source string | id string | question string | options list | answer string | reasoning string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-101 | human-physiology, digestion, stomach
The stomach accomplishes much of its function by mechanically breaking down the swallowed food particles and mixing them with acid and enzymes into a sort of slurry. To do this, there are three major layers of muscle surround the stomach - from the outside, the longitudinal layer, ... | [
"disease",
"fecal matter",
"fuel",
"fertilizer"
] | B | processes sometimes produce waste products |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-102 | paleontology, fossils, desert
Title: Why are many fossils found in deserts? Why are deserts famous for fossils? Is it a coincidence? Some examples:
Giant Catfish Fossil Found in Egyptian Desert
Chile's stunning fossil whale graveyard explained
Giant Dinosaur Fossil Found in Sahara Desert I would contend that the fact ... | [
"brimming to full with sand",
"filled with local wildlife",
"dirty and muddy inside",
"typically materialized with stone"
] | D | a canyon is made of rocks |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-103 | evaporation, humidity
Title: Confusion understanding relative humidity levels I have difficulty in understanding how can the relative humidity of a mixture of air and water can be 100%. I understand that places like where i live have high relative humidity, so the place is more humid (rain forest) than deserts, for ex... | [
"run a bath",
"use a dehumidifier",
"open a window",
"hope it rains"
] | A | humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-104 | photons, material-science, absorption, optical-materials, glass
There are further complications to all of this as well. Will the light undergo scattering processes that may allow the light to move through a material, while changing directions and potentially even turning back on itself without being absorbed? Once lig... | [
"color pallete",
"weights",
"height",
"smell"
] | A | as lightness in color of an object increases , the ability of that object to reflect light will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-105 | material-science
Title: Optimal material for a hammer head I was watching a TV show in which a gold hammer was mentioned. It was not serious but caused me to wonder whether gold would be a good material and, if not, what else might be. An attraction of gold is that it has a high density but that advantage is probabl... | [
"an iron nail",
"a metal nail",
"a steel nail",
"all of these"
] | D | iron nails are made of iron |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-106 | Wisconsin Wildflowers Yellow, Adaptability Culture In Organizations, Tree Of Savior Hunting Grounds 2020, 2 Timothy 2:16 Kjv, Aristolochia Florida Native, Best Grass For Goats In The Philippines, Seymour Duncan Sh2 Bridge,
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
local plant varieties are th... | [
"social status",
"environs",
"satellite reception",
"future"
] | B | planting native plants has a positive impact on an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-107 | # Ampere's Law and conductor
1. Sep 10, 2014
### Tanya Sharma
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
A conductor carrying current ‘I’ is in the form of a semicircle AB of radius ‘R’ and lying in the x-y plane with its centre at origin as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude of ∫B.dl for the... | [
"halts the functioning of the conductor",
"moves like traffic through a green light",
"causes fire to flow through the conductor",
"flows heat back to the conductor"
] | B | sending electricity through a conductor causes electricity to flow through that conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-108 | nuclear-physics, astrophysics, sun, fusion, stellar-physics
Basically, the Sun is a ball of hydrogen and helium, but this is not all there is. Being a Population I star, the Sun contains heavier elements (called metals in stellar astrophysics; anything lithium and heavier is considered metal in this sense). These elem... | [
"Light",
"Energy",
"Heat",
"Nutrients)"
] | A | the sun is a source of light called sunlight |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-109 | the-sun, light, distances
Title: At what distance wouldn't the Sun cast a visible shadow anymore? How far from the Sun would a (dwarf) planet have to be so that the Sun is dim enough that it doesn't cast a shadow when you're standing on the planet? What magnitude is the border in brightness beyond which a shadow isn't... | [
"the arctic circle",
"the south pole",
"the north pole",
"near the equator"
] | D | as a source of light moves directly overhead of an object , the size of the shadow of that object will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-110 | combustion, temperature, fuel
Of course a lot of other factors are involved but this crude picture gives at least some useful insight. This was discovered experimentally in the early days of engine design as the designers observed that different extracts from oil had different combustion properties in engines and refi... | [
"wood planks",
"cardboard",
"a large stone",
"wheels"
] | D | oil is a source of gasoline |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-111 | electromagnetism, magnetic-fields
Title: Why is a paramagnetic material attracted into a magnetic field? I want to start by saying I've seen this topic: Attraction and repulsion of Magnetic materials and its supposed duplicates and it hasn't helped me very much.
In the book Introduction to Electrodynamics by Griffith... | [
"Wooden hairbrush",
"Oranges",
"Glassware",
"Zippers"
] | D | a magnet attracts ferromagnetic metals through magnetism |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-112 | general-biology, habitat
Title: How does life change when you dig deeper? I've just realized that I have no idea what life / biotopes / soil looks like when you dig deeper than a few meters.
I know that in the first meter of soil you can find all sorts of live animals (like moles and rabbits), insects (like ants, but ... | [
"A habitat with plenty of water",
"A habitat with varying weather",
"A habitat that most animals choose",
"A habitat with many toys"
] | A | when a habitat can support living things , living things can live in that habitat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-113 | Please press Kudos if this helped
“Going in one more round when you don't think you can, that's what makes all the difference in your life.”
Re: Two bottles are partially filled with water. The larger bottle current &nbs [#permalink] 04 Sep 2018, 22:21
Display posts from previous: Sort by
The following is multiple c... | [
"have it reprocessed",
"burn the bottle",
"reuse the bottle",
"remake the bottle"
] | A | recyclable means a material can be recycled |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-114 | time-dilation
Asking about the spatial distance along the straight line is possible but requires you to chose a frame of reference in which to ask it as there is no unique answer.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
In order to better understand the world around us, specialists | [
"watch several educational programs",
"discuss topics with laymen",
"inspect, note, and consider",
"make notes in books"
] | C | scientists make observations |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-115 | hygiene, food-chemistry
Dishes and utensils are only susceptible to bacterial growth if there's traces of food on them. Washing is meant to remove traces of food and oil so bacteria can't multiple on them. The conditions must be right for bacteria to multiple. If traces of food were to be completely dry and hardened o... | [
"turned food",
"growing beans",
"sticky toffee",
"pocked oranges"
] | A | microorganisms cause food to spoil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-116 | solar-system, coordinate, stellar-astrophysics
Can you see either in the sky now. Do they look the same? If yes you are in the same hemisphere you normally live in. If they look strange - upside down. You are in the hemisphere opposite to where you normally live.
You've just spent the rest of the night looking at the ... | [
"Earths Rotation",
"Changing Weather",
"Suns Rotation",
"Time Change"
] | A | the Earth revolving around the sun causes stars to appear in different areas in the sky at different times of year |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-117 | To seven decimal places, this is $r = 0.96824583$, even though the relationship is quadratic rather than linear. Now you have taken a discrete uniform distribution on $1, 2, \dots, n$ rather than a continuous one, but for the reasons explained above, increasing $n$ will produce a correlation closer to the continuous ca... | [
"be grown in arctic environments",
"be used as kindling",
"fuel a steam locomotive",
"fuel an economy car"
] | D | ethanol sometimes is made of corn |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-118 | resonance, vibrations, coupled-oscillators
Title: String Vibrations Interesting thing I noticed just now playing my ukulele.
For those who don't know how a ukulele works, it has four strings: a high G followed by a lower C, E, and A. Holding down frets causes the strings to play progressively higher-pitched notes. No... | [
"Tidal",
"Pressure",
"Light",
"Dark"
] | B | strumming a string can cause that string to vibrate |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-119 | species-identification, microbiology, microscopy
Title: Identification of protozoa under microscope I observed maybe Protozoa from standing FRESH water and from slowly flowing FRESH water. I am complete dilettante. Can you tell what these creatures are?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D5ck3zNJzA&t=474s
Thank you.
Add... | [
"only in the pacific ocean",
"saltwater locations that are open",
"any where with liquid",
"water sources in america"
] | B | coral lives in the ocean |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-120 | species-identification, botany, ecology, trees
Title: Identifying a shrub with unusual "many shoots" growth behavior While recently hiking in the southern mountains of New Hampshire, we came across a plant, and some of them were exhibiting what we interpreted to be a disease, or least unusual growth. On some of the no... | [
"having larger litters",
"finding a mate",
"eating more food",
"finding new food"
] | A | as the number of sources of food increase in an environment , the population of the organisms will increase in that environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-121 | materials
The image is a modified version of an image found at www.geology.um.maine.edu. Original credit: Passchier and Trouw, pg 33 (2005).
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
The layer of material on the bottom of the Snake River was put there by what? | [
"fish swimming",
"weather related degradation",
"global warming",
"animal movement"
] | B | sediment is formed by weathering |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-122 | water, safety, hydrogen, equipment, reaction-control
Title: Creating water from hydrogen and oxygen Assuming a scientist has two canisters: One with a liter of pure gas of hydrogen (single atoms gas), and one with half a liter of pure gas of oxygen (single atoms gas).
The scientist desires to conjunct the two single a... | [
"chrysanthemum",
"mistletoe",
"mushroom",
"mole"
] | A | photosynthesis means green plants convert from carbon dioxide, water, and solar energy into oxygen for themselves |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-123 | terminology, meteorology
I've tried to illustrate the relationships with insolation and temperature here:
There are some other ways too:
Ecological. Scientists who study the behaviour of organisms (hibernation, blooming, etc.) adapt to the local climate, sometimes using 6 seasons in temperature zones, or only 2 in p... | [
"the southern part of cities",
"the northern part of Earth",
"the southern part of the third rock",
"the southern part of every rock"
] | C | December is during the summer in the southern hemisphere |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-124 | zoology, behaviour, mammals, rodents
Title: Why do Guinea Pigs chirp / sing? Ok, so this appears to be quite a mystery. Me and my girlfriend have 2 Guinea Pigs, 1 male and 1 female.
My girlfriend once picked up the female one and took her outside into our garden. The Guinea got scared for some unknown reason and jump... | [
"temperature in single digits",
"temperatures in triple digits",
"finding the right temperatures",
"being unaware of the temperature"
] | A | cool temperatures cause animals to shiver |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-125 | algorithms, algorithm-analysis, data-structures, trees, binary-trees
The expected number of queries used by this algorithm is $\mathcal{O}(n)$.
Routine 3 Now let's make the next observation. There are $2^{k-1}$ nodes in the last level of this complete binary tree. Colour these leaf nodes with two colours, red and blue... | [
"variety",
"sturdiness",
"the age",
"the height"
] | C | the number of rings in a tree trunk can be used to estimate the age of the tree |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-126 | species-identification, entomology
Title: Big Bug from Peru I'd like to have a name for this guy. There were 5 or 6 of them zipping around the flower bed on the coast of Peru about 120 kms south of Lima. That is a hawkmoth, probably Hyles annei (Guerin-Meneville, 1839). It is one of a number of moth species commonly ... | [
"Bees",
"energy",
"Pollen",
"Honey"
] | C | when pollen sticks to a hummingbird , that pollen will move to where the hummingbird moves |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-127 | soil-science
Title: How does humanure make soil "fluffier"? This BBC article says biosolids make soil "fluffier", among other benefits. How?
Adding humanure also changes soil structure, making it more resilient, preventing erosion and balancing out moisture, says Moss. It makes dirt fluffier, so water passes through ... | [
"fungi",
"sunflowers",
"trees",
"voles"
] | A | decomposition increases amount of organic matter in soil |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-128 | organic-chemistry, acid-base
Title: What are the predominant acids in sphagnum peat moss? I'm trying to figure out what the predominant acidic substances in peat moss are. Peat moss is said to have a pH of approximately 4.0. So, I'm curious what is making it acidic.
I know not all acids bind to various elements in the... | [
"Driving a new car",
"Putting a fresh raspberry seed in soil",
"Taking the temperature for the day",
"Having a large breakfast"
] | B | being burried under soil and mud changes peat into coal through extreme heat and pressure in a swamp over a long period of time |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-129 | evolution, species, molecular-evolution, species-distribution, macroevolution
Lalage leucopygialis, L. nigra, and L. sueurii: Species of triller birds that coexist on Sulawesi Island.
The existence of ring species like this can, as biologist Ernst Mayr puts it, illustrate "how new species can arise through 'circular ... | [
"animals reproduce",
"preyed upon",
"adapted to it",
"predators get it"
] | C | living in an environment causes an organism to adapt to that environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-130 | zoology, ethology
Title: Is there a term for tool use in animals? Is there a technical/scientific term that scientists use to refer to tool making abilities found in certain types of animals?
Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_cognition#Tool_and_weapon_use Having read this article on tool use in Chimpanzees... | [
"birds using twigs to build nests",
"otters using rocks to open clams",
"anteaters using their tongue to catch ants",
"koalas using their pouch to hold infants"
] | B | An example of using tools is a chimpanzee digging for insects with a stick |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-131 | geology, geophysics, climate-change, carbon-cycle
We can see here in white numbers the most significant pre-industrial sources and sinks (at ~1000 years time scales). We can see that humans produce 9 Gigatons of carbon per year (GtC/yr), due to that extra inflow, photosynthesis is taking 3 GtC/yr more than before, and... | [
"humans expel it",
"deer eat it",
"birds use it",
"trees absorb it"
] | A | carbon dioxide can be found in the air |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-132 | orbit, the-moon, apparent-motion
Title: What percentage of the celestial sphere can the Moon cover? I was solving a task that said (paraphrasing):
What percentage of the night sky can the Moon cover during the entire
year, when observed from all points on Earth (what percentage of the
night sky can be studied wit... | [
"a magnesium iron silicate mineral",
"chemical element with the symbol S",
"the element with the symbol Fe",
"that which contains 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen molecules"
] | D | the moon does not contain water |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-133 | evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds
What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on.
Following on from part one: If being eaten i... | [
"reproducing",
"food for animals",
"growth",
"food storage"
] | A | a berry contains seeds |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-134 | newtonian-mechanics, forces, newtonian-gravity, planets
Well, the second bullet point says that the mass plays a role. You are much less massive than the Moon. So that factor is not in your favour. But you are much closer. That factor is in your favour. Which factor counts most is found by calculating the actual force... | [
"space stations",
"alien life forms",
"craters",
"moon rocks"
] | C | the lunar surface contains many craters |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-135 | zoology
Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex ruminant digestive system. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft fecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. Consuming thes... | [
"dolphin and fish",
"hyena and bear",
"whale and cat",
"eagle and raven"
] | C | if two animals have the same food source then those two animals compete for food |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-136 | thermodynamics, buoyancy, freezing, oceanography
Title: How do you calculate the rate of ascent for frozen seawater in seawater? Assuming 1m3 sphere of seawater were flash frozen at a depth of 1km, how rapidly would it start ascending to the surface given the buoyancy? Assuming we could ignore bonds between the surfac... | [
"maybe it moves faster",
"this is likely to be false",
"all of these",
"odds are in its favor"
] | B | a glacier moves slowly |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-137 | geophysics, climate-change, climate-models
What changes with Earths precession is the position of the stars. The sky will shift depending on where Earth is in it's 22,000 year wobble. Similarly, the North star won't always be the North star. The night sky will look shifted by about 46 degrees in 11,000 years (some... | [
"a city where a tree was",
"a lake where a tree was",
"a tree where a bird was",
"a plant where a rock was"
] | B | An example of a change in the Earth is an ocean becoming a wooded area |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-138 | plate-tectonics, mountains, orogeny
Just doing some quick googling, it sounds like Arizona also has both volcanic feature and eroded remnants of volcanic features. These kinds of mountains/hills are formed via a different method again, and their heights are controlled by their own method of formation. Volcanoes can va... | [
"fall into the oceans",
"are water leaking volcanoes",
"erupt into the sea",
"are found and erupt beneath the water"
] | D | volcanoes are often found under oceans |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-139 | newtonian-mechanics, everyday-life, collision, spring
But if you pull the small block away from the large block slowly, then the large block will follow the small block, while the spring doesn't stretch terribly much. In this case, the low acceleration of the large mass takes place over a longer time, and so it can m... | [
"bad brakes",
"the engine size",
"the wind",
"the steering wheel"
] | C | a force acting on an object in the opposite direction that the object is moving can cause that object 's speed to decrease in a forward motion |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-140 | electric-circuits, electric-current, electrical-resistance, batteries, short-circuits
Title: The importance and the role of a switch in an electrical circuit There is this simple test:
Three identical bulbs are connected in the circuit illustrated in the figure. When switch $S$ is closed:
a] The brightness of $A$ and... | [
"Mice",
"Elephants",
"Raccoons",
"Hamsters"
] | C | raccoons eat waste |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-141 | If you pick two points on a line --- (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) --- you can calculate the slope by dividing y2 - y1 over x2 - x1. The word “slope” in math has roughly the same meaning in math as it has in everyday language: “…a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface.” I... | [
"penny",
"tower",
"pyramid",
"box"
] | C | slope is a measure of the difference in elevation between one part of the land and another part of the land |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-142 | dna, mammals, eggs
Title: In what circumstances does a mammalian egg copy its DNA? In the 2nd episode of the new Cosmos series, the host Neil deGrasse Tyson shows how the white-furred bear could have evolved (reasonable scientific speculation, of course).
If you haven't seen that episode, here's the link. Great show, ... | [
"salt",
"cacti",
"strong fans",
"sand"
] | C | a polar bear requires a cold environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-143 | physical-chemistry, thermodynamics, equilibrium, precipitation
Title: Why exactly does precipitation occur? In a solution, we have ions floating around but when we have a precipitate, they're arranged as they would be in a solid. This conversion should cause a decrement in the entropy of the system and cause the react... | [
"mountains",
"earthquakes",
"volcanoes",
"caves"
] | D | precipitation is when rain fall from clouds to the Earth |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-144 | experimental-chemistry
Pouring the copper sulfate solution into the beaker resulted in a vigorous reaction and quite a bit of heat. I stirred the reaction mixture and let it go to completion. The magnet still stuck strongly to the bottom of the beaker, indicating that there was still substantial powdered iron remainin... | [
"powers of observation",
"lucky stars",
"mother",
"grandmother"
] | A | scientists make observations |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-145 | kinect, turtlebot
Originally posted by dornhege with karma: 31395 on 2012-09-17
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 1
Original comments
Comment by Vegeta on 2012-09-17:
Thanks for your reply, in the detailed tutorial that you mentioned , they built a 12 V regulated power supply. I will use the t... | [
"the plug",
"the power cable",
"the wall",
"the game console"
] | D | sending electricity through a conductor causes electricity to flow through that conductor |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-146 | zoology, ornithology, ethology, behaviour
Title: Crow branch pecking behaviour I was walking through a small park when two crows started cawing at me, and followed me, flying from tree-to-tree as I walked. I speculate that this is a territorial or protective behaviour, but what I found different was the crows were vio... | [
"peregrine falcons",
"pelicans",
"toucans",
"snakes"
] | A | sharp beaks are a kind of adaptation for catching prey |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-147 | human-biology, brain, endocrinology, behaviour
Title: Is there a hormone combination that makes humans grumpy? Imagine a typical situation that is likely to give rise to a bad temper within an individual: a person is awoken very early in the morning by a sound of a lawn being mowed next door.
Unlike expected awakening... | [
"discount store",
"lawyer",
"catalog",
"pharmacy"
] | D | medicine can cause people to have bad reactions |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-148 | ocean, ocean-currents, tides
Physical effects, then, are likely to include direct effects on current speed, sediment, and stratification.
The obvious possible biological effect is from collisions. This is not my field, but as I understand it no effect is likely on small fish populations from collisions, although indiv... | [
"the water decreases",
"it stays same",
"the water increases",
"the water hardens"
] | A | as the activity of an animal increases , the amount of water in an animal 's body in that environment will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-149 | geology, geophysics, climate-change, carbon-cycle
We can see here in white numbers the most significant pre-industrial sources and sinks (at ~1000 years time scales). We can see that humans produce 9 Gigatons of carbon per year (GtC/yr), due to that extra inflow, photosynthesis is taking 3 GtC/yr more than before, and... | [
"more cattle produced",
"more plant life",
"human population increased",
"less water area"
] | C | carbon dioxide concentrations in the air have increased over the last decade dramatically |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-150 | thermodynamics
You can use Fourier analysis to solve this for any configuration and boundary conditions. Bottom line is that the heat that is leaving the hotter object will warm up the cooler object, and reduce the thermal gradient. This will slow down the heat flow.
If you are interested, there is quite an extensive... | [
"a wooden wall",
"the wind",
"the sun",
"light rays"
] | A | a thermal insulator slows the transfer of heat |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-151 | meteorology, snow, radar
Also note that winter precipitation adds an extra complication because the particles are lighter in weight and can thus be blown about more by vertical and horizontal winds. Raindrops (and hail) are quite likely to fall unless extreme updrafts exist because they are heavy. But drizzle, snow,... | [
"restoring old city streets",
"creating a protected space",
"building a large community",
"sheltering all the young"
] | B | shelter can protect humans from weather |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-152 | newtonian-mechanics, estimation
Would the rock have created a seismic event of its own (if so, how large)?
Would the rock have created a crater? The energy of the rock at the time of hitting the earth is mgh.
No rock we know of is going to be able to survive this collision with out breaking into pieces.
Non the less i... | [
"broken",
"smoothed",
"sharpened",
"stained"
] | B | wind and rain cause erosion |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-153 | electric-circuits, potential, electrical-resistance, conductors
These analogies are not exact and are only intended to give you a better feel as to what is happening.
Hope this helps.
The following is multiple choice question (with options) to answer.
The way that electrical conductors works in ways such as | [
"sticking a plug into an outlet to power a microwave",
"turning on a coffee pot in the morning",
"making sure that a hair dryer is unplugged after use",
"turning on lights in a room"
] | A | when an electrical conductor is plugged into an outlet , a circuit is completed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-154 | newtonian-mechanics, energy, friction, everyday-life
the main issue is friction and friction forces, which become torques
because of the structure of the devices considered;
talking of torque would necessarily require the description to
introduce size considerations (wheel and brakes radius), which
would complicate th... | [
"works against motion",
"stops motion",
"removes forward motion",
"makes things rough"
] | A | friction acts to counter the motion of two objects when their surfaces are touching |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-155 | particle-physics
Title: Explanation for self-rupture glass is needed I witnessed a phenomenon that I couldn't conclude its cause. Please bear with me for the length of the recall, for I merely want to include any details that might help us to investigate. I had a cooking glass lid sat on a wooden shelf that is away ... | [
"center of gravity",
"shape and mass",
"chemical composition",
"speed"
] | B | breaking down an object changes that object 's shape and mass |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-156 | java, reinventing-the-wheel, console, unix
With clothes the new are best, with friends the old are best.
He is truly wise who gains wisdom from another's mishap.
Beware of a dark-haired man with a loud tie.
Today is the last day of your life so far.
Flee at once, all is discovered.
Man who falls in vat of molten optic... | [
"colored pencils",
"snow cones",
"murky river fluid",
"fresh flounder"
] | C | a renewable resource can be renewed |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-157 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
Title: Regarding various types of atmospheric pollution Does all the car pollution (from about 150 million cars at least in the U.S. and a lot more in all of North America and the rest of the world) all the smoke-stack pollution of various factories and all the Airline pollu... | [
"fish become inedible",
"water tastes gross",
"papers report it",
"trash is overflowing"
] | A | polluting means something poisonous is added to an environment causing harm to the environment |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-158 | ecology
Title: Statement about Tropical Rainforests I made a statement about tropical rainforests, and I want to know if it's somewhat true or not:
The soil in tropical rainforests is not exceptionally fertile, because it contains few minerals. The reason that a tropical rainforest has a huge amount of vegetation is b... | [
"hike",
"wade",
"jog",
"skate"
] | A | the top layer of soil contains the most nutrients |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-159 | botany, plant-physiology, plant-anatomy
Title: Caudex vs Xylopodium difference I live in Brazil and many plants from the brazilian grasslands/prairies exhibit an structure called, by the brazilian literature, "xylopodium" (or "xilopódio" in portuguese) - which are tickened, underground, lignified structures (root or s... | [
"it can be drunk from",
"it is very thin",
"it holds up bright green leaves",
"it can hide in grass"
] | A | a stem is used to store water by some plants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-160 | food, decomposition
Title: Worm compost cannot have cooked food I live in the Netherlands and it is getting fashionable to compost with worms. After investigating a few websites I noticed that most websites suggested that I cannot feed the worms leftovers from citrus fruits. This seems logical. I then started noticing... | [
"creatures experience some suffering",
"animals must make their own",
"dogs will need to be fed",
"organisms need to be cared for"
] | A | loss of resources has a negative impact on the organisms in an area |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-161 | reflection
Title: Why the transmitted pulse in pulse-echo technique cannot be too long? Question. An ultrasound pulse-echo technique is used to produce an image by reflection from many boundaries. If the transmitted pulse is too long, the image produced is of poor quality. Why?
My attempt. If the transmitted pulse is... | [
"Direct",
"Distant",
"Varied",
"Single"
] | D | when a sound is produced inside of a room , there is sometimes an echo after the sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-162 | food
Title: Why might food go bad in an oxygen-free environment? I was recently watching a video from the International Space Station (Making a peanut butter sandwich in space), and I noticed he mentioned that a tortilla kept in an oxygen-free environment could last up to 18 months. Impressive, but it got me thinking:... | [
"be discarded immediately",
"kept for later",
"left to rot",
"be thrown up"
] | B | if food is not immediately used by the body for energy then that food will be stored for future use |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-163 | geomorphology
Title: What causes these mound-like ground formations? Whilst riding on Mam Tor in Castleton, England I came across this scene (not my photo) and I would like to know what causes the formations which I have ringed in red. They look like piles of earth have been deposited a long time ago, but clearly that... | [
"2017",
"2015",
"2012",
"2009"
] | A | storms can cause a landslide |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-164 | material-science
Title: Optimal material for a hammer head I was watching a TV show in which a gold hammer was mentioned. It was not serious but caused me to wonder whether gold would be a good material and, if not, what else might be. An attraction of gold is that it has a high density but that advantage is probabl... | [
"butter",
"cola",
"tea",
"syrup"
] | B | a soda can is made of aluminum |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-165 | desert
Title: When was the first not-icy desert formed? For how long have deserts existed and which one would be the first to be created? I'm talking about arid, dry deserts, not the Antarctic or Arctic or any other icy deserts. Deserts have existed since at least the Permian period (299-251 million years ago) when th... | [
"organisms",
"fish",
"trees",
"grasses"
] | A | an ecosystem contains a large community of living organisms in a particular place |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-166 | rocks, remote-sensing, archaeology, ground-truth
Together, #1, #2, and #3 tell us that it's probably early summer just after the river ice has broken up.
The tooth-like features in the left image are simply erosional remnants sticking out of the riverbank. They could be bedrock (not likely), ice wedges, unmelted perm... | [
"have gouges",
"have stains",
"be frozen",
"be dirty"
] | A | glaciers cause scratches in rocks |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-167 | thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, temperature
Air is not an ideal gas. The most important factor is that air usually contains a non negligible amount of water vapor, the presence of which can greatly change its thermodynamic properties
In the atmosphere, wind is actually a large mass of air moving from regions of... | [
"Light",
"Wind",
"Speed",
"Sound"
] | D | air is a vehicle for sound |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-168 | biochemistry, ecosystem
The main damaging effects of wood ash are if it is applied in high concentrations where it can directly enter water sources (see for example UGA extension). In this case, it can raise pH enough to be damaging to life. Large quantities from large fires can also raise pH substantially in streams ... | [
"cities",
"jungles",
"fields",
"oceans"
] | B | cutting down trees has a negative impact on an organisms living in an ecosystem |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-169 | zoology, entomology, ethology, ant
Title: What happens to an ant colony when the queen dies? Does the colony collapse? Do workers keep following the last orders? Or can future queens replace the dead one? I'm guessing this might also depend on each specific sub-species. Not really my field, but I can point to this rev... | [
"small change",
"learn to fly",
"less of them",
"more of them"
] | C | if an organism dies then the population of that organism will decrease |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-170 | photosynthesis, respiration, ecosystem, decomposition
Maybe you should study the metabolic processes of plants and life in general to better understand this. All life consists of chemical reactions that build up structures; in order to build them up you need energy (because of the second law of thermodynamics), and al... | [
"offspring",
"auroras",
"magnetism",
"organisms"
] | A | reproduction produces offspring |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-171 | thermodynamics, temperature
Layout
In the night, the outside temperature is lower compared to both Room, but since I live on top floor, the above slabs get heated and it starts radiating heat. I want to cool all my room. It seems like you want to transfer heat from Room 2 to Room 1, but you haven't mentioned the reaso... | [
"the part by the fence",
"the part with the grass",
"the part by the pool",
"the part by the oak tree"
] | D | large trees block sunlight from reaching the ground |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-172 | reproduction, asexual-reproduction
Title: can self-fertilization in flowers be called asexual reproduction? Suppose a flower having both male and female reproductive parts is self-fertilized then can this be called asexual reproduction...?I'm quite confused cause in this case the fusion of male and female gametes do t... | [
"births can occur only after reproduction takes place",
"death is the last stage in the life cycle",
"reproduction mightn't guarantee a healthy life",
"life can end during reproduction"
] | A | reproduction is a stage in the life cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-173 | experimental-chemistry
Title: How to produce Fe(OH)2? I'm interested in producing Ferrum hydroxide (II), I did some research on the internet and made a plan for myself:
Conduct electrolysis:
Conduct electrolysis producing $\ce{NaOH}$ and chlorine solution.
Produce $\ce{HCl}$:
Produce $\ce{HCl}$ from chlorine solution... | [
"pottery clay for kilns",
"baking sheet for cookies",
"items that fasten roofing to roofs",
"twist ties for bread bags"
] | C | iron nails are made of iron |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-174 | visible-light, speed-of-light
Title: How can travelling at light speed affect light itself? ~Hypothetical Scenario:
Your driving in a car (with the headlights on high beam) and you gradually get faster until you reach the speed of light.
Raised Assumptions:
You can see in and out of the car whilst moving at the speed... | [
"moons gravity",
"motion",
"it is closer",
"sun rotation"
] | C | as a source of light becomes closer , that source will appear brighter |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-175 | zoology, ecology, species-distribution, migration
Title: How do animals end up in remote areas? I was thinking specifically about random marshy water holes on farmers fields. It seems that you can visit just about any one of these and you will find frogs if you look hard enough.
They usually don't seem to be connected... | [
"cave",
"beach",
"mountain",
"pond"
] | A | shelter is used for protection by animals against weather |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-176 | species-identification, entomology
Title: I found these in my bathroom and WC Are they somehow dangerous? What are they and how can I get rid of them? These are silver fish (Lepisma saccharina) and harmless. Wikipedia says (image taken from the article):
Silverfish are nocturnal insects typically 13–25 mm (0.5–1.0 in... | [
"using clear ink to spread smell",
"hiding in dark, inky caves",
"expelling dark fluid for cover",
"using ink to paint camouflage"
] | C | ink is used for hiding from predators by octopuses |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-177 | metabolism, ecology, photosynthesis
Title: Why isn't phosphorus or nitrogen a limiting nutrient for animals? Nitrogen and Phosphorus are usually the limiting nutrient for plants, especially for algae. Phosphorus is used for DNA, ATP and phospholipids, and Nitrogen is used for pretty much every protein a cell might wa... | [
"friendships",
"habitat",
"survival",
"caloric needs"
] | C | an animal requires nutrients for survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-178 | material-science
Title: What is the physical process behind wool shrinking when dried? Wool is a fibrous material, but other fibrous materials do not suffer the same problem.
Let us set the scene; a woollen jumper shrinking when put in the washing machine, then the dryer. This involves wetting and heating the jumper, ... | [
"is milky white",
"is partly milk",
"contains the milk",
"is now wet"
] | C | if something absorbs something else then that something will contain that something else |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-179 | evolution, zoology, adaptation
One answer that came to mind is domestic animals - the horse and dog in prehistory, the cat in ancient Egypt, etc. That seems too obvious on one hand, and on the other hand may not really be an answer, as there seems to be no indication that pre-domestic animals were endangered by humans... | [
"to mate",
"to avoid crocodiles",
"to catch prey",
"to build nests"
] | B | mimicry is used for avoiding predators by animals by camouflaging as a dangerous animal |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-180 | zoology, entomology
Title: How do insects know what is edible? What is the current scientific consensus on how insects innately know what is food and not food? If they are introduced to new food sources do they experiment with eating the new food? Could you teach a preying mantis to eat beef? Insect feeding behaviour ... | [
"organism decay",
"bad smells",
"dying animals",
"rotting trees"
] | A | the smell of rotting meat attracts flies |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-181 | meteorology, climate-change, gas, pollution
Title: Regarding various types of atmospheric pollution Does all the car pollution (from about 150 million cars at least in the U.S. and a lot more in all of North America and the rest of the world) all the smoke-stack pollution of various factories and all the Airline pollu... | [
"acid rain",
"smog",
"chemical run-off",
"laundry soup"
] | D | pollution is a source of pollutants |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-182 | energy, fuel, environmental-chemistry
Title: Effect of coal and natural gas burning on particulate matter pollution I sometimes hear people talking about how we should replace coal burning plants with natural gas ones, to alleviate the case of particulate matter pollution. What exactly is the difference between coal f... | [
"wood",
"coal",
"oil",
"solar"
] | B | coal is used to produce electricity by burning in coal-fire power stations |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-183 | evolution, botany, development, fruit, seeds
What is the point of fruit if not to be eaten? It’s my understanding that organisms will adapt to survive and thrive. I understand that being eaten can spread seeds, but this just seems like too much of a risky tactic to rely on.
Following on from part one: If being eaten i... | [
"Fish",
"Word of mouth",
"Knowledge",
"Boat"
] | A | seed dispersal has a positive impact on a plant |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-184 | temperature, thermal-conduction
The TC industry is extremely well controlled, and so it's highly unlikely that any TC wire you buy will be "inaccurate." So if you buy only the wire itself, no need to worry. TC wire is very cheap, coming in all Types and diameters. It's very easy to make a TC junction from the wire i... | [
"212 degrees F.",
"0 degrees C.",
"39 degrees F.",
"32 degrees C."
] | B | freezing point means temperature at which a liquid freezes |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-185 | power-engineering
Title: Why are hydropower plants always wheel-shaped and not flat? Question:
Why are there no flat power generators like in the picture below, that work on the surface of shallow, but steadily flowing rivers ? (As a floating micropower plant.)
The picture shows a conveyer belt with vanes/blades(?) ... | [
"it can be gotten continuously",
"it is free from dirt",
"it is electric and powerful",
"is uses very little gasoline"
] | A | alternative fuel is usually a renewable resource |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-186 | statistical-mechanics, atmospheric-science, density
A limnic eruption, also referred to as a lake overturn, is a rare type of natural disaster in which dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) suddenly erupts from deep lake waters, forming a gas cloud that can suffocate wildlife, livestock and humans. Such an eruption may also ... | [
"the area becomes damp",
"the surrounding land is underwater",
"the wind blows over trees",
"everything around burns down"
] | B | when a body of water receives more water than it can hold , a flood occurs |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-187 | molecular-biology, molecular-genetics, development, sex
Quote from a Review (Yao 2005):
We have just begun to glimpse into the mechanisms underlying ovarian development. Convincing evidence challenges us to reconsider the existing paradigm that describes ovarian development as a default system. The default concept wa... | [
"the living term",
"a plant feeding",
"the entertainment circuit",
"a chemical reaction"
] | A | adulthood is a stage in the life cycle process |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-188 | thermodynamics, atoms, phase-transition
But let's look at how the states change. In a solid, you have a bunch of atoms that can be thought of as masses connected by springs. As heat is added to the system, the atoms begin to vibrate in the lattice of springs. As more heat is added, they vibrate enough to break the spr... | [
"a drink with water in it",
"a toilet with bleach in it",
"a soda with lime in it",
"a sink with hair in it"
] | C | if an object undergoes chemical change then that object will have new chemical properties |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-189 | dna, mammals, eggs
Title: In what circumstances does a mammalian egg copy its DNA? In the 2nd episode of the new Cosmos series, the host Neil deGrasse Tyson shows how the white-furred bear could have evolved (reasonable scientific speculation, of course).
If you haven't seen that episode, here's the link. Great show, ... | [
"characteristic",
"coat",
"snow",
"fur length"
] | A | the color of fur is an inherited characteristic |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-190 | star, galaxy
If you're on a farm, away from cities, in a place with reasonably low light pollution, and your eyes are good, and you've been sitting in perfect pitch black darkness for at least 30 minutes prior - when you look up you can reasonably expect to see a few thousand objects, mostly stars. Keep looking, and a... | [
"light in an area becomes greater",
"there is a lot of rain",
"light in an area becomes lessened",
"there is a lot of snow"
] | A | as light pollution increases , seeing the stars will be harder |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-191 | astronomy, astrophysics, planets, exoplanets
Title: What day/night cycles, climate and seasons would experience Alpha Centauri Bb inhabitants? Alpha Centauri Bb is an exoplanet orbiting Alpha Centauri B. It is asserted that given the close distance to the star the planet should be tidally locked.
The orbiting period ... | [
"Orion",
"the Moon",
"Jupiter",
"Pluto"
] | C | a planet rotating causes cycles of day and night on that planet |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-192 | There is absolutely nothing that prevents the production of a board that is 4in wide; and even if there was, there would be nothing preventing the lumber yard from calling boards that are 3.5in wide '3.5 inch boards'.
The reason why they don't is tradition - it's a hangover from the guild system, wherein the 'mysterie... | [
"calcium",
"rust",
"carbon",
"silicon"
] | C | as the population of plants decreases , carbon in the atmosphere will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-193 | sensors
Title: Transducer for underwater applications (passive sonar) I'm kicking around the idea of building a small passive sonar for an autonomous submarine. I've looked through the net for parts and finding a good transducer for converting the sound underwater into an electrical impulse. After looking at parts I g... | [
"gathering lost things",
"disorientating enemies",
"warning others",
"helping sleep"
] | A | sonar is used to find the location of an object |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-194 | thermodynamics, temperature
Title: Non uniform freezing of lakes Here's a problem from my physics textbook:
Why do lakes freeze first at the surface?
I'm not sure why this should happen, and my guess is that the only reason for this could be the temperature distribution with depth, inside water bodies. You need to kno... | [
"animals leave",
"it ceases existing",
"plants dry up",
"fish grow ill"
] | B | if a body of water loses all water then that body of water does not exist any more |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-195 | entomology
Title: Constantly wiggling moth pupa - will it emerge soon? Today I found a moth pupa in the soil in my garden in western Sweden. It's about 15 mm long.
I have found similar ones before, but this one is wiggling a lot more, even after I put it down and put a bit of dirt over it. It's been moving for more t... | [
"adjust",
"shrink",
"burn",
"collect"
] | A | the cocoons being created occurs during the the pupa stage in a life cycle |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-196 | matter
When a solid is dissolved in a liquid, is it still a solid
I want to touch on this too, because there's a useful subtlety here.
When you put salt in hot water, it dissolves. In this case the energy from the water is enough to overcome the attraction between the atoms, and it is pulled off the crystal to mix wi... | [
"watery",
"the same",
"similar to object",
"full of life"
] | C | dissolving a substance in water causes the water to taste like that substance |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-197 | newtonian-gravity, mass, acceleration, earth, estimation
Title: Does Earth's Gravitational pull increase with time? Gravitational field depends on mass ($g = \frac{GM}{r^2}$) and every year many outside cosmic objects like asteroids or tiny object are hitting earth. So I think may be in a very microscopic amount the m... | [
"people",
"plants",
"kilograms",
"air"
] | C | the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-198 | the-sun, earth
Title: If the Sun got larger, but maintained its luminosity, would the Earth get hotter or colder? A recent question If the Sun were bigger but colder, Earth would be hotter or colder? asked - if the Sun got bigger and cooler, would the Earth heat up or cool down. I think the answer to that is mainly th... | [
"it falls",
"it becomes stabile",
"it climbs",
"it becomes volatile"
] | C | as the amount of polluting gasses in the atmoshere increases , the atmospheric temperature will increase |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-199 | evolution, ecology, natural-selection, adaptation
Title: What are Some Classical Examples of Local Adaptation? Question
Can you please give a list of classical (textbook) examples of local adaptations?
How to answer
Examples don't necessarily need to include what evidence supports this specific example of local adapt... | [
"Putting on sunscreen in a sunny place",
"Growing grass in a field",
"Having a drink of water on a warm day",
"Going for a walk outside"
] | A | adaptations are used for survival |
OpenBookQA | OpenBookQA-200 | telescope, newtonian-telescope
http://garyseronik.com/beat-the-heat-conquering-newtonian-reflector-thermals-part-2/
Small dobs (up to 6...8"), just take it outside at least 1 hour before you observe - or better yet, 2 hours. Let it "breathe". Dobs 10" or larger, you MUST use a fan on the primary mirror to force coolin... | [
"fall",
"winter",
"summer",
"spring"
] | C | a reflector is used to reflect light especially on vehicles |
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