Datasets:

rag-datasets

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rag-mini-bioasq

like 9

Is NfL (neurofilament light chain) a biomarker of neurodegeneration?

Yes, Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has recently been proposed as a promising biomarker in frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

[32306372, 34480363, 34556565, 34375485, 34519102]

Is Epistaxis associated with dental implant placement?

Epistaxis is a frequent complication associated with dental implant placement.

[30719578, 24155599]

What is the effect of grapefruit juice on CYP3A4?

Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4 activity.

[31828807]

Which is the major clinical feature observed in FDXR-associated disease?

FDXR-associated disease is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with retinal dystrophy being a major clinical feature observed in this cohort.

[33938912]

Is Daprodustat effective for anemia?

Yes. Daprodustat is a hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease.

[33561857, 33744933, 32250021, 33628028, 33597868, 34739196, 27978511, 33964183, 34739194, 31306555, 34713596, 31640478]

Where is the the protein perforin localized?

Perforin are stored inside the leukocytes in secretory granules.

[33410220, 33467515, 33884612, 33710487]

Is REGN5458 a single-targeted antibody?

No, REGN5458 is a bispecific antibody.

[33651100]

Which disease is associated with X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency?

X-linked recessive TLR7 deficiency is a highly penetrant genetic etiology of critical COVID-19 pneumonia, in about 1.8% of male patients below the age of 60 years.

[34413140]

Is Benralizumab effective for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria?

Yes, the anti-IL-5 antibody benralizumab has been reported to reduce Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria symptoms.

[32224275, 33685605, 31446134, 30015639]

Do the proteins Talin and Amot interact?

Yes, Amot binds Talin

[34433061]

Do RNA binding Proteins that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) regulate the DNA Damage Response?

RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) have emerged as key players in regulating the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and preserving genome integrity.

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Has CPX-351 been approved by the FDA and the EMA?

Yes, CPX-351 has been approved by the US FDA and the EMA.

[34256819]

What is the role of KAT7 in AML?

KAT7 is a genetic vulnerability of acute myeloid leukemias driven by MLL rearrangements and more specifically driven by the MLL-X gene fusions.

[32764680]

Which drugs are included in the CAPIRI regimen?

CAPIRI regimen includes capecitabine plus irinotecan.

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What is the p-crAssphage?

CrAssphage is the most abundant human-associated virus and the founding member of a large group of bacteriophages, discovered in animal-associated and environmental metagenomes, that infect bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes.

[33137401, 33715349, 33594055]

What is the function of Circular RNA (circRNA)?

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of conserved, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation as well as the pathogenesis of diseases. including cancer

[34110722, 28969093, 34699790, 30791568, 28082450, 33065239, 32059672, 33715625, 30550956, 32667692, 33649838, 34296749, 31897908, 31832126, 33835457, 34542406, 29349062, 29387208, 31178190, 27616979, 33537235, 28634583, 31998941, 28018143, 34535136, 34100450, 32018039, 34258296]

Which one was the first chromone in clinical use?

The first chromone in clinical use, khellin.

[24925412]

Which resource is used for visualisation of non-covalent contacts?

The Protein Contacts Atlas is an interactive resource of non-covalent contacts from over 100,000 PDB crystal structures. The Protein Contacts Atlas enables researchers from different disciplines to investigate diverse questions in the framework of non-covalent contacts, including the interpretation of allostery, disease mutations and polymorphisms, by exploring individual subunits, interfaces, and protein-ligand contacts and by mapping external information. The Protein Contacts Atlas is available at http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/pca/ and also through PDBe.

[29335563]

Which disease is treated with Emapalumab?

Emapalumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).

[33686916, 32817285, 32447592, 34096649, 32374962, 30623346, 32648854, 31537529, 33484058, 33424859]

Do we find bacteriophages in the gut?

yes, Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) of the gut have increasingly become a focus in microbiome studies, with an understanding that they are likely key players in health and disease.

[33171009, 34560321, 33465423, 33137401, 33176253]

What is the function of the protein encoded by PUMILIO1?

Pumilio1 (Pum1) has been shown to play key roles in translational regulation of target mRNAs in many systems of diverse organisms.

[32437472, 21397187, 34531333, 17024422, 34705895, 25768905, 33508364, 30289101, 16954190, 31897787, 21098481, 30256721, 25896760, 29490074, 34541851]

What is CPX-351

CPX-351 (United States: Vyxeos®; Europe: Vyxeos® Liposomal), a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio, is approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes.

[34256819]

What is the prevalence of the inactivating AKT variant p.Pro50Thr in the Finnish population?

1.1% frequency

[28341696]

Which mutations are inhibited by Ripretinib?

Ripretinib is a novel switch-control kinase inhibitor designed to inhibit a wide range of KIT and PDGFRA mutations.

[33473249, 32859585, 33947686, 34503977, 32511981, 32804590, 34391056, 33948116, 33876372, 31085175, 31755321, 31033566, 32578014]

What is known about the PYHIN proteins?

The human PYHIN proteins, AIM2, IFI16, IFIX, and MNDA, are critical regulators of immune response, transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a member of the PYHIN (pyrin and HIN domain-containing protein) family with important roles in sensing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and assembling the AIM2 inflammasome, which has wide-ranging, pro-inflammatory and pro-pyroptotic properties.

[25665578, 32946794, 28931603, 29120406, 32760121]

What class of drugs is commonly associated with Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD)?

[' Numerous agents including cytotoxic and noncytotoxic drugs have the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity.']

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What pathological phenotype could potentially concomitant pomegranate juice and rosuvastatin use cause?

Concomitant use of rosuvastatin and pomegranate juice has been hypothesized to be associated with the development of rhabdomyolysis in a case report.

[16923466]

Which tool has been developed to discover VNTR-associated deletions?

Τrfermikit is a software tool designed to detect deletions larger than 50 bp occurring in Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) using Illumina DNA sequencing reads. In such regions, it achieves a better trade-off between sensitivity and false discovery than a state-of-the-art structural variation (SV) caller, Manta, and complements it by recovering a significant number of deletions that Manta missed. trfermikit is based upon the fermikit pipeline, which performs read assembly, maps the assembly to the reference genome, and calls variants from the alignment.

[34864893]

Is tirabrutinib effective for lymphoma?

Yes, tirabrutinib appears to be effective for lymphoma. It was approved in Japan for the treatment of recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma.

[33902692, 34615748, 32382949, 32583848, 33851691, 30815927]

Is covid-19 induced anosmia caused by disruption of nuclear architecture?

Yes. Disruption of nuclear architecture is a cause of COVID-19 induced anosmia.

[33594368]

What is the mechanism of action of Toripalimab?

Toripalimab is IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, which has been approved for treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma after previous systemic therapy.

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Is taxilin a cancer marker?

Yes, α-Taxilin, a binding partner of the syntaxin family, is a candidate tumor marker.

[24091795, 21042709, 32377534, 28789367]

What are the symptoms of an incidental durotomy (ID).

Incidental durotomy can cause postural headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, photophobia, tinnitus, and vertigo. Meningitis is a rare complication reported to occur with a frequency of 0.18%

[10528385, 15260094]

Is PCAT6 a microRNA?

No, PCAT6 is a long noncoding RNA.

[34620745]

Is HDAC1 required for GATA-1 transcriptional activity?

Yes. HDAC1 is required for GATA-1 transcription activity, global chromatin occupancy and hematopoiesis.

[34450641]

Which enzyme is inhibited by Aramchol?

Arachidyl amido cholanoic acid (Aramchol) is a potent downregulator of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protein expression.

[32982112, 21044742, 34151243, 31013363, 31931543, 34621052, 29159325]

What is the cause of the Diamond Blackfan Anemia?

Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome associated with ribosomal gene mutations that lead to ribosomal insufficiency.

[32630050, 32643123, 32620751]

What are the functions of DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes?

G-Quadruplex, a unique secondary structure in nucleic acids found throughout human genome, elicited widespread interest in the field of therapeutic research. Being present in key regulatory regions of oncogenes, RNAs and telomere, G-Quadruplex structure regulates transcription, translation, splicing, etc

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What is the effect of epiregulin expression in tumors?

Epiregulin has elevated expression in a variety of human cancers. Epiregulin expression promotes tumor progression and metastasis and reduces patient survival.

[30738695]

Name scRNA-seq workflows which harness graph attention networks

SCDRHA and CellVGAE

[34864884, 34512734]

Which molecule is targeted by Fenebrutinib?

Fenebrutinib is a noncovalent, oral, and highly selective inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK).

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What is Cereblon?

Cereblon (CRBN) is a substrate recognition protein in the E3-ligase ubiquitin complex. The binding target of CRBN varies according to tissues and cells, and the protein regulates various biological functions by regulating tissue-specific targets.

[34489457, 34553266, 34588172, 34572892]

What is Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) used to determine?

The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) is an objective anatomically-based injury severity scoring system that classifies each injury by body region on a 6 point scale. AIS is the system used to determine the Injury Severity Score (ISS) of the multiply injured trauma patient. AIS CLASSIFICATIONS The AIS classifies individual injuries by body region as follows: AIS 1 – Minor AIS 2 – Moderate AIS 3 – Serious AIS 4 – Severe AIS 5 – Critical AIS 6 – Maximal (currently untreatable)

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Which protein family is epiregulin a member of?

EREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family.

[32700456]

Describe Cap Trap RNA-seq

Using the Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) technology, the FANTOM5 consortium provided one of the most comprehensive maps of transcription start sites (TSSs) in several species. Strikingly, ~72% of them could not be assigned to a specific gene and initiate at unconventional regions, outside promoters or enhancers. Cap Trap RNA-seq is a technology which combines cap trapping and long read MinION sequencing.

[34078885]

What is the use of the Canadian C-Spine Rule?

The Canadian C-spine rule clinically clears cervical spine fracture without imaging.

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What is the Daughterless gene?

The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila encodes a broadly expressed transcriptional regulator whose specific functions in the control of sex determination and neurogenesis have been extensively examined.

[8217842, 11731451, 8149916]

Is telomestatin, a novel statin drug used to treat high cholesterol?

Telomestatin is a natural product isolated from Streptomyces anulatus 3533-SV4 and has been shown to be a very potent telomerase inhibitor and is used to treat cancer.

[11878947, 12917635, 15283144, 23909929, 28611443, 16652154]

What is amphiregulin a ligand of?

Amphiregulin (AREG) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand.

[34893673]

Which genetic susceptibility loci are implicated in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

There have been six genetic susceptibility loci identified and confirmed for IBS. Implicated genes included NCAM1, CADM2, PHF2/FAM120A, DOCK9, CKAP2/TPTE2P3 and BAG6.

[34741163]

Is there an association between Guillain–Barré syndrome and covid vaccine?

Yes. There series reporting Guillain–Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination.

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What is the function of the protein calreticulin?

Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer to assist correct protein folding within the ER.

[34495528, 34472223, 32733014, 33360823]

Atlanto-axial rotary instability (Fielding type 1) is common to what diseases?

Atlanto-axial instability (AAI) is common in the connective tissue disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and increasingly recognized in the heritable disorders of Stickler, Loeys-Dietz, Marfan, Morquio, and Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) syndromes as well as infectious disease.

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What is the effect of epiregulin on leptin secretion?

Epiregulin induces leptin secretion.

[30400011]

Which JASPAR release is JASPAR 2022?

JASPAR (http://jaspar.genereg.net/) is an open-access database containing manually curated, non-redundant transcription factor (TF) binding profiles for TFs across six taxonomic groups. In JASPAR 2022, JASPAR's 9th release, the CORE collection was expanded with 341 new profiles (148 for plants, 101 for vertebrates, 85 for urochordates, and 7 for insects), which corresponds to a 19% expansion over the previous release.

[34850907]

Is Erythropoietin effective for neuroprotection of Preterm Infants.

No. High-dose erythropoietin treatment administered to extremely preterm infants from 24 hours after birth through 32 weeks of postmenstrual age did not result in a lower risk of severe neurodevelopmental impairment or death at 2 years of age.

[34030616, 32961562, 31940698]

What is the SPRTN protein function?

The protease SPRTN emerged as the essential enzyme for DNA-protein crosslink proteolysis repair.

[34551432, 33348378, 34189469, 33183910]

What part of the body is associated with Cauda equina

The cauda equina is the sack of nerve roots (nerves that leave the spinal cord between spaces in the bones of the spine to connect to other parts of the body) at the lower end of the spinal cord.

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What does RUNX1T1 stand for?

RUNX1T1 stands for runt-related transcription factor 1.

[32589708]

Describe InteractiveComplexHeatmap

InteractiveComplexHeatmap is designed with an easy-to-use interface where static complex heatmaps can be directly exported to an interactive Shiny web application only with one additional line of code.

[34864868]

What is the use of Brain Metastasis Velocity (BMV) Model?

Brain metastasis velocity (BMV) is a metric that describes the rate of development of new brain metastases (BM) after initial stereotactic radiosurgery.

[34775780, 29740743, 28586952, 33817641, 30524969, 29464141, 31526671]

What is "cell competition"?

Cell competition is a social cellular phenomenon in which unfit cells are selectively eliminated to maintain tissue homeostasis. At the initial stage of carcinogenesis, cell competition often occurs between newly emerging transformed cells and the neighboring normal cells, leading to the elimination of transformed cells from the epithelial layer.

[34500336, 33357449, 34485872, 33508854]

What is IDD in relation to organ transplantation?

Imminent death donation (IDD) has been proposed as a separate category of organ donation: distinct from living donation and donation after cardiac death

[28030433, 28027062, 32633023]

Is METTL3 an m6A writer, reader or eraser?

The methyltransferase METTL3 is an m6A writer.

[34535671]

What is the 4D nucleome project?

The 4D Nucleome Network aims to develop and apply approaches to map the structure and dynamics of the human and mouse genomes in space and time with the goal of gaining deeper mechanistic insights into how the nucleus is organized and functions. The project will develop and benchmark experimental and computational approaches for measuring genome conformation and nuclear organization, and investigate how these contribute to gene regulation and other genome functions. Validated experimental technologies will be combined with biophysical approaches to generate quantitative models of spatial genome organization in different biological states, both in cell populations and in single cells.

[28905911]

Which drugs were included in the polypill that was tested in TIPS-3 trial?

Polypill tested in the TIPS-3 trial was comprised of atenolol, ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide, and a statin.

[30342297]

What is the drug gantenerumab targeting?

Gantenerumab significantly reduced amyloid plaques, cerebrospinal fluid total tau, and phospho-tau181 and attenuated increases of neurofilament light chain.

[33336218, 34155411, 34198582]

Is Ameloblastoma (AB) a common benign tumor occurring in the brain?

Ameloblastoma (AM) is a slow growing and aggressive benign tumor with an odontogenic epithelial origin arising from the mandible or maxilla.

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In which aspects of the immune response is m6A methylation implicated?

m6A is a novel regulator of immune system homeostasis and activation. m6A modifications and m6A modifying proteins play a critical role in pathogen recognition, immune cell activation, immune cell fate decisions, and immune reactions. These modifications modulate the fate decisions of innate and adaptive immune cells and regulate immune responses in immune-associated diseases, including viral infections and cancer.

[34515345]

Describe nextNEOpi

NextNEOpi is a comprehensive and fully-automated bioinformatic pipeline to predict tumor neoantigens from raw DNA and RNA sequencing data. In addition, nextNEOpi quantifies neoepitope- and patient-specific features associated with tumor immunogenicity and response to immunotherapy.

[34788790]

What is the use of the ATRIA score?

ATRIA score determines bleeding risk for patients on warfarin.

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Which protein is targeted by Herceptin?

Her2 is targeted by Herceptin.

[33468562, 34532642]

What are the main clinical components of the brain death exam?

The three essential findings in brain death are coma, absence of brain stem reflexes by neurologic exam including ancillary testing, and apnea. Studies can highlight the variability in practice in regard to the AT and supports the use of ancillary tests to determine BD in patients. Coma and brain stem reflexes can be determined by several ancillary tests Ancillary tests include electroencephalography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, included somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, conventional cerebral angiography, and nuclear medicine flow study

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How does amphiregulin decrease the anti-proliferative effect of cetuximab?

In SNU-C4 and Caco-2 cells which were relatively sensitive to cetuximab among the seven CRC cell lines tested, AREG significantly decreased the anti-proliferative effect of cetuximab (p < 0.05) via AKT and ERK activation.

[34893673]

Describe RCandy

RCandy is a platform-independent R package for rapid, simple, and flexible visualisation of recombination events in bacterial genomes.

[34864895]

What variables are included in the MuLBSTA score?

MuLBSTA score includes Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension and Age.

[33573696, 32923449, 33729130, 32860431]

Which organisms are the focus of the Wormbase?

WormBase continues to advance its practices on data acquisition, curation and retrieval to most effectively deliver comprehensive knowledge about Caenorhabditis elegans, and genomic information about other nematodes and parasitic flatworms.

[29069413, 31642470, 32185395, 31552661, 29761466]

Is Ameloblastoma (AB) a benign tumor that never metastasizes?

Ameloblastomas are benign but locally invasive neoplasms which can be metastatic

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What does PCAT6 stand for?

PCAT6 stands for prostate cancer-associated transcript 6.

[34620745]

Is there any role of the 'Greek islands' in olfactory receptor choice?

Yes. 'Greek islands' first contribute to the formation of olfactory receptor compartments and then form a multi-chromosomal super-enhancer that associates with the single active olfactory receptor gene. The Greek-island-bound transcription factor LHX2 and adaptor protein LDB1 regulate the assembly and maintenance of olfactory receptor compartments, Greek island hubs and olfactory receptor transcription, providing mechanistic insights into and functional support for the role of trans interactions in gene expression.

[30626972]

What is ASTRAL Score?

ASTRAL Score is used to predict prognosis of stroke patients.

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Is paxillin affected by RANKL?

Yes, RANKL promotes paxillin serine and tyrosine phosphorylation.

[32193744, 30609675, 22807029]

What organ is associated with a Gleason pattern or Gleason Score?

The Gleason score is an important parameter for clinical outcome in prostate cancer patients

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How does FTO suppress pancreatic tumorigenesis?

Reduced expression of the m6A demethylase, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), was responsible for the high levels of m6A RNA modification in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, FTO demethylated the m6A modification of praja ring finger ubiquitin ligase 2 (PJA2), thereby reducing its mRNA decay, suppressing Wnt signaling, and ultimately restraining the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.

[34484859]

Which tool has been developed to identify the glycan shielding of glycosylated proteins?

GLYCO (GLYcan COverage) is an in silico approach to quantify the glycan shielding of a protein surface. The software provides insights into glycan-dense/sparse regions of the entire protein surface or a subset of the protein surface. GLYCO calculates glycan shielding from a single coordinate file or from multiple coordinate files, for instance, as obtained from molecular dynamics simulations or by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy structure determination, enabling analysis of glycan dynamics.

[34864901]

What are the targets of Tirbanibulin?

Tirbanibulin is Src kinase signaling inhibitor and tubulin polymerisation inhibitor that is being developed for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis, and psoriasis.

[33713299, 34349652, 33196758, 33567191, 34783452]

Is retinol binding protein 4 an adipokine?

Yes, Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a prominent adipokine.

[33199363, 33484131, 34575030]

What is the function of BACH1

BACH1) is the first mammalian heme-binding transcription factor that belongs to the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family and a member of CNC (cap 'n' collar

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What does the gene symbol EREG stand for?

The gene symbol EREG stands for the gene epiregulin.

[34667080]

Which tool has been developed for proteome-wide detection of membrane lipid-binding proteins?

MBPpred is a profile Hidden Markov Model based method capable of detecting Membrane Binding Proteins (MBPs) from information encoded in their amino acid sequence.

[27048983]

What disease can be treated with Avacopan?

Avacopan is effective for ANCA-associated vasculitis.

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Is HYDIN (Hydrocephalus-inducing protein homolog) an axonemal protein?

Yes, HYDIN is a axonemal protein.

[17296793, 17683645]

What disease is also known as Bechterew's Disease?

Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew's disease) is the most typical form of axial SpA whereby sacroiliitis can be found on X-rays of the SI joints.

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Through which pathway does epiregulin promote leptin secretion?

EREG increased leptin production and secretion in a dose-dependent manner in iAb fat explants via the EGFR/MAPK pathway.

[30400011]

Are there any R packages that help with visualizing data on spirals?

Yes. Spiralize is an R package for visualizing data on spirals.

[34849585]

Was ALVAC-HIV effective for HIV prevention in the HVTN 702 trial?

No. The ALVAC-gp120 regimen did not prevent HIV-1 infection among participants in South Africa despite previous evidence of immunogenicity

[32554928, 34029515, 33761206]

Do Afamin bind Vitamin E?

Yes, Afamin is a plasma vitamin E-binding glycoprotein.

[29587878, 33409873, 30247793, 30220025, 28877915]

Is disruption of immune regulation mechanisms associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia (PE)?

Inflammation and oxidative stress at the maternal-fetal interface characterize the placental dysfunction that underlies the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia.

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Can autophagy related lncRNAs be used for colorectal cancer prognosis?

Yes, a prognostic prediction model of CRC was built based on nine ARlncRNAs (NKILA, LINC00174, AC008760.1, LINC02041, PCAT6, AC156455.1, LINC01503, LINC00957, and CD27-AS1). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among train set, validation set, and all patients (all p < 0.001). The model had high sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the 1-year overall survival rate (area under the curve = 0.717). The prediction model risk score was an independent predictor of CRC.

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Are there roles for cohesin mutations in AML?

Yes. Several landmark studies have shown that cohesin mutations perturb the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). Emerging data now begin to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underpin this phenotype. Among these mechanisms is a role for cohesin in the control of inflammatory responses in HSPCs and myeloid cells. Inflammatory signals limit HSPC self-renewal and drive HSPC differentiation. Consistent with this, cohesin mutations promote resistance to inflammatory signals, and may provide a selective advantage for AML progression.

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