food in the form of gruel and porridge rather than by bread, especially prior to the introduction of the potato. ... | [
"less variety in the fruit section",
"lower demand for foods",
"greater variety of foods in remote areas",
"consolidation of grocery stores"
] | C | as ability to transport food increases around the world , the available types of food in distant locations will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3627 | special-relativity, waves, mass
But of course, if you produce some loud sounds, they will carry lots of energy in the air and the mass of the air will inevitably increase by $m=E/c^2$ which is, well, not too high because $c^2$ is a large number.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
Whic... | [
"Someone making their hand vibrate really quickly",
"Someone holding a violin",
"An owl soaring overhead",
"Someone dragging a bow on a string"
] | D | vibrating matter can produce sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3628 | electric-circuits, potential, electrical-resistance, conductors
These analogies are not exact and are only intended to give you a better feel as to what is happening.
Hope this helps.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
An example of a circuit would be | [
"rock climbing",
"running",
"dimming a bulb",
"swimming"
] | C | a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy when it is turned on |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3629 | ds.algorithms, cg.comp-geom
WLOG in the East-bound pass, I'll process column by column but will
only look at obstacle vertices on or to the left of the column.
I maintain an array $A$ of obstacle vertices of size $N$. Suppose now I
am processing column $c$ ($x = x_c$). The $k$th element in $A$ stores the obstacle ve... | [
"God",
"emotions",
"cacti",
"cancers"
] | C | sand dunes are made of sand |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3630 | climate-change, sea-level
Here you can clearly see how, with some ups and downs, the rate of sea level rise have been increasing over the last few centuries. And notably the current rate, about 20 years after the end of this plot is already out of the scale, and around 3.2 mm/year as pointed also by other answers.
I w... | [
"beachfront property shrinking",
"increased seagull populations",
"Prone to snowstorms",
"Food shortage"
] | A | erosion causes a river to become deeper and wider |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3631 | Hey, thanks for your help guys. For a minute there, I thought that this theoretical person could not safely expect to live to be 82 years old.
9. Jun 16, 2012
### SW VandeCarr
In fact, on a purely probabilistic basis, for any finite time no matter how large, there is a non zero probability that a person would surviv... | [
"They cut their hair",
"They stick their head in a trash can",
"They are without air",
"They eat disgusting food"
] | C | if a living thing dies then that living thing is dead |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3632 | planet, 9th-planet, kuiper-belt
Title: What type of planetary-mass object would Planet Nine be? Given that Planet Nine is hypothesized to be 10-20 times the mass of the Earth orbiting the sun some 200-2500 AU out, what kind of planetary-mass object would it be?
Even given that it has apparently "influenced" several Tr... | [
"mercury",
"the ninth planet",
"the third planet",
"venus"
] | B | pluto has not cleared its orbit |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3633 | electromagnetism, electricity, insulators
Title: How can a glass rod become charged if it is an insulator? I was reading some of the other questions, and I found this one about a glass rod and how it gains a net charge when rubbed with a silk scarf. I learned from working in a shop one summer that most solids are insu... | [
"A metal ring",
"A battery",
"A door hinge",
"Beeswax"
] | D | wax is an electrical energy insulator |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3634 | You are in the case $P=true$ and $Q=true$, so $(not(P) \Rightarrow not(Q))=true$.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
If acorns are moved around a neighborhood, then the most reasonable culprit is | [
"snakes",
"ferrets",
"sharks",
"bees"
] | B | An example of seed dispersal is is an animal gathering seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3635 | species-identification, botany, ecology
Title: Algae or Lichen identification. Coastal BC, Canada I have tried all books and internet resources I know of, but I still have no idea what this might be — a lichen or something else.
At first glimpse, I thought it was something man-made and unnatural, but then I looked clo... | [
"a lake",
"a delta",
"the ocean",
"the desert"
] | D | algae is found in bodies of water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3636 | orbit, earth, climate
Title: Why don't we have 2 Summers and 2 Winters? Due to Earth's elliptical orbit, its distance from Sun varies by almost 5 million Kilometers (147 million Kilometers at closest point & 152 million Kilometers at farthest point, i.e. almost 3% of the average distance).
As evident from the fact tha... | [
"new york",
"saturn",
"mars",
"astral gas ball"
] | D | summer is when a hemisphere is tilted towards the sun |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3637 | photosynthesis, chloroplasts
Title: Chloroplasts in an animal cell What would happen if we inject a chloroplast organelle into an animal cell?
Will the animal cell destroy it? Or is it possible that the chloroplast will somehow survive, and even replicate? Could there be photosynthesis in such a cell, or will some of ... | [
"animals",
"inorganic minerals",
"flora",
"critters"
] | C | plant cells can perform photosynthesis |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3638 | electrical-engineering, refrigeration
Title: Relative inefficiency of doorless fridges at supermarkets It appears to be a waste of electricity to keep a bank of refrigerators wide open with no doors or covers whatsoever on them.
They seem to be just blowing cold air out into the supermarket.
They are not turned off a... | [
"it's a very windy day",
"someone put a heat lamp in the fridge",
"it's a windless day",
"it's a warm day"
] | C | a windmill converts wind energy into electricity |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3639 | fluid-dynamics, states-of-matter
Title: Why does sweetness of coke change after freezing completely I freeze my coke in a freezer completely to solid and then keep it out to melt and as it melts portion by portion I starts to drink, initially It will be very sweet and later it wont be sweet at all. why does this happe... | [
"hot",
"dry",
"sweet",
"cold"
] | C | dissolving a substance in water causes the water to taste like that substance |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3640 | orbit, earth, satellite, orbital-mechanics, artificial-satellite
There are a few details that may affect the answer: you should consider if the motion of the person will affect the answer to part (b) (and if not, why not). You should know that the Earth is not spherical. You should consider whether the optical refract... | [
"half your existence",
"1,440 minutes",
"your family's week",
"2 days"
] | B | a Rotation of the Earth on itself takes one day |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3641 | zoology, species-identification, ornithology, behaviour
Title: What is this crow eating, and is it a common part of the corvid diet? Here's a picture (by Rob Curtis) of a crow carrying and eating the corpse of what looks a bit like a small hawk or falcon:
Other pictures clearly show the crow is eating the dead bird. ... | [
"fauna",
"stars",
"meteors",
"dreams"
] | A | scavengers eat dead organisms |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3642 | thermodynamics, geophysics
Second, any closed system evolves toward thermal equillibrium. In simple terms, if you leave a hot coffee on your table, it will eventually cool down to room temperature. Even though compression increases temperature, this doesn't mean that constant pressure keeps producing more and more hea... | [
"hot water",
"an ice pack",
"Fire",
"the sun"
] | B | if a hot substance is touches a cold object then that substance will likely cool |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3643 | fluid-dynamics
The folks at Cornell have some nice animations and pictures of vehicle wakes.
As fall approaches, try putting some dead leaves (small pieces if possible) out onto the road. They should get caught up in the wake and give you a chance to see this in action.
Your first theory is on the right track. There w... | [
"a slight breeze",
"foggy conditions",
"some small clouds",
"diffused sunlight"
] | B | bad weather decreases visibility while driving |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3644 | bond
Now, each Hydrogen atom has two electrons to enjoy, and their shells are (sort of) filled.
Similarly, H2O isn't made by Oxygen capturing Hydrogen's electrons. The H--O bond is a covalent bond as well (hope you can see the electron pairs ¨).
Before bonding After bonding
¨ ... | [
"green",
"renewable",
"alive",
"radioactive"
] | B | water is a renewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3645 | electricity, electric-circuits, electric-current
I was wearing flip flops from the time I stripped off my neoprene wet suit at the car until the time I started getting shocked (my wife was wearing Birkenstocks).
I had been snorkeling for about an hour in the Pacific Ocean wearing a full body wet-suit, booties, and gl... | [
"sunshine",
"showers",
"covered awnings",
"the car"
] | B | precipitation is when water falls from the sky |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3646 | everyday-life
Title: Strange pattern on car windows
A couple of days ago I was in a friend's car, and I noticed this pattern on the windows; I took a picture of the sun through the window to make it clearly visible.
The night before had been quite cold, but I don't think that the temperature went below $0$ °C, even ... | [
"rain",
"condensed water",
"snow",
"ice cream"
] | B | beads of water are formed by water vapor condensing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3647 | forces, torque, buoyancy
(The translation is from me and it's old French that I sometimes struggle to get in shape!)
Third section, Chapter I: From the point around which the vessel oscillates, which is called roll, and the part that gravity has in these oscillations. (p 369 ....)
"The problem is solved, it is no long... | [
"A radar system",
"An old soothsayer",
"An experienced navigator",
"A crow's nest"
] | C | An example of navigation is directing a boat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3648 | biochemistry
Title: Bradford Reagent Disposal I am a graduate student volunteering in a professor's lab being tasked with finding out how to dispose of certain hazardous materials. I have encountered a problem with disposing of Bradford's Reagent. I have checked online, but am running into problems due to the methanol... | [
"it might attract some bats",
"it might attract raccoons",
"it might attract some eagles",
"it might attract people"
] | B | raccoons eat waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3649 | the-moon, the-sun, earth
That explains the circular movement of the stars, the Sun and the Moon.
This is true for all locations on the Earth, except for the equator:
Is the Earth spinning? That depends, you can always choose a frame of reference that suits you. However, only one of them are non-rotating, the Inertial... | [
"a day",
"a year",
"a week",
"a month"
] | B | one year is equal to 365 days |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3650 | organic-chemistry
Title: What are the minimal chemical requirements for a food which we all can eat? I've been puzzled by the following though experiment for the past few days:
I want to make my own food from scratch, but I do not know where to start from.
I want to be 100% sure that what I eat will never contains som... | [
"islands",
"winds",
"currents",
"fauna"
] | D | consumers eat other organisms |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3651 | ocean, glaciology, ice, ecology, cryosphere
Title: Do icebergs have any impact on ecology? Are icebergs neutral actors in the environment, or do they have any impact on the local ecology. Do they have any environmental impacts that might influence any part of the biosphere? Yes, they have many impacts:
They provide ... | [
"smoke",
"litter",
"burn plastic",
"sow seeds"
] | D | planting trees has a positive impact on an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3652 | zoology, physiology, brain, ethology, behaviour
Robins, A., Lippolis, G., Bisazza, A., Vallortigara, G. & Rogers, L. J. (1998). Lateralized agonistic responses and hindlimb use in toads. Animal Behaviour, 56, 875–881.
Rogers, L. J. & Andrew, R. J. (Eds) (2002). Comparative Vertebrate Lateralization. Cambridge: Cambr... | [
"rocks",
"toys",
"caretakers",
"trees"
] | C | animals learn some behaviors from watching their parents |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3653 | thermodynamics, absorption
When you want to boil water efficiently, you do two things: cover the pot (limit loss due to evaporation) and put the heat inside if you can: for example the submerged heater element in electric kettles. Other forms of boilers also put the heat in the middle of the water (think water heaters... | [
"go rock climbing",
"have cold drinks",
"cleanse your hands",
"go running"
] | C | a shower is a source of hot water for washing |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3654 | ocean, ocean-currents, tides
Physical effects, then, are likely to include direct effects on current speed, sediment, and stratification.
The obvious possible biological effect is from collisions. This is not my field, but as I understand it no effect is likely on small fish populations from collisions, although indiv... | [
"putting plastics in special containers",
"burning old used tires",
"putting cigarettes out in ponds",
"using aerosol air fresheners"
] | A | recycling resources has a positive impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3655 | Suppose A and B are statements of interest. Suppose we want to say in a short sentence that “whenever A is true, B is true, and that when A is false, we do not claim anything about the truth of B”. We use the word “implies” and state for short that “A is true implies B is true”, and mean the truth relations in the trut... | [
"a soccer pitch slows the ball down via magic",
"a soccer pitch slows the ball down because it is wet",
"a soccer pitch slows the ball down because there is always wind",
"a soccer pitch slows the ball down via friction"
] | D | friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3656 | photons, vision
Title: Dark room lights When I lay down in my room at night it's pretty much completely dark but I observe this strange phenomenon going on.
When I lay down and look at my ceiling I can see my white fluorescent white bulbs and white fan blades but when it's dark I can't. But, as soon as I avert my eyes... | [
"a shiny diamond",
"a dark spider",
"a metal sphere",
"a glistening icicle"
] | B | if an object reflects more light then that object is more easily seen |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3657 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"snake",
"fish",
"slug",
"deer"
] | D | herbivores only eat plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3658 | reproduction, digestion, sexual-reproduction
Hazardous components of pollen:
Trace amounts of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids were found in pollen of Echium vulgare, E. plantagineum, Senecio jacobaea, S. ovatus, and Eupatorium cannabinum (Boppre et al., 2008). In Middle and Northern Europe these pollens are not ... | [
"sweet things",
"songs",
"comedy",
"bees"
] | A | A bird is a pollinating animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3659 | general-biology, habitat
Title: How does life change when you dig deeper? I've just realized that I have no idea what life / biotopes / soil looks like when you dig deeper than a few meters.
I know that in the first meter of soil you can find all sorts of live animals (like moles and rabbits), insects (like ants, but ... | [
"near worms",
"killed by others",
"dirty",
"in dirt"
] | B | earthworms create tunnels in soil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3660 | species-identification
Title: What is this bird - sound attached - (Atlanta Georgia)? We live in Atlanta Georgia (northern suburb) & this bird starts singing in the middle of the night !!
And goes on for almost 2 hours without stopping.
Here is the link to it :
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3WzrpCj4uKeQ3l5MnJPY1... | [
"daylight is short",
"luminescence is long",
"winter is here",
"nights are freezing"
] | B | the amount of daylight is greatest in the summer |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3661 | evolution, botany, proteins
tl;dr: the egg contains more proteins than the seed because the chicken that made the egg ate a whole lot of seeds, and all the protein in those seeds ended up concentrated in that one egg.
EDIT: running into this much later I realized I missed a pretty vital half of the question, because t... | [
"giraffes",
"cats",
"cattle",
"hydrangea"
] | D | a seed is used for storing food for a new plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3662 | newtonian-mechanics, newtonian-gravity, orbital-motion, planets
The Roche Limit can be viewed as an Earth shaped imaginary "border", on average 9,492 km from the centre of Earth, 1.49 times Earth's radius, for rigid bodies. So around the equator it "moves" outwards a little. It follows the oblate spheroid shape of Ea... | [
"rocket fuel",
"Sega",
"a central star",
"Saturnalia"
] | C | gravity causes orbits |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3663 | visible-light, speed-of-light
Title: How can travelling at light speed affect light itself? ~Hypothetical Scenario:
Your driving in a car (with the headlights on high beam) and you gradually get faster until you reach the speed of light.
Raised Assumptions:
You can see in and out of the car whilst moving at the speed... | [
"food",
"chevy 2000s",
"career",
"wind"
] | B | a decrease in visibility while driving can cause people to crash their car |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3664 | The first trial that gives the most information is to do four vs. four (ABCD vs. EFGH). No matter what the result we have reduced the possible solutions from 24 to 8.
Possibilities Test Result Possibilities
A lighter
A heavier
B lighter
B heavier
C lighter
C heavier
D lighter
D heavier
E lighter
E heavier
F lighter
F ... | [
"a sedentary crowd-worker",
"a body builder",
"a couch potato",
"a fat woman"
] | B | exercise has a positive impact on a human 's health |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3665 | algorithm, go, concurrency, dining-philosophers
// reserve a slot in the channel for eating
// if channel buffer is full, this is blocked until channel space is released
pPhilo.host.requestChannel <- pPhilo
pPhilo.numEat++
fmt.Printf("starting to eat %d for %d time\n", pPhilo.idx, pPhi... | [
"shoes",
"fun",
"pants",
"sustenance"
] | D | lack of food causes starvation |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3666 | zoology, ichthyology, marine-biology
Switek goes on to to talk about exceptions in some marine mammals:
At this point some of you might raise the point that living pinnipeds like seals and sea lions move in a side-to-side motion underwater. That may be true on a superficial level, but pinnipeds primarily use their mo... | [
"a squid",
"a shark",
"a flounder",
"a lobster"
] | A | a squid produces thrust by pushing water out of its body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3667 | biochemistry, botany, plant-physiology, photosynthesis, agriculture
The above image is an example of a "potato battery" made without the potato. Identical setup and the energy obtained is identical given everything else the same.
Potato power- er, metal power?
This experiment is supposed to demonstrate the concept of ... | [
"sponge",
"rock",
"stapler",
"calculator"
] | D | a battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3668 | electromagnetism, nuclear-physics, fusion, ferromagnetism
Title: Nuclear fusion/fission vs. magnetic characteristics of Iron Is the fact that Iron is attracted to magnets in any way related to the fact that it is also the element occupying the singular periodic table position where the chains of nuclear fission and fu... | [
"The shiny reflective coating",
"They are very heavy. Their weight.",
"The iron contained inside of them",
"The copper in all of them"
] | C | ferrous metals contain iron |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3669 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
If you are interested in Greenhouse Gases (e.g. methane, carbon dioxide, CFCs, nitrous oxide), the EPA has a separate site for those emissions since they are not part of the same regulatory framework http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/ . Greenhouse gases typical... | [
"plants",
"trees",
"recycling",
"dumpyards"
] | D | landfills have a negative impact on the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3670 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"squacks",
"cries",
"swims",
"intakes air"
] | D | an animal requires oxygen for to breathe |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3671 | java, random
case 2:
return " with little to no vegitation, imports are what this town lives on.";
case 3:
return " and is full of fertile land, the farmers here are prosperous.";
case 4:
return " under the protection of large mountains and rought terrain; lining the horizon.";
case... | [
"Styrofoam containers",
"an organic banana",
"wax candles",
"storm clouds"
] | B | nature is the source of natural resources |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3672 | visible-light, everyday-life, diffraction, light-emitting-diodes
It's not that good visible, but the pixels are rectangular shaped (in vertical position). They are much smaller than the pixels on my big TV-screen, which I almost can see with the naked eye (once you know the shape after taking the close-up picture, whi... | [
"closing your eyes",
"moving closer",
"eating",
"dying"
] | B | as the size of an object appears larger , that object will be observed better |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3673 | electric-circuits, electrons, electric-current, charge, conventions
negative electrons in metallic conductors (metal wires, usual circuitry),
positive "holes" in semiconductors (PV solar panels, thermocouples, transistors),
positive and negative ions in a mix in conductive fluids or electrolytes (batteries, fuel cells... | [
"fire",
"zapping energy",
"wind",
"water"
] | B | when electricity flows to a light bulb , the light bulb will come on |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3674 | bacteriology, antibiotic-resistance, research-process
Title: How do scientists kill the bacteria they themselves made resistant? I was reading this article on researching bacteria resistance to silver by removing some of their genes.
Researchers then used "colony-scoring" software to measure the differences in growth... | [
"a rare trait among living things",
"something that rarely happens for most mammals",
"a commonality all life forms share",
"unnecessary for smaller organisms"
] | C | all living things eliminate waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3675 | the-sun
2460163.500000000, A.D. 2023-Aug-07 00:00:00.0000, 6.625425330791064E-02, 3.556004033547897E+05, 5.050458943166362E+00, 2.761268189373863E+01, 2.787078308606339E+02, 2.460158097611625E+06, 1.548623091365481E-04, 7.228451565776196E+01, 7.968276040122535E+01, 3.808321533078448E+05, 4.060639032608998E+... | [
"Square shaped",
"caused by wind",
"Cold",
"has nuclear mechanics"
] | D | a star is a source of light energy through nuclear reactions |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3676 | spectroscopy, crystal-structure, history-of-chemistry, carbon-allotropes
Title: Are there any early industrial age methods capable of determining diamond or graphite's crystalline structure? I'm writing a fictional story with early industrial age technology where a chemist discovers not only that diamond and graphite ... | [
"in a yoga class",
"in a philosophy class",
"in a physical education class",
"in a visual art class"
] | D | pencil lead contains mineral graphite |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3677 | newtonian-mechanics, energy-conservation, work, potential-energy, biology
Title: If I lift a body with a force greater than its weight, what will happen to the excess energy provided to the body I will give an example to explain my question.
Case 1:
An elevator lifts body a with force equal to its weight for a distan... | [
"pumping iron",
"overeating",
"flying",
"dying"
] | A | exercise has a positive impact on a body 's strength |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3678 | forces, water, surface-tension
Now, if we suddenly boost up this adhesion a billion times stronger (limit: imagination) from what is the real and cohesion stays same, then it's gonna suck. Literally. Everything the water or any liquid comes to contact with, it will immediately start to evenly spread out, clothing ever... | [
"too much rainfall",
"West Virginia",
"Jelly Beans",
"Tape"
] | A | storms cause bodies of water to increase amount of water they contain |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3679 | Best Japanese Brown Rice, Air Fryer Burgers And Fries, østfold University College Vacancies, Band T-shirts Walmart, How To Become An Anglican Priest, Too Much Fennel Taste, Porter Cable Circular Saw Cordless, Utmb My Chart, Iams Large Breed Dog Food Nutrition Facts,
The following is multiple choice question (with opti... | [
"plant reproduction vessels",
"unicorns",
"lava",
"clouds"
] | A | humans sometimes eat seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3680 | civil-engineering, building-design
Title: Is it OK for a 2 story house not have a column or pillar sorry for my english. I was looking to buy a house. I saw some in my hometown, which is very affordable.
but on a picture of the house they are selling I found on the net troubled me.
no pillar/column, just hollowblocks ... | [
"the leaves",
"the pine cones",
"the fruit",
"the roots"
] | D | a trunk is a source of support for a tree |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3681 | genetics, vision, sex-chromosome, color
Females have two X-chromosomes, and can either be homozygous or heterozygous for the X-chromosome opsin allele. If homozygous, they are dichromatic; however, females who carry both an allele for an L opsin and one for an M opsin have the equivalent of normal human color vision, ... | [
"shoes",
"parent's DNA",
"doctor",
"corn"
] | B | eye color is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3682 | optics, visible-light, everyday-life, diffraction
Addendum 2: Before the comments below were cleaned out, there was some discussion there about the usefulness of this phenomenon as a quick self-diagnostic test for myopia (nearsightedness).
While I Am Not An Opthalmologist, it does appear that, if you experience this e... | [
"a magnifying glass",
"sungazing",
"binoculars",
"a telescope"
] | B | binoculars are used for observing distant objects |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3683 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
It made me wonder if we are simulating the sun in a dark room for growing the plants with the help of red, blue, and a little bit of far-red light, what will happen to the plants if we keep the ideal conditions for which the plants carry out photosynthesis whole day? Does it aff... | [
"if it drinks power drinks",
"if the trees cover it",
"if it gets more rain",
"if the leaves are bigger"
] | D | as the size of a leaf increases , the amount of sunlight absorbed by that leaf will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3684 | forces, water, surface-tension
Now, if we suddenly boost up this adhesion a billion times stronger (limit: imagination) from what is the real and cohesion stays same, then it's gonna suck. Literally. Everything the water or any liquid comes to contact with, it will immediately start to evenly spread out, clothing ever... | [
"the earth's core",
"moon",
"desert",
"ocean"
] | D | water flows down a slope |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3685 | sexual-reproduction
So when it's not maintained -- when there's no selection pressure on two populations -- inevitably there will be genetic drift that will randomly disrupt this fine-tuned system. If a population of, say, voles is isolated on an island, they will continue to have pressure to be able to interbreed wit... | [
"wind",
"thunder",
"rain",
"mall construction"
] | D | humans changing an environment sometimes causes that environment to be destroyed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3686 | biochemistry
Title: Bradford Reagent Disposal I am a graduate student volunteering in a professor's lab being tasked with finding out how to dispose of certain hazardous materials. I have encountered a problem with disposing of Bradford's Reagent. I have checked online, but am running into problems due to the methanol... | [
"duct tape",
"hair gel",
"Sprite container",
"cell phones"
] | C | recyclable means a material can be recycled |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3687 | solutions
(source: Hashimoto et al. in Molecules 2019, 24, 2296 (doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122296), section 3.2; open access publication.)
This pattern is seen for inorganic reagents like $\ce{HCl}$ dissolved in water, yet equally available in methanol, 1,4-dioxane, etc. (example); and organometallic reagents, e.g. b... | [
"dancing",
"napping",
"fluctuative attributes",
"invisibilty"
] | C | chemical reactions cause chemical change |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3688 | organic-chemistry
Title: What are the minimal chemical requirements for a food which we all can eat? I've been puzzled by the following though experiment for the past few days:
I want to make my own food from scratch, but I do not know where to start from.
I want to be 100% sure that what I eat will never contains som... | [
"a person eating three meals a week",
"a person eating three meals a month",
"a person eating one meal a day",
"a person consuming 3 meals daily"
] | D | an animal needs to eat food for nutrients |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3689 | inorganic-chemistry, home-experiment
Title: Make a silver zinc battery I have a shaver that runs off a rechargeable battery that is dying. Would it be feasible to make a silver zinc battery and use it to replace the existing battery? Cost is not an object, anything less than $2500 I would consider doable. I have a mac... | [
"money",
"illumination",
"beer",
"food"
] | B | a flashlight converts chemical energy into light energy |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3690 | everyday-life, water, physical-chemistry, surface-tension
I understand there are complaints about image quality. I cannot fix these as I do not have access to photography equipment to take higher quality images. (This photo was taken with a flagship 2023 smartphone).
The best text description that I can give is that t... | [
"pipes",
"rubber",
"irrigation",
"xylem"
] | D | xylem transports materials through the plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3691 | thermodynamics
Contrast that with 1g of water, which has a specific heat of 4.2 J/g$^\circ $C - after heating by 10 degrees, it stores an additional 42J of energy. More energy is added than by raising the same mass of iron by the same number of degrees. This is analogous to compressing a stiffer spring, or raising a h... | [
"eating ice",
"moving to Antartica",
"sitting in snow",
"a mini flashlight"
] | D | a hot substance is a source of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3692 | earthquakes, seismology, instrumentation, in-situ-measurements, diy
Title: Using accelerometer as a seismograph I'm using ADXL345 accelerometer with Raspberry Pi to build a seismograph. I've successfully hooked it up and can plot the accelerometer data in three axis. Is there any way to express these data in the form ... | [
"trees",
"terra plate displacements",
"planets",
"poems"
] | B | a seismograph is a kind of tool for measuring the size of an earthquake |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3693 | botany, plant-physiology, reproduction, plant-anatomy, life-history
In dimorphic cleistogamy CL and CH flower differ in the time or place
of production, with CL flowers produced in conditions (underground,
low light levels, early in the season) that are potentially
unfavorable for outcrossing.
In induced cleistogamy p... | [
"whales",
"bees",
"sunflowers",
"humans"
] | C | plant reproduction requires pollination |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3694 | javascript, jquery, css
<img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/u65Rp.png?s=48&g=1">
<p>Batnae municipium in Anthemusia conditum Macedonum manu priscorum ab Euphrate flumine brevi spatio disparatur.</p>
<button id="go">Go (simple)</button>
<button id="goz">Go (with z-index)</button>
The following is multiple choice quest... | [
"the gods",
"a volcanic crevasse",
"a tidal wave",
"a typhoon"
] | B | mountains are formed by volcanoes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3695 | forces, interactions
Title: Other than magnetism, can any of the four fundamental forces be *repulsive*? My son asks the above (if not in quite these words), and I am embarrassed to realize that I do not know. Can gravity, for example, or the strong or weak forces ever be repulsive? How/when? Famously, magnets have No... | [
"two mighty oak trees",
"two ice cream cones",
"two pieces of silverware",
"two bottles of water"
] | C | if two objects have the same charge then those two materials will repel each other |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3696 | geology
Title: Where do riverbed stones come from? Have they always been here since the river was formed? Are some newer than others? Riverbed 'stones' - I assume you mean things like pebbles, boulders, etc. are pieces of rock that have weathered out and been deposited in the river. Some come from rock that is very... | [
"chocolate",
"shoes",
"hard shiny alloy",
"rubber"
] | C | rocks often contain large amounts of metal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3697 | heat
Your thinking here:
Is it the one in the middle because it gets refrigerated by the other two?
is kind of interesting (but wrong). If the 2 outer bottles were not there, the middle bottle would cool much faster in fact. Use of words like "insulate", "refrigerate", and "cool" might get a little difficult in th... | [
"the milk is probably sour",
"it tastes bad that way",
"small organisms could make you sick",
"the cow could get angry"
] | C | pasteurization reduces the amount of bacteria in milk |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3698 | zoology, ethology, learning
Title: How do beavers learn how to build dams? I was wondering whether all beavers, from all around the world, know how to build dams and lodges? Do they need to learn it from their parents? If you release a group of beavers in the wild that haven't been in contact with their parents, would... | [
"antennas",
"teeth",
"gills",
"sense organs"
] | D | the nervous system sends observations in the form of electrical signals to the rest of the body |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3699 | food, human-physiology, senses
Title: Why don't chilli peppers taste as hot in space? The following commentator writes:
Chili peppers don’t taste as hot in space as they do on Earth. Nobody knows why.
We know that the 'hot' feeling of chilli peppers is caused by Capsaicin. We read:
Capsaicin inside the pepper activ... | [
"defecated into a bottle by a yeti",
"frozen in a commercial freezer",
"left it in the sun",
"eaten by a super model"
] | C | absorbing sunlight causes objects to heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-3700 | trees, forestry
Title: Why do some trees hold their leaves through fall and winter? Why do some species of oak (Quercus spp.) retain their leaves through fall and winter? I've found that these leaves are called marcescent leaves. There must be some benefit that the tree gains from this because it seems like it would ... | [
"Sodium Chloride",
"Gold",
"Keeping hyrdrogen dioxide",
"Barium"
] | C | waxy leaves are used for storing water by some plants |
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